Deborah Ross

Democratic Party

Candidate, U.S. House North Carolina District 2

U.S. House North Carolina District 2

Tenure

2021 - Present

Term ends

2027

Years in position

5

Predecessor:George E.B. Holding (R)

Prior offices:

North Carolina House of Representatives District 34

Years in office: 2003 - 2013

Compensation

Base salary

$174,000

Elections and appointments

Last election

November 5, 2024

Next election

November 3, 2026

Personal

Profession

Attorney

Contact

Official website

Official Facebook

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Official Instagram

Official YouTube

Campaign website

Campaign Facebook

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Campaign Instagram

Personal Facebook

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Deborah Ross (Democratic Party) is a member of theU.S. House, representingNorth Carolina's 2nd Congressional District. She assumed office on January 3, 2021. Her current term ends on January 3, 2027.

Ross (Democratic Party) is running for re-election to theU.S. House to representNorth Carolina's 2nd Congressional District. The Democratic primary for this office onMarch 3, 2026, was canceled.

Biography

Deborah Ross was born inPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1963. She earned her bachelor's degree in international relations from Brown University in 1985 and her law degree from the University of North Carolina Law School in 1990.^[1][2] She previously worked as an attorney.^[2] Ross served in theNorth Carolina House of Representatives from 2003 to 2013.^[1]

Committee assignments

U.S. House

2025-2026

Ross was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

• Committee on Judiciary
• Courts, Intellectual Property, Artificial Intelligence, and the Internet Subcommittee
• Immigration Integrity, Security, and Enforcement Subcommittee
• Committee on Ethics
• Committee on Science, Space, and Technology
• Energy
• Environment

2023-2024

Ross was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

• Committee on Judiciary
• Committee on Science, Space, and Technology
• Energy
• Environment,Ranking Member
• Committee on Ethics

2021-2022

Ross was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

• Committee on Judiciary
• Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties,Vice Chair
• Courts, Intellectual Property, and the Internet
• Committee on Rules
• Expedited Procedures,Vice Chair
• Legislative and Budget Process
• Committee on Science, Space, and Technology
• Energy
• Research and Technology

Elections

2026

See also: North Carolina's 2nd Congressional District election, 2026

General election

The candidate list in this election may not be complete.

General election for U.S. House North Carolina District 2

IncumbentDeborah Ross,Eugene Douglass, andMatthew Laszacs are running in the general election for U.S. House North Carolina District 2 on November 3, 2026.

		Candidate
		Deborah Ross (D)
		Eugene Douglass (R)
		Matthew Laszacs (L)

---

	Incumbents arebolded and underlined.
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Democratic primary election

The Democratic primary election was canceled. IncumbentDeborah Ross advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House North Carolina District 2.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Robert Bennett (D)

Republican primary election

The Republican primary election was canceled.Eugene Douglass advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House North Carolina District 2.

Libertarian primary election

The Libertarian primary election was canceled.Matthew Laszacs advanced from the Libertarian primary for U.S. House North Carolina District 2.

Endorsements

2024

See also: North Carolina's 2nd Congressional District election, 2024

North Carolina's 2nd Congressional District election, 2024 (March 5 Democratic primary)

North Carolina's 2nd Congressional District election, 2024 (March 5 Republican primary)

General election

General election for U.S. House North Carolina District 2

IncumbentDeborah Ross defeatedAlan Swain andMichael Dublin in the general election for U.S. House North Carolina District 2 on November 5, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Deborah Ross (D)	66.3	268,662
		Alan Swain (R)	31.6	128,164
		Michael Dublin (G)	2.1	8,691

---

	Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 405,517
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Jon Bass (Independent)

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House North Carolina District 2

IncumbentDeborah Ross defeatedMichael Camero in the Democratic primary for U.S. House North Carolina District 2 on March 5, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Deborah Ross	93.6	69,564
		Michael Camero	6.4	4,761

---

	Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 74,325
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House North Carolina District 2

Alan Swain defeatedEugene Douglass andRobert Morales Vergara in the Republican primary for U.S. House North Carolina District 2 on March 5, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Alan Swain	59.5	25,759
		Eugene Douglass	22.5	9,751
		Robert Morales Vergara	17.9	7,747

---

	There were noincumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 43,257
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Sandy Roberson (R)

Green primary election

The Green primary election was canceled.Michael Dublin advanced from the Green primary for U.S. House North Carolina District 2.

Endorsements

2022

See also: North Carolina's 2nd Congressional District election, 2022

North Carolina's 2nd Congressional District election, 2022 (May 17 Republican primary)

North Carolina's 2nd Congressional District election, 2022 (May 17 Democratic primary)

General election

General election for U.S. House North Carolina District 2

IncumbentDeborah Ross defeatedChristine Villaverde in the general election for U.S. House North Carolina District 2 on November 8, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Deborah Ross (D)	64.7	190,714
		Christine Villaverde (R)	35.3	104,155

---

	Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 294,869
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team.

Democratic primary election

The Democratic primary election was canceled. IncumbentDeborah Ross advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House North Carolina District 2.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• James Gailliard (D)

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House North Carolina District 2

Christine Villaverde defeatedMahesh Ganorkar andAdina Safta in the Republican primary for U.S. House North Carolina District 2 on May 17, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Christine Villaverde	55.1	19,650
		Mahesh Ganorkar	25.6	9,133
		Adina Safta	19.3	6,872

---

	There were noincumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 35,655
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Sid Sharma (R)
• Richard Ahrens (R)

2020

See also: North Carolina's 2nd Congressional District election, 2020

North Carolina's 2nd Congressional District election, 2020 (March 3 Democratic primary)

North Carolina's 2nd Congressional District election, 2020 (March 3 Republican primary)

General election

General election for U.S. House North Carolina District 2

Deborah Ross defeatedAlan Swain andJeff Matemu in the general election for U.S. House North Carolina District 2 on November 3, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Deborah Ross (D)	63.0	311,887
		Alan Swain (R)	34.8	172,544
		Jeff Matemu (L)	2.2	10,914

---

	There were noincumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 495,345
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team.

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House North Carolina District 2

Deborah Ross defeatedMonika Johnson-Hostler,Andrew Terrell, andOllie Nelson in the Democratic primary for U.S. House North Carolina District 2 on March 3, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Deborah Ross	69.8	103,574
		Monika Johnson-Hostler	22.5	33,369
		Andrew Terrell	5.8	8,666
		Ollie Nelson	1.8	2,677

---

	There were noincumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 148,286
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Jason Butler (D)
• Scott Cooper (D)

Republican primary election

The Republican primary election was canceled.Alan Swain advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House North Carolina District 2.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Michael Williams (R)

Libertarian primary election

The Libertarian primary election was canceled.Jeff Matemu advanced from the Libertarian primary for U.S. House North Carolina District 2.

2016

Obama endorsement
During the 2016 election cycle Ross was one of the candidates endorsed by PresidentBarack Obama
Full list of Obama's 2016 endorsements

See also:United States Senate election in North Carolina, 2016

The race forNorth Carolina's U.S. Senate seat was one of nine competitivebattleground races in 2016 that helped Republicans maintain control of the upper chamber after the November 8 general election. Incumbent Sen.Richard Burr (R) won re-election, defeating former state Rep.Deborah Ross (D) and pizza delivery driverSean Haugh (L) in the general election.

While many senators faced competitive re-election campaigns began campaigning earlier in the year, Burr, chair of theSenate Intelligence Committee, focused on his committee responsibilities and did not officially launch his campaign until October 7, 2016.He toldThe Associated Press, “I become a candidate on Oct. 7, when the United States Senate is adjourned. I don't want there to be any question between the separation of Senate business, so I have very few conversations with campaigns and it really plays no role in my actions." Some Republican strategists were worried that Burr’s failure to attack Ross early in the race would hurt him on Election Day, while others said “Burr’s low-key style fits the ethos of the state well.”^[3][4]

RepublicanDonald Trump, who did not establish a strong ground game in the state, and North Carolina GovernorPat McCrory (R), who was unpopular because of his stance on the state’s“bathroom bill,” complicated Burr’s path to re-election. Referring to Trump and McCrory, North Carolina GOP consultant Carter Wrenn said, “If it was a normal year, and it was just Richard and Deborah, you’d have to say Richard had a solid advantage.”^[4]

With the uncertain political landscape in North Carolina—it was the only state thatThe Cook Political Reportrated as a “toss-up” for president, Senate, and governor—outside Republican groups spent more money on attack ads in the state than they had initially planned for in an effort to maintain control of the Senate. TheNational Republican Senatorial Committee (NRSC) ran ads attacking Ross for being "too liberal" for North Carolina by highlighting her career with theAmerican Civil Liberties Union. The NRSC also created the site“Radical Ross” to showcase Ross’ stance on “countless radical, out-of-touch policies.”^[5][6]

Ross’s campaign spokesman Cole Leiter, who attempted to portray Burr as a Washington insider, responded to the attacks saying, “It’s no surprise that, like a typical Washington politician, [Burr]’s turning to the same big money donors he’s put first all along. But North Carolina voters won’t be fooled — they know it’s time for a change, and no amount of special interest dark money can bail Richard Burr out.”^[7]

Ultimately, Burr was not hurt by his late arrival to the campaign trail or by having Trump or McCrory on the ballot.Burr outperformed Trump. After winning re-election, Burr tweeted: “Thank you North Carolina! Honored to continue serving as your senator.”^[8]

U.S. Senate, North Carolina General Election, 2016

Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Richard BurrIncumbent	51.1%	2,395,376
	Democratic	Deborah Ross	45.4%	2,128,165
	Libertarian	Sean Haugh	3.6%	167,592
Total Votes				4,691,133
Source:North Carolina State Board of Elections

U.S. Senate Republican Primary, 2016

Candidate	Vote %	Votes
Richard BurrIncumbent	61.4%	627,354
Greg Brannon	25.2%	257,331
Paul Wright	8.5%	86,940
Larry Holmquist	4.9%	50,507
Total Votes		1,022,132
Source:North Carolina State Board of Elections

U.S. Senate Democratic Primary, 2016

Candidate	Vote %	Votes
Deborah Ross	62.4%	607,802
Chris Rey	16.5%	160,663
Kevin Griffin	11.7%	114,180
Ernest Reeves	9.4%	91,694
Total Votes		974,339
Source:North Carolina State Board of Elections

2012

See also:North Carolina House of Representatives elections, 2012

Ross ran for re-election in 2012.Redistricting moved her to District 34. She ran unopposed in the May 8, 2012, Democratic primary and was unchallenged in the general election, which took place on November 6, 2012.^[9][10]

North Carolina House of Representatives, District 34, General Election, 2012

Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Deborah RossIncumbent	97.4%	32,206
	Other	Write-in	2.6%	869
Total Votes				33,075

2010

See also:North Carolina House of Representatives elections, 2010

On November 2, 2010, Ross won election to theNorth Carolina House of Representatives. She had no primary opposition but was challenged byMadison Shook (R) in the general election which took place on November 2, 2010.^[11][12]

North Carolina House of Representatives, General Election Results, District 38 (2010)
Candidates		Votes	Percent
Deborah Ross (D)		14,093	65.63%
Madison Shook (R)		7,382	34.37%

2008

On November 4, 2008, Ross won re-election to theNorth Carolina House of Representatives.^[13] $88,878 was raised for this campaign.^[14]

North Carolina House of Representatives, District 38
Candidates		Votes
Deborah Ross (D)		26,754
Susan J. Hogarth (L)		4,764

Campaign themes

2026

Ballotpedia survey responses

See also:Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection

Deborah Ross has not yet completedBallotpedia's 2026 Candidate Connection survey.Send a message to Deborah Ross asking her to fill out the survey. If you are Deborah Ross,click here to fill out Ballotpedia's 2026 Candidate Connection survey.

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You can ask Deborah Ross to fill out this survey by using the buttons below or emailing info@deborahross.com.

2024

Deborah Ross did not completeBallotpedia's 2024 Candidate Connection survey.

2022

Deborah Ross did not completeBallotpedia's 2022 Candidate Connection survey.

2020

Deborah Ross did not completeBallotpedia's 2020 Candidate Connection survey.

Campaign finance summary

Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf.Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at theFEC website. Clickhere for more on federal campaign finance law andhere for more on state campaign finance law.

Notable endorsements

See also:Ballotpedia: Our approach to covering endorsements

This section displays endorsements this individual made in elections within Ballotpedia'scoverage scope.

Personal finance disclosures

Members of the House are required to file financial disclosure reports. You can search disclosure reports on the House’s official websitehere.

Analysis

Below are links to scores and rankings Ballotpedia compiled for members of Congress. We chose analyses that help readers understand how each individual legislator fit into the context of the chamber as a whole in terms of ideology, bill advancement, bipartisanship, and more.

If you would like to suggest an analysis for inclusion in this section, please emaileditor@ballotpedia.org.

119th Congress (2025-2027)

118th Congress (2023-2025)

117th Congress (2021-2023)

Key votes

See also:Key votes Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, clickhere.

Key votes: 118th Congress, 2023-2025

The118th United States Congress began on January 3, 2023, and ended on January 3, 2025. At the start of the session, Republicans held the majority in theU.S. House of Representatives (222-212), and Democrats held the majority in theU.S. Senate (51-49).Joe Biden (D) was the president andKamala Harris (D) was the vice president. We identified the key votes below usingCongress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 118th Congress, 2023-2025
Vote	Bill and description	Status
Yea	National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024   The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (H.R. 2670) was a bill passed by the118th Congress and signed into law by PresidentJoe Biden (D) on December 22, 2023, authorizingDepartment of Defense activities and programs for fiscal year 2024. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.[15]	Passed (310-118)[16]
Nay	To terminate the requirement imposed by the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for proof of COVID-19 vaccination for foreign travelers, and for other purposes.   H.R. 185 (To terminate the requirement imposed by the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for proof of COVID-19 vaccination for foreign travelers, and for other purposes.) was a bill approved by theHouse of Representatives that sought to nullify aCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) order restricting the entry of foreign citizens to the United States unless the individual was vaccinated against the coronavirus or attested they would take public health measures to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[17]	Passed (227-201)[18]
Nay	Limit, Save, Grow Act of 2023   The Limit, Save, Grow Act of 2023 (H.R. 2811) was a bill approved by theHouse of Representatives that sought to raise the federal debt limit before a June 5, 2023, deadline. The bill also sought to repeal certain green energy tax credits, increase domestic natural gas and oil production, expand work requirements for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program, and nullify PresidentJoe Biden's (D) proposed student loan debt cancellation program. This bill was not taken up in the Senate, and the debt limit was instead raised through theFiscal Responsibility Act of 2023. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[19]	Passed (217-215)[20]
Present	Denouncing the horrors of socialism.   H.Con.Res. 9 (Denouncing the horrors of socialism.) was a resolution approved by theHouse of Representatives denouncing socialism and opposing the implementation of socialist policies in the United States. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the House.[21]	Passed (328-86)[22]
Nay	Lower Energy Costs Act   The Lower Energy Costs Act (H.R. 1) was a bill approved by theHouse of Representatives that sought to increase domestic energy production and exports by increasing the production of oil, natural gas, and coal, reducing permitting restrictions for pipelines, refineries, and other energy projects, and increase the production of minerals used in electronics, among other energy production-related policies. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[23]	Passed (225-204)[24]
Nay	Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights".   H.J.Res. 30 (Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights".) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of theCongressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the118th Congress andvetoed by PresidentJoe Biden (D) on March 20, 2023. This was Biden's first veto of his presidency. The resolution sought to nullify aDepartment of Labor rule that amended the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) to allow retirement plans to consider certainenvironmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) factors in investment-related decisions. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the House.[25]Click here to read more.	Passed (219-200)[26]
Nay	Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020.   H.J.Res. 7 (Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020.) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of theCongressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the118th Congress and signed into law by PresidentJoe Biden (D) on April 10, 2023. The resolution ended thenational coronavirus state of emergency, which began on March 13, 2020. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the House.[27]Click here to read more.	Passed (229-197)[28]
Not Voting	Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023   TheFiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 (H.R. 3746) was a bill passed by the118th Congress and signed into law by PresidentJoe Biden (D) on June 3, 2023. The bill raised the federal debt limit until January 2025. The bill also capped non-defense spending in fiscal year 2024, rescinded unspent coronavirus relief funding, rescinded some Internal Revenue Service (IRS) funding, enhanced work requirements for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families program (TANF), simplified environmental reviews for energy projects, and ended the student loan debt repayment pause in August 2023. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[29]Click here to read more.	Passed (314-117)[30]
Rep.Hakeem Jeffries (D-N.Y.)	Speaker of the House election (January 2023) - 15th vote   In January 2023, theHouse of Representatives held itsregular election for Speaker of the House at the start of the118th Congress. Voting began on January 3, and ended on January 7. Rep.Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) was elected speaker of the House in a 216-212 vote during the 15th round of voting. In order to elect a Speaker of the House, a majority of votes cast for a person by name was required.[31]Click here to read more.	Rep.Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) (216-212)
Yea	Declaring the office of Speaker of the House of Representatives to be vacant.   H.Res. 757 (Declaring the office of Speaker of the House of Representatives to be vacant.) was a resolution passed by the House of Representatives that removed Rep.Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) from his position as Speaker of the House. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the House.[32]Click here to read more.	Passed (216-210)[33]
Rep.Hakeem Jeffries (D-N.Y.)	Speaker of the House election (October 2023) - 4th vote   In October 2023, following Rep.Kevin McCarthy's (R-Calif.) removal as Speaker of the House, theHouse of Representatives heldanother election for the position. Voting began on October 17 and ended on October 25. Rep.Mike Johnson (R-La.) was elected Speaker of the House in a 220-209 vote in the fourth round of voting. In order to elect a Speaker of the House, a majority of votes cast for a person by name was required.[34]Click here to read more.	Rep.Mike Johnson (R-La.) (220-209)
Nay	Directing certain committees to continue their ongoing investigations as part of the existing House of Representatives inquiry into whether sufficient grounds exist for the House of Representatives to exercise its Constitutional power to impeach Joseph Biden, President of the United States of America, and for other purposes.   H.Res. 918 (Directing certain committees to continue their ongoing investigations as part of the existing House of Representatives inquiry into whether sufficient grounds exist for the House of Representatives to exercise its Constitutional power to impeach Joseph Biden, President of the United States of America, and for other purposes.) was a resolution passed by theHouse of Representatives that formally authorized animpeachment inquiry into PresidentJoe Biden (D). The inquiry focused on allegations that Biden used his influence as vice president from 2009 to 2017 to improperly profit from his son Hunter Biden's business dealings. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the House.[35]Click here to read more.	Passed (221-212)[36]
Yea	Providing for the expulsion of Representative George Santos from the United States House of Representatives.   H.Res. 878 (Providing for the expulsion of Representative George Santos from the United States House of Representatives.) was a resolution passed by the House of Representatives that removed Rep.George Santos (R-N.Y.) from office following aHouse Ethics Committee investigation that determined there was substantial evidence that Santos violated the law during his 2020 and 2022 campaigns. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the House.[37]	Passed (311-114)[38]
Yea	The Social Security Fairness Act of 2023   The Social Security Fairness Act of 2023 (H.R. 82) was a bill passed by the118th Congress and signed into law by PresidentJoe Biden (D) on January 5, 2025, that reduced Social Security benefits for individuals who received other pensions from state or local governments. It also eliminated an offset that would reduce benefits for spouses and widows of individuals with government pensions. It also eliminated a provision that reduced benefits for an individual who received a pension or disability benefit from an employer that did not withhold Social Security taxes. This bill required a 2/3rds majority vote to pass.[39]	Passed (327-75)[40]
Nay	Secure the Border Act of 2023   The Secure the Border Act of 2023 (H.R. 2) was passed by theU.S. House on May 11, 2024. This bill would have introduced limits to asylum eligibility and required employers to use electronic verification of employee's legal eligibility to work. This bill required a simple majority vote.[41]	Passed (219-213)[42]
Nay	Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024   The Consolidated Appropriations Act 2024 (H.R. 4366) was a bill passed by the118th Congress and signed into law by PresidentJoe Biden (D) on March 9, 2024, authorizing appropriations for various government departments for the fiscal year 2024. The bill required a majority vote to pass.[43]	Passed (219-211)[44]
Yea	Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024   The Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024 (H.R. 7024) was a bill passed by theU.S. House on January 31, 2024, that would have modified the U.S. tax code, increasing how much money can be given back in credits and what is exempt. This bill required a 2/3rds majority vote to pass.[45]	Passed (357-70)[46]
Nay	Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025   The Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (H.R. 8070) was passed by theU.S. House on June 14, 2024. The bill would have modified defense spending in the fiscal year 2025. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.[47]	Passed (217-199)[48]
Yea	Antisemitism Awareness Act of 2023   The Antisemitism Awareness Act of 2023 (H.R. 6090) was passed by theU.S. House on May 1, 2024. This bill made it so the Department of Education's Office of Civil Rights could have the authority to use the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance's definition of antisemitism when investigating cases of discrimination. This bill required a simple majority vote to pass.[49]	Passed (320-91)[50]
Yea	FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024   The FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 (H.R.3935) was a bill passed by the118th Congress and signed into law by PresidentJoe Biden (D) on May 16, 2024, that reauthorized Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) funding until fiscal year 2028. The bill also made other modifications to address various department-related issues. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.[51]	Passed (387-26)[52]
Nay	Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act   The Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act (H.R. 9495) was passed by theU.S. House on November 21, 2024. The bill would have postponed U.S. tax deadlines for citizens who were wrongfully detained abroad. This bill required a simple majority to pass.[53]	Passed (219-184)[54]
Nay	Impeaching Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, for high crimes and misdemeanors.   H.Res.863, Impeaching Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, for high crimes and misdemeanors, passed the U.S. House on February 13, 2024. The resolution impeached U.S. Secretary ofHomeland SecurityAlejandro Mayorkas (D) for high crimes and misdemeanors. The motion to impeach required a majority in the House and a 2/3rds vote in the Senate.[55]	Passed (214-213)[56]
Yea	Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025   H.R.9747, the Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025, was passed by the118th Congress and signed into law by PresidentJoe Biden (D) on September 26, 2024, providing funding to federal agencies, including the Secret Service, and federal programs for the 2025 fiscal year. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.[57]	Passed (341-82)[58]

Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress

Key votes(click to expand)

Key votes: 117th Congress, 2021-2023

The117th United States Congress began on January 3, 2021 and ended on January 3, 2023. At the start of the session, Democrats held the majority in theU.S. House of Representatives (222-213), and theU.S. Senate had a 50-50 makeup. Democrats assumed control of the Senate on January 20, 2021, when PresidentJoe Biden (D) and Vice PresidentKamala Harris (D), who acted as a tie-breaking vote in the chamber, assumed office. We identified the key votes below usingCongress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 117th Congress, 2021-2023
Vote	Bill and description	Status
Yea	Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act   TheInfrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (H.R. 3684) was a federal infrastructure bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on November 15, 2021. Among other provisions, the bill provided funding for new infrastructure projects and reauthorizations, Amtrak maintenance and development, bridge repair, replacement, and rehabilitation, clean drinking water, high-speed internet, and clean energy transmission and power infrastructure upgrades. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[59]Click here to read more.	Passed (228-206)
Yea	American Rescue Plan Act of 2021   TheAmerican Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (H.R. 1319) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 11, 2021, to provide economic relief in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Key features of the bill included funding for a national vaccination program and response, funding to safely reopen schools, distribution of $1,400 per person in relief payments, and extended unemployment benefits. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[60]Click here to read more.	Passed (220-210)
Yea	Inflation Reduction Act of 2022   TheInflation Reduction Act of 2022 (H.R. 5376) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 16, 2022, to address climate change, healthcare costs, and tax enforcement. Key features of the bill included a $369 billion investment to address energy security and climate change, an extension of Affordable Care Act subsidies, allowing Medicare to negotiate certain drug prices, a 15% corporate minimum tax, a 1% stock buyback fee, and enhanced Internal Revenue Service (IRS) enforcement, and an estimated $300 billion deficit reduction from 2022-2031. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[61]Click here to read more.	Passed (220-207)
Yea	Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act   The Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act (H.R. 3617) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to decriminalize marijuana, establish studies of legal marijuana sales, tax marijuana imports and production, and establish a process to expunge and review federal marijuana offenses. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[62]	Passed (220-204)
Yea	For the People Act of 2021   TheFor the People Act of 2021 (H.R. 1) was a federal election law and government ethics bill approved by the House of Representatives. The Congressional Research Service said the bill would "expand voter registration (e.g., automatic and same-day registration) and voting access (e.g., vote-by-mail and early voting). It [would also limit] removing voters from voter rolls. ... Further, the bill [would address] campaign finance, including by expanding the prohibition on campaign spending by foreign nationals, requiring additional disclosure of campaign-related fundraising and spending, requiring additional disclaimers regarding certain political advertising, and establishing an alternative campaign funding system for certain federal offices." The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[63]Click here to read more.	Passed (220-210)
Yea	Assault Weapons Ban of 2022   The Assault Weapons Ban of 2022 (H.R. 1808) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives that sought to criminalize the knowing import, sale, manufacture, transfer, or possession of semiautomatic assault weapons (SAW) or large capacity ammunition feeding devices (LCAFD). The bill made exemptions for grandfathered SAWs and LCAFDs. It required a simple majority vote in the House.[64]	Passed (217-213)
Yea	National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022   The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (S. 1605) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 27, 2021, authorizingDepartment of Defense acitivities and programs for fiscal year 2022. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[65]	Passed (363-70)
Yea	James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023   The James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (H.R. 7776) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 23, 2022, authorizing Department of Defense activities and programs for fiscal year 2023. The bill required a 2/3 majority in the House to suspend rules and pass the bill as amended.[66]	Passed (350-80)
Yea	American Dream and Promise Act of 2021   The American Dream and Promise Act of 2021 (H.R. 6) was an immigration bill approved by the House of Representatives that proposed a path to permanent residence status for unauthorized immigrants eligible for Temporary Protected Status or Deferred Enforced Departure, among other immigration-related proposals. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[67]	Passed (228-197)
Yea	Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022   The Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022 (S. 3373) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 10, 2022, that sought to address healthcare access, the presumption of service-connection, and research, resources, and other matters related to veterans who were exposed to toxic substances during military service. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[68]	Passed (342-88)
Yea	Chips and Science Act   The Chips and Science Act (H.R. 4346) was a bill approved by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 9, 2022, which sought to fund domestic production of semiconductors and authorized various federal science agency programs and activities. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[69]	Passed (243-187)
Yea	Women’s Health Protection Act of 2021   The Women's Health Protection Act of 2021 (H.R. 3755) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives. The bill proposed prohibiting governmental restrictions on the provision of and access to abortion services and prohibiting governments from issuing some other abortion-related restrictions. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[70]	Passed (218-211)
Yea	SAFE Banking Act of 2021   The SAFE Banking Act of 2021 (H.R. 1996) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives that proposed prohibiting federal regulators from penalizing banks for providing services to legitimate cannabis-related businesses and defining proceeds from such transactions as not being proceeds from unlawful activity, among other related proposals. Since the House moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill in an expedited process, it required a two-thirds majority vote in the House.[71]	Passed (321-101)
Yea	Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022   The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (H.R. 2471) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 15, 2022, providing for the funding of federal agencies for the remainder of 2022, providing funding for activities related to Ukraine, and modifying or establishing various programs. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[72]	Passed (260-171)
Yea	Equality Act   The Equality Act (H.R. 5) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that proposed prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity in areas including public accommodations and facilities, education, federal funding, employment, housing, credit, and the jury system, among other related proposals. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[73]	Passed (224-206)
Yea	Respect for Marriage Act   TheRespect for Marriage Act (H.R. 8404) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 13, 2022. The bill codified the recognition of marriages between individuals of the same sex and of different races, ethnicities, or national origins, and provided that the law would not impact religious liberty or conscience protections, or provide grounds to compel nonprofit religious organizations to recognize same-sex marriages. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[74]Click here to read more.	Passed (258-169)
Yea	Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023   The Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (H.R. 6833) was a bill approved by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 30, 2022. It provided for some fiscal year 2023 appropriations, supplemental funds for Ukraine, and extended several other programs and authorities. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[75]	Passed (230-201)
Yea	Consumer Fuel Price Gouging Prevention Act   The Consumer Fuel Price Gouging Prevention Act (H.R. 7688) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to prohibit individuals from selling consumer fuels at excessive prices during a proclaimed energy emergency. It would have also required the Federal Trade Commission to investigate whether the price of gasoline was being manipulated. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[76]	Passed (217-207)
Yea	Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2021   The Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2021 (H.R. 8) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to prohibit the transfer of firearms between private parties unless a licensed firearm vendor conducted a background check on the recipient. The bill also provided for certain exceptions to this requirement. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[77]	Passed (227-203)
Yea	Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act   TheFreedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act was a federal elections bill approved by the House of Representatives and voted down by the Senate in a failed cloture vote that sought to, among other provisions, make Election Day a public holiday, allow for same-day voter registration, establish minimum early voting periods, and allow absentee voting for any reason, restrict the removal of local election administrators in federal elections, regulate congressional redistricting, expand campaign finance disclosure rules for some organizations, and amend the Voting Rights Act to require some states to obtain clearance from the U.S. Department of Justice before implementing new election laws. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[78]Click here to read more.	Passed (220-203)
Yea	Bipartisan Safer Communities Act   TheBipartisan Safer Communities Act (S. 2938) was a firearm regulation and mental health bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on June 25, 2022. Provisions of the bill included expanding background checks for individuals under the age of 21, providing funding for mental health services, preventing individuals who had been convicted of a domestic violence misdemeanor or felony in dating relationships from purchasing firearms for five years, providing funding for state grants to implement crisis intervention order programs, and providing funding for community-based violence prevention initiatives. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[79]Click here to read more.	Passed (234-193)
Yea	Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.   This was a resolution before the 117th Congress setting forth anarticle of impeachment saying thatDonald Trump (R) incited an insurrection against the government of the United States on January 6, 2021. The House of Representatives approved the article of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of the charges. The article of impeachment required a simple majority vote in the House.[80]Click here to read more.	Passed (232-197)
Yea	Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022   TheElectoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act was a bill passed by the 117th Congress in the form of an amendment to a year-end omnibus funding bill that was signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 23, 2022. The bill changed the procedure for counting electoral votes outlined in the Electoral Count Act of 1887. Elements of the bill included specifying that the vice president's role at the joint session of congress to count electoral votes is ministerial, raising the objection threshold at the joint session of congress to count electoral votes to one-fifth of the members of both the House of Representatives and the Senate, identifying governors as the single official responsible for submitting the certificate of ascertainment identifying that state’s electors, and providing for expedited judicial review of certain claims about states' certificates identifying their electors. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.[81]Click here to read more.	Passed (225-201)

State legislative tenure

Committee assignments

2013-2014

At the beginning of the 2013 legislative session, Ross served on the following committees:

2011-2012

In the 2011-2012 legislative session, Ross served on the following committees:

2009-2010

In the 2009-2010 legislative session, Ross served on the following committees:

See also

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