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◄ 1 Samuel 13:12►
New International Version
I thought, ‘Now the Philistines will come down against me at Gilgal, and I have not sought the LORD’s favor.’ So I felt compelled to offer the burnt offering.”

New Living Translation
So I said, ‘The Philistines are ready to march against us at Gilgal, and I haven’t even asked for the LORD’s help!’ So I felt compelled to offer the burnt offering myself before you came.”

English Standard Version
I said, ‘Now the Philistines will come down against me at Gilgal, and I have not sought the favor of the LORD.’ So I forced myself, and offered the burnt offering.”

Berean Standard Bible
I thought, ‘Now the Philistines will descend upon me at Gilgal, and I have not sought the favor of the LORD.’ So I felt compelled to offer the burnt offering.”

King James Bible
Therefore said I, The Philistines will come down now upon me to Gilgal, and I have not made supplication unto the LORD: I forced myself therefore, and offered a burnt offering.

New King James Version
then I said, ‘The Philistines will now come down on me at Gilgal, and I have not made supplication to the LORD.’ Therefore I felt compelled, and offered a burnt offering.”

New American Standard Bible
I thought, ‘Now the Philistines will come down against me at Gilgal, and I have not asked the favor of the LORD.’ So I worked up the courage and offered the burnt offering.”

NASB 1995
therefore I said, ‘Now the Philistines will come down against me at Gilgal, and I have not asked the favor of the LORD.’ So I forced myself and offered the burnt offering.”

NASB 1977
therefore I said, ‘Now the Philistines will come down against me at Gilgal, and I have not asked the favor of the LORD.’ So I forced myself and offered the burnt offering.”

Legacy Standard Bible
therefore I said, ‘Now the Philistines will come down against me at Gilgal, and I have not entreated the favor of Yahweh.’ So I forced myself and offered the burnt offering.”

Amplified Bible
therefore, I said, ‘Now the Philistines will come down against me at Gilgal, and I have not asked for the LORD’S favor [by making supplication to Him].’ So I forced myself to offer the burnt offering.”

Christian Standard Bible
I thought, ‘The Philistines will now descend on me at Gilgal, and I haven’t sought the LORD’s favor.’ So I forced myself to offer the burnt offering.”

Holman Christian Standard Bible
I thought: The Philistines will now descend on me at Gilgal, and I haven’t sought the LORD’s favor. So I forced myself to offer the burnt offering.”

American Standard Version
therefore said I, Now will the Philistines come down upon me to Gilgal, and I have not entreated the favor of Jehovah: I forced myself therefore, and offered the burnt-offering.

Contemporary English Version
and I was worried that they would attack me here at Gilgal. I hadn't offered a sacrifice to ask for the LORD's help, so I forced myself to offer a sacrifice on the altar fire."

English Revised Version
therefore said I, Now will the Philistines come down upon me to Gilgal, and I have not entreated the favour of the LORD: I forced myself therefore, and offered the burnt offering.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
So I thought, 'Now, the Philistines will come against me at Gilgal, but I haven't sought the LORD's favor.' I felt pressured into sacrificing the burnt offering."

Good News Translation
So I thought, 'The Philistines are going to attack me here in Gilgal, and I have not tried to win the LORD's favor.' So I felt I had to offer a sacrifice."

International Standard Version
I thought, 'The Philistines will come down against me at Gilgal but I've not sought the favor of the LORD,' so I forced myself to offer the burnt offering."

NET Bible
I thought, 'Now the Philistines will come down on me at Gilgal and I have not sought the LORD's favor.' So I felt obligated to offer the burnt offering."

New Heart English Bible
therefore I said, 'Now the Philistines will come down on me to Gilgal, and I haven't entreated the favor of the LORD.' I forced myself therefore, and offered the burnt offering."

Webster's Bible Translation
Therefore said I, the Philistines will now come down upon me to Gilgal, and I have not made supplication to the LORD; I forced myself therefore, and offered a burnt-offering.
Majority Text Translations
Majority Standard Bible
I thought, ‘Now the Philistines will descend upon me at Gilgal, and I have not sought the favor of the LORD.’ So I felt compelled to offer the burnt offering.”

World English Bible
therefore I said, ‘Now the Philistines will come down on me to Gilgal, and I haven’t entreated the favor of Yahweh.’ I forced myself therefore, and offered the burnt offering.”
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
and I say, Now the Philistines come down to me to Gilgal, and I have not appeased the face of YHWH; and I force myself, and cause the burnt-offering to ascend.”

Young's Literal Translation
and I say, Now do the Philistines come down unto me to Gilgal, and the face of Jehovah I have not appeased; and I force myself, and cause the burnt-offering to ascend.'

Smith's Literal Translation
And saying, Now the rovers will come down to me to Gilgal, and I entreated not the face of Jehovah: and I will contain myself, and will bring up a burnt-offering.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
I said: Now will the Philistines come down upon me to Galgal, and I have not appeased the face of the Lord. Forced by necessity, I offered the holocaust.

Catholic Public Domain Version
I said: ‘Now the Philistines will descend to me at Gilgal. And I have not appeased the face of the Lord.’ Compelled by necessity, I offered the holocaust.

New American Bible
I said to myself, ‘Now the Philistines will come down against me at Gilgal, and I have not yet sought the LORD’s blessing.’ So I thought I should sacrifice the burnt offering.”

New Revised Standard Version
I said, ‘Now the Philistines will come down upon me at Gilgal, and I have not entreated the favor of the LORD’; so I forced myself, and offered the burnt offering.”
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Therefore I said, The Philistines might come down against me at Gilgal, and I have not inquired of the LORD, so I ventured to offer a burnt offering.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And I said: “‘Perhaps the Philistines will come down against me at Galgala, and the presence of LORD JEHOVAH I have not seen’, and I was hasty and I offered up burnt offerings”
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
therefore said I: Now will the Philistines come down upon me to Gilgal, and I have not entreated the favour of the LORD; I forced myself therefore, and offered the burnt-offering.'

Brenton Septuagint Translation
Then I said, Now will the Philistines come down to me to Galgala, and I have not sought the face of the Lord: so I forced myself and offered the whole-burnt-offering.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Saul's Unlawful Sacrifice
…11“What have you done?” Samuel asked. And Saul replied, “When I saw that the troops were deserting me, and that you did not come at the appointed time and the Philistines were gathering at Michmash,12I thought,‘Nowthe Philistineswill descendupon meat Gilgal,and I have notsoughtthe favorof the LORD.’So I felt compelledto offerthe burnt offering.”13“You have acted foolishly,” Samuel declared. “You have not kept the command that the LORD your God gave you; if you had, the LORD would have established your kingdom over Israel for all time.…

Cross References
1 Samuel 15:22-23
But Samuel declared: “Does the LORD delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices as much as in obedience to His voice? Behold, obedience is better than sacrifice, and attentiveness is better than the fat of rams. / For rebellion is like the sin of divination, and arrogance is like the wickedness of idolatry. Because you have rejected the word of the LORD, He has rejected you as king.”

1 Samuel 10:8
And you shall go before me to Gilgal, and surely I will come to you to offer burnt offerings and to sacrifice peace offerings. Wait seven days until I come to you and show you what you are to do.”

1 Samuel 28:5-7
When Saul saw the Philistine army, he was afraid and trembled violently. / He inquired of the LORD, but the LORD did not answer him by dreams or Urim or prophets. / Then Saul said to his servants, “Find me a woman who is a medium, so I can go and consult her.” “There is a medium at Endor,” his servants replied.

2 Chronicles 16:7-9
At that time Hanani the seer came to King Asa of Judah and told him, “Because you have relied on the king of Aram and not on the LORD your God, the army of the king of Aram has escaped from your hand. / Were not the Cushites and Libyans a vast army with many chariots and horsemen? Yet because you relied on the LORD, He delivered them into your hand. / For the eyes of the LORD roam to and fro over all the earth, to show Himself strong on behalf of those whose hearts are fully devoted to Him. You have acted foolishly in this matter. From now on, therefore, you will be at war.”

2 Chronicles 26:16-21
But when Uzziah became powerful, his arrogance led to his own destruction. He was unfaithful to the LORD his God, for he entered the temple of the LORD to burn incense on the altar of incense. / Then Azariah the priest, along with eighty brave priests of the LORD, went in after him. / They took their stand against King Uzziah and said, “Uzziah, you have no right to offer incense to the LORD. Only the priests, the descendants of Aaron, are consecrated to burn incense. Leave the sanctuary, for you have acted unfaithfully; you will not receive honor from the LORD God.” ...

Isaiah 30:1-2
“Woe to the rebellious children,” declares the LORD, “to those who carry out a plan that is not Mine, who form an alliance, but against My will, heaping up sin upon sin. / They set out to go down to Egypt without asking My advice, to seek shelter under Pharaoh’s protection and take refuge in Egypt’s shade.

Jeremiah 17:5
This is what the LORD says: “Cursed is the man who trusts in mankind, who makes mere flesh his strength and turns his heart from the LORD.

Hosea 6:6
For I desire mercy, not sacrifice, and the knowledge of God rather than burnt offerings.

Proverbs 3:5-6
Trust in the LORD with all your heart, and lean not on your own understanding; / in all your ways acknowledge Him, and He will make your paths straight.

Psalm 37:5
Commit your way to the LORD; trust in Him, and He will do it.

Matthew 6:33
But seek first the kingdom of God and His righteousness, and all these things will be added unto you.

Matthew 26:41
“Watch and pray so that you will not enter into temptation. For the spirit is willing, but the body is weak.”

Luke 12:29-31
And do not be concerned about what you will eat or drink. Do not worry about it. / For the Gentiles of the world strive after all these things, and your Father knows that you need them. / But seek His kingdom, and these things will be added unto you.

John 14:1
“Do not let your hearts be troubled. You believe in God; believe in Me as well.

Romans 8:28
And we know that God works all things together for the good of those who love Him, who are called according to His purpose.


Treasury of Scripture

Therefore said I, The Philistines will come down now on me to Gilgal, and I have not made supplication to the LORD: I forced myself therefore, and offered a burnt offering.

said I

1 Kings 12:26,27
And Jeroboam said in his heart, Now shall the kingdom return to the house of David: …

1 Samuel 21:7
Now a certain man of the servants of Saulwas there that day, detained before the LORD; and his namewas Doeg, an Edomite, the chiefest of the herdmen thatbelonged to Saul.

Psalm 66:3
Say unto God, How terribleart thou in thy works! through the greatness of thy power shall thine enemies submit themselves unto thee.

Amos 8:5
Saying, When will the new moon be gone, that we may sell corn? and the sabbath, that we may set forth wheat, making the ephah small, and the shekel great, and falsifying the balances by deceit?

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1 Samuel 13
1.Saul's select band
3.He calls the Hebrews to Gilgal against the Philistines
5.The Philistines' great army
6.The distress of the Israelites
8.Saul, weary of staying for Samuel, sacrifices
11.Samuel reproves him
17.The three raiding parties of the Philistines
19.The policy of the Philistines, to allow no blacksmith in Israel














I thought, ‘Now the Philistines will descend upon me at Gilgal,
This phrase reflects Saul's fear and anxiety as he anticipates an imminent attack from the Philistines. Gilgal is a significant location in Israel's history, serving as a base for military operations and a place of worship. It was here that the Israelites first camped after crossing the Jordan River (Joshua 4:19-20). Saul's concern about the Philistines is rooted in the ongoing conflict between Israel and the Philistines, who were a constant threat during this period. This fear highlights Saul's lack of faith and trust in God's timing and protection.

and I have not sought the favor of the LORD.’
Seeking the favor of the LORD was a crucial aspect of Israelite worship and leadership. It involved offering sacrifices and seeking God's guidance and blessing before engaging in significant actions, especially in battle. Saul's acknowledgment that he had not sought God's favor indicates a lapse in his spiritual leadership and obedience. This failure to wait for Samuel, the prophet, to perform the sacrifice demonstrates Saul's impatience and lack of reliance on God's appointed means of worship and guidance.

So I felt compelled to offer the burnt offering.”
Saul's decision to offer the burnt offering himself was a direct violation of the established religious order, where only priests were authorized to perform such sacrifices (Leviticus 1:1-17). This act of presumption reveals Saul's prioritization of immediate military concerns over obedience to God's commands. It also foreshadows his eventual rejection as king due to his disobedience (1 Samuel 15:22-23). Saul's actions contrast with the obedience and faithfulness expected of a king, as exemplified by David, who is often seen as a type of Christ in his role as a shepherd-king who seeks God's heart (Acts 13:22).

Persons / Places / Events
1.Saul
The first king of Israel, anointed by the prophet Samuel. In this passage, Saul acts out of fear and impatience, offering a burnt sacrifice, which was against God's command.

2.Philistines
A significant enemy of Israel during this period. Their threat loomed large over Saul and his army, contributing to Saul's rash decision.

3.Gilgal
A significant location in Israel's history, often associated with important religious and military events. It is here that Saul disobeys God's command.

4.Samuel
The prophet and judge of Israel who anointed Saul as king. Samuel had instructed Saul to wait for him to perform the sacrifice.

5.Burnt Offering
A sacrificial act meant to seek God's favor, which was to be performed by a priest or prophet, not by the king.
Teaching Points
The Importance of Obedience
Saul's decision to offer the sacrifice himself was a direct act of disobedience. Obedience to God's commands is paramount, even when circumstances seem dire.

The Dangers of Impatience
Saul's impatience led him to take matters into his own hands. Waiting on God's timing is crucial, even when it challenges our understanding.

Fear vs. Faith
Saul acted out of fear of the Philistines rather than faith in God's promise. Trusting God in the face of fear is a recurring biblical theme.

Role of Leadership
Saul's actions remind us of the responsibility leaders have to follow God's instructions and set an example for others.

Seeking God's Favor
True favor from God comes through obedience and faith, not through ritualistic actions performed out of compulsion or fear.
Bible Study Questions and Answers
1.What is the meaning of 1 Samuel 13:12?

2.How does 1 Samuel 13:12 illustrate the consequences of acting out of fear?

3.What does Saul's decision reveal about his trust in God's timing?

4.How can we avoid Saul's mistake of prioritizing human solutions over divine guidance?

5.Compare Saul's actions in 1 Samuel 13:12 with Proverbs 3:5-6. What insights emerge?

6.How can we apply the lesson from 1 Samuel 13:12 in our daily decisions?

7.Why did Saul feel compelled to offer the burnt offering in 1 Samuel 13:12?

8.How does 1 Samuel 13:12 reflect on Saul's leadership and faith?

9.What does 1 Samuel 13:12 reveal about obedience to God's commands?

10.What are the top 10 Lessons from 1 Samuel 13?

11.Why does 1 Chronicles 18:12 credit Abishai with killing 18,000 Edomites, while 2 Samuel 8:13 attributes the same victory to David?

12.Why does 1 Samuel 13:3-4 give conflicting impressions of who actually attacked the Philistine garrison, Jonathan or Saul?

13.How does 1 Samuel 13:1-2 reconcile with Acts 13:21, which states Saul reigned for forty years?

14.In 2 Samuel 12:13, David's quick confession leads to forgiveness, but is the swift absolution realistic given the gravity of adultery and murder?
What Does 1 Samuel 13:12 Mean
I thought

• Saul admits his first reaction was rooted in human reasoning: “I thought.” He looked at circumstances instead of remembering God’s prior command through Samuel (1 Samuel 10:8; 13:8).

• Scripture repeatedly warns against leaning on our own understanding (Proverbs 3:5–6;Isaiah 55:8–9). Saul’s thought life, not God’s word, directed his next move.

• When leaders replace revealed instruction with personal calculation, the result is spiritual short-circuiting (James 1:14–15).

Now the Philistines will descend upon me at Gilgal

• The enemy’s massive force (1 Samuel 13:5) created genuine military pressure, yet fear never grants license to disobey (Deuteronomy 20:1–4).

• Gilgal had been a place of covenant renewal for Israel (Joshua 5:9;1 Samuel 11:14–15). Saul should have remembered God’s past faithfulness at that very location.

• God’s people are often tested when threats are close; victory hinges on trust, not panic (Psalm 27:1–3).

I have not sought the favor of the LORD

• Saul recognized the need for divine favor, but he confused outward ritual with obedient faith (Psalm 24:3–6;Hosea 6:6).

• The Mosaic Law assigned priestly offerings to those set apart for that role (Leviticus 1:5–9;Numbers 18:1–7). Saul’s kingship did not override God-ordained boundaries.

• True seeking involves waiting on the Lord’s timing (Psalm 40:1;Isaiah 40:31), something Saul refused to do.

So I felt compelled to offer the burnt offering

• “Felt compelled” exposes a heart driven by circumstance rather than command (1 Samuel 15:24). Urgency became his excuse for rebellion.

• Samuel’s later rebuke crystalizes the issue: “To obey is better than sacrifice” (1 Samuel 15:22). God desires surrendered hearts more than hurried ceremonies.

• Saul’s presumption cost him the dynasty (1 Samuel 13:13–14), illustrating that partial obedience is disobedience (James 4:17).

summary

1 Samuel 13:12 reveals the progression from anxious reasoning to outright disobedience. Saul’s fear of the Philistines overshadowed trust in God’s word, leading him to violate priestly duties and rely on ritual instead of obedience. The verse warns that when we let circumstances, not Scripture, dictate action, we forfeit God’s favor. Faith waits, trusts, and obeys—even under pressure—because victory belongs to the Lord.

Verse 12. -I have not made supplication unto Jehovah. Literally, "I have not stroked the face of Jehovah," but used of making him propitious by prayer (Exodus 32:11;Jeremiah 26:19).I forced myself. Saul pleads in his justification the imminence of the danger, and perhaps there are few who have faith enough to "stand still and see the salvation of Jehovah" (Exodus 14:13).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
I thought,
וָאֹמַ֗ר(wā·’ō·mar)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - first person common singular
Strong's 559:To utter, say

‘Now
עַ֠תָּה(‘at·tāh)
Adverb
Strong's 6258:At this time

the Philistines
פְלִשְׁתִּ֤ים(p̄ə·liš·tîm)
Noun - proper - masculine plural
Strong's 6430:Philistines -- inhabitants of Philistia

will descend
יֵרְד֨וּ(yê·rə·ḏū)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural
Strong's 3381:To come or go down, descend

upon me
אֵלַי֙(’ê·lay)
Preposition | first person common singular
Strong's 413:Near, with, among, to

at Gilgal,
הַגִּלְגָּ֔ל(hag·gil·gāl)
Article | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 1537:Gilgal -- 'circle (of stones)', the name of several places in Palestine

and I have not
לֹ֣א(lō)
Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808:Not, no

sought
חִלִּ֑יתִי(ḥil·lî·ṯî)
Verb - Piel - Perfect - first person common singular
Strong's 2470:To be weak or sick

the favor
וּפְנֵ֥י(ū·p̄ə·nê)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - common plural construct
Strong's 6440:The face

of the LORD.’
יְהוָ֖ה(Yah·weh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068:LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

So I felt compelled
וָֽאֶתְאַפַּ֔ק(wā·’eṯ·’ap·paq)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hitpael - Consecutive imperfect - first person common singular
Strong's 662:To contain, abstain

to offer
וָאַעֲלֶ֖ה(wā·’a·‘ă·leh)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - first person common singular
Strong's 5927:To ascend, in, actively

the burnt offering.”
הָעֹלָֽה׃(hā·‘ō·lāh)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 5930:Whole burnt offering


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OT History: 1 Samuel 13:12 Therefore said I Now will the Philistines (1Sa iSam 1 Sam i sa)
1 Samuel 13:11
1 Samuel 13:13
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