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Houston Independent School District, Texas

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Houston Independent School District
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Houston, Texas
District details
Superintendent:Mike Miles
# of school board members:9
Website:Link

TheHouston Independent School District is aschool district inTexas.

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Superintendent

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This information is updated as we become aware of changes. Pleasecontact us with any updates.

Mike Miles is the superintendent of the Houston Independent School District. He was appointed by Texas Education CommissionerMike Morath on June 1, 2023.[1] The district's board of education confirmed the appointment on June 8, 2023.[2] Prior to his appointment, Miles served as the CEO to the charter school network Third Future School, as well as the superintendent ofDallas Independent School District.[3]

Past superintendents

  • Grenita Lathan was the interim superintendent of the Houston Independent School District from 2018 to 2021. Lathan's previous career experience included working as a teacher, the chief elementary school improvement officer of theSan Diego Unified School District, and the superintendent ofPeoria Public Schools inIllinois.[4]
  • Richard Carranza was the superintendent of the Houston Independent School District from 2016 to 2018.[5][6] Carranza's previous career experience included working as the superintendent of theSan Francisco Unified School District.[7]
  • Kenneth Huewitt was the interim superintendent of the Houston Independent School District in 2016. Huewitt's previous career experience included working as the district's controller and chief financial officer.[8]
  • Terry Grier was the superintendent of the Houston Independent School District from 2009 to 2016.[9]

School board

The Houston Independent School District Board of Trustees consists of nine members elected to four-year terms and nine appointed members.[10]

Elected board


Appointed board


Elections

See also:Houston Independent School District, Texas, elections

Members of the board are elected biennially in November to overlapping four-year terms.[10]

Five seats on the board were up for general election onNovember 4, 2025. The filing deadline for this election wasAugust 18, 2025.

Ballotpedia covered school board elections in 367 school districts in 29 states in 2024. Those school districts had a total student enrollment of 12,203,404 students.Click here to read an analysis of those elections.


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Public participation in board meetings

The Houston Independent School District Board of Trustees maintains the following policy on public testimony during board meetings:[11]

School board meetings

The following articles were produced byCitizen Portal using artificial intelligence to analyze public meetings. Citizen Portal publishes articles based on the availability of meeting broadcasts, so the number of articles provided may vary by district. Although these articles are not produced or edited by Ballotpedia, they are included here as a supplemental resource for readers.

School board meeting articles (click to collapse)


District map

Budget

The following statistics were published by theNational Center for Education Statistics, which is a part of theU.S. Department of Education.[12]

Revenue, 2021-2022
SOURCEAMOUNTAMOUNT PER STUDENTPERCENT
Federal:$683,805,000$3,514 23%
Local:$2,024,644,000$10,404 69%
State:$234,725,000$1,206 8%
Total:$2,943,174,000$15,124
Expenditures, 2021-2022
TYPEAMOUNTAMOUNT PER STUDENTPERCENT
Total Expenditures:$2,824,805,000$14,515
Total Current Expenditures:$2,341,246,000$12,030
Instructional Expenditures:$1,269,429,000$6,523 45%
Student and Staff Support:$286,567,000$1,472 10%
Administration:$368,123,000$1,891 13%
Operations, Food Service, Other:$417,127,000$2,143 15%
Total Capital Outlay:$153,313,000$787
Construction:$64,951,000$333
Total Non El-Sec Education & Other:$17,676,000$90
Interest on Debt:$121,949,000$626


Teacher salaries

The following salary information was pulled from the district's teacher salary schedule. A salary schedule is a list of expected compensations based on variables such as position, years employed, and education level. It may not reflect actual teacher salaries in the district.

YearMinimumMaximum
2024-2025[13]$64,000$108,644
2023-2024[14]$53,000$100,000
2020[15]$54,369$96,371

Academic performance

Each year, state and local education agencies use tests and other standards to assess student proficiency. Although the data below was published by theU.S. Department of Education, proficiency measurements are established by the states. As a result,proficiency levels are not comparable between different states andyear-over-year proficiency levels within a district may not be comparable because states may change their proficiency measurements.[16]

The following table shows the percentage of district students who scored at or above the proficiency level each school year:

School yearAll (%)Asian/Pacific Islander (%)Black (%)Hispanic (%)Native American (%)Two or More Races (%)White (%)
2020-20212772162235-3945-4959
2018-20194580334435-396667
2017-20184380314240-446366
2016-20177191637270-748487
2015-20166990597060-648386
2014-20156788576870-748286
2013-20147089607165-698387
2012-20137290637375-798387
2011-20128094728275-798991
2010-20118392778480-8492

The following table shows the percentage of district students who scored at or above the proficiency level each school year:

School yearAll (%)Asian/Pacific Islander (%)Black (%)Hispanic (%)Native American (%)Two or More Races (%)White (%)
2020-20213571283040-4440-4470
2018-20194175333735-397071
2017-20183974303645-496771
2016-20176384576260-648387
2015-20166484586265-698586
2014-20156583596460-648587
2013-20146784616665-698688
2012-20137285697070-748890
2011-20128592828485-899495
2010-20118694848585-8995

The following table shows the graduation rate of district students each school year:

School yearAll (%)Asian/Pacific Islander (%)Black (%)Hispanic (%)Native American (%)Two or More Races (%)White (%)
2018-20197991797870-7975-7979
2017-20187993787960-6980-8477
2016-20177990787960-6975-7978
2015-20167892767870-7975-7980
2014-20157992777960-7975-7983
2013-20147992757870-7985-8986
2012-20137987767770-7990-9491
2011-20127992777770-7990-9489
2010-20117992777660-79>=9090


Students

YearEnrollmentYear-to-year change (%)
2023-2024184,109-3.2
2022-2023189,934-2.5
2021-2022194,607-1.2
2020-2021196,943-6.7
2019-2020210,0610.1
2018-2019209,772-2.1
2017-2018214,175-0.9
2016-2017216,1060.2
2015-2016215,6270.2
2014-2015215,2251.7
2013-2014211,5523.9
2012-2013203,3540.1
2011-2012203,066-0.6
2010-2011204,2450.7
2009-2010202,7731.3
2008-2009200,2250.3
2007-2008199,534-1.7
2006-2007202,936-3.6
2005-2006210,2920.6
2004-2005208,945-1.2
2003-2004211,499-0.3
2002-2003212,0990.5
2001-2002210,9501.2
2000-2001208,462-0.6
1999-2000209,7160.0
Racial Demographics, 2023-2024
RACEHouston Independent School District (%)Texas K-12 STUDENTS (%)
American Indian/Alaska Native0.20.3
Asian or Asian/Pacific Islander5.05.4
Black21.312.8
Hispanic61.753.2
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander0.10.2
Two or More Races1.83.1
White9.925.0

Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the censushere.


Staff

As of the 2023-2024 school year, Houston Independent School District had 11,785.74 full-time classroom teachers. The student-teacher ratio was 15.62.

Teachers, 2023-2024 school year
TYPENUMBER OF TEACHERS
Prekindergarten:642.24
Kindergarten:605.96
Elementary:4,777.21
Secondary:4,514.58
Total:11,785.74

Houston Independent School District employed 24.02 district administrators and 1,296.66 school administrators as of the 2023-2024 school year.

Administrators, 2023-2024 school year
TYPENUMBER OF ADMINISTRATORS
District Administrators:24.02
District Administrative Support:2,319.43
School Administrators:1,296.66
School Administrative Support:1,226.91
Other staff, 2023-2024 school year
TYPENUMBER OF OTHER STAFF
Instructional Aides:1,320.95
Instruc. Coordinators & Supervisors:14.00
Total Guidance Counselors:354.14
Elementary Guidance Counselors:0.00
Secondary Guidance Counselors:0.00
Librarians/Media Specialists:103.21
Library/Media Support:0.00
Student Support Services:1,674.34
Other Support Services:5,945.80


Schools

The Houston Independent School District operates 274 schools. They are listed below in alphabetical order.
List of schools
SCHOOL NAMENUMBER OF STUDENTSGRADES
Alcott El228PK-5
Almeda El798PK-5
Anderson El588PK-5
Arabic Immersion Magnet School611PK-8
Ashford El534PK-5
Askew El862PK-5
Atherton El475PK-5
Attucks Middle4406-8
Austin H S1,2869-12
Barrick El458PK-5
Bastian El664PK-5
Baylor College Of Medicine Academy At Ryan3136-8
Baylor College Of Medicine Biotech Academy At Rusk3506-8
Bellaire H S3,1619-12
Bell El564PK-5
Bellfort Early Childhood Center320PK-KG
Benavidez El838PK-5
Benbrook El485PK-5
Berry El755PK-5
Black Middle1,3316-8
Blackshear El302PK-5
Bonham El992PK-5
Bonner El596PK-5
Braeburn El860PK-5
Briargrove El881PK-5
Briarmeadow Charter580PK-8
Briscoe El227PK-5
Brookline El663PK-5
Browning El408PK-5
Bruce El310PK-5
Burbank El754PK-5
Burbank Middle1,4546-8
Burnet El368PK-5
Burrus El216PK-5
Bush El726PK-5
Cage El365PK-5
Carnegie Vanguard H S8249-12
Carrillo El352PK-5
Challenge Early College H S4809-12
Chavez H S2,0069-12
Clifton Middle4196-8
Codwell El346PK-5
Community Services-Sec107PK-12
Condit El733PK-5
Cook Jr El467PK-5
Coop El547PK-5
Cornelius El753PK-5
Crespo El526PK-5
Crockett El551PK-5
Cullen Middle2906-8
Cunningham El536PK-5
Davila El416PK-5
Deady Middle4946-8
Deanda El641PK-5
Debakey H S For Health Prof9229-12
De Chaumes El697PK-5
De Zavala El232PK-5
Dogan El466PK-5
Durham El570PK-5
Durkee El435PK-5
East Early College H S4619-12
Eastwood Academy3839-12
Edison Middle4456-8
El Daep25-5
Eliot El500PK-5
Ella J Baker Montessori School617PK-8
Elmore El508PK-5
Elrod El733PK-5
Emerson El993PK-5
Energized For Excellence Academy Ecc191PK-PK
Energized For Excellence Academy El950KG-5
Energized For Excellence Academy Inc Middle5496-8
Energized For Stem Academy H S5499-12
Energized For Stem Academy Middle3516-8
Energy Institute H S6639-12
Farias Early Childhood Center399PK-KG
Field El464PK-5
Fleming Middle3486-8
Foerster El545PK-5
Fondren El322PK-5
Fondren Middle7646-8
Fonville Middle6636-8
Fonwood Early Childhood Ctr432PK-KG
Forest Brook Middle6056-8
Foster El363PK-5
Franklin El239PK-5
Frost El469PK-5
Furr H S1,0259-12
Gallegos El365PK-5
Garcia El325PK-5
Garden Oaks Montessori780PK-8
Garden Villas El360PK-5
Golfcrest El419PK-5
Gregg El370PK-5
Gregory-Lincoln Ed Ctr494PK-8
Grissom El470PK-5
Gross El422PK-5
Halpin Early Childhood Ctr348PK-KG
Hamilton Middle8376-8
Harper Daep1279-12
Harris Co J J A E P138-10
Harris J R El312PK-5
Harris R P El389PK-5
Hartman Middle7666-8
Hartsfield El300PK-5
Harvard El673PK-5
Hcc Life Skills Program6512-12
Heights H S2,5219-12
Helms El481PK-5
Henderson J El539PK-5
Henderson N El211PK-5
Henry Middle6106-8
Herod El766PK-5
Herrera El781PK-5
Highland Hts El444PK-5
Hilliard El592PK-5
Hines-Caldwell692PK-5
Hobby El481PK-5
Hogg Middle1,1206-8
Holland Middle5916-8
Horn El753PK-5
Houston Academy For International Studies4569-12
Houston Math Science And Technology Center2,6449-12
H S Ahead Academy1447-8
H S For Law And Justice4359-12
Isaacs El274PK-5
Janowski El401PK-5
Jefferson El334PK-5
Jones Futures Academy3179-12
Kashmere Gardens El331PK-5
Kashmere H S6409-12
Kelso El398PK-5
Kennedy El496PK-5
Ketelsen El422PK-5
Key Middle5546-8
Kinder H S For Performing And Visual Arts7699-12
King Early Childhood Ctr307PK-KG
Kolter El762PK-5
Lamar H S3,0789-12
Lanier Middle1,4186-8
Lantrip El462PK-5
Las Americas2134-8
Laurenzo Early Childhood Ctr229PK-KG
Law El519PK-5
Lawson Middle1,1326-8
Lewis El710PK-5
Liberty H S3739-12
Lockhart El338PK-5
Long Academy7156-12
Longfellow El656PK-5
Looscan El238PK-5
Love El345PK-5
Lovett El654PK-5
Lyons El825PK-5
Macgregor El436PK-5
Mading El338PK-5
Madison H S1,8559-12
Mandarin Immersion Magnet School792PK-8
Mark White El522PK-5
Marshall El540KG-5
Marshall Middle5846-8
Martinez C El257PK-5
Martinez R El423PK-5
Mcgowen El352PK-5
Mcnamara El962PK-5
Mcreynolds Middle3456-8
Memorial El447PK-5
Meyerland Middle1,1226-8
Mickey Leland College Prep Acad For Young Men3026-12
Middle College H S At Hcc Fraga1349-12
Middle College H S At Hcc Gulfton1129-12
Milby H S2,1799-12
Milne El506PK-5
Mistral Center For Early Childhood355PK-KG
Mitchell El565PK-5
Montgomery El423PK-5
Moreno El692PK-6
Mount Carmel Academy2299-12
Navarro Middle4876-8
Neff Ecc586PK-1
Neff El7272-5
North Forest H S9499-12
North Houston Early College H S4839-12
Northline El398PK-5
Northside H S1,1419-12
Oak Forest El922PK-5
Oates El272PK-5
Ortiz Middle8236-8
Osborne El323PK-5
Parker El887PK-5
Park Place El705PK-5
Patterson El877PK-5
Peck El340PK-5
Pershing Middle1,2706-8
Petersen El361PK-5
Pilgrim Academy1,303PK-8
Piney Point El1,276PK-5
Pin Oak Middle1,1946-8
Pleasantville El231PK-5
Poe El736PK-5
Port Houston El269PK-5
Project Chrysalis Middle2526-8
Pugh El320PK-5
Ray Daily El841PK-5
R D S P D49PK-PK
Reagan K-8 Educational Ctr765KG-8
Red El586PK-5
Revere Middle1,1026-8
Reynolds El286PK-5
Rice Sch /La Escuela Rice1,040KG-8
River Oaks El744PK-5
Roberts El730PK-5
Robinson El453PK-5
Roderick R Paige El399PK-5
Rodriguez El849PK-5
Roosevelt El404PK-5
Ross El258PK-5
Rucker El418PK-5
Sanchez El432PK-5
Scarborough El717PK-5
Scarborough H S7259-12
School At St George Place784PK-5
Scroggins El328PK-5
Secondary Daep596-8
Seguin El350PK-5
Shadowbriar El408PK-5
Shadydale El604KG-5
Sharpstown H S1,8039-12
Sharpstown International School1,2976-12
Shearn El469PK-5
Sherman El478PK-5
Sinclair El716PK-5
Smith El736PK-5
Soar Ctr248PK-12
South Early College H S4169-12
Southmayd El353PK-5
Sterling H S1,3419-12
Stevens El574PK-5
Stevenson Middle1,1176-8
Sugar Grove Academy8006-8
Sutton El921PK-5
Tanglewood Middle8546-8
Texas Connections Academy At Houston8,3323-12
Thomas Middle4746-8
Thompson El376PK-5
T H Rogers School1,058KG-12
Tijerina El345PK-5
Tinsley El6071-5
Travis El725PK-5
Twain El870PK-5
Valley West El599PK-5
Wainwright El396PK-5
Walnut Bend El610PK-5
Waltrip H S1,6599-12
Washington B T H S8379-12
Welch Middle5476-8
Wesley El296PK-5
West Briar Middle1,0276-8
Westbury H S2,2639-12
Westside H S2,8259-12
West University El1,131PK-5
Wharton K-8 Dual Language Academy651PK-8
Wheatley H S6169-12
Whidby El368PK-5
White E El719PK-5
Whittier El327PK-5
Williams Middle3936-8
Windsor Village El638PK-5
Wisdom H S2,3069-12
Woodson School489PK-5
Worthing H S8319-12
Yates H S7819-12
Young El398PK-5
Young Women'S College Prep Academy4456-12

Noteworthy events

2023: State takeover of school board

On March 15, 2023, Texas Commissioner of EducationMike Morath announced in a letter he was appointing a Board of Managers to replace the HISD elected Board of Trustees.[17] The appointed school board members took office in June 2024 and held their first public meeting on June 8, 2024.[18]

The letter followed theTexas Supreme Court's Jan. 13, 2023, ruling ending an injunction against the takeover that had begun in 2020.[19]

Morath said the new Board of Managers and superintendent would not take over before June 1. The elected Board of Trustees will serve in an advisory capacity, and elections will still take place. The appointed board will serve for two years. At that time, Morath will need to announce a timeline for returning control back to the Board of Trustees or extend the state takeover for an additional two years.[17]

2019-2022: Potential state takeover of school board

On November 6, 2019, the day after the district'sgeneral election for four out of nine seats on the school board,Texas Commissioner of EducationMike Morath notified the district of his decision to appoint a board of managers to replace the elected school board, appoint a superintendent for the district, and lower the district's accreditation status to "accredited-warned."[20][21] Under a state-appointed board, elected board members would function as non-voting representatives until they were phased back in by the commissioner.[22][23]

Morath's decision came after aTEA investigation into the board's governance and repeatedly pooracademic performance ratings at a high school in the district.[24] According to theHouston Chronicle, the transition was originally expected to take place around March 2020.[25]

As part of an ongoing lawsuit disputing the investigation and takeover, HISD filed a request for a preliminary injunction to prevent state intervention on October 29.[26] JudgeLee Yeakel of theU.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas denied the injunction on December 18 and remanded the case to a Travis County court.[27][28] On January 8, 2020, Travis County District JudgeCatherine Mauzy issued a temporary injunction preventing the TEA from taking over the district until the lawsuit was resolved. Mauzy scheduled the trial for June 22.[29][30] TEA officials filed an appeal with theTexas Third District Court of Appeals on January 9, 2020.[31] The court upheld the injunction on December 30, 2020, returning the issue to the Travis County district court. The Texas Education Association said it would appeal the ruling before the state supreme court.[32] The state supreme court upheld the appellate court's decision on March 19, 2021.[33]

After Morath's announcement,Texas Gov.Greg Abbott (R) stated, "The State of Texas will never give up on our students, nor will we allow Houston ISD's school board to stand in the way of a child and their path to success. I fully support the Texas Education Agency's takeover of HISD and will work with them to give every child a chance at a great education."[34] Zeph Capo, president of the Houston Federation of Teachers, an affiliate of theAmerican Federation of Teachers and theAFL-CIO, said, "This is a power grab to disenfranchise families in Houston—particularly families of color—who just exercised their voice in a democratic vote on control of the city's public schools. Now, the state government wants to step in and ignore that vote and exercise state control over this community because of one below-grade school, when the rest of them are scoring in the top tier in math and reading."[35]

Texas Education Agency investigation

The TEA special accreditation investigation into HISD began in January 2019.[36] Special Investigations Unit Director Jason Hewitt recommended in August 2019 that the state appoint a board of managers for the district due to the elected board's "inability to appropriately govern, inability to operate within the scope of their authority, circumventing the authority of the superintendent, and inability to ensure proper contract procurement laws are followed."[37] Preliminary findings of the TEA investigation included violations such as secret meetings that broke state law, misuse of district property, and school board member overreach.[38]

HISD lawyers filed acomplaint against the TEA in theUnited States District Court for the Western District of Texas on August 16 which claimed that school board members' rights were violated and that allegations were not fully investigated.[39] The lawsuit also argued that a state-appointed board would violate theCivil Rights Act, since a majority of voters in the district were people of color.[40]

The TEA'sfinal investigative report was released on October 30. The document included the district's response to the preliminary findings of the investigation, in which HISD lawyers wrote the following:

“

The findings presented in TEA’s Report are fundamentally flawed because they resulted from an investigation that began with a predetermined result. This meant that instead of conducting a fair and unbiased investigation, TEA’s investigators searched for a problem to use as a pretext for replacing Houston ISD’s elected Board of Trustees with an unelected board of managers.[41]

”
—Kevin O’Hanlon, Benjamin Castillo, and David Campbell, Special Counsel to Houston ISD[42]


The TEA's recommendation to replace the board remained the same. Hewitt concluded the following in the report's cover letter to the district:

“

Based on the findings and substantiation of Allegation One, Allegation Two, and Allegation Three, the SIU will recommend to the Commissioner of Education that the accreditation status of the district be lowered, a conservator be appointed, and a Board of Managers be installed in accordance with Tex. Educ. Code §39.057(d) to replace the existing board of trustees due to the HISD Board of Trustees’ demonstrated inability to appropriately govern, inability to operate within the scope of their authority by circumventing the authority of the superintendent, and inability to ensure proper contract procurement laws are followed.[41]

”
—Jason Hewitt, Special Investigations Unit, TEA[43]


Academic performance

According to preliminary ratings for the 2018-2019 school year, one HISD high school, Wheatley, received a failing grade for the seventh year in a row.[44][45] At the time, the district was under oversight from aconservator appointed by the TEA due to poor academic performance at various schools.[46][37]Texas House Bill 1842 required that the commissioner of education either close a school that received more than five consecutive failing grades or replace the district's board of education.[47] HISD received a waiver from state ratings for the 2017-2018 school year due to Hurricane Harvey.[44]

In a meeting on September 5, 2019, HISD board members voted 7-1 to instruct the interim superintendent, Grenita Lathan, to appeal the failing grade, withJolanda Jones voting against the appeal andRhonda Skillern-Jones not present. Carla Stevens, the district's assistant superintendent of research and accountability, stated, "We have tried really, really hard to find anything we can hang out [sic] hat on at Wheatley, and we cannot find anything that would be an allowable appeal that would be granted."[47] Lathan submitted the district'sappeal on September 13.[48] Morathdenied the appeal on November 5.[49]

Contact information

Houston ISD seal.gif
Houston Independent School District
4400 West 18th St.
Houston, TX 77092-8501
Phone: 713-556-6000

About school boards

Education legislation in Texas

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See also

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External links

Footnotes

  1. ↑Houston Landing, "Texas takeover of Houston ISD complete as Mike Miles named superintendent, board replaced," June 1, 2023
  2. ↑Houston Independent School District, "Jun 08, 2023 Special Board Meetings," June 8, 2023
  3. ↑LinkedIn, "Mike Miles," accessed July 10, 2023
  4. ↑Houston Independent School District, "Superintendent / Homepage," accessed March 26, 2021
  5. ↑HISD News Blog, "HISD Superintendent Richard Carranza accepts new role in NYC," March 5, 2018
  6. ↑Houston Chronicle, "Houston ISD superintendent Richard Carranza leaving for NYC’s top job after 18 months here," March 5, 2018
  7. ↑HISD News Blog, "Richard A. Carranza named HISD superintendent," August 18, 2016
  8. ↑HISD News Blog, "HISD Board of Education names Deputy Superintendent/CFO Ken Huewitt as interim leader of state’s largest district," February 17, 2016
  9. ↑Houston Chronicle, "Grier trailed by both acrimony and accolades," August 29, 2009
  10. ↑10.010.1Houston Independent School District, "Board Members - Elections," accessed March 26, 2021
  11. ↑Houston Independent School District, "Board Meetings - Public Participation," accessed January 18, 2024
  12. ↑National Center for Education Statistics, "Elementary/Secondary Information System," accessed October 6, 2025
  13. ↑Houston Independent School District, "2024–2025 Salary Tables," accessed April 22, 2025
  14. ↑Houston Independent School District, "HISD Compensation Tables," accessed February 4, 2024
  15. ↑Houston Independent School District, "HISD Compensation Tables," accessed March 26, 2021
  16. ↑U.S. Department of Education, Washington, DC: EDFacts, ""State Assessments in Reading/Language Arts and Mathematics- School Year 2018-19 EDFacts Data Documentation,"" accessed February 25, 2021
  17. ↑17.017.1Texas Education Agency, "Appointment of Board of Managers," accessed March 23, 2023
  18. ↑Houston Chronicle, "Meet Houston ISD's new board of managers, appointed by the state during takeover," accessed June 19, 2024
  19. ↑The Texas Tribune, "Texas Supreme Court clears way for state’s education agency to take over Houston ISD," January 13, 2023
  20. ↑The Texas Tribune, "State to take over Houston ISD by replacing school board and superintendent," November 6, 2019
  21. ↑KHOU11, "State announces plans to take over HISD after investigation reveals 'serious or persistent deficiencies,'" November 6, 2019
  22. ↑Community Impact, "Houston ISD ratings show progress, but school board could still be replaced," September 3, 2019
  23. ↑Texas Education Agency, "TEA Governance Return to Elected Trustee Control," accessed November 22, 2019
  24. ↑Houston Chronicle, "TEA notifies Houston ISD of intent to replace district’s elected school board," November 6, 2019
  25. ↑Houston Chronicle, "TEA to host community meetings on Houston ISD board takeover," November 8, 2019
  26. ↑Houston Chronicle, "HISD lawyers seek injunction to block TEA takeover, allow superintendent search," October 30, 2019
  27. ↑Houston Chronicle, "Federal judge dismisses HISD lawsuit aimed at stopping takeover," December 18, 2019
  28. ↑Texas Tribune, "Federal judge dismisses Houston ISD lawsuit seeking to avoid state takeover," December 19, 2019
  29. ↑The Texas Tribune, "State judge temporarily blocks Texas from taking over Houston school district," January 8, 2020
  30. ↑Houston Chronicle, "Austin judge temporarily blocks state takeover of HISD school board," January 8, 2020
  31. ↑Houston Chronicle, "TEA appeals injunction blocking it from taking over Houston ISD board," January 9, 2020
  32. ↑Click2Houston, "TEA still blocked from taking over HISD, appeals court rules," December 30, 2020
  33. ↑Houston Chronicle, "HISD board wins another legal battle in fight to stop state takeover," March 19, 2021
  34. ↑ABC13, "HISD's takeover by Texas education brass official," November 7, 2019
  35. ↑American Federation of Teachers, "Educators Question State Takeover of HISD," November 7, 2019
  36. ↑Houston Chronicle, "TEA official: State investigation into HISD could take months," April 6, 2019
  37. ↑37.037.1Houston Chronicle, "TEA investigative report cites misconduct, recommends replacement of HISD board," August 7, 2019
  38. ↑Houston Public Media, "From Secret Meetings To Free Meals: 10 Reasons Why TEA Is Recommending A State Takeover Of HISD," August 19, 2019
  39. ↑Houston Chronicle, "HISD board fires back at TEA in lawsuit, calls investigation 'one-sided,'" August 19, 2019
  40. ↑San Antonio Express-News, "Harlandale ISD lawyer sees voting rights as defense against TEA," September 13, 2019
  41. ↑41.041.1Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  42. ↑Houston Independent School District Special Accreditation Investigation, "Appendix 1: Houston ISD’s response to TEA’s preliminary report and request for informal review," October 30, 2019(page 7)
  43. ↑Texas Education Agency, "Dear President Davila and Interim Superintendent Lathan," October 30, 2019(page 3)
  44. ↑44.044.1The Texas Tribune, "Three Texas school districts face state penalties after getting failing grades. Look up your campus' A-F grade here," August 15, 2019
  45. ↑Houston Public Media, "Texas Education Commissioner Puts Houston, Other Districts On Notice For Failing Grades," September 3, 2019
  46. ↑AP, "State opens accreditation investigation of Houston ISD," January 23, 2019
  47. ↑47.047.1Houston Chronicle, "HISD board orders appeal of Wheatley's failing grade, bucking administration," September 5, 2019
  48. ↑Houston Public Media, "Houston District Appeals School’s Failing Grade, Likely Delaying State Decision On Potential Takeover," September 13, 2019
  49. ↑Houston Public Media, "State Denies HISD’s Appeal Of Wheatley’s ‘F’ Rating, Raising Chance Of State Takeover," November 5, 2019
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