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Georgia State Senate

From Ballotpedia
Georgia State Senate
SLP-Infobox Image-Color.png
General Information
Party control:  Republican
Session start:  January 12, 2026
Session end:  April 2, 2026
Term length:  2 years
Term limits:  None
Redistricting:  Legislature-dominant
Salary:  $17,342/year + per diem
Members
Total:  56
Democrats:  23
Republicans:  31
Other:  0
Vacancies:  2
Leadership
President:  Burt Jones (R)
Maj. Leader:  Jason Anavitarte (R)
Min. Leader:  Harold V. Jones II (D)
Elections
Last election:  November 5, 2024
Next election:  November 3, 2026


TheGeorgia State Senate is theupper chamber of theGeorgia General Assembly. Alongside theGeorgia House of Representatives, it forms the legislative branch of the Georgia state government and works alongside thegovernor of Georgia to create laws and establish a state budget. Legislative authority and responsibilities of the Georgia State Senate include passing bills on public policy matters, setting levels for state spending, raising and lowering taxes, and voting to uphold or override gubernatorial vetoes.

The Georgia State Senate meets in the state capitol building inAtlanta, Georgia.

  • All 56 Georgia Senate seats are up for election in2026.
  • All 56 Georgia Senate seats were up for election in2024. The chamber's Republican majority remained 33-23.
  • Georgia has a Republicantrifecta. The Republican Party controls the office of governor and both chambers of the state legislature.
  • This page contains the following information on the Georgia State Senate.

    Contents

    Party control

    Current partisan control

    The table below shows the partisan breakdown of the Georgia State Senate as of February 2026:

    Partisan composition, Georgia State Senate
    As of February 2026
    PartyMembers
    Democratic23
    Republican31
    Other0
    Vacancies2
    Total56

    Members

    Leadership

    Thelieutenant governor serves as president of the Senate.[1]

    Leadership and members


    OfficeNamePartyDate assumed office
    Georgia State Senate District 1Ben WatsonRepublicanJanuary 12, 2015
    Georgia State Senate District 2Derek MallowDemocraticJanuary 9, 2023
    Georgia State Senate District 3Mike HodgesRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Georgia State Senate District 4Billy HickmanRepublicanAugust 21, 2020
    Georgia State Senate District 5Sheikh RahmanDemocraticJanuary 14, 2019
    Georgia State Senate District 6Matt BrassRepublicanJanuary 13, 2025
    Georgia State Senate District 7Nabilah Islam ParkesDemocraticJanuary 9, 2023
    Georgia State Senate District 8Russ GoodmanRepublicanJanuary 11, 2021
    Georgia State Senate District 9Nikki MerrittDemocraticJanuary 11, 2021
    Georgia State Senate District 10Emanuel JonesDemocratic2005
    Georgia State Senate District 11Sam WatsonRepublicanFebruary 6, 2023
    Georgia State Senate District 12Freddie SimsDemocraticJanuary 12, 2009
    Georgia State Senate District 13Carden SummersRepublicanMarch 9, 2020
    Georgia State Senate District 14Josh McLaurinDemocraticJanuary 9, 2023
    Georgia State Senate District 15Ed HarbisonDemocratic1993
    Georgia State Senate District 16Marty HarbinRepublicanJanuary 12, 2015
    Georgia State Senate District 17Gail DavenportDemocraticJanuary 13, 2025
    Georgia State Senate District 18Vacant
    Georgia State Senate District 19Blake TilleryRepublicanJanuary 9, 2017
    Georgia State Senate District 20Larry WalkerRepublicanDecember 18, 2015
    Georgia State Senate District 21Jason DickersonRepublicanOctober 14, 2025
    Georgia State Senate District 22Harold JonesDemocraticJanuary 12, 2015
    Georgia State Senate District 23Max BurnsRepublicanJanuary 11, 2021
    Georgia State Senate District 24Lee AndersonRepublicanJanuary 9, 2017
    Georgia State Senate District 25Ricky WilliamsRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Georgia State Senate District 26David Lucas Sr.DemocraticJanuary 14, 2013
    Georgia State Senate District 27Greg DolezalRepublicanJanuary 14, 2019
    Georgia State Senate District 28Donzella JamesDemocraticJanuary 13, 2025
    Georgia State Senate District 29Randy RobertsonRepublicanJanuary 14, 2019
    Georgia State Senate District 30Tim BeardenRepublicanFebruary 21, 2024
    Georgia State Senate District 31Jason AnavitarteRepublicanJanuary 11, 2021
    Georgia State Senate District 32Kay KirkpatrickRepublicanJune 2, 2017
    Georgia State Senate District 33Michael RhettDemocraticJanuary 12, 2015
    Georgia State Senate District 34Kenya WicksDemocraticJanuary 13, 2025
    Georgia State Senate District 35Jaha HowardDemocraticDecember 31, 2025
    Georgia State Senate District 36Nan OrrockDemocratic2007
    Georgia State Senate District 37Ed SetzlerRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Georgia State Senate District 38Rashaun KempDemocraticJanuary 13, 2025
    Georgia State Senate District 39Sonya HalpernDemocraticJanuary 11, 2021
    Georgia State Senate District 40Sally HarrellDemocraticJanuary 14, 2019
    Georgia State Senate District 41Kim JacksonDemocraticJanuary 11, 2021
    Georgia State Senate District 42Brian StricklandRepublicanJanuary 13, 2025
    Georgia State Senate District 43Tonya AndersonDemocraticJanuary 9, 2017
    Georgia State Senate District 44Elena ParentDemocraticJanuary 13, 2025
    Georgia State Senate District 45Clint DixonRepublicanJanuary 11, 2021
    Georgia State Senate District 46Bill CowsertRepublican2007
    Georgia State Senate District 47Frank GinnRepublicanJanuary 10, 2011
    Georgia State Senate District 48Shawn StillRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Georgia State Senate District 49Drew EcholsRepublicanJanuary 13, 2025
    Georgia State Senate District 50Bo HatchettRepublicanJanuary 11, 2021
    Georgia State Senate District 51Steve GoochRepublicanJanuary 10, 2011
    Georgia State Senate District 52Chuck HufstetlerRepublicanJanuary 14, 2013
    Georgia State Senate District 53Vacant
    Georgia State Senate District 54Chuck PayneRepublicanJanuary 18, 2017
    Georgia State Senate District 55Randal ManghamDemocraticJanuary 13, 2025
    Georgia State Senate District 56John AlbersRepublicanJanuary 10, 2011


    Salaries

    See also:Comparison of state legislative salaries
    State legislative salaries, 2025[2]
    SalaryPer diem
    $25,315.32/year$247/day

    Swearing in dates

    See also:When state legislators assume office after a general election

    Georgia legislators assume office the second Monday in January.[3]

    Membership qualifications

    See also:State legislature candidate requirements by state

    Paragraph 3 of Section 2 of Article 3 of theGeorgia Constitution states, "At the time of their election, the members of the Senate shall be citizens of the United States, shall be at least 25 years of age, shall have been citizens of this state for at least two years, and shall have been legal residents of the territory embraced within the district from which elected for at least one year."[4]

    GA Code § 21-2-8 states that an individual cannot hold public office if they are "not a qualified voter entitled to vote."[5]


    Historical party control

    Republicans won control of the Georgia State Senate in 2002. In2024, they won a 33-23 majority.

    The table below shows the partisan history of the Georgia Senate following every general election from 1992 to 2024. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin'sParty Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.

    Georgia State Senate election results: 1992-2024

    Year'92'94'96'98'00'02'04'06'08'10'12'14'16'18'20'22'24
    Democrats4135343432262222222018181821222323
    Republicans1521222224303434343638383835343333

    Before 1992

    Democrats had controlled the Georgia Senate since the end of the Civil War and Reconstruction.


    Trifecta history

    Astate government trifecta is a term that describes single party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Between 1992 and 2023, Georgia was under the following types of trifecta control:

    • Democratic trifecta: 1992-2002
    • Republican trifecta: 2005-2023
    • Divided government: 2003-2004

    Georgia Party Control: 1992-2026
    Eleven years of Democratic trifectas  •  Twenty-two years of Republican trifectas
    Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

    Year9293949596979899000102030405060708091011121314151617181920212223242526
    GovernorDDDDDDDDDDDRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
    SenateDDDDDDDDDDDRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
    HouseDDDDDDDDDDDDDRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR


    Elections

    Elections by year

    Georgia state senators servetwo-year terms, with all seats up for election every two years. Georgia holds elections for its legislature in even years.

    2026

    See also:Georgia State Senate elections, 2026

    Elections for theGeorgia State Senate will take place in 2026. The general election is onNovember 3, 2026. The primary isMay 19, 2026, and the primary runoff isJune 16, 2026. The general election runoff is December 1, 2026. The filing deadline isMarch 6, 2026.

    2024

    See also:Georgia State Senate elections, 2024

    Elections for theGeorgia State Senate took place in 2024. The general election was onNovember 5, 2024. The primary wasMay 21, 2024, and the primary runoff wasJune 18, 2024. The general runoff wasDecember 3, 2024. The filing deadline wasMarch 8, 2024.

    In the 2024 elections, Republicans maintained their 33-23 majority in the Georgia State Senate.

    Georgia State Senate
    PartyAs of November 5, 2024After November 6, 2024
        Democratic Party2323
        Republican Party3333
    Total5656

    2022

    See also:Georgia State Senate elections, 2022

    Elections for theGeorgia State Senate took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for May 24, 2022, and a primary runoff was scheduled for June 21, 2022. A general runoff election was scheduled for December 6, 2022. The filing deadline was March 11, 2022.

    In the 2022 elections, the Republican majority in the Georgia State Senate was reduced from 34-22 to 32-23.[6]

    Georgia State Senate
    PartyAs of November 8, 2022After November 9, 2022
        Democratic Party2223
        Republican Party3432
        Vacancy01
    Total5656

    2020

    See also:Georgia State Senate elections, 2020

    Elections for the office ofGeorgia State Senate took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for June 9, 2020, and a primary runoff was scheduled for August 11, 2020. A runoff election was scheduled for December 1, 2020. The filing deadline was March 6, 2020.

    In the 2020 elections, the Republican majority in the Georgia State Senate was reduced from 35-21 to 34-22.

    Georgia State Senate
    PartyAs of November 3, 2020After November 4, 2020
        Democratic Party2122
        Republican Party3534
    Total5656

    2018

    See also:Georgia State Senate elections, 2018

    Elections for theGeorgia State Senate took place in 2018. An open primary election took place on May 22, 2018, and a primary runoff election took place on July 24, 2018. The general election was held on November 6, 2018. A general election runoff was scheduled for December 4, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was March 9, 2018.[7]

    In the 2018 elections, the Republican majority in the Georgia State Senate was reduced from 37-19 to 35-21.

    Georgia State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party1921
        Republican Party3735
    Total5656

    2016

    See also:Georgia State Senate elections, 2016

    Elections for theGeorgia State Senate took place in 2016. The primary election took place on May 24, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was March 11, 2016. All56 seats in theGeorgia State Senate were up for election in 2016.

    Heading into the election, Republicans held a 39-17 majority. Republicans lost one seat in the election, giving them a 38-18 majority.

    Georgia State Senate
    PartyAs of November 7, 2016After November 8, 2016
        Democratic Party1718
        Republican Party3938
    Total5656
    Click [show] to see election information dating back to 2000

    2014

    See also:Georgia State Senate elections, 2014

    Elections for theGeorgia State Senate took place in 2014. A primary election took place on May 20, 2014, with a runoff election taking place where necessary on July 22, 2014. The general election was held onNovember 4, 2014. Thesignature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was March 7, 2014. All 56 Senate seats were up for election in 2014.

    Heading into the election, Republicans held a 38-18 majority. No partisan change occurred in the election.

    Georgia State Senate
    PartyAs of November 3, 2014After November 4, 2014
        Democratic Party1818
        Republican Party3838
    Total5656

    2012

    See also:Georgia State Senate elections, 2012

    Elections for the office of Georgia State Senate took place in 2012. The primary election was held on July 31, 2012, and the general election was held onNovember 6, 2012. The candidate filing deadline was May 25, 2012. All 56 Senate seats were up for election in 2012.

    Heading into the election, Republicans held a 36-20 majority. Republicans gained two seats in the election, giving them a 38-18 majority.

    Georgia State Senate
    PartyAs of November 5, 2012After the 2012 Election
        Democratic Party2018
        Republican Party3638
    Total5656

    The table below details the 10 districts with the smallest margin of victory in the November 6 general election in 2012.

    2012 Margin of Victory, Georgia State Senate
    DistrictWinnerMargin of VictoryTotal VotesTop Opponent
    District 6Republican PartyHunter Hill5.6%71,235Doug Stoner
    District 23Republican PartyJesse Stone19%66,438Robert Ingham
    District 9Republican PartyDon Balfour23.6%75,177Scott Drake
    District 8Republican PartyTim Golden24.1%58,799Bikram Mohanty
    District 17Republican PartyRick Jeffares25.5%74,998Nelva Lee
    District 25Republican PartyBurt Jones27.4%70,367Darrell Black
    District 56Republican PartyJohn Albers34.5%71,583Akhtar Sadiq
    District 47Republican PartyFrank Ginn34.9%61,622Tim Riley
    District 26Democratic PartyDavid E. Lucas, Sr.36.6%62,479Bobby Gale
    District 7Republican PartyTyler Harper43.1%56,072Donald Mitchell

    2010

    See also:Georgia State Senate elections, 2010

    Elections for the office of Georgia State Senate took place in 2010. The primary election was held on July 20, 2010, and the general election was held onNovember 2, 2010. The candidate filing deadline was June 21, 2010. All 56 Senate seats were up for election in 2010.

    Heading into the election, Republicans held a 34-22 majority. Republicans gained two seats in the election, giving them a 36-20 majority.

    Georgia State Senate
    PartyAs of November 1, 2010After the 2010 Election
        Democratic Party2220
        Republican Party3436
    Total5656


    In 2010, the total amount of contributions raised in Senate campaigns was $8,052,144. The top 10 donors were:[8]

    2010 Donors, Georgia State Senate
    DonorAmount
    Sibold, James$156,212
    Miller, Butch$120,000
    Albers, John$103,701
    Georgia Trial Lawyers Association$88,350
    Georgia Dental Association$65,950
    Georgia Association of Realtors$64,550
    Blank (Uncoded)$50,514
    Blue Cross Blue Shield of Georgia$49,550
    Independend Insurance Agents of Georgia$48,350
    Georgia Alliance of Community Hospitals$46,000

    2008

    See also:Georgia State Senate elections, 2008

    Elections for the office of Georgia State Senate consisted of a primary election on July 15, 2008, and a general election on November 4, 2008. All 56 Senate seats were up for election in 2008.

    During the 2008 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $6,636,658. The top 10 contributors were:[9]

    2008 Donors, Georgia State Senate
    DonorAmount
    Georgia Association of Realtors$99,150
    Georgia Trial Lawyers Association$96,000
    Georgia Medical Association$84,050
    Jones, Emanuel D$80,746
    Georgia Dental Association$70,100
    Home Builders Association of Georgia$68,500
    Georgia Hospital Association$64,900
    Hospital Corp of America$63,000
    Independent Insurance Agents of Georgia$58,837
    Georgia Alliance of Community Hospitals$57,000

    2006

    See also:Georgia State Senate elections, 2006

    Elections for the office of Georgia State Senate consisted of a primary election on July 19, 2006, and a general election on November 7, 2006. All 56 Senate seats were up for election in 2006.

    During the 2006 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $9,986,678. The top 10 contributors were:[10]

    2006 Donors, Georgia State Senate
    DonorAmount
    Moody, Dan A$202,000
    Musselwhite, Mark$121,450
    Georgia Trial Lawyers Association$103,500
    Hawkins, Lee$100,000
    Georgia Association of Realtors$87,800
    Home Builders Association of Georgia$80,000
    Georgia Hospital Association$75,750
    Georgia Dental Association$72,900
    Thompson, Steve$63,800
    Thompson, Stephen P$63,187

    2004

    See also:Georgia State Senate elections, 2004

    Elections for the office of Georgia State Senate consisted of a primary election on July 20, 2004, and a general election on November 2, 2004. All 56 Senate seats were up for election in 2004.

    During the 2004 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $14,444,474. The top 10 contributors were:[11]

    2004 Donors, Georgia State Senate
    DonorAmount
    Cooper, Lance A$233,000
    Goggans, Greg$191,500
    Georgia Trial Lawyers Association$153,250
    Pearson Jr, Eugene E$152,000
    Kaye, Mitchell Adam$150,000
    Staton Jr, Cecil P$116,000
    Georgia Medical Association$105,250
    Bonner, Bill$101,200
    Rogers, William$95,972
    Georgia Association of Realtors$86,850

    2002

    See also:Georgia State Senate elections, 2002

    Elections for the office of Georgia State Senate consisted of a primary election on August 20, 2002, and a general election on November 5, 2002. All 56 Senate seats were up for election in 2002.

    During the 2002 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $11,060,487. The top 10 contributors were:[12]

    2002 Donors, Georgia State Senate
    DonorAmount
    Unterman, Renee S$549,199
    Moody, Dan$470,119
    Stevens, Joyce C$404,284
    Georgia Trial Lawyers Association$111,000
    Georgia Medical Association$105,250
    Harding, Price$100,386
    Georgia Dental Association$71,650
    Georgia Association Of Realtors$70,350
    Hall, Randy$64,417
    Georgia Apartment Association$61,300

    2000

    See also:Georgia State Senate elections, 2000

    Elections for the office of Georgia State Senate consisted of a primary election on July 18, 2000, and a general election on November 7, 2000. All 56 Senate seats were up for election in 2000.

    During the 2000 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $7,534,666. The top 10 contributors were:[13]

    2000 Donors, Georgia State Senate
    DonorAmount
    Morris, Art$215,000
    Mitnick, John$80,000
    Georgia Medical Association$68,350
    Georgia Association of Realtors$58,700
    Georgia Hospital Association$52,550
    Builders PAC$50,425
    Georgia Optometric Association$49,750
    Georgia Republican Senatorial Trust$48,202
    Georgia Association of Educators$46,300
    Lindsey Jr, Edward H$41,797

    Vacancies

    See also:How vacancies are filled in state legislatures

    If there is a vacancy in theGeorgia General Assembly, the vacant seat must be filled by a special election. If the vacancy occurs during a legislative session, thegovernor must declare a special election no later than 10 days after the vacancy happens. If the vacancy occurs after the regular legislative session held during the first year of the term of office for members, the governor may order a special election at any time but no later than 60 days before the November general election. If the vacancy occurs between 60 days before the November general election and the next legislative session, the governor is required to order a special election within 10 days.[14]

    The special election must be held no less than 30 days and no later than 60 days after the governor calls for the election. The counties representing the vacant district are responsible for conducting the election.[14]

    DocumentIcon.jpgSee sources:Georgia Code § 21-2-544

    District map

    See also:Georgia state legislative districts

    The state of Georgia has 56 state Senate districts. Each district elects one senator.

    Use the interactive map below to find your district.



    Redistricting

    See also:Redistricting in Georgia

    In Georgia, both congressional and state legislative district lines are drawn by the state legislature. A simple majority in each chamber is required to approve redistricting plans, which are subject to veto by thegovernor.[15]

    TheGeorgia Constitution requires that state legislative districts be contiguous. There are no similar requirements for congressional districts.[15][16]

    2020

    See also:Redistricting in Georgia after the 2020 census

    Thedistrict court's approval of remedial state legislative maps was appealed to theEleventh Circuit Court of Appeals. Oral argument was held on January 23, 2025.[17]

    Governor Kemp (R) signed revised legislative maps into law on December 8, 2023. Legislators in the Georgia House of Representatives voted 98-71 to adopt the new state legislative maps on December 5. The Georgia State Senate voted 32-23 to adopt the state legislative maps on December 1. For more information about the enacted legislative maps,click here.[18][19]

    On October 26, 2023, the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia ruled that the state's congressional and legislative district boundaries violated the Voting Rights Act and enjoined the state from using them for future elections.[20] The court directed theGeorgia General Assembly to develop new maps by December 8, 2023.[20]

    On December 28, 2023, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District upheld the maps enacted on December 8 and found them in compliance with the Voting Rights Act.

    The Court finds that the General Assembly fully complied with this Court’s order requiring the creation of Black-majority districts in the regions of the State where vote dilution was found. Hence, the Court overrules Plaintiffs’ objections (Doc. No. [354]) and hereby approves SB 1EX and HB 1EX.[21][22]

    District map after 2020 redistricting

    Below is the state Senate map in effect before and after the 2020 redistricting cycle. The map on the right was in effect for Georgia’s 2024 state legislative elections.

    Georgia State Senate Districts
    before 2020 redistricting cycle

    Click a district to compare boundaries.

    Georgia State Senate Districts
    after 2020 redistricting cycle

    Click a district to compare boundaries.


    2010

    See also:Redistricting in Georgia after the 2010 census

    On March 16, 2011, the Census Bureau shipped Georgia's local census data to the governor and legislative leaders. The census data showed that the state's population had increased 18.3% between 2000 and 2010, growing to over 9.7 million residents. On August 12, 2011,Republicans released their legislative redistricting plans, and on August 16, 2011, both legislative redistricting plans cleared the House and Senate redistricting committees. The House and Senate approved their respective redistricting plans on August 18. Both chambers approved the other's plan on August 23, with the Senate voting 36-16 to approve, and the House voting 104-56 to approve.[23][24] GovernorNathan Deal signed the maps into law on August 24, 2011, and the Department of Justice pre-cleared the maps on December 23, 2011.

    Sessions

    Legislation

    The legislation tracker below displays all legislation that the Georgia State Senate has approved in its most recent legislative session—this includes legislation that has been sent from the Senate to the House and legislation that has already been approved by both chambers and signed by the governor. The table below includes the bill number, its name, progress, most recent action date, and sponsor. Scroll up and down and side to side to see more. Click the bill number to read the bill text and see its voting history. Click the headings to sort the content. Rearrange the order of the headings by clicking and dragging them. Click the magnifying glass in the bottom left corner to search for specific terms. The legislation tracker is maintained and updated byBillTrack50.

    Dates of legislative sessions in Georgia by year

    2025

    See also:2025 Georgia legislative session andDates of 2025 state legislative sessions

    In 2025, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 13, 2025, and adjourn on April 4, 2025.


    Click [show] for past years' session dates.

    2024

    See also:2024 Georgia legislative session andDates of 2024 state legislative sessions

    In 2024, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 8, 2024, and adjourn on March 28, 2024.

    2023

    See also:2023 Georgia legislative session andDates of 2023 state legislative sessions

    In 2023, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 9, 2023, and adjourn on March 29, 2023.

    2022

    See also:2022 Georgia legislative session andDates of 2022 state legislative sessions

    In 2022, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 10, 2022, and adjourn on April 4, 2022.

    2021

    See also:2021 Georgia legislative session andDates of 2021 state legislative sessions

    In 2021, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 11, 2021, and adjourn on March 31, 2021.

    2020

    See also:2020 Georgia legislative session andDates of 2020 state legislative sessions

    In 2020, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 13, 2020, and adjourn on June 26, 2020.

    Effect of coronavirus pandemic
    See also:Changes to state legislative session dates in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020
    Covid vnt.png
    Coronavirus pandemic
    Select a topic from the dropdown below to learn more.


    Several state legislatures had their sessions impacted as a result of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. TheGeorgia State Legislature suspended its session, effective March 14, 2020, through June 15, 2020. The legislature adjourned on June 26, 2020.[25][26]

    2019

    See also:2019 Georgia legislative session andDates of 2019 state legislative sessions

    In 2019, the legislature was in session from January 14, 2019, through April 2, 2019.

    2018

    See also:2018 Georgia legislative session andDates of 2018 state legislative sessions

    In 2018, the legislature was in session from January 8, 2018, through March 29, 2018. To read about notable events and legislation from this session, clickhere.

    2017

    See also:Dates of 2017 state legislative sessions

    In 2017, the legislature was in session from January 9, 2017, through March 31, 2017.

    2016

    See also:Dates of 2016 state legislative sessions

    In 2016, the legislature was in session from January 11 through March 24.

    2015

    See also:Dates of 2015 state legislative sessions

    In 2015, the legislature was in session from January 12 through April 2.

    Major issues in 2015

    Major issues during the 2015 legislative session included medical marijuana, driver's licenses for those with lawful alien status and another look atSen. Joshua McKoon's (R) religious freedom bill that created controversy in the last session. Medical marijuana previously stalled in the legislature after the two chambers could not agree on a bill.[27]

    2014

    See also:Dates of 2014 state legislative sessions

    In 2014, the legislature was in session from January 13 through March 21.

    Major issues in 2014

    Major issues during the 2014 legislative session included moving up the state primary date to match the federal one, the state budget, and increases to K-12 education funding.[28]

    2013

    See also:Dates of 2013 state legislative sessions

    In 2013, the legislature was in session from January 14 to March 29.

    Major issues in 2013

    Major issues during the 2013 legislative session included juvenile-justice reform, regulation of coin-operated video games, ethics reform, and a budget that was previously facing a $700 million deficit.[29]

    In 2013, the legislature passed a bill that allows licensed gun owners to carry firearms into public places, including schools, bars, churches, government buildings, and elsewhere. The bill was signed byGovernorNathan Deal (R) in April 2014.[30]

    On May 9, 2014, a poll commissioned byThe Atlanta Journal-Constitution showed that 59 percent of those surveyed disapproved of the law, although 57 percent ofGeorgia voters supported gun rights more generally, while 37 percent disagreed. The poll surveyed 1,012 Georgia adults.[31]

    2012

    See also:Dates of 2012 state legislative sessions

    In 2012, the legislature was in regular session from January 9 through March 29.

    2011

    See also:Dates of 2011 state legislative sessions

    In 2011, the legislature was in regular session from January 10 through April 14.GovernorNathan Deal (R) called the legislature into special session for August 15 to consider congressional and legislative redistricting plans based on the 2010 census.[32]

    2010

    See also:Dates of 2010 state legislative sessions

    In 2010, the legislature was in session from January 11th to April 29th.


    About legislative sessions in Georgia

    TheTenth Amendment of theU.S. Constitution declares that any power not already given to the federal government is reserved to the states and the people.[33] State governments across the country use this authority to hold legislative sessions where a state's elected representatives meet for a period of time to draft and vote on legislation and set state policies on issues such as taxation, education, and government spending. The different types of legislation passed by a legislature may include resolutions,legislatively referred constitutional amendments, and bills that become law.

    Section 4 of Article III of the Georgia Constitution establishes when theGeorgia General Assembly, which the Senate is a part of, is to meet in regular session. The General Assembly must convene annually by the second Monday in January, and its sessions can last for only forty legislative days.[34] Prefiling begins November 15 and runs until the start of the session.

    Legislative roles and procedures

    Every state legislature throughout the country features its own internal procedures that it uses to govern itself and how it interacts with other parts of state government. Ballotpedia's coverage of internal state legislative procedures includesveto overrides,the role of the legislature in the state budget, andprocedures for filling membership vacancies.

    Veto overrides

    Veto Override Graphic-No party.png

    See also:Veto overrides in state legislatures

    State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Georgia are listed below.

    How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Two-thirds of members in both chambers.

    Two-thirds of members in both chambers must vote to override a veto, which is 120 of the 180 members in theGeorgia House of Representatives and 38 of the 56 members in theGeorgia State Senate. Georgia is one of 36 states that requires a two-thirds vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto.

    How can vetoes be overridden after the legislature has adjourned?

    Vetoes can be overridden in a special session called by the legislature.[35] Three-fifths of members in both chambers must agree to call for a special session.[36]

    Authority:Article III, Section 5, Paragraph XIII andArticle V, Section 2, Paragraph IV of theGeorgia Constitution.

    Article III: "If two-thirds of the members to which such house is entitled vote to override the veto of the Governor, the same shall be immediately transmitted to the other house where it shall be immediately considered. Upon the vote to override the veto by two thirds of the members to which such other house is entitled, such bill or resolution shall become law."

    Article V: "In the event the Governor vetoes any such bill or resolution, the General Assembly may, by a two-thirds' vote, override such veto as provided in Article III of this Constitution."

    Role in state budget

    See also:Georgia state budget and finances
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    The state operates on an annual budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[37]

    1. InJuly of the year preceding the start of the new fiscal year, thegovernor sends budget instructions to state agencies.
    2. InSeptember, agencies submit their budget requests to the governor.
    3. Budget hearings are held with the public inJanuary through February.
    4. InJanuary, the governor submits his or her proposed budget to thestate legislature.
    5. The legislature adopts a budget inMarch orApril, effective for the fiscal year beginning onJuly 1. A simple majority is required to pass a budget.

    The governor is constitutionally required to submit a balanced budget to the legislature. In turn, the legislature must pass a balanced budget, and any budget signed into law by the governor must be balanced.[37]

    Georgia is one of 44 states in which the governor hasline item veto authority.[37][38]

    Committees

    See also:List of committees in Georgia state government

    Every state legislature and state legislative chamber in the country contains several legislative committees. These committees are responsible for studying, amending, and voting on legislation before it reaches the floor of a chamber for a full vote. The different types of committees include standing committees, select or special, and joint.

    • Standing committees are generally permanent committees, the names of which sometimes change from session to session.
    • Select or special committees are temporary committees formed to deal with specific issues such as recent legislation, major public policy or proposals, or investigations.
    • Joint committees are committees that feature members of both chambers of a legislature.

    Ballotpedia covers standing and joint committees. The Georgia State Senate has 29 standing committees:


    Constitutional amendments

    In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process forreferring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states,initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are alsomany other types of statewide measures.

    The methods in which the Georgia Constitution can be amended:

    See also:Article X of the Georgia Constitution andLaws governing ballot measures in Georgia

    TheGeorgia Constitution provides two mechanisms for amending the state's constitution— a legislative process and a state constitutional convention. Georgia requires a simple majority vote (50% plus 1) for voters to approve constitutional amendments.

    Legislature

    See also:Legislatively referred constitutional amendment

    Atwo-thirds (66.67%) vote is required during one legislative session for theGeorgia State Legislature to place an amendment on the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 120 votes in theGeorgia House of Representatives and 38 votes in theGeorgia State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.

    Convention

    See also:Convention-referred constitutional amendment

    Georgia: According toParagraph IV of Article X of theGeorgia Constitution, a constitutional convention can occur in Georgia if a two-thirds majority of the members of both houses of theGeorgia General Assembly agree to hold it. That agreement does not need to be put to a vote of the people.[39]


    Noteworthy events

    Decision to self-quarantine for coronavirus on March 19, 2020

    See also:Political incumbents, candidates, and government officials diagnosed with COVID-19 or quarantined due to the coronavirus pandemic, 2020

    On March 19, 2020, all members of the Georgia Senate entered self-quarantine for COVID-19 after State Sen.Brandon Beach tested positive for the virus.[40] COVID-19, also known ascoronavirus disease 2019, is the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The first confirmed case of the disease in the United States was announced on January 21, 2020. For more on responses to the coronavirus outbreak,click here.

    See also

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    External links

    Footnotes

    1. Georgia Secretary of State, "Constitution of the State of Georgia," accessed February 12, 2021
    2. National Conference of State Legislatures, "2025 Legislator Compensation," December 2, 2025
    3. Georgia Secretary of State, "Georgia Constitution - Article III, Section IV, Paragraph I," accessed January 23, 2024
    4. Justia, "Constitution of the State of Georgia," accessed March 21, 2025
    5. Justia, "GA Code § 21-2-8," accessed May 27, 2025
    6. One vacancy resulted from the resignation ofDean Burke (R) fromDistrict 11.
    7. Georgia Secretary of State, "2018 Elections and voter registration calendar," accessed July 25, 2017
    8. Follow the Money, "Georgia Senate 2010 Campaign Contributions," accessed April 21, 2015
    9. Follow the Money, "Georgia 2008 Candidates," accessed July 17, 2013
    10. Follow the Money, "Georgia 2006 Candidates," accessed July 17, 2013
    11. Follow the Money, "Georgia 2004 Candidates," accessed July 17, 2013
    12. Follow the Money, "Georgia 2002 Candidates," accessed July 17, 2013
    13. Follow the Money, "Georgia 2000 Candidates," accessed July 17, 2013
    14. 14.014.1The State of Georgia, "Official Code of Georgia," accessed January 23, 2024(Statute 21-2-544)
    15. 15.015.1All About Redistricting, "Georgia," accessed April 23, 2015
    16. Georgia Constitution, "Article 3, Section 2," accessed April 23, 2015
    17. Democracy Docket, "11th Circuit Considers Fate of Georgia Maps in High-Stakes Redistricting Case," January 21, 2025
    18. Georgia General Assembly, "Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment Office - Proposed Plans," accessed December 11, 2023
    19. Twitter, "RedistrictNet," December 7, 2023
    20. 20.020.1Reuters, "US judge orders new congressional map in Georgia, citing harm to Black voters," October 27,, 2023
    21. United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia, "Case 1:21-cv-05337-SCJ, Document 375" December 28, 2023
    22. Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
    23. Times-Herald, "Redistricting maps pass both House and Senate," August 19, 2011
    24. Atlanta Business Chronicle, "Ga. lawmakers finalize new legislative district lines," August 23, 2011
    25. Twitter, "Thomas Wheatley on March 12, 2020," accessed March 12, 2020
    26. WALB News 10, "Latest Georgia news, sports, business and entertainment at 9:20 p.m. EDT," May 12, 2020
    27. WRBL, "A preview of the 2015 Georgia legislative session," January 16, 2015
    28. onlineathens.com, "Budget, education among top Georgia legislative issues," January 12, 2014
    29. onlineathens.com, "Some win, some lose in Georgia legislative session," May 30, 2013
    30. The Hill, "Ga. governor signs sweeping gun rights bill," April 23, 2014
    31. Atlanta Journal-Constitution, "New AJC poll shows voters disapprove of Georgia’s new gun law," May 9, 2014
    32. ncsl.org, "2011 Legislative Sessions Calendar," accessed April 21, 2015
    33. Find Law, "Tenth Amendment - U.S. Constitution," accessed May 20, 2017
    34. Justia, "Georgia Constitution," accessed April 21, 2015(Article III, Section 4)
    35. 11 Alive, "Lawmakers: No special session for veto override, please," March 31, 2016
    36. National Conference of State Legislatures, "Special Sessions," May 6, 2009
    37. 37.037.137.2National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
    38. National Conference of State Legislatures, "Separation of Powers: Executive Veto Powers," accessed January 26, 2024
    39. Georgia constitutional convention provisions
    40. WGAU 98.7FM & AM1340, “Senator tests positive for coronavirus, Athens lawmakers self-quarantine,” March 19, 2020
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