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Slurry is a mixture of water and insoluble matter. A common example of slurry is cement. Slurry can be found in some fracking fluids, which are injected at high pressure into the ground.^[1] Slurries are injected into a well at a high speed to create fractures in a rock duringfracking operations.^[2][3]

Background

Slurry is a fluid used in frac fluid, which is the combination of water, chemicals, andsand (or another type ofproppant) that is injected at high speeds into a well duringhydraulic fracturing (commonly known asfracking) to release thecrude oil ornatural gas trapped under the earth. Frac fluid is also known as fracturing fluid. The high pressure fluid produces a fracture network that allowscrude oil andnatural gas inside dense rocks to flow into a wellbore and be extracted at the surface. On average, frac fluid is composed of between 99.5 and 98 percent water mixed with sand and 0.5 percent to 2 percent chemical additives. The composition of this fluid is altered depending on the geology around a well to increase the amount of oil and gas extracted from the well. The water is partly used to transport the chemicals and sand—the latter two of which are chosen to ease the production of oil or gas—from the wellhead to the bottom of the well to increase the well's production of oil and gas.^{[4][5][6][7][8]}

Regulation

Frac fluid is regulated at the federal level under theClean Water Act, theSafe Drinking Water Act, theComprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, and the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act under the direction of theEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA). The Clean Water Act prohibits frac fluid from being directly discharged into bodies of water, such as rivers. The Safe Drinking Water Act authorizes the EPA to regulate the injection of frac fluids in underground injection and disposal wells and allows state governments to regulate fracking operations. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act requires spills of frac fluid to be reported and sets clean-up requirements for spills. The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act includes reporting requirements for frac fluid use.^[7][9]

See also

• Fracking
• Frac fluid
• Glossary of energy terms

Footnotes

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