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◄ 1 Samuel 20:34►
New International Version
Jonathan got up from the table in fierce anger; on that second day of the feast he did not eat, because he was grieved at his father’s shameful treatment of David.

New Living Translation
Jonathan left the table in fierce anger and refused to eat on that second day of the festival, for he was crushed by his father’s shameful behavior toward David.

English Standard Version
And Jonathan rose from the table in fierce anger and ate no food the second day of the month, for he was grieved for David, because his father had disgraced him.

Berean Standard Bible
Jonathan got up from the table in fierce anger and did not eat any food that second day of the month, for he was grieved by his father’s shameful treatment of David.

King James Bible
So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no meat the second day of the month: for he was grieved for David, because his father had done him shame.

New King James Version
So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and ate no food the second day of the month, for he was grieved for David, because his father had treated him shamefully.

New American Standard Bible
Then Jonathan got up from the table in the heat of anger, and did not eat food on the second day of the new moon, because he was worried about David since his father had insulted him.

NASB 1995
Then Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did not eat food on the second day of the new moon, for he was grieved over David because his father had dishonored him.

NASB 1977
Then Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did not eat food on the second day of the new moon, for he was grieved over David because his father had dishonored him.

Legacy Standard Bible
Then Jonathan arose from the table in burning anger and did not eat food on the second day of the new moon, for he was grieved over David because his father had dishonored him.

Amplified Bible
Then Jonathan stood up from the table in the heat of anger, and ate no food on that second day of the new moon (month), for he grievedand worried about David because his father had dishonored him.

Christian Standard Bible
He got up from the table fiercely angry and did not eat any food that second day of the New Moon, for he was grieved because of his father’s shameful behavior toward David.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
He got up from the table in fierce anger and did not eat any food that second day of the New Moon, for he was grieved because of his father’s shameful behavior toward David.

American Standard Version
So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no food the second day of the month; for he was grieved for David, because his father had done him shame.

Contemporary English Version
Jonathan was angry and hurt that his father had insulted David so terribly. He got up, left the table, and didn't eat anything all that day.

English Revised Version
So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no meat the second day of the month: for he was grieved for David, because his father had done him shame.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Jonathan got up from the table very angry and ate nothing that second day of the month. He was worried sick about David because Jonathan had been humiliated by his own father.

Good News Translation
Jonathan got up from the table in a rage and ate nothing that day--the second day of the New Moon Festival. He was deeply distressed about David, because Saul had insulted him.

International Standard Version
So on the second day of the New Moon Jonathan angrily got up from the table without eating because he was upset about David, and because his father had humiliated him.

NET Bible
Jonathan got up from the table enraged. He did not eat any food on that second day of the new moon, for he was upset that his father had humiliated David.

New Heart English Bible
So Jonathan sprang up from the table in fierce anger, and ate no food the second day of the month; for he was grieved for David, because his father had dishonored him.

Webster's Bible Translation
So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and ate no food the second day of the month: for he was grieved for David, because his father had done him shame.
Majority Text Translations
Majority Standard Bible
Jonathan got up from the table in fierce anger and did not eat any food that second day of the month, for he was grieved by his father’s shameful treatment of David.

World English Bible
So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and ate no food the second day of the month; for he was grieved for David, because his father had treated him shamefully.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And Jonathan rises from the table in the heat of anger, and has not eaten food on the second day of the new moon, for he has been grieved for David, for his father put him to shame.

Young's Literal Translation
And Jonathan riseth from the table in the heat of anger, and hath not eaten food on the second day of the new moon, for he hath been grieved for David, for his father put him to shame.

Smith's Literal Translation
And Jonathan will rise from the table in the heat of wrath, and he will not eat bread in the day of the month the second, for he was grieved for David because his father reproached him.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
So Jonathan rose from the table in great anger, and did not eat bread on the second day after the new moon. For he was grieved for David, because his father had put him to confusion.

Catholic Public Domain Version
Therefore, Jonathan rose up from the table in a rage of anger. And he did not eat bread on the second day after the new moon. For he was saddened over David, because his father had confounded him.

New American Bible
Jonathan sprang up from the table in a rage and ate nothing that second day of the month, because he was grieved on David’s account, and because his father had humiliated him.

New Revised Standard Version
Jonathan rose from the table in fierce anger and ate no food on the second day of the month, for he was grieved for David, and because his father had disgraced him.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did not eat food the second day of the month; for he was grieved for David, because his father had determined evil against him.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And Jonathan arose from the table in strong anger, and he did not eat on that day, the second of the first month, because it grieved him, because of David against whom his father was purposed
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no food the second day of the month; for he was grieved for David, and because his father had put him to shame.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And Jonathan sprang up from the table in great anger, and did not eat bread on the secondday of the month, for he grieved bitterly for David, because his father determinedon mischief against him.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Saul Seeks to Kill Jonathan
…33Then Saul hurled his spear at Jonathan to kill him; so Jonathan knew that his father was determined to kill David.34Jonathangot upfromthe tablein fierceangerand did noteatany foodthat seconddayof the month,forhe was grievedbyhis father’sshameful treatmentofDavid.35In the morning Jonathan went out to the field for the appointment with David, and a small boy was with him.…

Cross References
1 Samuel 18:1-4
After David had finished speaking with Saul, the souls of Jonathan and David were knit together, and Jonathan loved him as himself. / And from that day Saul kept David with him and did not let him return to his father’s house. / Then Jonathan made a covenant with David because he loved him as himself. ...

1 Samuel 19:1-7
Then Saul ordered his son Jonathan and all his servants to kill David. But Jonathan delighted greatly in David, / so he warned David, saying, “My father Saul intends to kill you. Be on your guard in the morning; find a secret place and hide there. / I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where you are, so I can ask about you. And if I find out anything, I will tell you.” ...

1 Samuel 23:16-18
And Saul’s son Jonathan came to David in Horesh and strengthened his hand in God, / saying, “Do not be afraid, for my father Saul will never lay a hand on you. And you will be king over Israel, and I will be your second-in-command. Even my father Saul knows this is true.” / So the two of them made a covenant before the LORD. And David remained in Horesh, while Jonathan went home.

2 Samuel 1:25-26
How the mighty have fallen in the thick of battle! Jonathan lies slain on your heights. / I grieve for you, Jonathan, my brother. You were delightful to me; your love to me was extraordinary, surpassing the love of women.

2 Samuel 9:1-3
Then David asked, “Is there anyone left from the house of Saul to whom I can show kindness for the sake of Jonathan?” / And there was a servant of the house of Saul named Ziba. They summoned him to David, and the king inquired, “Are you Ziba?” “I am your servant,” he replied. / So the king asked, “Is there anyone left of the house of Saul to whom I can show the kindness of God?” Ziba answered, “There is still Jonathan’s son, who is lame in both feet.”

2 Samuel 15:30
But David continued up the Mount of Olives, weeping as he went up. His head was covered, and he was walking barefoot. And all the people with him covered their heads and went up, weeping as they went.

2 Samuel 16:5-14
As King David approached Bahurim, a man from the family of the house of Saul was just coming out. His name was Shimei son of Gera, and as he approached, he kept yelling out curses. / He threw stones at David and at all the servants of the king, though the troops and all the mighty men were on David’s right and left. / And as he yelled curses, Shimei said, “Get out, get out, you worthless man of bloodshed! ...

2 Kings 6:30
When the king heard the words of the woman, he tore his clothes. And as he passed by on the wall, the people saw the sackcloth under his clothes next to his skin.

Psalm 55:12-14
For it is not an enemy who insults me; that I could endure. It is not a foe who rises against me; from him I could hide. / But it is you, a man like myself, my companion and close friend. / We shared sweet fellowship together; we walked with the crowd into the house of God.

Proverbs 17:17
A friend loves at all times, and a brother is born for adversity.

Proverbs 18:24
A man of many companions may come to ruin, but there is a friend who stays closer than a brother.

Matthew 5:11-12
Blessed are you when people insult you, persecute you, and falsely say all kinds of evil against you because of Me. / Rejoice and be glad, because great is your reward in heaven, for in the same way they persecuted the prophets before you.

Matthew 10:21-22
Brother will betray brother to death, and a father his child; children will rise against their parents and have them put to death. / You will be hated by everyone because of My name, but the one who perseveres to the end will be saved.

Matthew 26:37-38
He took with Him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee and began to be sorrowful and deeply distressed. / Then He said to them, “My soul is consumed with sorrow to the point of death. Stay here and keep watch with Me.”

Mark 3:21
When His family heard about this, they went out to take custody of Him, saying, “He is out of His mind.”


Treasury of Scripture

So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no meat the second day of the month: for he was grieved for David, because his father had done him shame.

in fierce

Ecclesiastes 7:20
Forthere is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not.

Ephesians 4:26
Be ye angry, and sin not: let not the sun go down upon your wrath:

he was grieved

Mark 3:5
And when he had looked round about on them with anger, being grieved for the hardness of their hearts, he saith unto the man, Stretch forth thine hand. And he stretchedit out: and his hand was restored whole as the other.

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AngerAteBurningDavidDisgracedDishonoredEatHeatJonathanMeatMonthMoonNewPartRisethRoseSecondShameShamefulTableTreatmentWrath
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1 Samuel 20
1.David consults with Jonathan for his safety
11.Jonathan and David renew their covenant by oath
18.Jonathan's token to David
23.Saul, missing David, seeks to kill Jonathan
35.Jonathan affectionately takes his leave of David














Jonathan got up from the table in fierce anger
Jonathan's reaction is significant, as it demonstrates his deep loyalty to David and his moral integrity. In the cultural context of ancient Israel, family loyalty was paramount, yet Jonathan's anger indicates a prioritization of righteousness over familial allegiance. This fierce anger can be seen as a reflection of righteous indignation, similar to Jesus' anger in the temple (John 2:13-17), where injustice and wrongdoing provoke a strong emotional response.

and did not eat any food that second day of the month
The mention of the "second day of the month" refers to the New Moon festival, a time of religious observance and communal meals (Numbers 10:10). Jonathan's refusal to eat is a significant act of protest and mourning, aligning with biblical instances where fasting is used to express grief or repentance (Ezra 8:21-23). This abstention underscores the gravity of the situation and Jonathan's deep distress over his father's actions.

for he was grieved by his father’s shameful treatment of David
Jonathan's grief highlights the covenantal friendship between him and David, which is a central theme in 1 Samuel. This friendship is a model of loyalty and selflessness, reflecting the biblical principle of loving one's neighbor (Leviticus 19:18). Saul's treatment of David is described as "shameful," indicating a breach of both royal and divine duty. This aligns with the broader biblical narrative of God's anointed being unjustly persecuted, a theme that finds its ultimate fulfillment in the life of Jesus Christ, who was also rejected and mistreated by those in authority (Isaiah 53:3).

Persons / Places / Events
1.Jonathan
The son of King Saul and a close friend of David. Known for his loyalty and integrity, Jonathan is deeply troubled by his father's unjust actions towards David.

2.David
The future king of Israel, anointed by Samuel. At this point, he is a fugitive due to King Saul's jealousy and attempts on his life.

3.Saul
The first king of Israel, whose jealousy and fear of losing his throne lead him to seek David's life. His actions cause a rift with his son, Jonathan.

4.New Moon Festival
A significant religious observance in ancient Israel, marking the beginning of the month. It was a time for feasting and fellowship, making Jonathan's absence notable.

5.Ramah
Although not directly mentioned in this verse, it is the place where David fled to seek refuge with Samuel, highlighting the tension and danger he faced.
Teaching Points
Loyalty in Friendship
Jonathan's actions demonstrate the importance of loyalty and integrity in friendships, even when it requires standing against one's own family.

Righteous Anger
Jonathan's anger is described as "fierce," yet it is rooted in a righteous cause—defending the innocent and opposing injustice.

Courage to Stand Alone
Jonathan's decision to abstain from the feast shows the courage required to stand alone for what is right, even in the face of familial pressure.

Grief Over Sin
Jonathan's grief over his father's actions highlights the appropriate response to sin and injustice, prompting us to reflect on our own reactions to wrongdoing.

The Cost of Discipleship
Jonathan's willingness to risk his relationship with his father for David's sake mirrors the cost of discipleship, where following God's will may lead to personal sacrifice.
Bible Study Questions and Answers
1.What is the meaning of 1 Samuel 20:34?

2.How does Jonathan's reaction in 1 Samuel 20:34 demonstrate loyalty to God's anointed?

3.What can we learn from Jonathan's response about handling family conflicts biblically?

4.How does Jonathan's grief connect to Jesus' teachings on love and sacrifice?

5.In what ways can we show courage like Jonathan when facing unjust situations?

6.How can Jonathan's actions inspire us to prioritize God's will over personal interests?

7.Why did Jonathan react so strongly in 1 Samuel 20:34?

8.How does 1 Samuel 20:34 reflect Jonathan's loyalty to David over Saul?

9.What cultural norms influenced Jonathan's actions in 1 Samuel 20:34?

10.What are the top 10 Lessons from 1 Samuel 20?

11.Does the nature of Jonathan's covenant with David in 1 Samuel 20:16 present any inconsistencies with later depictions of Israelite covenants?

12.Why does Saul's sudden rage toward Jonathan in 1 Samuel 20:30-33 seem disproportionate and historically uncontextualized?

13.Who was high priest when David went into the House of GOD and ate the consecrated bread? Abiathar (Mark 2:26) Ahimelech, the father of Abiathar (I Samuel 1:1; 22:20)

14.Are there any historical or archaeological findings that confirm or challenge the events and relationships mentioned in 1 Samuel 18?
What Does 1 Samuel 20:34 Mean
Jonathan got up from the table

• The new–moon feast (1 Samuel 20:24–27) required every courtier’s presence, yet Jonathan stood up, breaking protocol.

• His action signals that allegiance to truth outranks social custom (Acts 5:29, “We must obey God rather than men”).

• By rising, he publicly distances himself from Saul’s hostility, just as later prophets will “stand in the gap” against royal sin (Ezekiel 22:30).

in fierce anger

• Scripture distinguishes righteous anger from sinful wrath. Jonathan’s flare-up mirrors Jesus’ own indignation at hardened hearts (Mark 3:5) and Paul’s counsel, “Be angry, yet do not sin” (Ephesians 4:26).

• Anger here is rooted in covenant loyalty (1 Samuel 18:3–4). Defending the innocent is never condemned; pretending evil is acceptable is (Isaiah 5:20).

• His emotion also exposes Saul’s drift from God’s Spirit (contrast1 Samuel 10:10 with 18:12).

and did not eat any food that second day of the month

• Fasting often accompanies lament (2 Samuel 1:12) and intercession (Ezra 8:23). Jonathan’s skipped meal moves beyond protest to a spiritual response.

• Missing a festive banquet underscores the depth of his conviction; joy cannot be shared when injustice reigns (Psalm 42:3, “My tears have been my food day and night”).

• The text records a literal fast, affirming that biblical grief engages body and soul together.

for he was grieved

• “Grieved” carries the weight of mourning, not mere irritation. Covenant love for David (1 Samuel 20:17) makes David’s peril Jonathan’s own pain (Romans 12:15).

• Such grief reflects God’s heart, who is “grieved” by human sin (Genesis 6:6;Ephesians 4:30).

• Sorrow born of righteousness contrasts Saul’s self-pity (1 Samuel 22:8). Jonathan models holy lament rather than self-centered despair.

by his father’s shameful treatment of David

• Saul had just cursed Jonathan and hurled a spear at him for defending David (1 Samuel 20:30–33). This public outburst was “shameful,” literally disgraceful and unlawful (Deuteronomy 25:3 warns against degrading a fellow Israelite).

• David had served Saul faithfully (1 Samuel 19:4–5), so Saul’s attack violated both justice and covenant.

• Jonathan calls sin what it is—even when the sinner is his own father—echoingProverbs 28:23, “He who rebukes a man will afterward find more favor than he who flatters with the tongue.”

• Love “does not dishonor others” (1 Corinthians 13:5), therefore Jonathan cannot remain silent.

summary

Jonathan’s abrupt departure, burning anger, voluntary fast, deep grief, and clear naming of Saul’s misconduct reveal a man shaped by covenant loyalty, moral courage, and reverence for God’s standards.1 Samuel 20:34 shows that righteous indignation and sorrow are fitting responses when authority abuses the innocent, and it calls believers to stand for truth even at personal cost.

(34)So Jonathan arose.--"In fierce anger," so runs the too true record. The son of Saul left the presence, and appeared no more at that fatal feast. The hot anger was stirred up, first, no doubt, by the terrible insult offered him, the prince and heir to the throne, before the assembled great ones of Israel. The great spear uplifted to strike, following the harsh and bitter words spoken, was an act not likely soon to be forgotten by the spectators. And secondly, by the determined and relentless enmity of Saul against David, of whose stainless integrity and perfect loyalty Jonathan was firmly convinced. The bitter wrong done to David his friend no doubt affected Jonathan most.



Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Jonathan
יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן(yə·hō·w·nā·ṯān)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3083:Jonathan -- 'the LORD has given', the name of a number of Israelites

got up
וַיָּ֧קָם(way·yā·qām)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 6965:To arise, stand up, stand

from
מֵעִ֥ם(mê·‘im)
Preposition-m
Strong's 5973:With, equally with

the table
הַשֻּׁלְחָ֖ן(haš·šul·ḥān)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 7979:A table, a meal

in fierce
בָּחֳרִי־(bā·ḥo·rî-)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 2750:A burning, anger

anger
אָ֑ף(’āp̄)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 639:The nose, nostril, the face, a person, ire

and did not
וְלֹא־(wə·lō-)
Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808:Not, no

eat
אָכַ֞ל(’ā·ḵal)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 398:To eat

any food
לֶ֔חֶם(le·ḥem)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 3899:Food, bread, grain

that second
הַשֵּׁנִי֙(haš·šê·nî)
Article | Number - ordinal masculine singular
Strong's 8145:Second (an ordinal number)

day
בְּיוֹם־(bə·yō·wm-)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3117:A day

of the month,
הַחֹ֤דֶשׁ(ha·ḥō·ḏeš)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 2320:The new moon, a month

for
כִּ֤י(kî)
Conjunction
Strong's 3588:A relative conjunction

he was grieved
נֶעְצַב֙(ne‘·ṣaḇ)
Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 6087:To carve, fabricate, fashion, to worry, pain, anger

by
כִּ֥י(kî)
Conjunction
Strong's 3588:A relative conjunction

his father’s
אָבִֽיו׃(’ā·ḇîw)
Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 1:Father

shameful treatment
הִכְלִמ֖וֹ(hiḵ·li·mōw)
Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular
Strong's 3637:To wound, to taunt, insult

of
אֶל־(’el-)
Preposition
Strong's 413:Near, with, among, to

David.
דָּוִ֔ד(dā·wiḏ)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 1732:David -- perhaps 'beloved one', a son of Jesse


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OT History: 1 Samuel 20:34 So Jonathan arose from the table (1Sa iSam 1 Sam i sa)
1 Samuel 20:33
1 Samuel 20:35
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