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Sex and gender issues ballot measures

From Ballotpedia

Voters have decided onsex and gender issues ballot measures across the U.S. As a state ballot measure topic, sex and gender issues include measures related to legal definitions, rights, and protections based on a person’s sex or gender. The topic is grouped within thesocial issue policy area.

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Upcoming ballot measures

See also:2026 ballot measures and2027 ballot measures

The following is a list of state ballot measures related to this topic that are certified or potential for this year and future elections:

2026

  1. Arizona Require Schools Grant Access to Athletic Private Spaces Based on Sex Measure (2026) - Potential
  2. Colorado Prohibit Surgeries to Alter Biological Sex Characteristics of Minors Measure (2026) - Potential
  3. Colorado Require Separate Teams Based on Biological Sex or Co-Ed Teams for School Sports Measure (2026) - Potential
  4. Maine Birth Certificate Sex Requirement for Public School Sports Initiative (2026) - Potential
  5. Missouri Amendment 3, Prohibit Abortion and Gender Transition Procedures for Minors Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
  6. Ohio Equality of Rights Under the Law Amendment (2026) - Potential
  7. Vermont Equal Protection of Law Amendment (2026) - Potential
  8. Virginia Remove Constitutional Same-Sex Marriage Ban Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
  9. Washington Limit Participation in Female Sports to Students Verified as Biologically Female Initiative (2026) - Potential

List of state ballot measures

Click the tabs to view state ballot measures related to this topic, organized by year or state.

Years
States

2026

  1. Arizona Require Schools Grant Access to Athletic Private Spaces Based on Sex Measure (2026) - Potential
  2. Colorado Prohibit Surgeries to Alter Biological Sex Characteristics of Minors Measure (2026) - Potential
  3. Colorado Require Separate Teams Based on Biological Sex or Co-Ed Teams for School Sports Measure (2026) - Potential
  4. Maine Birth Certificate Sex Requirement for Public School Sports Initiative (2026) - Potential
  5. Missouri Amendment 3, Prohibit Abortion and Gender Transition Procedures for Minors Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
  6. Ohio Equality of Rights Under the Law Amendment (2026) - Potential
  7. Vermont Equal Protection of Law Amendment (2026) - Potential
  8. Virginia Remove Constitutional Same-Sex Marriage Ban Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
  9. Washington Limit Participation in Female Sports to Students Verified as Biologically Female Initiative (2026) - Potential

2024

  1. New York Proposal 1, Equal Protection of Law Amendment (2024)Approved

2022

  1. Nevada Question 1, Equality of Rights Amendment (2022)Approved

2014

  1. Illinois Right to Vote Amendment (2014)Approved
  2. Oregon Measure 89, Equal Rights for Women Amendment (2014)Approved

2006

  1. North Dakota State Militia, Constitutional Measure 1 (2006)Approved

1998

  1. Florida Amendment 9, Revision to Declaration of Rights Amendment (1998)Approved
  2. Iowa Amendment 1, Equal Rights for Men and Women Measure (1998)Approved
  3. Utah Proposition 2, Repeal of Constitutional Provision on Married Women's Property Rights Amendment (1998)Approved

1994

  1. Oregon Measure 7, Equal Protection of Law Initiative (1994)Defeated

1992

  1. Iowa Amendment 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Gender Measure (1992)Defeated

1988

  1. Arizona Proposition 103, Eligibility for State Office Amendment (1988)Approved

1986

  1. Vermont Proposal 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1986)Defeated

1984

  1. Maine Question 6, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1984)Defeated

1980

  1. Iowa Amendment 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Gender Measure (1980)Defeated
  2. Utah Proposition 3, Permit Women to Work in Mines and Allow Creation of Work Release Programs for Inmates Amendment (1980)Approved

1978

  1. Florida Amendment 2, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1978)Defeated
  2. Hawaii Discrimination and Hawaiian Studies, Amendment 20 (1978)Approved
  3. Nevada Question 1, Eligibility for Public Office Amendment (1978)Approved
  4. Nevada Question 5, Ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment Advisory Question (1978)Defeated
  5. Wyoming Restriction on Women Working in Mines, Amendment 1 (1978)

1977

  1. Washington Referendum 40, Establishment of State Women's Commission Measure (1977)Defeated

1976

  1. Colorado Amendment 6, Removal of the Gender Equality Provisions Initiative (1976)Defeated
  2. Massachusetts Question 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex, Race, or Creed Amendment (1976)Approved
  3. Oklahoma State Question 517, Repeal Women's Right to Vote in School District Elections Amendment (1976)Approved
  4. South Dakota Amendment B, Revise Bill of Rights Measure (1976)Defeated

1975

  1. New Jersey Public Question 2, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1975)Defeated
  2. New York Amendment 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1975)Defeated

1974

  1. California Proposition 7, Revisions to State Constitution’s Declaration of Rights Amendment (1974)Approved
  2. Connecticut Question 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1974)Approved
  3. New Hampshire Question 2, Equal Rights Regardless of Race, Sex, or Creed Amendment (1974)Approved

1973

  1. Wisconsin Question 2, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (April 1973)Defeated

1972

  1. Alaska Ballot Measure 2, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (August 1972)Approved
  2. Colorado Amendment 3, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1972)Approved
  3. Hawaii Amendment 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1972)Approved
  4. Louisiana Women Jurors Amendment (1972)Defeated
  5. Maryland Question 3, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1972)Approved
  6. New Mexico Constitutional Amendment 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1972)Approved
  7. Texas Proposition 7, Equal Rights Regardless of Race, Sex, or Creed Amendment (1972)Approved
  8. Washington HJR 61, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1972)Approved

1971

  1. Pennsylvania Question 2, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (May 1971)Approved

1970

  1. Virginia Question 1, Constitutional Revision Amendment (1970)Approved

1964

  1. New Mexico Proposed Amendment, Absentee Voting, Removal of Voting Restrictions for Women and Indians (1964)Approved

1958

  1. New Hampshire Remove Provision Disqualifying Women From Voting for State Offices, Question 1 (1958)Approved

1956

  1. West Virginia Jury Service for Women Amendment, Amendment 1 (1956)Approved

1954

  1. Texas Proposition 6, Women Jurors Amendment (1954)Approved

1953

  1. Ohio Women's Eligibility for Office Provision Removal Amendment (1953)Approved

1948

  1. Massachusetts Question 4, Allow Physicians to Provide Contraceptives to Married Women for Health Reasons Initiative (1948)Defeated

1944

  1. Colorado Amendment 1, Allow Women to Serve on Juries Amendment (1944)Approved

1942

  1. Massachusetts Question 1, Contraception Ban Exemptions Initiative (1942)Defeated
  2. Vermont Jury Service for Women Act (1942)Approved

1936

  1. California Proposition 21, Institutions for Women with Felony Convictions Amendment (1936)Approved
  2. Colorado Measure 1, Women on Juries Amendment (1936)Defeated

1935

  1. Oklahoma State Question 211, Women Eligibility for Office Amendment (September 1935)Defeated

1934

  1. Wisconsin Question 1, Women's Suffrage Amendment (1934)Approved

1924

  1. Massachusetts Question 1, Removal of Word 'Male' from Voter Qualifications Amendment (1924)Approved
  2. Massachusetts Question 2, Allow Women to Hold Public Office Amendment (1924)Approved
  3. Vermont Suffrage for Women Amendment (1924)Approved

1923

  1. Maine 48-Hour Work Week for Women and Minors Initiative (October 1923)Defeated

1922

  1. Maryland Equal Legal Rights for Women, Amendment 5 (1922)Approved
  2. Missouri Amendment 2, Remove Gendered Language from Suffrage Provision Measure (1922)Approved

1921

  1. Missouri Amendment 1, Women Qualified to Hold Office Measure (August 1921)Approved
  2. New Hampshire Right to Vote Amendment (1921)Defeated
  3. Oregon Measure Nos. 308-309, Female Jurors Measure (June 1921)Approved

1920

  1. Arkansas Amendment 8, Women's Suffrage Measure (1920)Approved
  2. Maine Women's Suffrage for Presidential Elections Referendum (September 1920)Approved
  3. Mississippi Women's Suffrage Amendment (1920)Defeated
  4. Nebraska Amendment 18, Women's Suffrage Measure (September 1920)Approved
  5. Nebraska Amendment 37, Employment of Women and Children Amendment (September 1920)Approved
  6. North Dakota Elective Franchise Referendum (1920)Approved

1919

  1. Texas Proposition 2, Women's Suffrage Amendment (May 1919)Defeated

1918

  1. Louisiana Women's Suffrage Amendment (1918)Defeated
  2. Massachusetts Question 10, Women Allowed to Serve as Notaries Public Amendment (1918)Approved
  3. Michigan Women's Suffrage Amendment (1918)Approved
  4. Oklahoma State Question 97, Women's Suffrage Amendment (1918)Approved
  5. South Dakota Women's Suffrage Amendment (1918)Approved

1917

  1. Maine Question 1 Women's Suffrage Amendment (September 1917)Defeated
  2. New York Amendment 1, Women's Suffrage Measure (1917)Approved
  3. Ohio Women's Suffrage in Presidential Elections Referendum (1917)Defeated

1916

  1. Iowa Amendment 1, Women's Suffrage Measure (June 1916)Defeated
  2. Maine Question 1, Employment of Women and Minors Referendum (September 1916)Approved
  3. South Dakota Women's Suffrage Amendment (1916)Defeated
  4. West Virginia Women's Suffrage Amendment (1916)Defeated

1915

  1. Massachusetts Women's Suffrage Amendment (October 1915)Defeated
  2. New Jersey Women's Suffrage Amendment (October 1915)Defeated
  3. New York Amendment 1, Women's Suffrage Amendment (1915)Defeated
  4. Pennsylvania Women's Suffrage Amendment (1915)Defeated

1914

  1. Colorado Measure 3, Three-Fourths Jury Verdict and Women Jurors Initiative (1914)Defeated
  2. Colorado Measure 5, Codification of Laws Related to Women and Children Initiative (1914)Defeated
  3. Missouri Amendment 13, Women's Suffrage Initiative (1914)Defeated
  4. Montana Amendment 1, Women's Suffrage Measure (1914)Approved
  5. Nebraska Amendment 4, Women's Suffrage Initiative (1914)Defeated
  6. Nevada Women's Suffrage Amendment (1914)Approved
  7. North Dakota Women's Suffrage Amendment (1914)Defeated
  8. Ohio Women's Suffrage Amendment (1914)Defeated
  9. Oregon Measure Nos. 322-323, Eight-Hour Workday and Room Ventilation for Female Workers Initiative (1914)Defeated
  10. South Dakota Women's Suffrage Amendment (1914)Defeated

1913

  1. Massachusetts Allow Women to Serve as Notary Publics Amendment (1913)Defeated
  2. Michigan Women's Suffrage Amendment (April 1913)Defeated
  3. Ohio Eligibility of Women for Appointment to Commissions Amendment (1913)Approved

1912

  1. Arizona Measure Nos. 300-301, Women's Suffrage and Right to Hold Office Amendment (1912)Approved
  2. Colorado Measure 3, Eight Hour Workday for Women Initiative (1912)Approved
  3. Kansas Women's Suffrage Amendment (1912)Approved
  4. Michigan Women's Suffrage Amendment (1912)Defeated
  5. Nevada State Question 5, Female Eligibility for Education and Notary Offices (1912)Approved
  6. Ohio Holding of Office by Women Amendment (September 1912)Defeated
  7. Ohio Women's Suffrage Amendment (September 1912)Defeated
  8. Oregon Measure 1, Women's Suffrage Amendment (1912)Approved
  9. Wisconsin Question 4, Women's Suffrage Measure (1912)Defeated

1911

  1. California Proposition 4, Women's Suffrage Amendment (October 1911)Approved

1910

  1. Oklahoma State Question 8, Women's Suffrage Amendment (1910)Defeated
  2. Oregon Measure 1, Suffrage for Women Taxpayers (1910)Defeated
  3. South Dakota Women's Suffrage Amendment (1910)Defeated
  4. Washington Women's Suffrage Amendment (1910)Approved

1908

  1. Oregon Measure 9, Women's Suffrage Amendment (June 1908)Defeated

1906

  1. Oregon Measure Nos. 302-303, Women's Suffrage Amendment (June 1906)Defeated

1903

  1. New Hampshire Question 7, Women's Suffrage Amendment (March 1903)Defeated

1900

  1. Oregon Measure Nos. 162-163, Women's Suffrage Amendment (June 1900)Defeated

1898

  1. Minnesota Amendment 1, Women's Suffrage for School and Library Boards Amendment (1898)Approved
  2. South Dakota Women's Suffrage Amendment (1898)Defeated
  3. Washington Women's Suffrage Amendment (1898)Defeated

1897

  1. New Jersey Women's Suffrage for School Elections Amendment (September 1897)Defeated

1896

  1. California Amendment 6, Women's Suffrage Amendment (1896)Defeated
  2. California Women's Suffrage, Amendment 6 (1896)Defeated
  3. Idaho Women's Suffrage Amendment (1896)Approved

1895

  1. Massachusetts Women's Suffrage for Local Elections Advisory Question (1895)Defeated

1894

  1. Kansas Women's Suffrage Amendment (1894)Defeated
  2. South Dakota Women's Suffrage in School Affairs Amendment (1894)Defeated

1893

  1. Colorado Women's Suffrage Amendment (1893)Approved

1890

  1. South Dakota Women's Suffrage Amendment (1890)Defeated

1889

  1. Nevada State Question 19, Dueling Disqualification and Women's Eligibility for School Offices Amendment (February 1889)Approved
  2. Washington Women's Suffrage Amendment (October 1889)Defeated

1887

  1. Rhode Island Women's Suffrage Amendment (April 1887)Defeated

1886

  1. Wisconsin Question 1, Women's Suffrage in School Matters Measure (1886)Overturned

1884

  1. Oregon Women's Suffrage Amendment (June 1884)Defeated

1882

  1. Nebraska Amendment 1, Women's Suffrage Measure (1882)Defeated

1877

  1. Colorado Women's Suffrage Amendment (October 1877)Defeated
  2. Minnesota Amendment 4, Women's Suffrage for Local Option Elections Measure (1877)Defeated

1875

  1. Minnesota Amendment 2, Women's Suffrage in School Affairs Measure (1875)Approved

1874

  1. Michigan Women's Suffrage and Ability to Hold Office Amendment (1874)Defeated

1871

  1. Nebraska Women's Suffrage Amendment (September 1871)Defeated

1867

  1. Kansas Women's Suffrage Amendment (1867)Defeated

See also

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