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United States Senate election in Wisconsin, 2018

From Ballotpedia

General election

General election for U.S. Senate Wisconsin

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Tammy Baldwin
Tammy Baldwin (D)
 
55.4
 
1,472,914
Image of Leah Vukmir
Leah Vukmir (R)
 
44.6
 
1,184,885
 Other/Write-in votes
 
0.0
 
42

Ballotpedia Logo

Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 2,657,841
Candidate Connection = candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team.



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U.S. Senate, Wisconsin
Ballotpedia Election Coverage Badge.png
Democratic primary
Republican primary
General election
Election details
Filing deadline: June 1, 2018
Primary: August 14, 2018
General: November 6, 2018
Pre-election incumbent:
Tammy Baldwin (Democrat)
How to vote
Poll times: 7 a.m. to 8 p.m.
Voting in Wisconsin
Race ratings
Cook Political Report: Likely Democratic
Inside Elections: Solid Democratic
Sabato's Crystal Ball: Likely Democratic
Ballotpedia analysis
U.S. Senate battlegrounds
U.S. House battlegrounds
Federal and state primary competitiveness
Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2018
See also
U.S. Senate, Wisconsin
U.S. Senate •1st •2nd •3rd •4th •5th •6th •7th •8th
Wisconsin elections, 2018
U.S. Congress elections, 2018
U.S. Senate elections, 2018
U.S. House elections, 2018

Contents

Incumbent Sen.Tammy Baldwin (D) faced state Sen.Leah Vukmir (R) in the general election for U.S. Senate in Wisconsin on November 6, 2018.

Baldwin was one of ten Democratic senators up for re-election in 2018 in a state that PresidentDonald Trump (R) won in 2016. By a margin of one point, he became the first Republican presidential nominee to win Wisconsin since 1984. Baldwin was first elected in 2012 by a margin of 6 points.[1]


This page covered the general election in this race.Click here to read more about the Democratic Party primary election.Click here to read more about the Republican Party primary election.


Candidates and election results

See also:Statistics on U.S. Congress candidates, 2018

General election

General election for U.S. Senate Wisconsin

IncumbentTammy Baldwin defeatedLeah Vukmir in the general election for U.S. Senate Wisconsin on November 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Tammy Baldwin
Tammy Baldwin (D)
 
55.4
 
1,472,914
Image of Leah Vukmir
Leah Vukmir (R)
 
44.6
 
1,184,885
 Other/Write-in votes
 
0.0
 
42

Ballotpedia Logo

Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 2,657,841
Candidate Connection = candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team.

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Wisconsin

IncumbentTammy Baldwin advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Wisconsin on August 14, 2018.

Candidate
✔
Image of Tammy Baldwin
Tammy Baldwin

Ballotpedia Logo

Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Candidate Connection = candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team.

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. Senate Wisconsin

Leah Vukmir defeatedKevin Nicholson,George Lucia,Griffin Jones, andCharles Barman in the Republican primary for U.S. Senate Wisconsin on August 14, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Leah Vukmir
Leah Vukmir
 
48.9
 
217,230
Image of Kevin Nicholson
Kevin Nicholson
 
43.1
 
191,276
Image of George Lucia
George Lucia
 
4.2
 
18,786
Image of Griffin Jones
Griffin Jones
 
2.0
 
8,699
Image of Charles Barman
Charles Barman
 
1.8
 
7,959

Ballotpedia Logo

There were noincumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 443,950
Candidate Connection = candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Independent primary election

No Independent candidates ran in the primary.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Election updates

  • August 22, 2018: Baldwin led Vukmir within the margin of error, 49 percent to 47 percent, in a Marquette Law School Poll of 601 likely voters. The margin of error was 4.5 percent.[2]

Noteworthy events

Brett Kavanaugh confirmation vote

See also:Supreme Court vacancy, 2018: An overview

On October 6, 2018, theU.S. Senate voted to confirm the nomination of JudgeBrett Kavanaugh to theU.S. Supreme Court. Fifty Senators voted to confirm Kavanaugh's nomination, 48 voted against, and Sen.Lisa Murkowski (R-AK) voted present. A simple majority was required to confirm Kavanaugh.[3]

Baldwin voted against Kavanaugh. She announced her opposition to him on July 12, saying, "The stakes are too high for the American people, who do not want the Supreme Court to advance a political agenda to overturn the law of the land on health care for people with pre-existing conditions, women’s reproductive health, and the constitutional rights and freedoms of all Americans. The people of Wisconsin need a fair, impartial and independent Supreme Court Justice who will stand up for them, not for powerful special interests. I don’t have confidence that Judge Kavanaugh would be that justice.”[4]

Vukmir said Baldwin's "obstruction on Judge Kavanaugh is proof that she’d rather stand with her liberal activist San Francisco donors than uphold the Constitution. Kavanaugh is an extremely well-qualified nominee who deserves our support."[5]

Key votes

Key votes cast by Baldwin

Sen.Tammy Baldwin (D-Wis.) cast the followingkey votes—votes that help citizens understand where their legislators stand on major policy issues—during the115th Congress, which convened on January 3, 2017, and adjourned on January 3, 2019.

Clickshow to see key votes for Sen.Tammy Baldwin (D-Wis.) →

Key votes: 115th Congress, 2017-2018

For detailed information about each vote, clickhere.

  • Votes on domestic policy (click to expand)

    VotedYea on: First Step Act of 2018 (S 756)

    Yes check.svg Motion Agreed to (87-12) on December 18, 2018
    Proposed making changes to the criminal justice system.[6]

    VotedYea on: Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (HR 2)

    Yes check.svg Conference Report Agreed to (87-13) on December 11, 2018
    Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance through fiscal year 2023.[7]

    VotedNay on: "Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States" (PN2259)

    Yes check.svg Nomination Confirmed (50-48) on October 6, 2018
    Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States[8]

    VotedNay on: "Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States" (PN2259)

    Yes check.svg Cloture Motion Agreed to (51-49) on October 5, 2018
    Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States[9]

    VotedYea on: Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 (HR 2)

    Yes check.svg Bill Passed (86-11, 3/5 majority required) on June 28, 2018
    Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance.[10]

    VotedNay on: Immigration reform proposal from Sen. Chuck Grassley and the Trump administration (S Amdt 1959 to HR 2579)

    Red x.svg Cloture Motion Rejected (39-60, 3/5 majority required) on February 15, 2018
    Proposed providing a path to citizenship for 1.8 million individuals brought into the U.S. without legal permission as children, $25 billion for border security, limits on chain migration or family-based migration, and eliminating the visa lottery system.[11]

    VotedYea on: Immigration reform proposal from the Common Sense Coalition (S Amdt 1958 to HR 2579)

    Red x.svg Cloture Motion Rejected (54-45, 3/5 majority required) on February 15, 2018
    Proposed providing a path to citizenship for individuals brought into the U.S. without legal permission as children, $25 billion for border security, and limitations on chain or family-based immigration.[12]

    VotedNay on: Stop Dangerous Sanctuary Cities Act amendment (S Amdt 1948 to S Amdt 1959)

    Red x.svg Cloture Motion Rejected (54-45, 3/5 majority required) on February 15, 2018
    Proposed withholding funding from sanctuary jurisdictions for not cooperating with federal immigration officials.[13]

    VotedYea on: Coons-McCain immigration plan (S Amdt 1955 to S Amdt 1958)

    Red x.svg Cloture Motion Rejected (52-47, 3/5 majority required) on February 15, 2018
    Proposed providing a path to citizenship for individuals brought into the U.S. without legal permission as children and conducting a study to determine what border security measures were needed. It also proposed requiring the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to secure the U.S.-Mexico border by 2021.[14]

    Did not vote on: Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act (S 2311)

    Red x.svg Cloture on the Motion to Proceed Rejected (51-46, 3/5 majority required) on January 29, 2018
    Proposed amending the federal criminal code to make it a crime for any person to perform or attempt to perform an abortion if the probable post-fertilization age of the fetus was 20 weeks or more. The bill proposed providing exceptions for an abortion: (1) that was necessary to save the life of the pregnant woman, or (2) when the pregnancy was the result of rape or incest.[15]

    VotedNay on: An amendment to repeal the requirements for individuals to enroll in health insurance and for employers to offer it—"Skinny bill" (S Amdt 667 to S Amdt 267 to HR 1628 the American Health Care Act of 2017)

    Red x.svg Amendment Rejected (49-51) on July 28, 2017
    The amendment proposed repealing the requirements for individuals to enroll in health insurance and for employers to offer it.[16]

    VotedNay on: An amendment to repeal the ACA, including Paul amendment (No. 271) (S Amdt 271 to S Amdt 267 to HR 1628)

    Red x.svg Amendment Rejected (45-55) on July 26, 2017
    An amendment to repeal the ACA, including Paul amendment (No. 271)[17]

    VotedNay on: Motion to advance the Better Care Reconciliation Act of 2017, including Cruz and Portman amendments (S Amdt 270 to S Amdt 267 to HR 1628)

    Red x.svg Motion Rejected (43-57, 3/5 majority required) on July 25, 2017
    A procedural vote to advance the Better Care Reconciliation Act of 2017 (BCRA), including the Cruz and Portman amendments.[18]

    VotedNay on: Motion to begin debate on the American Health Care Act of 2017 (HR 1628)

    Yes check.svg Motion to Proceed Agreed to (50-50, Vice President voted Yea) on July 25, 2017
    Proposed providing for reconciliation pursuant to title II of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2017.[19]

    VotedNay on: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (PN55(4)—confirmation vote)

    Yes check.svg Nomination Confirmed (54-45) on April 7, 2017
    Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States—confirmation vote.[20]

    VotedNay on: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (PN55(3))

    Yes check.svg Cloture Motion Agreed to (55-45) on April 6, 2017
    Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States—second vote to end debate and move to a vote on Gorsuch's nomination under the new precedent requiring only a simple majority to pass.[21]


    VotedYea on: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (PN55(2))

    Red x.svg Decision of Chair Not Sustained (48-52) on April 6, 2017
    Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States—a vote to keep the Senate precedent of requiring 60 votes to close debate on Supreme Court nominations.[22]

    VotedNay on: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (PN55)

    Red x.svg Cloture Motion Rejected (55-45, 3/5 majority required) on April 6, 2017
    Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States—initial vote to end debate and move to a vote on Gorsuch's nomination.[23]

  • Votes on economic affairs and regulations (click to expand)

    VotedYea on: "Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019" (HR 6157)

    Yes check.svg Conference Report Agreed to (93-7) on September 18, 2018Signed by President
    Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Departments of Defense, Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor, and Education.[24]

    VotedYea on: "Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019" (HR 5895)

    Yes check.svg Conference Report Agreed to (92-5) on September 12, 2018Signed by President
    Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Department of Energy, water resources, the legislative branch, military construction, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, among other programs.[25]

    VotedYea on: "Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019" (HR 6157)

    Yes check.svg Bill Passed (85-7) on August 23, 2018
    Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Departments of Defense, Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor, and Education.[26]

    VotedYea on: "Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019" (HR 5895)

    Yes check.svg Bill Passed (86-5) on June 25, 2018
    Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Department of Energy, water resources, the legislative branch, military construction, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, among other programs.[27]

    VotedYea on: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1625)

    Yes check.svg Motion Agreed to (65-32) on March 23, 2018Signed by President
    Proposed providing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes.[28]

    VotedYea on: The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (HR 1892)

    Yes check.svg Motion Agreed to (71-28) on February 9, 2018Signed by President
    Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through March 23, 2018[29]

    VotedNay on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 695)

    Red x.svg Cloture Motion Rejected (55-44, 3/5 majority required) on February 8, 2018
    Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through March 23, 2018.[30]

    VotedYea on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 195)

    Yes check.svg Motion Agreed to (81-18) on January 22, 2018Signed by President
    Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through February 8, 2018.[31]

    VotedYea on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 195)

    Yes check.svg Cloture Motion Agreed to (81-18, 3/5 majority required) on January 22, 2018
    Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through February 8, 2018.[32]

    VotedNay on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 195)

    Red x.svg Cloture Motion Rejected (50-49, 3/5 majority required) on January 19, 2018
    Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through January 19, 2018.[33]

    VotedNay on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1370)

    Yes check.svg Motion Agreed to (66-32, 3/5 majority required) on December 21, 2017Signed by President
    Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through January 19, 2018.[34]

    VotedNay on: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (HR 1)

    Yes check.svg Motion Agreed to (51-48) on December 20, 2017Signed by President
    Proposed providing for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018 and proposed changes to the tax code.[35]

    VotedYea on: "A joint resolution making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes." (HJ Res 123)

    Yes check.svg Joint Resolution Passed (81-14) on December 7, 2017Signed by President
    Proposed funding the government until December 22, 2017.[36]

    VotedNay on: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (HR 1)

    Yes check.svg Bill Passed (51-49) on December 2, 2017
    Proposed amending the Internal Revenue Code to reduce tax rates and modify policies, credits, and deductions for individuals and businesses.[37]

    VotedNay on: A concurrent resolution establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2018 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2019 through 2027. (H Con Res 71)

    Yes check.svg Concurrent Resolution Agreed to (51-49) on October 19, 2017
    Proposed establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2018 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2019 through 2027.[38]

    VotedYea on: Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2017 (Included amendments to suspend the debt ceiling and fund the government) (HR 601)

    Yes check.svg Motion Agreed to (80-17) on September 7, 2017Signed by President
    Proposed suspending the debt ceiling and funding the government until December 8, 2017, and providing funding for Hurricanes Harvey and Irma relief efforts.[39]

    VotedYea on: Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2017 (HR 244)

    Yes check.svg Motion Agreed to (79-18) on May 4, 2017Signed by President
    The $1.2 trillion budget bill proposed funding the government through the end of the fiscal year on September 30, 2017.[40]

  • Votes on foreign policy and national security issues (click to expand)

    VotedYea on: "A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities in the Republic of Yemen that have not been authorized by Congress." (SJ Res 54)

    Yes check.svg Joint Resolution Passed (56-41) on December 13, 2018
    Proposed removing United States Armed Forces from hostilities in the Republic of Yemen that were not authorized by Congress.[41]

    VotedYea on: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (HR 2810)

    Yes check.svg Bill Passed (89-8) on September 18, 2017
    Proposed authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 2018 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, and to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes. On November 15, 2017, the Senate passed the defense policy bill by voice vote. This bill was the result of compromises made in the conference report. For more information on the compromise bill,click here.[42][43]

    VotedYea on: Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (HR 3364)

    Yes check.svg Bill Passed (98-2) on July 27, 2017Signed by President
    Proposed providing congressional review and proposed countering aggression by the governments of Iran, the Russian Federation, and North Korea, and for other purposes.[44]

    VotedYea on: Countering Iran's Destabilizing Activities Act of 2017 (S 722)

    Yes check.svg Bill Passed (98-2) on June 15, 2017
    Proposed providing congressional review and proposed countering aggression by the governments of Iran, the Russian Federation, and North Korea, and for other purposes.[45]

2016 Pivot Counties

See also:Pivot Counties andCongressional districts intersecting with Pivot Counties

Wisconsin features six congressional districts that, based on boundaries adopted after the 2010 census, intersected with one or morePivot Counties. These 206 Pivot Counties voted forDonald Trump (R) in 2016 after voting forBarack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012.

The 206 Pivot Counties are located in 34 states. Iowa, with 31, had the most such counties. Heading into the 2018 elections, the partisan makeup of the108 congressional districts intersecting with Pivot Counties was more Republican than the partisan breakdown of the U.S. House. Of the 108 congressional districts that had at least one Pivot County, 63 percent were held by a Republican incumbent, while 55.4 percent of U.S. House seats were won by a Republican in the2016 elections.[46]

Campaign finance

The chart below contains data from financial reports submitted to theFederal Election Commission.

NamePartyReceipts*Disbursements**Cash on handDate
Tammy BaldwinDemocratic Party$31,514,876$31,549,383$142,193 As of December 31, 2018
Leah VukmirRepublican Party$5,852,699$5,810,340$42,360 As of December 31, 2018

Source:Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2018. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).

*According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee."
**According to the FEC, a disbursement "is a purchase, payment, distribution, loan, advance, deposit or gift of money or anything of value to influence a federal election," plus other kinds of payments not made to influence a federal election.


Campaign themes

Democratic Party Tammy Baldwin

Baldwin's campaign website stated the following:

“

Tammy Baldwin is doing right by Wisconsin and she is standing shoulder to shoulder with working families. Tammy will sit down with anyone, no matter their party, and she’ll take on anyone, no matter how powerful, if it means getting the job done for Wisconsinites.

[47]

”
—Tammy Baldwin’s campaign website (2018)[48]

Republican Party Leah Vukmir

Vukmir's campaign website stated the following:

“

Our Troops
Leah Vukmir is a blue star mother. Her son Nicholas is currently serving our country as a Lieutenant in the United States Army. Leah knows that how we treat our bravest reflects on our character as a nation.

She was appalled to learn of the widespread mismanagement and disgraceful neglect that has taken place at Veterans Affairs and angered by the way Senator Tammy Baldwin failed our veterans at Tomah.

Protect Life
As a nurse, whose primary mission is to save lives, Leah’s unwavering stance in protecting the sanctity of life is commonsense. Leah is pro-life. She has maintained a perfect voting record with Pro-Life Wisconsin and Wisconsin Right to Life and is proud to stand up for the unborn.

In the Senate, she will vote to confirm pro-life judges and believes that liberal elites in Washington want to impose a value system on the rest of the country that leaves little or no room for faith. Leah will fight efforts to restrict religious liberty and will stand against efforts by Congress to limit First Amendment protections of those who worship.

She attends Annuciation Greek Orthodox Church in Wauwatosa.

The Second Amendment
Leah is 100% pro-gun. She has an “A+” rating from the National Rifle Association for her pro-gun record. Leah opposes expanded federal regulation of gun ownership. In the Senate, she would oppose efforts to start a federal gun registry.

Leah is the only U.S. Senate candidate in Wisconsin endorsed by the NRA.

Homeland Security
The threat from radical Islamic jihadists and ISIS is clear. They want to kill us, and they are not going to stop until we confront them. There is a war going on, and as we’ve seen here in America and across the world, ISIS is targeting innocent civilians in its attacks. Leah supports using any means necessary to wipe ISIS from the face of the earth.

President Obama weakened America’s standing across the globe when he called ISIS the “JV team” and refused to enforce a red line drawn in Syria after Bashar Al-Assad used chemical weapons against his own people. Leah believes our leaders must project strength and be prepared to back it up with smart military force if necessary. Our enemies need to know that if you attack the United States or its civilians, we will respond.

Law and Order
President Trump talked a lot about law and order during the campaign, and Leah Vukmir agrees this is a critical issue. We must make sure our police officers have the equipment and tools they need to combat violent criminals and keep our communities safe. Leah has introduced multiple pieces of legislation to toughen penalties for violent criminals because she believes we need to send a message to repeat felons that their behavior will not be tolerated.

Those that keep Americans safe at home are our brave first responders – our police and firefighters. Leah stands with their efforts to keep us safe and believes the unfair attacks on police officers specifically by the fringe left need to stop. Police officers deserve our praise and thanks, not protests and attacks.

Immigration
We are either a nation of laws or we are not. Leah Vukmir’s father was an immigrant from Greece. Her mother’s parents were immigrants as well. Both families came the right way – legally.

In the U.S. Senate, Leah Vukmir will support construction of a wall on the southern border and efforts to crack down on illegal immigration in the United States. Leah also opposes sanctuary cities in Wisconsin.

The Constitution
Leah believes our rights come from God, not man. The government exists to enforce our freedoms and protect our rights, not to create new entitlements not specifically enumerated in the Constitution.

If elected, Leah will swear an oath to uphold and protect the Constitution of the United States, and she pledges to always refer to the intention of our founders when deciding how to vote.

Taxes and Spending
It’s not just that Congress spends too much – Congress is addicted to spending our money. Leah Vukmir is a conservative who believes that if hard-working Wisconsinites have to balance a checkbook, Congress should too. Leah supports a Balanced Budget Amendment to the Constitution for this very reason.

To pay for all this spending, Congress has created a complicated federal tax code. Thousands of pages long and burdensome for many Americans, Leah believes we must streamline the tax code by eliminating loopholes and deductions, while lowering tax rates for all Americans.

Finally, smaller companies pay one of the highest corporate tax rates in the world. Taxation of this magnitude negatively impacts our ability to remain competitive and keep our workforce in the United States. In the Senate, Leah will push for a tax code that is simplified, increases competition with other nations, and benefits all Americans.

Repeal Obamacare
Leah understands why people are upset with Republicans who promised to repeal Obamacare and didn’t deliver. She supports full repeal of Obamacare. Period. And she won’t stop pushing for full repeal in Congress.

Leah supports replacing Obamacare with free-market solutions that will lower costs and premiums. For example, Leah would allow insurers to offer a wider variety of plans that fit the demands of patients and families, not government central planners. And she would support allowing individuals to buy insurance across state lines, increasing competition and choice.

Finally, Leah knows from her experience dealing with Wisconsin’s Medicaid program that states truly are laboratories of innovation, which is what our founders intended. Leah supports more flexibility for states when it comes to Medicaid spending, and would support efforts to send Medicaid dollars to states in the form of a block grant – allowing states more flexibility to design their own plans and save taxpayers billions of dollars.

[47]

”
—Leah Vukmir’s campaign website (2018)[49]

Satellite spending

  • Americans for Prosperity–Wisconsin spent $800,000 on an ad buy against Baldwin in August 2018.[50]
  • Concerned Veterans for America (CVA) made a $1.5 million digital and television ad buy in February 2018 criticizing Baldwin for how she handled concerns with the medical care of military veterans at a facility in Tomah, Wisconsin. In March 2018, CVA spent an additional $1.6 million on advertising against Baldwin.[51][52] In August 2018, CVA spent $800,000 on an ad buy.[50]
  • VoteVets responded with a $1 million ad buy praising Baldwin's response to veteran interests.[53]

Campaign advertisements

Democratic Party Tammy Baldwin

Support
"Who'll Stand Up" - Baldwin campaign ad, released July 31, 2018
"Knock" - Baldwin campaign ad, released May 7, 2018
"Cheesy" - Baldwin campaign ad, released April 12, 2018
"Predator" - Baldwin campaign ad, released March 22, 2018
"Skyrocketing" - Baldwin campaign ad, released February 27, 2018
"Roddy" - Baldwin campaign ad, released February 27, 2018
Oppose
"Breathe" - Vukmir campaign ad, released October 16, 2018
"Timeline" - Vukmir campaign ad, released October 10, 2018
"Tomah" - Vukmir campaign ad, released September 26, 2018
"Empty Chair" - ad by Concerned Veterans for America, released July 10, 2018
"Veterans Suffered While Tammy Baldwin Did Nothing to Fix Tomah" - Concerned Veterans ad, released March 6, 2018
"The Tomah VA and Tammy Baldwin Let Us Down" - Concerned Veterans ad, released March 6, 2018
"Truth" - Concerned Veterans ad, released March 16, 2018

Republican Party Leah Vukmir

Support
"Nicholson for Leah Vukmir" - Restoration PAC ad, released October 11, 2018
"Wisconsin Way" - Vukmir campaign ad, released September 7, 2018
Oppose
"Ashamed" - Baldwin campaign ad, released September 8, 2018
"Why?" - Baldwin campaign ad, released October 22, 2018

Polls

See also:Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls
U.S. Senate election in Wisconsin, General election: Baldwin (D) vs. Vukmir (R)
PollTammy Baldwin (D)Leah Vukmir (R)Other/UndecidedMargin of ErrorSample Size
Marquette Law School Poll
August 15-19, 2018		49%47%3%+/-4.5601
NBC News/Marist Poll
July 15-19, 2018		55%38%6%+/-3.8906
Public Policy Polling
March 15-16, 2018		51%39%10%+/-3.3910
Note: A "0%" finding means the candidate was not a part of the poll. The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email toeditor@ballotpedia.org


U.S. Senate election in Wisconsin, General election: Baldwin (D) vs. Nicholson (R)
PollTammy Baldwin (D)Kevin Nicholson(R)Other/UndecidedMargin of ErrorSample Size
NBC News/Marist Poll
July 15-19, 2018		54%39%6%+/-3.8906
Public Policy Polling
March 15-16, 2018		51%38%11%+/-3.3910
Note: A "0%" finding means the candidate was not a part of the poll. The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email toeditor@ballotpedia.org


U.S. Senate election in Wisconsin, Republican primary
PollPoll sponsorNicholsonVukmirScheissOther/UndecidedMargin of ErrorSample Size
NBC News/Marist Poll
July 15-19, 2018		N/A38%28%0%34%+/-6.1355
Hodas & Associates
July 12-16, 2018		Restoration PAC33%20%0%48%+/-3.0600
Marquette Law School
July 11-15, 2018		N/A32%34%0%34%+/-7266
Marquette Law School
June 13-17, 2018		N/A37%32%0%32%+/-6.9800
Hodas & Associates
June 7-12, 2018		Restoration PAC28%14%0%58%+/-3.0600
WPA Intelligence
December 6-7, 2017		Nicholson for Senate30%23%2%45%+/-3.11,004
Note: A "0%" finding means the question was not a part of the poll. The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email toeditor@ballotpedia.org


Other 2018 statewide elections

See also:States with both gubernatorial and U.S. Senate elections in 2018

This race took place in one of twenty-two states that held elections for bothgovernor andU.S. Senate in 2018.

A table of where these elections occurred, the names of incumbents prior to the 2018 elections, and links to our coverage of these races can be viewed by clicking "[show]" on the banner below:

States holding both Gubernatorial and Senate elections in 2018
StateIncumbent GovernorOpen Seat?Incumbent SenatorOpen Seat?
ArizonaRepublican PartyDoug DuceyNoRepublican PartyJeff FlakeYes
CaliforniaDemocratic PartyJerry BrownYesDemocratic PartyDianne FeinsteinNo
ConnecticutDemocratic PartyDan MalloyYesDemocratic PartyChris MurphyNo
FloridaRepublican PartyRick ScottYesDemocratic PartyBill NelsonNo
HawaiiDemocratic PartyDavid IgeNoDemocratic PartyMazie HironoNo
MaineRepublican PartyPaul LePageYesGrey.pngAngus KingNo
MarylandRepublican PartyLarry HoganNoDemocratic PartyBen CardinNo
MassachusettsRepublican PartyCharlie BakerNoDemocratic PartyElizabeth WarrenNo
MichiganRepublican PartyRick SnyderYesDemocratic PartyDebbie StabenowNo
MinnesotaDemocratic PartyMark DaytonYesDemocratic PartyAmy KlobucharNo
NebraskaRepublican PartyPete RickettsNoRepublican PartyDeb FischerNo
NevadaRepublican PartyBrian SandovalYesRepublican PartyDean HellerNo
New MexicoRepublican PartySusana MartinezYesDemocratic PartyMartin HeinrichNo
New YorkDemocratic PartyAndrew CuomoNoDemocratic PartyKirsten GillibrandNo
OhioRepublican PartyJohn KasichYesDemocratic PartySherrod BrownNo
PennsylvaniaDemocratic PartyTom WolfNoDemocratic PartyBob Casey, Jr.No
Rhode IslandDemocratic PartyGina RaimondoNoDemocratic PartySheldon WhitehouseNo
TennesseeRepublican PartyBill HaslamYesRepublican PartyBob CorkerYes
TexasRepublican PartyGreg AbbottNoRepublican PartyTed CruzNo
VermontRepublican PartyPhil ScottNoGrey.pngBernie SandersNo
WisconsinRepublican PartyScott WalkerNoDemocratic PartyTammy BaldwinNo
WyomingRepublican PartyMatt MeadYesRepublican PartyJohn BarrassoNo

Wave election analysis

See also:Wave elections (1918-2016)

The termwave election is frequently used to describe an election cycle in which one party makessignificant electoral gains. How many seats would Republicans have had to lose for the 2018 midterm election to be considered a wave election?

Ballotpedia examined the results of the 50 election cycles that occurred between 1918 and 2016—spanning from PresidentWoodrow Wilson's (D) second midterm in 1918 toDonald Trump's (R) first presidential election in 2016.We define wave elections as the 20 percent of elections in that period resulting in the greatest seat swings against the president's party.

Applying this definition toU.S. Senate elections, we found that Republicans needed to loseseven seats for 2018 to qualify as awave election.

The chart below shows the number of seats the president's party lost in the 10 U.S. Senate waves from 1918 to 2016.Click here to read the full report.

U.S. Senate wave elections
YearPresidentPartyElection typeSenate seats changeSenate majority[54]
1932HooverRPresidential-13D (flipped)
1958EisenhowerRSecond midterm-12D
1946TrumanDFirst midterm-10R (flipped)
1980CarterDPresidential-9R (flipped)
2014ObamaDSecond midterm-9R (flipped)
1942RooseveltDThird midterm-8D
2008George W. BushDPresidential-8D
1926CoolidgeRFirst midterm[55]-7R
1930HooverRFirst midterm-7R
1986ReaganRSecond midterm-7D (flipped)

Election history

2016

See also:United States Senate election in Wisconsin, 2016

The race forWisconsin's U.S. Senate seat was one of nine competitivebattleground races in 2016 that helped Republicans maintain control of the Senate. IncumbentRon Johnson (R) defeated former SenatorRuss Feingold (D) andPhil Anderson (L) in the general election on November 8, 2016.[56][57][58]

In a rematch of the 2010 election, Johnson defeated Feingold for a second time to retain his Senate seat. Johnson trailed in the polls for most of the election.[59][60] In the final weeks of the election, Johnson received funding from national Republicans. Johnson said, "I wish I would have had the cavalry show up in June, July, August when Feingold was using his little moneymaking machine to out resource me. I guess, better late than never."[60][59]

Feingold reacted to his loss by saying to supporters, “I didn’t expect this outcome, to be honest with you.” Commenting on his loss and Democratic presidential nomineeHillary Clinton’s, Feingold said, “I would urge you to be as restrained as you can be as the next steps occur...this could be one the most challenging times in the history of our country.”[61]

Johnson, who defeated Feingold by three percentage points, said in his victory speech, "I believe America has given us a chance, an opportunity to put this nation on the right path. It's exactly what I intend to do."[60]

U.S. Senate, Wisconsin General Election, 2016
PartyCandidateVote %Votes
    RepublicanGreen check mark transparent.pngRon JohnsonIncumbent50.2%1,479,471
    Democratic Russ Feingold46.8%1,380,335
    Libertarian Phil Anderson3%87,531
    N/A Write-in0%8
Total Votes2,947,345
Source:Wisconsin Elections Commission


U.S. Senate, Wisconsin Democratic Primary, 2016
CandidateVote %Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngRuss Feingold90.2%303,791
Scott Harbach9.8%33,096
Total Votes336,887
Source:Wisconsin Elections and Ethics Commission

2012

See also:United States Senate elections in Wisconsin, 2012

Tammy Baldwin won election to the U.S. Senate in 2012.

U.S. Senate, Wisconsin, General Election, 2012
PartyCandidateVote %Votes
    DemocraticGreen check mark transparent.pngTammy Baldwin51.5%1,547,104
    Republican Tommy Thompson45.9%1,380,126
    Libertarian Joseph Kexel2.1%62,240
    Independent Nimrod Allen III0.5%16,455
    N/A Write-ins0%113
Total Votes3,006,038
Source:U.S. House Clerk "2012 Election Statistics"

State overview

Partisan control

This section details the partisan control of federal and state positions in Wisconsin heading into the 2018 elections.

Congressional delegation

State executives

  • Republicans held six of 11state executive positions, while one position was held by a Democrat and four were held by nonpartisan officials.
  • The governor of Wisconsin was RepublicanScott Walker.

State legislature

Trifecta status

2018 elections

See also:Wisconsin elections, 2018

Wisconsin held elections for the following positions in 2018:

Demographics

Demographic data for Wisconsin
 WisconsinU.S.
Total population:5,767,891316,515,021
Land area (sq mi):54,1583,531,905
Race and ethnicity**
White:86.5%73.6%
Black/African American:6.3%12.6%
Asian:2.5%5.1%
Native American:0.9%0.8%
Pacific Islander:0%0.2%
Two or more:2.1%3%
Hispanic/Latino:6.3%17.1%
Education
High school graduation rate:91%86.7%
College graduation rate:27.8%29.8%
Income
Median household income:$53,357$53,889
Persons below poverty level:15%11.3%
Source:U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015)
Clickhere for more information on the 2020 census andhere for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Wisconsin.
**Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the censushere.

As of July 2017, Wisconsin had a population of approximately 5,800,000 people, with its three largest cities being Milwaukee (pop. est. 600,000), Madison (pop. est. 250,000), and Green Bay (pop. est. 110,000).[62][63]

State election history

This section provides an overview of federal and state elections in Wisconsin from 2000 to 2016. All data comes from theWisconsin Elections Commission.

Historical elections

Presidential elections, 2000-2016

This chart shows the results of the presidential election in Wisconsin every year from 2000 to 2016.

Election results (President of the United States), Wisconsin 2000-2016
YearFirst-place candidateFirst-place candidate votes (%)Second-place candidateSecond-place candidate votes (%)Margin of victory (%)
2016Republican PartyDonald Trump47.8%Democratic PartyHillary Clinton46.3%1.5%
2012Democratic PartyBarack Obama52.8%Republican PartyMitt Romney45.9%6.9%
2008Democratic PartyBarack Obama56.2%Republican PartyJohn McCain42.3%13.9%
2004Democratic PartyJohn Kerry49.7%Republican PartyGeorge W. Bush49.3%0.4%
2000Democratic PartyAl Gore47.8%Republican PartyGeorge W. Bush47.6%0.2%

U.S. Senate elections, 2000-2016

This chart shows the results ofU.S. Senate races in Wisconsin from 2000 to 2016. Every state has two Senate seats, and each seat goes up for election every six years. The terms of the seats are staggered so that roughly one-third of the seats are up every two years.

Election results (U.S. Senator), Wisconsin 2000-2016
YearFirst-place candidateFirst-place candidate votes (%)Second-place candidateSecond-place candidate votes (%)Margin of victory (%)
2016Republican PartyRon Johnson50.2%Democratic PartyRuss Feingold46.8%3.4%
2012Democratic PartyTammy Baldwin51.4%Republican PartyTommy Thompson45.9%5.5%
2010Republican PartyRon Johnson51.9%Democratic PartyRuss Feingold47.0%4.9%
2006Democratic PartyHerb Kohl67.3%Republican Party Robert Lorge29.5%37.8%
2004Democratic PartyRuss Feingold55.3%Republican PartyTim Michels44.1%11.2%
2000Democratic PartyHerb Kohl61.5%Republican PartyJohn Gillespie37.0%24.5%

Gubernatorial elections, 2000-2016

This chart shows the results of the four gubernatorial elections held between 2000 and 2016. Gubernatorial elections are held every four years in Wisconsin.

Election results (Governor), Wisconsin 2000-2016
YearFirst-place candidateFirst-place candidate votes (%)Second-place candidateSecond-place candidate votes (%)Margin of victory (%)
2014Republican PartyScott Walker52.3%Democratic PartyMary Burke46.6%5.7%
2010Republican PartyScott Walker52.3%Democratic PartyTom Barrett46.5%5.8%
2006Democratic PartyJim Doyle52.7%Republican PartyMark Green45.3%7.4%
2002Democratic PartyJim Doyle45.1%Republican Party Scott McCallum41.4%3.7%

Congressional delegation, 2000-2016

This chart shows the number of Democrats and Republicans who were elected to represent Wisconsin in theU.S. House from 2000 to 2016. Elections for U.S. House seats are held every two years.

Congressional delegation, Wisconsin 2000-2016
YearRepublicansRepublicans (%)DemocratsDemocrats (%)Balance of power
2016Republican Party562.5%Democratic Party337.5%R+2
2014Republican Party562.5%Democratic Party337.5%R+2
2012Republican Party562.5%Democratic Party337.5%R+2
2010Republican Party562.5%Democratic Party337.5%R+2
2008Republican Party337.5%Democratic Party562.5%D+2
2006Republican Party337.5%Democratic Party562.5%D+2
2004Republican Party450%Democratic Party450%-
2002Republican Party450%Democratic Party450%-
2000Republican Party444.4%Democratic Party555.6%D+1

Trifectas, 1992-2017

Astate government trifecta occurs when one party controls both chambers of the state legislature and the governor's office.

Wisconsin Party Control: 1992-2025
Two years of Democratic trifectas  •  Ten years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

Year92939495969798990001020304050607080910111213141516171819202122232425
GovernorRRRRRRRRRRRDDDDDDDDRRRRRRRRDDDDDDD
SenateDRRRDDRDDDDRRRRDDDDRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
HouseDDDRRRRRRRRRRRRRRDDRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR


See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑Roll Call, "Leah Vukmir Wins Wisconsin GOP Primary to Take On Tammy Baldwin," August 14, 2018
  2. ↑Marquette Law School, "New Marquette Law School Poll Finds Tight Races for Wisconsin Governor, U.S. Senate Seat," August 22, 2018
  3. ↑New York Times, "Kavanaugh Is Sworn In After Close Confirmation Vote in Senate Video," October 6, 2018
  4. ↑Journal Sentinel, "Tammy Baldwin to oppose U.S. Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh," July 12, 2018
  5. ↑Twitter, "Leah Vukmir on July 12, 2018"
  6. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment with an Amendment)," December 18, 2018
  7. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 2)," December 11, 2018
  8. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Nomination (Confirmation Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," October 6, 2018
  9. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture Re: Brett M. Kavanaugh to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," October 5, 2018
  10. ↑Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2, As Amended)," June 28, 2018
  11. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1959)," February 15, 2018
  12. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1958 As Modified)," February 15, 2018
  13. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1948)," February 15, 2018
  14. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1955)," February 15, 2018
  15. ↑Senate.gov, "On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Proceed to the Consideration of S. 2311)," January 29, 2018
  16. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Amendment (McConnell Amdt. No. 667)," July 28, 2017
  17. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Amendment (Paul Amdt. No. 271 )," July 26, 2017
  18. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Waive All Applicable Budgetary Discipline Re: Amdt. No. 270)," July 25, 2017
  19. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Proceed to H.R. 1628)," July 25, 2017
  20. ↑U.S. Senate, "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 7, 2017
  21. ↑U.S. Senate, "On the Cloture Motion (Upon Reconsideration, Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Nomination of Neil M. Gorsuch of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 6, 2017
  22. ↑U.S. Senate, "On the Decision of the Chair (Shall the Decision of the Chair Stand as the Judgment of the Senate?)," April 6, 2017
  23. ↑U.S. Senate, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Nomination of Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 6, 2017
  24. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 6157)," September 18, 2018
  25. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 5895)," September 12, 2018
  26. ↑Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H. R. 6157 As Amended)," August 23, 2018
  27. ↑Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 5895 As Amended)," June 25, 2018
  28. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1625)," March 23, 2018
  29. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1892 with an Amendment (SA 1930))," February 9, 2018
  30. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 695)," February 8, 2018
  31. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment with Further Amendment)," January 22, 2018
  32. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 195)," January 22, 2018
  33. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 195)," January 19, 2018
  34. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1370)," December 21, 2017
  35. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Motion to Recede from the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1 and Concur with Further Amendment ," December 20, 2017
  36. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (H.J. Res. 123)," December 7, 2017
  37. ↑Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 1 As Amended )," December 2, 2017
  38. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Concurrent Resolution (H. Con. Res. 71 As Amended)," October 19, 2017
  39. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amdt. to the Senate Amdt. with an Amdt. No. 808 to H.R. 601)," September 7, 2017
  40. ↑U.S. Senate, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 244)," May 4, 2017
  41. ↑Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (S.J. Res. 54, As Amended), December 13, 2018
  42. ↑Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2810 As Amended)," September 18, 2017
  43. ↑The Hill, "Senate sends $692B defense policy bill to Trump's desk," November 15, 2017
  44. ↑Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 3364)," July 27, 2017
  45. ↑Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (S. 722 As Amended)," June 15, 2017
  46. ↑The raw data for this study was provided by Dave Leip ofAtlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.
  47. ↑47.047.1Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  48. ↑Tammy Baldwin’s campaign website, “Issues,” accessed October 18, 2018
  49. ↑Leah Vukmir’s campaign website, “Issues,” accessed October 18, 2018
  50. ↑50.050.1Chicago Tribune, "Koch groups spend more than $6 million against Sen. Tammy Baldwin in Wisconsin," August 29, 2018
  51. ↑Washington Examiner, "Tammy Baldwin under fire from conservative veterans group's $1.5 million ad campaign," February 6, 2018
  52. ↑Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "Koch brothers-backed group runs two ads hitting Tammy Baldwin on problems at Tomah VA," March 6, 2018
  53. ↑U.S. News & World Report, "Liberal Veterans Group Launches Pro-Baldwin Ad," February 8, 2018
  54. ↑Denotes the party that had more seats in the U.S. House following the election.
  55. ↑Calvin Coolidge's (R) first term began in August 1923 after the death of President Warren Harding (R), who was first elected in 1920. Before he had his first midterm in 1926, Coolidge was re-elected as president in 1924.
  56. ↑Ron Johnson for Senate, "News," accessed August 25, 2015
  57. ↑NPR, "Taking Aim At Money In Politics, Feingold Announces Comeback Bid," May 14, 2015
  58. ↑Wisconsin Government Accountability Board, "Candidate Tracking by Office," accessed June 2, 2016
  59. ↑59.059.1CNN, "Ron Johnson earns surprise GOP win in Wisconsin Senate race," accessed November 10, 2016
  60. ↑60.060.160.2Milwaukee Wisconsin Journal Sentinel, "Strategic change pays off for Johnson," accessed November 10, 2016
  61. ↑Wisconsin Radio Network, "Senator Ron Johnson wins re-election in Wisconsin (AUDIO)," accessed November 10, 2016
  62. ↑United States Census Bureau, "Quick Facts - Wisconsin," accessed January 15, 2018
  63. ↑Wisconsin Demographics, "Wisconsin Cities by Population," accessed January 15, 2018
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