Texas House of Representatives elections, 2024
- Presidential election
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- Voter information
2026→ ←2022 | |
| 2024 Texas House Elections | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Primary | March 5, 2024 |
| Primary runoff | May 28, 2024 |
| General | November 5, 2024 |
| Past Election Results |
| 2022・2020・2018・2016・2014 2012・2010・2008 |
| 2024 Elections | |
|---|---|
| Choose a chamber below: | |
Elections for theTexas House of Representatives took place in 2024. The general election was onNovember 5, 2024. The primary wasMarch 5, 2024, and the primary runoff wasMay 28, 2024. In 2024, minor party county conventions were held onMarch 16, 2024, and district conventions were held onMarch 24, 2024. The filing deadline wasDecember 11, 2023.
Following the election, Republicans maintained an 88-62 majority.
TheTexas House of Representatives was one of 85 state legislative chambers with elections in2024. There are 99 chambers throughout the country.
Party control
| Texas House of Representatives | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 5, 2024 | After November 6, 2024 | |
| Democratic Party | 63 | 62 | |
| Republican Party | 86 | 88 | |
| Vacancy | 1 | 0 | |
| Total | 150 | 150 | |
Aftermath
On January 14, 2025, the members of theTexas House of Representatives electedDustin Burrows (R) to serve as speaker through 2026. Burrows defeatedDavid Cook (R) on the second round of voting 85-55, supported by 49 Democrats and 36 Republicans. IncumbentDade Phelan (R), first elected to the speakership in 2021, did not run for a third term.[1]
In addition to Burrows and Cook, Rep.Ana-Maria Ramos (D) ran for speaker and received 23 votes in the first round of voting. With none of the candidates receiving a majority, voting moved to a runoff between Burrows and Cook. Republicans controlled 88 of the legislature's 150 seats as a result of the2024 elections, with 76 votes needed to win the speakership.[1]
In an interview withFOX 4 News, Southern Methodist University professor Matthew Wilson described the election for speaker as reflecting "the ongoing division among Republicans in the Texas House between a conservative faction and a more establishment moderate faction, and that is a battle that has been going on among Texas Republicans for more than a decade now over House leadership," with the conservative faction supporting Cook and the establishment faction supporting Burrows. Wilson said the election would determine "whether the the House is going to operate more or less the way the Senate does and whether it's going to have a decidedly conservative flavor to it, as we've seen in the Texas Senate."[2]
In his review of the 2023 legislative session, Rice University professor Mark Jones rated 11 House Republicans as less conservative than Burrows and 72 as more conservative. Jones rated 47 House Republicans as less conservative than Cook and 36 as more conservative.[3]
Local political observers also described theMarch 5 Republican primaries for Texas House in 2024 as a battle between a more moderate and a more conservative wing of the state Republican Party. The primaries took place following two votes in 2023 that divided the House Republican caucus—one in which the House voted against introducing a school voucher program over Gov.Greg Abbott's (R) objections and one in which the House voted to impeach Attorney GeneralKen Paxton (R). Both Cook and Burrows voted in support of Abbott's voucher proposal and in favor of impeaching Paxton.
Aftermath of 2024 Republican primaries
2026→ ←2022 | |
| 2024 Texas House Elections | |
|---|---|
| |
| Primary | March 5, 2024 |
| Primary runoff | May 28, 2024 |
| General | November 5, 2024 |
| Past Election Results |
| 2022・2020・2018・2016・2014 2012・2010・2008 |
| 2024 Elections | |
|---|---|
| Choose a chamber below: | |
The 2024 Republican primaries for Texas House took place in the context of two votes taken in 2023 that divided the caucus. The first was the impeachment of Attorney GeneralKen Paxton (R). Sixty Republicans joined with 61 Democrats as the House voted 121-23 to impeach Paxton.[4] In the second vote, 21 Republicans joined with 63 Democrats as the House voted 84-63 to remove a provision for school vouchers from an education funding bill. GovernorGreg Abbott (R) supported the voucher proposal.[5][6] Both Burrows and Cook voted to impeach Paxton and against removing the Abbott-backed voucher proposal from the education bill.
Of the 88 Republicans who voted on a speaker for the 2025 session, 62 were also in office in 2023 and voted on impeachment and vouchers. Thirteen of the 26 newly-elected Republicans ran in—and won—primaries against legislators who voted on impeachment and vouchers. All 13 newly-elected legislators who won primary challenges in 2024 appeared on Cook's list of supporters and did not appear on Burrows' list.
Of the House Republicans who were in office in both 2023 and 2025, a majority of those who appeared on Burrows' list of supporters voted to impeach Paxton and a majority of those who appeared on Cook's list of supporters voted against impeaching Paxton. Although majorities of both candidates' supporters voted to keep the voucher proposal in place, all legislators who did vote against the voucher proposal appeared on Burrows' list of supporters.
Vote to impeach Ken Paxton
Of the 88 House Republicans participating in the caucus vote, 43 voted to impeach Paxton in 2023 and 17 voted against impeachment. Twenty-six more had not been elected yet and two were in office but did not vote on impeachment. A majority of House Republicans who voted to impeach Paxton backed Burrows, with 29 (67%) appearing only on Burrows' list of supporters, 12 (28%) appearing only on Cook's list of supporters, and two (5%) appearing on both lists. A majority of House Republicans who voted against impeaching Paxton backed Cook, with 15 (88%) appearing only on Cook's list of supporters and one each (6% each) appearing only on Burrows' list and on both lists.
Of the 13 Republicans first elected to the House in 2024 after a successful primary challenge to a Republican incumbent, 12 (92%) defeated an incumbent who voted to impeach Paxton and one (8%) defeated an incumbent who voted against impeachment. All 13 appeared only on Cook's list.
Thirty-three House Republicans on Burrows' list of supporters were members of the House during 2023 and voted on impeachment. Thirty-one of those legislators (94%) voted to impeach Paxton. The two who voted against impeaching Paxton wereCharles Cunningham andE. Sam Harless. Cunningham appeared on both candidates' supporter lists and said he intended to support Cook.
Thirty House Republicans on Cook's list of supporters were members of the House during 2023 and voted on impeachment.[7] Sixteen of those legislators (53%) voted against impeaching Paxton while 14 (47%) voted in favor.
Vote to remove voucher provision
Of the 88 House Republicans participating in the caucus vote, 54 voted to keep the voucher proposal in place in 2023 and seven voted to remove it. Twenty-six more had not been elected yet and one was in office but did not vote on the proposal. A majority of House Republicans who voted to keep vouchers in place backed Cook, with 29 (54%) appearing only on Cook's list of supporters, 22 (41%) appearing only on Burrows' list, and three (6%) appearing on both lists. All seven House Republicans who voted to remove the voucher proposal backed Burrows.
Of the 13 Republicans first elected to the House in 2024 after a successful primary challenge to a Republican incumbent, eight (62%) defeated incumbents who voted to remove the voucher proposal and five (38%) defeated incumbents who voted to keep the voucher proposal. All 13 appeared only on Cook's list.
Thirty-two House Republicans on Burrows' list of supporters were members of the House during 2023 and voted on the voucher proposal.[8] Twenty-five of those legislators (78%) voted to keep the voucher proposal and seven (22%) voted to remove it.
Thirty-two House Republicans on Cook's list of supporters were members of the House during 2023 and voted on the voucher proposal. All 32 voted to keep the voucher proposal in place.
Candidates
General election
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate ConnectionPrimary runoff
Texas House of Representatives primary runoff 2024 | |||
| |||
| Office |  Democratic |  Republican | Other |
| District 1 | |||
| District 12 | |||
| District 21 | |||
| District 29 | |||
| District 30 | |||
| District 33 | |||
| District 37 | |||
| District 44 | |||
| District 58 | |||
| District 61 | |||
| District 64 | |||
| District 76 | |||
| District 77 | |||
| District 80 | |||
| District 91 | |||
| District 97 | |||
| District 139 | |||
| District 146 | |||
Primary
Convention candidates
In 2024, minor party county conventions were held on March 16, 2024 and district conventions were held on March 24, 2024.
Voting information
- See also:Voting in Texas
Election information inTexas: Nov. 5, 2024, election.
What was the voter registration deadline?
- In-person: Oct. 7, 2024
- By mail: Postmarked by Oct. 7, 2024
- Online: N/A
Was absentee/mail-in voting available to all voters?
What was the absentee/mail-in ballot request deadline?
- In-person: Oct. 25, 2024
- By mail: Received by Oct. 25, 2024
- Online: N/A
What was the absentee/mail-in ballot return deadline?
- In-person: Nov. 5, 2024
- By mail: Postmarked by Nov. 5, 2024
Was early voting available to all voters?
What were the early voting start and end dates?
Were all voters required to present ID at the polls? If so, was a photo or non-photo ID required?
When were polls open on Election Day?
General election race ratings
The table below displays race ratings for each race in this chamber fromCNalysis.
Campaign finance
- See also:Campaign finance
The section and tables below contain data from financial reports submitted to state agencies. Districts and elections are grouped in sections of 10. To view data for a district, click on the appropriate bar below to expand it. The data is gathered and made available byTransparency USA.
- Districts 1-10 (click to expand)
District 1
District 2
District 3
District 4
District 5
District 6
District 7
District 8
District 9
District 10
- Districts 11-20 (click to expand)
District 11
District 12
District 13
District 14
District 15
District 16
District 17
District 18
District 19
District 20
- Districts 21-30 (click to expand)
District 21
District 22
District 23
District 24
District 25
District 26
District 27
District 28
District 29
District 30
- Districts 31-40 (click to expand)
District 31
District 32
District 33
District 34
District 35
District 36
District 37
District 38
District 39
District 40
- Districts 41-50 (click to expand)
District 41
District 42
District 43
District 44
District 45
District 46
District 47
District 48
District 49
District 50
- Districts 51-60 (click to expand)
District 51
District 52
District 53
District 54
District 55
District 56
District 57
District 58
District 59
District 60
- Districts 61-70 (click to expand)
District 61
District 62
District 63
District 64
District 65
District 66
District 67
District 68
District 69
District 70
- Districts 71-80 (click to expand)
District 71
District 72
District 73
District 74
District 75
District 76
District 77
District 78
District 79
District 80
- Districts 81-90 (click to expand)
District 81
District 82
District 83
District 84
District 85
District 86
District 87
District 88
District 89
District 90
- Districts 91-100 (click to expand)
District 91
District 92
District 93
District 94
District 95
District 96
District 97
District 98
District 99
District 100
- Districts 101-110 (click to expand)
District 101
District 102
District 103
District 104
District 105
District 106
District 107
District 108
District 109
District 110
- Districts 111-120 (click to expand)
District 111
District 112
District 113
District 114
District 115
District 116
District 117
District 118
District 119
District 120
- Districts 121-130 (click to expand)
District 121
District 122
District 123
District 124
District 125
District 126
District 127
District 128
District 129
District 130
- Districts 131-140 (click to expand)
District 131
District 132
District 133
District 134
District 135
District 136
District 137
District 138
District 139
District 140
- Districts 141-150 (click to expand)
District 141
District 142
District 143
District 144
District 145
District 146
District 147
District 148
District 149
District 150
Incumbents who were not re-elected
Incumbents defeated in general elections
No incumbents lost in general elections. An average of 5.9 incumbents lost in even-year general elections from 2010-2022.
Incumbents defeated in primaries
Sixteen incumbents lost in primaries. This was more than the average of 6.4 incumbent defeats per cycle from 2010 to 2022.
Retiring incumbents
Seventeen incumbents did not file for re-election in 2024.[9] This was higher than the average of 15.7 retirements per election cycle from 2010 to 2022. Those incumbents were:
Primary election competitiveness
This section contains data on state legislative primary election competitiveness in Texas. These totals include data from all regularly-scheduledHouse and Senate elections. For more information about Ballotpedia's competitiveness analysis of state legislative elections, pleaseclick here.
Post-filing deadline analysis
The following analysis covers all state legislative districts up for election in Texas in 2024. Information below was calculated on Feb. 28, 2024, and may differ from information shown in the table above due to candidate replacements and withdrawals after that time.
Fifty-eight Texas state legislative incumbents faced primary challenges, representing 40% of all those running for re-election. This was the highest number and percentage of contested incumbents since 2014.
Of the 58 incumbents in contested primaries, 13 were Democrats and 45 were Republicans.
Texas had 93 contested state legislative primaries in 2024, a 3% decrease from 2022.
Of the 93 contested primaries, there were 33 for Democrats and 60 for Republicans. For Democrats, this was the same as in 2022. For Republicans, the number was down 5% from 63 in 2022.
Overall, 411 major party candidates — 199 Democrats and 212 Republicans — filed to run. All 150 House and 15 of 31 Senate seats were up for election.
Nineteen of those seats were open, meaning no incumbents filed. This guaranteed that at least 12% of seats up for election would be represented by newcomers in 2025.
Open seats
The table below shows the number and percentage of open seats in the Texas House of Representatives from 2010 to 2024.[10]
| Open Seats in Texas House of Representatives elections: 2010 - 2024 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Total seats | Open seats | Seats with incumbents running for re-election |
| 2024 | 150 | 17 (11 percent) | 133 (89 percent) |
| 2022 | 150 | 26 (17 percent) | 122 (83 percent) |
| 2020 | 150 | 10 (7 percent) | 140 (93 percent) |
| 2018 | 150 | 10 (7 percent) | 140 (93 percent) |
| 2016 | 150 | 14 (9 percent) | 136 (91 percent) |
| 2014 | 150 | 12 (8 percent) | 138 (92 percent) |
| 2012 | 150 | 29 (19 percent) | 121 (81 percent) |
| 2010 | 150 | 7 (5 percent) | 143 (95 percent) |
Legislative referrals
- See also:Legislative referral
Alegislative referral, orlegislatively referred ballot measure, is aballot measure that appears on the ballot due to a vote of the state legislature. A legislative referral can be aconstitutional amendment, state statute, or bond issue.
As of the 2024 elections, proposed amendments needed to be approved in a joint resolution of both the Texas State Senate and the Texas House of Representatives. The joint resolution could have originated in either the House or the Senate. The resolution needed to be adopted by a vote of at least two-thirds of the membership of each house of the legislature. That amounted to a minimum of 100 votes in the House of Representatives and 21 votes in the Senate.
At the time of the 2024 election, Republicans held a 19-12 majority in the Senate and a 86-64 majority in the House. Democrats needed to win nine Senate seats and 36 House seats to be able to pass legislative referrals without Republican votes. Republicans needed to win two Senate seats and 14 House seats to have the same ability.
Process to become a candidate
See statutes:Title 9 of the Texas Election Code
A candidate inTexas may run with an officially recognized political party, as an independent, or as a write-in.
For major party candidates
In order to run with a major political party, a candidate must file an application with the county or state party chair and pay a filing fee. A candidate also has the option of filing a petition in lieu of the filing fee. Application and petition forms are available through local party officials or theTexas Secretary of State. The regular filing period for the primary election begins on the 30th day before the date of the regular filing deadline, which is 6 p.m. on the second Monday in December of an odd-numbered year.[11]
A chart detailing the signature and filing requirements for each particular office can be accessedhere.[12]
For minor party candidates
State-qualified minor parties nominate candidates by convention. To be considered for nomination by a convention, a minor party candidate must file an application for nomination no later than 6 p.m. on the second Monday in December of an odd-numbered year, preceding the minor party’s convention. A candidate seeking nomination for a state or district office must file with the state party chair. Candidates for county or precinct offices must file applications with county party chairs. A candidate nominated via convention must either pay a filing fee (equal to the filing fee paid by major party candidates in primary elections) or submit a petition a petition in lieu of paying the filing fee.[13][14]
For independent candidates
A candidate may have his or her name placed on the general election ballot as an independent candidate if he or she is not affiliated with a political party.[15][16][17][18][19]
To run as an independent, a candidate must file a declaration of intent with the county judge (county or precinct offices) or theTexas Secretary of State (district and state offices) during the same filing period as major and minor party candidates.[16][20]
This paperwork must include signatures of voters who have not participated in the primary election or the runoff primary election of a party that has nominated, at either election, a candidate for the office the petitioning candidate seeks.[16][21]
A chart detailing the signature and filing requirements for each particular office can be accessedhere.[16]
For write-in candidates
In order to become a write-in candidate in the general election, the candidate must file a declaration of candidacy with theTexas Secretary of State or the county judge, as appropriate, no later than 5 p.m. of the 78th day before general election day.[22][23]
The declaration must be accompanied by either a filing fee or a nominating petition signed by a certain number of qualified voters. A chart detailing the signature and filing requirements for each particular office can be accessedhere.[22][24]
Qualifications
To be eligible to serve in theTexas House of Representatives, a candidate must be:[25]
- A U.S. citizen
- 21 years old before the general election
- A two-year resident of Texas before the general election
- A district resident for 1 year prior to the general election.
Salaries and per diem
| State legislative salaries, 2025[26] | |
|---|---|
| Salary | Per diem |
| $7,200/year | $221/day |
When sworn in
Texas legislators assume office at the beginning of the legislative session, which starts at noon on the second Tuesday in January in the year after the election.[27][28]
Texas political history
Trifectas
Astate government trifecta is a term that describes single-party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government.
Texas Party Control: 1992-2026
Three years of Democratic trifectas • Twenty-four years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
Presidential politics in Texas
2020
- See also:Presidential election, 2020
Presidential election in Texas, 2020
Candidate/Running mate | % | Popular votes | Electoral votes | ||
| ✔ |   | Donald Trump/Mike Pence (R) | 52.1 | 5,890,347 | 38 |
  | Joe Biden/Kamala D. Harris (D) | 46.5 | 5,259,126 | 0 | |
  | Jo Jorgensen/Spike Cohen (L) | 1.1 | 126,243 | 0 | |
  | Howie Hawkins/Angela Nicole Walker (G) | 0.3 | 33,396 | 0 | |
  | Brian T. Carroll/Amar Patel (Unaffiliated) (Write-in) | 0.0 | 2,785 | 0 | |
  | President Boddie/Eric Stoneham (Unaffiliated) | 0.0 | 2,012 | 0 | |
 | Gloria La Riva/Leonard Peltier (Unaffiliated) (Write-in) | 0.0 | 350 | 0 | |
  | Tom Hoefling/Andy Prior (Unaffiliated) | 0.0 | 337 | 0 | |
| Todd Cella/Tim Cella (Unaffiliated) (Write-in) | 0.0 | 205 | 0 | |
| Kasey Wells/Rachel Wells (Unaffiliated) (Write-in) | 0.0 | 114 | 0 | |
| Robert Morrow/Anne Beckett (Unaffiliated) (Write-in) | 0.0 | 56 | 0 | |
| Jesse Cuellar/Jimmy Monreal (Unaffiliated) (Write-in) | 0.0 | 49 | 0 | |
| Abram Loeb/Jennifer Jairala (Unaffiliated) (Write-in) | 0.0 | 36 | 0 | |
 | Incumbents arebolded and underlined The results have been certified. | Total votes: 11,315,056 |
2016
- See also:Presidential election, 2016
| U.S. presidential election, Texas, 2016 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | Electoral votes | |
| Democratic | Hillary Clinton/Tim Kaine | 43.2% | 3,877,868 | 0 | |
| Republican |  Donald Trump/Mike Pence | 52.2% | 4,685,047 | 38 | |
| Libertarian | Gary Johnson/Bill Weld | 3.2% | 283,492 | 0 | |
| Green | Jill Stein/Ajamu Baraka | 0.8% | 71,558 | 0 | |
| - | Write-in votes | 0.6% | 51,261 | 0 | |
| Total Votes | 8,969,226 | 38 | |||
| Election results via:Texas Secretary of State | |||||
Texas presidential election results (1900-2024)
- 16Democratic wins
- 15Republican wins
| Year | 1900 | 1904 | 1908 | 1912 | 1916 | 1920 | 1924 | 1928 | 1932 | 1936 | 1940 | 1944 | 1948 | 1952 | 1956 | 1960 | 1964 | 1968 | 1972 | 1976 | 1980 | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winning Party | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | D | D | D | R | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
Redistricting following the 2020 census
Texas renewed its state legislative district boundaries in June 2023 for use in 2024 and until the 2030 census. These districts were the same as those enacted by the state in October 2021. Gov.Greg Abbott (R) signedHB 1000 — establishing state House district boundaries — on June 12, 2023, and he allowedSB 375 — establishing state Senate district boundaries — to become law without his signature on June 18, 2023.[29][30]
The Texas Tribune's James Barragan wrote in January 2023 that Senate Legislative Redistricting Committee ChairwomanJoan Huffman (R) said the state was re-doing the redistricting process "to ensure that Legislature had met its constitutional requirement to apportion districts in the first regular session after the publishing of the results of the federal census, which is done every 10 years. Because of the pandemic, census numbers were not released until after the end of the last regularly scheduled legislative session on May 31, 2021. Redistricted maps were passed in a subsequent special session that year."[31] Texas had originally enacted new state legislative districts on October 25, 2021.
See also
External links
Footnotes
- ↑1.01.1The Texas Tribune, "Rep. Dustin Burrows voted Texas House speaker in blow to insurgent GOP movement," January 14, 2025
- ↑FOX 4 News, "Texas House Speaker race shows state of GOP civil war | Texas: The Issue Is," December 15, 2024
- ↑The Texas Tribune, "We ranked Texas House members along the ideological spectrum based on their 2023 votes," December 15, 2023
- ↑The Texas Tribune, "Texas AG Ken Paxton impeached, suspended from duties; will face Senate trial," May 27, 2023
- ↑Houston Public Media, "GOP-led Texas House votes to remove school voucher provision from education bill," November 17, 2023
- ↑Texas House of Representatives, "Friday, November, 17, 2023 — 5th Day (cont'd)," November 17, 2023
- ↑Richard Hayes (R) andTom Oliverson (R) appeared on Cook's list of supporters and were members of the House in 2023 but Hayes did not vote on impeachment and Oliverson was absent.
- ↑Dade Phelan (R) was a member of the House in 2023 but voted 'present' on vouchers.
- ↑Ballotpedia defines an incumbent as retiring if the incumbent did not file for office or filed for office but withdrew, was disqualified, or otherwise left a race in a manner other than losing the primary, primary runoff, or convention. If an incumbent runs as a write-in candidate, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring. If an incumbent runs in the same chamber for a different seat, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring.
- ↑Ballotpedia defines a seat as open if the incumbent did not file to run for re-election or filed but withdrew and did not appear on any ballot for his or her seat. If the incumbent withdrew from or did not participate in the primary but later chose to seek re-election to his or her seat as a third party or independent candidate, the seat would not be counted as open. If the incumbent retired or ran for a different seat in the same chamber, his or her original seat would be counted as open unless another incumbent from the same chamber filed to run for that seat, in which case it would not be counted as open due to the presence of an incumbent.
- ↑Texas Election Code, "Section 172.023," accessed April 23, 2025
- ↑Texas Secretary of State, "Republican or Democratic Party Nominees," accessed April 24, 2025
- ↑Texas Election Code, "Section 181.033," accessed April 24, 2025
- ↑Texas Legislature, "SB 2093," accessed June 8, 2021
- ↑Texas Election Code, "Section 1.005(9)," accessed April 24, 2025
- ↑16.016.116.216.3Texas Elections Division, "Independent Candidates," accessed April 24, 2025
- ↑Texas Election Code, "Section 142.008," accessed April 24, 2025
- ↑Texas Election Code, "Section 162.003," accessed April 24, 2025
- ↑Texas Election Code, "Section 162.007," accessed April 24, 2025
- ↑Texas Election Code, "Section 142.002(b)(2)," accessed April 24, 2025
- ↑Texas Election Code, "Section 142.009," accessed April 24, 2025
- ↑22.022.1Texas Secretary of State, "Procedures for Write-In Candidates in 2024," accessed April 24, 2025
- ↑Texas Election Code, "Section 146.025," accessed April 24, 2025
- ↑Texas Election Code, "Section 146.023-146.0232," accessed April 24, 2025
- ↑Texas Secretary of State, "Qualifications for office," accessed December 18, 2013
- ↑National Conference of State Legislatures, "2025 Legislator Compensation," December 2, 2025
- ↑Texas Government Code, "Title 3., Subtitle A., Sec. 301.001," accessed February 17, 2021
- ↑Texas Constitution, "Article 3. Legislative Department, Section 4," accessed November 4, 2021
- ↑Texas Legislature Online, "Bill: HB 1000," accessed June 21, 2023
- ↑Texas Legislature Online, "Bill: SB 375," accessed June 21, 2023
- ↑The Texas Tribune, "Texas Senate votes to take up redistricting again," January 11, 2023
