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◄ Deuteronomy 30:19►
New International Version
This day I call the heavens and the earth as witnesses against you that I have set before you life and death, blessings and curses. Now choose life, so that you and your children may live

New Living Translation
“Today I have given you the choice between life and death, between blessings and curses. Now I call on heaven and earth to witness the choice you make. Oh, that you would choose life, so that you and your descendants might live!

English Standard Version
I call heaven and earth to witness against you today, that I have set before you life and death, blessing and curse. Therefore choose life, that you and your offspring may live,

Berean Standard Bible
I call heaven and earth as witnesses against you today that I have set before you life and death, blessing and cursing. Therefore choose life, so that you and your descendants may live,

King James Bible
I call heaven and earth to record this day against you,that I have set before you life and death, blessing and cursing: therefore choose life, that both thou and thy seed may live:

New King James Version
I call heaven and earth as witnesses today against you,that I have set before you life and death, blessing and cursing; therefore choose life, that both you and your descendants may live;

New American Standard Bible
I call heaven and earth to witness against you today, that I have placed before you life and death, the blessing and the curse. So choose life in order that you may live, you and your descendants,

NASB 1995
“I call heaven and earth to witness against you today, that I have set before you life and death, the blessing and the curse. So choose life in order that you may live, you and your descendants,

NASB 1977
“I call heaven and earth to witness against you today, that I have set before you life and death, the blessing and the curse. So choose life in order that you may live, you and your descendants,

Legacy Standard Bible
I call heaven and earth to witness against you today, that I have set before you life and death, the blessing and the curse. So choose life in order that you may live, you and your seed,

Amplified Bible
I call heaven and earth as witnesses against you today, that I have set before you life and death, the blessing and the curse; therefore, you shall choose life in order that you may live, you and your descendants,

Christian Standard Bible
I call heaven and earth as witnesses against you today that I have set before you life and death, blessing and curse. Choose life so that you and your descendants may live,

Holman Christian Standard Bible
I call heaven and earth as witnesses against you today that I have set before you life and death, blessing and curse. Choose life so that you and your descendants may live,

American Standard Version
I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that I have set before thee life and death, the blessing and the curse: therefore choose life, that thou mayest live, thou and thy seed;

Contemporary English Version
Now I call the sky and the earth to be witnesses that I am offering you this choice. Will you choose for the LORD to make you prosperous and give you a long life? Or will he put you under a curse and kill you? Choose life!

English Revised Version
I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that I have set before thee life and death, the blessing and the curse: therefore choose life, that thou mayest live, thou and thy seed:

GOD'S WORD® Translation
I call on heaven and earth as witnesses today that I have offered you life or death, blessings or curses. Choose life so that you and your descendants will live.

Good News Translation
I am now giving you the choice between life and death, between God's blessing and God's curse, and I call heaven and earth to witness the choice you make. Choose life.

International Standard Version
I call heaven and earth to testify against you today! I've set life and death before you today: both blessings and curses. Choose life, that it may be well with you—you and your children.

NET Bible
Today I invoke heaven and earth as a witness against you that I have set life and death, blessing and curse, before you. Therefore choose life so that you and your descendants may live!

New Heart English Bible
I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that I have set before you life and death, the blessing and the curse: therefore choose life, that you may live, you and your descendants;

Webster's Bible Translation
I call heaven and earth to record this day against you, that I have set before you life and death, blessing and cursing: therefore choose life, that both thou and thy seed may live:
Majority Text Translations
Majority Standard Bible
I call heaven and earth as witnesses against you today that I have set before you life and death, blessing and cursing. Therefore choose life, so that you and your descendants may live,

World English Bible
I call heaven and earth to witness against you today that I have set before you life and death, the blessing and the curse. Therefore choose life, that you may live, you and your descendants,
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
I have caused the heavens and the earth to testify against you today—I have set before you life and death, the blessing and the reviling, and you have fixed on life, so that you live, you and your seed,

Young's Literal Translation
'I have caused to testify against you to-day the heavens and the earth; life and death I have set before thee, the blessing and the reviling; and thou hast fixed on life, so that thou dost live, thou and thy seed,

Smith's Literal Translation
I called to witness against you this day the heavens and the earth, the life and the death I gave before thee, the blessing and the curse: and choose upon life, so that thou shalt live, thou and thy seed:
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
I call heaven and earth to witness this day, that I have set before you life and death, blessing and cursing. Choose therefore life, that both thou and thy seed may live:

Catholic Public Domain Version
I call heaven and earth as witnesses this day, that I have set before you life and death, blessing and curse. Therefore, choose life, so that both you and your offspring may live,

New American Bible
I call heaven and earth today to witness against you: I have set before you life and death, the blessing and the curse. Choose life, then, that you and your descendants may live,

New Revised Standard Version
I call heaven and earth to witness against you today that I have set before you life and death, blessings and curses. Choose life so that you and your descendants may live,
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
I call heaven and earth to bear witness against you this day, that I have set before you life and death, blessings and cursings; therefore choose life, that both you and your descendants may live;

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
I have called Heaven and Earth to witness before you today: life and death I have put before you, a blessing and a curse; choose life for yourself that you shall live, you and your seed.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that I have set before thee life and death, the blessing and the curse; therefore choose life, that thou mayest live, thou and thy seed;

Brenton Septuagint Translation
I call both heaven and earth to witness this day against you, I have set before you life and death, the blessing and the curse: choose thou life, that thou and thy seed may live;

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Choice of Life or Death
…18I declare to you today that you will surely perish; you shall not prolong your days in the land that you are crossing the Jordan to possess.19I call heavenand earthas witnessesagainst youtodaythat I have setbeforeyou lifeand death,blessingand cursing.Therefore chooselife,so thatyouand your descendantsmay live,20and that you may love the LORD your God, obey Him, and hold fast to Him. For He is your life, and He will prolong your life in the land that the LORD swore to give to your fathers, to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.”…

Cross References
Joshua 24:15
But if it is unpleasing in your sight to serve the LORD, then choose for yourselves this day whom you will serve, whether the gods your fathers served beyond the Euphrates, or the gods of the Amorites in whose land you are living. As for me and my house, we will serve the LORD!”

Proverbs 18:21
Life and death are in the power of the tongue, and those who love it will eat its fruit.

John 3:16
For God so loved the world that He gave His one and only Son, that everyone who believes in Him shall not perish but have eternal life.

Romans 6:23
For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.

Matthew 7:13-14
Enter through the narrow gate. For wide is the gate and broad is the way that leads to destruction, and many enter through it. / But small is the gate and narrow the way that leads to life, and only a few find it.

Galatians 6:7-8
Do not be deceived: God is not to be mocked. Whatever a man sows, he will reap in return. / The one who sows to please his flesh, from the flesh will reap destruction; but the one who sows to please the Spirit, from the Spirit will reap eternal life.

1 John 5:11-12
And this is that testimony: God has given us eternal life, and this life is in His Son. / Whoever has the Son has life; whoever does not have the Son of God does not have life.

Ezekiel 18:30-32
Therefore, O house of Israel, I will judge you, each according to his ways, declares the Lord GOD. Repent and turn from all your transgressions, so that your iniquity will not become your downfall. / Cast away from yourselves all the transgressions you have committed, and fashion for yourselves a new heart and a new spirit. Why should you die, O house of Israel? / For I take no pleasure in anyone’s death, declares the Lord GOD. So repent and live!

Jeremiah 21:8
Furthermore, you are to tell this people that this is what the LORD says: ‘Behold, I set before you the way of life and the way of death.

2 Peter 3:9
The Lord is not slow in keeping His promise as some understand slowness, but is patient with you, not wanting anyone to perish but everyone to come to repentance.

Isaiah 55:6-7
Seek the LORD while He may be found; call on Him while He is near. / Let the wicked man forsake his way and the unrighteous man his thoughts; let him return to the LORD, that He may have compassion, and to our God, for He will freely pardon.

Revelation 22:17
The Spirit and the bride say, “Come!” Let the one who hears say, “Come!” And let the one who is thirsty come, and the one who desires the water of life drink freely.

Psalm 1:1-6
Blessed is the man who does not walk in the counsel of the wicked, or set foot on the path of sinners, or sit in the seat of mockers. / But his delight is in the Law of the LORD, and on His law he meditates day and night. / He is like a tree planted by streams of water, yielding its fruit in season, whose leaf does not wither, and who prospers in all he does. ...

Romans 10:9-10
that if you confess with your mouth, “Jesus is Lord,” and believe in your heart that God raised Him from the dead, you will be saved. / For with your heart you believe and are justified, and with your mouth you confess and are saved.

1 Timothy 6:12
Fight the good fight of the faith. Take hold of the eternal life to which you were called when you made the good confession before many witnesses.


Treasury of Scripture

I call heaven and earth to record this day against you, that I have set before you life and death, blessing and cursing: therefore choose life, that both you and your seed may live:

I call heaven (see note on

Deuteronomy 4:26
I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that ye shall soon utterly perish from off the land whereunto ye go over Jordan to possess it; ye shall not prolongyour days upon it, but shall utterly be destroyed.

Deuteronomy 31:28
Gather unto me all the elders of your tribes, and your officers, that I may speak these words in their ears, and call heaven and earth to record against them.

Deuteronomy 32:1
Give ear, O ye heavens, and I will speak; and hear, O earth, the words of my mouth.

that I have

Deuteronomy 20:15
Thus shalt thou do unto all the citieswhich are very far off from thee, whichare not of the cities of these nations.

Deuteronomy 11:26
Behold, I set before you this day a blessing and a curse;

choose life

Joshua 24:15-22
And if it seem evil unto you to serve the LORD, choose you this day whom ye will serve; whether the gods which your fathers served thatwere on the other side of the flood, or the gods of the Amorites, in whose land ye dwell: but as for me and my house, we will serve the LORD…

Psalm 119:30,111,173
I have chosen the way of truth: thy judgments have I laidbefore me…

Proverbs 1:29
For that they hated knowledge, and did not choose the fear of the LORD:

that both thou

Jeremiah 32:39
And I will give them one heart, and one way, that they may fear me for ever, for the good of them, and of their children after them:

Acts 2:39
For the promise is unto you, and to your children, and to all that are afar off,even as many as the Lord our God shall call.

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Deuteronomy 30
1.Great mercies promised unto the penitent
11.The commandment is manifest
15.Death and life are set before them














I call heaven and earth as witnesses against you today
In ancient Near Eastern culture, calling witnesses was a formal way to establish the seriousness of a covenant or agreement. Heaven and earth are invoked as witnesses to emphasize the gravity and universality of the covenant between God and Israel. This phrase underscores the idea that the entire creation is aware of the covenant, highlighting its importance and the accountability it entails. The use of "heaven and earth" as witnesses is also seen in other parts of Scripture, such asIsaiah 1:2, where God calls upon them to hear His case against Israel.

that I have set before you life and death, blessing and cursing.
This phrase presents a clear choice between two paths: obedience to God's commandments, which leads to life and blessing, and disobedience, which results in death and cursing. The dichotomy reflects the covenantal framework established in Deuteronomy, where blessings and curses are detailed in chapters 27 and 28. The choice is not merely about physical life and death but encompasses spiritual and eternal dimensions. This concept is echoed in the New Testament, where Jesus speaks of the narrow and wide gates inMatthew 7:13-14, symbolizing the choice between life and destruction.

Therefore choose life,
The exhortation to "choose life" is a call to action, urging the Israelites to make a deliberate decision to follow God's ways. This choice is not just about individual benefit but is a communal and generational decision that affects the entire nation. The call to choose life is a recurring theme in Scripture, emphasizing human responsibility in responding to God's offer of salvation. InJohn 10:10, Jesus declares that He came to give life abundantly, reinforcing the idea that choosing life is ultimately about choosing a relationship with God through Christ.

so that you and your descendants may live,
The decision to choose life has implications beyond the individual, affecting future generations. This reflects the communal nature of the covenant and the importance of passing down faith and obedience to subsequent generations. The promise of life for descendants ties into the Abrahamic covenant, where God promises to bless Abraham's offspring (Genesis 17:7). It also points to the continuity of God's faithfulness and the enduring nature of His promises. The emphasis on descendants highlights the biblical principle of generational blessing and the responsibility of parents to teach their children God's ways, as seen inDeuteronomy 6:6-7.

Persons / Places / Events
1.Moses
The leader of the Israelites who is delivering God's message to the people. He is urging them to make a choice between life and death, blessing and curse.

2.Israelites
The chosen people of God who are on the brink of entering the Promised Land. They are the recipients of this message and are being called to make a covenantal decision.

3.Heaven and Earth
Invoked as witnesses to the covenant. This reflects the seriousness and solemnity of the choice being presented.

4.Promised Land
The land of Canaan, which the Israelites are about to enter. It represents the fulfillment of God's promise and the context for living out the covenant.

5.Covenant Renewal
The event where Moses is renewing the covenant with the Israelites, reminding them of the blessings of obedience and the curses of disobedience.
Teaching Points
The Power of Choice
God grants us the freedom to choose, but with that freedom comes responsibility. Our choices have profound implications for our lives and the lives of our descendants.

Witnesses to Our Decisions
The invocation of heaven and earth as witnesses underscores the gravity of our decisions. Our choices are not made in isolation but are observed by God and His creation.

Life and Death: A Spiritual Reality
The choice between life and death is not merely physical but deeply spiritual. Choosing life means aligning with God's will and receiving His blessings.

Generational Impact
Our decisions affect not only our lives but also the lives of future generations. Choosing life sets a foundation of faith and blessing for our descendants.

Covenant Faithfulness
The call to choose life is a call to covenant faithfulness. It is a reminder to live in obedience to God's commands and to trust in His promises.
Bible Study Questions and Answers
1.What is the meaning of Deuteronomy 30:19?

2.How does Deuteronomy 30:19 emphasize the importance of choosing life over death?

3.What practical steps can we take to "choose life" daily?

4.How does Deuteronomy 30:19 connect with John 14:6 about choosing life?

5.In what ways can we teach others to "choose life" as instructed here?

6.How can Deuteronomy 30:19 guide our decisions in challenging situations?

7.How does Deuteronomy 30:19 emphasize the importance of choice in one's spiritual journey?

8.What historical context surrounds the message of Deuteronomy 30:19?

9.How does Deuteronomy 30:19 relate to the concept of free will in Christian theology?

10.What are the top 10 Lessons from Deuteronomy 30?

11.If evil is necessary for free will, will free will exist in Heaven without evil?

12.What does choosing life truly mean?

13.What are reasons to choose life over suicide?

14.If free will is real, why do studies show decisions are made before conscious awareness?
What Does Deuteronomy 30:19 Mean
I call heaven and earth

The Lord invokes the entire created order to stand as witness.

• Heaven speaks of the spiritual realm; earth of the physical—together they form an all-encompassing courtroom (Deuteronomy 4:26).

• Isaiah echoes the summons: “Hear, O heavens! Listen, O earth!” (Isaiah 1:2).

• Jesus affirms this enduring testimony: “Until heaven and earth pass away, not a single jot... will disappear from the Law” (Matthew 5:18).

By calling both realms, God underscores that His words are universally binding and eternally recorded.

as witnesses against you today

The audience is placed under solemn, immediate accountability.

• “Gather to Me My saints... and the heavens proclaim His righteousness” (Psalm 50:5-6).

• Moses later repeats the charge: “Assemble... that I may speak these words... and call heaven and earth to witness against them” (Deuteronomy 31:28).

This is not a distant threat but a present reality; the covenant terms are in force “today.”

that I have set before you

God has laid the options plainly on the table; no one can claim ignorance.

• Earlier He declared, “See, I am setting before you today a blessing and a curse” (Deuteronomy 11:26).

• Joshua would echo the freedom God gives: “Choose for yourselves today whom you will serve” (Joshua 24:15).

The phrase shows divine fairness—God reveals His will and allows a genuine choice, holding people responsible for their response.

life and death, blessing and cursing

Two starkly different roads lie open.

•Deuteronomy 28 details each path’s outcomes: obedience brings “abundant prosperity,” disobedience brings “diseases of which you were afraid.”

• Proverbs affirms the principle: “Death and life are in the power of the tongue” (Proverbs 18:21).

• The New Testament restates it: “For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord” (Romans 6:23).

God’s moral universe is binary: trust and obey, or rebel and perish.

Therefore choose life

A loving imperative, not a cold ultimatum.

• The invitation echoes earlier: “If you obey... the LORD your God will bless you” (Deuteronomy 30:16).

• Jesus personifies the offer: “I have come that they may have life, and have it in all its fullness” (John 10:10).

• Revelation closes Scripture with the same open door: “Let the one who is thirsty come; and let the one who desires the water of life freely drink” (Revelation 22:17).

Choosing life means embracing God’s covenant, submitting to His Word, and, ultimately, receiving the life offered in Christ.

so that you and your descendants may live

Our decisions ripple through generations.

• Commandment promise: God shows “loving devotion to a thousand generations of those who love Me and keep My commandments” (Exodus 20:6).

• “Blessed is the man who fears the LORD... His descendants will be mighty in the land” (Psalm 112:1-2).

• The Philippian jailer heard, “Believe in the Lord Jesus, and you will be saved—you and your household” (Acts 16:31).

Faithful obedience secures life not only for ourselves but also as a legacy for our children.

summary

Deuteronomy 30:19 presents a cosmic courtroom where heaven and earth hear God lay out two paths: life with blessing or death with curse. Because God has revealed the options clearly, the responsibility lies with each person to respond. Choosing life—expressed in loving obedience and ultimately fulfilled in Christ—secures God’s favor for us and influences generations after us.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
I call heaven
הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם(haš·šā·ma·yim)
Article | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 8064:Heaven, sky

and earth
הָאָרֶץ֒(hā·’ā·reṣ)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 776:Earth, land

as witnesses
הַעִידֹ֨תִי(ha·‘î·ḏō·ṯî)
Verb - Hifil - Perfect - first person common singular
Strong's 5749:To duplicate, repeat, to protest, testify, to encompass, restore

against you
בָכֶ֣ם(ḇā·ḵem)
Preposition | second person masculine plural
Strong's Hebrew

today
הַיּוֹם֮(hay·yō·wm)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 3117:A day

that I have set
נָתַ֣תִּי(nā·ṯat·tî)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular
Strong's 5414:To give, put, set

before
לְפָנֶ֔יךָ(lə·p̄ā·ne·ḵā)
Preposition-l | Noun - common plural construct | second person masculine singular
Strong's 6440:The face

you life
הַחַיִּ֤ים(ha·ḥay·yîm)
Article | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 2416:Alive, raw, fresh, strong, life

and death,
וְהַמָּ֙וֶת֙(wə·ham·mā·weṯ)
Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4194:Death, the dead, their place, state, pestilence, ruin

blessing
הַבְּרָכָ֖ה(hab·bə·rā·ḵāh)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 1293:Benediction, prosperity

and cursing.
וְהַקְּלָלָ֑ה(wə·haq·qə·lā·lāh)
Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 7045:Vilification

So choose
וּבָֽחַרְתָּ֙(ū·ḇā·ḥar·tā)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular
Strong's 977:To try, select

life,
בַּֽחַיִּ֔ים(ba·ḥay·yîm)
Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 2416:Alive, raw, fresh, strong, life

so that
לְמַ֥עַן(lə·ma·‘an)
Conjunction
Strong's 4616:Purpose -- intent

you
אַתָּ֥ה(’at·tāh)
Pronoun - second person masculine singular
Strong's 859:Thou and thee, ye and you

and your descendants
וְזַרְעֶֽךָ׃(wə·zar·‘e·ḵā)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular
Strong's 2233:Seed, fruit, plant, sowing-time, posterity

may live,
תִּחְיֶ֖ה(tiḥ·yeh)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular
Strong's 2421:To live, to revive


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OT Law: Deuteronomy 30:19 I call heaven and earth to witness (Deut. De Du)
Deuteronomy 30:18
Deuteronomy 30:20
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