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1 Kings 4:21,24
And Solomon reigned over all kingdoms from the river unto the land of the Philistines, and unto the border of Egypt: they brought presents, and served Solomon all the days of his life…

Psalm 72:8-11
He shall have dominion also from sea to sea, and from the river unto the ends of the earth…

Daniel 7:14
And there was given him dominion, and glory, and a kingdom, that all people, nations, and languages, should serve him: his dominionis an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and his kingdomthat which shall not be destroyed.

river.

Genesis 15:18
In the same day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, Unto thy seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates:

Exodus 23:31
And I will set thy bounds from the Red sea even unto the sea of the Philistines, and from the desert unto the river: for I will deliver the inhabitants of the land into your hand; and thou shalt drive them out before thee.

Joshua 13:2-7
Thisis the land that yet remaineth: all the borders of the Philistines, and all Geshuri, …

from the Euphrates
The Euphrates River is one of the most significant rivers in the ancient Near East, often considered a natural boundary for the land promised to Israel (Genesis 15:18). Solomon's control extending to the Euphrates signifies the vastness of his kingdom, aligning with the territorial promises made to Abraham. This area was crucial for trade and military strategy, enhancing Israel's economic and political power.

to the land of the Philistines
The Philistines were a significant group in the coastal region of Canaan, often at odds with Israel during the time of the Judges and early monarchy. Solomon's reign over this area indicates a period of subjugation and peace with former adversaries. This control over the Philistines demonstrates the fulfillment of God's promise to subdue Israel's enemies (2 Samuel 7:1).

as far as the border of Egypt
Egypt was a powerful and influential neighbor to the south of Israel. Solomon's influence reaching the border of Egypt signifies a period of stability and diplomatic relations, as evidenced by his marriage alliance with Pharaoh's daughter (1 Kings 3:1). This phrase underscores the extent of Solomon's peaceful reign, which allowed for alliances and trade with Egypt, further enriching Israel. Solomon's wisdom and wealth, as described in1 Kings 10, prefigure the peace and prosperity of Christ's future kingdom.

“Solomon reigned over all the kings” (2 Chronicles 9:26a).

• This is a literal statement of Solomon’s unrivaled dominance during Israel’s golden era, echoed in1 Kings 4:21, “Solomon reigned over all the kingdoms from the Euphrates River to the land of the Philistines and to the border of Egypt”.

• The phrase “all the kings” emphasizes vassal rulers who paid tribute (2 Chronicles 9:23-24). None could challenge the throne that God established (2 Samuel 7:13).

•Psalm 72:8-11 pictures a king whose reign extends “from sea to sea” and whose rivals “bow before him,” an immediate reference to Solomon and an ultimate foreshadowing of Christ’s universal reign (Revelation 11:15).

The Euphrates River marked Israel’s northeastern frontier.

•Genesis 15:18 promised Abraham land “from the river of Egypt to the great river, the Euphrates”. Solomon’s borders match that covenant line, showing God’s word fulfilled in real geography.

•1 Chronicles 18:3 notes Solomon’s father David had “gained control of the full length of the Euphrates”; Solomon retains—and administrates—that territory, turning conquest into stable rule.

•Deuteronomy 11:24 assured Israel, “Every place where you set your foot will be yours,” and the Euphrates is named. Under Solomon that promise is tangibly realized.

Moving westward, the text sets Philistia as another boundary.

• Philistine cities once threatened Israel (1 Samuel 17:23-24), yet in Solomon’s day they lay in peaceful subjection (1 Kings 4:24).

• The contrast highlights God’s deliverance: enemies who once dominated now recognize Israel’s king (2 Chronicles 9:28).

•Isaiah 14:29-32 later recalls Philistia’s downfall as evidence that the LORD protects Zion; Solomon’s era offers an early snapshot of that truth.

Southward dominance extended “as far as the border of Egypt.”

• Egypt had enslaved Israel, but Solomon forged trade and marriage alliances (1 Kings 3:1; 10:28-29) from a position of strength, not subservience.

• The “river of Egypt” boundary again ties to the Abrahamic covenant (Genesis 15:18).

• By controlling caravans and chariot routes between Egypt and Mesopotamia, Solomon enriched Jerusalem (2 Chronicles 9:13-14) and displayed the wisdom God gave him (1 Kings 10:23-24).

2 Chronicles 9:26 records the literal, far-reaching scope of Solomon’s rule—north to the Euphrates, west into Philistia, south to Egypt’s border. Every phrase confirms God’s covenant promises, showcases divine blessing on obedient kingship, and anticipates the perfect, global reign of the Son of David yet to come.

Parallel Commentaries ...