Herbert Hoover

Republican Party

Prior offices:

President of the United States

Years in office: 1929 - 1933

Predecessor:Calvin Coolidge (R)

Successor:Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)

Education

Bachelor's

Stanford University

Personal

Religion

Quaker

Profession

Politician

Herbert Hoover (b. on August 10, 1874, inWest Branch, Iowa) was the 31st president of the United States. He served from 1929 to 1933. Hoover was a member of theRepublican Party. His vice president was Charles Curtis.

Hoover was president during the beginning of the Great Depression, which began with a stock market crash in October 1929.^[1] He lost his re-election bid to Democratic nomineeFranklin D. Roosevelt in 1932.

Prior to serving as president, Hoover worked as a mining engineer and businessman. He served as the director of the United States Food Administration during World War I and he led the American Relief Administration and oversaw the food deliveries in Europe and Soviet Russia after the war. Hoover later became the secretary of theU.S. Department of Commerce under PresidentWarren Harding (R) and PresidentCalvin Coolidge (R).^[2]

Following his presidency, Hoover wrote books, criticized Roosevelt's New Deal policies, assisted Democratic PresidentHarry Truman's international aid program after World War II, and chaired commissions for Truman and PresidentDwight Eisenhower (R) to reorganize the executive branch of the federal government in 1947 and 1953, respectively. He was 90 when he died on October 20, 1964.^[1]

Biography

Herbert Hoover was born in West Branch, Iowa. His father, Jessie, was a blacksmith and a Quaker who died from a heart attack when Herbert was six years old. His mother, Huldah, died from pneumonia when he was nine years old, which orphaned him and his siblings, Theodore and Mary. Herbert Hoover would eventually move to Oregon to live with his uncle on his mother's side, John Minthorn.^[3]

Hoover earned an undergraduate degree from Leland Stanford Junior University (also known as Stanford University) as part of its first graduating class in 1895. Hoover was married to Lou Henry Hoover, who he met at the university, from 1899 until her death in 1944. Together they had two sons: Herbert Jr. and Allan.^[2]

Elections

1932 presidential election

In 1932, Hoover lost toFranklin Delano Roosevelt (Democrat) in the general election for the United States presidency.

U.S. presidential election, 1932
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes	Electoral votes
	Democratic	Franklin Delano Roosevelt/John Nance Garner	57.4%	22,821,857	472
	Republican	Herbert Hoover/Charles CurtisIncumbent	39.7%	15,761,841	59
	Socialist	Norman Thomas/James H. Maurer	2.2%	884,781	0
	Communist	William Z. Foster/James W. Ford	0.3%	102,991	0
	Prohibition	William D. Upshaw/Frank S. Regan	0.2%	81,869	0
	Liberty	William H. Harvey/Frank Hemenway	0.1%	53,425	0
	Socialist Labor	Verne L. Reynolds/John W. Aiken	0.1%	33,276	0
Total Votes				39,740,040	531
Election results via:1932 official election results

1928 presidential election

In 1928, Hoover defeated Al Smith (Democrat), Norman Thomas (Socialist), William Z. Foster (Communist), Verne L. Reynolds (Socialist Labor), and William F. Varney (Prohibition) in the general election for the United States presidency.

U.S. presidential election, 1928
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes	Electoral votes
	Republican	Herbert Hoover/Charles Curtis	58.2%	21,392,190	444
	Democratic	Al Smith/Joseph Taylor Robinson	40.8%	15,016,443	87
	Socialist	Norman Thomas/James H. Maurer	0.7%	267,420	0
	Communist	William Z. Foster/Benjamin Gitlow	0.1%	48,770	0
	Socialist Labor	Verne L. Reynolds/Jeremiah D. Crowley	0.1%	21,603	0
	Prohibition	William F. Varney/James Edgerton	0.1%	20,106	0
Total Votes				36,766,532	531
Election results via:1928 official election results

State of the Union addresses

Every year in office, thepresident of the United States addressesCongress on the present state of affairs as well as the administration's goals for the coming year.^[4] Following are pages with information on Hoover's State of the Union addresses.

• Dec. 3, 1929
• Dec. 2, 1930
• Dec. 8, 1931
• Dec. 6, 1932

See also

• Franklin Delano Roosevelt
• Calvin Coolidge
• Iowa
• California
• Federal judges nominated by Herbert Hoover

External links

• Presidential Library and Museum website
• Official White House biography
• C-Span video on the Hoover presidency

Footnotes

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