Public policy made simple. Dive into ourinformation hub today!

United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri

From Ballotpedia
Western District of Missouri
Eighth Circuit
Western District of Missouri-seal.png
Judgeships
Posts: 7
Judges: 7
Vacancies: 0
Judges
Chief:Mary Elizabeth Phillips
Active judges:
Stephen R. Bough,Joshua Divine,M. Douglas Harpool,David Kays,Roseann A. Ketchmark,Mary Elizabeth Phillips,Brian C. Wimes

Senior judges:
Gary Fenner,Fernando Gaitan,Nanette Laughrey,Howard Sachs,Rodney Sippel,Ortrie Smith,Dean Whipple


TheUnited States District Court for the Western District of Missouri is one of 94United States district courts.[1] Courthouses are located inKansas City,Jefferson City, andSpringfield.[2] When decisions of the court are appealed, they are appealed to theUnited States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, based in downtownSt. Louis, Missouri, at the Thomas F. Eagleton Federal Courthouse and Building.

Vacancies

See also:Current federal judicial vacancies

There are no current vacancies on theUnited States District Court for the Western District of Missouri, out of the court's seven judicial positions.

Pending nominations

There are no pending nominees for this court.


Active judges

Article III judges

JudgeAppointed ByAssumed OfficeBachelorsLaw

David Kays

George W. Bush (R)

June 19, 2008 -

Southwest Missouri State University, 1985

University of Arkansas School of Law, 1987

Mary Elizabeth Phillips

Barack Obama (D)

March 22, 2012 -

University of Chicago, 1991

University of Missouri Law, 1996

Brian C. Wimes

Barack Obama (D)

April 30, 2012 -

University of Kansas, 1990

Texas Southern University, 1994

M. Douglas Harpool

Barack Obama (D)

March 28, 2014 -

Missouri State University, 1977

University of Missouri, Columbia Law, 1980

Stephen R. Bough

Barack Obama (D)

December 19, 2014 -

Missouri State University, 1993

University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law, 1997

Roseann A. Ketchmark

Barack Obama (D)

September 14, 2015 -

University of Oklahoma, 1986

University of Kansas, School of Law, 1990

Joshua Divine

Donald Trump (R)

July 24, 2025 -

University of Northern Colorado, 2012

Yale Law School, 2016


Active Article III judges by appointing political party

The list below displays the number of active judges by the party of the appointing president. It does not reflect how a judge may rule on specific cases or their own political preferences.

  • Democratic appointed: 5
  • Republican appointed: 2

Senior judges

JudgeAppointed ByAssumed OfficeBachelorsLaw

Howard Sachs

Jimmy Carter (D)

October 31, 1992 -

Williams College, 1947

Harvard Law School, 1950

Dean Whipple

Ronald Reagan (R)

April 30, 2007 -

Drury College, 1961

University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law, 1965

Ortrie Smith

Bill Clinton (D)

April 30, 2011 -

University of Missouri, Columbia, 1968

University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law, 1971

Nanette Laughrey

Bill Clinton (D)

August 27, 2011 -

University of California, Los Angeles, 1967

University of Missouri, Columbia School of Law, 1975

Fernando Gaitan

George H.W. Bush (R)

January 3, 2014 -

Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas, 1970

University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law, 1974

Gary Fenner

Bill Clinton (D)

September 8, 2015 -

University of Kansas, Lawrence, 1970

University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law, 1973

Rodney Sippel

January 28, 2023 -

University of Tulsa, 1978

Washington University School of Law, 1981


Senior judges by appointing political party

The list below displays the number of senior judges by the party of the appointing president. It does not reflect how a judge may rule on specific cases or their own political preferences.

  • Democratic appointed: 4
  • Republican appointed: 2

Magistrate judges

Federal magistrate judges are federal judges who serve inUnited States district courts, but they are not appointed by the president and they do not serve life terms. Magistrate judges are assigned duties by the district judges in the district in which they serve. They may preside over most phases of federal proceedings, except for criminal felony trials. The specific duties of a magistrate judge vary from district to district, but the responsibilities always include handling matters that would otherwise be on the dockets of the district judges. Full-time magistrate judges serve for renewable terms of eight years. Some federal district courts have part-time magistrate judges, who serve for renewable terms of four years.[3]

JudgeAppointed ByAssumed OfficeBachelorsLaw

James England

United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri

November 15, 1976 -

University or Missouri, 1969

University of Missouri Law, 1972

David P. Rush

United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri

December 1, 2012 -

Missouri State University, 1983

University of Iowa, 1986

Willie Epps

United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri

July 17, 2017 -

Amherst College, 1992

Harvard Law School, 1995

Lajuana Counts

United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri

September 2, 2018 -

University of Missouri, Columbia, 1982

University of Missouri, Kansas City, 1988

Jill Morris

United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri

August 3, 2020 -

Brian Gaddy

United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri

September 25, 2020 -

University of Missouri, Kansas City, 1994


Former chief judges

In order to qualify for the office ofchief judge in an Article III circuit or district court, or on theUnited States Court of International Trade, a judge must be in active service and hold seniority over the court's commissioned judges who are 64 years of age or under, have served one year or more, and have not previously served as chief judge.[4]

In the event that no judge on the court meets those qualifications, the youngest judge in regular active service aged 65 years or more and who has served as a judge for one year or more shall become chief judge. If no judge meets those qualifications, the judge holding seniority in active service who has not served as chief before shall become the chief judge.[5][6][7]

The chief judge serves for a term of seven years until another judge becomes eligible to serve in the position. No judge is permitted to serve as chief judge after reaching the age of 70 years unless no other judge is qualified to serve.[5][6][7]

Unlike the chief justice of the United States, a chief judge returns to active service after the expiration of their term and does not create a vacancy on the court by the fact of their promotion.[4][5][6][7]

On theUnited States Court of Federal Claims, the chief judge is selected by thepresident of the United States. The judge must be less than 70 years of age. A chief may serve until they reach age 70 or until another judge is designated by the president as the new chief judge. If the president selects a new chief judge, the former chief judge may continue active service on the court for the remainder of their appointed term.[8]


Former judges

For more information on the judges of the court, seeformer federal judges of the Western District of Missouri.

Jurisdiction

Western District of Missouri counties (click for larger map)

The Western District of Missouri hasoriginal jurisdiction over cases filed within its jurisdiction. These cases can include civil and criminal matters that fall under federal law.

There are five court divisions, each covering the following counties:

TheWestern Division, coveringBates,Carroll,Cass,Clay,Henry,Jackson,Johnson,Lafayette,Ray,St. Clair, andSaline counties.

TheCentral Division, coveringBenton,Boone,Callaway,Camden,Cole,Cooper,Hickory,Howard,Miller,Moniteau,Morgan,Osage, andPettis counties.

TheSouthern Division, coveringCedar,Christian,Dade,Dallas,Douglas,Greene,Howell,Laclede,Oregon,Ozark,Polk,Pulaski,Taney,Texas,Webster, andWright counties.

TheSt. Joseph Division, coveringAndrew,Atchison,Buchanan,Caldwell,Clinton,Daviess,DeKalb,Gentry,Grundy,Harrison,Holt,Livingston,Mercer,Nodaway,Platte,Putnam,Sullivan, andWorth counties.

TheSouthwestern Division, coveringBarry,Barton,Jasper,Lawrence,McDonald,Newton,Stone, andVernon counties.

Caseloads

This section contains court management statistics dating back to 2010. It was last updated in September 2025. Click[show] below for more information on caseload terms and definitions.

Caseload statistics explanation
TermExplanation
Cases filed and terminatedThe number of civil and criminal lawsuits formally initiated or decided by the court in a calendar year. The chart below reflects the table columnsCases filed andCases terminated.
Average time from filing to dispositionThe average amount of time, in months, from a case's date of filing to date of disposition (acquittal, sentencing, dismissal, etc.). The chart below reflects the table columnsMedian time (Criminal) andMedian time (Civil).
Starting case loadThe number of cases pending from the previous calendar year.
Cases filedThe number of civil and criminal lawsuits formally initiated in a calendar year.
Cases terminatedThe total number of civil and criminal lawsuits decided by the court in a calendar year.
Remaining casesThe number of civil and criminal cases pending at the end of a given year.
Median time (Criminal)The average amount of time, in months, from a case's date of filing to the date of disposition. In criminal cases, the date of disposition occurs on the day of sentencing or acquittal/dismissal.
Median time (Civil)The average amount of time, in months, from a case's date of filing to the date of disposition.
Three-year civil casesThe number and percent of civil cases that were filed more than three years before the end of the given calendar year.
Vacant postsThe number of months during the year an authorized judgeship was vacant.
Trial/PostThe number of trials completed divided by the number of authorized judgeships on the court. Trials include evidentiary trials, hearings on temporary restraining orders, and preliminary injunctions.

Source:United States Courts, "Explanation of the Judicial Caseload Profiles for United States District Courts," accessed September 25, 2018

United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri caseload stats, 2010-2024
YearCases FiledCases TerminatedCases PendingNumber of JudgeshipsVacant Judgeship MonthsAverage Total Filings per JudgeshipTrials Completed per JudgeshipMedian time from filing to disposition, criminalMedian time from filing to disposition, civilThree-year civil cases (#)Three-year civil cases (%)
20103,4733,2592,8996057924128352
20113,2753,0432,69561254623149603
20123,9993,7743,3006666720147563
20133,6333,5483,40368606191410472
20143,4473,5173,33268575271510533
20153,3333,6323,0316055638179714
20163,6573,6363,0796061032169744
20173,3113,6832,7116055233158926
20183,1443,1162,7046052431177836
20193,2813,1652,82460547311571178
20203,1022,7703,14060517211771308
20213,0723,0933,16160512191971258
20222,8493,0043,02460475182181128
20232,8683,1962,683604781322614010
20242,6492,8292,489604421420715111
Average3,2733,2842,9656254624178906

History

Congress established the State ofMissouri as one judicial district onMarch 16, 1822, with one post to cover the entire state. The district court inMissouri was not yet assigned to a judicial circuit, and therefore was granted the same jurisdiction as the United States circuit courts, excluding appeals or writs of error, which are the jurisdiction of theUnited States Supreme Court.

OnMarch 3, 1837, following Statute5 Stat. 176, Congress repealed the circuit court jurisdiction of the district court of Missouri. Missouri was assigned to theEighth Circuit and the U.S. Circuit Court for the District of Missouri was created. OnMarch 3, 1857, Statute11 Stat. 197 divided the U.S. Circuit Court for the District of Missouri into two judicial districts, known as the Eastern and the Western. One judgeship was authorized to each district, and the district judge who served the District of Missouri was assigned to serve the Western District of Missouri.

Congress assigned Missouri to theNinth Circuit onJuly 15, 1862, and then assigned Missouri to theEighth Circuit onJuly 23, 1866.

Over time, five additional judicial posts were added for a total of seven posts.[9]

Judicial posts

The following table highlights the development of judicial posts for the Western District of Missouri:[9]

YearStatuteTotal Seats
March 3, 185711 Stat. 1971
September 14, 192242 Stat. 8382
June 22, 193649 Stat. 18043
December 24, 194256 Stat. 10834
May 19, 196175 Stat. 805
June 2, 197084 Stat. 2947
October 20, 197892 Stat. 16297
July 10, 198498 Stat. 3337
December 1, 1990104 Stat. 50897

Noteworthy cases

For a searchable list of opinions,click here.

  • Death row prisoner's stay of execution denied, then granted (2014)
     Judge(s):Mary Elizabeth Phillips (U.S. v. Bucklew)
Click for summary→

On May 19, 2014, JudgeMary Elizabeth Phillips refused to issue a stay in the execution of Russell Bucklew, over his lawyers’ arguments that the death-row inmate’s rare birth defect would cause him to suffer cruel and unusual punishment if he were to be lethally injected.[10]

Bucklew, who was convicted on rape and murder charges, suffered from a congenital medical condition that caused a tumor to grow on his face and head. His attorneys alleged the tumor caused Bucklew to "experience bleeding, intense pain, and difficulty breathing." They further alleged that because of Bucklew’s medical condition, the lethal injection drugs would likely cause him to hemorrhage, choke, or suffocate to death.[10]

Judge Phillips refused to grant a stay, noting that Bucklew failed to offer feasible suggestions for an alternative method of execution:[10]

His complaint does not include any reference to a feasible and more humane alternative method of execution. Rather, the complaint appears to allege that there is currently no constitutional method of executing Bucklew.[11]

Bucklew’s attorneys appealed to a panel of theUnited States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, which granted a stay of execution in a 2-1 vote on May 21, 2014, the day Bucklew was scheduled to be put to death.[12] The Missouri Attorney General’s Office appealed the ruling, and later that day, the full circuit court reversed its earlier stay. Bucklew’s legal team then appealed to theSupreme Court as a last resort, and JusticeSamuel Alito issued an emergency order to stay Bucklew’s execution. There were five hours left on Bucklew’s death warrant when the Supreme Court issued its stay.[12]

In March 2018, the Supreme Court issued another order staying Bucklew's execution a second time.[13]

On April 1, 2019, the U.S. Supreme Court affirmed an earlier Eighth Circuit ruling, holding Bucklew did not meet criteria under previous U.S. Supreme Court rulings requiring a death-row inmate to show both that a feasible and readily implemented alternative method existed and also that the state refused to use the method without a good reason.[14]Click here for more information.

Bucklew was executed on October 1, 2019.[15]

  • Death row inmate's appeal over execution drugs denied (2014)
     Judge(s):Mary Elizabeth Phillips (U.S. v. Taylor)
Click for summary→

On February 24, 2014, JudgeMary Elizabeth Phillips denied a stay of execution for Michael Taylor, a convicted rapist and murderer.[16]

Taylor's lawyers argued that Missouri's execution protocols put their client at a high risk of experiencingEighth Amendment violations in the form of cruel and unusual punishment. Using past execution drug failures as examples, and pentobarbital's failures in particular, members of Taylor's defense team alleged their client would experience "severe, unnecessary, lingering and ultimately inhumane pain." Taylor's lawyers also argued that Missouri officials violated prisoners' rights by executing them prior to all legal appeals reaching their conclusion.[16]

Judge Phillips twice denied Taylor's petitions, saying his constitutional arguments would likely be unsuccessful:[16]

Taylor has not set forth any binding legal authority to suggest that, even if there was a change to the protocol, death row inmates have a due process right to review an execution protocol or be notified of a change to it.[11]

Taylor was subsequently executed on February 26, 2014.[17]

  • Mandatory drug testing of college students found unconstitutional (2013)
     Judge(s):Nanette Laughrey (Barrett, et al v. Claycomb, et al, 2:11-CV-04242-NKL)
Click for summary→

On September 13, 2013, JudgeNanette Laughrey ruled that mandatory and suspicionless drug testing of college students was unconstitutional as an unreasonable search.

In the underlying case, Linn State Technical College instituted a drug-testing program in 2011 that required that incoming freshmen and students who had been away from campus for six months or more submit to urine testing for drug screens. The college said that the drug tests would prepare students for employment in fields where such tests may be required. The ACLU filed suit on behalf of six students, alleging that the drug tests violated theirFourth Amendment rights against unreasonable searches and seizures. Judge Laughrey granted the students an injunction, and Linn State filed an interlocutory appeal to theUnited States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, claiming that the school needed to perform these drug tests to prevent safety risks to its students. The appeals court lifted the injunction and sent the case back to the trial court, where Judge Laughrey ruled that the school had used "illusory safety concerns to mask unconstitutional purposes." Noting that it was settled law that urine tests are searches under the Fourth Amendment, Judge Laughrey found that Linn State's drug-testing policy was unconstitutional. A lawyer for the school said further appeal in the case was likely.[18]

Federal courthouse

Three separate courthouses serve the Western District of Missouri located inJefferson City,Kansas City, andSpringfield.[2]

About United States District Courts

TheUnited States district courts are the generaltrial courts of theUnited States federal courts. There are 94 such courts. Bothcivil andcriminal cases are filed in the district court, which is a court of both law and equity.

There is aUnited States bankruptcy court and a number ofbankruptcy judges associated with each United States district court. Eachfederal judicial district has at least one courthouse, and most districts have more than one.

There is at least one judicial district for each state, and one each for Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia. District courts in three insular areas—the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands—exercise the same jurisdiction as U.S. district courts. Despite their name, these courts are technically not District Courts of the United States. Judges on theseterritorial courts do not enjoy the protections ofArticle III of the Constitution, and serve terms of 10 years rather than for life.

There are677 U.S. District Court judgeships.[19][20]

The number of federal district judge positions is set by the U.S. Congress in Title 28 of the U.S. Code, Section 133, which authorizes a set number of judge positions, or judgeships, making changes and adjustments in these numbers from time to time.

In order to relieve the pressure of trying the hundreds of thousands of cases brought before the federal district courts each year, many trials are tried by juries, along with a presiding judge.[21]

Appointments by president

The chart below shows the number of district court judges confirmed by the U.S. Senate through November 1 of the first year of presidents' second term in office. At this point in the term, President Obama had the most district court appointments with 25.


Judges by district

See also:Judicial vacancies in federal courts

The table below displays the number of judges in each district and indicates how many were appointed by presidents from each major political party. It also includes the number of vacancies in a district and how many pending nominations for that district are before theUnited States Senate. The table can be sorted by clicking the column headers above the line, and you can navigate through the pages by clicking the arrows at the top of the table. It is updated every Monday.


Judicial selection

The district courts are served byArticle III federal judges who are appointed for life during "good behavior." They are usually first recommended by senators (or members of the House, occasionally). The President of the United States makes the appointments, which must then be confirmed by the U.S. Senate in accordance withArticle III of the United States Constitution.[20]

StepApprovedA Candidacy ProceedsDefeatedA Candidacy Halts
1. Recommendation made by Congress Member to the PresidentPresident Nominates toSenate Judiciary CommitteePresident Declines Nomination
2. Senate Judiciary Committee interviews CandidateSends candidate to Senate for confirmationReturns candidate to President, who may re-nominate to Committee
3. Senate votes on candidate confirmationCandidate becomes federal judgeCandidate does not receive judgeship

Magistrate judges

The district courts are also served by magistrate judges. Congress created the judicial office offederal magistrate in 1968. In 1990, the position title was changed tomagistrate judge. The chief judge of each district appoints one or more magistrate judges, who discharge many of the ancillary duties of district judges so judges can handle more trials. There are both full-time and part-time magistrate judge positions, and these positions are assigned to the district courts according to caseload criteria (subject to funding by Congress). A full-time magistrate judge serves a term of eight years; a part-time magistrate judge's term of office is four years.[22]


See also

External links

Footnotes

  1. Mow.uscourts.gov, "Western District of Missouri," accessed July 9, 2014
  2. 2.02.1United States Courts Western District of Missouri, "Courthouse Locations," accessed May 5, 2021
  3. U.S. District Court - NH, "Magistrate Judges," archived April 14, 2014
  4. 4.04.1United States Courts, "Frequently Asked Questions," accessed January 25, 2022
  5. 5.05.15.2Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute, "28 U.S. Code § 136 - Chief judges; precedence of district judges," accessed January 25, 2022
  6. 6.06.16.2Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute, "28 U.S. Code § 258 - Chief judges; precedence of judges," accessed January 25, 2022
  7. 7.07.17.2Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute, "28 U.S. Code § 45 - Chief judges; precedence of judges," accessed January 25, 2022
  8. Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute, "28 U.S. Code § 171 - Appointment and number of judges; character of court; designation of chief judge," accessed January 25, 2022
  9. 9.09.1Federal Judicial Center, "The U.S. District Courts and the Federal Judiciary," accessed April 26, 2021
  10. 10.010.110.2NBC News, "Judge OKs Execution of Russell Bucklew, Missouri Inmate With Birth Defect," May 19, 2014
  11. 11.011.1Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  12. 12.012.1NBC News, "Supreme Court Halts Execution of Missouri Inmate Russell Bucklew," May 21, 2014
  13. The Washington Post, "Supreme Court stays execution of killer whose lawyer warns he could choke on his own blood," March 21, 2018
  14. Supreme Court of the United States,Bucklew v. Precythe, April 1, 2019
  15. CNN, "Missouri inmate executed despite activists’ concerns he could suffer because of his rare disease," Oct. 1, 2019
  16. 16.016.116.2UPI, "Federal judge denies Missouri death row inmate's appeal over drug," February 24, 2014
  17. KCTV5, "Michael Taylor executed for killing Ann Harrison," February 26, 2014
  18. Courthouse News Service, "College's Student Drug Testing Policy Tossed," September 17, 2013
  19. US Courts, "Federal Judgeships," accessed May 10, 2021 (archived)
  20. 20.020.1U.S. Courts, "United States District Court Federal Judiciary Frequently Asked Questions," accessed May 10, 2021 (archived)
  21. United States District Courts, "District Courts," accessed May 10, 2021
  22. The 'Lectric Law Library, "Understanding the U.S. federal courts"
v  e
U.S. Circuit Courts andDistrict Courts
First Circuit
Second Circuit
Third Circuit
Fourth Circuit
Fifth Circuit
Sixth Circuit
Seventh Circuit
Eighth Circuit
Ninth Circuit
Tenth Circuit
Eleventh Circuit
Flag of Missouri
v  e
State ofMissouri
Jefferson City (capital)
Elections

What's on my ballot? |Elections in 2025 |How to vote |How to run for office |Ballot measures

Government

Who represents me? |U.S. President |U.S. Congress |Federal courts |State executives |State legislature |State and local courts |Counties |Cities |School districts |Public policy

Flag of Missouri.svg
v  e
Federal judges who have served theUnited States District Court for the Western District of Missouri
Active judges

Chief JudgeMary Elizabeth Phillips  •  David Kays  •  Brian C. Wimes  •  M. Douglas Harpool  •  Stephen R. Bough  •  Roseann A. Ketchmark

Senior judges

Rodney Sippel  •  Nanette Laughrey  •  Ortrie Smith  •  Dean Whipple  •  Howard Sachs  •  Fernando Gaitan  •  Gary Fenner  •  

Magistrate judgesJames England  •  David P. Rush  •  Lajuana Counts  •  Willie Epps  •  Brian Gaddy  •  Jill Morris  •  
Former Article III judges

Stephen N. Limbaugh, Sr.  •  Robert William Wells  •  John Gibson (Eighth Circuit)  •  Arnold Krekel  •  John Finis Philips  •  Arba Seymour Van Valkenburgh  •  Albert Reeves  •  Merrill Otis  •  John Collet  •  Richard Dorr  •  William Collinson  •  Richard Duncan (Missouri)  •  Joseph Stevens (Missouri)  •  Harris Wangelin  •  Brook Bartlett  •  William Becker  •  Russell Clark  •  Floyd Gibson  •  Albert Ridge  •  Charles Whittaker  •  Elmo Hunter  •  John Oliver (Missouri)  •  Ross Roberts  •  Randle Smith  •  

Former Chief judges

Dean Whipple  •  Scott Wright  •  Howard Sachs  •  Albert Reeves  •  Richard Duncan (Missouri)  •  Joseph Stevens (Missouri)  •  Brook Bartlett  •  William Becker  •  Russell Clark  •  Floyd Gibson  •  Albert Ridge  •  Elmo Hunter  •  John Oliver (Missouri)  •  Randle Smith  •