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◄ 2 Samuel 23:1►
New International Version
These are the last words of David: “The inspired utterance of David son of Jesse, the utterance of the man exalted by the Most High, the man anointed by the God of Jacob, the hero of Israel’s songs:

New Living Translation
These are the last words of David: “David, the son of Jesse, speaks— David, the man who was raised up so high, David, the man anointed by the God of Jacob, David, the sweet psalmist of Israel.

English Standard Version
Now these are the last words of David: The oracle of David, the son of Jesse, the oracle of the man who was raised on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, the sweet psalmist of Israel:

Berean Standard Bible
These are the last words of David: “The oracle of David son of Jesse, the oracle of the man raised on high, the one anointed by the God of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel:

King James Bible
Now thesebe the last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the manwho was raised up on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel, said,

New King James Version
Now theseare the last words of David.Thus says David the son of Jesse;Thus says the man raised up on high, The anointed of the God of Jacob, And the sweet psalmist of Israel:

New American Standard Bible
Now these are the last words of David. David the son of Jesse declares, The man who was raised on high, The anointed of the God of Jacob And the sweet psalmist of Israel, declares,

NASB 1995
Now these are the last words of David. David the son of Jesse declares, The man who was raised on high declares, The anointed of the God of Jacob, And the sweet psalmist of Israel,

NASB 1977
Now these are the last words of David. David the son of Jesse declares, And the man who was raised on high declares, The anointed of the God of Jacob, And the sweet psalmist of Israel,

Legacy Standard Bible
Now these are the last words of David. David the son of Jesse declares, The man who was raised on high declares, The anointed of the God of Jacob, And the sweet psalmist of Israel,

Amplified Bible
Now these are the last words of David. David the son of Jesse declares, The man who was raised on high declares, The anointed of the God of Jacob, And the sweet psalmist of Israel,

Christian Standard Bible
These are the last words of David: The declaration of David son of Jesse, the declaration of the man raised on high, the one anointed by the God of Jacob. This is the most delightful of Israel’s songs.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
These are the last words of David: The declaration of David son of Jesse, the declaration of the man raised on high, the one anointed by the God of Jacob, the favorite singer of Israel:

American Standard Version
Now these are the last words of David. David the son of Jesse saith, And the man who was raised on high saith, The anointed of the God of Jacob, And the sweet psalmist of Israel:

Contemporary English Version
These are the last words of David the son of Jesse. The God of Jacob chose David and made him a great king. The Mighty God of Israel loved him. When God told him to speak, David said:

English Revised Version
Now these be the last words of David. David the son of Jesse saith, and the man who was raised on high saith, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel:

GOD'S WORD® Translation
These are the last words of David: "Here is the declaration by David, son of Jesse- the declaration by the man whom God raised up, whom the God of Jacob anointed, the singer of Israel's psalms:

Good News Translation
David son of Jesse was the man whom God made great, whom the God of Jacob chose to be king, and who was the composer of beautiful songs for Israel. These are David's last words:

International Standard Version
This was David's last composition: The oracle of David, son of Jesse, an oracle by the valiant one who was exalted— anointed by the God of Jacob, the contented psalm writer of Israel.

NET Bible
These are the final words of David: "The oracle of David son of Jesse, the oracle of the man raised up as the ruler chosen by the God of Jacob, Israel's beloved singer of songs:

New Heart English Bible
Now these are the last words of David. David the son of Jesse says, the man whom God raised up, the anointed of the God of Jacob, the sweet psalmist of Israel:

Webster's Bible Translation
Now these are the last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the man who was raised on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel, said,
Majority Text Translations
Majority Standard Bible
These are the last words of David: “The oracle of David son of Jesse, the oracle of the man raised on high, the one anointed by the God of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel:

World English Bible
Now these are the last words of David. David the son of Jesse says, the man who was raised on high says, the anointed of the God of Jacob, the sweet psalmist of Israel:
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And these [are] the last words of David: “A declaration of David son of Jesse, "" And a declaration of the man raised up—Concerning the anointed of the God of Jacob, "" And the sweetness of the songs of Israel:

Young's Literal Translation
And these are the last words of David: -- 'The affirmation of David son of Jesse -- And the affirmation of the man raised up -- Concerning the Anointed of the God of Jacob, And the Sweetness of the Songs of Israel:

Smith's Literal Translation
And these the last words of David. The declaration of David, son of Jesse, and the declaration of the man raised up for the Messiah of the God of Jacob, and the sweet songs of Israel.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Now these are David's last words. David the son of Isai said: The man to whom it was appointed concerning the Christ of the God of Jacob, the excellent psalmist of Israel said:

Catholic Public Domain Version
These are the last words of David. Now David, the son of Jesse, the man to whom it was appointed concerning the Christ of the God of Jacob, the preeminent psalmist of Israel said:

New American Bible
These are the last words of David: The oracle of David, son of Jesse; the oracle of the man God raised up, Anointed of the God of Jacob, favorite of the Mighty One of Israel.

New Revised Standard Version
Now these are the last words of David: The oracle of David, son of Jesse, the oracle of the man whom God exalted, the anointed of the God of Jacob, the favorite of the Strong One of Israel:
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
NOW these are the last words of David. David the son of Jesse, the anointed one whose rule has been established, the one whom the God of Jacob has made the sweet psalmist of Israel said,

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
These are the last words of David. David said, the son of Iyshay said, the man who lifted up the yoke beam of his Messiah and the God of Yaqub, composing the sweet Psalms of Israel*
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
Now these are the last words of David: The saying of David the son of Jesse, And the saying of the man raised on high, The anointed of the God of Jacob, And the sweet singer of Israel:

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And theseare the last words of David. Faithfulis David the son of Jessae, and faithful the man whom the Lord raised up to be the anointed of the God of Jacob, and beautifulare the psalms of Israel.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
David's Last Song
1Theseare the lastwordsof David:“The oracleof Davidsonof Jesse,the oracleof the manraisedon high,the one anointedby the Godof Jacob,and the sweetpsalmistof Israel:2The Spirit of the LORD spoke through me; His word was on my tongue.…

Cross References
Psalm 72:20
Thus conclude the prayers of David son of Jesse.

1 Samuel 16:13
So Samuel took the horn of oil and anointed him in the presence of his brothers, and the Spirit of the LORD rushed upon David from that day forward. Then Samuel set out and went to Ramah.

1 Chronicles 16:7
On that day David first committed to Asaph and his associates this song of thanksgiving to the LORD:

1 Kings 2:1-2
As the time drew near for David to die, he charged his son Solomon, / “I am about to go the way of all the earth. So be strong and prove yourself a man.

1 Chronicles 29:28
He died at a ripe old age, full of years, riches, and honor, and his son Solomon reigned in his place.

Acts 2:29-30
Brothers, I can tell you with confidence that the patriarch David died and was buried, and his tomb is with us to this day. / But he was a prophet and knew that God had promised him on oath that He would place one of his descendants on his throne.

1 Samuel 13:14
But now your kingdom will not endure; the LORD has sought a man after His own heart and appointed him ruler over His people, because you have not kept the command of the LORD.”

1 Kings 3:7
And now, O LORD my God, You have made Your servant king in my father David’s place. But I am only a little child, not knowing how to go out or come in.

1 Chronicles 17:7
Now then, you are to tell My servant David that this is what the LORD of Hosts says: I took you from the pasture, from following the flock, to be the ruler over My people Israel.

Psalm 89:20
I have found My servant David; with My sacred oil I have anointed him.

Acts 13:22
After removing Saul, He raised up David as their king and testified about him: ‘I have found David son of Jesse a man after My own heart; he will carry out My will in its entirety.’

1 Samuel 17:12
Now David was the son of a man named Jesse, an Ephrathite from Bethlehem of Judah who had eight sons. And in the days of Saul, Jesse was old and well along in years.

1 Kings 1:39
Zadok the priest took the horn of oil from the tabernacle and anointed Solomon. Then they blew the ram’s horn, and all the people proclaimed, “Long live King Solomon!”

1 Chronicles 11:1-3
Then all Israel came together to David at Hebron and said, “Here we are, your own flesh and blood. / Even in times past, while Saul was king, you were the one who led Israel out and brought them back. And the LORD your God said, ‘You will shepherd My people Israel, and you will be ruler over them.’” / So all the elders of Israel came to the king at Hebron, where David made a covenant with them before the LORD. And they anointed him king over Israel, according to the word of the LORD through Samuel.

Matthew 22:43
Jesus said to them, “How then does David in the Spirit call Him ‘Lord’? For he says:


Treasury of Scripture

Now these be the last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the man who was raised up on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel, said,

A.

Genesis 49:1
And Jacob called unto his sons, and said, Gather yourselves together, that I may tell youthat which shall befall you in the last days.

Deuteronomy 33:1
And thisis the blessing, wherewith Moses the man of God blessed the children of Israel before his death.

Joshua 23:1-24:32
And it came to pass a long time after that the LORD had given rest unto Israel from all their enemies round about, that Joshua waxed oldand stricken in age…

raised

2 Samuel 7:8,9
Now therefore so shalt thou say unto my servant David, Thus saith the LORD of hosts, I took thee from the sheepcote, from following the sheep, to be ruler over my people, over Israel: …

Psalm 78:70
He chose David also his servant, and took him from the sheepfolds:

the anointed

1 Samuel 2:10
The adversaries of the LORD shall be broken to pieces; out of heaven shall he thunder upon them: the LORD shall judge the ends of the earth; and he shall give strength unto his king, and exalt the horn of his anointed.

1 Samuel 16:12,13
And he sent, and brought him in. Now hewas ruddy,and withal of a beautiful countenance, and goodly to look to. And the LORD said, Arise, anoint him: for thisis he…

Psalm 2:6
Yet have I set my king upon my holy hill of Zion.

sweet psalmist

1 Chronicles 16:4,5,7,9
And he appointedcertain of the Levites to minister before the ark of the LORD, and to record, and to thank and praise the LORD God of Israel: …

Amos 6:5
That chant to the sound of the viol,and invent to themselves instruments of musick, like David;

Luke 20:42
And David himself saith in the book of Psalms, The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand,

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2 Samuel 23
1.David, in his last words, professes his faith in God's promises
6.The different state of the wicked
8.A catalogue of David's mighty men














These are the last words of David:
This phrase introduces the final recorded words of King David, a significant figure in biblical history. David's last words are often seen as a summation of his life and reign, reflecting his relationship with God and his role as a leader of Israel. In biblical tradition, last words are considered important, often containing blessings, prophecies, or reflections on one's life. David's last words are not only a personal reflection but also hold theological significance for Israel and the unfolding of God's plan.

The oracle of David son of Jesse:
The term "oracle" suggests a divinely inspired message, indicating that David's words are not merely personal reflections but carry prophetic weight. David is identified as the "son of Jesse," grounding him in his earthly lineage and connecting him to the tribe of Judah, from which the Messiah was prophesied to come (Genesis 49:10). This lineage is significant in the biblical narrative, as it establishes David's rightful place in God's covenantal promises to Israel.

The oracle of the man raised on high:
This phrase highlights David's elevation by God from a shepherd boy to the king of Israel. It underscores the theme of divine election and grace, as David was chosen by God despite his humble beginnings (1 Samuel 16:11-13). This elevation is a type of Christ, who, though humble in His earthly life, is exalted by God (Philippians 2:9-11).

The one anointed by the God of Jacob:
David's anointing by God signifies his divine appointment as king. The reference to "the God of Jacob" connects David to the patriarchs and the covenantal promises made to them. Anointing in the Old Testament often symbolizes the Holy Spirit's empowerment for a specific task or role, prefiguring the anointing of Jesus as the Messiah (Luke 4:18).

And the sweet psalmist of Israel:
David is renowned for his contributions to the Book of Psalms, which are central to Jewish and Christian worship. His psalms express a wide range of human emotions and experiences, from lament to praise, and are seen as inspired by the Holy Spirit. David's role as a psalmist also points to his heart for worship and his deep relationship with God, serving as a model for believers. His psalms often contain messianic prophecies, pointing forward to Jesus Christ, who is the ultimate fulfillment of the Davidic covenant.

Persons / Places / Events
1.David
The central figure in this verse, David is the second king of Israel, known for his deep relationship with God, his military conquests, and his role as a psalmist. He is described here in his final words, reflecting on his life and calling.

2.Jesse
David's father, from the tribe of Judah. Jesse's lineage is significant as it fulfills the prophecy of the Messiah coming from the line of David.

3.God of Jacob
This title emphasizes the covenant relationship God had with the patriarchs of Israel, including Jacob, and highlights God's faithfulness to His promises.

4.Israel
The nation over which David reigned as king. David's leadership and psalms have had a lasting impact on the spiritual and cultural identity of Israel.

5.The Anointed
Refers to David's divine appointment as king. The Hebrew word "mashiach" (anointed) is significant as it points to the Messiah, foreshadowing Jesus Christ.
Teaching Points
The Legacy of Faithfulness
David's life, despite its imperfections, is marked by a deep commitment to God. Believers are encouraged to pursue a legacy of faithfulness, trusting in God's grace and guidance.

The Role of Anointing
Just as David was anointed for a specific purpose, Christians are called to recognize and fulfill their God-given roles and gifts within the body of Christ.

The Power of Worship
As the "sweet psalmist of Israel," David's life exemplifies the power of worship and music in drawing closer to God. Believers are encouraged to incorporate worship into their daily lives.

God's Faithfulness to His Promises
The reference to the "God of Jacob" reminds us of God's unwavering faithfulness. Christians can trust in God's promises, knowing He is faithful to fulfill them.
Bible Study Questions and Answers
1.What is the meaning of 2 Samuel 23:1?

2.How does David's identity as "the son of Jesse" influence his leadership role?

3.What does "the man raised on high" reveal about God's purpose for David?

4.How can we apply "the anointed of the God of Jacob" to our lives today?

5.How does David's title "the sweet psalmist of Israel" connect to worship practices?

6.In what ways can we emulate David's reliance on God's anointing in leadership?

7.What is the significance of David's last words in 2 Samuel 23:1 for believers today?

8.How does 2 Samuel 23:1 reflect David's understanding of his role as king?

9.Why is David referred to as "the sweet psalmist of Israel" in 2 Samuel 23:1?

10.What are the top 10 Lessons from 2 Samuel 23?

11.How do we reconcile the differences between 1 Chronicles 17 and 2 Samuel 7 regarding the details of God's covenant with David?

12.Who is the author of the Book of Psalms?

13.If attributed to David, why does Psalm 43 include no clear historical markers aligning it with known events of his reign?

14.(2 Samuel 23:2–3) If these are David’s “last words,” why do other chapters describe David speaking afterward?
What Does 2 Samuel 23:1 Mean
These are the last words of David:

“‘These are the last words of David…’” (2 Samuel 23:1)

- Final words carry special weight (see Jacob inGenesis 49:1 or Moses inDeuteronomy 33:1); God often uses a leader’s closing testimony to crystallize truth for the next generation.

- David’s life is winding down (1 Kings 2:1). Knowing this, he wants to leave Israel with God-given insight, not merely personal nostalgia.

-Acts 13:36 reminds us David “served the purpose of God in his own generation.” These last words seal that legacy, underscoring the faithfulness of both God and His servant.

The oracle of David son of Jesse

“‘…the oracle of David son of Jesse…’”

- “Oracle” signals divine origin. David is not musing; he is relaying revelation (compareNumbers 24:3–4;2 Peter 1:21).

- Emphasizing “son of Jesse” grounds David’s royalty in humble roots (1 Samuel 16:11). God delights to elevate the unexpected (1 Corinthians 1:27-29).

- This reference also recalls God’s covenant to build David’s house forever (2 Samuel 7:8-16), drawing a direct line to the promised Messiah (Isaiah 11:1;Luke 1:32-33).

The oracle of the man raised on high

“‘…the oracle of the man raised on high…’”

- God “raised” David from shepherd fields to the throne (Psalm 78:70-71). His elevation illustrates divine grace and sovereignty.

-2 Samuel 5:12 states David “knew that the LORD had established him as king.” He is living proof that promotion comes from God, not human maneuvering (Psalm 75:6-7).

- David’s upward journey prefigures the greater Son of David, Jesus, whom God exalted “to His right hand” (Acts 2:33-36;Philippians 2:9).

The one anointed by the God of Jacob

“‘…the one anointed by the God of Jacob…’”

- “Anointed” recalls Samuel pouring oil on David (1 Samuel 16:13). The ritual marked God’s Spirit resting on him for leadership (Psalm 89:20).

- Mentioning “the God of Jacob” ties David’s kingship to the patriarchal promises (Genesis 28:13-15). The same covenant-keeping God who guided Jacob guided David.

- Every anointed king foreshadows the ultimate Anointed One (Hebrew “Messiah,” Greek “Christ”) who would fulfill all covenant hopes (Luke 4:18;Hebrews 1:9).

And the sweet psalmist of Israel:

“‘…and the sweet psalmist of Israel:’”

- David’s musical gift mattered as much as his military prowess. Through psalms he taught Israel to pray, repent, and rejoice (2 Samuel 22;Psalm 23).

- His songs were “sweet” because they drew people into worship of a holy yet compassionate God (Psalm 34:8).

- The Lord used David’s psalms prophetically, pointing to Christ’s sufferings and glory (e.g.,Psalm 22;Acts 2:25-31). Thus, David’s artistry continues to edify believers today (Ephesians 5:19).

summary

2 Samuel 23:1 presents David’s final, Spirit-breathed proclamation. It reminds us that God elevates humble servants, empowers them by His anointing, fulfills covenant promises, and uses their gifts for generations. David’s life and last words ultimately spotlight the greater King and Psalmist, Jesus Christ, through whom every promise finds its “Yes.”

(1)The son of Jesse said.--The description of the human author of the following prophecy is strikingly analogous to that of Balaam inNumbers 24:3-4;Numbers 24:15-16. The word "said," used twice, is a peculiar form (used between two hundred and three hundred times) of direct Divine utterances, and applied to human sayings only here, in the places referred to in Numbers, and inProverbs 30:1, in all which special claim is made to inspiration.

The sweet psalmist of Israel.--Literally,He that is pleasant in Israel's psalms, i.e.,by the composition and arrangement of Israel's liturgical songs he was entitled to be called "pleasant." David, with life now closing, fitly sends down this prophetic song to posterity with such description of its human writer as should secure to it authority.

Verse 1. -Now these be the last words of David. A long interval separates this psalm from the preceding. The one was written when David had just reached the zenith of his power, and, when still unstained by foul crime, he could claim God's favour as due to his innocence. These last words were David's latest inspired utterance, written, probably, towards the end of the calm period which followed upon his restoration to his throne, and when time and the sense of God's renewed favour had healed the wounds of his soul.David the son of Jesse said. It was probably this account of the author, and its personal character, which caused the exclusion of this hymn from the Book of Psalms. It seemed to belong rather to David's private history than to a collection made for use in the public services of the temple.Said. The word is one usually applied to a message coming directly from God. It is used, however, four times inNumbers 24. of the words of Balaam, and inProverbs 30. of those of Agur. The solemnity of the word indicates the fatness of its inspiration.The sweet psalmist; literally,he who is pleasant in the psalms of Israel. David might well claim this title, as, under God, we owe the Psalter to him.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
These
וְאֵ֛לֶּה(wə·’êl·leh)
Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - common plural
Strong's 428:These, those

are the last
הָאַֽחֲרֹנִ֑ים(hā·’a·ḥă·rō·nîm)
Article | Adjective - masculine plural
Strong's 314:Hinder, late, last, western

words
דִּבְרֵ֥י(diḇ·rê)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 1697:A word, a matter, thing, a cause

of David:
דָוִ֖ד(ḏā·wiḏ)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 1732:David -- perhaps 'beloved one', a son of Jesse

“The oracle
נְאֻ֧ם(nə·’um)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 5002:An oracle

of David
דָּוִ֣ד(dā·wiḏ)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 1732:David -- perhaps 'beloved one', a son of Jesse

son
בֶּן־(ben-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1121:A son

of Jesse,
יִשַׁ֗י(yi·šay)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3448:Jesse -- father of David

the oracle
וּנְאֻ֤ם(ū·nə·’um)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 5002:An oracle

of the man
הַגֶּ֙בֶר֙(hag·ge·ḇer)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 1397:A valiant man, warrior, a person simply

raised
הֻ֣קַם(hu·qam)
Verb - Hofal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 6965:To arise, stand up, stand

on high,
עָ֔ל(‘āl)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 5920:The top, the highest, aloft, to Jehovah

the one anointed
מְשִׁ֙יחַ֙(mə·šî·aḥ)
Adjective - masculine singular construct
Strong's 4899:Anointed, a consecrated person, the Messiah

by the God
אֱלֹהֵ֣י(’ĕ·lō·hê)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 430:gods -- the supreme God, magistrates, a superlative

of Jacob,
יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב(ya·‘ă·qōḇ)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3290:Jacob -- a son of Isaac, also his desc

and the sweet
וּנְעִ֖ים(ū·nə·‘îm)
Conjunctive waw | Adjective - masculine singular construct
Strong's 5273:Pleasant, delightful

psalmist
זְמִר֥וֹת(zə·mi·rō·wṯ)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 2158:A song

of Israel:
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃(yiś·rā·’êl)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3478:Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc


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OT History: 2 Samuel 23:1 Now these are the last words (2Sa iiSam 2 Sam ii sam)
2 Samuel 22:51
2 Samuel 23:2
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