"H:L" इहाँ अनुप्रेषित बाटे। help with lists खातिर, देखल जायHelp:List।
ई पन्ना how to mark up links के बारे मे बा, a very basic tutorial खातिर,Wikipedia:Tutorial/Wikipedia links देखल जाय। various URLs of Wikipedia and other Wikimedia servers खातिर,Help:URL देखल जाय।
ईलेख एगोहाउ-टु-गाइड (how-to guide) चाहेकइसे-कइल-जाय के बतावे वाला लेख हवे। ई विकिपीडिया केनीति आ दिशानिर्देश खातिर ना हवे; अगर कौनों नीति आ निर्देश संबंधी मुद्दा होखे त ओह बिसय से संबंधित नीति देखल जाय।
This page explains how to make thewikilink,interwiki link, or externalweb link (ashyperlinks) connections on Wikipedia, which give readers one-click access to other Wikipedia pages, other Wikimedia projects, and external websites.
A link has various (changeable) appearances on the "anchor" page, and the "target" page, which owns the "backlinks", and which can count the links to it with theWP:What links here tool.
Awikilink (orinternal link) links a page to another page within English Wikipedia. Inwikitext, links are enclosed in doubled square brackets like this:
[[abc]] is seen as "abc" in text and links to page "abc".
Use avertical bar "|" (the "pipe" symbol – seeWikipedia:Piped link for how to type one) to create a link while labelling it with a different name on the original page. The first term inside the brackets is the link (the page you would be taken to), while anything you type after the vertical bar is what that link looks like on the original page. Here are some examples:
[[a|b]] is labelled "b" on this page but links to page "a". Example:b.
[[a]]b givesab. So does[[a|ab]]:ab. The code[[a|b]]c givesbc, just as[[a|bc]] does. However, all four of these examples will link to page "a".
Links with a specified label are said to be "piped" because the pipe symbol is used ("|"). For certain types of link, the label will be generated automatically if a pipe is typed, even with no label after it (meaning you don't have to type one). SeeHelp:Pipe trick.
The link target iscase-sensitive except for the first character (so[[atom]] links to "Atom" but[[ATom]] does not). Other ways in which link targets are reinterpreted are described further:Conversion to canonical form.
If the target of a wikilink does not exist, it is displayed in red color and is called a "red link". Here is ared link example. If a red link is clicked, the user is taken to a blank page where it is possible to create a page using that red linked title. While on that blank page, other red links to this (non-existent) title can be detected using the "What links here" feature.
If the target of a link is the same as the page on which it appears (aself-link), it is displayed in bold font, as with:Help:Link.
Attempting to link normally to animage page,category page orinterlanguage link will produce a different effect: this will respectively place the image on the page, add the page to the category, or create an interlanguage link at the edge of the page. To override this behavior, insert an initial colon ":", as in[[:File:Mediawiki.png]],[[:Category:Help]],[[:fr:Help:Link]].
Aninterwiki link links to a page on another Wikimedia project website, such asMeta or another language Wikipedia. The target site must be on theinterwiki map specified for the source wiki. These links have the same [[...]] syntax as wikilinks (see previously), but take a prefix ":x:" which specifies the target site.
For example,[[m:Help:Link]] links to the "Help:Link" page on Meta, while[[:commons:Athens]] links to page "Athens" onWikimedia Commons as:commons:Athens.
Interwiki links can be piped, just as with wikilinks. Remember that aninterlanguage link should be preceded by a colon if it is to be displayed, where it is inserted in the text, as aninline interlanguage link; otherwise it will be displayed in the list of interlanguage links at the side of the page (which is appropriate only if it is the most closely corresponding page in the other language Wikipedia). Thus (incorporating thepipe trick),[[:ja:Wikilink|]] would be used to link to Wikilink on Japanese Wikipedia. Example: ([[:ja:URL|]] links toURL on Japanese Wikipedia).
Interwiki links (like external links) are displayed in a slightly paler blue than ordinary wikilinks. TheMediaWiki page formatting does not detect whether these target pages exist, so they are never displayed in red.
External links use absoluteURLs to link directly to any web page. External links are enclosed in single square brackets (rather than double brackets as with internal links), with the optional link text separated from the URL by a space (not a "|" as with internal links). When rendered, external links are followed by anexternal link icon. For example,[http://www.example.org/ link text] will be rendered aslink text.
When no link text is specified, external links appear numbered:[http://www.example.org/some-page][http://www.example.org/some-other-page] becomes[1][2]. Links with no square brackets display in their entirety:http://www.example.org/ displays ashttp://www.example.org/.
For more detailed information on external linking practices, seeHelp:URL § Linking to URLs. Also note thatSpecial:LinkSearch can be used to find all pages linking to a given site.
The external link syntax can also be used to link to particular pages within Wikipedia that are not accessible by wikilinks, such aspage history, the edit view, an old version of a page, thediff between two versions, etc. It can also be used to create anavigational image.
External links have the associated CSS class "external". To display an external link without the arrow icon, place the external link syntax between<span>...</span> tags. For instance,<span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Link&action=history this page's history]</span> will be rendered as:this page's history. If you make frequent use of this, theCharInsert gadget (which can be activated underPreferences →Gadgets → Editing → CharInsert), has an option to insert this text in its "Wiki markup" mode.
In the past, when Wikipedia could be accessed via either HTTP or HTTPS, aprotocol-relative URL could be used to make an external link (or external-style link to an internal page) which would usehttp: orhttps: depending on how the page the link appeared on was accessed, as in[//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Links]. However, as all Wikimedia sites now require HTTPS, this linking style is obsolete and should no longer be used.http: orhttps: should be explicitly specified as appropriate for the target site (preferringhttps:, where available).
In the context of a link from ananchor to atarget, it is the starting place.
In the context of the template{{anchor}}, an "anchor" is a landing place for a link to jump to.
The anchortemplate proceeds to automatically create some invisible coding from certain text in the "landing place", taking into account certain parameters in reference templates in general. So for developers the word "anchor" may refer
to the landing place in general,
to the mostly invisible code, or
to the text and parameters from which the code is created.
When using the template, certain characters[ ] { | } require encoding when linking to a section:
[
]
{
|
}
.5B
.5D
.7B
.7C
.7D
For example, the section "[Closed] Complaint" can be linked with[[#.5BClosed.5D Complaint]]. Links in the table of contents will automatically make this encoding so the url can be copied from there. However, that url will also encode other characters which do not interfere with templates or wikicode, so the result may look ugly.
The section title in fact points to ananchor on the target page. According to the Manual of Style, itmay be preferable to define anchors other than explicit section titles, using{{Anchor|anchor name}} or alternatively theHTMLcode<span>...</span> (see{{Anchor}} syntax). Links to anchors can also be added to external URLs and to interwiki links, again using the # syntax.
Section links still work through pagenames that areredirects. For example, ifDanzig redirects toGdańsk, thenDanzig#History will link to the "History" section of the article Gdańsk. Conversely it is also possible to put a section link as the target of a redirect (these work only if JavaScript is enabled). For example,Wikipedia:Section link redirects specifically to the sectionHelp:Link#Section linking (anchors) on this page. However, when adding a section to a link that redirects, the named section will override the section originally in the redirect. SoWikipedia:Section link#Interwiki links will go to the "Interwiki links" section of this page instead.
If more than one section on a destination page has the same title, a link to the title is to the first section with that title. If the link should be to another section with the title or a title that differs only in capitalization (Example vs. EXAMPLE), append to the linked title _2, _3, and so on, without a space (or 2, 3, and so onwith a space), counting from the top of the destination page and without regard to whether a section is a section or a subsection. For example, multiple sections titled "History" may be linked to as "History", "History_2" (or "History 2"), and so on.
Anchors can also be used to link to any part of a section. For example, if you want to link to the fifth sentence of a section, you just place an anchor at the start of that sentence, and you can then link to that anchor in the same way as you would link to any other anchor.
However, you need to choose an anchor name that is unique in that page (that article or that Talk Page) and is likely to remain unique, because when several anchors on the same page have the same name, the link will go only to the first anchor. Using the date and time as part of the anchor name is a simple way to help keep it unique (for example, by naming it "ThisSection2014-09-22-18-05a1" as in {{Anchor|ThisSection2014-09-22-18-05a1}} ).
Anchors can also be placed anywhere inside sentences (for example at the start of a clause), and inside notes and citations, though it is advisable to test first in yoursandbox before trying some exotic new kind of location for the first time.
To create an anchor for a row of a table, seeHelp:Table § Section link or map link to a row anchor. However,[[#top]] and[[#toc]] are reserved names that link to the top of a page and the table of contents, respectively.
Apiped link is an internallink orinterwiki link where the link target and link label are both specified. This is needed in the case that they are not equal, while also the link label is not equal to the link target with the last word extended:
This allows linking a word or phrase within the text of a page rather than using "see also", even if the wording does not exactly correspond with the name of the target page. With a suitable browser and depending on thepreferences set, one can still see the link target: when you point at the link, the name shows up in a hover tooltip and is also shown in the status bar.
This is useful where the word "station" is used in an article on trains; from the context, it would be clear that a train station is meant. The piped link is more convenient to the user than a link tostation which might be a disambiguation page.
The wordpiped refers to the use of the pipe character "|" used to separate the good description from the actual link. This character is named after another use of it; seePipe (computing).
There are various tricks to get the same result with less typing:
Leave the part to the right empty – the "pipe trick"
An alternative to a piped link is simply usingredirect pages. To createHow to set up a coffee house, use[[How to set up a coffee house]] and make this a redirect tocoffeehouse setup (note that, unlike previously, the tooltip that shows when you point at the link, if applicable for your browser, is simply the text already shown).
This is convenient if the redirect is already there or will also be of use elsewhere; however, there are a few drawbacks:
the tooltip does not show the page one will arrive at
"Related changes" gives the changes in theredirect page not the redirect target
the redirect message on the target page slightly clutters it
Combining a piped link and a redirect, one can provide some information that is not the name of the page one links to in the hover tooltip, i.e. the following pipe to a redirect[[United Nations Organization|UNO]] will display a tooltip "United Nations Organization" when hovering overUNO, thereby explaining the abbreviation.
Automatic conversion of wikitext with the pipe trick
If in a piped link the part after the "|" is left empty, it isconverted to an abbreviated form of the linked page, as follows:
Any word before the first colon (:), as well as the colon itself, is removed. This word may or may not be a namespace prefix (such as "Help:") or an interwiki prefix (such as "commons:"). If the page name is preceded by a colon, "first" refers to "first after this".
If there is text in parentheses at the end it will be removed.
If there are no parentheses but there is a comma, the comma and everything after it are removed.
The link will be in whatever case is used.
Just like for the three or four tildes when signing on Talk pages and the use ofsubst, in a preview, the result already shows up in the preview itself, but the conversion in the edit box is not yet shown. Press "Show changes" to see the change in the wikitext.
Category tag
The sort key syntax of the category being like a piped link, the pipe trick also works for category tags, even though it is not useful there.
Examples using colons
[[Help:Template|]] is converted to [[Help:Template|Template]], which is rendered asTemplate.
[[Music: My life|]] is converted to [[Music: My life| My life]], which is rendered as My life – although "Music:" is not a namespace (therefore the space after the colon is not automatically removed), the shortcut works anyway.
[[w:en:Pipe (computing)|]] is converted to [[w:en:Pipe (computing)|en:Pipe]], which is rendered asen:Pipe.
Case examples
[[pipe (computing)|]] is converted to [[pipe (computing)|pipe]] which is rendered aspipe.
[[Pipe (computing)|]] is converted to [[Pipe (computing)|Pipe]] which is rendered asPipe.
Comma example
[[commons:Boston, Massachusetts|]] is converted to [[commons:Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]], which is rendered asBoston.
A wikilink needs a[[fullpagename]], and this is not optionalexcept when it links to or from asubpage.A wikilink to its parent page is[[../]],and, although no page name is given, thefullpagename is rendered.On the parent a wikilink to a subpage can use[[/subpagename]] to render a subpagename instead.
Although subpages are created in article space, subpage linking does not fully function there.
Subpage linking works as expected to link to any pages under a root parent page:
and includingtransclusions:{{../}} and{{/subpagename}}
Consider that there are about 140subpages of theManual of style arranged in 97 branches, 35 of which have two subpages, and 5 of which have three subpages. Subpage links save typing. Say you're editing this closely related group of fullpagenames:
Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility/Signatures
Sibling
Data tables tutorial
[[../Signatures/]]
Signatures
Sibling
Internalguidelines
[[../../Signatures]]
Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility/Signatures
Uncle
Signatures
[[../Data tables tutorial/Internal guidelines]]
Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility/Data tables tutorial/Internal guidelines
Nephew
To see this page's array of subpage variables and markup four levels deep, see/one/two/three/four, and from there go to level two atone/two.
Markup[[../]] addresses thebasepagename, except when apagename includes a/ slash character (allowed), the basepagename/subpagename variables' characters are skewed. To see all this, and how adding an extra../ construct fixes the resultingredlink, see/sub/page/name1/sub/page/name2/subpage level 3, and from there go tosub/page/name2.
Note that the top of every subpage shows thenavigation links to allparent subpagenames. From these you can easily gauge levels and linking constructs.
The ways that various links are displayed in browsers, as described above, are the default display styles in the defaultskin. Users can change the way they see links:
By changing the "Underline links" or "Format broken links like this" value on the Appearance tab ofuser preferences.
By setting the "threshold for stub display" on the Appearance tab of user preferences. This causes links to pages in mainspace to be displayed in a distinctive fashion – dark red by default – if the wikitext of the target page has less than a specified number of bytes. (Any section markers in the link are ignored. Links to redirects are displayed in the normal style.)
In many browsers, holding the cursor over a link (mouseover) shows a hovertooltip containing the text of the link'sHTMLtitle attribute. MediaWiki – the software which runs Wikipedia – sets this to the target page name (without any section indication) if it's a wikilink, the page name with prefix if it's an interwiki link, and the link address (URL) if it's an external link. (This can be switched off in theuser preferences.) The browser may also show similar information, including any section indication, in the status bar.
For these effects a piped link is useful even if it is not followed; for example, for displaying the meaning of an acronym. It is possible to produce a hover tooltip without a link, using the{{H:title}} template.
A link whose target contains disallowed characters (seeWP:Page name) will be displayed without markup, as in [[A{b}]].
Conversions are automatically made tonon-literal characters in wiki and interwiki links. For example, "[[Help:Page%20name]]" becomes "Help:Page name". However, the opposite is true for external links; literal characters are converted into non-literal characters. For example, most browsers convert ".../wiki/!" to ".../wiki/%21".
Some characters in a web address link need to be represented asescape characters because they are reserved for Wikipedia edits. Examples include%5B for [,%5D for ],%3C for <,%3E for >,%7B for {,%7D for }, and%26 for &. More can be found by reading aboutpercent encoding.Numeric character references (e.g.[ or[) should not be used in external links because the ampersand character (&) has a special meaning in a URL.
A code like%70 in a redirect disables it, although the link works from the redirect page. For a redirect that works, the redirect page shows the canonical form of the target, unlike its preview page, which renders the link in the usual way.
Because the ampersand character (&) is disallowed, it is not possible to create an ordinary link containing&action=edit or&redirect=no in the URL query string. These kinds of links can be helpful in user pages. Also, a redirect page can have categories and you might wish to view or edit these in a single click.
The following syntax shows the use of themagic wordfullurl as it would appear in a template constructed to appendaction=edit to the URL query string:
[{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=edit}} {{{1}}}]
Note that this will render as an external link rather than as an internal link and for this reason it might not appear in what-links-here queries associated with the target page.
The navigable links to a page are wikilinks, redirects, and external-styled wikilinks.The{{orphan}} tag can be placed on pages with no incoming wikilinks.
Each link to a page is a link to aname.[1] No one report shows all links to thecontent.
TheWhat links here tool, on every page, will report all wikilinks and all redirects to thecontent of that page.(You get the wikilinks to the redirects too.)Thesearch parameterlinksto will find wikilinks only.Both report (invisible) wikilinks placed by a transclusion through a {{template}}.The difference between them is thatlinksto reports a count of links toa page name,whileWhatLinksHere reports a map of links tothe page as content.[2]
The navigable links to a section of a page are wikilinks, redirects, and URL-styled wikilinks.The difference between a redirect and a wikilink is most pronounced where a redirect targets a section,when you cannot add your own#section to iteven though it appears as[[page name]].A wikilink that links to a sectionand that appears as[[page name#section name]] can link to that section through the canonical page name (the title on the page with the actual content) or through the page name of any redirect to it, in which case the page name is the name of a redirect page.
To find wikilinks to a section requires two or more reports.
Show redirects only, an external tool available from theWhat links here page, reports redirects to thecontent of a section. (No matter which pagename you give it, you get all the redirect page names.) Look past any "No anchor or section" group of redirects, and any "invalid" sections, to see if your particular section name is explicitly listed, because then the redirect pages under it can have incoming links that will then go to that section.[3] ("What Links Here" also has a "show redirects" report, but it doesn't specify if the redirect goes to any particular section.)
Use "What Links Here" on any redirect pages found in the previous step.
Use{{Links to}} to create a group of search links that will each report some links to a section. It can work with only one page name at a time. For each search link given, just change the page name in the query to each redirect in turn.
The more redirects there are, the more reports there are to run.If there are no redirects involved, one report from "Links to" is enough.
One way to send a query to the API is by creating an external link (§ External links).For example, using an external link very much like a search link, you cansend the API a request to list the link properties of "wp:example".It should interpret it correctly as "Wikipedia:Example",pageid 25263910.
The report is inJSON format, as is usual for RESTful APIs.
The pageid is available fromPage information on every page.
Thetitles parameter is plural. (It is designed to take multiple fullpagenames or pageid, delimited by the | pipe character.)
The number of links returned by this query is limited to 500, per the URL you created. Seemw:API:Query for how to safely get more. For example,Operating system has 510 wikilinks.
To make a page register as a link to a page, but without actually showing the link,make a link to it, but label it with a space character using the pipe trick:[[pagename| ]].
Another link-dependent feature isrelated changes, which make it possible to view recent changes to all pages which are linked from the current page (or which are members of the category, if it is a category page).
Severaltemplates have been created to make linking easier (although they are not usually used in article space). These include{{tl}} and{{tlx}} for linking to templates, and{{cl}} and{{lc}} for linking to categories. More can be found inCategory:Internal link templates.
Asdescribed previously, if a link target begins with a lower case letter, it will be interpreted as if it began with the equivalent capital letter. If the target contains anamespace prefix, then the whole prefix and the first character after the colon are case-insensitive (souSeR:jimbo Wales links toUser:Jimbo Wales).
In link targets, spaces and underscores (which are effectively equivalent) are ignored if they come at the start, at the end, or immediately before or after the colon following a namespace prefix. Consecutive spaces / underscores are treated as a single space. Hence_User_: Jimbo_ __ Wales__ links toUser:Jimbo Wales.
Titles indicated by wikilinks are displayed in canonical form (with correction of capitalization and excess spaces / underscores removed, as described previously) in the following places:
Intransclusion tags for non-existent pages:{{qwsazx}} givesटेम्पलेट:qwsazx which links to non-existent page.
In tooltips and in the status bar (if applicable for the browser) when the mouse cursor is moved over the link.
The prefixes ininterwiki links are treated similarly to namespace prefixes: they are insensitive to case and to spaces before and after the colon. However the first character after the colon isnot automatically capitalized (whether it is interpreted as a capital depends on the configuration of the target wiki).
↑ The aliases for the namespace part of the name are recognized in wikilinks and in the parser functions that create URL style links – canonicalurl and fullurl.They are also recognized in the navigation box, and in Search,except for theinsource parameter.
↑"What Links Here" does not report URL-style links to a page.
↑ Redirects that link to a section are part of a valiant effort to enable changing a section heading without breaking a link to thename. That effort also must ask editors who want to link to a section to always check the wikitext of the target section, and there find, read and understand the plan to link to a single redirect page instead. Then that redirect page links to the section. ("Invalid" redirects to a non-existing anchor or section occur when this is overlooked.)
↑If you will use the API heavily or professionally you should follow its currently listed recommendations atAPI.(Usecontinue=, useformatversion2, use multiple pages at once, etc.)
