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State legislative elections, 2018

From Ballotpedia
2018 State
legislative elections
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2018 elections
2018 special elections
Post-election analysis
State government trifectas
Number of state legislators by party
State legislative supermajorities
Incumbents defeated in state legislative elections
Partisan balance of state legislative chambers
State legislative seats flipped
Races decided by fewer than 100 votes
2018 Elections
Choose a chamber below:

On November 6, 2018, 87 of the nation's 99 state legislative chambers held regularly scheduled elections for 6,073 seats, meaning that nearly 82 percent of all state legislative seats were up for election. Heading into the election, Republicans controlled 4,134 of 7,383 legislative seats and 67 legislative chambers, and Democrats controlled 3,123 seats and 32 legislative chambers.

Six chambers changed partisan control in the 2018 elections. Democrats captured theColorado State Senate,Maine State Senate,Minnesota House of Representatives,New Hampshire House of Representatives,New Hampshire State Senate, andNew York State Senate.

Republicans did not capture any Democratic battleground chambers, but they did enter into a power-sharing agreement in theAlaska House of Representatives, which was previously controlled by Democrats.

Democrats had a net gain of 309 seats in the 86 state legislative chambers that held regularly-scheduled partisan elections.[1]Republicans lost 295 seats in the elections, and minor-party and independent candidates lost 14 seats.Read more below.

In 2018, 322 incumbents, including 49 Democrats and 253 Republicans, were defeated in the general elections.Read more below.

Four full state legislatures saw changes in their supermajority status as a result of the 2018 elections. Democrats attained supermajorities in three full state legislatures—California,Illinois, andOregon.[2] This added to their existing four supermajorities, giving them seven total. Republicans, meanwhile, entered the 2018 elections with 17 full state legislative supermajorities and lost one—North Carolina.Read more below.

Roughly one-eighth of the nation's legislators who were responsible forredistricting following the 2020 census were elected in 2018, including nearly one-third of all state senators as well as the entire state legislatures ofAlabama andMaryland.[3]

Keep reading to learn more about:

In a majority of the chambers up in 2018, primary elections were held to determine the candidates on the November ballot.

Democratic PartyClick here for information onDemocratic primaries.
Republican PartyClick here for information onRepublican primaries.

There were alsospecial state legislative elections held in 2018.Click here for more.

Contents

Flipped chambers in the 2018 elections

This table lists state legislative chambers where party control changed as a result of the November 6, 2018 elections.

Flipped state legislative chambers, 2018 elections
StateChamberPre-election controlPost-election control
AlaskaHouseDemocratsDemocratic PartyPower sharingIndependent_American_Party
ColoradoSenateRepublicansRepublican PartyDemocratsDemocratic Party
MaineSenateRepublicansRepublican PartyDemocratsDemocratic Party
MinnesotaHouseRepublicansRepublican PartyDemocratsDemocratic Party
New HampshireHouseRepublicansRepublican PartyDemocratsDemocratic Party
New HampshireSenateRepublicansRepublican PartyDemocratsDemocratic Party
New YorkSenateRepublicansRepublican PartyDemocratsDemocratic Party

Supermajorities in the 2018 elections

See also:2018 election analysis: State legislative supermajorities andVeto overrides in state legislatures

Four full state legislatures saw changes in their supermajority status—typically when one partycontrols either three-fifths or two-thirds of a chamber—as a result of the 2018 elections. Democrats attained supermajorities in three full state legislatures (both chambers)—California,Illinois, andOregon.[2] This added to their existing four supermajorities, giving them seven total. Republicans, meanwhile, entered the night with 17 full state legislative supermajorities and lost one—North Carolina.

Eleven individual chambers changed supermajority status, including those that contributed to changes in California, Illinois, Oregon, and North Carolina. All of the changes favored Democrats.

Because of these changes, one party has a supermajority in 23 of 50 state legislatures, two more than the 21 supermajorities heading into the night.

Depending on the state, supermajorities can do anything from overriding gubernatorial vetoes to convicting impeached executive or judicial officials to passing constitutional amendments to raising taxes. Most of these special actions are only available if a party has a supermajority in both chambers.

Change in state legislative supermajorities, 2018 elections
SupermajoritiesBeforeAfterNet
Democratic supermajoritiesDemocratic Party47+3
Republican supermajoritiesRepublican Party1716-1
Total2123+2


Change in Democratic supermajority chambers, 2018 elections
ChamberBeforeAfter
California State SenateNo SupermajoritySupermajority
Connecticut State SenateNo SupermajoritySupermajority
Illinois House of RepresentativesNo SupermajoritySupermajority
Nevada State AssemblyNo SupermajoritySupermajority
Oregon House of RepresentativesNo SupermajoritySupermajority[2]
Oregon State SenateNo SupermajoritySupermajority[2]


Change in Republican supermajority chambers, 2018 elections
ChamberBeforeAfter
Michigan State SenateSupermajorityNo Supermajority
North Carolina House of RepresentativesSupermajorityNo Supermajority
North Carolina State SenateSupermajorityNo Supermajority
Pennsylvania State SenateSupermajorityNo Supermajority
Texas State SenateSupermajorityNo Supermajority


2018 election analysis and context

Partisan balance

Heading into the 2018 elections, Republicans held a majority of state legislative chambers. As of November 2017, 67 chambers were under GOP control, while Democrats held majorities in 32 chambers.[4]

The following table details partisan balance in all 99 chambers.

Partisan Control of All 99 State Legislatures
Pre-electionPost-election
Legislative ChamberDemocratic PartyRepublican PartyDemocratic PartyRepublican PartySplitDemocratic PartyRepublican Party
State senates143618 (+4)32 (-4)0
State houses183119 (+1)29 (-2)1
Total:326737 (+5)61 (-6)1

The following table details partisan balance of all 7,383 state legislative seats.

Partisan Balance of All 7,383 State Legislative Seats
Pre-electionPost-election
Legislative ChamberDemocratic PartyRepublican PartyOther[5]Democratic PartyRepublican PartyOther[5]
State senates8091,135288691,07627
State houses2,3142,9861112,5742,78156
Total:3,1234,1211393,4433,85783

State government trifectas

See also:Gubernatorial and legislative party control of state government

Democrats emerged from the 2018 elections with a net gain instate government trifectas—where one political party holds thegovernorship, a majority in thestate senate, and a majority in thestate house in a state's government.Republicans retain a net advantage of eight trifectas over Democrats. The new trifecta count stands at 14 Democratic, 22 Republican, and 14 divided.

Entering the 2018 midterm election, Republicans had a +14 state trifecta lead: of34 states with trifectas, 26 were Republican and eight were Democratic. But after the votes were counted, Democrats increased their trifecta total with a net gain of six, and Republicans declined to 22 trifectas (a net loss of four). States with divided government (i.e., no trifecta for either major party) declined to 14.

This outcome is similar to the trifecta balance following the 2014 midterm election, which left Republicans with 24 trifectas, Democrats with 13, and 13 states with no trifecta advantage for either major party. After the 2010 midterms, 25 states had no trifectas, Republicans had nine, and Democrats had 16.

In two cases where Democrats gained trifectas, and in one case where Republicans lost a trifecta, Democrats won open gubernatorial races that had been vacated by Republican incumbents who could not seek re-election due to term limits.

The total number of trifectas—36—is almost in line with the 37 trifectas in 2013 and 2014, the most trifectas in recent history.

Change in state government trifectas, 2018 elections
Trifecta statusBeforeAfterNet
Democratic trifectasDemocratic Party814+6
Republican trifectasRepublican Party2622-4
Divided government1614-2


The six Democratic flips from divided government to trifecta control in 2018 were in:

In each of the four states where Republicans lost trifectas the balance of power became divided:

Overall, 10 total states saw a trifecta status change in some way.

  • Colorado: divided government to Democratic trifecta
  • Illinois: divided government to Democratic trifecta
  • Kansas: Republican trifecta to divided government
  • Maine: divided government to Democratic trifecta
  • Michigan: Republican trifecta to divided government
  • Nevada: divided government to Democratic trifecta
  • New Hampshire: Republican trifecta to divided government
  • New Mexico: divided government to Democratic trifecta
  • New York: divided government to Democratic trifecta
  • Wisconsin: Republican trifecta to divided government

The maps and charts below show the pre- and post-2018 election state government trifectas and the percentage of the population living under trifecta control.

Percent of the U.S. population living under trifectas as of Election Day 2018
TotalDemocratic trifectasRepublican trifectasDivided governments
Population325,025,206[6]67,128,116156,080,642101,816,448
Proportion (%)100%20.7%48.0%31.3%
Source:U.S. Census Bureau

Percent of the U.S. population living under trifectas following the 2018 elections
TotalDemocratic trifectasRepublican trifectasDivided governments
Population325,025,206[7]111,808,708136,066,93077,149,568
Proportion (%)100%34.4%41.9%23.7%
Source:U.S. Census Bureau


Change in seats

Democrats had a net gain of 308 seats in the87 state legislative chambers that held regularly-scheduled elections onNovember 6, 2018.Republicans lost 294 seats in the elections, and third-party and independent candidates lost 14 seats.

Democrats gained 65 state senate seats. Republicans lost 60 Senate seats, and third-party and independent candidates lost five.

Democrats gained 243 state house seats. Republicans lost 234 state house seats, and third-party and independent candidates lost nine.

The charts below show the total changes in state legislative seats, state senate seats, and state house seats, respectively.

Change in state legislative partisan composition, 2018 elections
TotalBeforeAfterNet
DemocratsDemocratic Party2,8153,123+308
RepublicansRepublican Party3,7573,463-294
Other/3rd partiesGrey.png3824-14
Total6,5616,561--


Change in state senate partisan composition, 2018 elections
TotalBeforeAfterNet
DemocratsDemocratic Party651716+65
RepublicansRepublican Party947887-60
Other/3rd partiesGrey.png83-5
Total1,6061,606--


Change in state house partisan composition, 2018 elections
TotalBeforeAfterNet
DemocratsDemocratic Party2,1642,407+243
RepublicansRepublican Party2,8102,576-234
Other/3rd partiesGrey.png3021-9
Total5,0045,004--

Flipped seats

See also:State legislative seats that changed party control, 2018

The map below contains a state-by-state breakdown of state legislative seats that changed party control in the November 2018 elections. Hover over a state to view how many seats each party flipped.


Battleground chambers

See also:State legislative battleground chambers, 2018

Ballotpedia tracked 22 state legislativebattleground chambers in 2018.

Heading into the 2018 elections, Democrats controlled 10 battleground chambers and Republicans controlled 12 battleground chambers.[8]

Democrats captured six Republican-held battleground chambers in the election—theColorado State Senate,Maine State Senate,Minnesota House of Representatives,New Hampshire House of Representatives,New Hampshire State Senate, andNew York State Senate.

Republicans did not capture any Democratic battleground chambers, but they did enter into a power-sharing agreement in theAlaska House of Representatives, which was previously controlled by Democrats.

Battlegrounds were chambers that we anticipated would be, overall, more competitive than other chambers and have the potential to see significant shifts in party control in the 2018 general elections.

Criteria for identification as a battleground chamber included the majority party's share of seats, the number of competitive races, and more.Read the complete list of criteria here.

These were the 22 battleground chambers in 2018.




The columns in the chart below list the following information:

  • Seats up in 2018: This was the number of seats in the chamber that were up for election in 2018.
  • Margin: This was the difference in seats between the majority and minority parties.
  • Majority share of seats: This was the percentage of the chamber's total seats controlled by the majority party.
  • Last time party control changed?: This was the election where the party in power before the 2018 elections took control of the chamber.
2018 battleground chambers
ChamberSeats up in 2018MarginMajority share of seatsLast time party control changed?Did it flip?
Alaska House of Representatives*All 40D+455 percent2016Power-sharing agreement
Arizona State Senate17 of 30R+456.7 percent2002No
Colorado House of RepresentativesAll 65D+755.4 percent2012No
Colorado State Senate17 of 35R+251.4 percent2014YesDemocratic Party
Connecticut House of RepresentativesAll 151D+953.0 percent1986No
Connecticut State Senate**All 36D+050 percent1996No
Delaware State Senate10 of 21D+152.4 percent1974No
Florida State Senate22 of 40R+655.0 percent1994No
Iowa House of RepresentativesAll 100R+1758.0 percent2010No
Maine House of RepresentativesAll 151D+348.3 percent2012No
Maine State SenateAll 35R+151.4 percent2014YesDemocratic Party
Minnesota House of RepresentativesAll 134R+2157.5 percent2014YesDemocratic Party
Michigan House of RepresentativesAll 110R+1757.3 percent2010No
Michigan State SenateAll 38R+1771.1 percent1982[9]No
Nevada State Senate11 of 21D+247.6 percent2016No
New Hampshire House of RepresentativesAll 400R+4553.0 percent2014YesDemocratic Party
New Hampshire State SenateAll 24R+458.3 percent2010YesDemocratic Party
New Mexico House of RepresentativesAll 70D+754.3 percent2016No
New York State Senate*All 63R+150.8 percent2010YesDemocratic Party
Washington House of RepresentativesAll 98D+251.0 percent1998No
Washington State Senate24 of 49D+151.0 percent2012No
Wisconsin State Senate18 of 33R+354.5 percent2010No

*This chamber were controlled by a minority party coalition because some members of the party with the numerical majority caucus with the minority party.
** This chamber was evenly divided 18-18 following the 2016 elections. Democrats maintained an effective majority because Lieutenant Gov.Nancy Wyman (D) could cast tie-breaking votes.

Outside ratings

Ballotpedia collected ratings and forecasts of the 2018 state legislative elections from the following organizations:

  • National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL)—Authors identified 16 battleground chambers based on a qualitative analysis.
  • Governing—Author rated chambers as "Safe Democratic/Republican," "Likely Democratic/Republican," "Lean Democratic/Republican," or "Toss-up" based on "interviews with dozens of state and national political sources."
  • Daily Kos—Author rated chambers as "Safe Democratic/Republican," "Likely Democratic/Republican," "Lean Democratic/Republican," or "Toss-up" based on a qualitative analysis.
  • Klarner Politics—Author predicted the probability of each party winning a chamber based on a quantitative analysis of past election results and national electoral conditions. Ballotpedia converted the probability scores using this scale: 100%-80%=Safe Democratic/Republican, 79.9%-70%=Likely Democratic/Republican, 69.9-60%=Lean Democratic/Republican, <60%=Toss-up.


Outside ratings and forecasts for state legislative chambers, 2018
ChamberPre-election ControlPost-election ControlNCSLGoverningDaily KosKlarner Politics
Alabama HouseRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Alabama SenateRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Alaska HouseDPower-sharingBattlegroundToss-upLean DemocraticLean Republican
Alaska SenateRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Arizona HouseRRBattlegroundLikely RepublicanLean RepublicanToss-up
Arizona SenateRRBattlegroundLean RepublicanToss-upToss-up
Arkansas HouseRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Arkansas SenateRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
California AssemblyDDSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
California SenateDDSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
Colorado HouseDDSafe DemocraticLikely DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
Colorado SenateRDBattlegroundToss-upLean DemocraticLikely Democratic
Connecticut HouseDDSafe DemocraticLean DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
Connecticut SenateDDBattlegroundToss-upToss-upLikely Democratic
Delaware HouseDDSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
Delaware SenateDDSafe DemocraticLean DemocraticLean DemocraticLikely Democratic
Florida HouseRRSafe RepublicanLikely RepublicanSafe RepublicanLean Republican
Florida SenateRRBattlegroundLean RepublicanLean RepublicanLikely Republican
Georgia HouseRRSafe RepublicanLikely RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Georgia SenateRRSafe RepublicanLikely RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Hawaii HouseDDSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
Hawaii SenateDDSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
Idaho HouseRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Idaho SenateRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Illinois HouseDDSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
Illinois SenateDDSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
Indiana HouseRRSafe RepublicanLikely RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Indiana SenateRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Iowa HouseRRSafe RepublicanLean RepublicanToss-upToss-up
Iowa SenateRRSafe RepublicanLikely RepublicanLikely RepublicanSafe Republican
Kansas HouseRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Kentucky HouseRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanLikely RepublicanLikely Republican
Kentucky SenateRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Maine HouseDDSafe DemocraticLean DemocraticLikely DemocraticSafe Democratic
Maine SenateRDBattlegroundToss-upLikely DemocraticSafe Democratic
Maryland HouseDDSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
Maryland SenateDDSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
Massachusetts HouseDDSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
Massachusetts SenateDDSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
Michigan HouseRRBattlegroundLean RepublicanLean RepublicanLean Democratic
Michigan SenateRRSafe RepublicanLikely RepublicanLikely RepublicanToss-up
Minnesota HouseRDBattlegroundLean RepublicanToss-upToss-up
Missouri HouseRRSafe RepublicanLikely RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Missouri SenateRRSafe RepublicanLikely RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Montana HouseRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Montana SenateRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Nevada AssemblyDDSafe DemocraticLikely DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
Nevada SenateDDBattlegroundLikely DemocraticLikely DemocraticSafe Democratic
New Hampshire HouseRDBattlegroundLean DemocraticLean DemocraticSafe Democratic
New Hampshire SenateRDBattlegroundLean DemocraticLean RepublicanLean Democratic
New Mexico HouseDDSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
New York AssemblyDDSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
New York SenateRDBattlegroundLean DemocraticLikely DemocraticLean Democratic
North Carolina HouseRRSafe RepublicanLikely RepublicanLikely RepublicanLikely Republican
North Carolina SenateRRSafe RepublicanLikely RepublicanSafe RepublicanToss-up
North Dakota HouseRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
North Dakota SenateRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Ohio HouseRRSafe RepublicanLikely RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Ohio SenateRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Oklahoma HouseRRSafe RepublicanLikely RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Oklahoma SenateRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Oregon HouseDDSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
Oregon SenateDDSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
Pennsylvania HouseRRSafe RepublicanLikely RepublicanLikely RepublicanLikely Republican
Pennsylvania SenateRRSafe RepublicanLikely RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Rhode Island HouseDDSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
Rhode Island SenateDDSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
South Carolina HouseRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
South Dakota HouseRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
South Dakota SenateRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Tennessee HouseRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Tennessee SenateRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Texas HouseRRSafe RepublicanLikely RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Texas SenateRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Utah HouseRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Utah SenateRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Vermont HouseDDSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
Vermont SenateDDSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
Washington HouseDDBattlegroundLikely DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
Washington SenateDDBattlegroundLikely DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
West Virginia HouseRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanLean Democratic
West Virginia SenateRRSafe RepublicanLikely RepublicanLikely RepublicanLikely Republican
Wisconsin AssemblyRRSafe RepublicanLikely RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Wisconsin SenateRRBattlegroundToss-upLean RepublicanSafe Republican
Wyoming HouseRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Wyoming SenateRRSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican

Incumbents defeated in 2018

See also:2018 election analysis: Incumbents defeated in state legislative elections

This chart compares state legislative incumbents losses in primary and general elections from 2010 to 2018.

State legislative incumbents losses, 2010-2018
YearPartyPrimary defeatsGeneral election defeatsAll incumbent defeats
2018
Democrats7049119
Republicans77253330
OtherN/A2020
Total147322469
2016
Democrats39126165
Republicans84103187
OtherN/A44
Total123233356
2014
Democrats46226272
Republicans8540125
Total131266397
2012
Democrats7166137
Republicans123224347
OtherN/A44
Total194294488
2010
Democrats56482538
Republicans561470
OtherN/A66
Total112502614



Margins of victory

See also:Margin of victory analysis for the 2018 state legislative elections

On November 6, 2018, 87 of the nation's 99 state legislative chambers heldregularly-scheduled elections for 6,073 seats, meaning that nearly 82% of all state legislative seats were up for election.

Democrats gained control of 309 seats and six chambers, while losing majority control of one chamber.Republicans lost control of 295 seats and six chambers while entering into a power-sharing agreement in one chamber where they had previously been in the minority. Minor-party and independent candidates lost 14 seats.[10]

Across all 6,073 seats up for election, the average margin of victory was25.8%. An electoralmargin of victory (MOV) is the difference between the share of votes cast for the winning candidate and the second-place candidate in an election.

Eighty-eight state legislative races were decided by margins of 0.5% or less in 2018. This figure includes two races—Alaska House of Representatives District 1 andKentucky House of Representatives District 13—which were decided by a single vote. They were among 16 races decided by 10 votes or fewer.

Average MOV for state legislative elections, 2018
ChamberSeats up for electionDemocratic Party Seats won by DemocratsDemocratic Party Seats won by Democrats by margins of 10% or lessDemocratic Party Seats won by unopposed DemocratsDemocratic Party Average margin of victory for DemocratsRepublican Party Seats won by RepublicansRepublican Party Seats won by Republicans by margins of 10% or lessRepublican Party Seats won by unopposed RepublicansRepublican Party Average margin of victory for RepublicansGrey.png Seats won by independent and minor party candidates
Alabama State Senate
35
8
0
6
45.9%
27
2
12
28.9%
0
Alabama House of Representatives
105
28
1
21
41%
77
3
32
36.5%
0
Alaska State Senate
10
4
1
1
15.4%
6
0
2
26.4%
0
Alaska House of Representatives
40
16
6
1
17.8%
23
5
3
25%
1
Arizona State Senate
30
13
0
6
26.5%
17
5
0
17.6%
0
Arizona House of Representatives
31
15
7
3
11.1%
16
9
0
8.7%
0
Arkansas State Senate
18
5
0
3
23.9%
13
0
5
38.4%
0
Arkansas House of Representatives
100
24
1
14
27.1%
76
6
41
30.7%
0
California State Senate
20
14
3
1
30.7%
6
3
0
12.4%
0
California State Assembly
80
60
7
4
37.4%
20
5
0
15.7%
0
Colorado State Senate
17
9
0
0
29.1%
8
2
0
25.5%
0
Colorado House of Representatives
65
41
5
5
27.6%
24
3
0
25.1%
0
Connecticut State Senate
36
23
8
1
25.3%
13
7
0
10.2%
0
Connecticut House of Representatives
151
92
20
13
33.9%
59
22
5
15.8%
0
Delaware State Senate
10
6
1
2
27.6%
4
1
0
19%
0
Delaware House of Representatives
41
26
1
9
36.8%
15
2
4
19.7%
0
Florida State Senate
22
7
2
5
3.6%
15
7
0
18%
0
Florida House of Representatives
120
47
9
29
20.6%
73
18
8
19.3%
0
Georgia State Senate
56
21
2
15
38%
35
3
18
28.2%
0
Georgia House of Representatives
179
75
12
52
16.7%
104
12
58
29.7%
0
Hawaii State Senate
13
12
0
5
42.6%
1
1
0
0.9%
0
Hawaii House of Representatives
51
46
1
31
38.6%
5
1
1
27.8%
0
Idaho State Senate
35
7
0
1
27.8%
28
1
13
34.8%
0
Idaho House of Representatives
70
14
3
2
21.1%
56
2
28
31.7%
0
Illinois State Senate
39
24
4
14
17.1%
15
5
6
14.4%
0
Illinois House of Representatives
118
74
9
42
19.7%
44
10
12
17.2%
0
Indiana State Senate
25
4
1
0
17.1%
21
2
6
23.5%
0
Indiana House of Representatives
100
33
5
21
15.7%
67
6
10
29.9%
0
Iowa State Senate
25
12
3
4
30.4%
13
5
2
15.1%
0
Iowa House of Representatives
100
46
8
18
25%
54
12
5
21.1%
0
Kansas House of Representatives
125
40
7
23
18.6%
85
13
37
24.5%
0
Kentucky State Senate
19
2
0
1
15.5%
17
6
1
19.2%
0
Kentucky House of Representatives
100
39
12
7
22.8%
61
10
8
24.8%
0
Maine State Senate
35
21
3
2
22.7%
14
4
0
17.4%
0
Maine House of Representatives
151
89
19
9
24.5%
57
16
6
17.6%
5
Maryland State Senate
47
32
3
10
49.4%
15
4
1
22.1%
0
Maryland House of Delegates
70
44
9
10
16.3%
26
10
2
16.8%
0
Massachusetts State Senate
40
34
2
23
26.8%
6
2
2
12.2%
0
Massachusetts House of Representatives
160
127
4
92
31.8%
32
7
11
17.1%
1
Michigan State Senate
38
16
3
0
35.1%
22
3
0
17.7%
0
Michigan House of Representatives
110
52
8
0
40.8%
58
7
0
21%
0
Minnesota House of Representatives
134
75
16
2
31.6%
59
8
0
22.7%
0
Missouri State Senate
17
3
0
1
38.9%
14
3
0
32.8%
0
Missouri House of Representatives
163
47
3
22
38.5%
116
7
18
33.1%
0
Montana State Senate
25
11
4
2
14.7%
14
3
2
30.7%
0
Montana House of Representatives
100
42
6
16
22.5%
58
7
10
32.6%
0
Nebraska State Senate
24
3
0
2
46.3%
10
1
3
28.1%
11
Nevada State Senate
11
6
1
1
27.6%
5
1
0
20.6%
0
Nevada State Assembly
42
29
6
10
19.3%
13
2
3
23.6%
0
New Hampshire State Senate
24
14
6
1
17.2%
10
5
0
10.6%
0
New Hampshire House of Representatives
224
146
84
19
10.3%
78
67
4
4.6%
0
New Mexico House of Representatives
70
46
7
23
19.3%
24
7
11
18.9%
0
New York State Senate
63
40
8
10
47%
23
7
6
16.1%
0
New York State Assembly
150
106
5
41
55.2%
43
8
7
22.3%
1
North Carolina State Senate
50
21
5
0
31.6%
29
5
0
23%
0
North Carolina House of Representatives
120
55
15
1
32.4%
65
9
0
25.8%
0
North Dakota State Senate
24
6
3
1
15.7%
18
2
3
29.1%
0
North Dakota House of Representatives
27
7
5
1
5.2%
20
9
3
12.3%
0
Ohio State Senate
17
7
1
0
44.7%
10
4
0
20.3%
0
Ohio House of Representatives
99
38
7
8
31%
61
5
0
28.7%
0
Oklahoma State Senate
24
7
1
3
29.4%
17
1
2
30%
0
Oklahoma House of Representatives
101
25
5
12
12.6%
76
11
16
24.5%
0
Oregon State Senate
17
11
0
3
26.8%
6
3
0
16.4%
0
Oregon House of Representatives
60
38
9
11
28%
22
2
3
26.8%
0
Pennsylvania State Senate
25
12
5
5
17.1%
13
3
0
23.6%
0
Pennsylvania House of Representatives
203
93
11
53
27.9%
110
20
19
24.8%
0
Rhode Island State Senate
38
33
2
16
28%
5
2
1
8.3%
0
Rhode Island House of Representatives
75
66
8
37
25.6%
9
3
2
13.6%
0
South Carolina House of Representatives
124
44
2
26
43.5%
80
3
42
31.2%
0
South Dakota State Senate
35
5
2
2
9.5%
30
3
1
28.3%
0
South Dakota House of Representatives
44
10
7
3
1.9%
34
19
0
11.2%
0
Tennessee State Senate
18
4
0
2
71%
14
1
3
32.2%
0
Tennessee House of Representatives
99
26
2
15
31%
73
3
8
40.2%
0
Texas State Senate
15
5
2
1
22.9%
10
3
0
26.1%
0
Texas House of Representatives
150
67
10
30
35.2%
83
17
17
31.6%
0
Utah State Senate
15
5
0
0
35.8%
10
1
1
39.4%
0
Utah House of Representatives
75
16
1
1
33.2%
59
8
6
38.6%
0
Vermont State Senate
17
11
4
2
14.5%
4
2
2
4.5%
2
Vermont House of Representatives
118
72
22
34
12.8%
35
15
9
9.7%
11
Washington State Senate
25
17
4
0
32.7%
8
2
1
20.2%
0
Washington House of Representatives
98
57
8
13
32.8%
41
11
1
17.7%
0
West Virginia State Senate
17
8
6
0
7.9%
9
2
0
20.7%
0
West Virginia House of Delegates
74
28
17
5
9.1%
46
15
2
18.9%
0
Wisconsin State Senate
17
6
2
2
18.2%
11
4
2
13.8%
0
Wisconsin State Assembly
99
36
1
27
36.6%
63
10
6
19.6%
0
Wyoming State Senate
15
2
0
1
24.7%
13
1
8
29.3%
0
Wyoming House of Representatives
60
9
2
3
15%
50
6
30
26.1%
1
Total
5679
2717
505
974
26.8%
2929
573
591
22.3%
33

Electoral competitiveness

See also:Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report: Vol. 8, 2018

Ballotpedia's 8th Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report analyzes the features of all 6,065 state legislative elections that took place in November 2018. Key findings include:

HIGHLIGHTS
  • 2,046 state legislative elections did not have major party competition; they featured a candidate from just one of the two major political parties.
  • Democratic candidates contested more state legislative elections than in any even-year cycle since 2010; Republicans contested fewer than in any even-year cycle since 2010.
  • 1,194 state legislative incumbents did not seek re-election. A total of 743 were Republicans, 443 were Democrats, and eight were minor party or independent officeholders.
  • Nearly one-fifth of state legislators elected in 2018 were guaranteed to be newcomers.
  • Seats without major party opposition

    Primary competitiveness

    See also:2018 primary election competitiveness in state and federal government

    A contested primary is one in which voters have a choice on the ballot. Most commonly, this means that there is more than one candidate from the same political party in the race. Exceptions to this include states with multi-member state legislative districts and states featuring atop-two primary system, such asCalifornia andWashington.

    The following chart compares the number of open seats, incumbents with primary competition, contested partisan primaries, total seats, and total candidates in 2018 versus 2016 and 2014:

    Incumbents defeated

    Primary elections

    From 2010 to 2016, about 13 percent of state legislative incumbents have been defeated by primary challengers. Another 8 percent of the remaining incumbents were defeated in general elections.


    2016 state legislative results

    Ballotpedia examined the competitiveness of every 2016 state legislative race in the country.Click here for more information »


    Elections by state

    Alabama

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Alabama.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Alabama State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party88
        Republican Party2627
        Independent10
    Total3535
    Alabama House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party3228
        Republican Party7277
        Vacancy10
    Total105105

    Alaska

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Alaska.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Alaska State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party67
        Republican Party1413
    Total2020
    Alaska House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1716
        Republican Party2023
        Independent31
    Total4040

    Arizona

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Arizona.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Arizona State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1313
        Republican Party1717
    Total3030
    Arizona House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party2529
        Republican Party3531
    Total6060

    Arkansas

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Arkansas.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Arkansas State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party99
        Republican Party2526
        Vacancy10
    Total3535
    Arkansas House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party2424
        Republican Party7576
        Vacancy10
    Total100100

    California

    Ballotpedia has an article on California's primary election.Click here for information on the state's top-two primary.

    California State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party2629
        Republican Party1411
    Total4040
    California State Assembly
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party5560
        Republican Party2520
    Total8080

    Colorado

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Colorado.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Colorado State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1619
        Republican Party1816
        Independent10
    Total3535
    Colorado House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party3641
        Republican Party2924
    Total6565

    Connecticut

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Connecticut.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Connecticut State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1823
        Republican Party1813
    Total3636
    Connecticut House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party8092
        Republican Party7159
    Total151151

    Delaware

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Delaware.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Delaware State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1112
        Republican Party109
    Total2121
    Delaware House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party2526
        Republican Party1615
    Total4141

    Florida

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Florida.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Florida State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1617
        Republican Party2223
        Vacancy20
    Total4040
    Florida House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party4147
        Republican Party7573
        Vacancy40
    Total120120

    Georgia

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Georgia.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Georgia State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1921
        Republican Party3735
    Total5656
    Georgia House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party6475
        Republican Party114105
        Vacancy20
    Total180180

    Hawaii

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Hawaii.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Hawaii State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party2524
        Republican Party01
    Total2525
    Hawaii House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party4646
        Republican Party55
    Total5151

    Idaho

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Idaho.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Idaho State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party67
        Republican Party2928
    Total3535
    Idaho House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1114
        Republican Party5956
    Total7070

    Illinois

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Illinois.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Illinois State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party3740
        Republican Party2219
    Total5959
    Illinois House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party6774
        Republican Party5144
    Total118118

    Indiana

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Indiana.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Indiana State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party910
        Republican Party4140
    Total5050
    Indiana House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party3033
        Republican Party7067
    Total100100

    Iowa

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Iowa.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Iowa State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party2018
        Republican Party2932
        Independent10
    Total5050
    Iowa House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party4146
        Republican Party5854
        Vacancy10
    Total100100

    Kansas

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Kansas.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.Kansas did not hold anystate senate elections in 2018.

    Kansas House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party4040
        Republican Party8585
    Total125125

    Kentucky

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Kentucky.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Kentucky State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1110
        Republican Party2728
    Total3838
    Kentucky House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party3739
        Republican Party6261
        Vacancy10
    Total100100

    Louisiana

    Louisiana did not hold anystate legislative elections in 2018.

    Maine

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Maine.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Maine State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1721
        Republican Party1814
    Total3535
    Maine House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party7389
        Republican Party7057
        Independent75
        Vacancy10
    Total151151

    Maryland

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Maryland.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Maryland State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party3332
        Republican Party1415
    Total4747
    Maryland House of Delegates
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party9199
        Republican Party5042
    Total141141

    Massachusetts

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Massachusetts.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Massachusetts State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party3134
        Republican Party76
        Vacancy20
    Total4040
    Massachusetts House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party117127
        Republican Party3432
        Independent21
        Vacancy70
    Total160160

    Michigan

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Michigan.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Michigan State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1016
        Republican Party2722
        Vacancy10
    Total3838
    Michigan House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party4652
        Republican Party6358
        Vacancy10
    Total110110

    Minnesota

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Minnesota.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.Minnesota did not hold any regularly-scheduledstate senate elections in 2018. A special election took place instate senate District 13.

    Minnesota House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party5675
        Republican Party7759
        Vacancy10
    Total134134

    Mississippi

    Mississippi did not hold anystate legislative elections in 2018.

    Missouri

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Missouri.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Missouri State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1010
        Republican Party2324
        Vacancy10
    Total3434
    Missouri House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party4547
        Republican Party109116
        Vacancy90
    Total163163

    Montana

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Montana.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Montana State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1820
        Republican Party3230
    Total5050
    Montana House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party4142
        Republican Party5958
    Total100100

    Nebraska

    Ballotpedia has an article on the primary election in Nebraska.Click here for information on the state's primary.

    Nebraska State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1618
        Republican Party3029
        Libertarian Party11
        Independent11
        Vacancy10
    Total4949

    Nevada

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Nevada.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Nevada State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1013
        Republican Party88
        Independent10
        Vacancy20
    Total2121
    Nevada State Assembly
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party2729
        Republican Party1413
        Vacancy10
    Total4242

    New Hampshire

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in New Hampshire.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    New Hampshire State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1014
        Republican Party1410
    Total2424
    New Hampshire House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party167233
        Republican Party212167
        Independent20
        Vacancy190
    Total400400

    New Jersey

    New Jersey did not hold anystate legislative elections in 2018.

    New Mexico

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in New Mexico.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    New Mexico did not hold anystate senate elections in 2018.

    New Mexico House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party3846
        Republican Party3124
        Vacancy10
    Total7070

    New York

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in New York.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    New York State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party3240
        Republican Party3123
    Total6363
    New York State Assembly
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party104106
        Republican Party4143
        Independent11
        Vacancy40
    Total150150

    North Carolina

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in North Carolina.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    North Carolina State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1521
        Republican Party3529
    Total5050
    North Carolina House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party4555
        Republican Party7565
    Total120120

    North Dakota

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in North Dakota.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    North Dakota State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party910
        Republican Party3837
    Total4747
    North Dakota House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1315
        Republican Party8079
        Vacancy10
    Total9494

    Ohio

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Ohio.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Ohio State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party99
        Republican Party2324
        Vacancy10
    Total3333
    Ohio House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party3238
        Republican Party6661
        Vacancy10
    Total9999

    Oklahoma

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Oklahoma.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Oklahoma State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party89
        Republican Party3839
        Vacancy20
    Total4848
    Oklahoma House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party2725
        Republican Party7276
        Vacancy20
    Total101101

    Oregon

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Oregon.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Oregon State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1718
        Republican Party1312
    Total3030
    Oregon House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party3538
        Republican Party2522
    Total6060

    Pennsylvania

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Pennsylvania.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Pennsylvania State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1621
        Republican Party3329
        Vacancy10
    Total5050
    Pennsylvania House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party7993
        Republican Party120110
        Vacancy40
    Total203203

    Rhode Island

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Rhode Island.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Rhode Island State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party3333
        Republican Party45
        Vacancy10
    Total3838
    Rhode Island House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party6466
        Republican Party119
    Total7575

    South Carolina

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in South Carolina.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.South Carolina did not hold anystate senate elections in 2018.

    South Carolina House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party4444
        Republican Party8080
    Total124124

    South Dakota

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in South Dakota.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    South Dakota State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party65
        Republican Party2930
    Total3535
    South Dakota House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1011
        Republican Party5959
        Vacancy10
    Total7070

    Tennessee

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Tennessee.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Tennessee State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party45
        Republican Party2628
        Vacancy30
    Total3333
    Tennessee House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party2526
        Republican Party6973
        Vacancy50
    Total9999

    Texas

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Texas.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Texas State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1012
        Republican Party2119
    Total3131
    Texas House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party5567
        Republican Party9383
        Vacancy20
    Total150150

    Utah

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Utah.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Utah State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party56
        Republican Party2423
    Total2929
    Utah House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1317
        Republican Party6158
        Vacancy10
    Total7575

    Vermont

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Vermont.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Vermont State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party2122
        Republican Party76
        Independent22
    Total3030
    Vermont House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party8095
        Republican Party5343
        Independent1412
        Vacancy30
    Total150150

    Virginia

    Virginia did not hold anystate legislative elections in 2018.

    Washington

    Ballotpedia has an article on Washington's primary election.Click here for information on the state's top-two primary.

    Washington State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party2629
        Republican Party2320
    Total4949
    Washington House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party5057
        Republican Party4841
    Total9898

    West Virginia

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in West Virginia.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    West Virginia State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1214
        Republican Party2220
    Total3434
    West Virginia House of Delegates
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party3541
        Republican Party6359
        Independent10
        Vacancy10
    Total100100

    Wisconsin

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Wisconsin.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Wisconsin State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1514
        Republican Party1819
    Total3333
    Wisconsin State Assembly
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party3536
        Republican Party6463
    Total9999

    Wyoming

    Ballotpedia has articles on the Democratic and Republican primaries in Wyoming.Click here for information on the Democratic primary, andclick here for information on the Republican primary.

    Wyoming State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party33
        Republican Party2727
    Total3030
    Wyoming House of Representatives
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party99
        Republican Party5150
        Independent01
    Total6060

    Election dates

    The following table details 2018 state legislative filing deadlines and primary dates in each state. The signature-filing deadline was the date by which candidates had to file nominating signatures with election officials in order to have their name placed on the ballot.

    2018 Election Dates
    StateFiling deadlinePrimary election
    AlabamaFebruary 9June 5
    AlaskaJune 1August 21
    ArizonaMay 30August 28
    ArkansasMarch 1May 22
    CaliforniaMarch 9June 5
    ColoradoMarch 20June 26
    ConnecticutJune 12August 14
    DelawareJuly 10September 6
    FloridaJune 22August 28
    GeorgiaMarch 9May 22
    HawaiiJune 5August 11
    IdahoMarch 9May 15
    IllinoisDecember 4 (2017)March 20
    IndianaFebruary 9May 8
    IowaMarch 16June 5
    KansasJune 1August 7
    KentuckyJanuary 30May 22
    MaineMarch 15June 12
    MarylandFebruary 27June 26
    MassachusettsJune 5September 4
    MichiganApril 24August 7
    MinnesotaJune 5August 14
    MissouriMarch 27August 7
    MontanaMarch 12June 5
    NebraskaMarch 1May 15
    NevadaMarch 16June 12
    New HampshireJune 15September 11
    New MexicoMarch 13June 5
    New YorkJuly 12September 13
    North CarolinaFebruary 28May 8
    North DakotaApril 9June 12
    OhioFebruary 7May 8
    OklahomaApril 13June 26
    OregonMarch 6May 15
    PennsylvaniaMarch 6May 15
    Rhode IslandJune 27September 12
    South CarolinaMarch 30June 12
    South DakotaMarch 27June 5
    TennesseeApril 5August 2
    TexasDecember 11 (2017)March 6
    UtahMarch 15June 26
    VermontMay 31August 14
    WashingtonMay 18August 7
    West VirginiaJanuary 27May 8
    WisconsinJune 1August 14
    WyomingJune 1August 21


    Impact of term limits

    See also:Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2018

    Of the 87 state legislative chambers that held elections in 2018, 24 of them—12 senate chambers and 12 house chambers—included incumbents who were unable to run for re-election due toterm limits.[11] In the 24 chambers affected by term limits in 2018, 1,463 seats were up for election.[12] TheNevada Senate,Arkansas House, andArkansas Senate are impacted by term limits, but no incumbents were term-limited in 2018. There are 99 chambers throughout the country.

    In 29 legislative chambers across 15 states, state legislators are subject to term limits. In the United States, there are 1,972 state senate seats and 5,411 state house seats. Of the 1,972 senate seats, 562 seats (29 percent) are subject to term limits. Of the 5,411 house seats, 1,368 seats (25 percent) are subject to term limits.

    The map below displays the 15 states that use term limits for state legislators. All 15 states held elections in 2018 except Louisiana. Louisiana holds elections every four years in odd-numbered years. Click on a state below to see the total number of termed-out state legislators in 2018 as well as a breakdown of the totals for each legislative chamber.

    State legislative special elections

    See also:State legislative special elections, 2018

    Breakdown of 2018 special elections

    In 2018, special elections for state legislative positions were held for the following reasons:

    • 58 due to appointment, election, or the seeking of election to another position
    • 16 due to a retirement
    • 10 due to a resignation related to criminal charges
    • 7 due to a resignation related to allegations of sexual misconduct
    • 5 due to the death of the incumbent
    • 2 due to a resignation to take a private sector job
    • 1 due to an election being rerun

    Impact of special elections on partisan composition

    The partisan breakdown for the special elections was as follows:

    The table below details how many seats changed parties as the result of a special election in 2018. The number on the left reflects how many vacant seats were originally held by each party, while the number on the right shows how many vacant seats each party won in the special elections. In elections between 2011 and 2016, either the Democratic Party or Republican Party saw an average net gain of three seats across the country. In 2017, Democrats had a net gain of 11 seats.

    Note: This table reflects information for elections that were held and not the total number of vacant seats.

    Partisan Change from Special Elections (2018)
    PartyAs of Special ElectionAfter Special Election
        Democratic Party4250
        Republican Party5749
        Independent00
    Total 99 99


    Democrats gained 11 seats in2017 special elections and eight seats in 2018 special elections. The table below details the results of special elections held in 2017 and 2018 cumulatively.

    Partisan Change from Special Elections (2017-2018)
    PartyAs of Special ElectionAfter Special Election
        Democratic Party87106
        Republican Party11091
        Independent00
    Total 197 197

    Flipped seats

    In 2018, 16 seats flipped as a result of state legislative special elections. Twelve seats flipped from Republican control to Democratic control. Four seats flipped from Democratic control to Republican control.

    In New York, a Democratic candidate running on the Republican ticket won election to Assembly District 142 on April 24. The previous incumbent in that district was a Democrat. Due to the winning candidate's party affiliation, Assembly District 142 was not added to the list of flipped seats in 2018.

    Seats flipped from R to D

    Seats flipped from D to R


    State legislative leaders

    The table below provides national statistics on whether state legislative leaders, such as house speakers and senate presidents, filed to run for re-election to their office or filed to run for a different office, such as governor.

    Not all state legislative leaders were up for re-election, and some whose terms ended in 2018 were ineligible to run for re-election due toterm limits in their states.

    State legislative leaders
    OfficeFiled to run
    for re-election?
    Filed to run
    for a different office?
    Total
    House Speakers33235
    Senate Presidents14620
    House Majority Leaders36339
    House Minority Leaders32638
    Senate Majority Leaders22325
    Senate Minority Leaders24428
    Total16124185

    Political context

    The 2018 elections occurred in the aftermath of significant Republican gains in state legislative elections from 2010 to 2016. During those years, Republicans increased their control of state legislative chambers, total state legislative seats, and state governmenttrifectas. Together, these gains gave them an advantage over Democrats heading into the 2018 elections.

    Changes in chamber partisan control, 2010 to 2017

    See also:Partisan composition of state legislatures

    Prior to the 2010 elections, Democrats controlled 61 of the country's 99 state legislative chambers, Republicans controlled 37, and one chamber was split between the parties. In the six years that followed, Republicans made significant gains and took control of many of the chambers that were previously held by Democrats. Following the 2016 elections, Republicans controlled 68 chambers and Democrats controlled 31. After the November 2017 elections, Republicans controlled 67 chambers and Democrats controlled 32.

    From 2010 to 2017, there were 54 instances where a state legislative chamber changed partisan control. Of these 54 changes, 40 involved a chamber changing from Democratic to Republican control and 11 involved a chamber changing from Republican to Democratic control. The other three involved chambers that were split between the two parties (Oregon House in 2010 and 2012; Montana House in 2010).

    Most of the changes came during major elections but some also came through special elections (Louisiana House in 2010; Washington Senate in 2017) and party switching (Louisiana House in 2010; Mississippi Senate in 2011). In some cases, the party that gained control did not have a numerical majority but instead controlled the chamber through abipartisan coalition (i.e., Alaska House in 2016). This table does not account for changes in party control or ties in a chamber that lasted for less than one year and were not the result of a regularly scheduled election. An example of this is the brief period of Democratic control in the Virginia State Senate in 2014.[14]

    From 2010 to 2017, 39 chambers switched control: 28 switched control once, seven switched control twice, and four switched control three times. Eleven of the 15 battleground chambers in 2018 switched control at least once from 2010 to 2017. For the 50 instances where a chamber switched control in a regularly scheduled election, the average majority controlled 55.7 percent of its chamber's seat heading into the election.

    For this chart, a red box indicates that the chamber flipped from Democratic to Republican control, and a blue box indicates that the chamber flipped from Republican to Democratic control.

    Chamber changes in partisan control: 2010-2017
    Party changes in 2010Party changes in 2011Party changes in 2012Party changes in 2014Party changes in 2016Party changes in 2017
    Alabama SenateLouisiana Senate[15][16]Alaska SenateColorado SenateAlaska HouseWashington Senate
    Alabama HouseMississippi Senate[17][18]Arkansas SenateMaine SenateIowa Senate
    Colorado HouseMississippi HouseArkansas HouseMinnesota HouseKentucky House
    Indiana HouseVirginia Senate[19]Colorado HouseNevada SenateMinnesota Senate
    Iowa HouseMaine SenateNevada HouseNevada Senate
    Louisiana House[20][21]Maine HouseNew Hampshire HouseNevada House
    Maine SenateMinnesota SenateNew Mexico HouseNew Mexico House
    Maine HouseMinnesota HouseWest Virginia Senate
    Michigan HouseNew Hampshire HouseWest Virginia House
    Minnesota SenateOregon House[22]
    Minnesota HouseWashington Senate
    Montana House[23]
    New Hampshire Senate
    New Hampshire House
    New York Senate
    North Carolina Senate
    North Carolina House
    Ohio House
    Oregon House[24]
    Pennsylvania House
    Wisconsin Senate
    Wisconsin House
    Total changes: 22Total changes: 4Total changes: 11Total changes: 9Total changes: 7Total changes: 1

    State legislative seats from 2010 to 2016

    See also:Changes in state legislative seats during the Obama presidency

    ThroughoutBarack Obama's (D) tenure as president, from 2009 to 2017, Democrats experiencedlosses in state legislative elections, totaling 968 seats. As of January 2009, Democrats controlled 4,082 of the country's 7,383 legislative seats (55.3 percent). By January 2017, they controlled 3,114 seats (42.2 percent). During the same time, Republicans increased their seats from 3,223 (43.7 percent) to 4,171 (56.5 percent). In 82 of the country's 99 state legislative chambers, Republicans held more seats in January 2017 than they did in January 2009.[25]

    It is normal for a party to lose ground in state legislatures when their party controls the presidency for two terms. Between the time of Franklin Roosevelt (D) andGeorge W. Bush (R), the political party of the president lost, on average, 450 state legislative seats while holding the White House. The losses that the Democratic Party sustained under Obama, however, were exceptional, rivaled only by the terms ofRichard Nixon (R) andDwight Eisenhower (R), when Republicans lost 800 and 843 seats, respectively.

    Trifectas from 2010 to 2017

    See also:State government trifectas

    A state government trifecta occurs when one political party controls the primary levers of power in a state: the governor's office, the state Senate, and the state House. Since 2010, the Republican Party has increased its number of trifectas and the Democratic Party has seen a decline in its trifectas. Prior to the 2010 elections, Democrats had 17 trifectas, Republicans had 10, and 23 states were under divided government. After the 2016 elections, Republicans had 25 trifectas, Democrats had six, and 19 states were under divided government. In August 2017, Republicans picked up another trifecta when West Virginia Gov.Jim Justice changed his partisan affiliation from Democratic to Republican. In the November 2017 elections, Democrats won a special election in the Washington State Senate and gained control of the chamber. TheDemocratic Party also took thegovernorship ofNew Jersey, although incoming governorPhil Murphy (D) was not sworn in until January 2018. This made Washington and New Jersey Democratic trifectas and brought the total number of trifectas to 26 for Republicans and eight for Democrats, with 16 states under divided government.

    This chart shows the number of trifectas each party held heading into elections from 2010 to 2018.

    Trifectas by year: 2010-2018
    ElectionDemocratic trifectasRepublican trifectasStates under divided government
    Pre-2010 elections171023
    Pre-2012 elections112217
    Pre-2014 elections122414
    Pre-2016 elections72320
    Pre-2018 elections[26]82616

    Click on the map below to see the trifecta status of different states following elections from 2010 to 2016.

    Current state government trifectas

    State government trifectas, post-2024 elections

    State government trifectas, pre-2024 elections

    State government trifectas, post-2022 elections

    State government trifectas, pre-2022 elections

    State government trifectas, post-2020 elections

    State government trifectas, pre-2020 elections

    State government trifectas, post-2018 elections

    State government trifectas, pre-2018 elections

    State government trifectas, post-2016 elections

    State government trifectas, pre-2016 elections

    State government trifectas, pre-2014

    State government trifectas, pre-2012

    State government trifectas, pre-2010

    Learn more about Ballotpedia's analyses of trifectas and state governments

    Wave election analysis

    See also:Wave elections (1918-2016)

    The termwave election is frequently used to describe an election cycle in which one party makessignificant electoral gains. How many seats would Republicans have had to lose for the 2018 midterm election to be considered a wave election?

    Ballotpedia examined the results of the 50 election cycles that occurred between 1918 and 2016—spanning from PresidentWoodrow Wilson's (D) second midterm in 1918 toDonald Trump's (R) first presidential election in 2016.We define wave elections as the 20 percent of elections in that period resulting in the greatest seat swings against the president's party.

    Applying this definition tostate legislative elections, we found that Republicans needed to lose494 seats for 2018 to qualify as awave election.

    The chart below shows the number of seats the president's party lost in the 10 state legislative waves from 1918 to 2016.Click here to read the full report.

    State legislative wave elections
    YearPresidentPartyElection typeState legislative seats changeElections analyzed[27]
    1932HooverRPresidential-1,0227,365
    1922HardingRFirst midterm-9076,907
    1966JohnsonDFirst midterm[28]-7827,561
    1938RooseveltDSecond midterm-7697,179
    1958EisenhowerRSecond midterm-7027,627
    2010ObamaDFirst midterm-7027,306
    1974FordRSecond midterm[29]-6957,481
    1920WilsonDPresidential-6546,835
    1930HooverRPresidential-6407,361
    1954EisenhowerRFirst midterm-4947,513

    Footnotes

    1. This figure excludes theNebraska State Senate, which held nonpartisan elections.
    2. 2.02.12.22.3Democrats won a three-fifths supermajority in Oregon, but not a two-thirds majority, which is the margin required to override gubernatorial vetoes. A three-fifths majority is able to raise taxes.
    3. National Council of State Legislatures, "ELECTION DATES FOR LEGISLATORS AND GOVERNORS WHO WILL DO REDISTRICTING," May 25, 2018
    4. Although the Nebraska State Senate elects its members in nonpartisan elections, members of the chamber generally function along party lines when it comes to voting and caucusing. Please seeNebraska State Senate partisan affiliation for more information.
    5. 5.05.1Third party incumbents and vacancies.
    6. Excludes the 693,972 inhabitants of Washington, D.C.
    7. Excludes the 693,972 inhabitants of Washington, D.C.
    8. Two chambers — the Alaska House of Representatives and the New York State Senate — were controlled byminority coalitions, giving effective control of the chamber to the party with a numerical minority.
    9. Detroit News, "Democrats in Michigan seek to flip state House in 2018," July 8, 2018
    10. This figure does not include theNebraska State Senate, which held nonpartisan elections.
    11. TheNevada Senate,Arkansas House, andArkansas Senate were up for election in 2018 and have term limits, but no incumbents were term-limited in 2018.
    12. The Nevada Senate, Arkansas House, and Arkansas Senate are impacted by term limits, but no incumbents were term-limited in 2018. In the three chambers, a total of 129 seats were up for election in 2018. No legislators were unable to run in 2018 in those three chamber because of term limits.
    13. The general election was cancelled afterWayne McMahen (R) was the only candidate to file for election.
    14. The Washington Post, "Virginia Republicans snatched control of the state Senate, ended budget-Medicaid impasse," June 9, 2014
    15. The chamber first changed from Democratic to Republican control in a February 2011 special election. Republicans increased their majority to 24-15 in the 2011 elections.
    16. Fox News, "GOP Candidate Wins Lousiana [sic] Senate Special Election, Shifting Majority," February 20, 2011
    17. The chamber changed partisan control prior to the 2011 elections due to Democrats switching to the Republican Party and special election wins by Republicans. Republicans increased their majority in the 2011 elections to 31-21.
    18. The Washington Post, "Southern Democrats in dire straits; 2011 looms large," January 11, 2011
    19. In the 2011 elections, the chamber changed from a 22-18 Democratic advantage to a 20-20 tie. Republicans effectively controlled the chamber because Lieutenant Gov.Bill Bolling (R) could cast tie-breaking votes.
    20. This chamber did not hold elections in 2010. It switched partisan control in December 2010 when Democrat Noble Ellingtonchanged his party affiliation to Republican. In the regularly-scheduled 2011 elections, Republicans increased their majority to 58-45.
    21. Nola.com, "Louisiana Republicans take first House majority since Reconstruction with latest party switch," December 17, 2010
    22. In this election, the Oregon House changed from a 30-30 tie to a 34-26 Democratic advantage.
    23. This chamber went from a 50-50 tie to a 68-32 Republican advantage in the 2010 elections.
    24. This chamber went from a 36-24 Democratic advantage to a 30-30 tie in the 2010 elections.
    25. Data compiled by Ballotpedia staff
    26. Last updated February 9, 2018.
    27. The number of state legislative seats available for analysis varied, with as many as 7,795 and as few as 6,835.
    28. Lyndon Johnson's (D) first term began in November 1963 after the death of President John F. Kennedy (D), who was first elected in 1960. Before Johnson had his first midterm in 1966, he was re-elected president in 1964.
    29. Gerald Ford's (R) first term began in August 1974 following the resignation of President Richard Nixon (R), who was first elected in 1968 and was re-elected in 1972. Because Ford only served for two full months before facing the electorate, this election is classified as Nixon's second midterm.
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