Trump Administration (second term) Donald Trump • J.D. Vance

Administration Cabinet •Confirmation process for Cabinet nominees •Confirmation votes by senator •Executive orders and actions •Key legislation •Vetoes •White House staff •Ambassadors •Special envoys •Multistate lawsuits •Supreme Court emergency orders

Transition Transition •Transition FAQ •Certification of electoral votes •2024 presidential election

First term Transition •Confirmation process for Cabinet nominees •Cabinet •Administration

PresidentDonald Trump (R) was inaugurated for his second term as the47th president of the United States on January 20, 2025. He serves with Vice PresidentJ.D. Vance (R), a former senator from Ohio.

This page provides an overview of Trump's second presidential administration, including top officials and personnel and key executive and legislative actions.

It features the following sections:

• Donald Trump's Cabinet
• Key legislation
• Trump's executive orders and actions
• Federal judges nominated by Donald Trump
• Presidential and congressional approval ratings
• Multistate lawsuits against the federal government
• Vetoed legislation
• Tie-breaking votes cast by J.D. Vance in the U.S. Senate
• Transition Tracker

Donald Trump's Cabinet

See also:Donald Trump's Cabinet, 2025-2026 andConfirmation process for Donald Trump's Cabinet nominees, 2025-2026

PresidentDonald Trump (R) identified candidates for 15 executive agency positions that comprise the president's Cabinet. This tradition is rooted in Article II, Section 2, Clause 1 of the Constitution, which states that the president "may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices."^[1]

The vice president and several other administrators, directors, and representatives are also part of the Cabinet.Click here for an overview of Trump's Cabinet members.

The following individuals are members of Trump's Cabinet. They have either been confirmed by the U.S. Senate or hold a position that does not require Senate confirmation.

J.D. Vance Vice President	Marco Rubio Secretary of State	Scott Bessent Secretary of the Treasury	Pete Hegseth Secretary of Defense

Pam Bondi Attorney General	Doug Burgum Secretary of the Interior	Brooke Rollins Secretary of Agriculture	Howard Lutnick Secretary of Commerce

Lori Chavez-DeRemer Secretary of Labor	Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Secretary of Health and Human Services	Scott Turner Secretary of Housing and Urban Development	Sean Duffy Secretary of Transportation

Chris Wright Secretary of Energy	Linda McMahon Secretary of Education	Doug Collins Secretary of Veterans Affairs	Kristi Noem Secretary of Homeland Security

Jamieson Greer U.S. Trade Representative	Tulsi Gabbard Director of National Intelligence	Michael Waltz U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations	Russell Vought Director of the Office of Management and Budget

Lee Zeldin Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency	Kelly Loeffler Administrator of the Small Business Administration	John Ratcliffe Director of the Central Intelligence Agency	Susie Wiles White House Chief of Staff

Key legislation

This section provides overviews of key federal legislation considered during thesecond Trump administration. To be included, the bill must have met several of the following qualifying factors:

• Collaboration between the president and congressional leadership on the bill
• Use of the reconciliation process to pass the bill
• Changes to the congressional procedure to pass the bill
• Estimated cost of the bill as evaluated by theCongressional Budget Office
• Extent of public relations campaign to promote the bill
• Domestic and international policy ramifications

Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026

See also:Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026

TheContinuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026 was a federal continuing resolution signed into law by PresidentDonald Trump (R) on November 12, 2025. The bill provided funding for the federal government and ended thelongest government shutdown in U.S. history, which began on October 1 and lasted 42 full days. TheU.S. Senate passed the bill in a 60-40 vote on November 10, and theU.S. House of Representatives passed the bill in a 222-209 vote on November 12.^[2]

A continuing resolution is a type of short-term funding bill that funds the government in lieu of a final budget. Continuing resolutions typically fund the government largely at previous levels, but can change the rate of spending, authorize the continuation of a pre-existing program, or provide funding for the duration of the continuing resolution.^[3]

In addition to funding the government at previous levels through January 30, 2026, notable features of the bill include:^[2][4][5]

• Passing full-year appropriations for military construction and the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Department of Agriculture, and the legislative branch.
• Re-hiring federal workers fired during the 2025 government shutdown, and preventing the federal government from spending funds to fire federal workers through January 30, 2026.
• A requirement that communication companies tell U.S. Senators if their phone or other communication records are subpoenaed by prosecutors, and establishing a $500,000 fine if such notification is not made.
• A ban on hemp products containing THC.
• Providing additional funding for security for members of Congress, Supreme Court justices, and executive branch officials.

In exchange for Democratic support of the continuing resolution, Senate Majority LeaderJohn Thune (R-S.D.) said he would bring up a vote onAffordable Care Act subsidies in December 2025.^[6] The Senate previously considered a Democrat-sponsored continuing resolution, which would have mostly extended funding at previous levels through October 31, and extendedAffordable Care Act subsidies, through the form of extending enhancedpremium tax credits. The Democrat-sponsored continuing resolution would have also repealed reductions to Medicaid funding from theOne Big Beautiful Bill Act and limited the authority of theOffice of Management and Budget to withhold appropriations. This bill failed to meet the 60-vote threshold during the seven votes held on the bill from September 19 to October 9.^[7]

One Big Beautiful Bill Act

See also:One Big Beautiful Bill Act

TheOne Big Beautiful Bill Act was a federalbudget reconciliation bill signed into law by President Donald Trump on July 4, 2025, addressing tax policy, border security and immigration, defense, energy production, the debt limit, and adjustments to SNAP and Medicaid. The Senate passed the bill in a 51-50 vote on July 1, with Vice PresidentJ.D. Vance (R) casting thetie-breaking vote in favor of the bill. It cleared theUnited States House of Representatives on July 3, 2025, in a 218-214 vote.^[8][9]

Features of the bill included:^{[10][11][12][13][14]}

• Extending tax reductions enacted in theTax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2018 and repealingInflation Reduction Act tax credits for electric vehicles and renewable energy
• Establishing a privateschool choice tax credit policy, new temporary tax reductions on tips and overtime, increasing the standard deduction, and establishing a temporary child tax credit
• Reducing federal funding for Medicaid by about $930 billion
• Around $150 billion in border security and immigration funding
• Reducing federal funding for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) by around $285 billion
• Around $150 billion increase in funding for the Defense Department and national security
• Raising the debt ceiling by $5 trillion

The bill's official title became An Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of H. Con. Res. 14. on July 1, ahead of the Senate vote. Senate Minority LeaderChuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) invoked theByrd Rule to remove the original bill title, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, since giving the bill a title did not directly pertain to budgetary matters.^[15] This last occurred in 2022, when Senate Republicans removed the bill title of theInflation Reduction Act.^[16]

Before this bill was proposed, the House and the Senate voted to approve the budget resolution framework for this bill in April 2025. The Senate voted 51-48 to adopt the resolution on April 5, 2025.^[17] On April 10, the House voted 216-214 in favor of the resolution. To read more about budget resolutions proposed during the 2025 U.S. Congress reconciliation process,click here.

The bill was passed through thebudget reconciliation process, which provides a procedural path around the supermajority requirement in the Senate. It was created by theCongressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 to facilitate a quicker process for reviewing and passing certain bills related to spending, revenues, and debt. This process is not subject to the filibuster and only requires a simple majority vote.^[18]

Budget resolutions proposed during the 2025 U.S. Congress reconciliation process

See also:Budget resolutions proposed during the 2025 U.S. Congress reconciliation process

Budget resolutions are resolutions that broadly outline spending priorities for areconciliation bill. The Senate and the House adopting identical budget resolutions is the first step in thereconciliation process.^[19]Budget reconciliation is a legislative process that can be used to override thefilibuster and expedite the approval of a package of legislation in Congress that changes spending, revenues, or the debt limit.

The House voted 217-215 on February 25, 2025, to adopt the initial version of the budget resolution (H.Con.Res.14) that included border, defense, and energy spending, along with tax reductions to replace the expiring tax policy from theTax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2018.^[20] There were 217 Republicans who voted in favor of the resolution, while Rep.Thomas Massie (R-Ky.) and 214 Democrats voted against the resolution.^[21]

The Senate voted 51-48 to adopt an amended version of H.Con.Res.14 on April 5, 2025. The amended version also included a debt ceiling increase.^[22] On April 10, the House voted to adopt the Senate-amended version of HCon.Res.14, completing the budget resolution process. The House voted 216-214 in favor of the resolution, with Reps.Victoria Spartz (R-Ind.) andThomas Massie (R-Ky.) joining 212 Democrats in voting against the resolution.

The Senate had previously voted 52-48 to approve a version of the fiscal year 2025 budget resolution (S.Con.Res.7) focused primarily on border, defense, and energy spending in February.^[23]

Trump's executive orders and actions

See also:Donald Trump's executive orders and actions, 2025-2026

As of February 11, 2026, PresidentDonald Trump (R) had signed 240executive orders, 57memoranda, and 126proclamations in hissecond presidential term, which began on January 20, 2025.

Each type of presidential document is different in authority and implementation. Executive orders are directives the president writes to officials within the executive branch requiring them to take or stop some action related to policy or management. They are numbered, published in theFederal Register, cite the authority by which the president is making the order, and the Office of Management and Budget issues budgetary impact analyses for each order.^[24][25]

Presidential memoranda and notices also include instructions directed at executive officials, but they are neither numbered nor have the same publication requirements. TheOffice of Management and Budget is also not required to issue a budgetary impact statement on the subject of the memoranda or notices.^[26][27]

In his 2014 book,By Order of the President: The Use and Abuse of Executive Direct Action, Phillip J. Cooper, a professor of public administration at Portland State University, wrote, "As a practical matter, the memorandum is now being used as the equivalent of an executive order, but without meeting the legal requirements for an executive order."^[28]

Proclamations are a third type of executive directive that typically relate to private individuals or ceremonial events, such as holidays and commemorations.^[26][29]

Click here for a complete list of Trump's executive actions.

Federal judges nominated by Donald Trump

See also:Federal judges nominated by Donald Trump

Since taking office for his second term, President Donald Trump (R) has nominated39 individuals to federal judgeships onArticle III courts. As of February 5, 2026, 33 of the nominees wereconfirmed.

During his first term in office, PresidentDonald Trump (R) nominated 274 individuals to federal judgeships. Trump made245 judicial appointments.^[30] Of those appointments,234 were Article III judges.^[31] Trump withdrew eight nominees and 143 received no vote from theSenate.^[32]

Ballotpedia publishes the federal vacancy count report tracking vacancies, nominations, and confirmations to all United StatesArticle III federal courts each month. In the most recent report covering activity in February 2026, there were 41 Article III vacancies in the federal judiciary. To learn more about current vacancies in the federal judiciary,click here.

The sections below group Trump'sArticle III judicial nominees by which step of the process they are on: confirmed by the U.S. Senate, awaiting a vote by the full Senate, awaiting a vote in committee, and awaiting a hearing before the committee. Click the arrows at the top of each table to sort by name, court, or the date of an individual's formal nomination. For a list of non-Article III nominees,click here.

Confirmed to their positions

Nominees in this table have been confirmed by the fullUnited States Senate. So far, 33 Trump nominees have been confirmed by the Senate.

Waiting for vote in Senate

No nominees are awaiting a vote in the Senate.

Waiting for committee vote

The nominees in this table are awaiting a vote in the appropriateU.S. Senate committee following the hearing. Number of nominees awaiting a vote: 4

Waiting for committee hearing

Note: Individuals without a date in the "first nomination" column have been announced as nominees by Trump but not yet formally nominated.No nominees are awaiting a hearing in committee.

Presidential and congressional approval ratings

See also:Ballotpedia's Polling Indexes

Multistate lawsuits against the federal government

See also:Multistate lawsuits against the federal government during the Trump administration, 2025

Multistate lawsuits are legal actions involving two or more state attorneys general. As of May 25, 2025,24 multistate lawsuits had been filed against the second Trump administration.^[33]

Click here for an overview of multistate lawsuits against the federal government during the second term of the Trump administration.

Vetoed legislation

See also:Donald Trump: Vetoed legislation, 2025-2026

PresidentDonald Trump (R) has issued twovetoes during his second term.

Article I, Section 7 of theConstitution of the United States gives the president of the United States the ability to veto a bill passed byCongress. A veto prevents a bill from being enacted into law. A presidential veto can be overridden by a two-thirds vote in both theSenate and theHouse of Representatives. WhenCongress overrides a veto, the bill becomes law without the president's approval.

Click here for an overview of vetoed legislation during the second Trump administration.

Tie-breaking votes cast by J.D. Vance in the U.S. Senate

See also:Tie-breaking votes cast by J.D. Vance in the U.S. Senate

Vice PresidentJ.D. Vance (R) has casteighttie-breaking vote in the U.S. Senate.

UnderArticle I, Section 3, Clause 4 of theU.S. Constitution, the vice president of the United States also serves as the president of the Senate. In this capacity, he or she may cast the deciding vote when there is a tie in the Senate.

John Adams cast the first tie-breaking vote on July 18, 1789. As of January 21, 2026, there were309 tie-breaking votes from 38 vice presidents.Kamala Harris (D) (2021-2025) cast the most tie-breaking votes (33) during her tenure as vice president, John C. Calhoun (1825 - 1832) cast the second most (31), and Adams (1789 - 1797) cast the third most (29).

Twelve vice presidents, includingJoe Biden andDan Quayle, never cast a tie-breaking vote during their time in office.^[34]

For an overview of tie-breaking votes cast by previous vice presidents,click here.

Click here for an overview of tie-breaking votes cast by Vance.

Transition Tracker

See also:Donald Trump presidential transition, 2024-2025

This section provides an archive of news updates related to the second Trump presidential transition.

See also

• Donald Trump
• Donald Trump presidential transition, 2024-2025
• J.D. Vance
• Confirmation process for Donald Trump's Cabinet nominees, 2025-2026
• Presidential election, 2024

Footnotes