Texas State Legislature
| Texas State Legislature | |
 | |
| General information | |
| Type: | State legislature |
| Term limits: | None |
| Session start: | No regular legislative session |
| Website: | Official Legislature Page |
| Leadership | |
| Senate President: | Dan Patrick (R) |
| House Speaker: | Dustin Burrows (R) |
| Structure | |
| Members: | 31 (Senate), 150 (House) |
| Length of term: | 4 years (Senate),2 years (House) |
| Authority: | Art 3, Texas Constitution |
| Salary: | $7,200/year + per diem |
| Elections | |
| Last election: | November 5, 2024 |
| Next election: | November 3, 2026 |
| Redistricting: | Texas Legislature has control |
TheTexas Legislature is thestate legislature ofTexas. The legislature meets at the Texas State Capitol in Austin. In Texas, the legislature is considered "the dominant branch of state government," according to the Texas State Historical Association.[1]
It is composed of the upper chamber, theTexas State Senate, and the lower chamber, theTexas House of Representatives.
Texas entered the Union in 1845. The first legislature met from February 16 to May 13, 1846.
Texas has a Republicantrifecta. The Republican Party controls the office of governor and both chambers of the state legislature.
Senate
- See also:Texas State Senate
The current make-up of the Texas Legislature is as follows: There are 31 Senators in the Texas State Senate.
As of the 2020 Census, Texas state senators represented an average of941,396 residents. After the 2010 Census, each member represented815,110 residents.
| As of February 2026 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Party | Members | |
| Democratic | 11 | |
| Republican | 18 | |
| Other | 0 | |
| Vacancies | 2 | |
| Total | 31 | |
Click here for a list of members of this chamber.
Republicans won control of the Texas State Senate in 1996. In2024, they won a 20-11 majority.
The table below shows the partisan history of the Texas Senate following every general election from 1992 to 2024. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin'sParty Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.
Texas State Senate election results: 1992-2024
| Year | '92 | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 | '06 | '08 | '10 | '12 | '14 | '16 | '18 | '20 | '22 | '24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democrats | 18 | 17 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 11 |
| Republicans | 13 | 14 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
House of Representatives
- See also:Texas House of Representatives
There are 150 representatives in theTexas House of Representatives.
As of the 2020 Census, Texas state representatives represented an average of194,555 residents. After the 2010 Census, each member represented168,456 residents.
| As of February 2026 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Party | Members | |
| Democratic | 62 | |
| Republican | 88 | |
| Other | 0 | |
| Vacancies | 0 | |
| Total | 150 | |
Click here for a list of members of this chamber.
Republicans won control of the Texas House of Representatives in 2002. In2024, they won an 88-62 majority.
The table below shows the partisan history of the Texas House following every general election from 1992 to 2024. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin'sParty Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.
Texas House of Representatives election results: 1992-2024
| Year | '92 | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 | '06 | '08 | '10 | '12 | '14 | '16 | '18 | '20 | '22 | '24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democrats | 91 | 89 | 82 | 79 | 78 | 62 | 63 | 69 | 74 | 51 | 55 | 52 | 55 | 67 | 67 | 64 | 62 |
| Republicans | 58 | 61 | 68 | 71 | 72 | 88 | 87 | 81 | 76 | 99 | 95 | 98 | 95 | 83 | 83 | 86 | 88 |
Elections
2026
Elections for theTexas State Senate will take place in 2026. The general election is onNovember 3, 2026. The primary isMarch 3, 2026, and the primary runoff isMay 26, 2026. The filing deadline wasDecember 8, 2025.
Elections for theTexas House of Representatives will take place in 2026. The general election is onNovember 3, 2026. The primary isMarch 3, 2026, and the primary runoff isMay 26, 2026. The filing deadline wasDecember 8, 2025.
2024
Elections for theTexas State Senate took place in 2024. The general election was onNovember 5, 2024. The primary wasMarch 5, 2024, and the primary runoff wasMay 28, 2024. The filing deadline wasDecember 11, 2023.
Elections for theTexas House of Representatives took place in 2024. The general election was onNovember 5, 2024. The primary wasMarch 5, 2024, and the primary runoff wasMay 28, 2024. In 2024, minor party county conventions were held onMarch 16, 2024, and district conventions were held onMarch 24, 2024. The filing deadline wasDecember 11, 2023.
2022
Elections for theTexas State Senate took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for March 1, 2022, and a primary runoff was scheduled for May 24, 2022. The filing deadline was December 13, 2021.
Elections for theTexas House of Representatives took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for March 1, 2022, and a primary runoff was scheduled for May 24, 2022. The filing deadline was December 13, 2021.
2020
Elections for the office ofTexas State Senate took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for March 3, 2020, and a primary runoff was scheduled for July 14, 2020. The filing deadline was December 9, 2019.
Elections for the office ofTexas House of Representatives took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for March 3, 2020, and a primary runoff was scheduled for July 14, 2020. The filing deadline was December 9, 2019.
2018
Elections for theTexas State Senate took place in 2018. Anopen primary election took place on March 6, 2018.[2] Aprimary runoff election took place on May 22, 2018. The general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline wasDecember 11, 2017.[3]
Elections for theTexas House of Representatives took place in 2018. Anopen primary election took place on March 6, 2018.[4] Aprimary runoff election took place on May 22, 2018. The general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline wasDecember 11, 2017.[5]
2016
Elections for theTexas State Senate took place in 2016. The primary election was held on March 1, 2016, and the general election was held onNovember 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was December 14, 2015.[6]
Elections for theTexas House of Representatives took place in 2016. The primary election was held on March 1, 2016, and the general election was held onNovember 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was December 14, 2015.[7]
2014
Elections for 15 of the 31 seats in theTexas State Senate took place in 2014. A primary election took place on March 4, 2014. The general election was held onNovember 4, 2014. Thesignature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in these elections was December 9, 2013.
Elections for all 150 seats in theTexas House of Representatives took place in 2014. A primary election took place on March 4, 2014. Those candidates who did not receive 50 percent or more of the vote in their party primary on March 4 faced an additional May 27 primary runoff. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. Thesignature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in these elections was December 9, 2013.
2012
Elections for the office of Texas State Senate took place in 2012. The primary election was held on May 29, 2012, and the general election was held onNovember 6, 2012. The candidate filing deadline was March 9, 2012.
Elections for the office of Texas House of Representatives took place in 2012. The primary election was held on May 29, 2012, and the general election was held onNovember 6, 2012. The candidate filing deadline was March 9, 2012.
2010
Elections for the office of Texas State Senate took place in 2010. The primary election was held on March 2, 2010, and the general election was held onNovember 2, 2010. The candidate filing deadline was January 4, 2010.
Elections for the office of Texas House of Representatives took place in 2010. The primary election was held on March 2, 2010, and the general election was held onNovember 2, 2010. The candidate filing deadline was January 4, 2010.
Sessions
Article III of the Texas Constitution establishes when the Legislature is to be in session. Section 5 of Article III states that the Legislature shall meet every two years at times to be established by law. Current law establishes the start of session to be noon on the second Tuesday in January of all odd numbered years.[8] Section 5 goes on to say that the Legislature can also be convened by theGovernor of Texas. Sessions are limited to 140 days.
2025
In 2025, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 14, 2025, and adjourn on June 2, 2025.
| Click [show] for past years' session dates. | ||
|---|---|---|
2024In 2024, the legislature did not hold a regular session. 2023In 2023, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 10, 2023, and adjourn on May 29, 2023. 2022In 2022, the legislature did not hold a regular session. 2021In 2021, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 12, 2021, and adjourn on May 31, 2021. 2020In 2020, the legislature did not hold a regular session. 2019In 2019, the legislature was in session from January 8, 2019, through May 27, 2019. 2018In 2018, the legislature did not hold a regular session. 2017In 2017, the legislature was in session from January 10, 2017, through May 29, 2017. A special session was held from July 18 to August 15.
2016In 2016, the legislature did not hold a regular session. 2015In 2015, the legislature was in session from January 13 through June 1. Major issues in 2015Major issues during the 2015 legislative session included transportation funding, especially funding of the Texas Department of Transportation. A bill meant to help alleviate funding issues within the agency died in the last legislative session, leaving the issue to the 2015 legislative session. Officials from the agency told lawmakers they needed an additional $4 billion a year to maintain the state's current traffic levels.[16] 2014In 2014, the legislature did not hold a regular session. 2013In 2013, the legislature was in session from January 8 to May 27. Thirty minutes after the regular session ended, GovernorRick Perry (R) called legislators back for a special session starting that evening.[17] Major issues in 2013Along with the necessity of creating a new budget, some of the biggest issues included Medicaid and school funding, a water shortage, and reforming the school finance system.[18] Wallace Hall impeachment
After he was appointed in 2011,University of Texas RegentWallace Hall began looking into what he believed to be clout scandals within the University of Texas system. Hall investigated the university'sforgivable-loans program andadmissions policies and preferential treatment to politically-connected individuals.[19] Hall, as an individual citizen, filed FOIA requests with the university system after his inquiries via his role as a Regent were rebuffed.[20] According to his accusers, Hall filed requests of more than 800,000 pages, which some Texas administrators called an unnecessary burden.[21][22] However, a letter from university chancellorFrancisco Cigarroa in February 2014 said that Hall likely requested fewer than 100,000 pages.[23][24] In addition, Cigarroa wrote: "During testimony before the Select Committee, some early witnesses implied that the U.T. System has not protected the privacy rights of students, staff, and patients. This is simply not true."[25] An effort was begun in June 2013 by members of the Texas State House to try and impeach Hall from his position as Regent. Some legislators justified the impeachment on the grounds that Hall did not disclose several lawsuits that he was involved in when he originally completed his Regent background check. Hall updatedGovernorRick Perry's (R) office in April 2013 with the full list.[26][27] The lack of lawsuit disclosure by Hall was not unique -- more than 9,000 lawsuits were not disclosed by other appointed Texas officials.[28][29]Perry's spokesperson said the investigations sent a "chilling message" to gubernatorial appointees.[30] He added that the investigation was "extraordinary political theater."[31] Texas state legislators had never previously tried to remove an appointed official. Only two elected officials in the history of Texas have ever been successfullyimpeached.[32]Texas State House SpeakerJoe Straus (R) authorized theCommittee on Transparency in State Agency Operations to investigate the possibility of drafting articles of impeachment.[33] The committee censured Hall but did not impeach him. 2012In 2012, the legislature did not hold a regular session. 2011Regular sessionIn 2011, the legislature was in session from January 11 through May 30.[34]Major themes throughout the session were fixing a multi-billion dollar budget shortfall, state and congressional redistricting, and immigration reform. While redistricting maps were passed for theTexas House of Representatives, theTexas State Senate, and the State Board of Education, the legislature failed to pass a congressional map within the regular session. Special sessionThe 82nd Legislative Session officially ended Monday, May 30, 2011. Due to a lack of progress on key legislative items, GovernorRick Perry (R) called a special session which began first thing Tuesday, May 31, 2011. Of primary concern in the special session was passing supporting legislation needed to balance the budget. Even though a budget bill passed both theHouse andSenate during the regular session, a last-minutefilibuster byDemocratic SenatorWendy Davis halted the passing of an essential school finance bill that was required to balance the budget. TheTexas Constitution requires a balanced budget, so a special session was called. Balancing the budget was not the only item on the special session agenda. Medicaid reform, immigration, andcongressional redistricting were amongst the issues to be addressed.[35] 2010In 2010, the legislature did not hold a regular session.[36] 2009In 2009, the legislature met in session from January 13 through June 1.[37] |
Role in state budget
- See also:Texas state budget and finances
Texason |
The state operates on a biennial budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[38]
- Budget instructions are sent to state agencies beginning inJune.
- Agencies submit their budget requests to thegovernor betweenJuly and September.
- Public hearings are held betweenJuly and October.
- The governor submits his or her proposed budget to thestate legislature by thedate of the State of the State address.
- The legislature typically adopts a budget inMay. A simple majority is required to pass a budget. The fiscal year begins inSeptember.
Texas is one of 44 states in which the governor hasline item veto authority.[38][39]
The legislature is constitutionally required to adopt a balanced budget. The governor must sign a balanced budget into law.[38]
Qualification for service
TheTexas Constitution sets the qualifications for election to each house as follows:
- A senator must be at least 26 years of age, a citizen of Texas five years prior to election and a resident of the district from which elected one year prior to election. Each senator serves a four-year term and one-half of the Senate membership is elected every two years in even-numbered years, with the exception that all 31 Senate seats are up for election for the first legislature following the decennial census in order to reflect the newly redrawn districts. After the initial election, the Senate is divided by lot into two classes, with one class having a re-election after two years and the other having a re-election after four years.
- A representative must be at least 21 years of age, a citizen of Texas for two years prior to election and a resident of the district from which elected one year prior to election. They are elected for two-year terms, running for re-election in even-numbered years.[40]
Neither the House of Representatives nor the Senate hasterm limits.
District maps
State Senate
Texas State Senate Districts
until January 9, 2023
Click a district to compare boundaries.
Texas State Senate Districts
starting January 10, 2023
Click a district to compare boundaries.
State House
Texas State House Districts
until January 9, 2023
Click a district to compare boundaries.
Texas State House Districts
starting January 10, 2023
Click a district to compare boundaries.
Veto overrides
- See also:Veto overrides in state legislatures
State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Texas are listed below.
How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Two-thirds of members present in both chambers.
| Two-thirds of members present in both chambers must vote to override a veto. If all members are in attendance, this is 100 of the 150 members in theTexas House of Representatives and 21 of the 31 members in theTexas State Senate. Texas is one of 36 states that requires a two-thirds vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto. |
Authority:Article 4, Section 14 of theTexas Constitution.
| "Every bill which shall have passed both houses of the Legislature shall be presented to the Governor for his approval. If he approve he shall sign it; but if he disapprove it, he shall return it, with his objections, to the House in which it originated, which House shall enter the objections at large upon its journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration, two-thirds of the members present agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, with the objections, to the other House, by which likewise it shall be reconsidered; and, if approved by two-thirds of the members of that House, it shall become a law; but in such cases the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the members voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each House respectively." |
Redistricting
- See also:Redistricting in Texas
In Texas, both congressional and state legislative district boundaries are drawn by theTexas State Legislature. These lines are subject to veto by thegovernor.[41]
If the state legislature is unable to approve a state legislative redistricting plan, a backup commission must draw the lines (the backup commission is not involved in congressional redistricting). This backup commission, established in 1948, comprises the following members:[41]
- Lieutenant governor
- Speaker of theTexas House of Representatives
- Attorney general
- State comptroller
- Commissioner of the General Land Office
TheTexas Constitution requires that state legislative districts be contiguous and "that they preserve whole counties when population mandates permit."[41]
2020
Texas renewed its state legislative district boundaries in June 2023 for use in 2024 and until the 2030 census. These districts were the same as those enacted by the state in October 2021. Gov.Greg Abbott (R) signedHB 1000 — establishing state House district boundaries — on June 12, 2023, and he allowedSB 375 — establishing state Senate district boundaries — to become law without his signature on June 18, 2023.[42][43]
The Texas Tribune's James Barragan wrote in January 2023 that Senate Legislative Redistricting Committee ChairwomanJoan Huffman (R) said the state was re-doing the redistricting process "to ensure that Legislature had met its constitutional requirement to apportion districts in the first regular session after the publishing of the results of the federal census, which is done every 10 years. Because of the pandemic, census numbers were not released until after the end of the last regularly scheduled legislative session on May 31, 2021. Redistricted maps were passed in a subsequent special session that year."[44] Texas had originally enacted new state legislative districts on October 25, 2021.
2010
Texas received its local census data on February 17, 2011. The state grew 20.6%, with Hispanics making up at least 2/3 of that growth. As far as the large cities, Houston grew by 7.5 percent, San Antonio grew by 16.0 percent, Dallas grew by 0.8 percent, Austin grew by 20.4 percent, and Fort Worth grew by 38.6 percent. However, Harris County -- of which Houston is the seat -- grew by 20%, suggesting suburban growth.[45]
In 2012, Texas held elections under interim maps drawn by a federal court after the Legislature's passed maps were thrown out by a panel of three federal judges on Voting Rights Act grounds. The panel drew up its own maps, but the federal court struck down those as well, substituting its own so that the elections could proceed.
Legislators
Salaries
| State legislative salaries, 2025[46] | |
|---|---|
| Salary | Per diem |
| $7,200/year | $221/day |
Pension
When calculating a legislators pension, their normal salary is artificially inflated to $125,000. This goes back to 1981, when lawmakers linked their salaries to those of state judges. Since then, they raised judges' salaries while removing the caps on their own pensions, pushing the maximum benefit up to 100% of a judge's salary.
In 2011, this resulted in an average state employee pension of $17,526 annually. The maximum pension a legislator can earn is $125,000, of which Rep.Tom Craddick (R) will be the first to qualify for when he retires.[47]
When sworn in
Texas legislators assume office at the beginning of the legislative session, which starts at noon on the second Tuesday in January in the year after the election.[48][49]
Amending the constitution
The Texas legislature has the authority to proposeamendments to theTexas Constitution. Proposed amendments must be approved in a joint resolution of both theTexas State Senate and theTexas House of Representatives. The joint resolution can originate in either the House or the Senate.
The resolution must be adopted by a vote of at least two-thirds of the membership of each house of the legislature. That amounts to a minimum of 100 votes in the House of Representatives and 21 votes in the Senate.
Amendments may be proposed in either regular or special sessions.
Joint Committees
In the Texas state government, Joint Committees are comprised of members of both theTexas State Senate and theTexas House of Representatives, and sometimes civilian members of executive agencies, commissions, and councils. Joint committees are created by theLieutenant GovernorSpeaker of the House through special proclamation. Under normal circumstances, joint committees in Texas are created to operate in the interim of legislative sessions, and rarely during a session. All joint committees in Texas are classified as select committees, and do not carry over between legislative sessions.[50]
2011-2012
The Texas Legislature had one joint committee:
2009-2010
- Aging Committee, Texas Legislature
- Criminal Commitments of Indiv. w/ Mental Retardation Committee, Texas Legislature (Select)
- Dyslexia & Related Disorders Committee, Texas Legislature (Select)
- Environmental Flows Committee, Texas Legislature
- Oversight of Bexar Metropolitan Water District Committee, Texas Legislature
- Oversight of Criminal Justice Committee, Texas Legislature
- Oversight of Edwards Aquifer Committee, Texas Legislature
- Oversight of HHS Eligibility System Committee, Texas Legislature
- Oversight of Windstorm Insurance Committee, Texas Legislature
- School Finance Weights, Allotments & Adjustments Committee, Texas Legislature (Select)
History
Partisan balance 1992-2013
Texas Senate: From 1992-2013, the Democratic Party was the majority in the Texas State Senate for five years while the Republicans were the majority for 17 years. Texas was under Republicantrifectas for the final 11 years of the study.
Across the country, there were 541 Democratic and 517 Republican state senates from 1992 to 2013.
Texas House: From 1992-2013, the Democratic Party was the majority in the Texas State House of Representatives for the first 11 years while the Republicans were the majority for the last 11 years. Texas was under Republicantrifectas for the final 11 years of the study.
Across the country, there were 577 Democratic and 483 Republican State Houses of Representatives from 1992 to 2013.
Over the course of the 22-year study, state governments became increasingly more partisan. At the outset of the study period (1992), 18 of the 49 states with partisan legislatures had single-party trifectas and 31 states had divided governments. In 2013, only 13 states had divided governments, while single-party trifectas held sway in 36 states, the most in the 22 years studied.
The chart below shows the partisan composition of theOffice of the Governor of Texas, theTexas State Senate and theTexas House of Representatives from 1992 to 2013.
.PNG)
SQLI and partisanship
- To read the full report on theState Quality of Life Index (SQLI) in PDF form, clickhere.
Texas was one of eight states to demonstratea dramatic partisan shift in the 22 years studied. A dramatic shift was defined by a movement of 40 percent or more toward one party over the course of the study period. Texas started out with Democratic trifectas but shifted to Republican trifectas by the end of the study.
The chart below depicts the partisanship of the Texas state government and the state's SQLI ranking for the years studied. For the SQLI, the states were ranked from 1-50, with 1 being the best and 50 the worst. Prior to Republican trifectas, which started in 2003, the SQLI rating for Texas stayed consistently in the 30s, except for its lowest ranking of 40 in 1994 during a Democratic trifecta. Within a few years of the Republican trifectas that ranking moved up, and Texas finished 11th, its highest ranking, in 2012.
- SQLI average with Democratic trifecta: 36.67
- SQLI average with Republican trifecta: 18.00
- SQLI average with divided government: 33.63
Constitutional amendments
In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process forreferring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states,initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are alsomany other types of statewide measures.
The methods in which the Texas Constitution can be amended:
TheTexas Constitution provides one mechanism for amending the state's constitution—legislatively referred constitutional amendments. Texas requires a simple majority vote (50% plus 1) for voters to approve constitutional amendments.
Legislature
According toArticle 17, the state Legislature can refer constitutional amendments to the ballot for voters to decide.Atwo-thirds (66.67%) vote is required during one legislative session for theTexas State Legislature to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 100 votes in theTexas House of Representatives and 21 votes in theTexas State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.
See also
| Elections | Texas State Government | State Legislatures | State Politics |
|---|---|---|---|
 |  |  |  |
External links
Footnotes
- ↑TSHA, "Texas Legislature," accessed October 12, 2018
- ↑National Conference of State Legislatures, "State Primary Election Systems," accessed May 29, 2017
- ↑Texas Secretary of State, "Important 2018 Election Dates," accessed September 11, 2017
- ↑National Conference of State Legislatures, "State Primary Election Systems," accessed May 29, 2017
- ↑Texas Secretary of State, "Important 2018 Election Dates," accessed September 11, 2017
- ↑Texas Secretary of State, "Important 2016 Election Dates," accessed December 14, 2015
- ↑Texas Secretary of State, "Important 2016 Election Dates," accessed December 14, 2015
- ↑Texas State Legislature, "Texas Govt. Code 3.A.301.A001," accessed February 17, 2021
- ↑texas.gov, "Proclamation by the Governor of the State of Texas," July 10, 2017
- ↑texas.gov, "Supplemental Call," July 10, 2017
- ↑Texas Tribune, "Texas Senate moves to fast-track special session agenda," July 18, 2017
- ↑Texas Tribune, "Senate gives OK to must-pass "sunset" legislation in midnight vote," July 19, 2017
- ↑The Texas Tribune, "Texas House approves sending first two special session bills to governor," August 10, 2017
- ↑Texas Tribune, "Tears and shouting on Texas House floor as Freedom Caucus delays bills to death," May 11, 2017
- ↑Texas Freedom Caucus, "Abbott Must Call a Special Session," May 31, 2017
- ↑Aman Batheja,Texas Tribune, "Transportation Funding Likely to Be Big Issue in 2015" accessed January 29, 2015
- ↑kten.com, "Texas Lawmakers To Tackle Redistricting In Special Session," May 29, 2013
- ↑Star-Telegram, "As lawmakers return to Austin this week, a heap of work awaits," January 6, 2013
- ↑American Spectator, "Transparency for Thee," October 25, 2013
- ↑Daily Texas Online, "Facing impeachment, Regent Wallace Hall defends actions in debate with Sen. Kirk Watson," September 28, 2013
- ↑Daily Texas Online, "Former UT System vice chancellor alleges Regent Wallace Hall’s ‘clear intent to get rid of Bill Powers’," October 24, 2013
- ↑Dallas Morning News, "UT regent sought 800,000 documents, official says in impeachment hearing," October 22, 2013
- ↑Watchdog, "‘Witch hunt’ fallout: Speaker calls for narrower public records law," February 5, 2014
- ↑Texas Tribune, "UT System Responds to Transparency Committee Directives," February 3, 2014
- ↑Texas Tribune, "Cigarroa letter to the Committee on Transparency in State Agency Operations," February 1, 2014
- ↑Texas Tribune, "UT Regent Wallace Hall Updates Lawsuit Disclosures," April 30, 2013
- ↑Real Clear Policy, "The Campaign Against Wallace Hall," August 15, 2013
- ↑Watchdog.org, "Case against UT regent Wallace Hall is a sham — here’s proof," September 6, 2013
- ↑News-Journal, "University of Texas regent not worried by impeachment inquiry," September 9, 2013
- ↑Texas Tribune, "Transparency Committee to Mull Impeachment of UT Regent," June 25, 2013
- ↑Texas Tribune, "Perry Blasts Impeachment Probe of Wallace Hall," October 30, 2013
- ↑Texas Public Radio, "UT Regent Wallace Hall Will Testify In Impeachment Hearing," November 13, 2013
- ↑Texas State House Committees, "Transparency in State Agency Operations Committee Members," accessed October 31, 2013
- ↑National Conference of State Legislatures, "2011 Legislative Sessions Calendar," accessed June 6, 2014(Archived)
- ↑The Texas Tribune, "The Official Agenda for a New Session," May 30, 2011
- ↑National Conference of State Legislatures, "2010 session dates for Texas legislature," December 8, 2010
- ↑National Conference of State Legislatures, "2009 Legislative Sessions Calendar," March 11, 2010
- ↑38.038.138.2National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
- ↑National Conference of State Legislatures, "Separation of Powers: Executive Veto Powers," accessed January 26, 2024
- ↑Texas Secretary of State, "Qualifications for All Public Offices," accessed February 16, 2021
- ↑41.041.141.2All About Redistricting, "Texas," accessed May 7, 2015
- ↑Texas Legislature Online, "Bill: HB 1000," accessed June 21, 2023
- ↑Texas Legislature Online, "Bill: SB 375," accessed June 21, 2023
- ↑The Texas Tribune, "Texas Senate votes to take up redistricting again," January 11, 2023
- ↑U.S. Census Bureau, "U.S. Census Bureau Delivers Texas' 2010 Census Population Totals, Including First Look at Race and Hispanic Origin Data for Legislative Redistricting," February 17, 2011
- ↑National Conference of State Legislatures, "2025 Legislator Compensation," December 2, 2025
- ↑USA Today, "State lawmakers pump up pensions in ways you can't," September 23, 2011
- ↑The Texas Constitution, "Article 3, Section 3-4," accessed February 2, 2024
- ↑Texas Government Code, "Title 3., Subtitle A., Sec. 301.001," accessed February 2, 2024
- ↑This information about joint legislative committees in Texas is from an email dated March 21, 2011, from the Applications Administrator of the Texas Legislature's website to Jimmy Ardis, a staff writer for Ballotpedia.
