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California State Senate

From Ballotpedia
California State Senate
SLP-Infobox Image-Color.png
General Information
Party control:  Democrat
Session start:  January 5, 2026
Session end:  August 31, 2026
Term length:  4 years
Term limits:  12 years[1][2]
Redistricting:  Commission
Salary:  $132,703/year + per diem
Members
Total:  40
Democrats:  30
Republicans:  10
Other:  0
Vacancies:  0
Leadership
President:  Eleni Kounalakis (D)
Maj. Leader:  TBD
Min. Leader:  Brian Jones (California) (R)
Elections
Last election:  November 5, 2024
Next election:  November 3, 2026


TheCalifornia State Senate is theupper chamber of theCalifornia State Legislature. Alongside theCalifornia State Assembly, it forms the legislative branch of the California state government and works alongside thegovernor of California to create laws and establish a state budget. Legislative authority and responsibilities of the California State Senate include passing bills on public policy matters, setting levels for state spending, raising and lowering taxes, and voting to uphold or override gubernatorial vetoes.

The California State Senate meets in the state capitol building inSacramento, California.

  • Twenty seats out of the California State Senate's 40 seats are up for election in2026.
  • Twenty seats out of the California State Senate's 40 seats were up for election in2024. Democrats lost one seat for a 30-9 majority.
  • California has a Democratictrifecta. The Democratic Party controls the office of governor and both chambers of the state legislature.
  • This page contains the following information on the California State Senate.

    Contents

    Party control

    Current partisan control

    The table below shows the partisan breakdown of the California State Senate as of February 2026:

    Partisan composition, California State Senate
    As of February 2026
    PartyMembers
    Democratic30
    Republican10
    Other0
    Vacancies0
    Total40

    Members

    Leadership

    Thelieutenant governor serves as president of the Senate but only casts a vote in the case of a tie. The president pro tempore is the presiding officer.[3]

    Leadership and members


    OfficeNamePartyDate assumed office
    California State Senate District 1Megan DahleRepublicanDecember 2, 2024
    California State Senate District 2Mike McGuireDemocraticDecember 1, 2014
    California State Senate District 3Christopher CabaldonDemocraticDecember 2, 2024
    California State Senate District 4Marie Alvarado-GilRepublicanDecember 5, 2022
    California State Senate District 5Jerry McNerneyDemocraticDecember 2, 2024
    California State Senate District 6Roger NielloRepublicanDecember 5, 2022
    California State Senate District 7Jesse ArreguínDemocraticDecember 2, 2024
    California State Senate District 8Angelique AshbyDemocraticDecember 5, 2022
    California State Senate District 9Tim GraysonDemocraticDecember 2, 2024
    California State Senate District 10Aisha WahabDemocraticDecember 5, 2022
    California State Senate District 11Scott WienerDemocratic2016
    California State Senate District 12Shannon GroveRepublicanDecember 5, 2022
    California State Senate District 13Josh BeckerDemocraticDecember 7, 2020
    California State Senate District 14Anna CaballeroDemocraticDecember 5, 2022
    California State Senate District 15Dave CorteseDemocraticDecember 7, 2020
    California State Senate District 16Melissa HurtadoDemocraticDecember 5, 2022
    California State Senate District 17John LairdDemocraticDecember 7, 2020
    California State Senate District 18Steve PadillaDemocraticDecember 5, 2022
    California State Senate District 19Rosilicie Ochoa BoghRepublicanDecember 2, 2024
    California State Senate District 20Caroline MenjivarDemocraticDecember 5, 2022
    California State Senate District 21Monique LimónDemocraticDecember 2, 2024
    California State Senate District 22Susan RubioDemocraticDecember 3, 2018
    California State Senate District 23Suzette Martinez ValladaresRepublicanDecember 2, 2024
    California State Senate District 24Ben AllenDemocraticDecember 5, 2022
    California State Senate District 25Sasha Renée PérezDemocraticDecember 2, 2024
    California State Senate District 26Maria Elena DurazoDemocraticDecember 5, 2022
    California State Senate District 27Henry SternDemocratic2016
    California State Senate District 28Lola Smallwood-CuevasDemocraticDecember 5, 2022
    California State Senate District 29Eloise Gomez ReyesDemocraticDecember 2, 2024
    California State Senate District 30Bob ArchuletaDemocraticDecember 5, 2022
    California State Senate District 31Sabrina CervantesDemocraticDecember 2, 2024
    California State Senate District 32Kelly SeyartoRepublicanDecember 5, 2022
    California State Senate District 33Lena GonzalezDemocraticJune 12, 2019
    California State Senate District 34Tom UmbergDemocratic2018
    California State Senate District 35Laura RichardsonDemocraticDecember 2, 2024
    California State Senate District 36Tony StricklandRepublicanMarch 11, 2025
    California State Senate District 37Steven S. ChoiRepublicanDecember 2, 2024
    California State Senate District 38Catherine BlakespearDemocraticDecember 5, 2022
    California State Senate District 39Akilah WeberDemocraticDecember 2, 2024
    California State Senate District 40Brian JonesRepublicanDecember 5, 2022


    Salaries

    See also:Comparison of state legislative salaries
    State legislative salaries, 2025[4]
    SalaryPer diem
    $132,703/year$236/day

    Swearing in dates

    See also:When state legislators assume office after a general election

    California legislators assume office the first Monday in the December following their election.[5]

    Membership qualifications

    See also:State legislature candidate requirements by state

    According toArticle IV of theCalifornia Constitution:[6]

    A person is ineligible to be a member of the Legislature unless the person is an elector and has been a resident of the legislative district for one year, and a citizen of the United States and a resident of California for 3 years, immediately preceding the election, and service of the full term of office to which the person is seeking to be elected would not exceed the maximum years of service permitted by subdivision (a) of this section.[7]


    Historical party control

    Democrats won control of the California State Senate in 1974. In2024, they won a 30-10 majority.

    The table below shows the partisan history of the California Senate following every general election from 1992 to 2024. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin'sParty Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.

    California State Senate election results: 1992-2024*

    Year'92'94'96'98'00'02'04'06'08'10'12'14'16'18'20'22'24
    Democrats2321242526262525262526252729303230
    Republicans14171515141415151414121413119810
    *The total number of seats does not always equal 40 due to vacancies in the chamber.

    Before 1992

    Republicans controlled the state Senate with majorities from 1896 to 1956. Democrats split the chamber 20-20 in the 1956 elections, and they won a majority in 1958. From 1958 to 2022, Democrats controlled the chamber except for when it was split evenly in 1968 and 1972, both years when native Californian Richard Nixon (R) was elected president.


    Trifecta history

    Astate government trifecta is a term that describes single party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Between 1992 and 2023, California was under the following types of trifecta control:

    • Democratic trifecta: 1999-2003, 2011-2023
    • Republican trifecta: None
    • Divided government: 1992-1998, 2004-2010

    California Party Control: 1992-2026
    Twenty-one years with Democratic trifectas  •  No Republican trifectas
    Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

    Year9293949596979899000102030405060708091011121314151617181920212223242526
    GovernorRRRRRRRDDDDDRRRRRRRDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
    SenateDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
    AssemblyDDDSRDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD


    Elections

    Elections by year

    California state senators serve staggered,four-year terms and half of the Senate is up for election every two years. California holds elections for its legislature in even years.

    2026

    See also:California State Senate elections, 2026

    Elections for theCalifornia State Senate will take place in 2026. The general election is onNovember 3, 2026. The primary isJune 2, 2026. The filing deadline isMarch 6, 2026.

    2024

    See also:California State Senate elections, 2024

    Elections for theCalifornia State Senate took place in 2024. The general election was onNovember 5, 2024. The primary wasMarch 5, 2024. The filing deadline wasDecember 8, 2023.

    In the 2024 elections, Democrats lost one seat but maintained their majority in the California State Senate. The Democratic majority went from 31-9 to 30-10.

    California State Senate
    PartyAs of November 5, 2024After November 6, 2024
        Democratic Party3130
        Republican Party99
        Vacancy01
    Total4040

    2022

    See also:California State Senate elections, 2022

    Elections for theCalifornia State Senate took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for June 7, 2022. The filing deadline was March 11, 2022.

    In the 2022 elections, Democrats increased their majority in the California State Senate from 31-9 to 32-8.

    California State Senate
    PartyAs of November 8, 2022After November 9, 2022
        Democratic Party3132
        Republican Party98
    Total4040

    2020

    See also:California State Senate elections, 2020

    Elections for the office ofCalifornia State Senate took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for March 3, 2020. The filing deadline was December 6, 2019.

    In the 2020 elections, Democrats increased their majority in the California State Senate from 28-11 to 30-9.

    California State Senate
    PartyAs of November 3, 2020After November 4, 2020
        Democratic Party2830
        Republican Party119
        Vacancy11
    Total4040

    2018

    See also:California State Senate elections, 2018

    Elections for theCalifornia State Senate took place in 2018. Atop-two primary election took place on June 5, 2018, and the general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was March 9, 2018. The filing deadline for write-in candidates was May 22, 2018.[8]

    In the 2018 elections, Democrats increased their majority in the California State Senate from 26-14 to 29-11.

    California State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party2629
        Republican Party1411
    Total4040

    2016

    See also:California State Senate elections, 2016

    Elections for theCalifornia State Senate took place in 2016. The primary election was held on June 7, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was February 25, 2016, for candidates filing with signatures. The deadline for candidates using a filing fee to qualify was March 11, 2016.[9] A total of20 seats out of the 40 seats in theCalifornia State Senate were up for election in 2016.

    Heading into the election, Democrats held a 26-13 majority. Democrats gained one seat in the election, giving them a 27-13 majority.

    California State Senate
    PartyAs of November 7, 2016After November 8, 2016
        Democratic Party2627
        Republican Party1313
        Vacancy10
    Total4040
    Click [show] to see election information dating back to 2000

    2014

    See also:California State Senate elections, 2014

    Elections for theCalifornia State Senate took place in 2014. A primary election took place on June 3, 2014. The general election was held onNovember 4, 2014. Thesignature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was March 7, 2014.

    Heading into the election, Democrats held a 27-12 majority. Democrats lost two seats in the election, giving them a 25-14 majority with one vacancy.

    California State Senate
    PartyAs of November 3, 2014After November 4, 2014
        Democratic Party2725
        Republican Party1214
        Vacancy11
    Total4040

    2012

    See also:California State Senate elections, 2012

    Elections for the office of California State Senate took place in 2012. The primary election was held on June 5, 2012, and the general election was held onNovember 6, 2012. The candidate filing deadline was March 9, 2012. State Senate seats in the odd-numbered districts were on the ballot in 2012. Atotal of 20 seats were up for election. In2010, senators from even-numbered districts were up for election. In 2012, voters in the 20 odd-numbered districts went to the polls to elect senators.

    Heading into the election, Democrats held a 25-15 majority. Democrats gained one seat in the election, giving them a 26-12 majority with two vacancies.

    California State Senate
    PartyAs of November 5, 2012After the 2012 Election
        Democratic Party2526
        Republican Party1512
        Vacancy02
    Total4040

    The table below details the 10 districts with the smallest margin of victory in the November 6 general election in 2012.

    2012 Margin of Victory, California State Senate
    DistrictWinnerMargin of VictoryTotal VotesTop Opponent
    District 5Democratic PartyCathleen Galgiani1%281,927Bill Berryhill
    District 27Democratic PartyFran Pavley7.1%369,195Todd Zink
    District 29Republican PartyRobert "Bob" Huff10.2%292,140Greg Diamond
    District 31Democratic PartyRichard Roth10.6%242,202Jeff Miller
    District 19Democratic PartyHannah-Beth Jackson11.4%324,599Mike Stoker
    District 23Republican PartyBill Emmerson12.6%282,563Melissa Ruth O'Donnell
    DistrictDemocratic PartyJames Beall Jr.13.5%282,796Joe Coto
    District 37Republican PartyMimi Walters14%373,681Steve Young
    District 21Republican PartyStephen Knight15.3%266,192Star Moffatt
    District 39Democratic PartyMarty Block16.8%378,317George Plescia

    2010

    See also:California State Senate elections, 2010

    Elections for the office of California State Senate took place in 2010. The primary election was held on June 8, 2010, and the general election was held onNovember 2, 2010. The candidate filing deadline was February 25, 2010. State Senate seats in the even-numbered districts were on the ballot in 2010. There was also a special election for District 37 on June 8, 2010.

    Heading into the election, Democrats held a 24-14 majority. Democrats gained one seat in the election, giving them a 25-14 majority with one vacancy.

    California State Senate
    PartyAs of November 1, 2010After the 2010 Election
        Democratic Party2425
        Republican Party1414
        Vacancy21
    Total4040

    In 2010, the candidates running for Senate raised a total of $23,000,670 in campaign funds. Their top 10 contributors were:[10]

    2010 Donors, California State Senate
    DonorAmount
    California Democratic Party$2,591,242
    California Republican Party$1,249,852
    AT$T$240,088
    Carol Liu for Senate$227,997
    California Association of Realtors$195,600
    Merced County Democratic Central Cmte$190,000
    Republican Party of Stanislaus County$174,000
    California Dental Association$171,200
    California State Council of Laborers$166,835
    California Professional Fire Fighters$158,898

    2008

    See also:California State Senate elections, 2008

    Elections for the California State Senate consisted of a primary election on June 3, 2008, and a general election on November 4, 2008.

    During the 2008 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $45,351,422. The top 10 contributors were:[11]

    2008 Donors, California State Senate
    DonorAmount
    California Democratic Party$2,771,083
    California Republican Party$2,728,227
    Merced County Democratic Central Cmte$290,000
    Santa Barbara County Democratic Party$276,826
    Santa Clara County Democratic Central Cmte$260,000
    At&T$248,481
    California Medical Association$224,400
    California Association of Realtors$223,805
    SEIU California State Council$201,600
    California Professional Fire Fighters$197,842

    2006

    See also:California State Senate elections, 2006

    Elections for the California State Senate consisted of a primary election on June 6, 2006, and a general election on November 7, 2006.

    During the 2006 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $36,599,292. The top 10 contributors were:[12]

    2006 Donors, California State Assembly
    DonorAmount
    California Democratic Party$2,337,829
    California Republican Party$1,552,660
    Republican Central Cmte of Orange County$627,900
    Dutra, John A$523,808
    Monterey County Republican Party$479,000
    At&T$362,421
    California Medical Association$274,150
    California Association of Realtors$186,100
    SEIU California State Council$164,800
    California Building Industry Association$161,055

    2004

    See also:California State Senate elections, 2004

    Elections for the California State Senate consisted of a primary election on March 2, 2004, and a general election on November 2, 2004.

    During the 2004 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $39,487,973. The top 10 contributors were:[13]

    2004 Donors, California State Assembly
    DonorAmount
    California Democratic Party$5,730,671
    California Republican Party$3,001,653
    Sacramento County Republican Party$407,600
    Republican Central Cmte of Orange County$331,900
    San Joaquin County Republican Central Cmte$245,000
    California Medical Association$221,600
    Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians$203,050
    California Dental Association$162,511
    California Association of Realtors$160,597
    At&T$147,260

    2002

    See also:California State Senate elections, 2002

    Elections for the California State Senate consisted of a primary election on March 5, 2002, and a general election on November 5, 2002.

    During the 2002 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $34,311,200. The top 10 contributors were:[14]

    2002 Donors, California State Senate
    DonorAmount
    California Democratic Party$3,547,899
    California Republican Party$1,831,050
    Brulte, Friends of Jim$1,161,242
    Jackie Speier State Senate 2002$589,191
    Friends of Joe Dunn$444,911
    Poochigian Senate Cmte$426,883
    21St Century Insurance$327,250
    California Teachers Association$312,336
    California Medical Association$305,650
    California State Council of Laborers$274,500

    2000

    See also:California State Senate elections, 2000

    Elections for the California State Senate consisted of a primary election on March 7, 2000, and a general election on November 7, 2000.

    During the 2000 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $49,599,033. The top 10 contributors were:[15]

    2000 Donors, California State Senate
    DonorAmount
    Senate Majority Fund$3,382,189
    California Democratic Party$2,883,992
    Senate Democratic Leadership Fund$2,648,280
    Friends of Jim Brulte$1,387,153
    California Republican Party$1,363,417
    California Senate Republican Leadership Fund$1,039,850
    California Correctional Peace Officers Association$642,500
    California Teachers Association$493,750
    Native Americans & Peace Officers$475,000
    Working Families for Deborah Ortiz$472,000

    Term limits

    See also:State legislatures with term limits

    TheCalifornia Legislature is one of16 state legislatures with term limits. Since the passage ofProp 28 in 2012, legislators first elected on or after November 6, 2012, are limited to a maximum of 12 years.Prop 140, passed in 1990, affects any members elected prior to November 6, 2012, and limits them to a maximum of two four-year terms (eight years total).[16]


    Vacancies

    See also:How vacancies are filled in state legislatures

    If there is a vacancy in theCalifornia State Legislature, thegovernor must call for a special election. The governor must call the election within 14 calendar days of the vacancy. No special election shall be held if the vacancy occurs after the nominating deadline has passed in the final year of the term of office.[17]

    DocumentIcon.jpgSee sources:California Code, 1773 andCalifornia Cons. Art. IV, § 2

    District map

    See also:California state legislative districts

    The state of California has 40 state Senate districts. Each district elects one senator.


    Use the interactive map below to find your district.



    Redistricting

    See also:Redistricting in California

    In California, a non-politician commission draws both congressional and state legislative district lines. Established in 2008 by ballot initiative, the commission comprises 14 members: fiveDemocrats, fiveRepublicans, and four belonging to neither party. A panel of state auditors selects the pool of nominees from which the commissioners are appointed. This pool comprises 20 Democrats, 20 Republicans, and 20 belonging to neither party. The majority and minority leaders of both chambers of thestate legislature may each remove two members from each of the aforementioned groups. The first eight commission members are selected at random from the remaining nominees. These first eight comprise three Democrats, three Republicans, and two belonging to neither party. The first eight commissioners appoint the remaining six, which must include two Democrats, two Republicans, and two belonging to neither party.[18]

    Commissioners must meet the following requirements in order to serve:[18]

    1. Members must have voted in at least two of the last three statewide elections.
    2. Members cannot have switched party affiliation for at least five years.
    3. "Neither commissioners nor immediate family may have been, within 10 years of appointment, a candidate for federal or state office or member of a party central committee; an officer, employee, or paid consultant to a federal or state candidate or party; a registered lobbyist or paid legislative staff; or a donor of more than $2,000 to an elected candidate."
    4. Members cannot be "staff, consultants or contractors for state or federal government" while serving as commissioners. The same prohibition applies to the family of commission members.

    In order to approve a redistricting plan, nine of the commission's 14 members must vote for it. These nine must include three Democrats, three Republicans, and three belonging to neither party. Maps drawn by the commission may be overturned by public referendum. In the event that a map is overturned by the public, theCalifornia Supreme Court must appoint a group to draw a new map.[18]

    TheCalifornia Constitution requires that districts be contiguous. Further, the state constitution mandates that "to the extent possible, [districts] must ... preserve the geographic integrity of cities, counties, neighborhoods and communities of interest." Districts must also "encourage compactness." State Senate and Assembly districts should be nested within each other where possible.[18]

    2020

    See also:Redistricting in California after the 2020 census

    TheCalifornia Citizens Redistricting Commission voted 14-0 in favor of a new state Assembly and Senate district maps on December 20, 2021, and delivered those maps to thesecretary of state on December 27, 2021.[19][20] These maps took effect for California's 2022 state legislative elections.

    District map after 2020 redistricting

    Below is the state Senate map in effect before and after the 2020 redistricting cycle.

    California State Senate Districts
    until December 1, 2024

    Click a district to compare boundaries.

    California State Senate Districts
    starting December 2, 2024

    Click a district to compare boundaries.


    2010

    See also:Redistricting in California after the 2010 census

    The redistricting commission had until August 15, 2011 to create the maps that would govern the Congressional and legislative districts until 2020. The Commission successfully certified its final maps and handed them over to the Secretary of State on August 15, 2011.[21] These maps went into effect in time for the June 5, 2012 primary.[22]

    Sessions

    Legislation

    The legislation tracker below displays all legislation that the California State Senate has approved in its most recent legislative session—this includes legislation that has been sent from the Senate to the House and legislation that has already been approved by both chambers and signed by the governor. The table below includes the bill number, its name, progress, most recent action date, and sponsor. Scroll up and down and side to side to see more. Click the bill number to read the bill text and see its voting history. Click the headings to sort the content. Rearrange the order of the headings by clicking and dragging them. Click the magnifying glass in the bottom left corner to search for specific terms. The legislation tracker is maintained and updated byBillTrack50.

    Dates of legislative sessions in California by year

    2025

    See also:2025 California legislative session andDates of 2025 state legislative sessions

    In 2025, the legislature was scheduled to convene on December 2, 2024, and adjourn on September 13, 2025.


    Click [show] for past years' session dates.

    2024

    See also:2024 California legislative session andDates of 2024 state legislative sessions

    In 2024, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 3, 2024, and adjourn on August 31, 2024.

    2023

    See also:2023 California legislative session andDates of 2023 state legislative sessions

    In 2023, the legislature was scheduled to convene on December 5, 2022, and adjourn on September 14, 2023.

    2022

    See also:2022 California legislative session andDates of 2022 state legislative sessions

    In 2022, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 3, 2022, and adjourn on August 31, 2022.

    2021

    See also:2021 California legislative session andDates of 2021 state legislative sessions

    In 2021, the legislature was scheduled to convene on December 7, 2020, and adjourn on September 10, 2021.

    2020

    See also:2020 California legislative session andDates of 2020 state legislative sessions

    In 2020, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 6, 2020, and adjourn on August 31, 2020.

    Effect of coronavirus pandemic
    See also:Changes to state legislative session dates in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020
    Covid vnt.png
    Coronavirus pandemic
    Select a topic from the dropdown below to learn more.


    Several state legislatures had their sessions impacted as a result of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. TheCalifornia State Legislature suspended its session, effective March 16, 2020, through May 4, 2020. The suspension had originally been scheduled to last through April 13, 2020. The legislature adjourned on August 31, 2020.[23][24]

    2019

    See also:2019 California legislative session andDates of 2019 state legislative sessions

    In 2019, the legislature was in session from January 7, 2019, through September 13, 2019.

    2018

    See also:2018 California legislative session andDates of 2018 state legislative sessions

    In 2018, the legislature was in session from January 3, 2018, through August 31, 2018. To read about notable events and legislation from this session, clickhere.

    2018

    See also:2018 California legislative session andDates of 2018 state legislative sessions

    In 2018, the legislature was in session from January 3, 2018, through August 31, 2018. To read about notable events and legislation from this session, clickhere.

    2017

    See also:Dates of 2017 state legislative sessions

    In 2017, the legislature was in session from December 5, 2016, through September 15, 2017.

    2016

    See also:Dates of 2016 state legislative sessions

    In 2016, the legislature was in session from January 4 through August 31. The formal session ended on August 31, but constitutionally the session adjourned sine die on November 30.

    2015

    See also:Dates of 2015 state legislative sessions

    In 2015, the legislature was in session from December 1, 2014, through September 12, 2015.

    Major issues in 2015

    Major issues during the 2015 legislative session included medical marijuana, tuition in the University of California system, a proposed tax increase, internet privacy, regulation of web-based businesses, and healthcare for illegal immigrants.[25]

    2014

    See also:Dates of 2014 state legislative sessions

    In 2014, the legislature was in session from January 6 to August 30.

    Major issues in 2014

    Major issues during the 2014 legislative session included the biennial budget, prison overcrowding, and water bonds.[26]

    2013

    See also:Dates of 2013 state legislative sessions

    In 2013, the legislature was in session from December 3, 2012, to September 13, 2013.

    Major issues in 2013

    Major issues in the 2013 legislative session included property taxes for education and tax breaks for students.[27]

    2012

    See also:Dates of 2012 state legislative sessions

    In 2012, the legislature was in session from January 4 to August 31.

    2011

    See also:Dates of 2011 state legislative sessions

    In 2011, the legislature was in session from January 3 through September 9, 2011. The legislature was convened in an extraordinary session to act upon legislation that addressed the fiscal emergency proclaimed by GovernorJerry Brown (R) on January 20, 2011.[28]

    2010

    See also:Dates of 2010 state legislative sessions

    In 2010, the legislature was in session from January 12 to August 31. The legislature held a special session from Aug 27, 2009, to January 11, 2010. The legislature also held three other special sessions during the year on improving the tax system, the budget shortfall, and fiscal emergencies.[29]

    On July 28, 2010, GovernorArnold Schwarzenegger (R) issued a declaration of fiscal emergency. This is allowed underCalifornia's Constitution as approved in 2004 underproposition 58. Upon issuance of a declaration of fiscal emergency, the legislature immediately reconvened and was not able to adjourn until after the fiscal situation was resolved.[30][31]


    About legislative sessions in California

    TheTenth Amendment of theU.S. Constitution declares that any power not already given to the federal government is reserved to the states and the people.[32] State governments across the country use this authority to hold legislative sessions where a state's elected representatives meet for a period of time to draft and vote on legislation and set state policies on issues such as taxation, education, and government spending. The different types of legislation passed by a legislature may include resolutions,legislatively referred constitutional amendments, and bills that become law.

    Article IV of the California Constitution establishes when theCalifornia State Legislature—of which the Senate is a part—is to be in session. Section 3 of Article IV states that the legislature is to meet in regular session on the first Monday of December in each even-numbered year to organize. The legislature adjourns by November 30 of the following even-numbered year.

    Section 3 also gives thegovernor of California the power to call special sessions of the legislature.

    Legislative roles and procedures

    Every state legislature throughout the country features its own internal procedures that it uses to govern itself and how it interacts with other parts of state government. Ballotpedia's coverage of internal state legislative procedures includesveto overrides,the role of the legislature in the state budget,term limits, andprocedures for filling membership vacancies.

    Veto overrides

    Veto Override Graphic-Democratic Party.png

    See also:Veto overrides in state legislatures

    State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in California are listed below.

    How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Two-thirds of members in both chambers.

    Two-thirds of members in both chambers must vote to override a veto, which is 54 of the 80 members in theCalifornia State Assembly and 27 of the 40 members in theCalifornia State Senate. California is one of 36 states that requires a two-thirds vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto.

    Are there other special rules?

    TheCalifornia Legislature has 60 days to override a veto after it has been returned by the governor.[33]

    Authority:Article IV, Section 10 of theCalifornia Constitution.

    "Each bill passed by the Legislature shall be presented to the Governor. It becomes a statute if it is signed by the Governor. The Governor may veto it by returning it with any objections to the house of origin, which shall enter the objections in the journal and proceed to reconsider it. If each house then passes the bill by rollcall vote entered in the journal, two-thirds of the membership concurring, it becomes a statute."

    Role in state budget

    See also:California state budget and finances
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    The state operates on an annual budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[34]

    1. Budget instructions are sent to state agencies beginning inApril.
    2. Agencies submit their budget requests to thegovernor inSeptember.
    3. The governor submits his or her proposed budget to thestate legislature inJanuary.
    4. The legislature adopts a budget inJune. A majority is required to pass a budget. The fiscal year beginsJuly 1.

    California is one of 44 states in which the governor hasline item veto authority.[34][35]

    The governor is required to submit a balanced budget to the legislature. In turn, the legislature is required to adopt a balanced budget.[34]

    Committees

    See also:List of committees in California state government

    Every state legislature and state legislative chamber in the country contains several legislative committees. These committees are responsible for studying, amending, and voting on legislation before it reaches the floor of a chamber for a full vote. The different types of committees include standing committees, select or special, and joint.

    • Standing committees are generally permanent committees, the names of which sometimes change from session to session.
    • Select or special committees are temporary committees formed to deal with specific issues such as recent legislation, major public policy or proposals, or investigations.
    • Joint committees are committees that feature members of both chambers of a legislature.

    Ballotpedia covers standing and joint committees. The California State Senate has 23 standing committees:


    Constitutional amendments

    In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process forreferring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states,initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are alsomany other types of statewide measures.

    The methods in which the California Constitution can be amended:

    See also:Article II andArticle XVIII of theCalifornia Constitution andLaws governing ballot measures in California

    TheCalifornia Constitution can be amended in these ways:

    • Two-thirds of the membership of each chamber of theCalifornia State Legislature must propose an amendment, which then goes on a statewide ballot to be ratified or rejected by the state's voters.
    • The state legislature is allowed to propose revisions (not just amendments) to the constitution.
    • If measures conflict, and they both get more than 50 percent of the vote, the one with the highest number of votes prevails.
    • Ratified amendments take effect on the fifth day after the secretary of state files the statement of the vote for the election.


    See also

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    External links

    Footnotes

    1. According to the Chief Clerk of the California State Assembly, "Senators who were first elected to the State Legislature on or after the passage of Proposition 28 may serve 12 years in the Senate, or a combination of service in the Assembly and Senate as long as the combined terms do not exceed 12 years. Senators elected to the State Legislature prior to the passage of Proposition 28 are bound by two four-year terms in the State Senate and three two-year terms in the State Assembly established by the passage of Proposition 140, in 1990."
    2. California State Assembly Office of the Chief Clerk, "Elected Officials," accessed September 21, 2025
    3. California State Legislature, "Leadership," accessed February 9, 2021
    4. National Conference of State Legislatures, "2025 Legislator Compensation," December 2, 2025
    5. California Constitution, "Article 4, Section 2. (a)(3)," accessed November 1, 2021
    6. California Legislature, "Qualifications for State Legislature," accessed May 21, 2025
    7. Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
    8. California Secretary of State, "Key Dates and Deadlines," accessed June 19, 2017
    9. California Secretary of State, "Key Dates and Deadlines," accessed April 18, 2017
    10. Follow the Money, "California Senate 2010 Campaign Contributions," accessed April 23, 2015
    11. Follow the Money, "California 2008 Candidates," accessed June 18, 2013
    12. Follow the Money, "California 2006 Candidates," accessed June 18, 2013
    13. Follow the Money, "California 2004 Candidates," accessed June 18, 2013
    14. Follow the Money, "California 2002 Candidates," accessed June 18, 2013
    15. Follow the Money, "California 2000 Candidates," accessed June 18, 2013
    16. California Legislative Information, "Article IV Legislative (Sec. 1 - Sec. 28)," accessed February 9, 2021
    17. California Legislative Information, "California Code," accessed February 9, 2021(Statute, 1773-California Government Code)
    18. 18.018.118.218.3All About Redistricting, "California," accessed April 21, 2015
    19. Politico, "California’s new congressional map boosts Democrats," Dec. 21, 2021
    20. Lake County News, "California Citizens Redistricting Commission delivers maps to California Secretary of State," Dec. 28, 2021
    21. California Secretary of State, "California Redistricting"
    22. "Current Status of Commission’s Final Certified District Maps". California Citizens Redistricting Commission. 2011.http://wedrawthelines.ca.gov/maps-final-drafts.html. Retrieved on 20 February 2012. 
    23. The Los Angeles Times, "California lawmakers approve $1 billion in funding and legislative hiatus due to coronavirus," March 16, 2020
    24. Politico, "California Legislature plans May 4 return as coronavirus disrupts public life," April 3, 2020
    25. The Sacramento Bee, "Key issues for returning California Legislature," January 5, 2015
    26. acwa.com, "2014 Legislative Year Begins in Sacramento," January 6, 2014
    27. San Francisco Chronicle, "Calif. Democrats ponder their new power," December 2, 2012
    28. ncsl.org, "2011 Legislative Sessions Calendar," accessed April 21, 2015
    29. ncsl.org, "Session dates for California legislature, 2010," accessed April 21, 2015
    30. Office of the Governor, "Gov. Schwarzenegger Declares State of Emergency, Issues Executive Order to Impose Furloughs Due to Cash Crisis Caused By Budget Impasse," accessed August 24, 2010
    31. Office of the Governor, "Executive Order S-12-10," accessed August 24, 2010
    32. Find Law, "Tenth Amendment - U.S. Constitution," accessed May 20, 2017
    33. calafco.org, "Legislative Procedure," accessed July 3, 2017
    34. 34.034.134.2National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
    35. National Conference of State Legislatures, "Separation of Powers: Executive Veto Powers," accessed January 26, 2024
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