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◄ 2 Kings 13:1►
New International Version
In the twenty-third year of Joash son of Ahaziah king of Judah, Jehoahaz son of Jehu became king of Israel in Samaria, and he reigned seventeen years.

New Living Translation
Jehoahaz son of Jehu began to rule over Israel in the twenty-third year of King Joash’s reign in Judah. He reigned in Samaria seventeen years.

English Standard Version
In the twenty-third year of Joash the son of Ahaziah, king of Judah, Jehoahaz the son of Jehu began to reign over Israel in Samaria, and he reigned seventeen years.

Berean Standard Bible
In the twenty-third year of the reign of Joash son of Ahaziah over Judah, Jehoahaz son of Jehu became king of Israel, and he reigned in Samaria seventeen years.

King James Bible
In the three and twentieth year of Joash the son of Ahaziah king of Judah Jehoahaz the son of Jehu began to reign over Israel in Samaria,and reigned seventeen years.

New King James Version
In the twenty-third year of Joash the son of Ahaziah, king of Judah, Jehoahaz the son of Jehu became king over Israel in Samaria,and reigned seventeen years.

New American Standard Bible
In the twenty-third year of Joash the son of Ahaziah, king of Judah, Jehoahaz the son of Jehu became king over Israel at Samaria,and he reigned for seventeen years.

NASB 1995
In the twenty-third year of Joash the son of Ahaziah, king of Judah, Jehoahaz the son of Jehu became king over Israel at Samaria, and he reigned seventeen years.

NASB 1977
In the twenty-third year of Joash the son of Ahaziah, king of Judah, Jehoahaz the son of Jehu became king over Israel at Samaria,and he reigned seventeen years.

Legacy Standard Bible
In the twenty-third year of Joash the son of Ahaziah, king of Judah, Jehoahaz the son of Jehu became king over Israel at Samaria,and he reigned seventeen years.

Amplified Bible
In the twenty-third year of Joash the son of Ahaziah, king of Judah, Jehoahaz the son of Jehu became king over Israel in Samaria,and he reigned seventeen years.

Christian Standard Bible
In the twenty-third year of Judah’s King Joash son of Ahaziah, Jehoahaz son of Jehu became king over Israel in Samaria, and he reigned seventeen years.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
In the twenty-third year of Judah’s King Joash son of Ahaziah, Jehoahaz son of Jehu became king over Israel in Samaria and reigned 17 years.

American Standard Version
In the three and twentieth year of Joash the son of Ahaziah, king of Judah, Jehoahaz the son of Jehu began to reign over Israel in Samaria, and reigned seventeen years.

Contemporary English Version
Jehoahaz son of Jehu became king of Israel in the twenty-third year of Joash's rule in Judah. Jehoahaz ruled 17 years from Samaria

English Revised Version
In the three and twentieth year of Joash the son of Ahaziah, king of Judah, Jehoahaz the son of Jehu began to reign over Israel in Samaria, and reigned seventeen years.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Ahaziah's son King Joash of Judah was in his twenty-third year as king of Judah when Jehoahaz, son of Jehu, began to rule in Samaria as king of Israel. He ruled for 17 years.

Good News Translation
In the twenty-third year of the reign of Joash son of Ahaziah as king of Judah, Jehoahaz son of Jehu became king of Israel, and he ruled in Samaria for seventeen years.

International Standard Version
During the twenty-third year of the reign of Ahaziah's son Joash, king of Judah, Jehu's son Jehoahaz began his seventeen year reign in Samaria over Israel.

NET Bible
In the twenty-third year of the reign of Judah's King Joash son of Ahaziah, Jehu's son Jehoahaz became king over Israel. He reigned in Samaria for seventeen years.

New Heart English Bible
In the three and twentieth year of Joash the son of Ahaziah, king of Judah, Jehoahaz the son of Jehu began to reign over Israel in Samaria for seventeen years.

Webster's Bible Translation
In the three and twentieth year of Joash the son of Ahaziah king of Judah, Jehoahaz the son of Jehu began to reign over Israel in Samaria, and reigned seventeen years.
Majority Text Translations
Majority Standard Bible
In the twenty-third year of the reign of Joash son of Ahaziah over Judah, Jehoahaz son of Jehu became king of Israel, and he reigned in Samaria seventeen years.

World English Bible
In the twenty-third year of Joash the son of Ahaziah, king of Judah, Jehoahaz the son of Jehu began to reign over Israel in Samaria for seventeen years.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
In the twenty-third year of Joash son of Ahaziah, king of Judah, Jehoahaz son of Jehu has reigned over Israel in Samaria, seventeen years,

Young's Literal Translation
In the twenty and third year of Joash son of Ahaziah king of Judah, hath Jehoahaz son of Jehu reigned over Israel, in Samaria -- seventeen years,

Smith's Literal Translation
In the twentieth year and third year to Joash son of Ahaziah king of Judah, Jehoahaz son of Jehu, reigned over Israel in Shomeron seventeen years.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
In the three and twentieth year of Joas son of Ochozias king of Juda, Joachaz the son of Jehu reigned over Israel in Samaria, seventeen years.

Catholic Public Domain Version
In the twenty-third year of Joash, the son of Ahaziah, the king of Judah, Jehoahaz, the son of Jehu, reigned over Israel, in Samaria, for seventeen years.

New American Bible
In the twenty-third year of Joash, son of Ahaziah, king of Judah, Jehoahaz, son of Jehu, became king over Israel in Samaria for seventeen years.

New Revised Standard Version
In the twenty-third year of King Joash son of Ahaziah of Judah, Jehoahaz son of Jehu began to reign over Israel in Samaria; he reigned seventeen years.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
IN the twenty-third year of Joash the son of Ahaziah king of Judah, Jehoahaz the son of Jehu began to reign over Israel in Samaria, and he reigned seventeen years.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
In the twentythird year of Yoash, son of Ekhazyah, King of Yehuda, Yahuakhaz, son of Yahu was made king over Israel in Samaria for seventeen years.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
In the three and twentieth year of Joash the son of Ahaziah, king of Judah, Jehoahaz the son of Jehu began to reign over Israel in Samaria, and reigned seventeen years.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
In the twenty-third year of Joas son of Ochozias king of Juda began Joachaz the son of Ju to reign in Samaria,and he reigned seventeen years.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Jehoahaz Reigns in Israel
1In the twenty-thirdyearof the reignof Joashsonof Ahaziahover Judah,Jehoahazsonof Jehubecame kingofIsrael,and he reigned in Samariaseventeenyears.2And he did evil in the sight of the LORD and followed the sins that Jeroboam son of Nebat had caused Israel to commit; he did not turn away from them.…

Cross References
2 Kings 10:35
And Jehu rested with his fathers and was buried in Samaria, and his son Jehoahaz reigned in his place.

2 Kings 14:23
In the fifteenth year of the reign of Amaziah son of Joash over Judah, Jeroboam son of Jehoash became king of Israel, and he reigned in Samaria forty-one years.

2 Kings 12:1
In the seventh year of Jehu, Joash became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem forty years. His mother’s name was Zibiah; she was from Beersheba.

2 Kings 14:16
And Jehoash rested with his fathers and was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel. And his son Jeroboam reigned in his place.

2 Kings 15:8
In the thirty-eighth year of Azariah’s reign over Judah, Zechariah son of Jeroboam became king of Israel, and he reigned in Samaria six months.

2 Kings 3:1
In the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat’s reign over Judah, Jehoram son of Ahab became king of Israel, and he reigned in Samaria twelve years.

2 Kings 9:29
(In the eleventh year of Joram son of Ahab, Ahaziah had become king over Judah.)

2 Kings 8:16
In the fifth year of the reign of Joram son of Ahab over Israel, Jehoram son of Jehoshaphat succeeded his father as king of Judah.

2 Kings 1:17
So Ahaziah died according to the word of the LORD that Elijah had spoken. And since he had no son, Jehoram succeeded him in the second year of the reign of Jehoram son of Jehoshaphat over Judah.

2 Kings 14:1
In the second year of the reign of Jehoash son of Jehoahaz over Israel, Amaziah son of Joash became king of Judah.

2 Kings 15:1
In the twenty-seventh year of Jeroboam’s reign over Israel, Azariah son of Amaziah became king of Judah.

2 Kings 13:10
In the thirty-seventh year of the reign of Joash over Judah, Jehoash son of Jehoahaz became king of Israel in Samaria, and he reigned sixteen years.

2 Kings 14:17
Amaziah son of Joash king of Judah lived for fifteen years after the death of Jehoash son of Jehoahaz king of Israel.

2 Kings 15:32
In the second year of the reign of Pekah son of Remaliah over Israel, Jotham son of Uzziah became king of Judah.

2 Kings 16:1
In the seventeenth year of Pekah son of Remaliah, Ahaz son of Jotham became king of Judah.


Treasury of Scripture

In the three and twentieth year of Joash the son of Ahaziah king of Judah Jehoahaz the son of Jehu began to reign over Israel in Samaria, and reigned seventeen years.

2 Kings 8:26
Two and twenty years oldwas Ahaziah when he began to reign; and he reigned one year in Jerusalem. And his mother's namewas Athaliah, the daughter of Omri king of Israel.

2 Kings 10:36
And the time that Jehu reigned over Israel in Samariawas twenty and eight years.

2 Kings 11:4,21
And the seventh year Jehoiada sent and fetched the rulers over hundreds, with the captains and the guard, and brought them to him into the house of the LORD, and made a covenant with them, and took an oath of them in the house of the LORD, and shewed them the king's son…

Jehoahaz

2 Kings 10:35
And Jehu slept with his fathers: and they buried him in Samaria. And Jehoahaz his son reigned in his stead.

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2 Kings 13
1.Jehoahaz's wicked reign
3.Jehoahaz, oppressed by Hazael, is relieved by prayer
8.Joash succeeds him
10.His wicked reign
12.Jeroboam succeeds him
14.Elisha dying, prophesies to Joash three victories over the Syrians
20.The Moabites invading the land, Elisha's bones raise a dead man.
22.Joash gets three victories over Ben-hadad














In the twenty-third year of the reign of Joash son of Ahaziah over Judah
This phrase sets the chronological context for the events described. Joash, also known as Jehoash, was a king of Judah who began his reign as a child after being hidden from Athaliah's massacre. His reign is noted for the restoration of the temple in Jerusalem (2 Kings 12:4-16). The mention of Joash's reign provides a timeline for Jehoahaz's ascension in Israel, highlighting the divided kingdom period when Israel and Judah were separate entities. This division followed the reign of Solomon and was a result of the people's rebellion and God's judgment (1 Kings 11:11-13).

Jehoahaz son of Jehu became king of Israel
Jehoahaz was the son of Jehu, who was anointed by the prophet Elisha to destroy the house of Ahab and eradicate Baal worship from Israel (2 Kings 9-10). Jehu's dynasty was promised a four-generation rule over Israel as a reward for his zeal (2 Kings 10:30). Jehoahaz's reign is marked by continued idolatry and oppression by the Arameans, reflecting the spiritual decline of Israel despite Jehu's initial reforms. This highlights the recurring theme of Israel's unfaithfulness and the consequences of turning away from God.

and he reigned in Samaria seventeen years
Samaria was the capital of the Northern Kingdom of Israel, established by Omri (1 Kings 16:24). It served as the political and religious center of the northern tribes. Jehoahaz's seventeen-year reign in Samaria was characterized by military defeats and subjugation by Hazael and Ben-Hadad of Aram (2 Kings 13:3). This period of oppression was a direct result of Israel's idolatry and disobedience to God's covenant. The mention of Samaria also foreshadows its eventual fall to the Assyrians in 722 BC, as prophesied by Amos and Hosea, due to persistent sin and rebellion.

Persons / Places / Events
1.Joash (Jehoash) son of Ahaziah
King of Judah during the time Jehoahaz became king of Israel. His reign provides a chronological marker for the events in Israel.

2.Jehoahaz son of Jehu
Became king of Israel in Samaria. His reign is marked by struggles against the Arameans and a return to the sins of Jeroboam.

3.Jehu
Father of Jehoahaz, known for eradicating Baal worship in Israel but failing to remove the golden calves at Bethel and Dan.

4.Samaria
The capital of the Northern Kingdom of Israel, where Jehoahaz reigned.

5.Israel
The Northern Kingdom, distinct from Judah, often characterized by its idolatry and political instability during this period.
Teaching Points
The Importance of Spiritual Leadership
Jehoahaz's reign illustrates the impact of a leader's spiritual decisions on a nation. Despite Jehu's initial zeal, his failure to fully turn Israel back to God led to continued idolatry and suffering.

Consequences of Partial Obedience
The account of Jehoahaz reminds us that partial obedience to God can lead to prolonged consequences. True repentance and full obedience are necessary for God's blessing.

God's Sovereignty Amidst Human Failure
Despite the failures of Israel's kings, God remains sovereign and continues to work His purposes. This encourages us to trust in God's ultimate plan, even when human leaders fall short.

The Role of Repentance
The account encourages personal reflection on areas of life where we may be holding onto "golden calves" and calls us to genuine repentance and renewal.
Bible Study Questions and Answers
1.What is the meaning of 2 Kings 13:1?

2.How does Jehoahaz's reign reflect Israel's spiritual state in 2 Kings 13:1?

3.What lessons can we learn from Jehoahaz's leadership for today's leaders?

4.How does 2 Kings 13:1 connect with God's covenant promises to Israel?

5.In what ways can we avoid repeating Israel's mistakes in our lives?

6.How can we seek God's guidance when facing leadership challenges today?

7.What historical evidence supports the events described in 2 Kings 13:1?

8.How does 2 Kings 13:1 fit into the overall narrative of the Kings of Israel?

9.What theological themes are introduced in 2 Kings 13:1?

10.What are the top 10 Lessons from 2 Kings 13?

11.2 Kings 13:1–9 – Is there extrabiblical or archaeological evidence that confirms Jehoahaz’s reign, or does the absence of such data cast doubt on the historicity of this passage?

12.Who was King Jehoahaz in biblical history?

13.In 1 Kings 15:2, why does Abijam's mother appear as 'Maachah,' while 2 Chronicles 13:2 identifies her differently?

14.2 Chronicles 13 compared with 1 Kings 15:3 - Why does Abijah appear more faithful in Chronicles than in Kings, and what might explain this seeming discrepancy?
What Does 2 Kings 13:1 Mean
In the twenty-third year of the reign of Joash son of Ahaziah over Judah

“ ‘In the twenty-third year of the reign of Joash son of Ahaziah over Judah…’ ” (2 Kings 13:1)

• The verse anchors us in real time. God’s Word presents history, not myth.

• Joash (also called Jehoash) ruled Judah from Jerusalem (2 Kings 12:1–2). The specific “twenty-third year” signals God’s precision, just asGenesis 7:11 timestamps the flood.

• Setting the scene in Judah first reminds us that although the kingdom was divided, the Lord still tracked both thrones (1 Kings 15:9–10). He remains sovereign over every ruler (Proverbs 21:1).

• This date lets readers connect prophetic ministries that overlapped—Elisha was still alive (2 Kings 13:14), so God’s prophetic voice continued even amid political turmoil.

Jehoahaz son of Jehu became king of Israel

• Jehoahaz inherits the northern throne from his father Jehu, the zealot who wiped out Ahab’s house (2 Kings 10:28–31).

– God had promised Jehu “four generations” on Israel’s throne (2 Kings 10:30). Jehoahaz is step 2 in that promise, proving the Lord keeps His word (Numbers 23:19).

• Although Jehu began with zeal, both father and son failed to leave the golden calves (2 Kings 10:29; 13:2).

• Jehoahaz’s accession shows that political change doesn’t guarantee spiritual renewal. Only wholehearted obedience brings blessing (Deuteronomy 30:15–18).

• The contrast with Judah’s Joash—who at least started well under Jehoiada’s guidance (2 Chronicles 24:2)—highlights the diverging spiritual trajectories of the two kingdoms.

and he reigned in Samaria seventeen years

• Samaria, founded by Omri (1 Kings 16:24), remained Israel’s capital. The city’s name here underscores that Jehoahaz lived at the center of northern idolatry (Hosea 8:5–6).

• Seventeen years is a significant span—long enough for policy, worship, and national character to be shaped.

– During those years Israel suffered oppression from Aram (Syria) because of persistent sin (2 Kings 13:3, 7).

– Yet the Lord still listened when Jehoahaz sought His favor (2 Kings 13:4–5). Grace surfaces even in seasons of judgment, reflecting God’s patient heart (Exodus 34:6).

• The length of the reign implicitly invites readers to consider its fruit. Chronicles of faithful kings often note reforms and victories; here the record is mostly hardship, reinforcingGalatians 6:7—“God is not mocked; whatever a man sows, that he will also reap.”

summary

2 Kings 13:1 is far more than a date stamp. It testifies that God rules history, keeps promises, and tracks every choice of every king. The verse marks the overlap of Judah’s Joash and Israel’s Jehoahaz, signaling a season when the northern kingdom persisted in idolatry despite divine patience. By recording real years, real cities, and real reigns, Scripture reminds us that the Lord’s dealings with nations are literal and precise, calling every generation to wholehearted obedience.

XIII.

(1-3)THE REIGN OF JEHOAHAZ.

(1)In the three and twentieth year of Joash.--Josephus makes it the twenty-first year of Joash, but wrongly. According to2Kings 12:1, Joash succeeded in the seventh year of Jehu, and Jehu reigned twentyeight years (2Kings 10:36).

Seventeen years.--This agrees with2Kings 14:1.

(2)And he did.--See Notes on2Kings 3:3. . . .

Verse 1. -In the three and twentieth year of Joash; rather, as in Josephus ('Ant. Jud.,' 9:8. § 5),in the one and twentieth year. This is a correction required by ver. 10 and also by2 Kings 12:1. The proof is given at somewhat tedious length by Keil ('Biblical Commentary,' pp. 373, 374) and Bahr ('Books of the Kings,' pp. 139, 140). It seems unnecessary to enter into a lengthy discussion of the point, since all the synchronisms of the later kings of Israel and Judah are in confusion, and appear to be the work of a later hand.The son of Ahaziah (comp.2 Kings 11:2;2 Chronicles 22:11)King of Judah, Jehoahaz the son of Jehu began to reign over Israel; literally,reigned over Israel. The "later hand," which inserted the synchronism, neglected to bring the two portions of the verse into agreement. Our translators have sought to cover up his omission by translatingmalak "began toreign," and then supplying "and reigned" in the next clause. And reignedseventeen years (so also Josephus,l.s.c.).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
In the twenty-third
עֶשְׂרִ֤ים(‘eś·rîm)
Number - common plural
Strong's 6242:Twenty, twentieth

year
בִּשְׁנַ֨ת(biš·naṯ)
Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 8141:A year

of the reign
מֶ֣לֶךְ(me·leḵ)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 4428:A king

of Joash
לְיוֹאָ֥שׁ(lə·yō·w·’āš)
Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3101:Joash

son
בֶּן־(ben-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1121:A son

of Ahaziah
אֲחַזְיָ֖הוּ(’ă·ḥaz·yā·hū)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 274:Ahaziah -- 'Yah has grasped', the name of several Israelites

over Judah,
יְהוּדָ֑ה(yə·hū·ḏāh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3063:Judah -- 'praised', a son of Jacob, also the southern kingdom, also four Israelites

Jehoahaz
יְהוֹאָחָ֨ז(yə·hō·w·’ā·ḥāz)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3059:Jehoahaz -- 'Yah has grasped', the name of several Israelites

son
בֶּן־(ben-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1121:A son

of Jehu
יֵה֤וּא(yê·hū)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3058:Jehu -- 'the LORD is He', the name of several Israelites

became king
מָ֠לַךְ(mā·laḵ)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 4427:To reign, inceptively, to ascend the throne, to induct into royalty, to take counsel

of
עַל־(‘al-)
Preposition
Strong's 5921:Above, over, upon, against

Israel,
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙(yiś·rā·’êl)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3478:Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc

[and he reigned] in Samaria
בְּשֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן(bə·šō·mə·rō·wn)
Preposition-b | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 8111:Samaria -- capital of northern kingdom of Israel

seventeen
שְׁבַ֥ע(šə·ḇa‘)
Number - feminine singular construct
Strong's 7651:Seven, seven times, a week, an indefinite number

years.
שָׁנָ֔ה(šā·nāh)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 8141:A year


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OT History: 2 Kings 13:1 In the three and twentieth year (2Ki iiKi ii ki 2 kg 2kg)
2 Kings 12:21
2 Kings 13:2
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