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◄ 2 Kings 23:31►

New International Version
Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months. His mother’s name was Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah; she was from Libnah.

New Living Translation
Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months. His mother was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah from Libnah.

English Standard Version
Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he began to reign, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Hamutal the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

Berean Standard Bible
Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months. His mother’s name was Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah; she was from Libnah.

King James Bible
Jehoahazwas twenty and three years old when he began to reign; and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. And his mother's namewas Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

New King James Version
Jehoahazwas twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. His mother’s namewas Hamutal the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

New American Standard Bible
Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned for three months in Jerusalem; and his mother’s name was Hamutal the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

NASB 1995
Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem; and his mother’s name was Hamutal the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

NASB 1977
Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem; and his mother’s name was Hamutal the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

Legacy Standard Bible
Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem; and his mother’s name was Hamutal the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

Amplified Bible
Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned for [only] three months in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

Christian Standard Bible
Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah; she was from Libnah.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Jehoahaz was 23 years old when he became king and reigned three months in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah, from Libnah.

American Standard Version
Jehoahaz was twenty and three years old when he began to reign; and he reigned three months in Jerusalem: and his mother's name was Hamutal the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

Contemporary English Version
Jehoahaz was 23 years old when he became king of Judah, and he ruled from Jerusalem only 3 months. His mother Hamutal was the daughter of Jeremiah from Libnah.

English Revised Version
Jehoahaz was twenty and three years old when he began to reign; and he reigned three months in Jerusalem: and his mother's name was Hamutal the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Jehoahaz was 23 years old when he became king, and he was king for 3 months in Jerusalem. His mother was Hamutal, daughter of Jeremiah from Libnah.

Good News Translation
Joahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king of Judah, and he ruled in Jerusalem for three months. His mother was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah from the city of Libnah.

International Standard Version
Jehoahaz was 23 years old when he became king. He reigned three months in Jerusalem. His mother's name was Hamutal. She was the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

NET Bible
Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. His mother was Hamutal the daughter of Jeremiah, from Libnah.

New Heart English Bible
Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he began to reign; and he reigned three months in Jerusalem: and his mother's name was Hamutal the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

Webster's Bible Translation
Jehoahaz was twenty and three years old when he began to reign; and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

Majority Text Translations

Majority Standard Bible
Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months. His mother’s name was Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah; she was from Libnah.

World English Bible
Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he began to reign; and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Hamutal the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

Literal Translations

Literal Standard Version
Jehoahaz [is] a son of twenty-three years in his reigning, and he has reigned three months in Jerusalem, and the name of his mother [is] Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah,

Young's Literal Translation
A son of twenty and three years is Jehoahaz in his reigning, and three months he hath reigned in Jerusalem, and the name of his mother is Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah,

Smith's Literal Translation
The son of twenty and three years was Jehoahaz in his reigning; and three months he reigned in Jerusalem. And his mother's name Hamutal, daughter of Jeremiah from Libnah.

Catholic Translations

Douay-Rheims Bible
Joachaz was three and twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem: the name of his mother was Amital, the daughter of Jeremias of Lobna.

Catholic Public Domain Version
Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he had begun to reign, and he reigned for three months in Jerusalem. The name of his mother was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah, from Libnah.

New American Bible
Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Hamutal, daughter of Jeremiah, from Libnah.

New Revised Standard Version
Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he began to reign; he reigned three months in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

Translations from Aramaic

Lamsa Bible
Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he began to reign; and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
Yahuakhaz was a son of twenty three years when he became king, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem, and the name of his mother was Khamatul, the daughter of Jeremiah, from Lebna.

OT Translations

JPS Tanakh 1917
Jehoahaz was twenty and three years old when he began to reign; and he reigned three months in Jerusalem; and his mother's name was Hamutal the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
Twenty and three years old was Joachaz when he began to reign, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem: and his mother's namewas Amital, daughter of Jeremias of Lobna.

Additional Translations ...

Audio Bible

Context

Jehoahaz Succeeds Josiah
31Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king,and he reigned in Jerusalem three months.His mother’s name was Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah;she was from Libnah.32And he did evil in the sight of the LORD, just as his fathers had done.…

Berean Standard Bible ·Download

Cross References

2 Chronicles 36:1-2
Then the people of the land took Jehoahaz son of Josiah and made him king in Jerusalem in place of his father. / Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months.

Jeremiah 22:11-12
For this is what the LORD says concerning Shallum son of Josiah, king of Judah, who succeeded his father Josiah but has gone forth from this place: “He will never return, / but he will die in the place to which he was exiled; he will never see this land again.”

2 Kings 24:18
Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem eleven years. His mother’s name was Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah; she was from Libnah.

2 Kings 22:1
Josiah was eight years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem thirty-one years. His mother’s name was Jedidah daughter of Adaiah; she was from Bozkath.

2 Kings 23:36
Jehoiakim was twenty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem eleven years. His mother’s name was Zebidah daughter of Pedaiah; she was from Rumah.

2 Kings 24:8
Jehoiachin was eighteen years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months. His mother’s name was Nehushta daughter of Elnathan; she was from Jerusalem.

2 Chronicles 34:1
Josiah was eight years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem thirty-one years.

Jeremiah 1:2-3
The word of the LORD came to Jeremiah in the thirteenth year of the reign of Josiah son of Amon king of Judah, / and through the days of Jehoiakim son of Josiah king of Judah, until the fifth month of the eleventh year of Zedekiah son of Josiah king of Judah, when the people of Jerusalem went into exile.

Jeremiah 26:1
At the beginning of the reign of Jehoiakim son of Josiah king of Judah, this word came from the LORD:

Jeremiah 36:1
In the fourth year of Jehoiakim son of Josiah king of Judah, this word came to Jeremiah from the LORD:

Jeremiah 37:1
Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon made Zedekiah son of Josiah the king of Judah, and he reigned in place of Coniah son of Jehoiakim.

Matthew 1:11
and Josiah the father of Jeconiah and his brothers at the time of the exile to Babylon.

Matthew 1:10
Hezekiah was the father of Manasseh, Manasseh the father of Amon, Amon the father of Josiah,

Matthew 1:12
After the exile to Babylon: Jeconiah was the father of Shealtiel, Shealtiel the father of Zerubbabel,

Acts 7:45-47
And our fathers who received it brought it in with Joshua when they dispossessed the nations God drove out before them. It remained until the time of David, / who found favor in the sight of God and asked to provide a dwelling place for the God of Jacob. / But it was Solomon who built the house for Him.

Treasury of Scripture

Jehoahaz was twenty and three years old when he began to reign; and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

Jehoahaz.

1 Chronicles 3:15
And the sons of Josiahwere, the firstborn Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum.

Jeremiah 22:11
For thus saith the LORD touching Shallum the son of Josiah king of Judah, which reigned instead of Josiah his father, which went forth out of this place; He shall not return thither any more:

Shallum.

2 Kings 24:18
Zedekiahwas twenty and one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. And his mother's namewas Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

Jump to Previous

Daughter Hamutal Hamu'tal Jehoahaz Jeho'ahaz Jeremiah Jerusalem Libnah Months Mother Mother's Reign Reigned Reigning Ruling Three Twenty Twenty-Three

Jump to Next

Daughter Hamutal Hamu'tal Jehoahaz Jeho'ahaz Jeremiah Jerusalem Libnah Months Mother Mother's Reign Reigned Reigning Ruling Three Twenty Twenty-Three

2 Kings 23

1.Josiah causes the book to be read in a solemn assembly.
3.He renews the covenant of the Lord.
4.He destroys idolatry.
15.He burns dead men's bones upon the altar of Bethel, as was prophesied.
21.He keeps a most solemn Passover.
24.He puts away witches and all abomination.
26.God's final wrath against Judah.
29.Josiah, provoking Pharaoh Neco, is slain at Megiddo.
31.Jehoahaz, succeeding him,
33.is imprisoned by Pharaoh Neco, who makes Jehoiakim king.
36.Jehoiakim's wicked reign.

Study Bible

Book ◦ Chapter

Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king
Jehoahaz, also known as Shallum, was the son of King Josiah, one of Judah's most righteous kings. At twenty-three, Jehoahaz was relatively young to ascend the throne, especially following a king like Josiah who had initiated significant religious reforms. His age suggests a lack of experience, which may have contributed to his short reign. The choice of Jehoahaz over his older brother Eliakim (later Jehoiakim) might indicate a preference by the people or a political maneuver, as Jehoahaz was chosen by the people of the land (2 Kings 23:30).

and he reigned in Jerusalem three months
Jehoahaz's reign was notably brief, lasting only three months. This short duration highlights the political instability in Judah at the time, as the kingdom was caught between the powerful empires of Egypt and Babylon. His reign ended when Pharaoh Necho II of Egypt deposed him, taking him captive to Egypt (2 Kings 23:33-34). This event underscores the geopolitical pressures on Judah, as Egypt sought to exert control over the region following the death of Josiah at Megiddo.

His mother’s name was Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah
Hamutal, Jehoahaz's mother, was the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah, not to be confused with the prophet Jeremiah. Her mention indicates the importance of maternal lineage in the royal records, which could influence a king's legitimacy and political alliances. The inclusion of her name suggests her possible influence in the royal court or her family's significance in Judah.

she was from Libnah
Libnah was a town in the Shephelah region of Judah, known for its historical significance and involvement in various biblical events. It was one of the Levitical cities (Joshua 21:13) and had previously revolted against King Jehoram of Judah (2 Kings 8:22). The mention of Libnah may indicate the town's continued importance or the strategic alliances formed through marriage. This geographical detail provides insight into the regional dynamics and the interconnectedness of Judah's political landscape.

Persons / Places / Events

1.Jehoahaz
The son of King Josiah, Jehoahaz became king of Judah at the age of twenty-three. His reign was notably short, lasting only three months.

2.Hamutal
The mother of Jehoahaz, identified as the daughter of Jeremiah from Libnah. Her lineage is significant in understanding the royal family dynamics.

3.Jerusalem
The capital city of Judah, where Jehoahaz reigned as king. It holds historical and spiritual significance as the center of Jewish worship and governance.

4.Libnah
A town in the Kingdom of Judah, associated with Hamutal, Jehoahaz's mother. It provides geographical context to the account.

5.Reign of Jehoahaz
A brief period marked by political instability and transition, following the death of his father, King Josiah.

Teaching Points

The Fleeting Nature of Power
Jehoahaz's short reign reminds us of the transient nature of earthly power and the importance of seeking eternal values.

The Influence of Family and Heritage
The mention of Hamutal and her lineage underscores the impact of family background on leadership and character.

The Consequences of Leadership Choices
Jehoahaz's reign, though brief, had significant consequences for Judah, illustrating the importance of wise and godly leadership.

The Role of Divine Providence
Despite human plans and actions, God's sovereign will ultimately prevails, as seen in the rapid changes in Judah's leadership.

Bible Study Questions and Answers

1.What is the meaning of 2 Kings 23:31?

2.How does Jehoahaz's reign reflect the consequences of ignoring God's commandments?

3.What leadership qualities should we seek based on 2 Kings 23:31?

4.How does Jehoahaz's age compare to other biblical kings' ages when they began ruling?

5.What lessons can we learn from Jehoahaz's short reign for today's leaders?

6.How can we ensure our leaders align with God's will, unlike Jehoahaz?

7.Why did Jehoahaz reign only three months according to 2 Kings 23:31?

8.How does Jehoahaz's short reign reflect God's judgment in 2 Kings 23:31?

9.What historical evidence supports Jehoahaz's reign as described in 2 Kings 23:31?

10.What are the top 10 Lessons from 2 Kings 23?

11.Who was King Jehoahaz in biblical history?

12.Could the metaphorical language in Ezekiel 19 reflect scientific or historical inaccuracies about the fate of these “lion cubs”?

13.How can the historical timeline of Pharaoh Necho taking control of Judah (2 Chronicles 36:2-4) align with secular Egyptian records?

14.In Jeremiah 22:10–12, is there any historical record confirming the fate of Shallum (Jehoahaz) and corroborating he never returned, as the text claims?

What Does 2 Kings 23:31 Mean

Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king

• “Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king” (2 Kings 23:31). At roughly the same age David first served in Saul’s court, Jehoahaz steps onto the throne his father Josiah vacated (2 Kings 23:30).

• Youth is no obstacle to leadership in Scripture, yet it can expose immaturity. Other young rulers—Josiah at eight (2 Kings 22:1), Joash at seven (2 Chron 24:1)—thrived when they sought the LORD early. Jehoahaz’s record shows no such pursuit.

• The people of the land chose him (2 Kings 23:30), thinking he would continue Josiah’s reforms. His age implies vigor and promise, but character, not youth, is God’s measure (1 Samuel 16:7;1 Timothy 4:12).

and he reigned in Jerusalem three months

• “and he reigned in Jerusalem three months” (v. 31). The brevity is startling—only one season. Pharaoh Necho II, returning from Carchemish, deposed him and imposed tribute (2 Kings 23:33-34; 2 Chron 36:3).

• Three months highlight how quickly national hopes can be dashed when a leader lacks God’s favor. Israel once endured a seven-day reign under Zimri (1 Kings 16:15), illustrating the same principle.

• Prophetic warning had foretold that disobedient kings would be “carried off… to serve other gods” (Deuteronomy 28:36); Jeremiah later applied this to Jehoahaz by name (Jeremiah 22:10-12), confirming God’s sovereignty over even the shortest reigns.

His mother’s name was Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah

• Scripture notes royal mothers to trace covenant lineage and influence. Hamutal’s presence echoes earlier listings like Bathsheba for Solomon (1 Kings 1:11) or Zebidah for Jehoiakim (2 Kings 23:36).

• This Jeremiah is a different man from the prophet; he is identified only through his hometown link in the next clause.

• Mothers often shaped their sons’ spiritual direction—positive (Abijah’s mother, 2 Chron 13:2) or negative (Athaliah,2 Kings 11:1-3). The silence about Hamutal’s faith suggests no corrective influence against national drift.

she was from Libnah

• Libnah, a Levitical town in the lowlands of Judah (Joshua 21:13), once revolted against Joram because he “forsook the LORD” (2 Kings 8:22). The city’s mention roots Hamutal—and thus Jehoahaz—in Judah’s covenant heartland.

• A Levitical backdrop could have encouraged reverence for the Law (Numbers 3:6-9). Instead, Jehoahaz “did evil in the sight of the LORD” (2 Kings 23:32), proving heritage alone cannot secure faithfulness (John 8:39).

• Libnah’s earlier stand against apostasy contrasts with Jehoahaz’s failure, underscoring personal responsibility regardless of background (Ezekiel 18:20).

summary

The verse paints a concise yet sobering portrait: a young king with promising lineage, enthroned by popular support, lasts barely three months because he ignores the God who determines kings’ times and seasons (Daniel 2:21). His age, pedigree, and Levitical connections could not compensate for a heart missing the devotion that marked his father Josiah. The account urges every reader—whatever our upbringing or opportunity—to anchor life and leadership in wholehearted obedience to the LORD who alone secures lasting rule and blessing.

Pulpit Commentary

Verses 31-33. - SHORT REIGN OF JEHOAHAZ. Pharaoh-Nechoh, having defeated Josiah, left Jerusalem and Judaea behind him, while he pressed forward on his original enterprise (see ver. 29) into Northern Syria and the district about Carehemish, or the tract north-east of Aleppo. It was three months before he had completed his conquests in these quarters, and, having arranged matters to his satisfaction, set out on his return to Egypt. During these three months Jehoahaz bore rule at Jerusalem (ver. 31), and "did evil in the sight of the Lord" (ver. 32). Ezekiel compares him to "a young lion," which "learned to catch the prey, and devoured men" (Ezekiel 19:3). It may be suspected that he re-established the idolatries which Josiah had put down; but this is uncertain. Pharaoh-Nechoh, on his return from Carehemish, learning what the Jews had done, sent envoys to Jerusalem, and summoned Jehoahaz to his presence at Riblah, in the territory of Hamath (ver. 33; comp. Josephus, 'Ant. Jud.,' 10:5. § 2). Je-hoahaz obeyed the summons; and Nechoh, having obtained possession of his person, "put him in bands," and carried him off to Egypt, where he died (ver. 34; comp.Jeremiah 22:10-12; Josephus,l.s.c.)Verse 31. -Jehoahaz was twenty and three years old when he began to reign. He was, therefore, younger than his brother Eliakim, who, three months later, was "twenty-five years old" (ver. 36). His original name seems to have been "Shallum," as above noticed (see the comment on ver. 30). Probably he changed it to "Jehoahaz" ("Possession of Jehovah") on his accession.And he reigned three months in Jerusalem - three monthsand tern days, according to Josephus -and his mother's name was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah. The father of Hamutal was not, therefore, Jeremiah the prophet, who was a native of Anathoth (seeJeremiah 1:1).

Parallel Commentaries ...

Hebrew

Jehoahaz
יְהוֹאָחָ֣ז(yə·hō·w·’ā·ḥāz)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3059:Jehoahaz -- 'Yah has grasped', the name of several Israelites

was twenty-three
עֶשְׂרִ֨ים(‘eś·rîm)
Number - common plural
Strong's 6242:Twenty, twentieth

years old
בֶּן־(ben-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1121:A son

when he became king,
בְּמָלְכ֔וֹ(bə·mā·lə·ḵōw)
Preposition-b | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 4427:To reign, inceptively, to ascend the throne, to induct into royalty, to take counsel

and he reigned
מָלַ֖ךְ(mā·laḵ)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 4427:To reign, inceptively, to ascend the throne, to induct into royalty, to take counsel

in Jerusalem
בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם(bî·rū·šā·lim)
Preposition-b | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 3389:Jerusalem -- probably 'foundation of peace', capital city of all Israel

three
וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה(ū·šə·lō·šāh)
Conjunctive waw | Number - masculine singular
Strong's 7969:Three, third, thrice

months.
חֳדָשִׁ֔ים(ḥo·ḏā·šîm)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 2320:The new moon, a month

His mother’s
אִמּ֔וֹ(’im·mōw)
Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 517:A mother, )

name
וְשֵׁ֣ם(wə·šêm)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 8034:A name

was Hamutal
חֲמוּטַ֥ל(ḥă·mū·ṭal)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 2537:Hamutal -- perhaps 'my husband's father is the dew', mother of two kings of Judah

daughter
בַּֽת־(baṯ-)
Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 1323:A daughter

of Jeremiah;
יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ(yir·mə·yā·hū)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3414:Jeremiah -- 'Yah loosens', the name of a number of Israelites

she was from Libnah.
מִלִּבְנָֽה׃(mil·liḇ·nāh)
Preposition-m | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 3841:Libnah -- a city in soutwest Judah, also a place in the wilderness

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OT History: 2 Kings 23:31 Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he (2Ki iiKi ii ki 2 kg 2kg)