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Two of the country's 99 state legislative chambers held regularly scheduled elections in 2025. Elections in those two chambers represented 180 of the country's 7,386 state legislative seats (2.4%).

General elections for theNew Jersey House andVirginia House took place onNovember 4, 2025. Democrats retained control of both chambers. In2023, one chamber changed partisan control, with Democrats winning the Virginia House. The Virginia House was also the only chamber that changed partisan control in2021, when Republicans won control of the chamber from Democrats.

In the 2025 elections, Democrats gained 18 seats across New Jersey and Virginia. Democrats won 64 seats in the Virginia House to Republicans' 36, a net gain of 13 seats for Democrats. All 100 seats were up for election. Democrats won 57 seats in the New Jersey General Assembly, a net gain of five seats, and Republicans won 23. All 80 seats were up for election.

Abigail Spanberger (D) won theVirginia gubernatorial race, and Democrats controlled theVirginia Senate, which was not up for election. That meant Virginia became aDemocratic trifecta as a result of the elections.State government trifecta is a term to describe single-party government, when one political party holds thegovernorship and majorities in both chambers of thestate legislature.

Twelve Republican incumbents lost in Virginia, tying 2017 for the most incumbents defeated since 2011. Two incumbents lost in the 2023 elections, one Republican and one minor party or independent officeholder. Seven lost in 2021—all Democrats. At least one House incumbent lost in every general election since 2011, except in 2015.

Democrats retaining chamber control also meantlegislatively referred constitutional amendments passed by theGeneral Assembly in 2025 are likely to appear on the ballot in 2026.Constitutional amendments inVirginia must pass theGeneral Assembly in two successive legislative sessions. The General Assembly's 2025 proposals to amend thestate constitution to include aright to reproductive freedom,remove the constitutional ban on same-sex marriage, and provide thatfelons be entitled to vote following their release from incarceration must be approved by the body again in 2026 to appear before voters.

The week before the 2025 elections, Virginia Democrats also approved a constitutional amendment that would allow the General Assembly toredraw the state's congressional maps before the next census. The state'sredistricting commission would draw a new map in 2030 whether or notmid-decade redistricting occurred.^[1] The General Assembly could hold a second vote on the amendment after new officeholders swear in in January 2026.^[2]

Democrats also retained control of theNew Jersey General Assembly. Five Republican incumbents lost re-election, the third most defeated incumbents in the state's general elections since 2011. Seven Democratic incumbents lost in the 2021 general elections, and six Republican incumbents lost in the 2023 general elections. Heading into the election, Democrats had controlled both chambers of the Legislature since 2004.

Mikie Sherrill (D) won theNew Jersey gubernatorial election, and Democrats also had a majority in theNew Jersey Senate, meaning Democrats retained a trifecta in the state after the elections.

Nationwide after the 2025 elections, Democrats still controlled 40 state legislative chambers, Republicans controlled 56, bipartisan coalitions controlled the twoAlaska chambers, and theMinnesota House was split.

On this page you will find:

• State legislatures on the ballot
• Partisan balance of all state legislatures
• Changes in trifecta status

Offices on the ballot in 2025

In 2025, there were two state legislative chambers — both with Democratic majorities — on the ballot. The table below highlights the partisan balance of those two chambers before and after the election.

The map below highlights states that held state legislative elections in 2025 by partisan control.

Partisan balance of all state legislatures

Heading into the 2025 elections, Republicans held a majority in 56 chambers and Democrats held the majority in 40 chambers. Two chambers (Alaska House andAlaska Senate) were organized under multipartisan, power-sharing coalitions. One chamber (Minnesota House) was split evenly between both parties.

The map below shows the partisan control for each chamber once results are available.

Changes in trifecta status

The map below highlights each state by trifecta status before and after the 2025 elections. Click the blue links above the color key to switch the view between pre-election and post-election partisan control.

Changes in partisan control

As a result of the Nov. 4, 2025, elections, thepartisan composition of the 180 state legislative seats up for election changed by 10 percentage points. That is compared to a one percentage point shift following the 2023 elections.

• Democrats had a net gain of18 seats, representing 10% of the 180 seats.
• Republicans had a net loss of18 seats, representing 10% of the 180 seats.

In2023, the partisan composition changed 1.1 percentage points toward Democrats, with Democrats gaining six seats, Republicans losing three seats, and Independents and minor party officeholders losing three seats. Sixteen seats (7.3%) changed party control in2021.

Of the two states that held regularly scheduled general elections on Nov. 4,Democrats had net gains in two states, andRepublicans lost seats in both states.

The map below shows the two states that held elections on Nov. 4 based on whether Democrats, Republicans, or independent or minor party candidates gained seats in the legislature. Hover over each state for more information, including the number of seats, the percentage of the legislature, and before and after looks at partisan control.

The table below shows before-and-after partisan changes for New Jersey and Virginia. Seats that were vacant were counted as belonging to the party that most recently held those seats.

The "Numerical change" view shows the number of seats held and changes before and after Nov. 5. The "Percentage change" view shows the percentage of seats held and change in that percentage before and after Nov. 5.

Number of state legislators by party

The tables below show the total changes in state legislative seats, state Senate seats, and state House seats, respectively. Totals shown below include partisan data only from the two chambers that held regularly-scheduled elections in 2025.^[3]

Partisan control history

Control of chambers

The chart below shows party control of state legislative chambers from 2010 to 2025.

Analysis of state elections, 2025

See also:Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2025

State legislative elections

See also:State legislative elections, 2025

As ofFebruary 15th, 2026, Republicans controlled55.12% of all state legislative seats nationally, while Democrats held43.89%. Republicans held a majority in57 chambers, and Democrats held the majority in39 chambers.Two chambers (Alaska House andAlaska Senate) were organized undermultipartisan, power-sharing coalitions.One chamber (Minnesota House of Representatives) was split evenly between both parties.

Partisan balance of all 7,386 state legislative seats
Legislative chamber			Other	Vacant
State senates	837	1,120	6	10
State houses	2,405	2,951	20	37
Total:	3,242	4,071	26	47

More related analysis

Tap the box below to show more analysis articles related to the 2025 state legislative elections.

State executive elections

See also:State executive official elections, 2025

More related analysis

Tap the box below to show more analysis articles related to the 2025 state executive elections.

State judicial elections

See also:State judicial elections, 2025

More related analysis

Tap the box below to show more analysis articles related to the 2025 state judicial elections.

Log of state legislative election results

All times are in Eastern Standard Time

Nov. 4, 2025

See also

• Election results, 2025
• State legislative elections, 2025
• State legislative special elections, 2025
• Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2025
• Incumbents defeated in state legislative elections, 2025
• Election results, 2025: State legislative veto-proof majorities

Footnotes