In the third chapter of 2 Peter, the apostle Peter urgently reminds his readers about the prophecies concerning the day of the Lord and the importance of maintaining a godly lifestyle. He presents this as a challenge to the false teachers and scoffers who doubt the promise of Christ's second coming.
• Date: Mid‐60s AD.
• Recipients: The same scattered believers addressed in 1 Peter (parts of Asia Minor). Peter views them as needing steady reminders rather than brand-new information.
1. Stir up pure thinking rooted in Scripture.
2. Expose false teachers and scoffers.
3. Reassure believers of Christ’s certain return and final judgment.
4. Call Christians to live holy, expectant lives.
• Scoffers deny supernatural intervention in history; Peter answers with two events all people must admit were divine: Creation (Genesis 1) and the global Flood (Genesis 6–9).
• Flood: God once judged through water—fossil records, ancient flood stories, and marine deposits on high continents all line up with a worldwide deluge.
• Peter recognizes Paul’s writings as “Scripture,” showing that by the 60s AD the church already viewed apostolic letters as inspired.
• Some twist these writings; “untaught” and “unstable” hearts still do, ignoring clear salvation by grace (Ephesians 2:8-9) and twisting freedom into license (Romans 6:1-2).
• Rome’s persecution (Nero, AD 64) may form the backdrop—fire imagery would hit home.
• Catastrophic flood legends on every continent echo Genesis accounts.
• Discovery of water-laid sediment covering fossils across vast areas supports rapid, large-scale water action rather than slow processes.
• The apostle Peter’s crucifixion (likely upside down, according to early church tradition) seals his credibility; he spoke boldly about judgment knowing his own end was near.
• “Scoffers” (v. 3) – those who mock what they refuse to understand.
• “Reserved” (v. 7) – held under guard by God’s word, showing certainty.
• “Elements” (v. 10) – the building blocks of matter; everything physical will be affected.
• “Look forward” (v. 12) – eager anticipation, not passive waiting.
• “Grow” (v. 18) – continual, active progress in both grace and knowledge.
• Truth matters—keep returning to the prophets and apostles.
• God keeps every promise, whether of salvation or judgment.
• Patience is not weakness; it is mercy.
• Live today as people who have peeked into tomorrow: holy, peaceful, diligent, growing.
Connections to Additional Scriptures
Matthew 24:42-44Jesus' teaching on being watchful for His return.
1 Thessalonians 5:2-6Paul's exhortation to be alert and sober, as the day of the Lord will come like a thief in the night.
Revelation 21:1The promise of a new heaven and a new earth.
Teaching Points
The Promise of His ComingPeter reminds believers of the promise of Christ's return, emphasizing that God's timing is different from ours. But do not forget this one thing, beloved: With the Lord a day is like a thousand years, and a thousand years are like a day (
2 Peter 3:8).
The Certainty of JudgmentPeter warns that the heavens and earth will be destroyed by fire, and everything will be laid bare. But the day of the Lord will come like a thief. The heavens will disappear with a roar, the elements will be destroyed by fire, and the earth and its works will be laid bare (
2 Peter 3:10).
Call to Holy LivingIn light of the coming judgment, Peter urges believers to live holy and godly lives. Since everything will be destroyed in this way, what kind of people ought you to be? You ought to conduct yourselves in holiness and godliness (
2 Peter 3:11).
God's Patience and Desire for RepentanceGod's delay in judgment is an expression of His patience, not wanting anyone to perish. The Lord is not slow to fulfill His promise as some understand slowness, but is patient with you, not wanting anyone to perish but everyone to come to repentance (
2 Peter 3:9).
Practical Applications
Live with Eternal PerspectiveFocus on living a life that reflects eternal values, knowing that this world is temporary.
Pursue HolinessMake conscious efforts to live a life that is pleasing to God, striving for holiness in all areas.
Share the GospelUse the time God has given to share the message of salvation with others, understanding His desire for all to come to repentance.
Stay Alert and PreparedBe spiritually vigilant and prepared for Christ's return, living each day as if it could be the last.
People
1.
BelovedThis term is used by Peter to address the recipients of his letter. It reflects a deep affection and concern for fellow believers. The Greek word used here is "ἀγαπητοί" (agapetoi), which signifies those who are dearly loved.
2.
ScoffersThese are individuals who mock or ridicule the promises of God, particularly the promise of Christ's return. In
2 Peter 3:3, it states, "Above all, you must understand that in the last days scoffers will come, scoffing and following their own evil desires." The Greek term "ἐμπαῖκται" (empaiktai) is used, indicating those who deride or mock.
3.
FathersThis term refers to the patriarchs or ancestors of the faith. In
2 Peter 3:4, the scoffers question, "Where is the promise of His coming? For ever since the fathers fell asleep, everything continues as it has from the beginning of creation." The Greek word "πατέρες" (pateres) is used, which can denote forefathers or ancestors.
4.
LordThis refers to Jesus Christ, whose return is the subject of the chapter. In
2 Peter 3:8, it says, "But do not let this one fact escape your notice, beloved, that with the Lord a day is like a thousand years, and a thousand years are like a day." The Greek word "Κύριος" (Kyrios) is used, signifying authority and divinity.
5.
Apostle PaulPeter refers to Paul in
2 Peter 3:15-16, acknowledging the wisdom given to him and the letters he wrote. It states, "Just as our beloved brother Paul also wrote you with the wisdom God gave him." The Greek name "Παῦλος" (Paulos) is used.
6.
Lawless MenThese are individuals who distort the Scriptures to their own destruction. In
2 Peter 3:17, Peter warns, "Therefore, beloved, since you already know these things, be on your guard so that you will not be carried away by the error of the lawless and fall from your secure standing." The Greek term "ἄθεσμοι" (athesmoi) is used, meaning those who are without law or unruly.
Places
1.
Heaven(s)The term "heaven" or "heavens" is mentioned multiple times in this chapter. In
2 Peter 3:5, it refers to the creation of the heavens by God's word. In
2 Peter 3:7, it speaks of the present heavens being reserved for fire. The Greek word used here is "οὐρανοί" (ouranoi), which can mean the sky, the universe, or the dwelling place of God.
2.
EarthThe earth is mentioned in conjunction with the heavens. In
2 Peter 3:5, it refers to the earth being formed out of water and by water. In
2 Peter 3:7, it is noted that the present earth is reserved for fire. The Greek word for earth is "γῆ" (gē), which can mean land, ground, or the entire planet.
3.
World of that timeIn
2 Peter 3:6, it refers to the world that existed before the flood, which was destroyed by water. The Greek term used is "κόσμος" (kosmos), often translated as "world," indicating the ordered system or the inhabited earth.
4.
New Heavens and New EarthIn
2 Peter 3:13, there is a promise of "new heavens and a new earth" where righteousness dwells. This reflects the eschatological hope for a renewed creation. The Greek words are "καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς" (kainous ouranous) and "γῆν καινήν" (gēn kainēn), emphasizing the newness and renewal of creation.
Events
1.
Reminder of the Prophets and CommandmentPeter begins by reminding the readers of the words spoken by the holy prophets and the commandment of the Lord and Savior through the apostles. This serves as a call to remember the teachings and prophecies that have been given (
2 Peter 3:1-2).
2.
Warning of ScoffersPeter warns that in the last days, scoffers will come, following their own evil desires and questioning the promise of Christ's coming. The Greek term "ἐμπαῖκται" (empaiktai) refers to mockers or scoffers who ridicule the faith (
2 Peter 3:3-4).
3.
Deliberate Forgetfulness of Creation and the FloodThe scoffers deliberately forget that by God's word the heavens existed long ago, and the earth was formed out of water and by water. This refers to the creation account and the flood, emphasizing God's sovereign power (
2 Peter 3:5-6).
4.
The Heavens and Earth Reserved for FirePeter explains that the present heavens and earth are reserved for fire, being kept for the day of judgment and destruction of ungodly men. The Greek word "τεθησαυρισμένοι" (tethēsaurismenoi) implies being stored up or reserved (
2 Peter 3:7).
5.
God's Perception of TimePeter reminds the readers that with the Lord, a day is like a thousand years, and a thousand years are like a day. This highlights God's eternal perspective and patience (
2 Peter 3:8).
6.
The Lord's Patience and Desire for RepentanceThe Lord is not slow in keeping His promise, but is patient, not wanting anyone to perish but everyone to come to repentance. The Greek word "μακροθυμεῖ" (makrothymei) indicates long-suffering or patience (
2 Peter 3:9).
7.
The Day of the LordThe day of the Lord will come like a thief, in which the heavens will disappear with a roar, the elements will be destroyed by fire, and the earth and its works will be laid bare. This event emphasizes the sudden and transformative nature of the Lord's return (
2 Peter 3:10).
8.
Call to Holy Conduct and GodlinessIn light of the coming destruction, Peter urges believers to live holy and godly lives, looking forward to the day of God and hastening its coming. The Greek word "σπουδάζοντας" (spoudazontas) suggests earnestness or diligence (
2 Peter 3:11-12).
9.
Promise of New Heavens and a New EarthAccording to God's promise, believers are looking forward to a new heaven and a new earth, where righteousness dwells. This promise provides hope and assurance of God's ultimate plan (
2 Peter 3:13).
10.
Final Exhortation to Be Found BlamelessPeter concludes with an exhortation for believers to be diligent to be found by Him in peace, spotless and blameless. The Greek word "ἄσπιλοι" (aspiloi) means without spot, emphasizing purity (
2 Peter 3:14).
11.
Paul's Writings and the ScripturesPeter acknowledges the wisdom given to Paul and refers to his letters, which some distort as they do the other Scriptures. This affirms the authority of Paul's writings as part of Scripture (
2 Peter 3:15-16).
12.
Warning Against Lawlessness and Encouragement to GrowPeter warns against being led astray by the error of lawless men and encourages believers to grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. The Greek word "φυλάσσεσθε" (phylassesthe) means to guard or keep oneself (
2 Peter 3:17-18).
Lessons from 2 Peter 3
1. Remember the Words of the Prophets and Apostles
In2 Peter 3:2, we are reminded to "recall the words spoken in the past by the holy prophets and the commandment of our Lord and Savior through your apostles." This is a call to anchor ourselves in the truth of Scripture, which is consistent and unchanging. By immersing ourselves in the Bible, we can navigate life's challenges with wisdom and clarity, knowing that God's Word is a reliable guide.
2. Be Aware of Scoffers
Peter warns us in2 Peter 3:3-4 that "scoffers will come in the last days with scoffing, following their own sinful desires." These individuals will question the promise of Christ's return, but we must stand firm in our faith. Recognize that skepticism is part of the spiritual landscape, and use it as an opportunity to deepen your understanding and commitment to the truth.
3. God's Timing is Perfect
In2 Peter 3:8, we are reminded that "with the Lord a day is like a thousand years, and a thousand years are like a day." God's timing is not our timing, and His plans unfold according to His perfect wisdom. Trust in His timing, knowing that He is sovereign and His purposes will be fulfilled in due course.
4. The Lord's Patience is Salvation
Peter emphasizes in2 Peter 3:9 that "the Lord is not slow in keeping His promise, as some understand slowness. Instead, He is patient with you, not wanting anyone to perish, but everyone to come to repentance." God's patience is an expression of His love and desire for all to be saved. Use this time to share the Gospel and encourage others to turn to Christ.
5. The Day of the Lord Will Come Unexpectedly
2 Peter 3:10 tells us that "the day of the Lord will come like a thief." This serves as a reminder to live each day with readiness and anticipation. We should be vigilant in our faith, always prepared for Christ's return, and living in a way that honors Him.
6. Live Holy and Godly Lives
In light of the coming day of the Lord, Peter urges us in2 Peter 3:11 to "live holy and godly lives." Our conduct should reflect our faith, setting us apart as followers of Christ. Strive for holiness in your daily actions, knowing that your life is a testimony to the transformative power of the Gospel.
7. Look Forward to a New Heaven and a New Earth
Peter paints a hopeful picture in2 Peter 3:13, where he writes, "But in keeping with His promise we are looking forward to a new heaven and a new earth, where righteousness dwells." This promise gives us hope and perspective, reminding us that our ultimate home is with God in a place of perfect righteousness.
8. Be Diligent and at Peace
In2 Peter 3:14, we are encouraged to "make every effort to be found spotless, blameless, and at peace with Him." This involves a proactive approach to our spiritual lives, seeking to grow in faith and maintain a peaceful relationship with God. Let this diligence be a source of strength and assurance.
9. Understand the Scriptures Correctly
Peter warns in2 Peter 3:16 about those who distort the Scriptures to their own destruction. It is crucial to approach the Bible with humility and a desire for truth, seeking guidance from the Holy Spirit and sound teaching. This will help us avoid misunderstandings and grow in our knowledge of God.
10. Grow in Grace and Knowledge
Finally,2 Peter 3:18 encourages us to "grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ." This growth is a lifelong journey, fueled by prayer, study, and fellowship with other believers. As we deepen our relationship with Christ, we become more effective witnesses to His love and truth.
Topics
1.
Reminder of the Prophets and Apostles (2 Peter 3:1-2)Peter emphasizes the importance of remembering the words spoken by the holy prophets and the commandment of the Lord and Savior through the apostles. This serves as a call to adhere to the teachings and prophecies that have been passed down. The Greek word "μνησθῆναι" (mnēsthēnai) is used, meaning "to remember" or "to recall."
2.
The Coming of Scoffers (2 Peter 3:3-4)Peter warns that in the last days, scoffers will come, questioning the promise of Christ's return. They will follow their own evil desires, doubting the continuity of creation. The term "ἐμπαῖκται" (empaiktai) refers to mockers or scoffers, highlighting their dismissive attitude.
3.
The Deliberate Forgetfulness of Creation and the Flood (2 Peter 3:5-7)Peter points out that these scoffers deliberately forget that the heavens and earth were formed by God's word and that the world was once destroyed by water. The Greek word "λανθάνει" (lanthanei) means "to escape notice," indicating a willful ignorance.
4.
The Lord's Patience and the Day of the Lord (2 Peter 3:8-10)Peter explains that the Lord is not slow in keeping His promise but is patient, not wanting anyone to perish. The "Day of the Lord" will come unexpectedly, like a thief. The Greek "μακροθυμεῖ" (makrothymei) means "is patient," reflecting God's longsuffering nature.
5.
The Call to Holy Conduct (2 Peter 3:11-13)In light of the coming destruction of the heavens and earth, believers are urged to live holy and godly lives, looking forward to a new heaven and a new earth. The Greek "ποταποὺς" (potapous) means "what kind" or "what manner of," emphasizing the quality of life expected.
6.
Final Exhortation and Warning (2 Peter 3:14-18)Peter concludes with an exhortation to be diligent, at peace, and blameless, while also warning against being led astray by the error of lawless men. The Greek "σπουδάσατε" (spoudasate) means "be diligent," underscoring the effort required to remain steadfast.
Themes
1.
Reminder of the Prophets and ApostlesPeter emphasizes the importance of remembering the words spoken by the holy prophets and the commandment of the Lord and Savior through the apostles. This theme underscores the continuity and authority of Scripture.
^“Beloved, this is now my second letter to you. Both of them are reminders to stir you to wholesome thinking by recalling what was foretold by the holy prophets and commanded by our Lord and Savior through your apostles.”^ (
2 Peter 3:1-2)
2.
The Scoffers and Their DoubtThe presence of scoffers in the last days is highlighted, who question the promise of Christ’s return. This theme addresses the skepticism and mockery faced by believers.
^“Above all, you must understand that in the last days scoffers will come, scoffing and following their own evil desires. ‘Where is the promise of His coming?’ they will ask.”^ (
2 Peter 3:3-4)
3.
God’s Creation and JudgmentPeter reminds readers of God’s past acts of creation and judgment, particularly the flood, as evidence of His power and the certainty of future judgment.
^“But they deliberately overlook the fact that long ago by God’s word the heavens existed and the earth was formed out of water and by water, through which the world of that time perished in the flood.”^ (
2 Peter 3:5-6)
4.
The Day of the LordThe certainty and suddenness of the Day of the Lord are emphasized, when the heavens will pass away and the earth will be laid bare. This theme highlights the eschatological focus of the chapter.
^“But the Day of the Lord will come like a thief. The heavens will disappear with a roar, the elements will be destroyed by fire, and the earth and its works will be laid bare.”^ (
2 Peter 3:10)
5.
Call to Holy LivingIn light of the coming judgment, believers are urged to live holy and godly lives, looking forward to the new heavens and a new earth. This theme stresses ethical conduct and hope.
^“Since everything will be destroyed in this way, what kind of people ought you to be? You ought to conduct yourselves in holiness and godliness.”^ (
2 Peter 3:11)
6.
God’s Patience and Desire for RepentanceGod’s patience is portrayed as an opportunity for repentance, reflecting His desire for none to perish. This theme underscores God’s mercy and long-suffering.
^“The Lord is not slow to fulfill His promise as some understand slowness, but is patient with you, not wanting anyone to perish but everyone to come to repentance.”^ (
2 Peter 3:9)
7.
Stability in the TruthPeter warns against being led astray by error and encourages believers to grow in grace and knowledge. This theme emphasizes the importance of doctrinal stability and spiritual growth.
^“Therefore, beloved, since you already know these things, be on your guard so that you will not be carried away by the error of the lawless and fall from your secure standing.”^ (
2 Peter 3:17)
Prayer Points
Thanksgiving for God's PatienceThank God for His patience and desire for all to come to repentance.
Commitment to Holiness
Pray for strength and commitment to live a holy and godly life.
Boldness in Evangelism
Ask for boldness and opportunities to share the Gospel with others.
Readiness for Christ's Return
Pray for a heart that is always ready and eager for the return of Christ.
Answering Tough Questions
1.
2 Peter 3:3–4: Is the repeated delay of Christ’s return proof this prophecy isn’t true?2.2 Peter 3:5–6: How can the global flood claims be squared with geological and historical evidence?
3.2 Peter 3:7: Does the idea of a future fiery destruction conflict with modern cosmology?
4.2 Peter 3:8–9: Does the flexible view of time here undermine the urgency of the message?
5.2 Peter 3:10: Is the total annihilation of the earth by fire scientifically plausible, or just an ancient myth?
Bible Study Discussion Questions
1. Why does Peter stress the importance of reminders in verses 1-2?
2. How do the scoffers mentioned in verses 3-4 relate to our modern society? Are there similar attitudes we see today?
3. How does the history of the creation and the flood (verses 5-7) serve as a warning for the future judgement?
4. How does God's patience as explained in verses 8-9 comfort you, and how does it challenge you?
5. What does the "Day of the Lord" mean to you personally? (verses 10-13)
6. How does the promise of a new heaven and a new earth shape your understanding of the future?
7. How can we live our lives to "speed its coming" as mentioned in verse 12?
8. How can you practically strive to be "spotless, blameless, and at peace with Him" as encouraged in verse 14?
9. In verse 15, Peter calls Paul’s writings scripture. What does this tell you about the early church’s view of apostolic writings?
10. How can we guard against the distortion of Scriptures as cautioned in verse 16?
11. How does Peter's warning against falling from our secure position (verse 17) apply in our spiritual lives today?
12. What does "growing in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ" mean to you in practical terms?
13. How can the knowledge of the eventual destruction of the world impact how we live today?
14. How does God's patience give us a mission in our world?
15. How can we prepare ourselves for the "Day of the Lord" in our daily lives?
16. What changes might you need to make in your life to live more in line with the future reality of the new heavens and the new earth?
17. How can we promote spiritual growth in our communities, reflecting verse 18?
18. How can the truths in this chapter equip us to handle scoffers or doubters we encounter?
19. How does the promise of God's coming judgement influence your view of justice?
20. How does this chapter inspire you to spread the gospel and encourage repentance in others?
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