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Saul and the Medium of Endor
…16“Why do you consult me,” asked Samuel, “since the LORD has turned away from you and become your enemy?17Hehas doneexactly whatHe spokethrough me:The LORDhas tornthe kingshipout of your handand given itto your neighborDavid.18Because you did not obey the LORD or carry out His burning anger against Amalek, the LORD has done this to you today.…

Treasury of Scripture

And the LORD has done to him, as he spoke by me: for the LORD has rent the kingdom out of your hand, and given it to your neighbor, even to David:

to him.

Proverbs 16:4
The LORD hath made allthings for himself: yea, even the wicked for the day of evil.

as he spake

1 Samuel 13:13,14
And Samuel said to Saul, Thou hast done foolishly: thou hast not kept the commandment of the LORD thy God, which he commanded thee: for now would the LORD have established thy kingdom upon Israel for ever…

1 Samuel 15:27-29
And as Samuel turned about to go away, he laid hold upon the skirt of his mantle, and it rent…

me [heb] mine hand

1 Samuel 15:28
And Samuel said unto him, The LORD hath rent the kingdom of Israel from thee this day, and hath given it to a neighbour of thine,that is better than thou.

1 Samuel 16:13
Then Samuel took the horn of oil, and anointed him in the midst of his brethren: and the Spirit of the LORD came upon David from that day forward. So Samuel rose up, and went to Ramah.

1 Samuel 24:20
And now, behold, I know well that thou shalt surely be king, and that the kingdom of Israel shall be established in thine hand.

AccordinglyDavidHandHandsKingdomNeighborNeighborsNeighbourPredictedRendethRentTornWroughtAccordinglyDavidHandHandsKingdomNeighborNeighborsNeighbourPredictedRendethRentTornWrought1.Achish puts confidence in David
3.Saul having destroyed the witches
4.and now in his fear forsaken of God
7.has recourse to a witch
8.who, encouraged by Saul, raises up Samuel
15.Saul hearing his ruin, faints
21.The woman and his servants refresh him with meat

He has done exactly what He spoke through me:
This phrase refers to the fulfillment of God's prophecy delivered through the prophet Samuel. In1 Samuel 15:28, Samuel had previously told Saul that the kingdom would be torn from him due to his disobedience. This highlights the theme of divine sovereignty and the certainty of God's word. The role of prophets in Israel was to communicate God's will, and their words were seen as authoritative and binding.

The LORD has torn the kingdom out of your hand:
The imagery of tearing signifies a violent and irreversible action, emphasizing the seriousness of Saul's disobedience. This echoes the earlier incident in1 Samuel 15:27-28, where Saul's robe was torn, symbolizing the kingdom being taken from him. The kingdom of Israel was a theocracy, and Saul's failure to obey God led to his rejection as king. This act of tearing also reflects the covenantal relationship between God and Israel, where obedience was required for blessing.

and given it to your neighbor David:
David, referred to as Saul's "neighbor," was chosen by God to be the next king of Israel. This choice was made in1 Samuel 16 when David was anointed by Samuel. The term "neighbor" signifies proximity and relationship, indicating that David was already within Saul's sphere, serving in his court. David is a type of Christ, as he is a shepherd-king who foreshadows Jesus, the Good Shepherd and King of Kings. The transfer of kingship to David also fulfills God's promise to establish a lasting dynasty through him, as seen in2 Samuel 7:12-16.

1.The LORD
The sovereign God of Israel, who communicates His will and executes His judgment.

2.Samuel
The prophet who, even after his death, delivers God's message to Saul through the medium at Endor.

3.Saul
The first king of Israel, who is facing the consequences of his disobedience to God.

4.David
The neighbor to whom God has given the kingdom, anointed by Samuel as the future king of Israel.

5.Endor
The location where Saul seeks out a medium to communicate with the deceased Samuel.God's Sovereignty and Faithfulness
God's plans and purposes will be fulfilled regardless of human actions. His word, once spoken, will come to pass.

Consequences of Disobedience
Saul's loss of the kingdom is a direct result of his disobedience to God's commands. This serves as a warning about the seriousness of sin and rebellion against God.

The Role of Prophets
Prophets like Samuel are God's messengers, and their words carry divine authority. We should heed the messages of God's Word as delivered through His prophets.

God's Choice and Anointing
David's anointing as king demonstrates that God chooses leaders based on His criteria, not human standards. We should seek to align our lives with God's purposes.

Seeking God, Not Alternatives
Saul's decision to consult a medium highlights the danger of seeking guidance outside of God's provision. We should rely on God and His Word for direction.Top 10 Lessons from 1 Samuel 28

Is there any inconsistency between 2 Samuel 17's account of David's escape and the details in 1 Chronicles, or do the narratives fully align when examined closely?

What laws should govern the actions of kings?

If necromancy is condemned (Deut. 18:9–12), how can 1 Samuel 28:7–25 portray Saul successfully consulting a medium?

Why would God, who had stopped answering Saul (1 Samuel 28:6), allow this forbidden method to convey His message?(17)And the Lord hath done to him.--Render, as in margin of the English Version,the Lord hath done or performed for Himself.The LXX. and Vulg. here needlessly change the text into, "the Lord hath doneto thee."

And given it to thy neighbour . . . David.--Anevilspirit personating Samuel would not have spoken thus; he would not have wished to help David, "the man after God's own heart," to the throne of Israel; nor would an evil spirit have spoken in such solemn terms of the punishment due to rebellion against God.--Bishop Wordsworth,who argues against the supposition that the shade of Samuel was an evil spirit.

Verses 17-19. -Jehovah hath done to him. Rather, "hath wrought for himself;" but the LXX., Vulgate, and some MSS. read "hath doneto thee," as in ver. 18.As he spake by me. See1 Samuel 15:28. Saul's rebellion is there said, in ver. 23, to be a crime as great as the witchcraft which he was at that time so zealously punishing; here, where the sentence is being carried into execution, Saul has himself become guilty of what in his better hours he so abominated.Jehovah will also deliver Israel with thee. Rather, "will deliver Israel also with thee,"i.e. the nation is to share thy punishment.Tomorrow shalt thou and thy sons be with me.I.e. shall be dead. Whence this voice came it is difficult to say. St. Augustine thought that the woman really conjured up a demon, who took the form of Samuel. Maimonides treats the whole as the effect of Saul's diseased imagination; while many modern commentators regard it as a well played piece of jugglery on the part of the woman, who recognised Saul at once on his entrance, but professed not to know him till his name was revealed to her by the pretended apparition, in whose name she reproached him for his crimes, announced to him, what now all were convinced of, that David was to be his successor, and foretold his defeat and death. In the face of such a passage asDeuteronomy 18:10-12 we cannot believe that the Bible would set before us an instance of witchcraft employed with the Divine sanction for holy purposes; but we can easily believe that the woman would gladly take a bitter revenge on the man who had cruelly put to death all persons reputed to have such powers as those to which she laid claim. The object of the narrative is plainly to set before us the completeness of Saul's moral downfall and debasement. Here is the man endowed with so many and so great gifts of genius, and who in so many things started so well and behaved so nobly, the victim of a despairing melancholy; his conscience is blackened with the wholesale massacre of the priesthood, his imagination is ever brooding over the sick fancy of treason plotted by his son-in-law, whom now he supposes to be in the Philistine camp; his enemies have invaded his territory in extraordinary numbers and upon new ground; to him it seems as if they have come to dethrone him and place his crown on David's head. In this dire extremity his one wish is to pry into futurity and learn his fate. There is no submission to God, no sorrow for disobedience, no sign of even a wish for amendment; it is to unholy arts that he looks, simply that he may know what a few more hours will make known to all. Neglecting his duties as a general and king, instead of making wise preparation for the coming fight, he disguises himself, takes a dangerous and wearisome journey round the enemies' camp, arrives at his destination by night, and, exhausted with hunger and mental agitation, seeks there for the knowledge unattainable in any upright manner from a reputed witch. He has rejected God, lost all the strength and comfort of true religion, and is become the victim of abject superstition. Whether he were the victim also of the woman's arts, or of his own sick fantasy, is not a matter of much consequence; the interest of the narrative lies in the revelation it makes to us of Saul's mental and moral state; and scarcely is there in the whole of Scripture anything more tragic than this narrative, or any more intense picture of the depth of degradation to which a noble but perverse intellect is capable of falling.

Parallel Commentaries ...


[He]
יְהוָה֙(Yah·weh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068:LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

has done
וַיַּ֤עַשׂ(way·ya·‘aś)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 6213:To do, make

exactly what
כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר(ka·’ă·šer)
Preposition-k | Pronoun - relative
Strong's 834:Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that

He spoke
דִּבֶּ֣ר(dib·ber)
Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1696:To arrange, to speak, to subdue

through me:
בְּיָדִ֑י(bə·yā·ḏî)
Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singular
Strong's 3027:A hand

The LORD
יְהוָ֤ה(Yah·weh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068:LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

has torn
וַיִּקְרַ֨ע(way·yiq·ra‘)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 7167:To rend

the kingship
הַמַּמְלָכָה֙(ham·mam·lā·ḵāh)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 4467:Kingdom, sovereignty, dominion, reign

out of your hand
מִיָּדֶ֔ךָ(mî·yā·ḏe·ḵā)
Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine singular
Strong's 3027:A hand

and given it
וַֽיִּתְּנָ֖הּ(way·yit·tə·nāh)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person feminine singular
Strong's 5414:To give, put, set

to your neighbor
לְרֵעֲךָ֥(lə·rê·‘ă·ḵā)
Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular
Strong's 7453:Friend, companion, fellow

David.
לְדָוִֽד׃(lə·ḏā·wiḏ)
Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 1732:David -- perhaps 'beloved one', a son of Jesse


1 Samuel 28:17 NIV
1 Samuel 28:17 NLT
1 Samuel 28:17 ESV
1 Samuel 28:17 NASB
1 Samuel 28:17 KJV

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1 Samuel 28:17 Catholic Bible

OT History: 1 Samuel 28:17 Yahweh has done to you as he (1Sa iSam 1 Sam i sa)