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Psalm 78:33
Therefore their days did he consume in vanity, and their years in trouble.

Zechariah 1:6
But my words and my statutes, which I commanded my servants the prophets, did they not take hold of your fathers? and they returned and said, Like as the LORD of hosts thought to do unto us, according to our ways, and according to our doings, so hath he dealt with us.

futility
The term "futility" is often translated as "vanity" or "meaninglessness" in other versions. It reflects the Hebrew word "hevel," which conveys a sense of emptiness or transience. This concept is central to Ecclesiastes, where the author explores the fleeting and often unsatisfying nature of worldly pursuits. The idea of futility is echoed inRomans 8:20, where creation is subjected to frustration, pointing to the fallen state of the world and the need for redemption.

under the sun
This phrase is a key motif in Ecclesiastes, appearing numerous times throughout the book. It refers to the earthly, temporal realm as opposed to the eternal, divine perspective. The phrase underscores the limitations of human understanding and the often perplexing nature of life when viewed solely from a worldly standpoint. It serves as a reminder of the contrast between earthly experiences and the eternal truths found in God. The phrase "under the sun" also connects to the broader biblical narrative, where the ultimate fulfillment and purpose are found in Christ, who offers eternal life beyond the temporal struggles of this world.

Solomon’s choice to begin with “Again” shows he is revisiting a truth he has already observed—life’s emptiness when lived without reference to God (Ecclesiastes 1:2; 1:14). The repetition presses us to pay attention; if the wisest man who ever lived keeps returning to this theme, it must be crucial. Like the prophets who repeated warnings (Jeremiah 11:3) and like Jesus’ “Truly, truly” statements (John 3:3), the word signals urgency.

Solomon isn’t theorizing; he is an eyewitness. His wealth, power, and experience gave him access to every sphere of human endeavor (1 Kings 4:29–34; 10:23). What he “saw” carries the weight of firsthand investigation, similar to how John wrote, “what we have seen … we proclaim” (1 John 1:1–3). The Bible consistently values testimony—two or three witnesses establish a matter (Deuteronomy 19:15). Here, Solomon is his own witness, underscoring the reliability of his conclusion.

Other passages translate the word as “vanity” or “meaninglessness” (Ecclesiastes 1:2–3). Scripture teaches that, because of the Fall, creation has been subjected to “futility” (Romans 8:20). Life pursued apart from God’s purposes resembles

• chasing the wind (Ecclesiastes 2:11)

• building on sand (Matthew 7:26)

• storing barns for oneself yet being poor toward God (Luke 12:20–21)

Even great achievements fade (James 1:11). Solomon’s verdict echoesPsalm 39:5—“Every man at his best state is but vapor.”

This phrase frames Ecclesiastes: a horizontal, earth-bound outlook that ignores eternity. When people live “under the sun,” they measure success by temporary metrics—riches, status, pleasure (Ecclesiastes 2:1–11). Yet Scripture calls us to set our minds “on things above” (Colossians 3:1–2) and to remember that “the world and its desires pass away, but whoever does the will of God lives forever” (1 John 2:17). The emptiness Solomon records is real, but it is limited to life viewed without God’s eternal perspective. In Christ, our “labor in the Lord is not in vain” (1 Corinthians 15:58).

Ecclesiastes 4:7 is Solomon’s renewed eyewitness declaration that every purely earthly pursuit ends in emptiness. His repetition (“Again”) underscores the certainty of the lesson. His observation (“I saw”) is reliable. The condition he identifies (“futility”) is the inevitable result of life lived without God. And the sphere he limits it to (“under the sun”) reminds us that meaninglessness reigns only where eternity is ignored. Fulfillment emerges when we lift our eyes above the sun and anchor our labor, joy, and hope in the Lord who makes all things new.