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◄ 1 Samuel 4:21►

New International Version
She named the boy Ichabod, saying, “The Glory has departed from Israel"—because of the capture of the ark of God and the deaths of her father-in-law and her husband.

New Living Translation
She named the child Ichabod (which means “Where is the glory?”), for she said, “Israel’s glory is gone.” She named him this because the Ark of God had been captured and because her father-in-law and husband were dead.

English Standard Version
And she named the child Ichabod, saying, “The glory has departed from Israel!” because the ark of God had been captured and because of her father-in-law and her husband.

Berean Standard Bible
And she named the boy Ichabod, saying, “The glory has departed from Israel,” because the ark of God had been captured and her father-in-law and her husband had been killed.

King James Bible
And she named the child Ichabod, saying, The glory is departed from Israel: because the ark of God was taken, and because of her father in law and her husband.

New King James Version
Then she named the child Ichabod, saying, “The glory has departed from Israel!” because the ark of God had been captured and because of her father-in-law and her husband.

New American Standard Bible
And she named the boy Ichabod, saying, “The glory has departed from Israel,” because the ark of God had been taken and because of her father-in-law and her husband.

NASB 1995
And she called the boy Ichabod, saying, “The glory has departed from Israel,” because the ark of God was taken and because of her father-in-law and her husband.

NASB 1977
And she called the boy Ichabod, saying, “The glory has departed from Israel,” because the ark of God was taken and because of her father-in-law and her husband.

Legacy Standard Bible
And she called the boy Ichabod, saying, “The glory has departed from Israel,” because the ark of God was taken and because of her father-in-law and her husband.

Amplified Bible
And she named the boy Ichabod, saying, “The glory has left Israel,” because the ark of God had been taken and because of [the deaths of] her father-in-law and her husband.

Christian Standard Bible
She named the boy Ichabod, saying, “The glory has departed from Israel,” referring to the capture of the ark of God and to the deaths of her father-in-law and her husband.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
She named the boy Ichabod, saying, “The glory has departed from Israel,” referring to the capture of the ark of God and to the deaths of her father-in-law and her husband.

American Standard Version
And she named the child Ichabod, saying, The glory is departed from Israel; because the ark of God was taken, and because of her father-in-law and her husband.

English Revised Version
And she named the child Ichabod, saying, The glory is departed from Israel: because the ark of God was taken, and because of her father in law and her husband.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
She called the boy Ichabod [No Glory], saying, "Israel's glory is gone," because the ark of God had been captured and because her father-in-law and her husband [died].

Good News Translation
She named the boy Ichabod, explaining, "God's glory has left Israel"--referring to the capture of the Covenant Box and the death of her father-in-law and her husband.

International Standard Version
She had named the boy Ichabod, saying, "Glory has departed from Israel," because the Ark of God had been captured and because her father-in-law and husband were dead.

NET Bible
She named the boy Ichabod, saying, "The glory has departed from Israel," referring to the capture of the ark of God and the deaths of her father-in-law and her husband.

New Heart English Bible
And she named the boy Ichabod, because of the ark of God, and because of her father-in-law and her husband.

Webster's Bible Translation
And she named the child I-chabod, saying, The glory hath departed from Israel. (Because the ark of God was taken, and because of her father-in-law and her husband.)

Majority Text Translations

Majority Standard Bible
And she named the boy Ichabod, saying, “The glory has departed from Israel,” because the ark of God had been captured and her father-in-law and her husband had been killed.

World English Bible
She named the child Ichabod, saying, “The glory has departed from Israel!” because God’s ark was taken, and because of her father-in-law and her husband.

Literal Translations

Literal Standard Version
and she calls the youth Ichabod, saying, “Glory has removed from Israel,” because of the taking of the Ark of God, and because of her father-in-law and her husband.

Young's Literal Translation
and she calleth the youth I-Chabod, saying, 'Honour hath removed from Israel,' because of the taking of the ark of God, and because of her father-in-law and her husband.

Smith's Literal Translation
And she will call the boy, Where the Glory? saying, The glory uncovered from Israel: (for the taking of the ark of God, and for her father-in-law, and her husband.)

Catholic Translations

Douay-Rheims Bible
And she called the child Ichabod, saying: The glory is gone from Israel, because the ark of God was taken, and for her father in law, and her husband:

Catholic Public Domain Version
And she called the boy Ichabod, saying, “The glory of Israel has been taken away,” because the ark of God was captured, and because of her father-in-law and her husband.

New American Bible
She named the child Ichabod, saying, “Gone is the glory from Israel,” referring to the capture of the ark of God and to her father-in-law and her husband.

New Revised Standard Version
She named the child Ichabod, meaning, “The glory has departed from Israel,” because the ark of God had been captured and because of her father-in-law and her husband.

Translations from Aramaic

Lamsa Bible
And she named the child Jochabar, saying, The glory is departed from Israel; because the ark of God was taken, and because of her father-in-law and her husband.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And she called the name of the boy Yukabar and she said: “The glory has passed from Israel”, because the Ark of God was taken, and because of her father in law and because of her husband

OT Translations

JPS Tanakh 1917
And she named the child Ichabod, saying: 'The glory is departed from Israel'; because the ark of God was taken, and because of her father-in-law and her husband.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And she called the child Uaebarchaboth, because of the ark of God, and because of her father-in-law, and because of her husband.

Additional Translations ...

Audio Bible

Context

The Death of Eli
…20As she was dying, the women attending to her said, “Do not be afraid, for you have given birth to a son!” But she did not respond or pay any heed.21And she named the boy Ichabod,saying,“The glory has departed from Israel,”because the ark of God had been captured and her father-in-law and her husband had been killed.22“The glory has departed from Israel,” she said, “for the ark of God has been captured.”…

Berean Standard Bible ·Download

Cross References

Ezekiel 10:18-19
Then the glory of the LORD moved away from the threshold of the temple and stood above the cherubim. / As I watched, the cherubim lifted their wings and rose up from the ground, with the wheels beside them as they went. And they stopped at the entrance of the east gate of the house of the LORD, with the glory of the God of Israel above them.

Ezekiel 11:22-23
Then the cherubim, with the wheels beside them, spread their wings, and the glory of the God of Israel was above them. / And the glory of the LORD rose up from within the city and stood over the mountain east of the city.

Psalm 78:60-61
He abandoned the tabernacle of Shiloh, the tent He had pitched among men. / He delivered His strength to captivity, and His splendor to the hand of the adversary.

Jeremiah 7:12-14
But go now to the place in Shiloh where I first made a dwelling for My Name, and see what I did to it because of the wickedness of My people Israel. / And now, because you have done all these things, declares the LORD, and because I have spoken to you again and again but you would not listen, and I have called to you but you would not answer, / therefore what I did to Shiloh I will now do to the house that bears My Name, the house in which you trust, the place that I gave to you and your fathers.

Lamentations 2:1
How the Lord has covered the Daughter of Zion with the cloud of His anger! He has cast the glory of Israel from heaven to earth. He has abandoned His footstool in the day of His anger.

Hosea 9:12
Even if they raise their children, I will bereave them of each one. Yes, woe be to them when I turn away from them!

Judges 18:30-31
The Danites set up idols for themselves, and Jonathan son of Gershom, the son of Moses, and his sons were priests for the tribe of Dan until the day of the captivity of the land. / So they set up for themselves Micah’s graven image, and it was there the whole time the house of God was in Shiloh.

2 Kings 17:18-20
So the LORD was very angry with Israel, and He removed them from His presence. Only the tribe of Judah remained, / and even Judah did not keep the commandments of the LORD their God, but lived according to the customs Israel had introduced. / So the LORD rejected all the descendants of Israel. He afflicted them and delivered them into the hands of plunderers, until He had banished them from His presence.

Isaiah 42:8
I am the LORD; that is My name! I will not yield My glory to another or My praise to idols.

Jeremiah 26:6
then I will make this house like Shiloh, and I will make this city an object of cursing among all the nations of the earth.’”

Matthew 23:38
Look, your house is left to you desolate.

Luke 13:35
Look, your house is left to you desolate. And I tell you that you will not see Me again until you say, ‘Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord.’”

Romans 9:4
the people of Israel. Theirs is the adoption as sons; theirs the divine glory and the covenants; theirs the giving of the law, the temple worship, and the promises.

Revelation 2:5
Therefore, keep in mind how far you have fallen. Repent and perform the deeds you did at first. But if you do not repent, I will come to you and remove your lampstand from its place.

John 1:14
The Word became flesh and made His dwelling among us. We have seen His glory, the glory of the one and only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth.

Treasury of Scripture

And she named the child Ichabod, saying, The glory is departed from Israel: because the ark of God was taken, and because of her father in law and her husband.

I-chabod.

Psalm 26:8
LORD, I have loved the habitation of thy house, and the place where thine honour dwelleth.

Psalm 78:61,64
And delivered his strength into captivity, and his glory into the enemy's hand…

Psalm 106:20
Thus they changed their glory into the similitude of an ox that eateth grass.

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1 Samuel 4

1.The Israelites are overcome by the Philistines at Ebenezer
3.They fetch the ark unto the terror of the Philistines
10.They are smitten again, the ark taken, and Hophni and Phinehas are slain
12.Eli at the news, falling backward, breaks his neck
19.Phinehas's wife, discouraged in her travail with Ichabod, dies

Study Bible

Book ◦ Chapter

And she named the boy Ichabod
The name "Ichabod" means "no glory" or "where is the glory?" This naming reflects the deep despair and sense of loss felt by the Israelites. Naming in biblical times often carried significant meaning, reflecting circumstances or prophetic insights. The mother of Ichabod, Phinehas's wife, chose this name to signify the tragic events surrounding the birth of her son.

saying, “The glory has departed from Israel,”
The "glory" refers to the presence and favor of God, often associated with the Ark of the Covenant, which symbolized God's dwelling among His people. The departure of glory indicates a severe spiritual and national crisis. This phrase echoes the sentiment found inEzekiel 10, where the glory of the Lord departs from the temple, symbolizing judgment and the withdrawal of divine presence due to Israel's unfaithfulness.

because the ark of God had been captured
The Ark of the Covenant was central to Israelite worship and represented God's covenant with His people. Its capture by the Philistines was not just a military defeat but a spiritual catastrophe, suggesting that God had allowed His people to be judged due to their disobedience and the corruption of the priesthood, as seen in the earlier chapters of 1 Samuel.

and her father-in-law and her husband had been killed.
Eli, the high priest, and his sons, Hophni and Phinehas, had been judged by God for their sins, as prophesied in1 Samuel 2:27-36. Their deaths marked the end of Eli's priestly line and highlighted the consequences of failing to honor God. This event underscores the theme of divine justice and the importance of faithful leadership in Israel.

Persons / Places / Events

1.Ichabod
The newborn son of Phinehas and the grandson of Eli. His name means "no glory" or "where is the glory?" reflecting the tragic circumstances of his birth.

2.Phinehas
A priest and the son of Eli, who died in battle against the Philistines. His death, along with his brother's, marked a significant loss for Israel.

3.Eli
The high priest and judge of Israel, whose death followed the news of the ark's capture and the death of his sons.

4.The Ark of God
A sacred chest that represented God's presence with Israel. Its capture by the Philistines symbolized a severe spiritual and national crisis.

5.The Philistines
A neighboring people and frequent adversaries of Israel, who captured the ark during a battle, leading to the events described in this passage.

Teaching Points

The Consequences of Disobedience
Israel's loss of the ark was a direct result of their disobedience and failure to honor God. This serves as a reminder of the importance of living in accordance with God's commands.

The Presence of God
The capture of the ark symbolizes the departure of God's presence. It challenges us to consider how we maintain God's presence in our lives through faith and obedience.

The Danger of Complacency
Israel's reliance on the ark as a talisman rather than a symbol of God's covenant highlights the danger of complacency in our spiritual lives.

The Role of Leadership
The failures of Eli and his sons underscore the critical role of godly leadership and the impact of leaders' actions on the community.

Hope in Despair
Despite the grim circumstances, the account of Ichabod reminds us that God’s plans and purposes continue, even in times of apparent defeat.

Bible Study Questions and Answers

1.What is the meaning of 1 Samuel 4:21?

2.What does "Ichabod" signify about God's presence in 1 Samuel 4:21?

3.How does 1 Samuel 4:21 warn against neglecting God's commandments?

4.Connect 1 Samuel 4:21 with other instances of God's glory departing in Scripture.

5.How can we ensure God's presence remains in our lives today?

6.What lessons from 1 Samuel 4:21 apply to maintaining faithfulness in modern times?

7.What does the name "Ichabod" signify in 1 Samuel 4:21, and why is it significant?

8.How does 1 Samuel 4:21 reflect the spiritual state of Israel at that time?

9.Why was the Ark of the Covenant's capture so devastating in 1 Samuel 4:21?

10.What are the top 10 Lessons from 1 Samuel 4?

11.What is the biblical meaning of "Ichabod"?

12.How does the apparent supernatural element of the Ark in 1 Samuel 4 fit with modern scientific understanding?

13.Is there any archaeological evidence to support the Philistines' capture of the Ark in 1 Samuel 4?

14.Ezekiel 11:23 describes the departure of God’s glory from the Temple—how can we verify whether this was a real event or a later literary construct?

What Does 1 Samuel 4:21 Mean

She named the boy Ichabod

• In Israelite life, names often captured a moment’s spiritual significance—think of Rachel’s dying breath naming her son “Ben-Oni” before Jacob called him Benjamin (Genesis 35:18) or Isaiah’s son Maher-Shalal-Hash-Baz foreshadowing swift judgment (Isaiah 8:3–4).

• By choosing “Ichabod,” Phinehas’s widow turns her newborn into a living memorial of national crisis. The very sound of the name will remind every listener that something precious has been lost.

• Her action is more than maternal sorrow; it is prophetic. The Lord is using this woman’s anguish to proclaim a theological truth to the whole nation (compareHosea 1:4–9, where Hosea’s children preach by their names).

“The glory has departed from Israel”

• “Glory” in Scripture points to God’s manifest presence—His weighty, dazzling nearness that once filled the tabernacle (Exodus 40:34–35) and later the temple (1 Kings 8:10–11).

• To say it has “departed” signals an unspeakable loss: not a temporary military setback but a rupture in the covenant relationship (Ezekiel 10:18;Psalm 78:60–61).

• Her words echo earlier warnings: if Israel persisted in unfaithfulness, the Lord would “hide His face” (Deuteronomy 31:17). In this battle, that warning has become reality.

Because the ark of God had been captured

• The ark was the earthly throne of the invisible King (Numbers 10:35;Joshua 7:6). Israel treated it as a lucky charm (1 Samuel 4:3–5), but God will not be manipulated.

• Its seizure by the Philistines declares that Israel’s sin has forfeited divine protection. The capture shouts what the widow whispers: glory is gone.

• Even so, the coming chapters (1 Samuel 5–6) will show the Lord needs no human army to reclaim His honor; He judges Dagon in his own temple and brings the ark home Himself.

And her father-in-law and her husband had been killed

• Eli, Hophni, and Phinehas fell exactly as foretold (1 Samuel 2:30–34). Their deaths underscore God’s righteousness: corruption in leadership will not be ignored.

• For the widow, the personal blows are crushing, yet she frames her grief around God’s glory rather than her own loss. Spiritual disaster outweighs family tragedy.

• Her perspective invites us to value God’s presence above every earthly relationship (Matthew 10:37). When He is displaced, everything else collapses.

summary

Ichabod’s naming is a living sermon: Israel’s sin has driven away the manifested glory of God, evidenced by the ark’s capture and the fall of corrupt leaders. The verse warns that when people treat holy things lightly, the Lord may withdraw His felt presence—yet the larger narrative hints that He will act on His own to vindicate His glory and restore fellowship with a repentant people.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(21-22)The glory is departed from Israel.--This singular and circumstantial account of the death of the widow of Phinehas, the evil warrior-priest, the son of Eli, which follows directly after the story of the great national disaster, is introduced from the records of that sad time, not from any special interest in the hapless woman and her sad fate, but solely for the purpose of showing how deeply the heart of Israel was penetrated with a love for their God, His Tabernacle, and its sacred contents. It was not the intelligence of her husband's bloody end on the field of battle, or of her father-in-law's death on his throne, or the downfall of her house, which stirred her so painfully; she could have borne all this better than the news that the Ark of the Covenant was in the hands of the idolatrous enemies of God. Von Gerlach remarks that "the wife of this deeply corrupt man shows how penetrated the whole people then was with the sense of the value of its covenant with God."

The meaning of the term I-chabod is much disputed, owing to the doubt which hangs over the first syllable--"I" followed by "chabod." It is usually taken to mean a simple negative; "not:" chabod signifying "glory:" I-chabod thus represents "not glory:"i.e.,there is no glory. Others render the "I" syllable as a query, "Where?" "Where is the glory?" the answer, of course, being, "It is nowhere." But the best rendering seems to be to understand the syllable "I" as an exclamation of bitter sorrow, "Alas !" The name then could be translated,"Alas! the glory."

Parallel Commentaries ...

Hebrew

And she named
וַתִּקְרָ֣א(wat·tiq·rā)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 7121:To call, proclaim, read

the boy
לַנַּ֗עַר(lan·na·‘ar)
Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 5288:A boy, lad, youth, retainer

Ichabod,
כָבוֹד֙(ḵā·ḇō·wḏ)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 350:Ichabod -- 'inglorious', a son of Phinehas

saying,
לֵאמֹ֔ר(lê·mōr)
Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Strong's 559:To utter, say

“The glory
כָב֖וֹד(ḵā·ḇō·wḏ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 3519:Weight, splendor, copiousness

has departed
גָּלָ֥ה(gā·lāh)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1540:To denude, to exile, to reveal

from Israel,”
מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֑ל(mî·yiś·rā·’êl)
Preposition-m | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3478:Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc

because
אֶל־(’el-)
Preposition
Strong's 413:Near, with, among, to

the ark
אֲר֣וֹן(’ă·rō·wn)
Noun - common singular construct
Strong's 727:A chest, ark

of God
הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים(hā·’ĕ·lō·hîm)
Article | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 430:gods -- the supreme God, magistrates, a superlative

had been captured
הִלָּקַח֙(hil·lā·qaḥ)
Verb - Nifal - Infinitive construct
Strong's 3947:To take

[and]
וְאֶל־(wə·’el-)
Conjunctive waw | Preposition
Strong's 413:Near, with, among, to

her father-in-law
חָמִ֖יהָ(ḥā·mî·hā)
Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singular
Strong's 2524:Husband's father

and her husband had been killed.
וְאִישָֽׁהּ׃(wə·’î·šāh)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singular
Strong's 376:A man as an individual, a male person

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OT History: 1 Samuel 4:21 She named the child Ichabod saying (1Sa iSam 1 Sam i sa)