Mariannette Miller-Meeks

Republican Party

Candidate, U.S. House Iowa District 1

U.S. House Iowa District 1

Tenure

2023 - Present

Term ends

2027

Years in position

3

Predecessor:Ashley Hinson (R)

Prior offices:

U.S. House Iowa District 2

Years in office: 2021 - 2023

Predecessor:Dave Loebsack (D)

Successor:Ashley Hinson (R)

---

Iowa State Senate District 41

Years in office: 2019 - 2021

Successor:Adrian Dickey (R)

Compensation

Base salary

$174,000

Elections and appointments

Last election

November 5, 2024

Next election

June 2, 2026

Education

Bachelor's

Texas Christian University, 1976

M.D.

University of Texas, 1986

Graduate

University of Southern California, 1980

Military

Service / branch

U.S. Army

Personal

Birthplace

Herlong, CA

Profession

Doctor

Contact

Official website

Official Facebook

Official X

Official Instagram

Official YouTube

Campaign website

Campaign Facebook

Campaign X

Campaign Instagram

Personal Facebook

Personal LinkedIn

Mariannette Miller-Meeks (Republican Party) is a member of theU.S. House, representingIowa's 1st Congressional District. She assumed office on January 3, 2023. Her current term ends on January 3, 2027.

Miller-Meeks (Republican Party) is running for re-election to theU.S. House to representIowa's 1st Congressional District. She declared candidacy for the Republican primary scheduled onJune 2, 2026.^[source]

Biography

Mariannette Miller-Meeks was born in Herlong, California.^[1] Mariannette Miller-Meeks served in the U.S. Army for 24 years.^[2] She earned a bachelor's degree in nursing from Texas Christian University in 1976, a master's degree from the University of Southern California in 1980, and a medical degree from the University of Texas Health Science Center in 1986.^[1] Miller-Meeks' career experience includes working as a nurse, an ophthalmologist, and the director of the Iowa Department of Public Health.^[1][2]

Committee assignments

U.S. House

2025-2026

Miller-Meeks was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

• Committee on House Administration
• Elections
• Committee on Energy and Commerce
• Health
• Energy
• Environment
• House Committee on Veterans' Affairs
• Health,Chair

2023-2024

Miller-Meeks was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

• Committee on Energy and Commerce
• Environment, Manufacturing, and Critical Minerals
• Health
• Health,Chairwoman
• House Committee on Veterans' Affairs

2021-2022

Miller-Meeks was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

• House Committee on Veterans' Affairs
• Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs
• Health
• Committee on Homeland Security
• Transportation and Maritime Security
• Emergency Preparedness, Response, and Recovery
• Committee on Education and the Workforce
• Workforce Protections Subcommittee
• Higher Education and Workforce Investment Subcommittee

Elections

2026

See also: Iowa's 1st Congressional District election, 2026

General election

The primary will occur on June 2, 2026. The general election will occur on November 3, 2026. General election candidates will be added here following the primary.

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Iowa District 1

Christina Bohannan,Bob Krause, andTravis Terrell are running in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Iowa District 1 on June 2, 2026.

		Candidate
		Christina Bohannan
		Bob Krause
	Submit photo	Travis Terrell

---

	There are noincumbents in this race.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Taylor Wettach (D)

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Iowa District 1

IncumbentMariannette Miller-Meeks,Grant Hill, andDavid Pautsch are running in the Republican primary for U.S. House Iowa District 1 on June 2, 2026.

		Candidate
		Mariannette Miller-Meeks
		Grant Hill
		David Pautsch

---

	Incumbents arebolded and underlined.
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Endorsements

2024

See also: Iowa's 1st Congressional District election, 2024

Iowa's 1st Congressional District election, 2024 (June 4 Republican primary)

Iowa's 1st Congressional District election, 2024 (June 4 Democratic primary)

General election

General election for U.S. House Iowa District 1

IncumbentMariannette Miller-Meeks defeatedChristina Bohannan andNicholas Gluba in the general election for U.S. House Iowa District 1 on November 5, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Mariannette Miller-Meeks (R)	50.0	206,955
		Christina Bohannan (D)	49.8	206,156
		Nicholas Gluba (L) (Write-in)	0.0	0
		Other/Write-in votes	0.2	967

---

	Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 414,078
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Iowa District 1

Christina Bohannan advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Iowa District 1 on June 4, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Christina Bohannan	99.3	13,870
		Other/Write-in votes	0.7	92

---

	There were noincumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 13,962
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Iowa District 1

IncumbentMariannette Miller-Meeks defeatedDavid Pautsch in the Republican primary for U.S. House Iowa District 1 on June 4, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Mariannette Miller-Meeks	55.9	16,529
		David Pautsch	43.9	12,981
		Other/Write-in votes	0.2	60

---

	Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 29,570
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Endorsements

2022

See also: Iowa's 1st Congressional District election, 2022

General election

General election for U.S. House Iowa District 1

IncumbentMariannette Miller-Meeks defeatedChristina Bohannan in the general election for U.S. House Iowa District 1 on November 8, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Mariannette Miller-Meeks (R)	53.4	162,947
		Christina Bohannan (D)	46.6	142,173
		Other/Write-in votes	0.1	260

---

	Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 305,380
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Iowa District 1

Christina Bohannan advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Iowa District 1 on June 7, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Christina Bohannan	99.7	37,475
		Other/Write-in votes	0.3	110

---

	There were noincumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 37,585
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Iowa District 1

IncumbentMariannette Miller-Meeks advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House Iowa District 1 on June 7, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Mariannette Miller-Meeks	98.7	41,260
		Other/Write-in votes	1.3	546

---

	Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 41,806
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Kyle Kuehl (R)

2020

See also: Iowa's 2nd Congressional District election, 2020

Iowa's 2nd Congressional District election, 2020 (June 2 Republican primary)

Iowa's 2nd Congressional District election, 2020 (June 2 Democratic primary)

General election

General election for U.S. House Iowa District 2

Mariannette Miller-Meeks defeatedRita Hart in the general election for U.S. House Iowa District 2 on November 3, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Mariannette Miller-Meeks (R)	49.9	196,964
		Rita Hart (D)	49.9	196,958
		Other/Write-in votes	0.2	703

---

	There were noincumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 394,625
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Iowa District 2

Rita Hart advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Iowa District 2 on June 2, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Rita Hart	99.6	67,039
		Other/Write-in votes	0.4	271

---

	There were noincumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 67,310
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Newman Abuissa (D)
• Joseph Kane Baker (D)
• Veronica Tessler (D)

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Iowa District 2

Mariannette Miller-Meeks defeatedRobert T. Schilling,Steven Everly,Ricky Lee Phillips, andTim Borchardt in the Republican primary for U.S. House Iowa District 2 on June 2, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Mariannette Miller-Meeks	47.6	23,052
		Robert T. Schilling	36.3	17,582
	Submit photo	Steven Everly	5.8	2,806
	Submit photo	Ricky Lee Phillips	5.0	2,444
	Submit photo	Tim Borchardt	4.9	2,370
		Other/Write-in votes	0.3	161

---

	There were noincumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 48,415
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Mathew Hepker (R)
• Thomas Kedley (R)

After a recount showed Miller-Meeks defeatingRita Hart (D) by six votes in the 2020 election, Hart announced on December 2 that she would contest the election with the House Administration Committee.^[3] Miller-Meeks was provisionally seated on January 3, 2021, as the House Administration Committee continued to review the Hart campaign's challenge.^[4] On March 31, 2021, Hart withdrew her challenge of the results.^[5] Clickhere to learn more.

2018

See also:Iowa State Senate elections, 2018

General election

General election for Iowa State Senate District 41

Mariannette Miller-Meeks defeatedMary Stewart in the general election for Iowa State Senate District 41 on November 6, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Mariannette Miller-Meeks (R)	51.7	11,460
	Submit photo	Mary Stewart (D)	48.1	10,652
		Other/Write-in votes	0.2	36

---

	There were noincumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 22,148
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for Iowa State Senate District 41

Mary Stewart defeatedEd Malloy in the Democratic primary for Iowa State Senate District 41 on June 5, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Submit photo	Mary Stewart	58.4	2,916
		Ed Malloy	41.6	2,076

---

	There were noincumbents in this race. The results have been certified.	Total votes: 4,992
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for Iowa State Senate District 41

Mariannette Miller-Meeks defeatedDaniel Cesar in the Republican primary for Iowa State Senate District 41 on June 5, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Mariannette Miller-Meeks	85.9	1,706
	Submit photo	Daniel Cesar	14.1	279

---

	There were noincumbents in this race. The results have been certified.	Total votes: 1,985
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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2014

See also:Iowa's 2nd Congressional District elections, 2014

Miller-Meeks ran forelection to theU.S. House, representing the2nd Congressional District ofIowa. Miller-Meeks won theRepublican nomination in the primary on June 3, 2014.^[6] The general election took place on November 4, 2014. This will be her third attempt to unseatDave Loebsack (D).^[7][8]

U.S. House, Iowa District 2 General Election, 2014

Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Dave LoebsackIncumbent	52.5%	143,431
	Republican	Mariannette Miller-Meeks	47.4%	129,455
	Write-in	Other	0.2%	443
Total Votes				273,329
Source:Iowa Secretary of State Official Results

U.S. House, Iowa District 2 Republican Primary, 2014

Candidate	Vote %	Votes
Mariannette Miller-Meeks	49.4%	15,043
Mark Lofgren	38.2%	11,634
Matthew Waldren	12.3%	3,746
Total Votes		30,423
Source:Iowa Secretary of State

Campaign themes

2026

Ballotpedia survey responses

See also:Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection

Mariannette Miller-Meeks has not yet completedBallotpedia's 2026 Candidate Connection survey.Send a message to Mariannette Miller-Meeks asking her to fill out the survey. If you are Mariannette Miller-Meeks,click here to fill out Ballotpedia's 2026 Candidate Connection survey.

Who fills out Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey?

Any candidate running for elected office, at any level, can complete Ballotpedia's Candidate Survey. Completing the survey will update the candidate's Ballotpedia profile, letting voters know who they are and what they stand for.  More than 25,000 candidates have taken Ballotpedia's candidate survey since we launched it in 2015. Learn more about the surveyhere.

You can ask Mariannette Miller-Meeks to fill out this survey by using the buttons below or emailing info@drmillermeeks.com.

2024

Mariannette Miller-Meeks did not completeBallotpedia's 2024 Candidate Connection survey.

2022

Mariannette Miller-Meeks did not completeBallotpedia's 2022 Candidate Connection survey.

2020

Mariannette Miller-Meeks did not completeBallotpedia's 2020 Candidate Connection survey.

Campaign website

Miller-Meeks' campaign website posted the following videos:

• Government Accountability

• Health care

• Pro-Life

• 2nd Amendment

• Immigration

• Trade^[9]

Campaign finance summary

Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf.Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at theFEC website. Clickhere for more on federal campaign finance law andhere for more on state campaign finance law.

Notable endorsements

See also:Ballotpedia: Our approach to covering endorsements

This section displays endorsements this individual made in elections within Ballotpedia'scoverage scope.

Noteworthy events

2020 U.S. House election

See also:Iowa's 2nd Congressional District election, 2020

After the November 3, 2020, general election, three recounts were conducted inIowa's 2nd Congressional District. Iowa Secretary of StatePaul Pate ordered recounts in Jasper and Lucas Counties, and Rita Hart requested a full recount of votes in all 24 counties in the district. After this last recount, Miller-Meeks was certified as the winner by a margin of six votes.

In December, Hart announced that she would contest the election with the House Administration Committee. The procedure would allow Hart and Miller-Meeks to state their cases, use depositions, and subpoena witnesses and documents. After conducting its own investigation, the House Administration Committee would submit a report to the full House of Representatives and a simple majority vote of the full House would decide the outcome.^[10][11] Miller-Meeks was provisionally seated on January 3, 2021, as the House Administration Committee continued to review the Hart campaign's challenge.^[4] On January 21, 2021, Miller-Meeks filed amotion asking Congress to dismiss Hart's challenge of the election results through the House Administration Committee.^[12] On April 27, 2021, the House Administration Committee granted the dismissal.^[13]

Personal finance disclosures

Members of the House are required to file financial disclosure reports. You can search disclosure reports on the House’s official websitehere.

Analysis

Below are links to scores and rankings Ballotpedia compiled for members of Congress. We chose analyses that help readers understand how each individual legislator fit into the context of the chamber as a whole in terms of ideology, bill advancement, bipartisanship, and more.

If you would like to suggest an analysis for inclusion in this section, please emaileditor@ballotpedia.org.

119th Congress (2025-2027)

118th Congress (2023-2025)

State legislative tenure

Committee assignments

2019-2020

Miller-Meeks was assigned to the following committees:

• Senate Appropriations Committee
• Senate Commerce Committee
• Senate Human Resources Committee (decommissioned),Chair
• Senate State Government Committee
• Senate Veterans Affairs Committee,Vice Chair

Scorecards

See also:State legislative scorecards andState legislative scorecards in Iowa

Ascorecard evaluates a legislator’s voting record. Its purpose is to inform voters about the legislator’s political positions. Because scorecards have varying purposes and methodologies, each report should be considered on its own merits. For example, an advocacy group’s scorecard may assess a legislator’s voting record on one issue while a state newspaper’s scorecard may evaluate the voting record in its entirety.

Ballotpedia is in the process of developing an encyclopedic list of published scorecards. Some states have a limited number of available scorecards or scorecards produced only by select groups. It is Ballotpedia’s goal to incorporate all available scorecards regardless of ideology or number.

Click here for an overview of legislative scorecards in all 50 states.  To contribute to the list of Iowa scorecards, email suggestions toeditor@ballotpedia.org.

2020

In 2020, theIowa State Legislature was in session from January 13 to June 14. The session was suspended from March 16 through June 3.

• Club for Growth Foundation

Legislators are scored on their votes on bills related to economic issues.

• Iowa Federation of Labor, AFL-CIO

Legislators are scored on their votes on bills related to labor issues.

• National Federation of Independent Business

Legislators are scored on their votes on bills related to business issues.

• The American Conservative Union

Legislators are scored on their votes on conservative issues.

2019

Key votes

See also:Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, clickhere.

Key votes: 118th Congress, 2023-2025

The118th United States Congress began on January 3, 2023, and ended on January 3, 2025. At the start of the session, Republicans held the majority in theU.S. House of Representatives (222-212), and Democrats held the majority in theU.S. Senate (51-49).Joe Biden (D) was the president andKamala Harris (D) was the vice president. We identified the key votes below usingCongress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 118th Congress, 2023-2025
Vote	Bill and description	Status
Yea	National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024   The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (H.R. 2670) was a bill passed by the118th Congress and signed into law by PresidentJoe Biden (D) on December 22, 2023, authorizingDepartment of Defense activities and programs for fiscal year 2024. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.[14]	Passed (310-118)[15]
Yea	To terminate the requirement imposed by the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for proof of COVID-19 vaccination for foreign travelers, and for other purposes.   H.R. 185 (To terminate the requirement imposed by the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for proof of COVID-19 vaccination for foreign travelers, and for other purposes.) was a bill approved by theHouse of Representatives that sought to nullify aCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) order restricting the entry of foreign citizens to the United States unless the individual was vaccinated against the coronavirus or attested they would take public health measures to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[16]	Passed (227-201)[17]
Yea	Limit, Save, Grow Act of 2023   The Limit, Save, Grow Act of 2023 (H.R. 2811) was a bill approved by theHouse of Representatives that sought to raise the federal debt limit before a June 5, 2023, deadline. The bill also sought to repeal certain green energy tax credits, increase domestic natural gas and oil production, expand work requirements for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program, and nullify PresidentJoe Biden's (D) proposed student loan debt cancellation program. This bill was not taken up in the Senate, and the debt limit was instead raised through theFiscal Responsibility Act of 2023. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[18]	Passed (217-215)[19]
Yea	Denouncing the horrors of socialism.   H.Con.Res. 9 (Denouncing the horrors of socialism.) was a resolution approved by theHouse of Representatives denouncing socialism and opposing the implementation of socialist policies in the United States. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the House.[20]	Passed (328-86)[21]
Yea	Lower Energy Costs Act   The Lower Energy Costs Act (H.R. 1) was a bill approved by theHouse of Representatives that sought to increase domestic energy production and exports by increasing the production of oil, natural gas, and coal, reducing permitting restrictions for pipelines, refineries, and other energy projects, and increase the production of minerals used in electronics, among other energy production-related policies. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[22]	Passed (225-204)[23]
Yea	Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights".   H.J.Res. 30 (Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights".) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of theCongressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the118th Congress andvetoed by PresidentJoe Biden (D) on March 20, 2023. This was Biden's first veto of his presidency. The resolution sought to nullify aDepartment of Labor rule that amended the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) to allow retirement plans to consider certainenvironmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) factors in investment-related decisions. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the House.[24]Click here to read more.	Passed (219-200)[25]
Yea	Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020.   H.J.Res. 7 (Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020.) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of theCongressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the118th Congress and signed into law by PresidentJoe Biden (D) on April 10, 2023. The resolution ended thenational coronavirus state of emergency, which began on March 13, 2020. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the House.[26]Click here to read more.	Passed (229-197)[27]
Yea	Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023   TheFiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 (H.R. 3746) was a bill passed by the118th Congress and signed into law by PresidentJoe Biden (D) on June 3, 2023. The bill raised the federal debt limit until January 2025. The bill also capped non-defense spending in fiscal year 2024, rescinded unspent coronavirus relief funding, rescinded some Internal Revenue Service (IRS) funding, enhanced work requirements for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families program (TANF), simplified environmental reviews for energy projects, and ended the student loan debt repayment pause in August 2023. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[28]Click here to read more.	Passed (314-117)[29]
Rep.Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.)	Speaker of the House election (January 2023) - 15th vote   In January 2023, theHouse of Representatives held itsregular election for Speaker of the House at the start of the118th Congress. Voting began on January 3, and ended on January 7. Rep.Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) was elected speaker of the House in a 216-212 vote during the 15th round of voting. In order to elect a Speaker of the House, a majority of votes cast for a person by name was required.[30]Click here to read more.	Rep.Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) (216-212)
Nay	Declaring the office of Speaker of the House of Representatives to be vacant.   H.Res. 757 (Declaring the office of Speaker of the House of Representatives to be vacant.) was a resolution passed by the House of Representatives that removed Rep.Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) from his position as Speaker of the House. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the House.[31]Click here to read more.	Passed (216-210)[32]
Rep.Mike Johnson (R-La.)	Speaker of the House election (October 2023) - 4th vote   In October 2023, following Rep.Kevin McCarthy's (R-Calif.) removal as Speaker of the House, theHouse of Representatives heldanother election for the position. Voting began on October 17 and ended on October 25. Rep.Mike Johnson (R-La.) was elected Speaker of the House in a 220-209 vote in the fourth round of voting. In order to elect a Speaker of the House, a majority of votes cast for a person by name was required.[33]Click here to read more.	Rep.Mike Johnson (R-La.) (220-209)
Yea	Directing certain committees to continue their ongoing investigations as part of the existing House of Representatives inquiry into whether sufficient grounds exist for the House of Representatives to exercise its Constitutional power to impeach Joseph Biden, President of the United States of America, and for other purposes.   H.Res. 918 (Directing certain committees to continue their ongoing investigations as part of the existing House of Representatives inquiry into whether sufficient grounds exist for the House of Representatives to exercise its Constitutional power to impeach Joseph Biden, President of the United States of America, and for other purposes.) was a resolution passed by theHouse of Representatives that formally authorized animpeachment inquiry into PresidentJoe Biden (D). The inquiry focused on allegations that Biden used his influence as vice president from 2009 to 2017 to improperly profit from his son Hunter Biden's business dealings. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the House.[34]Click here to read more.	Passed (221-212)[35]
Yea	Providing for the expulsion of Representative George Santos from the United States House of Representatives.   H.Res. 878 (Providing for the expulsion of Representative George Santos from the United States House of Representatives.) was a resolution passed by the House of Representatives that removed Rep.George Santos (R-N.Y.) from office following aHouse Ethics Committee investigation that determined there was substantial evidence that Santos violated the law during his 2020 and 2022 campaigns. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the House.[36]	Passed (311-114)[37]
Yea	The Social Security Fairness Act of 2023   The Social Security Fairness Act of 2023 (H.R. 82) was a bill passed by the118th Congress and signed into law by PresidentJoe Biden (D) on January 5, 2025, that reduced Social Security benefits for individuals who received other pensions from state or local governments. It also eliminated an offset that would reduce benefits for spouses and widows of individuals with government pensions. It also eliminated a provision that reduced benefits for an individual who received a pension or disability benefit from an employer that did not withhold Social Security taxes. This bill required a 2/3rds majority vote to pass.[38]	Passed (327-75)[39]
Yea	Secure the Border Act of 2023   The Secure the Border Act of 2023 (H.R. 2) was passed by theU.S. House on May 11, 2024. This bill would have introduced limits to asylum eligibility and required employers to use electronic verification of employee's legal eligibility to work. This bill required a simple majority vote.[40]	Passed (219-213)[41]
Yea	Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024   The Consolidated Appropriations Act 2024 (H.R. 4366) was a bill passed by the118th Congress and signed into law by PresidentJoe Biden (D) on March 9, 2024, authorizing appropriations for various government departments for the fiscal year 2024. The bill required a majority vote to pass.[42]	Passed (219-211)[43]
Yea	Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024   The Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024 (H.R. 7024) was a bill passed by theU.S. House on January 31, 2024, that would have modified the U.S. tax code, increasing how much money can be given back in credits and what is exempt. This bill required a 2/3rds majority vote to pass.[44]	Passed (357-70)[45]
Yea	Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025   The Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (H.R. 8070) was passed by theU.S. House on June 14, 2024. The bill would have modified defense spending in the fiscal year 2025. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.[46]	Passed (217-199)[47]
Yea	Antisemitism Awareness Act of 2023   The Antisemitism Awareness Act of 2023 (H.R. 6090) was passed by theU.S. House on May 1, 2024. This bill made it so the Department of Education's Office of Civil Rights could have the authority to use the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance's definition of antisemitism when investigating cases of discrimination. This bill required a simple majority vote to pass.[48]	Passed (320-91)[49]
Yea	FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024   The FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 (H.R.3935) was a bill passed by the118th Congress and signed into law by PresidentJoe Biden (D) on May 16, 2024, that reauthorized Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) funding until fiscal year 2028. The bill also made other modifications to address various department-related issues. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.[50]	Passed (387-26)[51]
Yea	Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act   The Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act (H.R. 9495) was passed by theU.S. House on November 21, 2024. The bill would have postponed U.S. tax deadlines for citizens who were wrongfully detained abroad. This bill required a simple majority to pass.[52]	Passed (219-184)[53]
Yea	Impeaching Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, for high crimes and misdemeanors.   H.Res.863, Impeaching Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, for high crimes and misdemeanors, passed the U.S. House on February 13, 2024. The resolution impeached U.S. Secretary ofHomeland SecurityAlejandro Mayorkas (D) for high crimes and misdemeanors. The motion to impeach required a majority in the House and a 2/3rds vote in the Senate.[54]	Passed (214-213)[55]
Yea	Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025   H.R.9747, the Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025, was passed by the118th Congress and signed into law by PresidentJoe Biden (D) on September 26, 2024, providing funding to federal agencies, including the Secret Service, and federal programs for the 2025 fiscal year. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.[56]	Passed (341-82)[57]

Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress

Key votes(click to expand)

Key votes: 117th Congress, 2021-2023

The117th United States Congress began on January 3, 2021 and ended on January 3, 2023. At the start of the session, Democrats held the majority in theU.S. House of Representatives (222-213), and theU.S. Senate had a 50-50 makeup. Democrats assumed control of the Senate on January 20, 2021, when PresidentJoe Biden (D) and Vice PresidentKamala Harris (D), who acted as a tie-breaking vote in the chamber, assumed office. We identified the key votes below usingCongress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 117th Congress, 2021-2023
Vote	Bill and description	Status
Nay	Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act   TheInfrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (H.R. 3684) was a federal infrastructure bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on November 15, 2021. Among other provisions, the bill provided funding for new infrastructure projects and reauthorizations, Amtrak maintenance and development, bridge repair, replacement, and rehabilitation, clean drinking water, high-speed internet, and clean energy transmission and power infrastructure upgrades. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[58]Click here to read more.	Passed (228-206)
Nay	American Rescue Plan Act of 2021   TheAmerican Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (H.R. 1319) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 11, 2021, to provide economic relief in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Key features of the bill included funding for a national vaccination program and response, funding to safely reopen schools, distribution of $1,400 per person in relief payments, and extended unemployment benefits. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[59]Click here to read more.	Passed (220-210)
Nay	Inflation Reduction Act of 2022   TheInflation Reduction Act of 2022 (H.R. 5376) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 16, 2022, to address climate change, healthcare costs, and tax enforcement. Key features of the bill included a $369 billion investment to address energy security and climate change, an extension of Affordable Care Act subsidies, allowing Medicare to negotiate certain drug prices, a 15% corporate minimum tax, a 1% stock buyback fee, and enhanced Internal Revenue Service (IRS) enforcement, and an estimated $300 billion deficit reduction from 2022-2031. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[60]Click here to read more.	Passed (220-207)
Nay	Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act   The Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act (H.R. 3617) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to decriminalize marijuana, establish studies of legal marijuana sales, tax marijuana imports and production, and establish a process to expunge and review federal marijuana offenses. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[61]	Passed (220-204)
Nay	For the People Act of 2021   TheFor the People Act of 2021 (H.R. 1) was a federal election law and government ethics bill approved by the House of Representatives. The Congressional Research Service said the bill would "expand voter registration (e.g., automatic and same-day registration) and voting access (e.g., vote-by-mail and early voting). It [would also limit] removing voters from voter rolls. ... Further, the bill [would address] campaign finance, including by expanding the prohibition on campaign spending by foreign nationals, requiring additional disclosure of campaign-related fundraising and spending, requiring additional disclaimers regarding certain political advertising, and establishing an alternative campaign funding system for certain federal offices." The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[62]Click here to read more.	Passed (220-210)
Nay	Assault Weapons Ban of 2022   The Assault Weapons Ban of 2022 (H.R. 1808) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives that sought to criminalize the knowing import, sale, manufacture, transfer, or possession of semiautomatic assault weapons (SAW) or large capacity ammunition feeding devices (LCAFD). The bill made exemptions for grandfathered SAWs and LCAFDs. It required a simple majority vote in the House.[63]	Passed (217-213)
Yea	National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022   The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (S. 1605) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 27, 2021, authorizingDepartment of Defense acitivities and programs for fiscal year 2022. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[64]	Passed (363-70)
Yea	James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023   The James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (H.R. 7776) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 23, 2022, authorizing Department of Defense activities and programs for fiscal year 2023. The bill required a 2/3 majority in the House to suspend rules and pass the bill as amended.[65]	Passed (350-80)
Nay	American Dream and Promise Act of 2021   The American Dream and Promise Act of 2021 (H.R. 6) was an immigration bill approved by the House of Representatives that proposed a path to permanent residence status for unauthorized immigrants eligible for Temporary Protected Status or Deferred Enforced Departure, among other immigration-related proposals. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[66]	Passed (228-197)
Yea	Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022   The Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022 (S. 3373) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 10, 2022, that sought to address healthcare access, the presumption of service-connection, and research, resources, and other matters related to veterans who were exposed to toxic substances during military service. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[67]	Passed (342-88)
Nay	Chips and Science Act   The Chips and Science Act (H.R. 4346) was a bill approved by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 9, 2022, which sought to fund domestic production of semiconductors and authorized various federal science agency programs and activities. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[68]	Passed (243-187)
Nay	Women’s Health Protection Act of 2021   The Women's Health Protection Act of 2021 (H.R. 3755) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives. The bill proposed prohibiting governmental restrictions on the provision of and access to abortion services and prohibiting governments from issuing some other abortion-related restrictions. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[69]	Passed (218-211)
Yea	SAFE Banking Act of 2021   The SAFE Banking Act of 2021 (H.R. 1996) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives that proposed prohibiting federal regulators from penalizing banks for providing services to legitimate cannabis-related businesses and defining proceeds from such transactions as not being proceeds from unlawful activity, among other related proposals. Since the House moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill in an expedited process, it required a two-thirds majority vote in the House.[70]	Passed (321-101)
Yea	Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022   The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (H.R. 2471) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 15, 2022, providing for the funding of federal agencies for the remainder of 2022, providing funding for activities related to Ukraine, and modifying or establishing various programs. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[71]	Passed (260-171)
Nay	Equality Act   The Equality Act (H.R. 5) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that proposed prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity in areas including public accommodations and facilities, education, federal funding, employment, housing, credit, and the jury system, among other related proposals. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[72]	Passed (224-206)
Yea	Respect for Marriage Act   TheRespect for Marriage Act (H.R. 8404) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 13, 2022. The bill codified the recognition of marriages between individuals of the same sex and of different races, ethnicities, or national origins, and provided that the law would not impact religious liberty or conscience protections, or provide grounds to compel nonprofit religious organizations to recognize same-sex marriages. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[73]Click here to read more.	Passed (258-169)
Nay	Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023   The Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (H.R. 6833) was a bill approved by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 30, 2022. It provided for some fiscal year 2023 appropriations, supplemental funds for Ukraine, and extended several other programs and authorities. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[74]	Passed (230-201)
Nay	Consumer Fuel Price Gouging Prevention Act   The Consumer Fuel Price Gouging Prevention Act (H.R. 7688) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to prohibit individuals from selling consumer fuels at excessive prices during a proclaimed energy emergency. It would have also required the Federal Trade Commission to investigate whether the price of gasoline was being manipulated. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[75]	Passed (217-207)
Nay	Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2021   The Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2021 (H.R. 8) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to prohibit the transfer of firearms between private parties unless a licensed firearm vendor conducted a background check on the recipient. The bill also provided for certain exceptions to this requirement. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[76]	Passed (227-203)
Nay	Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act   TheFreedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act was a federal elections bill approved by the House of Representatives and voted down by the Senate in a failed cloture vote that sought to, among other provisions, make Election Day a public holiday, allow for same-day voter registration, establish minimum early voting periods, and allow absentee voting for any reason, restrict the removal of local election administrators in federal elections, regulate congressional redistricting, expand campaign finance disclosure rules for some organizations, and amend the Voting Rights Act to require some states to obtain clearance from the U.S. Department of Justice before implementing new election laws. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[77]Click here to read more.	Passed (220-203)
Nay	Bipartisan Safer Communities Act   TheBipartisan Safer Communities Act (S. 2938) was a firearm regulation and mental health bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on June 25, 2022. Provisions of the bill included expanding background checks for individuals under the age of 21, providing funding for mental health services, preventing individuals who had been convicted of a domestic violence misdemeanor or felony in dating relationships from purchasing firearms for five years, providing funding for state grants to implement crisis intervention order programs, and providing funding for community-based violence prevention initiatives. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[78]Click here to read more.	Passed (234-193)
Nay	Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.   This was a resolution before the 117th Congress setting forth anarticle of impeachment saying thatDonald Trump (R) incited an insurrection against the government of the United States on January 6, 2021. The House of Representatives approved the article of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of the charges. The article of impeachment required a simple majority vote in the House.[79]Click here to read more.	Passed (232-197)
Nay	Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022   TheElectoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act was a bill passed by the 117th Congress in the form of an amendment to a year-end omnibus funding bill that was signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 23, 2022. The bill changed the procedure for counting electoral votes outlined in the Electoral Count Act of 1887. Elements of the bill included specifying that the vice president's role at the joint session of congress to count electoral votes is ministerial, raising the objection threshold at the joint session of congress to count electoral votes to one-fifth of the members of both the House of Representatives and the Senate, identifying governors as the single official responsible for submitting the certificate of ascertainment identifying that state’s electors, and providing for expedited judicial review of certain claims about states' certificates identifying their electors. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[80]Click here to read more.	Passed (225-201)

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