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(17)Heman . . . Asaph . . . Ethan (or Jeduthun) were the precentors of David’s three choirs of Levitical minstrels (1Chronicles 6:31-44). Heman was of Kohath, and Asaph of Gershon, as Ethan of Merari.

15:1-24 Wise and good men may be guilty of oversights, which they will correct, as soon as they are aware of them. David does not try to justify what had been done amiss, nor to lay the blame on others; but he owns himself guilty, with others, of not seeking God in due order#REF!#REF!16-24. David spake to the chief of the Levites to appoint … the singers with instruments—These eminent Levites were instructed to train the musicians and singers who were under them, for the solemn procession. The performers were ranged in three choirs or bands, and the names of the principal leaders are given (1Ch 15:17, 18, 21), with the instruments respectively used by each. "Ben" (1Ch 15:18) is omitted (1Ch 15:20). Either it was used merely as a common noun, to intimate that Zechariah was the son of Jaaziel or Aziel, or Ben is the same as Azaziah [1Ch 15:21]. No text from Poole on this verse.

So the Levites appointed Heman the son of Joel,.... The grandson of Samuel the prophet,1 Chronicles 6:33.

and of his brethren, Asaph the son of Berechiah; a famous singer, often mentioned in the Psalms,1 Chronicles 6:39.

and of the sons of Merari their brethren, Ethan the son of Kushaiah; the same with the son of Kishi,1 Chronicles 6:44, these were the chief of the singers.

So the Levites appointed Heman the son of Joel; and of his brethren, Asaph the son of Berechiah; and of the sons of Merari their brethren, Ethan the son of Kushaiah;

17.Herman the son of Joel] a descendant of Samuel the prophet;1 Chronicles 6:33 (1 Chronicles 6:18, Heb.). Cp. Psalms 88 (title). AsHeman was descended from Kohath,Asaph from Gershom, andEthan from Merari, each division of the Levites was represented by a chief musician.Heman was king’s seer (1 Chronicles 25:5).

Asaph the son of Berechiah] a descendant of Gershom;1 Chronicles 6:39-43 (24–28, Heb.). Asaph was the chief of the musicians;1 Chronicles 16:5;1 Chronicles 16:7. One of the small collections of Psalms from which our Psalter was compiled was named after him; cp. the titles of Psalms 50, 73-83.

Ethan the son of Kushaiah] a descendant of Merari;1 Chronicles 6:44-47. Cp. Psalms 89 (title). He is apparently calledJeduthun in1 Chronicles 25:1-6.

1 Chronicles 15:17David gave the princes of the Levites a further charge to appoint singers with musical instruments for the solemn procession, which they accordingly did. שׁיר כּלי, instruments to accompany the song. In1 Chronicles 15:16 three kinds of these are named: נבלים, nablia, ψαλτήρια, which Luther has translated by psalter, corresponds to the Arabic santir, which is an oblong box with a broad bottom and a somewhat convex sounding-board, over which strings of wire are stretched; an instrument something like the cithara. כּנּרות, harps, more properly lutes, as this instrument more resembled our lute than the harp, and corresponded to the Arabic catgut instrument el ‛ûd (l-cûd); cf. Wetzstein in Delitzsch, Isaiah, S. 702, der 2 Aufl., where, however, the statement that the santir is essentially the same as the old German cymbal, vulgo Hackebrett, is incorrect, and calculated to bring confusion into the matter, for the cymbal was an instrument provided with a small bell. מצלתּים, the later word for צלצלים, cymbals, castanets; see on2 Samuel 6:5. משׁמיעים does not belong to the three before-mentioned instruments (Berth.), but, as is clear from1 Chronicles 15:19,1 Chronicles 15:28,1 Chronicles 16:5,1 Chronicles 16:42, undoubtedly only to מצלתּים (Bttcher, Neue krit. Aehrenlese, iii. S. 223); but the meaning is not "modulating," but "sounding clear or loud," - according to the proper meaning of the word, to make to hear. The infinitive clause וגו להרים belongs to the preceding sentence: "in order to heighten the sound (both of the song and of the instrumental music) to joy," i.e., to the expression of joy. לשׂימחה is frequently used to express festive joy: cf.1 Chronicles 15:25,2 Chronicles 23:18;2 Chronicles 29:30; but also as early as in2 Samuel 6:12;1 Samuel 18:6;Judges 16:23, etc. - In1 Chronicles 15:17,1 Chronicles 15:18 the names of the singers and players are introduced; then in1 Chronicles 15:19-21 they are named in connection with the instruments they played; and finally, in1 Chronicles 15:22-24, the other Levites and priests who took part in the celebration are mentioned. The three chief singers, the Kohathite Heman, the Gershonite Asaph, and the Merarite Ethan, form the first class. See on1 Chronicles 6:33,1 Chronicles 6:39, and1 Chronicles 6:44. To the second class (המּשׁנים, cf. המּשׁנה,2 Kings 23:4) belonged thirteen or fourteen persons, for in1 Chronicles 15:21 an Azaziah is named in the last series who is omitted in1 Chronicles 15:18; and it is more probable that his name has been dropped out of1 Chronicles 15:18 than that it came into our text,1 Chronicles 15:21, by an error. In1 Chronicles 15:18 בּן comes in after זכריהוּ by an error or transcription, as we learn from the w before the following name, and from a comparison of1 Chronicles 15:20 and1 Chronicles 15:25. The name יעזיאל is in1 Chronicles 15:20 written עזיאל, Yodh being rejected; and in1 Chronicles 16:5 it is יעיאל, which is probably only a transcriber's error, since יעיאל occurs along with it both in1 Chronicles 15:18 and in1 Chronicles 16:5. The names Benaiah and Maaseiah, which are repeated in1 Chronicles 15:20, have been there transposed. All the other names in vv.18 and 20 coincide.1 Chronicles 15:17 Interlinear
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