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◄ 2 Samuel 22:43►

New International Version
I beat them as fine as the dust of the earth; I pounded and trampled them like mud in the streets.

New Living Translation
I ground them as fine as the dust of the earth; I trampled them in the gutter like dirt.

English Standard Version
I beat them fine as the dust of the earth; I crushed them and stamped them down like the mire of the streets.

Berean Standard Bible
I ground them as the dust of the earth; I crushed and trampled them like mud in the streets.

King James Bible
Then did I beat them as small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the street,and did spread them abroad.

New King James Version
Then I beat them as fine as the dust of the earth; I trod them like dirt in the streets,And I spread them out.

New American Standard Bible
“Then I pulverized them as the dust of the earth; I crushedand trampled them like the mud of the streets.

NASB 1995
“Then I pulverized them as the dust of the earth; I crushed and stamped them as the mire of the streets.

NASB 1977
“Then I pulverized them as the dust of the earth, I crushedand stamped them as the mire of the streets.

Legacy Standard Bible
Then I beat them fine as the dust of the earth; I pulverizedand stamped them as the mire of the streets.

Amplified Bible
“Then I beat them as [small as] the dust of the earth; I crushed and stamped them as the mire (dirt, mud) of the streets.

Christian Standard Bible
I pulverize them like dust of the earth; I crush them and trample them like mud in the streets.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
I pulverize them like dust of the earth; I crush them and trample them like mud in the streets.

American Standard Version
Then did I beat them small as the dust of the earth, I did crush them as the mire of the streets, and did spread them abroad.

Contemporary English Version
I ground them to dust, and I squashed them like mud in the streets.

English Revised Version
Then did I beat them small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the streets, and did spread them abroad.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
I beat them into a powder as fine as the dust on the ground. I crushed them and stomped on them like the dirt on the streets.

Good News Translation
I crush them, and they become like dust; I trample on them like mud in the streets.

International Standard Version
I pulverized them to powder, like the dust of the earth; I crushed them, stomping on them like mud on a street.

NET Bible
I grind them as fine as the dust of the ground; I crush them and stomp on them like clay in the streets.

New Heart English Bible
Then I ground them as fine as the dust on the surface of a path. Like the mud in the streets, I trampled them.

Webster's Bible Translation
Then I beat them as small as the dust of the earth, I stamped them as the mire of the street, and spread them abroad.

Majority Text Translations

Majority Standard Bible
I ground them as the dust of the earth; I crushed and trampled them like mud in the streets.

World English Bible
Then I beat them as small as the dust of the earth. I crushed them as the mire of the streets, and spread them abroad.

Literal Translations

Literal Standard Version
And I beat them as dust of the earth, "" As mire of the streets I beat them small—I spread them out!

Young's Literal Translation
And I beat them as dust of the earth, As mire of the streets I beat them small -- I spread them out!

Smith's Literal Translation
And I will rub them as the dust of the earth: As the mire of the streets I will stamp them, I will beat them:

Catholic Translations

Douay-Rheims Bible
I shall beat them as small as the dust of the earth: I shall crush them and spread them abroad like the mire of the streets.

Catholic Public Domain Version
I will wipe them away like the dust of the earth. I will break them apart and crush them, like the mud of the streets.

New American Bible
I ground them fine as the dust of the earth; like mud in the streets I trod them down.

New Revised Standard Version
I beat them fine like the dust of the earth, I crushed them and stamped them down like the mire of the streets.

Translations from Aramaic

Lamsa Bible
I shall beat them as small as the dust which is carried by the wind; I shall tread upon them as the mire of the streets.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
I shall pulverize them like dust on the faces of the wind, and like mud of the streets I shall tread them

OT Translations

JPS Tanakh 1917
Then did I beat them small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the streets, and did tread them down.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And I ground them as the dust of the earth, I beat them small as the mire of the streets.

Additional Translations ...

Audio Bible

Context

David's Song of Deliverance
…42They looked, but there was no one to save them—to the LORD, but He did not answer.43I ground them as the dust of the earth;I crushed and trampled them like mud in the streets.44You have delivered me from the strife of my people; You have preserved me as the head of nations; a people I had not known shall serve me.…

Berean Standard Bible ·Download

Cross References

Psalm 18:42
I ground them as dust in the face of the wind; I trampled them like mud in the streets.

Isaiah 41:15-16
Behold, I will make you into a threshing sledge, new and sharp, with many teeth. You will thresh the mountains and crush them, and reduce the hills to chaff. / You will winnow them, and a wind will carry them away; a gale will scatter them. But you will rejoice in the LORD; you will glory in the Holy One of Israel.

Micah 4:13
Rise and thresh, O Daughter of Zion, for I will give you horns of iron and hooves of bronze to break to pieces many peoples. Then you will devote their gain to the LORD, their wealth to the Lord of all the earth.

Isaiah 10:6
I will send him against a godless nation; I will dispatch him against a people destined for My rage, to take spoils and seize plunder, and to trample them down like clay in the streets.

Isaiah 63:3
“I have trodden the winepress alone, and no one from the nations was with Me. I trampled them in My anger and trod them down in My fury; their blood spattered My garments, and all My clothes were stained.

Jeremiah 51:20-23
“You are My war club, My weapon for battle. With you I shatter nations; with you I bring kingdoms to ruin. / With you I shatter the horse and rider; with you I shatter the chariot and driver. / With you I shatter man and woman; with you I shatter the old man and the youth; with you I shatter the young man and the maiden. ...

Psalm 2:9
You will break them with an iron scepter; You will shatter them like pottery.”

Revelation 2:27
He will rule them with an iron scepter and shatter them like pottery—just as I have received authority from My Father.

Revelation 19:15
And from His mouth proceeds a sharp sword with which to strike down the nations, and He will rule them with an iron scepter. He treads the winepress of the fury of the wrath of God the Almighty.

Daniel 2:34-35
As you watched, a stone was cut out, but not by human hands. It struck the statue on its feet of iron and clay, and crushed them. / Then the iron, clay, bronze, silver, and gold were shattered and became like chaff on the threshing floor in summer. The wind carried them away, and not a trace of them could be found. But the stone that had struck the statue became a great mountain and filled the whole earth.

Isaiah 30:14
It will break in pieces like a potter’s jar, shattered so that no fragment can be found. Not a shard will be found in the dust large enough to scoop the coals from a hearth or to skim the water from a cistern.”

Isaiah 25:10
For the hand of the LORD will rest on this mountain. But Moab will be trampled in his place as straw is trodden into the dung pile.

Malachi 4:3
Then you will trample the wicked, for they will be ashes under the soles of your feet on the day I am preparing,” says the LORD of Hosts.

Psalm 110:5-6
The Lord is at Your right hand; He will crush kings in the day of His wrath. / He will judge the nations, heaping up the dead; He will crush the leaders far and wide.

Jeremiah 50:23
How the hammer of the whole earth lies broken and shattered! What a horror Babylon has become among the nations!

Treasury of Scripture

Then did I beat them as small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the street, and did spread them abroad.

as small

2 Kings 13:7
Neither did he leave of the people to Jehoahaz but fifty horsemen, and ten chariots, and ten thousand footmen; for the king of Syria had destroyed them, and had made them like the dust by threshing.

Psalm 35:5
Let them be as chaff before the wind: and let the angel of the LORD chasethem.

Daniel 2:35
Then was the iron, the clay, the brass, the silver, and the gold, broken to pieces together, and became like the chaff of the summer threshingfloors; and the wind carried them away, that no place was found for them: and the stone that smote the image became a great mountain, and filled the whole earth.

as the mire

Psalm 18:42
Then did I beat them small as the dust before the wind: I did cast them out as the dirt in the streets.

Isaiah 10:6
I will send him against an hypocritical nation, and against the people of my wrath will I give him a charge, to take the spoil, and to take the prey, and to tread them down like the mire of the streets.

Micah 7:10
Thenshe that is mine enemy shall seeit, and shame shall cover her which said unto me, Where is the LORD thy God? mine eyes shall behold her: now shall she be trodden down as the mire of the streets.

did spread

Deuteronomy 32:26
I said, I would scatter them into corners, I would make the remembrance of them to cease from among men:

Isaiah 26:15
Thou hast increased the nation, O LORD, thou hast increased the nation: thou art glorified: thou hadst removedit farunto all the ends of the earth.

Zechariah 2:6
Ho, ho,come forth, and flee from the land of the north, saith the LORD: for I have spread you abroad as the four winds of the heaven, saith the LORD.

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Abroad Beat Crush Crushed Dust Earth Feet Fine Mire Mud Pounded Small Spread Stamp Stamped Street Streets Trampled Tread Trod Waste

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2 Samuel 22

1.David's psalm of thanksgiving for God's deliverance and blessings

Study Bible

Book ◦ Chapter

I ground them as the dust of the earth;
This phrase reflects the totality of David's victory over his enemies, symbolizing complete defeat and humiliation. The imagery of grinding to dust suggests a thorough and irreversible destruction, akin to the fate of the wicked described inPsalm 1:4, where the wicked are likened to chaff blown away by the wind. The phrase also echoes the curse upon the serpent inGenesis 3:14, where dust is a symbol of defeat and subjugation. In the ancient Near Eastern context, dust was often associated with mourning and defeat, as seen inJob 2:12, where Job's friends sprinkle dust on their heads in grief. This imagery underscores the comprehensive nature of God's deliverance and judgment through David, a type of Christ, who will ultimately defeat all His enemies (1 Corinthians 15:25).

I crushed and trampled them like mud in the streets.
The act of crushing and trampling signifies a decisive and overwhelming victory. In biblical times, streets were often unpaved and muddy, especially during the rainy season, making mud a common and lowly substance. This imagery conveys the utter humiliation and insignificance of David's foes in the face of divine intervention. The trampling motif is also found inIsaiah 63:3, where the Lord is depicted as treading the winepress in judgment, a foreshadowing of Christ's ultimate victory over evil. The cultural context of trampling as a sign of conquest is evident in ancient warfare, where victors would often parade over the defeated to demonstrate their dominance. This phrase highlights the fulfillment of God's promises to David, ensuring his triumph over adversaries, and prefigures the ultimate victory of Christ over sin and death, as seen inRevelation 19:15, where He treads the winepress of the fury of the wrath of God Almighty.

Persons / Places / Events

1.David
The author of this song of deliverance, David is reflecting on God's deliverance from his enemies and his triumphs as king.

2.Enemies of David
These are the adversaries that David faced throughout his life, including Saul, the Philistines, and other hostile nations.

3.Israel
The nation over which David ruled, often facing threats from surrounding nations.

4.God's Deliverance
The overarching theme of this chapter, highlighting God's intervention and protection over David.

5.Song of Deliverance
This chapter is a song or psalm of thanksgiving, parallelingPsalm 18, where David praises God for his victories.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty in Victory
Recognize that all victories come from God, who empowers and delivers His people.

The Reality of Spiritual Warfare
Understand that believers face spiritual enemies, and God equips us to overcome them.

Humility in Triumph
Acknowledge that our successes are not by our strength but by God's grace and power.

The Consequences of Opposition to God
Realize that those who oppose God and His anointed will ultimately face defeat.

The Assurance of God's Protection
Trust in God's promise to protect and deliver His people from their adversaries.

Bible Study Questions and Answers

1.What is the meaning of 2 Samuel 22:43?

2.How does 2 Samuel 22:43 illustrate God's power in overcoming adversaries?

3.What does "ground like dust" symbolize about God's judgment on enemies?

4.How can believers apply the victory in 2 Samuel 22:43 to spiritual battles?

5.Which other scriptures highlight God's deliverance similar to 2 Samuel 22:43?

6.How can we trust God's strength when facing opposition, as in 2 Samuel 22:43?

7.How does 2 Samuel 22:43 align with the concept of a loving God?

8.What historical context explains the violent imagery in 2 Samuel 22:43?

9.How should Christians interpret the metaphorical language in 2 Samuel 22:43?

10.What are the top 10 Lessons from 2 Samuel 22?

11.(2 Samuel 22) How can we tell which elements of this praise song are meant literally versus those intended as metaphorical or hyperbolic language?

12.(2 Samuel 22 compared with Psalm 18) Why do these passages have slight variations if both are supposed to be inspired or accurate accounts?

13.(2 Samuel 22:8) Is there any historical or archaeological evidence of an actual earthquake during David's reign, or is this purely poetic imagery?

14.In 1 Kings 22:43, why does the text imply Jehoshaphat removed high places when 2 Chronicles 20:33 suggests otherwise?

What Does 2 Samuel 22:43 Mean

I ground them as the dust of the earth

• David is celebrating a victory so complete that the enemy is reduced to “dust,” with nothing substantial left to threaten God’s people (seePsalm 18:42, the parallel song; alsoPsalm 35:5 where adversaries become “chaff before the wind”).

• The picture recalls God’s promise that those who rise against His anointed will be scattered (Deuteronomy 28:7).

• Dust speaks of utter defeat and humiliation; it is what’s left when God’s power has done its work (Isaiah 29:5).

I crushed and trampled them

• “Crushed” underscores total domination; there is no recovery for the foe. Think ofJoshua 10:24–25, where leaders place their feet on the necks of kings to symbolize decisive conquest.

• “Trampled” shows active pursuit, not passive defense—David does not merely fend off attackers but overruns them, as promised in2 Samuel 22:38–40 where God girds him with strength.

• This language anticipates the Messiah’s ultimate victory over evil (Isaiah 63:3;Romans 16:20).

like mud in the streets

• Streets were unpaved; once trampled, mud was quickly forgotten. God’s foes become insignificant, powerless, and dirty, much likeMicah 7:10 andZechariah 10:5 portray.

• The imagery reassures believers: just as common foot traffic keeps mud underfoot, God’s ongoing care keeps enemies subdued (Malachi 4:3).

• The verse also reminds us that victory belongs to the Lord alone; David’s role is secondary, empowered by God (Psalm 44:3).

summary

God enabled David to pulverize his enemies so thoroughly that they turned to dust, powerless underfoot like common mud. The verse declares the completeness of divine deliverance, foreshadows Christ’s ultimate triumph, and reassures believers that every adversary—spiritual or physical—will be reduced to nothing under God’s mighty hand.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(43)Dust of the earth.--Psalms 18 reads, "Dust before the wind," and in the second clause omits "did spread them abroad." The psalm thus combines in one compact figure what is here spread out in two clauses. The change is certainly designed, and heightens the poetic effect.

Thou hast kept me.--The wording of the psalm, "Thou hast made me," involves only a slight difference in the original, and is a mere clerical variation.

Parallel Commentaries ...

Hebrew

I ground them
וְאֶשְׁחָקֵ֖ם(wə·’eš·ḥā·qêm)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - first person common singular | third person masculine plural
Strong's 7833:To rub away, beat fine, pulverize

as the dust
כַּעֲפַר־(ka·‘ă·p̄ar-)
Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 6083:Dust, clay, earth, mud

of the earth;
אָ֑רֶץ(’ā·reṣ)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 776:Earth, land

I crushed
אֲדִקֵּ֖ם(’ă·ḏiq·qêm)
Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - first person common singular | third person masculine plural
Strong's 1854:To crush, pulverize, thresh

and trampled them
אֶרְקָעֵֽם׃(’er·qā·‘êm)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singular | third person masculine plural
Strong's 7554:To pound the earth, to expand, to overlay

like mud
כְּטִיט־(kə·ṭîṭ-)
Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 2916:Mud, clay, calamity

in the streets.
חוּצ֥וֹת(ḥū·ṣō·wṯ)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 2351:Separate by a, wall, outside, outdoors

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OT History: 2 Samuel 22:43 Then I beat them as small as (2Sa iiSam 2 Sam ii sam)