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◄ Deuteronomy 32:21►
New International Version
They made me jealous by what is no god and angered me with their worthless idols. I will make them envious by those who are not a people; I will make them angry by a nation that has no understanding.

New Living Translation
They have roused my jealousy by worshiping things that are not God; they have provoked my anger with their useless idols. Now I will rouse their jealousy through people who are not even a people; I will provoke their anger through the foolish Gentiles.

English Standard Version
They have made me jealous with what is no god; they have provoked me to anger with their idols. So I will make them jealous with those who are no people; I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation.

Berean Standard Bible
They have provoked My jealousy by that which is not God; they have enraged Me with their worthless idols. So I will make them jealous by those who are not a people; I will make them angry by a nation without understanding.

King James Bible
They have moved me to jealousy withthat which is not God; they have provoked me to anger with their vanities: and I will move them to jealousy withthose which are not a people; I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation.

New King James Version
They have provoked Me to jealousy bywhat is not God; They have moved Me to anger by their foolish idols. But I will provoke them to jealousy bythose who are not a nation; I will move them to anger by a foolish nation.

New American Standard Bible
‘They have made Me jealous withwhat is not God; They have provoked Me to anger with their idols. So I will make them jealous withthose who are not a people; I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation,

NASB 1995
They have made Me jealous with what is not God; They have provoked Me to anger with their idols. So I will make them jealous with those who are not a people; I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation,

NASB 1977
‘They have made Me jealous withwhat is not God; They have provoked Me to anger with their idols. So I will make them jealous withthose who are not a people; I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation,

Legacy Standard Bible
They have made Me jealous withwhat is not God; They have provoked Me to anger with their idols. So I will make them jealous withthose who are not a people; I will provoke them to anger with a wickedly foolish nation,

Amplified Bible
‘They have made Me jealous with what is not God; They have provoked Me to anger with their idols. So I will make them jealous with those who are not a people; I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation.

Christian Standard Bible
They have provoked my jealousy with what is not a god; they have enraged me with their worthless idols. So I will provoke their jealousy with what is not a people; I will enrage them with a foolish nation.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
They have provoked My jealousy with their so-called gods; they have enraged Me with their worthless idols. So I will provoke their jealousy with an inferior people; I will enrage them with a foolish nation.

American Standard Version
They have moved me to jealousy with that which is not God; They have provoked me to anger with their vanities: And I will move them to jealousy with those that are not a people; I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation.

Contemporary English Version
You worshiped worthless idols, and made me jealous and angry! Now I will send a cruel and worthless nation to make you jealous and angry.

English Revised Version
They have moved me to jealousy with that which is not God; They have provoked me to anger with their vanities: And I will move them to jealousy with those which are not a people; I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
They made him furious because they worshiped foreign gods and angered him because they worshiped worthless idols. So I will use those who are not my people to make them jealous and a nation of godless fools to make them angry.

Good News Translation
With their idols they have made me angry, jealous with their so-called gods, gods that are really not gods. So I will use a so-called nation to make them angry; I will make them jealous with a nation of fools.

International Standard Version
They provoked me to jealousy over non-gods, and to be angry over their vanity. Now I'll provoke them to jealousy over a non-people; and over a foolish nation I'll provoke them to anger.

NET Bible
They have made me jealous with false gods, enraging me with their worthless gods; so I will make them jealous with a people they do not recognize, with a nation slow to learn I will enrage them.

New Heart English Bible
They have moved me to jealousy with that which is not God. They have provoked me to anger with their vanities. I will move them to jealousy with those who are not a people. I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation.

Webster's Bible Translation
They have moved me to jealousy with that which is not God; they have provoked me to anger with their vanities: and I will move them to jealousy with those who are not a people; I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation.
Majority Text Translations
Majority Standard Bible
They have provoked My jealousy by that which is not God; they have enraged Me with their worthless idols. So I will make them jealous by those who are not a people; I will make them angry by a nation without understanding.

World English Bible
They have moved me to jealousy with that which is not God. They have provoked me to anger with their vanities. I will move them to jealousy with those who are not a people. I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
They have made Me jealous by [what is] not God, "" They made Me angry by their vanities; And I make them jealous by [what is] not a people, "" I make them angry by a foolish nation.

Young's Literal Translation
They have made Me zealous by 'no-god,' They made Me angry by their vanities; And I make them zealous by 'no-people,' By a foolish nation I make them angry.

Smith's Literal Translation
They made me jealous with not God; They irritated me with their vanities: And I will make them jealous with not a people; With a foolish nation will I irritate them.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
They have provoked me with that which was no god, and have angered me with their vanities: and I will provoke them with that which is no people, and will vex them with a foolish nation.

Catholic Public Domain Version
They have provoked me with that which was not God, and they have angered me with their emptiness. And so, I will provoke them with that which is not a people, and I will anger them with a foolish nation.

New American Bible
Since they have incited me with a “no-god,” and provoked me with their empty idols, I will incite them with a “no-people”; with a foolish nation I will provoke them.

New Revised Standard Version
They made me jealous with what is no god, provoked me with their idols. So I will make them jealous with what is no people, provoke them with a foolish nation.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
They have provoked me to zealousness with that which is not God; they have provoked me to anger with their idols; so I will move them to jealousy with those that are not my people; I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
Those made me jealous by no god and they angered me with their idols, also I may make them jealous by no people, and I shall anger them by a foolish people.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
They have roused Me to jealousy with a no-god; They have provoked Me with their vanities; And I will rouse them to jealousy with a no-people; I will provoke them with a vile nation.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
They have provoked me to jealousy withthat which is not God, they have exasperated me with their idols; and I will provoke them to jealousy with them that are no nation, I will anger them with a nation void of understanding.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Song of Moses
…20He said: “I will hide My face from them; I will see what will be their end. For they are a perverse generation—children of unfaithfulness.21Theyhave provoked My jealousyby that which is notGod;they have enraged Mewith their worthless idols.So Iwill make them jealousby those who are nota people;I will make them angryby a nationwithout understanding.22For a fire has been kindled by My anger, and it burns to the depths of Sheol; it consumes the earth and its produce, and scorches the foundations of the mountains.…

Cross References
Romans 10:19
I ask instead, did Israel not understand? First, Moses says: “I will make you jealous by those who are not a nation; I will make you angry by a nation without understanding.”

Romans 11:11
I ask then, did they stumble so as to fall beyond recovery? Certainly not! However, because of their trespass, salvation has come to the Gentiles to make Israel jealous.

1 Corinthians 10:22
Are we trying to provoke the Lord to jealousy? Are we stronger than He?

Isaiah 65:1
“I revealed Myself to those who did not ask for Me; I was found by those who did not seek Me. To a nation that did not call My name, I said, ‘Here I am! Here I am!’

Hosea 1:10
Yet the number of the Israelites will be like the sand of the sea, which cannot be measured or counted. And it will happen that in the very place where it was said to them, ‘You are not My people,’ they will be called ‘sons of the living God.’

Hosea 2:23
And I will sow her as My own in the land, and I will have compassion on ‘No Compassion.’ I will say to those called ‘Not My People,’ ‘You are My people,’ and they will say, ‘You are my God.’”

1 Peter 2:10
Once you were not a people, but now you are the people of God; once you had not received mercy, but now you have received mercy.

Jeremiah 2:11
Has a nation ever changed its gods? (Yet they are not gods at all.) But My people have exchanged their Glory for useless idols.

Jeremiah 7:19
But am I the One they are provoking? declares the LORD. Is it not themselves they spite, to their own shame?

1 Kings 16:13
This happened because of all the sins Baasha and his son Elah had committed and had caused Israel to commit, provoking the LORD, the God of Israel, to anger with their worthless idols.

1 Kings 16:26
For he walked in all the ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat and in his sins, which he caused Israel to commit, provoking the LORD, the God of Israel, to anger with their worthless idols.

2 Kings 17:15
They rejected His statutes and the covenant He had made with their fathers, as well as the decrees He had given them. They pursued worthless idols and became worthless themselves, going after the surrounding nations that the LORD had commanded them not to imitate.

Psalm 78:58
They enraged Him with their high places and provoked His jealousy with their idols.

Psalm 106:29
So they provoked the LORD to anger with their deeds, and a plague broke out among them.

Isaiah 55:5
Surely you will summon a nation you do not know, and nations who do not know you will run to you. For the LORD your God, the Holy One of Israel, has bestowed glory on you.”


Treasury of Scripture

They have moved me to jealousy with that which is not God; they have provoked me to anger with their vanities: and I will move them to jealousy with those which are not a people; I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation.

moved me

Deuteronomy 32:16
They provoked him to jealousy with strangegods, with abominations provoked they him to anger.

Psalm 78:58
For they provoked him to anger with their high places, and moved him to jealousy with their graven images.

with their vanities

1 Samuel 12:21
And turn ye not aside: forthen should ye go after vainthings, which cannot profit nor deliver; for theyare vain.

1 Kings 16:13,26
For all the sins of Baasha, and the sins of Elah his son, by which they sinned, and by which they made Israel to sin, in provoking the LORD God of Israel to anger with their vanities…

Psalm 31:6
I have hated them that regard lying vanities: but I trust in the LORD.

I will

Hosea 1:10
Yet the number of the children of Israel shall be as the sand of the sea, which cannot be measured nor numbered; and it shall come to pass,that in the place where it was said unto them, Yeare not my people,there it shall be said unto them,Ye are the sons of the living God.

Romans 9:25
As he saith also in Osee, I will call them my people, which were not my people; and her beloved, which was not beloved.

Romans 10:19
But I say, Did not Israel know? First Moses saith, I will provoke you to jealousy bythem that are no people,and by a foolish nation I will anger you.

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Deuteronomy 32
1.Moses' song, which sets forth God's mercy and vengeance
46.He exhorts them to set their hearts upon it
48.God sends him up to mount Nebo to see the land, and to die














They have provoked My jealousy by that which is not God;
This phrase highlights the Israelites' idolatry, a recurring theme in their history. The concept of God’s jealousy is rooted in His covenant relationship with Israel, akin to a marriage bond. The Israelites' worship of false gods, such as Baal and Asherah, is seen as spiritual adultery. This provocation is a violation of the first commandment (Exodus 20:3). The phrase underscores the exclusivity of worship due to Yahweh alone, reflecting the Shema inDeuteronomy 6:4-5, which calls for wholehearted devotion to God.

they have enraged Me with their worthless idols.
The term "worthless idols" emphasizes the futility and powerlessness of the gods Israel pursued. In the ancient Near Eastern context, idol worship was prevalent, but the God of Israel is depicted as the only true and living God (Jeremiah 10:10). The idols are described as "worthless" because they cannot save or deliver (Isaiah 44:9-20). This idolatry is a direct affront to God’s sovereignty and holiness, leading to His righteous anger.

So I will make them jealous by those who are not a people;
This part of the verse introduces a divine response mirroring the Israelites' actions. "Not a people" refers to Gentile nations, considered outside the covenant community. This foreshadows the inclusion of Gentiles in God’s redemptive plan, as seen in the New Testament (Romans 10:19). The jealousy here is intended to provoke Israel to return to God, highlighting His desire for their repentance and restoration.

I will make them angry by a nation without understanding.
The "nation without understanding" signifies a people lacking the revelation and law given to Israel. Historically, this can refer to nations like Assyria or Babylon, used by God as instruments of judgment. Theologically, it points to the mystery of the Gospel reaching the Gentiles, as Paul discusses inRomans 11:11-14. This action serves as both a judgment and a means to fulfill God’s promise to bless all nations through Abraham’s seed (Genesis 12:3), ultimately realized in Jesus Christ.

Persons / Places / Events
1.Moses
The author of Deuteronomy, delivering God's message to the Israelites.

2.Israelites
The chosen people of God, who are being addressed in this passage.

3.God
The speaker in this verse, expressing His response to Israel's idolatry.

4.Worthless Idols
The false gods that the Israelites have turned to, provoking God's jealousy.

5.A Nation Without Understanding
Refers to a foreign nation that God will use to provoke Israel to jealousy.
Teaching Points
God's Jealousy and Righteous Anger
God's jealousy is not like human jealousy; it is a righteous desire for His people's faithfulness. Understanding this helps us grasp the seriousness of idolatry.

The Consequences of Idolatry
Idolatry leads to spiritual adultery, provoking God's anger. We must examine our lives for modern-day idols that may take precedence over God.

God's Sovereign Plan
Even in judgment, God has a redemptive purpose. He uses other nations to bring Israel back to Him, showing His sovereignty and mercy.

Inclusivity of God's Salvation
The reference to "a nation without understanding" foreshadows the inclusion of Gentiles in God's salvation plan, reminding us of the universal scope of the Gospel.

Self-Examination and Repentance
This passage calls us to self-examination, urging us to repent from anything that might provoke God's jealousy in our lives.
Bible Study Questions and Answers
1.What is the meaning of Deuteronomy 32:21?

2.How does Deuteronomy 32:21 illustrate God's response to idolatry and disobedience?

3.What does "provoke Me to anger" reveal about God's nature and expectations?

4.How can we avoid the mistakes of Israel in Deuteronomy 32:21 today?

5.Connect Deuteronomy 32:21 with Romans 10:19 regarding God's plan for Israel and Gentiles.

6.How can we ensure our worship remains true and pleasing to God?

7.What does Deuteronomy 32:21 reveal about God's response to idolatry?

8.How does Deuteronomy 32:21 illustrate God's jealousy?

9.Why does God use a "foolish nation" in Deuteronomy 32:21?

10.What are the top 10 Lessons from Deuteronomy 32?

11.What defines iconoclasm?

12.How does the severe condemnation of these idolatries in Ezekiel 8 align or conflict with other biblical accounts of tolerating foreign gods?

13.What does the second commandment state?

14.Romans 10:18–19: Does Paul’s claim that everyone has heard God’s message conflict with historical evidence of limited gospel spread?
What Does Deuteronomy 32:21 Mean
They have provoked My jealousy by that which is not God

The Lord speaks of Israel turning from Him to “that which is not God,” exposing the insanity of exchanging the living Creator for powerless substitutes (Jeremiah 2:11;1 Kings 16:31-33).

• God’s “jealousy” (Exodus 34:14) is not petty; it is His righteous insistence on exclusive covenant loyalty, just as a faithful husband rightly desires his wife’s fidelity.

• Earlier in this same song Moses had warned, “They provoked Him to jealousy with foreign gods” (Deuteronomy 32:16), underscoring that repeated rebellion brings escalating consequences.

• Idol-making always begins in the heart (Ezekiel 14:3); visible statues merely reveal an inward shift of trust and affection.

they have enraged Me with their worthless idols

“Worthless” translates the idea of emptiness—idols are nothing, yet they generate real offense because they steal the worship owed to God alone (Isaiah 44:9-20;1 Samuel 12:21).

• Divine anger here is not loss of control but holy revulsion toward sin that harms His people (Psalm 78:58-59).

• By calling the idols “worthless,” the Lord exposes the tragic irony: Israel traded immeasurable glory for utter futility (Jeremiah 10:3-6).

• Spiritual adultery inevitably outrages the One who rescued them from Egypt and bound Himself to them by covenant (Exodus 20:2-5).

So I will make them jealous by those who are not a people

God responds in kind: as Israel made Him jealous with non-gods, He will make them jealous with a “non-people.” Paul applies this to God turning to the Gentiles with the gospel (Romans 10:19;Acts 13:46).

• “Not a people” recallsHosea 1:9-10, where those once called “not My people” are later welcomed—highlighting grace to outsiders who believe.

• The Lord’s purpose is corrective as well as punitive; provoking jealousy can awaken Israel to seek Him again (Romans 11:11).

• This action demonstrates that covenant privilege can be forfeited, but God’s redemptive plan continues unhindered (Matthew 21:43).

I will make them angry by a nation without understanding

A “nation without understanding” pictures pagan invaders like the Assyrians or Babylonians (Jeremiah 5:15;Habakkuk 1:6-7) and ultimately any Gentile group God employs to discipline His people.

• Israel’s rage will mirror God’s earlier anger, showing that sin’s harvest often comes through instruments least expected (Isaiah 28:11-13).

• The descriptor “without understanding” underlines that God can wield even those who lack spiritual insight (Proverbs 16:4).

• Yet in His sovereignty He also later offers salvation to those very nations (Isaiah 49:6), proving His mercy exceeds human boundaries.

summary

Deuteronomy 32:21 reveals a solemn exchange: Israel’s idolatry stirred God’s holy jealousy, so He would stir theirs by blessing outsiders. The verse showcases the futility of idols, the seriousness of covenant betrayal, and the surprising breadth of God’s redemptive plan. What begins as judgment carries within it an invitation—turn from worthless things to the only true God, who can even use “a nation without understanding” to draw hearts back to Himself.

(21)"They have made me jealous with a no-god;

They have provoked me with their vanities:

And I will make them jealous with a no-people;

With a foolish nation will I provoke them."

St. Paul comments on this in Romans 10, as proving that Israel was informed of the calling of the Gentiles, and comparesIsaiah 65:1, "I was found of them that sought me not. I made myself manifest unto those that inquired not after me."

Rashi quotes, perhaps not quite inappropriatelyIsaiah 23:13, and gives this explanation, "A no-people,"i.e.,a nation without a name; as it is said, "Behold the land of the Chaldseans:this people was not."

Verse 21. - (Cf.Deuteronomy 5:16.) Because they had moved God to jealousy and provoked him to anger by their vanities, their nothingnesses, mere vapors and empty exhalations (הִבְלָים; cf.Jeremiah 10:6;John 2:8;1 Corinthians 8:4); as they had forsaken him for a no-God, he would send retribution on them by adopting as his a no-people, and giving to a foolish nation,i.e. a nation not before possessed of that true wisdom the beginning of which is the fear of the Lord, the privileges and blessings which Israel had forfeited by their apostasy. By "a no-people" is not to be understood a savage tribe not yet formed into a community, but a people without God, and not recognized by him as in covenant union with him (cf.Romans 10:19;Ephesians 2:12;1 Peter 2:10).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
They
הֵ֚ם(hêm)
Pronoun - third person masculine plural
Strong's 1992:They

have provoked My jealousy
קִנְא֣וּנִי(qin·’ū·nî)
Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person common plural | first person common singular
Strong's 7065:To be, zealous, jealous, envious

by [that which is] not
בְלֹא־(ḇə·lō-)
Preposition-b | Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808:Not, no

God;
אֵ֔ל(’êl)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 410:Strength -- as adjective, mighty, the Almighty

they have enraged Me
כִּעֲס֖וּנִי(ki·‘ă·sū·nî)
Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person common plural | first person common singular
Strong's 3707:To trouble, to grieve, rage, be indignant

with their worthless idols.
בְּהַבְלֵיהֶ֑ם(bə·haḇ·lê·hem)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural
Strong's 1892:Emptiness, vanity, transitory, unsatisfactory

So I
וַאֲנִי֙(wa·’ă·nî)
Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - first person common singular
Strong's 589:I

will make them jealous
אַקְנִיאֵ֣ם(’aq·nî·’êm)
Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - first person common singular | third person masculine plural
Strong's 7065:To be, zealous, jealous, envious

by those who are not
בְּלֹא־(bə·lō-)
Preposition-b | Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808:Not, no

a people;
עָ֔ם(‘ām)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 5971:A people, a tribe, troops, attendants, a flock

I will make them angry
אַכְעִיסֵֽם׃(’aḵ·‘î·sêm)
Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - first person common singular | third person masculine plural
Strong's 3707:To trouble, to grieve, rage, be indignant

by a nation
בְּג֥וֹי(bə·ḡō·w)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 1471:A foreign nation, a Gentile, a troop of animals, a flight of locusts

without understanding.
נָבָ֖ל(nā·ḇāl)
Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 5036:Foolish, senseless


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OT Law: Deuteronomy 32:21 They have moved me to jealousy (Deut. De Du)
Deuteronomy 32:20
Deuteronomy 32:22
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