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◄ 2 Samuel 22:39►
New International Version
I crushed them completely, and they could not rise; they fell beneath my feet.

New Living Translation
I consumed them; I struck them down so they did not get up; they fell beneath my feet.

English Standard Version
I consumed them; I thrust them through, so that they did not rise; they fell under my feet.

Berean Standard Bible
I devoured and crushed them so they could not rise; they have fallen under my feet.

King James Bible
And I have consumed them, and wounded them, that they could not arise: yea, they are fallen under my feet.

New King James Version
And I have destroyed them and wounded them, So that they could not rise; They have fallen under my feet.

New American Standard Bible
“And I have devoured them and smashed them, so that they would not rise; And they fell under my feet.

NASB 1995
“And I have devoured them and shattered them, so that they did not rise; And they fell under my feet.

NASB 1977
“And I have devoured them and shattered them, so that they did not rise; And they fell under my feet.

Legacy Standard Bible
And I have consumed them and crushed them, so that they did not rise; And they fell under my feet.

Amplified Bible
“I consumed them and shattered them, so that they did not rise; They fell under my feet.

Christian Standard Bible
I wipe them out and crush them, and they do not rise; they fall beneath my feet.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
I wipe them out and crush them, and they do not rise; they fall beneath my feet.

American Standard Version
And I have consumed them, and smitten them through, so that they cannot arise: Yea, they are fallen under my feet.

Contemporary English Version
I destroyed them! I stuck my sword through my enemies, and they were crushed under my feet.

English Revised Version
And I have consumed them, and smitten them through, that they cannot arise; yea, they are fallen under my feet.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
I ended their lives by shattering them. They were unable to get up. They fell under my feet.

Good News Translation
I strike them down, and they cannot rise; they lie defeated before me.

International Standard Version
I devoured them, striking them down until they could not get up again. They fell beneath my feet.

NET Bible
I wipe them out and beat them to death; they cannot get up; they fall at my feet.

New Heart English Bible
And I consumed them, and struck them through, so that they did not rise. And they fell beneath my feet.

Webster's Bible Translation
And I have consumed them, and wounded them, that they could not arise: yea, they have fallen under my feet.
Majority Text Translations
Majority Standard Bible
I devoured and crushed them so they could not rise; they have fallen under my feet.

World English Bible
I have consumed them, and struck them through, so that they can’t arise. Yes, they have fallen under my feet.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And I consume them, and strike them, "" And they do not rise, and fall under my feet.

Young's Literal Translation
And I consume them, and smite them, And they rise not, and fall under my feet.

Smith's Literal Translation
And I will consume them and crush them, and they shall not be raised up.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
I will consume them and break them in pieces, so that they shall not rise: they shall fall under my feet.

Catholic Public Domain Version
I will consume them and break them apart, so that they cannot rise up; they will fall under my feet.

New American Bible
I struck them down, and they did not rise; they fell dead at my feet.

New Revised Standard Version
I consumed them; I struck them down, so that they did not rise; they fell under my feet.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
I will strike them that they may not arise; yea, they shall fall under my feet.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
I shall strike them and they will not be able to stand, and they shall fall under my feet
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And I have consumed them, and smitten them through, that they cannot arise; Yea, they are fallen under my feet.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And I will crush them, and they shall not rise; and they shall fall under my feet.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
David's Song of Deliverance
…38I pursued my enemies and destroyed them; I did not turn back until they were consumed.39I devouredand crushed themso they could notrise;they have fallenundermy feet.40You have armed me with strength for battle; You have subdued my foes beneath me.…

Cross References
Psalm 18:37-38
I pursued my enemies and overtook them; I did not turn back until they were consumed. / I crushed them so they could not rise; they have fallen under my feet.

Deuteronomy 7:24
He will hand their kings over to you, and you will wipe out their names from under heaven. No one will be able to stand against you; you will annihilate them.

Joshua 10:20
So Joshua and the Israelites continued to inflict a terrible slaughter until they had finished them off, and the remaining survivors retreated to the fortified cities.

Joshua 11:8
and the LORD delivered them into the hand of Israel, who struck them down and pursued them all the way to Greater Sidon and Misrephoth-maim, and eastward as far as the Valley of Mizpeh. They struck them down, leaving no survivors.

1 Samuel 15:8
He captured Agag king of Amalek alive, but devoted all the others to destruction with the sword.

1 Samuel 30:17
And David struck them down from twilight until the evening of the next day. Not a man escaped, except four hundred young men who fled, riding off on camels.

Isaiah 10:18
The splendor of its forests and orchards, both soul and body, it will completely destroy, as a sickness consumes a man.

Isaiah 14:19-20
But you are cast out of your grave like a rejected branch, covered by those slain with the sword, and dumped into a rocky pit like a carcass trampled underfoot. / You will not join them in burial, since you have destroyed your land and slaughtered your own people. The offspring of the wicked will never again be mentioned.

Jeremiah 50:21
Go up against the land of Merathaim, and against the residents of Pekod. Kill them and devote them to destruction. Do all that I have commanded you,” declares the LORD.

Jeremiah 51:3
Do not let the archer bend his bow or put on his armor. Do not spare her young men; devote all her army to destruction!

Ezekiel 25:13
therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: I will stretch out My hand against Edom and cut off from it both man and beast. I will make it a wasteland, and from Teman to Dedan they will fall by the sword.

Ezekiel 30:11
He and his people with him, the most ruthless of the nations, will be brought in to destroy the land. They will draw their swords against Egypt and fill the land with the slain.

Nahum 1:9
Whatever you plot against the LORD, He will bring to an end. Affliction will not rise up a second time.

Romans 16:20
The God of peace will soon crush Satan under your feet. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you.

1 Corinthians 15:25
For He must reign until He has put all His enemies under His feet.


Treasury of Scripture

And I have consumed them, and wounded them, that they could not arise: yes, they are fallen under my feet.

Psalm 18:37
I have pursued mine enemies, and overtaken them: neither did I turn again till they were consumed.

Psalm 110:1,5,6
A Psalm of David. The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou at my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool…

Psalm 118:10-12
All nations compassed me about: but in the name of the LORD will I destroy them…

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2 Samuel 22
1.David's psalm of thanksgiving for God's deliverance and blessings














I devoured and crushed them
This phrase reflects the complete victory and dominance over enemies, a common theme in the biblical narrative where God grants triumph to His chosen leaders. The imagery of devouring and crushing suggests total destruction, reminiscent of the language used in other Old Testament battles where God’s power is evident (e.g.,Joshua 10:10-11). This can also be seen as a type of Christ, who will ultimately defeat all His enemies (1 Corinthians 15:25).

so they could not rise
The inability of the enemies to rise signifies a definitive and irreversible defeat. This echoes the fate of the Egyptians in the Red Sea (Exodus 14:28), where God’s intervention ensured that the threat was permanently neutralized. It also foreshadows the final judgment where evil will be completely vanquished (Revelation 20:10).

they have fallen under my feet
This phrase symbolizes subjugation and authority, often used in the context of kingship and divine mandate. In ancient Near Eastern culture, placing enemies under one's feet was a sign of victory and control. This imagery is also prophetic of the Messiah, as seen inPsalm 110:1, where God promises to make the enemies a footstool for the Messiah’s feet, indicating ultimate authority and dominion.

Persons / Places / Events
1.David
The author of this song of praise, David is reflecting on his victories over his enemies, attributing his success to God's power and deliverance.

2.Enemies of David
These are the adversaries that David faced throughout his life, including foreign nations and internal threats, whom he overcame with God's help.

3.Song of Deliverance
This chapter is a song of thanksgiving and praise, where David recounts God's faithfulness and deliverance from his enemies.
Teaching Points
God as the Source of Victory
David's victories were not due to his own strength but were attributed to God's power. Believers should recognize that true success and victory come from God.

Spiritual Warfare
Just as David faced physical enemies, Christians face spiritual battles. The same God who delivered David is present to help believers overcome spiritual adversaries.

Humility in Success
David's acknowledgment of God's role in his victories teaches us to remain humble and give credit to God for our achievements.

Perseverance in Faith
David's life was marked by perseverance through trials. Believers are encouraged to remain steadfast in faith, trusting in God's deliverance.

Thanksgiving and Praise
David's song is a model for expressing gratitude to God. Regularly praising God for His past deliverances strengthens our faith for future challenges.
Bible Study Questions and Answers
1.What is the meaning of 2 Samuel 22:39?

2.How does 2 Samuel 22:39 demonstrate God's power in overcoming enemies?

3.What does "I devoured and crushed them" reveal about divine justice?

4.How can believers apply the victory in 2 Samuel 22:39 to spiritual battles?

5.What New Testament passages echo the themes found in 2 Samuel 22:39?

6.How does this verse encourage reliance on God during personal struggles?

7.How does 2 Samuel 22:39 align with the concept of a loving God?

8.What historical context explains the violence in 2 Samuel 22:39?

9.Does 2 Samuel 22:39 justify violence in the name of God?

10.What are the top 10 Lessons from 2 Samuel 22?

11.(2 Samuel 22) How can we tell which elements of this praise song are meant literally versus those intended as metaphorical or hyperbolic language?

12.(2 Samuel 22 compared with Psalm 18) Why do these passages have slight variations if both are supposed to be inspired or accurate accounts?

13.(2 Samuel 22:8) Is there any historical or archaeological evidence of an actual earthquake during David's reign, or is this purely poetic imagery?

14.Why does God forbid David from building the temple in 1 Chronicles 22:8 but never give that explicit reason in the parallel accounts (e.g., 2 Samuel 7)?
What Does 2 Samuel 22:39 Mean
I devoured and crushed them

David is recounting literal battlefield victories the LORD empowered him to win. Earlier he says, “With my God I can scale a wall” (2 Samuel 22:30), so here he shows the result:

• “Devoured” pictures relentless pursuit, much like “I pursued my enemies and destroyed them” in the preceding verse (v. 38).

• “Crushed” underlines total defeat, echoing God’s command inDeuteronomy 7:2 to “destroy them totally.”

• These words mirrorPsalm 18:37-38 (the parallel song) where David again credits God for strength that “consumes” foes.

• The theme runs through Scripture:Joshua 10:10-11,1 Samuel 17:46, and even foreshadows Christ’s triumph over every enemy (Colossians 2:15).

so they could not rise

The victory is final. No enemy regroups because God’s intervention leaves them powerless.

• This recalls the Red Sea scene—“not one of them remained” (Exodus 14:28).

•Psalm 21:11-12 shows the same certainty: enemies “will turn and flee when You aim at their faces.”

•Micah 7:8 speaks of the fallen enemy who “shall not rise,” highlighting how God vindicates His people.

• For believers today, it reassures us that sin, death, and Satan have been decisively defeated (Hebrews 2:14).

they have fallen under my feet

Ancient rulers placed a foot on a conquered king’s neck (Joshua 10:24). David celebrates that posture of absolute dominion—again, only by God’s hand.

• “Sit at My right hand until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet” (Psalm 110:1) carries the same picture and ultimately points to Christ.

•Romans 16:20 applies it to the church: “The God of peace will soon crush Satan under your feet.”

•2 Samuel 22:40 clarifies who enabled this outcome: “You have armed me with strength for battle.” David’s foot is on the enemy, but the victory is the LORD’s.

summary

2 Samuel 22:39 is David’s eyewitness testimony of complete, God-given triumph. He pursued, struck, and trampled his foes because the LORD empowered him. The verse celebrates: thorough destruction (“devoured and crushed”), irreversible defeat (“so they could not rise”), and visible dominion (“fallen under my feet”). It assures us that the same covenant God still secures total victory for His people, ultimately fulfilled in Christ, who has crushed every adversary and shares that conquest with all who trust Him.

(39)I have consumed them, and wounded them.--The former clause is wanting in the psalm, and the latter needs a stronger word--crushed them.



Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
I devoured
וָאֲכַלֵּ֥ם(wā·’ă·ḵal·lêm)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - first person common singular | third person masculine plural
Strong's 398:To eat

and crushed them
וָאֶמְחָצֵ֖ם(wā·’em·ḥā·ṣêm)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - first person common singular | third person masculine plural
Strong's 4272:To dash asunder, to crush, smash, violently plunge, to subdue, destroy

so they could not
וְלֹ֣א(wə·lō)
Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808:Not, no

rise;
יְקוּמ֑וּן(yə·qū·mūn)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural | Paragogic nun
Strong's 6965:To arise, stand up, stand

they have fallen
וַֽיִּפְּל֖וּ(way·yip·pə·lū)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural
Strong's 5307:To fall, lie

under
תַּ֥חַת(ta·ḥaṯ)
Preposition
Strong's 8478:The bottom, below, in lieu of

my feet.
רַגְלָֽי׃(raḡ·lāy)
Noun - fdc | first person common singular
Strong's 7272:A foot, a step, the pudenda


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OT History: 2 Samuel 22:39 I have consumed them and struck them (2Sa iiSam 2 Sam ii sam)
2 Samuel 22:38
2 Samuel 22:40
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