↑In 2015, theAmerican Psychological Association Division 30 defined hypnosis as a "state of consciousness involving focused attention and reduced peripheral awareness characterized by an enhanced capacity for response to suggestion". For critical commentary on this definition, see:Lynn SJ, Green JP, Kirsch I, Capafons A, Lilienfeld SO, Laurence JR, Montgomery GH (April 2015). "Grounding Hypnosis in Science: The "New" APA Division 30 Definition of Hypnosis as a Step Backward".The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis.57 (4): 390–401.doi:10.1080/00029157.2015.1011472.PMID25928778.
↑Encyclopædia Britannica, 2004: "a special psychological state with certain physiological attributes, resembling sleep only superficially and marked by a functioning of the individual at a level of awareness other than the ordinary conscious state".
↑Kirsch I (October 1994). "Clinical hypnosis as a nondeceptive placebo: empirically derived techniques".The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis.37 (2): 95–106.doi:10.1080/00029157.1994.10403122.PMID7992808.
↑Kirsch, I., "Clinical Hypnosis as a Nondeceptive Placebo", pp. 211–25 in Kirsch, I., Capafons, A., Cardeña-Buelna, E., Amigó, S. (eds.),Clinical Hypnosis and Self-Regulation: Cognitive-Behavioral Perspectives, American Psychological Association, (Washington), 1999ISBN1-55798-535-9
↑Lynn S, Fassler O, Knox J (2005). "Hypnosis and the altered state debate: something more or nothing more?".Contemporary Hypnosis.22: 39–45.doi:10.1002/ch.21.
↑Coe WC, Buckner LG, Howard ML, Kobayashi K (July 1972). "Hypnosis as role enactment: focus on a role specific skill".The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis.15 (1): 41–45.doi:10.1080/00029157.1972.10402209.PMID4679790.
↑Orne, M. T. (1962). On the social psychology of the psychological experiment: With particular reference to demand characteristics and their implications. American Psychologist, 17, 776-783
↑Segi, Sherril (2012). "Hypnosis for pain management, anxiety and behavioral disorders".The Clinical Advisor: For Nurse Practitioners.15 (3): 80.ISSN1524-7317.
↑Spanos, N. P., Spillane, J., & McPeake, J. D. (1976). Cognitive strategies and response to suggestion in hypnotic and task-motivated subjects. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 18, 252-262.
↑Lynn, Steven Jay; Krackow, Elisa;Loftus, Elizabeth F.; Locke, Timothy G.;Lilienfeld, Scott O. (2014). "Constructing the past: problematic memory recovery techniques in psychotherapy". Ring Lilienfeld, Scott O.; Lynn, Steven Jay; Lohr, Jeffrey M. (eds.).Science and pseudoscience in clinical psychology (édisi ka-2nd). New York:Guilford Press. pp. 245–275.ISBN9781462517510.OCLC890851087.
↑Naudet, Florian;Falissard, Bruno; Boussageon, Rémy; Healy, David (2015)."Has evidence-based medicine left quackery behind?"(PDF).Internal and Emergency Medicine.10 (5): 631–634.doi:10.1007/s11739-015-1227-3.ISSN1970-9366.PMID25828467.Treatments such as relaxation techniques, chiropractic, therapeutic massage, special diets, megavitamins, acupuncture, naturopathy, homeopathy, hypnosis and psychoanalysis are often considered as ‘‘pseudoscience’’ or ‘‘quackery’’ with no credible or respectable place in medicine, because in evaluation they have not been shown to ‘‘work’’
