Standing committee

Astanding committee of astate legislature is a committee that exists on a more-or-less permanent basis, from legislative session to session, that considers and refines legislative bills that fall under the committee's subject matter.

How committees work

The Cycle of a Bill in a Standing Committee

The cycle of a bill through a standing committee is a simple cycle, but does take time. The following steps illustrate the cycle in which a bill goes through.

• First, abill is introduced by a member of astate legislature.
• Typically the next thing that a member of the senate or house leadership does with the bill is to refer it to a committee.
• The members of that committee are then responsible to focus on the details of the bill.
• From there, public hearings are held.
• Decisions about the bill's merits are then conferred and decided upon.

An example of a standing committee.Committee Chairman John Kline restates the need to fix a shattered education system as he calls the meeting to order.^[1]

How legislators are assigned

The rules that govern howstate legislators are assigned to standing committees vary from state-to-state. In general, committee assignments are very much under the control of theSenate Majority Leader (forstate senate committees) or theHouse Majority Leader in the case of state house standing committees.

The fact that appointments to standing committees is significantly under the control of the state legislature's majority caucus is one reason why having majority partisan control of a particular legislative body matters in terms of the legislation that will be considered and approved.

Relative importance

Some standing committees are more important than others in terms of the impact and leverage of the bills that they consider. In most states, the most powerful standing committees are those that deal with finance, appropriations and taxation. However, there are a number of other committees that are common across all 50 states. They include:

• Appropriations/Finance/Ways and Means/Budget- These committees cover budget, appropriations, taxation and general expense related information. Often states will have more than one committee addressing bills in this category.
• Judiciary-The Judiciary committee will often address bills related to court structure as well as issues surrounding judicial selection. Most states only have one judiciary committee.
• Health and Human Services-These committees address bills relating to health care, regulation and social services provided within the state. Occasionally the committees will be split into two, but often they will be combined into one committee.
• Education-These committees address bills related to education and schools. Often they are split into a higher education and primary/secondary education committee. A few states also have separate committees for education policy and education funding.
• Transportation-These committees address bills related to transportation and travel. This can include roads and highways as well as public transportation and mass transit. This is often a single committee.
• Agriculture-Less common than the above committees, Agriculture committees address bills related to the farming industry and are often tied to natural resources.
• Rules committee-These committees establish the rules for the House or Senate for each session of the legislature. It affects the process by which bills are introduced, heard and even voted on. Often the Rules committee is responsible for setting the legislatures calendar, though not always.

Footnotes

Common House standing committees

Common House of Representative Committees#
Click on aa to go to the committees page
State # of Committees Agriculture Transportation Education Rules Judiciary Health and Human Services Appropriations/Ways and Means/Budget Alabama 31 Alaska 10 d Arizona 17 Arkansas 10 d California 30 Colorado 10 d Connecticut* 25 d d Delaware 25 d Florida 9 d d Georgia 36 Hawaii 20 d Idaho 14 Illinois 47 Indiana 21 Iowa 19 Kansas 30 Kentucky 19 Louisiana 16 d Maine 6 d d d d d d Maryland 8 d d d Massachusetts 9 d d d d d Michigan 19 d Minnesota 21 Mississippi 46 Missouri 47 Montana 16 Nevada 10 d d New Hampshire 26 New Jersey 23 d New Mexico 16 New York 37 North Carolina 19 North Dakota 15 d Ohio 17 Oklahoma 19 Oregon 14 Pennsylvania 27 Rhode Island 11 d d South Carolina 11 d d South Dakota 13 Tennessee 14 Texas 36 Utah 15 Vermont 15 Virginia 14 Washington 21 West Virginia 18 Wisconsin 31 Wyoming 12 Totals(Out of 49 states) 995 41 43 46 39 47 46 48 #Multiple checks indicates multiple applicable committees. *Connecticut's legislature employs only join committees and consequentially the same committees will be listed on the House and Senate charts.

Common Senate standing committees