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Regulatory dark matter is a term coined by policy analyst Clyde Wayne Crews Jr. to describe, in his words, "executive branch and federal agency proclamations and issuances such as memoranda,guidance documents, bulletins, circulars, announcements and the like with practical if not always technically legally binding regulatory effect."^[1][2] Crews is critical of what he callsregulatory dark matter because he believes agencies sometimes use these proclamations and issuances to impose practical requirements, set policy- and decision-making priorities, and take other actions that exceed the intent ofCongress or avoid federalrulemaking procedures.^[3][4][5]

As of October 2017, Crews had published two reports on regulatory dark matter with theCompetitive Enterprise Institute (CEI).^[6][3] Other critics ofthe administrative state, including writers forThe American Spectator,National Review, and the CEI, have also employed the term.^[7][8][9]

Background

See also:Guidance (administrative state)

The concept ofregulatory dark matter was developed and named by Clyde Wayne Crews Jr., who as of October 2017 was vice president for policy and director of technology studies at theCompetitive Enterprise Institute, a libertarian think tank.^[2][10] According to Crews' first report on regulatory dark matter, published by the CEI in December 2015, the term is derived from a concept in physics known asdark matter:^[3]

Crews applies the term to, in his words, "executive branch and federal agency proclamations and issuances such as memoranda,guidance documents, bulletins, circulars, announcements and the like with practical if not always technically legally binding regulatory effect."^[1] He refers to these regulatory actions asdark matter because they are exempt from the requirements of theAdministrative Procedure Act (APA), a federal law passed in 1946 establishing uniform procedures for federal agencies to propose and issue regulations, a process known asrulemaking.^[3][12][13]

Crews is critical of what he callsregulatory dark matter because, according to his first report, agencies can use these proclamations and issuances to impose practical requirements, set policy- and decision-making priorities, and take other actions "without Congress actually passing a law or an APA-compliant legislative rule or regulation being issued."^[3][4][5]

See also

• Administrative Procedure Act
• Guidance (administrative state)
• Rulemaking
• Competitive Enterprise Institute

External links

• "Mapping Washington's Lawlessness 2016: A Preliminary Inventory of 'Regulatory Dark Matter,'" by Clyde Wayne Crews Jr.
• "Mapping Washington's Lawlessness: An Inventory of 'Regulatory Dark Matter,' 2017 edition," by Clyde Wayne Crews Jr.
• Search Google News for this topic

Footnotes

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Dresch (2000) "Confronting the Administrative Threat" by Philip Hamburger and Tony Mills (2017) "Constitutionalism after the New Deal" by Cass R. Sunstein (1987) Federalist No. 23 by Alexander Hamilton (1787) "From Administrative State to Constitutional Government" by Joseph Postell (2012) "Interring the Nondelegation Doctrine" by Eric A. Posner and Adrian Vermeule (2002) "Rulemaking as Legislating" by Kathryn Watts (2015) "The Checks & Balances of the Regulatory State" by Paul R. Verkuil (2016) "The Myth of the Nondelegation Doctrine" by Keith E. Whittington and Jason Iuliano (2017) "The Progressive Origins of the Administrative State: Wilson, Goodnow, and Landis" by Ronald J. Pestritto (2007) "The Rise and Rise of the Administrative State" by Gary Lawson (1994) "The Study of Administration" by Woodrow Wilson (1887) "The Threat to Liberty" by Steven F. Hayward (2017) "Why the Modern Administrative State Is Inconsistent with the Rule of Law" by Richard A. Epstein (2008) Agencies Administrative Conference of the United States •United States Civil Service Commission •U.S. Government Accountability Office •U.S. Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs •U.S. Office of Management and Budget