Governor of New York
| New York Governor | |
 | |
| General information | |
| Office Type: | Partisan |
| Office website: | Official Link |
| Compensation: | $250,000 |
| 2025 FY Budget: | $23,303,000 |
| Term limits: | None |
| Structure | |
| Length of term: | 4 years |
| Authority: | New York Constitution, Article IV, Section I |
| Selection Method: | Elected |
| Current Officeholder(s) | |
Governor of New York Kathy Hochul | |
| Elections | |
| Next election: | 2026 |
| Last election: | 2022 |
| Other New York Executive Offices | |
| Governor •Lieutenant Governor •Secretary of State •Attorney General •Comptroller •Commissioner of Education •Agriculture Commissioner •Financial Services Superintendent •Environmental Conservation Commissioner•Labor Commissioner •Public Service Commission •Insurance | |
TheGovernor of the State of New York is an elected constitutional officer, the head of the executive branch and the highest state office inNew York. The governor is popularly elected every four years by a plurality and has no term limit.[1]
New York has a Democratictrifecta. The Democratic Party controls the office of governor and both chambers of the state legislature.
New York has a Democratictriplex. The Democratic Party controls the offices of governor, secretary of state, and attorney general.
Current officeholder
The current Governor of New York isKathy Hochul (D). Hochul assumed office in 2021.
Authority
Thestate Constitution addresses the office of the governor inArticle IV, the Executive Department.
Under Article IV, Section I:
The executive power shall be vested in the governor...[1] |
Qualifications
Candidates for the governor's office must be:
- a citizen of the United States
- at least 30 years old
- a resident of New York for at least five years prior to the election[1]
Vacancies
Details of vacancy appointments are addressed underArticle IV, Sections 5 and 6.
If a governor-elect declines to accept the office, the lieutenant governor-elect shall take office as the governor and serve the term. If the governor-elect fails to qualify or is temporarily unable to take the oath, the lieutenant governor-elect serves as the acting governor until the elected governor's disability is removed.
Thelieutenant governor also ascends to the office whenever there is a temporary or permanent vacancy during a governor's term.
In the event that the governor dies, resigns, or is removed, then the lieutenant governor becomes governor and serves the remainder of the term.
If the governor is absent, impeached, or unable to discharge the office, the lieutenant governor becomes acting governor until the disability is removed or until the term expires.
If both offices are vacant, a special election shall be held at the next general election, provided it is not less than three months from the date both offices became vacant. The office of the lieutenant governor may never be elected without a governor also being elected. If the office of the lieutenant governor alone is vacant, the Senate President Pro Tem serves as the temporary lieutenant governor.
In such an instance, the state Senate President Pro Tem shall serve as a temporary governor, followed by the state Speaker of the Assembly.
Duties
The governor charged with a number of responsibilities such as the preparation of thestate's budget, execution and enforcement of the state ofNew York laws, and Commander-in-Chief of New York's military and naval forces.
Other duties and privileges of the office include:
- Convening the Senate or the entire legislature for an extraordinary session (§ 3)
- Giving periodic addresses to the legislature on the state of the state (§ 3)
- Granting reprieves, pardons, and commutations for all offenses except treason and impeachment (§ 4)
- Vetoing bills, including appropriations, subject to a super majority override of the legislature (§ 7)[1]
Elections
New York elects governors in the midterm elections, that is, even years that are not presidential election years. For New York, 2018, 2022, 2026, 2030, and 2034 are all gubernatorial election years. Legally, the gubernatorial inauguration is always set for the first day in the January following an election.[1]
Term limits
New York governors do not face any term limits.[1]
Partisan composition
The chart below shows the partisan breakdown of New York governors from 1992 to 2013.
Election results
See also: New York gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2030
There are noofficial candidates yet for this election.
See also: New York gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2026
General election
The primary will occur on June 23, 2026. The general election will occur on November 3, 2026. General election candidates will be added here following the primary.
Democratic primary
Democratic primary for Governor of New York
IncumbentKathy Hochul (D) andJean Anglade (D) are running in the Democratic primary for Governor of New York on June 23, 2026.
Candidate | ||
 | Kathy Hochul | |
 | Jean Anglade | |
| Incumbents arebolded and underlined. | |||
 = candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Antonio Delgado (D)
Republican primary
Republican primary for Governor of New York
Bruce Blakeman (R) is running in the Republican primary for Governor of New York on June 23, 2026.
Candidate | ||
 | Bruce Blakeman | |
| There are noincumbents in this race. | |||
| = candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Elise Stefanik (R)
See also: New York gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2022
General election
General election for Governor of New York
IncumbentKathy Hochul (D / Working Families Party) defeatedLee Zeldin (R / Conservative Party) in the general election for Governor of New York on November 8, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Kathy Hochul (D / Working Families Party) | 53.1 | 3,140,415 |
 | Lee Zeldin (R / Conservative Party) | 46.7 | 2,762,581 | |
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.2% | 9,290 | ||
| Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source | Total votes: 5,912,286 | ||
| = candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- John Nistico (Constitutional Party)
- Larry Sharpe (L)
- Alex Zapesochny (Unite Party)
- Jumaane Williams (Working Families Party)
Democratic primary
Democratic primary for Governor of New York
IncumbentKathy Hochul (D) defeatedJumaane Williams (D) andTom Suozzi (D) in the Democratic primary for Governor of New York on June 28, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Kathy Hochul | 67.4 | 607,928 |
 | Jumaane Williams | 19.3 | 173,872 | |
 | Tom Suozzi | 13.0 | 116,972 | |
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.4% | 3,730 | ||
| Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source | Total votes: 902,502 | ||
| = candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Nicolae Bunea (D)
- Letitia James (D)
- Vladimy Joseph (D)
- Paul Nichols (D)
- Agha Muhammad Saleh (D)
Republican primary
Republican primary for Governor of New York
Lee Zeldin (R) defeatedAndrew Giuliani (R),Rob Astorino (R), andHarry Wilson (R) in the Republican primary for Governor of New York on June 28, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Lee Zeldin | 43.4 | 196,874 |
 | Andrew Giuliani | 22.8 | 103,267 | |
 | Rob Astorino | 18.6 | 84,464 | |
 | Harry Wilson | 14.7 | 66,736 | |
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.5% | 2,261 | ||
| There were noincumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source | Total votes: 453,602 | ||
| = candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Michael Carpinelli (R)
- Derrick Gibson (R)
- Kim Jarrett (R)
- Kris Lord (R)
- Skiboky Stora (R)
Conservative Party primary
The Conservative Party primary scheduled for June 28, 2022, was canceled.Lee Zeldin (Conservative Party) advanced from the Conservative Party primary for Governor of New York without appearing on the ballot.
Working Families Party primary
The Working Families Party primary scheduled for June 28, 2022, was canceled.Jumaane Williams (Working Families Party) advanced from the Working Families Party primary for Governor of New York without appearing on the ballot.
See also: New York gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2018
General election
General election for Governor of New York
IncumbentAndrew Cuomo (D / Working Families Party / Independence Party / Women's Equality Party) defeatedMarcus Molinaro (R / Conservative Party / Tax Revolt Party),Howie Hawkins (G),Larry Sharpe (L), andStephanie Miner (Serve America Movement Party) in the general election for Governor of New York on November 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ |  | Andrew Cuomo (D / Working Families Party / Independence Party / Women's Equality Party) | 59.6 | 3,635,340 |
 | Marcus Molinaro (R / Conservative Party / Tax Revolt Party) | 36.2 | 2,207,602 | |
 | Howie Hawkins (G) | 1.7 | 103,946 | |
 | Larry Sharpe (L) | 1.6 | 95,033 | |
 | Stephanie Miner (Serve America Movement Party) | 0.9 | 55,441 | |
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.1% | 7,115 | ||
| Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source | Total votes: 6,104,4770 | ||
| = candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Democratic primary
Democratic primary for Governor of New York
IncumbentAndrew Cuomo (D) defeatedCynthia Nixon (D) in the Democratic primary for Governor of New York on September 13, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Andrew Cuomo | 65.5 | 1,021,160 |
 | Cynthia Nixon | 34.5 | 537,192 | |
| Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source | Total votes: 1,558,3520 | ||
| = candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Greg Waltman (D)
Republican primary
The Republican primary scheduled for September 13, 2018, was canceled.Marcus Molinaro (R) advanced from the Republican primary for Governor of New York without appearing on the ballot.
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- John DeFrancisco (R)
- Pankaj Shah (R)
Conservative Party primary
The Conservative Party primary scheduled for September 13, 2018, was canceled.Marcus Molinaro (Conservative Party) advanced from the Conservative Party primary for Governor of New York without appearing on the ballot.
Green Party primary
The Green Party primary scheduled for September 13, 2018, was canceled.Howie Hawkins (G) advanced from the Green Party primary for Governor of New York without appearing on the ballot.
Reform Party primary
The Reform Party primary scheduled for September 13, 2018, was canceled.
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Joel Giambra (Reform Party)
Divisions
Note:Ballotpedia's state executive officials project researches state official websites for information that describes the divisions (if any exist) of a state executive office. That information for the Governor of New York has not yet been added. After extensive research we were unable to identify any relevant information on state official websites. If you have any additional information about this office for inclusion on this section and/or page, pleaseemail us.
State budget
Role in state budget
- See also:New York state budget and finances
New York operates on an annual budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[2]
- Budget instructions are sent to state agencies betweenAugust and September.
- State agencies submit budget requests inOctober and November.
- Agency hearings are held betweenOctober and November.
- Thegovernor submits his or her proposed budget to theNew York State Legislature inmid-January. The deadline isFebruary 1 in years following a gubernatorial election.
- The legislature adopts a budget inMarch. A simple majority is needed to pass a budget.
- The fiscal year begins inApril.
New York is one of 44 states in which the governor hasline item veto authority.[2][3]
The governor is constitutionally required to submit a balanced budget. In turn, the legislature is required by statute to pass a balanced budget.[2]
Governor's office budget
The budget for the executive chamber for the 2025 fiscal year is $23,303,000.[4]
Compensation
UnderArticle IV, Section 3 of theNew York Constitution the governor's salary is legally fixed by a joint resolution of the Senate and Assembly.
2023
In 2023, the officer's salary was $250,000, according to theCouncil of State Governments.[5]
2022
In 2022, the officer's salary was $250,000, according to theCouncil of State Governments.[6]
2021
In 2021, the governor received a salary of $225,000, according to theCouncil of State Governments.[7]
2020
In 2020, the governor received a salary of $225,000, according to theCouncil of State Governments.[8]
2019
In 2019, the governor received a salary of $200,000, according to theCouncil of State Governments.[9]
2018
In 2018, the governor received a salary of $179,000, according to theCouncil of State Governments.[10]
2017
In 2017, the governor received a salary of $179,000, according to theCouncil of State Governments. Gov.Cuomo voluntarily reduced his salary by 5 percent.[11][12]
2016
In 2016, the governor received a salary of $179,000, according to theCouncil of State Governments. Gov.Cuomo voluntarily reduced his salary by 5 percent.[11][13]
2015
In 2015, the governor received a salary of $179,000, according to theCouncil of State Governments. Gov.Cuomo voluntarily reduced his salary by 5 percent.[11][14]
2014
In 2014, the governor's salary was an estimated$179,000 according to theCouncil of State Governments. Gov.Cuomo voluntarily reduced his salary by 5 percent.[11][15] Gov.Cuomo (D) voluntarily reduced his salary by 5 percent.[11]
2013
In 2013, the governor's salary remained at$179,000. Gov.Cuomo voluntarily reduced his salary by 5 percent.[11]
History
Partisan balance 1992-2013
From 1992-2013, in New York there were Democratic governors in office for 10 years, including the last seven, while there were Republican governors in office for 12 years.
Across the country, there were 493 years of Democratic governors (44.82%) and 586 years of Republican governors (53.27%) from 1992 to 2013.
Over the course of the 22-year study, state governments became increasingly more partisan. At the outset of the study period (1992), 18 of the 49 states with partisan legislatures had single-party trifectas and 31 states had divided governments. In 2013, only 13 states had divided governments, while single-party trifectas held sway in 36 states, the most in the 22 years studied.
The chart below shows the partisan composition of theOffice of the Governor of New York, theNew York State Senate and theNew York State Assembly from 1992 to 2013.
.PNG)
SQLI and partisanship
The chart below depicts the partisanship of the New York state government and the state's SQLI ranking for the years studied. For the SQLI, the states were ranked from 1-50, with 1 being the best and 50 the worst. New York experienced a Democratic trifecta from 2009-2010. During half the years of the study, New York was ranked in the bottom-10. Its lowest ranking, finishing 43rd, occurred from 2005-2006, during a divided government. Its best ranking also occurred during a divided government, finishing 32nd in 2011.
Historical officeholders
There have been 56 Governors of New York since 1777. Of the 56 officeholders, 18 were Republican, 23 were Democrat, five were Democratic-Republican, five were Jeffersonian-Republican, three were Whigs, one was Federalist, and one was Union.[16]
| List of officeholders from 1777-present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Name | Tenure | Party | ||
| 1 | George Clinton | 1777 - 1795 | Democratic-Republican | ||
| 2 | John Jay | 1795 - 1801 | Federalist | ||
| 1 | George Clinton | 1801 - 1804 | Democratic-Republican | ||
| 3 | Morgan Lewis | 1804 - 1807 | Democratic-Republican | ||
| 4 | Daniel D. Tompkins | 1807 - 1817 | Jeffersonian-Republican | ||
| 5 | John Tayler | 1817 - 1817 | Democratic-Republican | ||
| 6 | Dewitt Clinton | 1817 - 1823 | Democratic-Republican | ||
| 7 | Joseph Christopher Yates | 1823 - 1825 | Jeffersonian Republican | ||
| 6 | Dewitt Clinton | 1825 - 1828 | Democratic-Republican | ||
| 8 | Nathaniel Pitcher | 1828 - 1829 | Democratic-Republican | ||
| 9 | Martin Van Buren | 1829 | Jeffersonian-Republican | ||
| 10 | Enos Thompson Throop | 1829 - 1833 | Jeffersonian-Republican | ||
| 11 | William Learned Marcy | 1833 - 1839 | Jeffersonian Republican | ||
| 12 | William Henry Seward | 1839 - 1843 | Whig | ||
| 13 | William C. Bouck | 1843 - 1845 |  Democratic | ||
| 14 | Silas Wright | 1845 - 1847 | Democratic | ||
| 15 | John Young | 1847 - 1849 | Whig | ||
| 16 | Hamilton Fish | 1849 - 1851 | Whig | ||
| 17 | Washington Hunt | 1851 - 1853 | Democratic | ||
| 18 | Horatio Seymour | 1853 - 1855 | Democratic | ||
| 19 | Myron Holley Clark | 1855 - 1857 |  Republican | ||
| 20 | John Alsop King | 1857 - 1859 | Republican | ||
| 21 | Edwin Denison Morgan | 1859 - 1863 | Republican | ||
| 18 | Horatio Seymour | 1863 - 1865 | Democratic | ||
| 22 | Reuben Eaton Fenton | 1865 - 1869 | Union | ||
| 23 | John Thompson Hoffman | 1869 - 1873 | Democratic | ||
| 24 | John Adams Dix | 1872 - 1874 | Republican | ||
| 25 | Samuel Jones Tilden | 1875 - 1877 | Democratic | ||
| 26 | Lucius Robinson | 1877 - 1880 | Democratic | ||
| 27 | Alonzo Barton Cornell | 1880 - 1883 | Republican | ||
| 28 | Steven Grover Cleveland | 1883 - 1885 | Democratic | ||
| 29 | David Bennett Hill | 1885 - 1892 | Democratic | ||
| 30 | Roswell Pettibone Flower | 1892 - 1895 | Democratic | ||
| 31 | Levi P. Morton | 1895 - 1897 | Republican | ||
| 32 | Frank Swett Black | 1897 - 1899 | Republican | ||
| 33 | Theodore Roosevelt | 1899 - 1901 | Republican | ||
| 34 | Benjamin Baker Odell | 1901 - 1905 | Republican | ||
| 35 | Francis Wayland Higgins | 1905 - 1907 | Republican | ||
| 36 | Charles Evans Hughes | 1907 - 1910 | Republican | ||
| 37 | Horace White | 1910 - 1911 | Republican | ||
| 38 | John Alden Dix | 1910 - 1912 | Democratic | ||
| 39 | William Sulzer | 1913 - 1913 | Democratic | ||
| 40 | Martin Henry Glynn | 1913 - 1915 | Democratic | ||
| 41 | Charles Seymour Whitman | 1915 - 1919 | Republican | ||
| 42 | Alfred Emanuel Smith | 1919 - 1921 | Democratic | ||
| 43 | Nathan Lewis Miller | 1921 - 1923 | Republican | ||
| 42 | Alfred Emanuel Smith | 1923 - 1929 | Democratic | ||
| 44 | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | 1929 - 1933 | Democratic | ||
| 45 | Herbert Henry Lehman | 1933 - 1942 | Democratic | ||
| 46 | Charles Poletti | 1942 - 1943 | Democratic | ||
| 47 | Thomas Edmund Dewey | 1943 - 1955 | Republican | ||
| 48 | William Averell Harriman | 1955 - 1959 | Democratic | ||
| 49 | Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller | 1959 - 1973 | Republican | ||
| 50 | Malcolm Wilson | 1973 - 1975 | Republican | ||
| 51 | Hugh Leo Carey | 1974 - 1982 | Democratic | ||
| 52 | Mario Matthew Cuomo | 1983 - 1995 | Democratic | ||
| 53 | George Pataki | 1995 - 2007 | Republican | ||
| 54 | Eliot Spitzer | 2007 - 2008 | Democratic | ||
| 55 | David Paterson | 2008 - 2011 | Democratic | ||
| 56 | Andrew Cuomo | 2011 - present | Democratic | ||
State profile
| Demographic data for New York | ||
|---|---|---|
| New York | U.S. | |
| Total population: | 19,747,183 | 316,515,021 |
| Land area (sq mi): | 47,126 | 3,531,905 |
| Race and ethnicity** | ||
| White: | 64.6% | 73.6% |
| Black/African American: | 15.6% | 12.6% |
| Asian: | 8% | 5.1% |
| Native American: | 0.4% | 0.8% |
| Pacific Islander: | 0% | 0.2% |
| Two or more: | 2.9% | 3% |
| Hispanic/Latino: | 18.4% | 17.1% |
| Education | ||
| High school graduation rate: | 85.6% | 86.7% |
| College graduation rate: | 34.2% | 29.8% |
| Income | ||
| Median household income: | $59,269 | $53,889 |
| Persons below poverty level: | 18.5% | 11.3% |
| Source:U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015) Clickhere for more information on the 2020 census andhere for more on its impact on the redistricting process in New York. **Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the censushere. | ||
Presidential voting pattern
New Yorkvoted for the Democratic candidate in all seven presidential elections between 2000 and 2024.
Pivot Counties (2016)
Ballotpedia identified 206 counties that voted forDonald Trump (R) in 2016 after voting forBarack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012. Collectively, Trump won thesePivot Counties by more than 580,000 votes. Of these 206 counties, 18 are located in New York, accounting for 8.74 percent of the total pivot counties.[17]
Pivot Counties (2020)
In2020, Ballotpedia re-examined the 206 Pivot Counties to view their voting patterns following that year's presidential election. Ballotpedia defined those won by Trump won asRetained Pivot Counties and those won byJoe Biden (D) asBoomerang Pivot Counties. Nationwide, there were 181 Retained Pivot Counties and 25 Boomerang Pivot Counties. New York had 14 Retained Pivot Counties and four Boomerang Pivot Counties, accounting for 7.73 and 16.00 percent of all Retained and Boomerang Pivot Counties, respectively.
More New York coverage on Ballotpedia
- Elections in New York
- United States congressional delegations from New York
- Public policy in New York
- Endorsers in New York
- New York fact checks
- More...
Contact information
Kathy Hochul
Governor of New York State
NYS State Capitol Building
Albany, NY 12224
Phone: 1-518-474-8390
See also
External links
Footnotes
- ↑1.01.11.21.31.41.5New York State Department of State, "New York State Constitution," accessed January 18, 2021
- ↑2.02.12.2National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
- ↑National Conference of State Legislatures, "Separation of Powers: Executive Veto Powers," accessed January 26, 2024
- ↑New York State Division of the Budget, "Fiscal Year 2025 Enacted Budget Financial Plan," accessed January 22, 2025
- ↑Council of State Governments, "Book of the States 2023 Table 4.11: Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries," accessed January 21, 2025
- ↑Council of State Governments, "Book of the States 2022 Table 4.11: Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries," provided to Ballotpedia by CSG personnel
- ↑Issuu, "The Book of the States 2021," accessed September 28, 2022
- ↑Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2020," accessed January 18, 2021
- ↑Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2019," accessed January 18, 2021
- ↑Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2018," accessed January 18, 2021
- ↑11.011.111.211.311.411.5Council of State Governments, "CSG Releases 2013 Governor Salaries," June 25, 2013
- ↑Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2017," accessed January 18, 2021
- ↑Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2016," accessed January 18, 2021
- ↑Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2015," accessed January 18, 2021
- ↑Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries," accessed January 18, 2021
- ↑New York State, "Hall of Governors," accessed January 18, 2021
- ↑The raw data for this study was provided by Dave Leip ofAtlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.
