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Missouri 2018 ballot measures

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2018 Missouri
Ballot Measures
2018 U.S. state
ballot measures
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Eight statewide ballot measures were certified to appear on theMissouri ballot in2018.

One ballot measure, a veto referendum, appeared on the ballot for August 7, 2018. Voters rejected the referendum, thus repealing the targeted law.
Seven ballot measures were set to appear on the ballot for November 6, 2018. Four of the ballot measures were approved and three were defeated.
HIGHLIGHTS
  • Voters rejectedProposition A, thus repealing a right-to-work law enacted by the state legislature.
  • Amendment 2, which legalized medical marijuana in Missouri, was approved. Two competing measures—Amendment 3 andProposition C—were defeated.
  • Voters approvedAmendment 1, which made changes to the state's lobbying laws, campaign finance limits for state legislative candidates, and legislative redistricting process.
  • Voters approvedProposition B, which was designed to increase the state's minimum wage to $12 by 2023.
  • On the ballot

    August 7, 2018:

    TypeTitleSubjectDescriptionResult
    VRProposition AUnionsApproval upholds Senate Bill 19, a right to work law; defeat rejects the law.Defeatedd

    November 6, 2018:

    TypeTitleSubjectDescriptionResult
    CICAAmendment 1ElectionsAddresses lobbying, campaign finance, and redistricting procedures
    Approveda
    CICAAmendment 2MarijuanaLegalizes marijuana for medical purposes
    Approveda
    CICAAmendment 3MarijuanaLegalizes marijuana for medical purposes
    Defeatedd
    LRCAAmendment 4GamblingChanges requirement to manage bingo games and advertising at bingo games
    Approveda
    CISSProposition BMinimum WageIncreases the minimum wage to $12
    Approveda
    CISSProposition CMarijuanaLegalizes marijuana for medical purposes
    Defeatedd
    LRSSProposition DTaxesIncreases gas tax, provides tax exemption for Olympic prizes, and creates fund for projects to improve roads and alleviate bottleneck traffic
    Defeatedd


    Summary of campaign contributions

    See also:Ballot measure campaign finance, 2018

    The following chart illustrates how much support and opposition committees had amassed in campaign contributions for each measure on the ballot:

    Note: In some cases committees were registered to support or oppose multiple propositions. Ballotpedia lists the total sum that all committees registered to support or oppose each proposition have received in contributions. This means that the sum of all contributions in the chart below is higher than the total amount contributed.


    November 6:

    Ballot Measure:Support contributions:Opposition contributions:Outcome:
    Missouri Proposition B$$Approveda
    Missouri Amendment 2$$Approveda
    Missouri Amendment 4$$Approveda
    Missouri Amendment 3$$Defeatedd
    Missouri Proposition D$$Defeatedd
    Missouri Proposition C$$Defeatedd
    Missouri Amendment 1$$Approveda


    August 7:

    Ballot Measure:Support contributions:Opposition contributions:Outcome:
    Missouri Proposition A (August)$$Defeatedd

    Cost per required signature

    See also:Ballot measure signature costs, 2018

    The cost-per-required signature (CPRS) is a comparison of the amount of money spent on the petition drive to the number of signatures the state requires for an initiative to make the ballot. The following chart illustrates the CPRS for ballot initiatives:

    Ballot Measure:Topic:Petition companyCostSignaturesCPRS
    Missouri Proposition BMinimum wageFieldWorks, LLC$686,714.90100,126$6.86
    Missouri Amendment 2MarijuanaFieldWorks, LLC$530,296.96160,199$3.31
    Missouri Amendment 3MarijuanaNational Ballot Access$1,266,514.04160,199$7.91
    Missouri Proposition CMarijuanaNational Petition Management$1,057,185.00100,126$10.56
    Missouri Proposition A (August)Labor and unionsFieldWorks, LLC$776,494.17100,126$7.76
    Missouri Amendment 1Elections and campaignsFieldWorks, LLC$1,082,515.83160,199$6.76
    Averages:N/AN/A$899,953.48N/A$7.19

    Three marijuana measures on the 2018 ballot

    In November 2018, voters had three medical marijuana initiatives on their ballots—Amendment 2,Amendment 3, andProposition C. Voters were permitted to vote "yes" or "no" on each of the ballot measures.

    As Amendment 2 was approved and Amendment 3 and Proposition C were defeated, a conflicting measures scenario did not occur.

    If two conflicting constitutional amendments, such as Amendment 2 and Amendment 3, were approved, the one receiving the most affirmative votes prevails.[1] State law did not provide a protocol for when voters approve statutes, such as Proposition C, and amendments, such as Amendment 2 and Amendment 3, that are in conflict. Speaking to a similar issue regarding tobacco tax initiatives in 2016, theattorney general's office said the issue would need to be decided in court.[2]

    To learn more about how these three ballot initiatives compares, see the following subsections of the page:

    • Statements: Campaigns answered the question, "Why is your ballot measure the best option for medical marijuana legalization?"
    • Comparison: Comparison of the ballot initiatives' provisions.

    Statements from the campaigns

    Ballotpedia asked the campaigns behind Amendment 2, Amendment 3, and Proposition C the following question: "There are three medical marijuana initiatives on the ballot in November. Why do you think that your ballot measure is the best option for medical marijuana legalization on the ballot in 2018?" Ballotpedia received the following responses from each campaign.

    Click on the arrows (▼) below for statements from the campaigns behind the medical marijuana ballot initiatives in Missouri.

    Missouri Amendment 2: New Approach Missouri is leading the campaign in support of Amendment 2.

    Amendment 2 provides for a safe, responsible and veteran-centered way forward to make Missouri the 31st state to allow medical marijuana. It puts healthcare decisions back into the hands of doctors and their patients, and, of the three ballot options, is the only one backed by a true coalition of patients, veterans and doctors. As a constitutional amendment, it becomes a permanent part of Missouri law, providing certainty to Missouri patients.

    Amendment 2 is a stark contrast to Amendment 3, the other medical marijuana constitutional amendment on the ballot. Amendment 3 is funded and supported by a coalition of one, a wealthy backer and the petition’s author, personal-injury attorney, Brad Bradshaw. Brad Bradshaw unsuccessfully sued the other two initiatives to try and get them thrown off the ballot.

    Amendment 2 requires the Missouri Department of Health to act swiftly and enable implementation by drafting rules and regulations to administer the law. Under Amendment 3 Brad Bradshaw writes himself into the Missouri Constitution as the chairman of a new quasi-state agency and research institute and grants him the authority to appoint its board members. This institute would not only direct how taxpayer money is spent but also write and implement the rules and regulations on licensing and dispensing. No other state has adopted this type of new, unaccountable bureaucracy as their regulatory framework.

    Amendment 2 levies a reasonable tax rate of 4% on medical marijuana sales and the revenue generated funds veterans’ services in the state. This funding mechanism is supported by patients, veterans and the healthcare community. Amendment 3 has an exploitive 15% sales tax, the highest medical marijuana tax in the nation, directed to the new research institute. It’s simply wrong to put a tax that high on medicine at the expense of patients with cancer and other debilitating illnesses.

    New Approach Missouri is a coalition of medical professionals, patients, former public safety officials, and advocates working to pass Amendment 2 because we believe it is the best way forward to legalize medical marijuana for patients with serious and debilitating illnesses.[3]

    Missouri Amendment 3: Find The Cures is leading the campaign in support of Amendment 3.

    Access for Legitimate Patients

    Long list of qualifying conditions, which may be expanded by the Research Board when reliable scientific data shows additional conditions will benefit from MMJ treatment.

    MMJ is a medicine.

    As a real medicine, Amendment 3 requires MMJ to be sold in dispensaries with pharmacist consultations available.

    Amendment 3 is for Missourians Only

    For an individual to grow or sell MMJ they must be a Missouri resident. Entities must by 70% or more owned by Missouri residents.

    Everyone in MO can participate.

    With over three times the licenses of the other proposals combined, Amendment 3 has far and away the most licenses to cultivate. 3 also encourages co-ops for farmers, and LLCs-joint ventures for businesses.

    Monopolies are prohibited.

    No person or entity can own more than 1% of the licenses to cultivate. Everyone gets a chance to be involved.

    World Class Cancer Research Center

    $66 million annually for Cancer and Disease Research. Each direct dollar will generate up to 4 additional matching dollars annually, bringing the annual total to upwards of $330 million to cure cancer and other diseases. Missouri will become a world leader in medical research. An estimated 10,000+ new high paying jobs will be created. State ballot language, and Tripp Umbach economic impact analysis.

    Research Center Location, Satellite Centers

    After the board recommends five optimum locations, Missouri voters will decide where the main research center will be located. Missouri Universities will have affiliated satellite research centers.

    Economic Impact for Missouri – Proven Track Record

    Mayo Clinic generates over $9.6 billion annually for Minnesota, that’s more than all MN hotel and lodging, motor vehicle manufacturing and professional sports combined.

    Scripps Research in Florida, 9 years old, is estimated to soon reach $1.5 billion annually. Scripps had almost 3/4 of a billon in reserves last year, and recently Scripps was awarded over 600 Million additional dollars by the NIH.

    Income Tax Refund

    Income tax refund check to you annually! 50% of the money generated from the research institute must be given back to Missouri residents in the form of an annual income tax refund.

    Law Enforcement

    Amendment 3 provides almost $2 million in annual funding for local law enforcement. Amendment 3 also requires MMJ to be cultivated in locked secure and safe environments, and only with a proper license to cultivate.

    Missouri Schools and Education

    Cancer and disease research will generate millions of dollars annually for Missouri’s schools and Missouri students, plus additional millions of dollars specifically set aside for Missouri Universities.

    Problems with Amendment 2

    Amendment 2 allows home grow, up to 24 plants per household, selling it in neighborhoods. Polling confirms Missouri does not want home grow, and it is a loser on the ballot.

    Amendment 2 allows violent convicted felons to grow transport and sell marijuana in Missouri. Need more be said.

    Amendment 2 is recreational. 2 allows MMJ to be sold for any medical condition. It also allows “doc in the boxes” where a doctor can sit in a room all day write recommendations for marijuana. 2 is silent on limits.[3]

    Missouri Proposition C: Missourians for Patient Care is leading the campaign in support of Proposition C.

    Missourians for Patient Care (MPC) was formed in 2017 by a group of passionate Missouri leaders with a mission to bring medical cannabis to Missouri patients in November 2018. Operated in the shortest time frame, MPC collected signatures from voters in January 2018 and submitted the constitutionally-required number of signatures to the Secretary of State on May 6, 2018. Proposition C has taken best practices from other effective ballot measures across the country and applied them to this statutory initiative.

    The sole purpose for Proposition C is to allow Missouri patients quick and efficient access to cannabis by physician certification only. Missouri patients must have a certain qualifying medical condition to access medical cannabis under Proposition C. The newly-created industry in Missouri would be regulated by a state agency that has an 80-year history regulating liquor business: The Division of Alcohol and Tobacco. The Department of Health and Senior Services would also be tasked with confidentially overseeing application and distribution of patient and caregiver identification cards.

    Proposition C imposes the lowest tax rate of all three initiatives at 2%. This low retail tax rate lowers the burden of cost on patients accessing medical cannabis. It is the only measure that funds all drug treatment facilities in the state, regardless of drug addiction. Funds would also support veterans’ services, public safety, and early childhood education and development.

    Proposition C is the only measure that requires local community approval prior to any licensing. The governing body of the municipality must adopt an ordinance, or the governing body of the county must adopt a resolution containing specific standards for license issuance. This requirement provides local control for communities to have a say in how medical cannabis can be accessed by their constituencies.

    Unlike Amendment 3, Proposition C is not looking to threaten private property owners by abusing eminent domain laws or egregiously tax patients at 15% to create a fabricated ‘research institute’ paying them six-figure salaries to hope and find cures for terminal illnesses. Patients with chronic pain deserve serious and effective treatments. Prop C and its supporters stand ready to help deliver medical cannabis treatment options for patients in Missouri as an alternative to heavily-prescribed opioids.[3]


    Comparison of 2018 ballot initiatives

    The following table compares the different provisions of the medical marijuana ballot measures and additional information:

    IssueAmendment 2Amendment 3Proposition C
    SponsorNew Approach MissouriFind the CuresMissourians for Patient Care
    Type of lawConstitutionalConstitutionalStatute
    Amending or repealing by legislaturelegislature needs to pass changes by simple majority and refer to the ballot for a public votelegislature needs to pass changes by simple majority and refer to the ballot for a public votelegislature needs to pass changes by simple majority and changes need governor's signature
    Comparison of patients and patient use provisions
    Number of qualifying conditions9 plus others with doctor's approval10 plus others designed by the research board9 plus others with doctor's approval
    Purchase amountdepartment to set a limit of not less than 4 ounces of dried marijuana or equivalent in 30-day period (more permitted with written certification from two independent physicians)department to set limit of not less than 3 ounces of dried marijuana or equivalent in 30-day period (more permitted with written certification from two independent physicians)2.5 ounces of cannabis flower or equivalent in 14-day period (more permitted with written certification from a physician)
    Possession amountdepartment to set a limit of not less than a 60-day supply of dried marijuana or equivalent (more permitted with written certification from two independent physicians)not specified in the amendment's textno more than a 60-day supply of cannabis flower or equivalent
    Home grow6 flowering plantsnot specified in the amendment's texthome cultivation prohibited
    Comparison of sales taxes and tax revenue
    Sales tax4 percent15 percent2 percent
    Tax revenue distributionhealthcare services, job training, housing assistance, and other services for veteransBiomedical Research and Drug Development Institute tasked with developing cures for cancer and other diseasesveterans' services, drug treatment, education, and law enforcement
    Estimated annual government revenue$24 million$66 million$10 million
    Estimated annual government costs$7 million$500,000$10 million
    Provisions regarding regulation of marijuana
    Regulatory agencyTasks the existing Missouri Department of Health and Senior ServicesCreates a new Board of Biomedical Research and Drug Development InstituteTasks the existing Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services and Division of Alcohol and Tobacco Control
    Local prohibitionslocal bans not allowed, but local governments can regulate the location of facilities and dispensaries and the time and manner of their operationlocal governments can prohibit facilities and dispensaries through a simple majority vote of voterslocal governments can prohibit facilities and dispensaries through a two-thirds vote of voters
    Number of dispensariesnot less than 24 in each congressional district, based on 2018 boundariesnot less than 2 per 20,000 residents in counties and citiesnot less than 1 per 100,000 state residents (plus extras based on demographics and demand to ensure access)


    Getting measures on the ballot

    Citizens ofMissouri mayinitiate legislation as either astate statute or aconstitutional amendment. In Missouri, citizens also have the power to repeal legislation viaveto referendum. TheMissouri General Assembly may also place measures on the ballot aslegislatively referred constitutional amendments orlegislatively referred state statutes with a majority vote.

    In 2018, citizens were required to file at least100,126 valid signatures forinitiated state statutes andveto referendums, and they were required to file at least160,199 valid signatures forinitiated constitutional amendments. These signature requirements are the requirement if petitioners collect signatures in the smallest of the state's congressional districts to satisfy the state's distribution requirement. Collecting signatures in larger districts would result in a slightly larger signature requirement.

    The 2018 statelegislative session ran from January 3, 2018, to May 18, 2018, during which time theMissouri State Legislature was able to place legislative referrals on the ballot.

    Historical facts

    See also:History of Initiative & Referendum in Missouri andList of Missouri ballot measures
    • A total of75 measures appeared on statewide ballots in Missouri from 1996 to 2016.
    • From 1996 to 2016, the number of measures on statewide ballots during even-numbered years ranged from three to 10.
    • Between 1996 and 2016, an average of seven measures appeared on the ballot in Missouri during even-numbered election years.
    • Between 1996 and 2016, about 67 percent (48 of 72) of the total number of measures that appeared on statewide ballots during even-numbered years were approved, and about 33 percent (24 of 72) were defeated.

    Not on the ballot

    See also:Proposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot

    The list below contains measures that were proposed andreached a certain stage in the initiative or referral process, but did not make the ballot.

    TypeTitleSubjectDescriptionResult
    LRCAState Legislative Term Limits, Leadership Term Limits, and Ban on Lobbyist Gifts AmendmentTermsTerms for leadership posts and lobbyist gifts banProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    LRCARight to Work AmendmentUnionsRight-to-work law in state constitutionProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    LRCACount U.S. Citizens for Apportioning State Legislative Districts AmendmentRedistrictingOnly count U.S. citizens for apportioning state legislative districtsProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICAMarijuana Legalization InitiativeMarijuanaLegalize marijuana for medical and recreational purposesProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICANo Requirement to Render Services InitiativeBusinessRight to not render servicesProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICARight to Cannabis for Personal or Medical Use InitiativeMarijuanaLegalize marijuana for medical and recreational purposesProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICA No Constitutional Rights for Artificial Entities InitiativeCorporationRights in the state constitution do not apply to artificial entitiesProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICAFederal Constitutional Convention for National Initiative Process InitiativeFed ConConvention to create a national initiative processProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICAAnti-Discrimination in Employment InitiativeConstitutional RightsBan discrimination in employment based on certain social groupingsProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICARight to Vote Absentee InitiativeSuffrageConstitutional right to vote absentee in person or by mailProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICAConfined Big Game Hunting InitiativeHuntingConfined big game hunting regulationsProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICANonpartisan Candidates and Runoff Elections InitiativeElectionsCandidates for certain offices to run as nonpartisan and runoff electionsProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICACannabis and Cannabis Hemp Legalization InitiativeMarijuanaMarijuana legalizationProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICACannabis Legalization InitiativeMarijuanaMarijuana legalizationProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICARight to Farm Cannabis InitiativeMarijuanaRight to farm to include cannabisProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICARight to Collective Bargaining InitiativeLaborConstitutional right to collective bargainingProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICAVoter Approval of New Sales Tax, Bonds, and Stadium Funding InitiativeDirect DemocracyVoter approval for new sales taxes, bonds, or stadium fundingProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICA Ranked-Choice Voting for State Executives and U.S. Senate InitiativeElectionsRanked-choice system of electing certain officialsProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICA Proportional Representation in State Legislature InitiativeElectionsProportional representation for electing state legislatorsProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICA Local Minimum Wage and Employment Benefits InitiativeLocal Gov'tProhibit local minimum wage or benefits preemptionProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICA Submit Legislative Changes to Initiatives to Voters InitiativeDirect DemocracyLegislative changes to approved ballot initiatives to be submitted to votersProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICAProhibit Toll Roads InitiativeTransportationProhibit public toll roadsProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICAElection Laws, Initiative Circulator Rules, and Electronic Signatures InitiativeDirect DemocracyVoter approval to change election laws and electonic signaturesProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICAPetition at State Career Centers InitiativeDirect DemocracyConstitutional right to petition at state career centersProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICAOne-Year Sales Tax Increase for Technology Parks InitiativeTaxesIncrease sales tax for one year to provide funds for tech parksProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICAAllow Paralegals and Legal Assistants to Take Bar Exam InitiativeBusinessParalegals and legal assistants allowed to take the bar exam and practice lawProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICAConstitutional Right-to-Work InitiativeLaborConstitutional right-to-work provisionProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICARight-to-Work as Freedom of Speech InitiativeLaborConstitutional right-to-work provision to freedom of speechProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICAConstitutional Labor Laws InitiativeLaborConstitutional right-to-work and prevailing wage banProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICAMunicipalities to Cooperate with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement InitiativeImmigrationMunicipalities required to cooperate with ICEProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICAState Law Required to Remove Historic Memorials InitiativeMemorialsRequire a state law for historical memorials to be removedProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICAPartisan Affiliation of Judges, Appellate Judge Terms, and Contributions to Judicial Candidates InitiativeJudiciaryAllow supreme court and court of appeals judges to declare partisan affiliationProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICASales Tax Increase for Law Enforcement InitiativeTaxesIncrease sales tax for law enforcement fundingProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICAPetition at Entrances of State-Funded Operations InitiativeDirect DemocracyConstitutional right to petition at entrances of state-funded operationsProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CICABan Cell Phone Usage while Driving InitiativeTransportationBan the use of cell phones while drivingProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CISSAbortion Ban InitiativeAbortionBan abortion in MissouriProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CISSMedical Aid in Dying InitiativeAssisted DeathLegalize medical aid-in-dyingProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CISSStudent ID as Voter ID InitiativeElectionsStudent IDs to serve as voter IDsProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CISS$15 Minimum Wage InitiativeMinimum Wage$15 minimum wageProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CISS$14 Minimum Wage InitiativeMinimum Wage$14 minimum wageProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CISS$13 Minimum Wage InitiativeMinimum Wage$13 minimum wageProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CISS$11 Minimum Wage InitiativeMinimum Wage$11 minimum wageProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CISSEarned Paid Sick Time InitiativeLaborEarned paid sick timeProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CISSMunicipal Police Force InitiativeLaw EnforcementRules for municipal police forcesProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CISS Health Insurance Cooperative InitiativeHealthcareState health insurance cooperateProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CISS Tax on Capital Gains and Qualified Dividends to Fund Green Jobs Program InitiativePublic WorksTax on capital gains and qualified dividends to fund a green jobs programProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CISS Public Financing for Candidates InitiativeElectionsPublic financing program for campaignsProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CISS National Popular Vote Interstate Agreement InitiativeElectionsJoin the National Popular Vote Interstate AgreementProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CISS Proportional Representation in U.S. House InitiativeElectionsProportional representation for electing members to the U.S. HouseProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CISSMedicaid Expansion InitiativeHealthcareExpand Medicaid underACAProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CISSVoter Registration at DMV at Non-Photo Voter ID InitiativeElectionsProcess of registering to vote at DMV and allow non-photo voter IDsProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CISSCorporate Franchise Tax InitiativeTaxesCorporate franchise taxProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CISSMotor Fuel Tax Increase InitiativeTaxesIncrease the motor fuel tax for highwaysProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CISSDiesel Fuel Tax Increase InitiativeTaxesIncrease the diesel fuel tax for highwaysProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot
    CISSRenewable Energy Standards InitiativeEnergyCertain percetnage of energy from renewable sourcesProposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot

    See also

    Missouri

    External links

    Footnotes

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