Commission-referred ballot measure
 |
| Initiated |
| •Initiated constitutional amendment |
| •Initiated state statute |
| •Veto referendum |
| Legislative |
| •Legislative constitutional amendment |
| •Legislative state statute |
| •Legislative bond issue |
| •Advisory question |
| Other |
| •Automatic ballot referral |
| •Commission-referred measure |
| •Convention-referred amendment |
Acommission-referred ballot measures is aballot measure that a commission votes to place on the ballot. These ballot measures, depending on the commission's powers, could beconstitutional amendments or statutes.
The commissions are not legislatures but have been granted the power to propose ballot measures, either through a prior act of a state legislature or state constitutional language.
As of 2026, two states —Arizona andFlorida — have commissions that have the power to refer measures to statewide ballots. In Arizona, the commission can refer statutes related to government salaries. In Florida, the commissions can refer state constitutional amendments.
Commission-referred ballot measures on the ballot
- See also:2026 ballot measures and2027 ballot measures
There are no ballot measures of this type that have qualified for the ballot.
Commissions
Arizona
Commission on Salaries for Elective State Officers
In Arizona, theCommission on Salaries for Elective State Officers (CSESO) has the power to review and recommend salaries for elected state officers, including legislators. The commission's recommendations for non-legislative offices are submitted to the governor, who then decides whether to include the changes in the next state budget proposal. The commission's recommendations for state legislators, including senators and representatives, are referred to voters at the next regular general election.[1]
Article V, Section 12 of theArizona Constitution provides for the commission's power to refer ballot measures on legislative salaries. The ballot question must be formatted as, "Shall the recommendations of the commission on salaries forelective state officers concerning legislative salaries be accepted?"[1]
Florida
In Florida, there are two commissions that have the power to refer constitutional amendments to the ballot. The commissions are theConstitution Revision Commission (CRC) andTaxation and Budget Reform Commission (TBRC).
Constitution Revision Commission
TheConstitution Revision Commission (CRC) is a 37-member commission that has the power to review and propose changes to theFlorida Constitution and refer constitutional amendments to voters. The CRC convenes every 20 years on the following schedule: 1977, 1997, 2017, 2037, 2057, and so on, perArticle XI, Section 2 of theFlorida Constitution.[2]
Taxation and Budget Reform Commission
TheTaxation and Budget Reform Commission (TBRC) is a 25-member commission that has the power to review and propose changes to the state's "budgetary process, the revenue needs and expenditure processes of the state, the appropriateness of the tax structure of the state, and governmental productivity and efficiency." When a proposal would change theFlorida Constitution, the constitutional amendment is referred to voters as a ballot measure. The CRC convenes every 20 years on the following schedule: 2007, 2027, 2047, 2067, and so on., perArticle XI, Section 6 of theFlorida Constitution.[2]
Types of ballot measures
Most ballot measures are placed on the ballot throughcitizen initiatives orlegislative processes. Others are placed on the ballot automatically, by a special commission, or by a state constitutional convention. The following is a list of different types of state ballot measures:
See also
- Forms of direct democracy in the American states
- Amending state constitutions
- Constitutional amendment
- Types of ballot measures
- Types of citizen-initiated ballot measures
- List of ballot measures by state
Footnotes
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