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Energy policy ballot measures

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Voters have decided onenergy policy ballot measures across the U.S. As a state ballot measure topic, this includes measures regarding energy production, regulation, and distribution, as well as the funding of energy-related projects. The topic is grouped within theenvironment and energy policy area.

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Upcoming ballot measures

See also:2026 ballot measures and2027 ballot measures

The following is a list of state ballot measures related to this topic that are certified or potential for this year and future elections:
There are no ballot measures related to this topic that have qualified for the ballot.

List of state ballot measures

Click the tabs to view state ballot measures related to this topic, organized by year or state.

Years
States

2024

  1. California Proposition 4, Parks, Environment, Energy, and Water Bond Measure (2024)Approved
  2. South Dakota Referred Law 21, Regulation of Carbon Dioxide Pipelines Referendum (2024)Defeated
  3. Washington Initiative 2066, Natural Gas Policies Measure (2024)Approved

2023

  1. Maine Question 1, Voter Approval of Borrowing Above $1 Billion by State Entities and Electric Cooperatives Initiative (2023)Approved
  2. Maine Question 3, Pine Tree Power Company Initiative (2023)Defeated
  3. Texas Proposition 7, Creation of State Energy Fund Amendment (2023)Approved

2022

  1. New York Proposal 1, Environmental Bond Measure (2022)Approved

2021

  1. Maine Question 1, Electric Transmission Line Restrictions and Legislative Approval Initiative (2021)Approved

2020

  1. Alaska Ballot Measure 1, North Slope Oil Production Tax Increase Initiative (2020)Defeated
  2. Louisiana Amendment 2, Include Oil and Gas Value in Tax Assessment of Wells Amendment (2020)Approved
  3. Nevada Question 6, Renewable Energy Standards Initiative (2020)Approved

2018

  1. Arizona Proposition 127, Renewable Energy Standards Initiative (2018)Defeated
  2. Colorado Proposition 112, Minimum Distance Requirements for New Oil, Gas, and Fracking Projects Initiative (2018)Defeated
  3. Florida Amendment 9, Ban Offshore Oil and Gas Drilling and Ban Vaping in Enclosed Indoor Workplaces Amendment (2018)Approved
  4. Nevada Question 3, Changes to Energy Market and Prohibit State-Sanctioned Electric-Generation Monopolies Amendment (2018)Defeated
  5. Nevada Question 6, Renewable Energy Standards Initiative (2018)Approved
  6. Washington Initiative 1631, Carbon Emissions Fee Measure (2018)Defeated

2016

  1. Florida Amendment 1, Solar Energy Subsidies and Personal Solar Use Measure (2016)Defeated
  2. Florida Property Tax Exemptions for Renewable Energy Equipment, Amendment 4 (August 2016)Approved
  3. Nevada Legislature to Minimize Regulations on the Energy Market and Eliminate Legal Energy Monopolies, Question 3 (2016)Approved
  4. Washington Carbon Emission Tax and Sales Tax Reduction, Initiative 732 (2016)Defeated

2014

  1. Alaska Oil Tax Cuts Veto Referendum, Ballot Measure 1 (August 2014)Defeated

2012

  1. California Proposition 39, Out-of-State Business Tax Liability Calculations and Energy Funding Initiative (2012)Approved
  2. Michigan Proposal 3, Renewable Energy Requirement Initiative (2012)Defeated
  3. Utah Amendment A, Place Revenue from the Severance Tax into the State Trust Fund Measure (2012)Approved

2010

  1. California Proposition 16, Require Supermajority Voter Approval to Expand Utility Services Initiative (June 2010)Defeated
  2. California Proposition 23, Suspension of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Law Initiative (2010)Defeated
  3. Georgia Amendment 4, Energy Efficient Project Contracts Measure (2010)Approved
  4. Idaho Municipal Electric Bonds, HJR 7 (2010)Approved
  5. Maine Question 2, Off-shore Wind Energy Demonstration Site Bond Measure (June 2010)Approved
  6. Washington Bonds for Energy Efficiency Projects, Referendum 52 (2010)Defeated

2008

  1. California Proposition 10, Bonds for Alternative Fuels Initiative (2008)Defeated
  2. California Proposition 7, Renewable Energy Standards and Market Regulations Initiative (2008)Defeated
  3. Florida Amendment 3, Property Value Assessment Exemptions Amendment (2008)Approved
  4. Missouri Proposition C, Clean Energy Initiative (2008)Approved

2006

  1. Alaska Measure 2, Natural Gas Tax Initiative (2006)Defeated
  2. California Proposition 87, Severance Tax on Oil Producers to Fund Alternative Energy Programs Initiative (2006)Defeated
  3. Washington Initiative 937, Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation Standards for Electric Utilities Initiative (2006)Approved

2005

  1. California Proposition 80, Regulation of Electric Service Providers Initiative (2005)Defeated

2004

  1. Colorado Amendment 37, Renewable Energy Sources for Utilities Initiative (2004)Approved
  2. Washington Initiative 297, Mixed Hazardous and Radioactive Waste Cleanup Measure (2004)Approved

2002

  1. Alaska Measure 3, Natural Gas Development Authority Initiative (2002)Approved
  2. Montana Electrical Deregulation Changes, IR-117 (2002)Defeated
  3. Montana Hydroelectric Security Act, I-145 (2002)Defeated
  4. Utah Initiative 1, Regulate Radioactive Waste and Disposal Measure (2002)Defeated

1998

  1. California Proposition 9, Prohibition of Utility Taxes, Bond Payments, or Surcharges for Nuclear Power Assets Initiative (1998)Defeated
  2. Massachusetts Question 4, Electric Utility Industry Referendum (1998)Approved
  3. North Carolina Natural Gas Facilities Bonds Referendum (1998)Approved

1996

  1. Idaho Radioactive Waste Agreement Initiative, Initiative 3 (1996)Defeated
  2. Nevada Question 6, State Debt Limit Building Retrofitting Exemption Amendment (1996)Defeated

1994

  1. North Dakota Coal Trust Fund Expenditures, Measure 1 (1994)Approved

1993

  1. Maine Question 6, Texas Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Compact Measure (1993)Approved

1992

  1. Oregon Measure 5, Close Trojan Nuclear Power Plant Until Conditions Met Initiative (1992)Defeated
  2. Oregon Measure 6, Prohibit Trojan Nuclear Power Operations Unless Conditions Met Initiative (1992)Defeated

1990

  1. North Dakota Resources Trust Fund, Measure 2 (1990)Approved
  2. Oregon Measure 4, Trojan Nuclear Power Plant Standards Initiative (1990)Defeated

1989

  1. Maine Question 13, Approve Rocky Mountain Low-Level Radioactive Waste Board Disposal Agreement Measure (1989)Approved

1988

  1. Massachusetts Question 4, Prohibition on Nuclear Energy Initiative (1988)Defeated
  2. Nebraska Initiative Measure 402, Radioactive Waste Compact Withdrawal Measure (1988)Defeated
  3. Washington HJR 4223, Extension of Energy Conservation Amendment (1988)Approved

1987

  1. Maine Question 1, Yankee Nuclear Power Plant Waste Measure (1987)Approved
  2. Oregon Measure 1, Challenge Federal Selection of Nuclear Waste Repositories Measure (May 1987)Approved

1986

  1. North Carolina Support for Radioactive Waste Disposal Site Advisory Question (May 1986)Defeated
  2. Oregon Measure 14, Prohibition of Nuclear Plant Operations Without Licensed Waste Sites Initiative (1986)Defeated
  3. Oregon Measure 15, Definition of Radioactive Waste Initiative (1986)Defeated
  4. Washington Referendum 40, Nuclear Waste Disposal Measure (1986)Approved

1985

  1. Maine Direct Democracy on Nuclear Waste Disposal and Storage, Low Level Radioactive Waste Siting Issue 1 (1985)Approved
  2. Maine Question 3, Bond Issue to Fund Centers for Advanced Technology Measure (1985)Defeated
  3. Ohio Bonds Issue for Coal Research and Development Amendment (1985)Approved
  4. South Dakota Question 1, Radioactive Waste Management Compact Measure (1985)Defeated

1984

  1. Missouri Proposition B, Utility Rate Regulation and Limits on Cost Recovery for Abandoned Plants, Overruns, and Nuclear Waste Initiative (1984)Defeated
  2. Oregon Measure 9, Requirements for Disposing Radioactive Isotopes Initiative (1984)Approved
  3. South Dakota Initiated Measure 1, Nuclear Waste Disposal Measure (1984)Approved

1983

  1. Louisiana Windfall Revenue Amendment (October 1983)Approved
  2. Washington SJR 112, Energy Conservation Funds Amendment (1983)Defeated
  3. Wisconsin Question 1, Radioactive Waste Disposal Site Advisory Question (April 1983)Defeated

1982

  1. Idaho Nuclear Energy Initiative, Initiative 3 (1982)Approved
  2. Louisiana Ad Valorem Tax on Coal and Lignite Amendment (1982)Approved
  3. Maine Question 3, Nuclear Fission for Electricity Prohibition Initiative (1982)Defeated
  4. Massachusetts Question 3, Construction and Operation of Nuclear Power Plants and Radioactive Waste Facilities Initiative (1982)Approved
  5. Montana Remove Prohibition on Disposal of Radioactive Waste, LR-89 (1982)Defeated
  6. Nevada Question 1, Property Tax Exemption Amendment (1982)Approved

1981

  1. Maine Referendum Question No. 3, Energy Conservation for State Buildings Bond Measure (1981)Approved
  2. Washington Initiative 394, Voter Approval for Energy Project Bonds Measure (1981)Approved

1980

  1. Alaska Bonding Proposition C, State Facilities Improvements Bond Measure (1980)Defeated
  2. California Proposition 11, Energy Related Businesses Surtax Initiative (June 1980)Defeated
  3. California Proposition 7, Property Valuation with Solar Energy Systems Amendment (1980)Approved
  4. California Proposition 8, Bonds for Alternative Energy Sources Amendment (June 1980)Approved
  5. Florida Amendment 1, Renewable Energy Tax Exemption Amendment (October 1980)Approved
  6. Maine Prohibit Nuclear Fission for Electricity Measure (September 1980)Defeated
  7. Maine Referendum Question No. 2, Energy Conservation Improvements Bond Measure (1980)Approved
  8. Missouri Proposition 11, Prohibit Nuclear Power Plants Initiative (1980)Defeated
  9. Montana Disposal of Radioactive Waste, I-84 (1980)Approved
  10. Nebraska Amendment 3, Tax Exemptions for Energy Conservation Improvements Measure (1980)Approved
  11. North Dakota Oil Extraction Tax Initiative, Measure 6 (1980)Approved
  12. Oregon Measure 3, Bonds for Local Energy Projects Amendment (May 1980)Approved
  13. Oregon Measure 7, Voter Approval for Nuclear Waste Facilities Initiative (1980)Approved
  14. South Dakota Initiated Measure 1, Uranium Mining and Nuclear Waste Initiative (1980)Defeated
  15. Washington Initiative 383, Ban on Radioactive Waste Transportation and Storage Measure (1980)Approved

1979

  1. Maine Question 3, Energy Conservation Improvements Bond Measure (1979)Approved
  2. New York Proposal 1, Energy Conservation Transportation Bond Measure (1979)Approved
  3. Washington SJR 120, Energy Conservation Financing Amendment (1979)Approved

1978

  1. California Proposition 3, Alternative Energy Systems Tax Exemption Amendment (June 1978)Defeated
  2. Hawaii Restrictions on Nuclear Energy, Amendment 26 (1978)Approved
  3. Montana Empowering Voters to Approve Proposed Nuclear Facilities, I-80 (1978)Approved
  4. Nebraska Amendment 3, Energy Tax Exemptions Amendment (1978)Defeated
  5. Texas Proposition 4, Tax Exemptions for Solar and Wind Powered Energy Devices Amendment (1978)Approved

1977

  1. Maine Question 5, Energy Conservation Improvements Bond Measure (December 1977)Approved
  2. Oregon Measure 2, Energy Ownership, Development, and Funding Amendment (1977)Defeated

1976

  1. Arizona Proposition 200, Legislative Approval of Nuclear Facilities Initiative (1976)Defeated
  2. California Proposition 12, Loans for Energy Product Installations Amendment (1976)Defeated
  3. California Proposition 15, Nuclear Power Plant Initiative (June 1976)Defeated
  4. California Proposition 3, Solar Heating and Cooling and Energy Insulation Bond Measure (1976)Defeated
  5. Colorado Amendment No. 3, Construction and Expansion of Nuclear Fission Power Plants Initiative (1976)Defeated
  6. Georgia Amendment 6, Solar Energy Tax Exemptions Measure (1976)Approved
  7. Massachusetts Question 4, Creation of Massachusetts Power Authority Initiative (1976)Defeated
  8. Massachusetts Question 7, Require Electric Utilities to Charge Uniform Rates Per Kilowatt Initiative (1976)Defeated
  9. Massachusetts Question 8, Oil Refinery and Deep Water Port Advisory Question (1976)Approved
  10. Montana Legislative Approval for Nuclear Facilities, I-71 (1976)Defeated
  11. Ohio Bonds and Loans for Energy Facilities Amendment (June 1976)Defeated
  12. Ohio Legislative Approval, Hearings, and Liability for Nuclear Power Plants Initiative (1976)Defeated
  13. Oregon Measure 9, Regulation of Nuclear Power Plant Construction Initiative (1976)Defeated
  14. Washington Initiative 325, Two-Thirds Vote for New Nuclear Power Facilities Measure (1976)Defeated

1974

  1. Colorado Amendment No. 4, Municipal Partnership in the Development of Energy Resources Amendment (1974)Approved

1972

  1. California Proposition 9, Energy, Fuel, and Air Pollution Regulations Initiative (June 1972)Defeated

1962

  1. Georgia Amendment 11, Payment for State Oil Well Amendment (1962)Defeated
  2. North Dakota Power Generating Facilities Bonds, Initiative 1 (1962)Approved

1958

  1. Oregon Measure 10, State Power Development Amendment (1958)Defeated
  2. Rhode Island Establishment of Nuclear Reactor, Proposal 2 (1958)Approved

1956

  1. California Proposition 4, California Oil and Gas Conservation Commission Initiative (1956)Defeated
  2. Georgia Amendment 8, Payment for Commercial Oil Well Amendment (1956)Approved

1950

  1. Arizona Measure Nos. 108-109, State Land Leasing for Oil and Gas Exploration and Exploitation Amendment (September 1950)Approved
  2. Georgia Amendment 3, Fund Commercial Oil Well Measure (1950)Approved

1948

  1. Oregon Measure Nos. 306-307, Licensing and Acquisition Provisions of the Hydroelectric Commission Referendum (1948)Defeated

1942

  1. South Dakota State Oil and Gas Board and Regulations Referendum (1942)Defeated

1940

  1. California Proposition 13, State Park Land Leases for Oil and Gas Amendment (1940)Defeated

1938

  1. California Proposition 10, Huntington Beach Oil Drilling Referendum (1938)Defeated
  2. California Proposition 24, Drilling on State Tide and Overflowed Lands Referendum (1938)Defeated
  3. Oklahoma State Question 238, State Oil Inspectors Referendum (1938)Defeated

1936

  1. California Proposition 4, Tide, Submerged, and Overflowed Lands Initiative (1936)Defeated
  2. Oregon Measure Nos. 312-313, State Development and Distribution of Hydroelectric Power and Creation of Energy Commission Initiative (1936)Defeated
  3. Oregon Measure Nos. 314-315, State Hydroelectricity Administrative Board Initiative (1936)Defeated

1934

  1. Oregon Measure Nos. 300-301, Hydroelectricity Development Referendum (1934)Defeated
  2. Washington Referendum 18, Municipal Energy Measure (1934)Approved

1933

  1. Oregon Measure Nos. 310-311, State Power Fund Bonds Measure (July 1933)Defeated

1932

  1. California Proposition 11, Huntington Beach Tide and Submerged Lands Initiative (1932)Defeated
  2. Oregon Measure Nos. 324-325, State Administration of Hydroelectric Power Initiative (1932)Approved

1930

  1. Georgia Amendment 1, City of Elberton Electric System Bonds Measure (1930)Approved
  2. Georgia Amendment 6, City of West Point Flood Control Tax Exemptions Measure (1930)Defeated
  3. Oregon Measure Nos. 324-325, Authorize Creation of Water and Power Utility Districts Initiative (1930)Approved

1929

  1. Maine Export of Surplus Hydroelectric Power Measure (September 1929)Approved

1928

  1. Idaho Limit Use of Natural Streams, HJR 13 (1928)Approved

1926

  1. Georgia Amendment 2, Crisp County Hydroelectric Bonds Measure (1926)Approved
  2. Oklahoma State Question 138, Ad Valorem Tax Method Initiative (1926)Defeated
  3. Oregon Measure Nos. 336-337, Creation of Water and Power Board Initiative (1926)Defeated

1925

  1. Maine Incorporation of Dexter P. Cooper Measure (September 1925)Approved

1924

  1. Arizona Measure Nos. 306-307, Colorado River Power and Irrigation Initiative (1924)Defeated
  2. Idaho Affirmation of Water Rights, SJR 7 (1924)Defeated

1923

  1. New York Amendment 3, Water Power Development on Forest Preserve Land Amendment (1923)Defeated

1922

  1. South Dakota Initiated Law 1, State Hydroelectric Power Plants and Transmission Systems Initiative (1922)Defeated

1918

  1. South Dakota Amendment F, State Coal Measure (1918)Approved
  2. South Dakota Amendment I, State Water Power Measure (1918)Approved

1916

  1. South Dakota Amendment 1, State Coal Supplying and Roads Funding Measure (1916)Approved

1914

  1. Arizona Measure Nos. 322-323, Electric Poles Regulations Initiative (1914)Approved
  2. Oklahoma State Question 75, Oil and Gas Tax Initiative (1914)Defeated

1912

  1. Utah Amendment 8, Tax Coal and Hydro-carbon Mines Like Metal Mines Measure (1912)Defeated

1910

  1. Wisconsin Question 3, Water Power and Forest Funding Amendment (1910)Overturned

See also

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Footnotes

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