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Arkansas State Senate

From Ballotpedia
Arkansas State Senate
SLP-Infobox Image-Color.png
General Information
Party control:  Republican
Session start:  April 8, 2026
Session end:  May 7, 2026
Term length:  2-4-4 year system
Term limits:  12 consecutive years; can return after a four-year break
Redistricting:  Commission
Salary:  $45,244/year + per diem
Members
Total:  35
Democrats:  6
Republicans:  28
Other:  0
Vacancies:  1
Leadership
President:  Leslie Rutledge (R)
Maj. Leader:  Blake Johnson (R)
Min. Leader:  Greg Leding (D)
Elections
Last election:  November 5, 2024
Next election:  November 3, 2026


TheArkansas State Senate is theupper chamber of theArkansas General Assembly. Alongside theArkansas House of Representatives, it forms the legislative branch of the Arkansas state government and works alongside thegovernor of Arkansas to create laws and establish a state budget. Legislative authority and responsibilities of the Arkansas State Senate include passing bills on public policy matters, setting levels for state spending, raising and lowering taxes, and voting to uphold or override gubernatorial vetoes.

The Arkansas State Senate meets in the state capitol building inLittle Rock, Arkansas.

  • Seventeen out of the Arkansas State Senate's 35 seats are up for election in2026.
  • Eighteen seats out of the Arkansas Senate's 35 seats were up for election in2024. The chamber's Republican majority remained 29-6.
  • Arkansas has a Republicantrifecta. The Republican Party controls the office of governor and both chambers of the state legislature.
  • This page contains the following information on the Arkansas State Senate.

    Contents

    Party control

    Current partisan control

    The table below shows the partisan breakdown of the Arkansas State Senate as of February 2026:

    Partisan composition, Arkansas State Senate
    As of February 2026
    PartyMembers
    Democratic6
    Republican28
    Other0
    Vacancies1
    Total35

    Members

    Leadership

    Thelieutenant governor serves as president of the Senate but only casts a vote in the case of a tie. In the absence of the lieutenant governor, the president pro tempore presides over the daily session. The president pro tempore is elected by full senate caucus and is also the chief leadership position in the majority caucus.[1]

    Leadership and members


    OfficeNamePartyDate assumed office
    Arkansas State Senate District 1Ben GilmoreRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 2Matt StoneRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 3Steve CrowellRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 4Jimmy HickeyRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 5Terry RiceRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 6Matt McKeeRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 7Alan ClarkRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 8Stephanie FlowersDemocraticJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 9Reginald MurdockDemocraticJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 10Ronald CaldwellRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 11Ricky HillRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 12Jamie ScottDemocraticJanuary 13, 2025
    Arkansas State Senate District 13Jane EnglishRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 14Clarke TuckerDemocraticJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 15Fredrick LoveDemocraticJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 16Kim HammerRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 17Mark JohnsonRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 18Jonathan DismangRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 19Dave WallaceRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 20Dan SullivanRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 21Blake JohnsonRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 22John PaytonRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 23Scott FlippoRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 24Missy IrvinRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 25Breanne DavisRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 26Vacant
    Arkansas State Senate District 27Justin BoydRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 28Bryan KingRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 29Jim PettyRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 30Greg LedingDemocraticJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 31Clint PenzoRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 32Joshua BryantRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 33Bart HesterRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 34Jim DotsonRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023
    Arkansas State Senate District 35Tyler DeesRepublicanJanuary 9, 2023


    Salaries

    See also:Comparison of state legislative salaries
    State legislative salaries, 2025[2]
    SalaryPer diem
    $45,244/yearNo data available for 2025.

    Swearing in dates

    See also:When state legislators assume office after a general election

    Arkansas legislators assume office on the second Monday of January following their election.[3]

    Membership qualifications

    See also:State legislature candidate requirements by state

    Article 5, Section 4 of theArkansas Constitution states: "No person shall be a Senator or Representative who, at the time of his election, is not a citizen of the United States, nor any one who has not been for two years next preceding his election, a resident of this State, and for one year next preceding his election, a resident of the county or district whence he may be chosen. Senators shall be at least twenty-five years of age, and Representatives at least twenty-one years of age."[4]

    Article 19, Section 3 of theArkansas Constitution states: "No persons shall be elected to, or appointed to fill a vacancy in, any office who does not possess the qualifications of an elector."[5]


    Historical party control

    Republicans won control of the Arkansas State Senate in 2012. In2024, they won a 29-6 majority.

    The table below shows the partisan history of the Arkansas Senate following every general election from 1992 to 2024. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin'sParty Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.

    Arkansas State Senate election results: 1992-2022

    Year'92'94'96'98'00'02'04'06'08'10'12'14'16'18'20'22'24
    Democrats30282829272727272720141199766
    Republicans5766888881521242626282929

    Before 1992

    Democrats held the chamber between 1874 and 2012. From 1914 to 1968, there were no Republican members of the chamber.


    Trifecta history

    Astate government trifecta is a term that describes single party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Between 1992 and 2023, Arkansas was under the following types of trifecta control:

    • Democratic trifecta: 1992-1996, 2007-2012
    • Republican trifecta: 2015-2023
    • Divided government: 1997-2006, 2013-2014

    Arkansas Party Control: 1992-2026
    Eleven years of Democratic trifectas  •  Twelve years of Republican trifectas
    Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

    Year9293949596979899000102030405060708091011121314151617181920212223242526
    GovernorDDDDDRRRRRRRRRRDDDDDDDDRRRRRRRRRRRR
    SenateDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
    HouseDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDRRRRRRRRRRRRRR


    Elections

    Elections by year

    Arkansas state senators serve2-4-4 terms, where senators serve one two-year term and two four-year terms each decade. Arkansas holds elections for its legislature in even years.

    2026

    See also:Arkansas State Senate elections, 2026

    Elections for theArkansas State Senate will take place in 2026. The general election is onNovember 3, 2026. The primary isMarch 3, 2026, and the primary runoff isMarch 31, 2026. The filing deadline wasNovember 12, 2025.

    2024

    See also:Arkansas State Senate elections, 2024

    Elections for theArkansas State Senate took place in 2024. The general election was onNovember 5, 2024. The primary wasMarch 5, 2024, and the primary runoff wasApril 2, 2024. The filing deadline wasNovember 14, 2023.

    In the 2024 elections, Republicans maintained their majority in the Arkansas State Senate at 29-6.

    Arkansas State Senate
    PartyAs of November 5, 2024After November 6, 2024
        Democratic Party66
        Republican Party2929
    Total3535

    2022

    See also:Arkansas State Senate elections, 2022

    Elections for theArkansas State Senate took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for May 24, 2022, and a primary runoff was scheduled for June 21, 2022. The filing deadline was March 1, 2022.

    In the 2022 elections, Republicans increased their majority in the Arkansas State Senate from 27-7 (with one independent) to 29-6.

    Arkansas State Senate
    PartyAs of November 8, 2022After November 9, 2022
        Democratic Party76
        Republican Party2729
        Independent10
    Total3535

    2020

    See also:Arkansas State Senate elections, 2020

    Elections for the office ofArkansas State Senate took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for March 3, 2020, and a primary runoff was scheduled for March 31, 2020. The filing deadline was November 11, 2019.

    In the 2020 elections, Republicans increased their majority in the Arkansas State Senate from 26-9 to 28-7.

    Arkansas State Senate
    PartyAs of November 3, 2020After November 4, 2020
        Democratic Party97
        Republican Party2628
    Total3535

    2018

    See also:Arkansas State Senate elections, 2018

    Elections for theArkansas State Senate took place in 2018. Anopen primary election took place on May 22, 2018.[6] Aprimary runoff election took place on June 19, 2018. The general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline wasMarch 1, 2018.[7]

    In the 2018 elections, Republicans increased their majority in the Arkansas State Senate from 25-9 to 26-9.

    Arkansas State Senate
    PartyAs of November 6, 2018After November 7, 2018
        Democratic Party99
        Republican Party2526
        Vacancy10
    Total3535

    2016

    See also:Arkansas State Senate elections, 2016

    Elections for theArkansas State Senate took place in2016. The primary election was held on March 1, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing period began at noon local time on November 2, 2015, and ended at noon local time on November 9, 2015.[8] A total of17 seats out of the 35 seats in theArkansas State Senate were up for election in 2016.

    Heading into the election, Republicans held a 24-11 majority. Republicans gained two seats in the election, giving them a 26-9 majority.

    Arkansas State Senate
    PartyAs of November 7, 2016After November 8, 2016
        Democratic Party119
        Republican Party2426
    Total3535
    Click [show] to see election information dating back to 2000

    2014

    See also:Arkansas State Senate elections, 2014

    Elections for theArkansas State Senate took place in 2014. A primary election took place on May 20, 2014; a runoff election took place on June 10, 2014. The general election was held onNovember 4, 2014. Thesignature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was March 3, 2014.

    Heading into the election, Republicans held a 21-13 majority. Republicans gained three seats in the election, giving them a 24-11 majority.

    Arkansas State Senate
    PartyAs of November 3, 2014After November 4, 2014
        Democratic Party1311
        Republican Party2124
        Vacancy10
    Total3535

    2012

    See also:Arkansas State Senate elections, 2012

    Elections for the office of Arkansas State Senate took place in 2012. The primary election was held on May 22, 2012, and the general election was held onNovember 6, 2012. The candidate filing deadline was March 1, 2012. Atotal of 35 seats were up for election. Although Arkansas senators typically serve four-year terms, they are elected to a two-year term during the first election of the decade. Thus, rather than only half of all senators being up for election, all sitting members were on the ballot in November.

    Heading into the election, Democrats held a 20-15 majority. Democrats lost six seats in the election, giving Republicans a 21-14 majority.

    Arkansas State Senate
    PartyAs of November 5, 2012After the 2012 Election
        Democratic Party2014
        Republican Party1521
    Total3535

    The table below details the 10 districts with the smallest margin of victory in the November 6 general election in 2012.

    2012 Margin of Victory, Arkansas State Senate
    DistrictWinnerMargin of VictoryTotal VotesTop Opponent
    District 34Republican PartyJane English0.8%36,152Barry Hyde
    District 27Democratic PartyBobby Pierce1%31,311Henry L. Firsby, II
    District 26Democratic PartyEddie Cheatham1.2%28,603Mike Akin
    District 20Democratic PartyRobert Thompson1.7%26,785Blake Johnson
    District 19Democratic PartyDavid Wyatt2.4%30,158Linda Collins-Smith
    District 11Republican PartyJimmy Hickey, Jr.4.9%27,658Steve Harrelson
    District 23Republican PartyRonald Caldwell6.1%26,012Jerry Brown
    District 13Republican PartyAlan Clark8.2%30,069Mike Fletcher
    District 35Republican PartyJason Rapert8.5%29,431Linda Tyler
    District 28Republican PartyJonathan Dismang9.1%28,820Tiffany Rogers

    2010

    See also:Arkansas State Senate elections, 2010

    Elections for the office of Arkansas State Senate took place in 2010. The primary election was held on May 18, 2010, and the general election was held onNovember 2, 2010. The candidate filing deadline was March 8, 2010. State senate seats in 17 of the 35 districts were on the ballot in 2010. Electoral contests took place in Districts 5, 6, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 27, 28, 29, 34, and 35.

    Heading into the election, Democrats held a 27-8 majority. Democrats lost seven seats in the election, giving them a 20-15 majority.

    Arkansas State Senate
    PartyAs of November 1, 2010After the 2010 Election
        Democratic Party2720
        Republican Party815
    Total3535

    In 2010, candidates running for Senate raised a total of $3,771,126 in campaign funds. Their top 10 contributors were:[9]

    2010 Donors, Arkansas State Senate
    DonorAmount
    Greenberg, Daniel$185,638
    Cowling, Ken$133,512
    Arkansas Healthcare Association$113,000
    Medley, Jim$55,800
    Stephens Group$51,250
    Arkansas State Farm Insurance$39,500
    Arkansas Realtors Association$38,500
    Harrison, Barrett E$34,500
    Morton, Michael S$29,000
    Harrelson, Steve$28,500

    2008

    See also:Arkansas State Senate elections, 2008

    Elections for the office of Arkansas State Senate consisted of a primary election on May 20, 2008, and a general election on November 4, 2008.

    During the 2008 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $2,304,660. The top 10 contributors were:[10]

    2008 Donors, Arkansas State Senate
    DonorAmount
    White, Joe M$99,824
    Stephens Group$67,190
    Arkansas Healthcare Association$57,186
    Sumpter, Denny$46,400
    Friedkin Business Services$36,000
    Wal-Mart$27,500
    Rural Arkansas Telecommunications Association$25,000
    Morton, Michael S$24,000
    Arkansas State Farm Insurance$21,000
    Cmte to Save Arkansas Jobs$21,000

    2006

    See also:Arkansas State Senate elections, 2006

    Elections for the office of Arkansas State Senate consisted of a primary election on May 5, 2006, and a general election on November 7, 2006.

    During the 2006 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $1,575,949. The top 10 contributors were:[11]

    2006 Donors, Arkansas State Senate
    DonorAmount
    Arkansas Healthcare Association$75,250
    Carver, Joel & Lynn$35,000
    Southwestern Energy Co$32,750
    Willis, Arnell$28,500
    Arkansas Medical Society$27,000
    Arkansas State Farm Insurance$26,250
    Stephens Group$25,995
    Simes, Alvin L$22,721
    Crumbly, Jack$22,517
    Rural Arkansas Telecommunications Association$22,000

    2004

    See also:Arkansas State Senate elections, 2004

    Elections for the office of Arkansas State Senate consisted of a primary election on May 18, 2004, and a general election on November 2, 2004.

    During the 2004 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $1,284,171. The top 10 contributors were:[12]

    2004 Donors, Arkansas State Senate
    DonorAmount
    Arkansas Healthcare Association$32,000
    Stephens Group$29,000
    Dees, Joyce A$25,200
    Gullett, Brenda$20,853
    Wilkes & Mchugh$18,000
    Arkansas Medical Society$16,800
    Acxiom Corp$14,500
    Entergy$14,500
    Alltel Corp$13,250
    Southwestern Energy Co$12,200

    2002

    See also:Arkansas State Senate elections, 2002

    Elections for the office of Arkansas State Senate consisted of a primary election on May 21, 2002, and a general election on November 5, 2002.

    During the 2002 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $2,693,862. The top 10 contributors were:[13]

    2002 Donors, Arkansas State Senate
    DonorAmount
    Arkansas Healthcare Association$45,500
    Trusty, Sharon Kathleen$36,500
    Arkansas Realtors Association$36,250
    Stephens Group$34,500
    Entergy$31,500
    Odom, Conrad T$30,465
    Beverly Enterprises$27,750
    Arkansas Republican Party$25,500
    Southwestern Bell$24,750
    Young, Dennis$20,500

    2000

    See also:Arkansas State Senate elections, 2000

    Elections for the office of Arkansas State Senate consisted of a primary election on May 23, 2000, and a general election on November 7, 2000.

    During the 2000 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $1,866,727. The top 10 contributors were:[14]

    2000 Donors, Arkansas State Senate
    DonorAmount
    Bryles, Steve$56,174
    Whitaker, T J$53,111
    Whiteside, John N$39,460
    Wiley, Dorvan$32,310
    Stephens Group$27,960
    Arkansas Republican Party$25,000
    Simes, Alvin L$21,450
    Whitaker, Ruth$17,916
    Entergy$17,850
    Young, Dennis Ray$15,400

    Term limits

    See also:State legislatures with term limits

    TheArkansas legislature is one of16 state legislatures with term limits. The state Senate has been term-limited since Arkansas voters approved theArkansas Term Limits Initiative in 1992 as aninitiated constitutional amendment. The first year that theterm limits enacted in 1992 impacted the ability of incumbents to run for office was 2000.

    In 2014, voters approved theArkansas Elected Officials Ethics, Transparency and Financial Reform Amendment which permitted legislators to serve a total of 16 years in the House or Senate during his or her lifetime.[15] In 2020, voters modified the term limits for Arkansas state legislative members. Voters passedIssue 2 in November 2020 with 55.38% of the vote. The measure imposed term limits of 12 consecutive years for state legislators with the opportunity to return after a four-year break. State legislators elected in November 2020 or already in office would be allowed to serve the former term limit of 16 years.

    Vacancies

    See also:How vacancies are filled in state legislatures

    If there is a vacancy in theArkansas General Assembly, thegovernor must call for a special election to fill the vacancy. The election must be called by the governor without delay.[16][17] For all special elections in theSenate, the county that first established the district is responsible for conducting the election.[18] If the special election is to fill aHouse seat, the county board of election commissioners representing the vacant district conducts the election.[19][20]

    DocumentIcon.jpgSee sources:Arkansas Stat. Ann. § 7-11-103 andArkansas Cons. Art. 5, § 6

    District map

    See also:Arkansas state legislative districts

    The state of Arkansas has 35 state Senate districts. Each district elects one senator.

    Use the interactive map below to find your district.



    Redistricting

    See also:Redistricting in Arkansas

    TheArkansas General Assembly is responsible for drawing congressional district lines. Both chambers of the state legislature must approve a single redistricting plan. Thegovernor may veto the lines drawn by the state legislature.[21]

    Arkansas' state legislative district lines are drawn by a politician commission, the Arkansas Board of Apportionment. The commission comprises the governor, thesecretary of state, and theattorney general.[21]

    TheArkansas Constitution requires thatArkansas State Senate district lines be "contiguous, and that they follow county lines except where necessary to comply with other legal requirements." There are no such requirements in place for congressional districts.[21]

    2020

    See also:Redistricting in Arkansas after the 2020 census

    On December 29, 2021, new state House and Senate district maps went into effect.[22] The Arkansas Board of Apportionment—made up of thegovernor,secretary of state, andattorney general—initially displayed these maps on Oct. 29, 2021, beginning a month-long public comment period.[23] The board met on Nov. 29 to incorporate feedback and then voted 3-0 in favor of the final maps. These maps took effect for Arkansas' 2022 legislative elections.

    District map after 2020 redistricting

    Below is the state Senate map in effect before and after the 2020 redistricting cycle.

    Arkansas State Senate Districts
    until January 8, 2023

    Click a district to compare boundaries.

    Arkansas State Senate Districts
    starting January 9, 2023

    Click a district to compare boundaries.


    2010

    See also:Redistricting in Arkansas after the 2010 census

    Four early versions of the Senate maps were released in late March 2011, and the Board of Apportionment released five proposed House maps in May of 2011.[24] GovernorMike Beebe (D) and Attorney GeneralDustin McDaniel (D) released their initial map proposals in late July 2011.[25] On July 29, 2011, the Board of Apportionment approved the new state legislative maps by a 2-1 vote.[26]

    Sessions

    Legislation

    The legislation tracker below displays all legislation that the Arkansas State Senate has approved in its most recent legislative session—this includes legislation that has been sent from the Senate to the House and legislation that has already been approved by both chambers and signed by the governor. The table below includes the bill number, its name, progress, most recent action date, and sponsor. Scroll up and down and side to side to see more. Click the bill number to read the bill text and see its voting history. Click the headings to sort the content. Rearrange the order of the headings by clicking and dragging them. Click the magnifying glass in the bottom left corner to search for specific terms. The legislation tracker is maintained and updated byBillTrack50.

    Dates of legislative sessions in Arkansas by year

    2025

    See also:2025 Arkansas legislative session andDates of 2025 state legislative sessions

    In 2025, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 13, 2025, and adjourn on May 5, 2025.


    Click [show] for past years' session dates.

    2024

    See also:2024 Arkansas legislative session andDates of 2024 state legislative sessions

    In 2024, the legislature was scheduled to convene on April 10, 2024, and adjourn on May 9, 2024.

    2023

    See also:2023 Arkansas legislative session andDates of 2023 state legislative sessions

    In 2023, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 9, 2023, and adjourn on May 1, 2023.

    2022

    See also:2022 Arkansas legislative session andDates of 2022 state legislative sessions

    In 2022, the legislature was scheduled to convene on February 14, 2022, and adjourn on March 15, 2022.

    2021

    See also:2021 Arkansas legislative session andDates of 2021 state legislative sessions

    In 2021, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 11, 2021, and adjourn on October 15, 2021.

    2020

    See also:2020 Arkansas legislative session andDates of 2020 state legislative sessions

    In 2020, the legislature was scheduled to convene on April 8, 2020, and adjourn on April 24, 2020.

    Effect of coronavirus pandemic
    See also:Changes to state legislative session dates in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020
    Covid vnt.png
    Coronavirus pandemic
    Select a topic from the dropdown below to learn more.


    Several state legislatures had their sessions impacted as a result of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. On March 24, 2020, Arkansas GovernorAsa Hutchinson (R) issued a proclamation convening a special session of the state legislature to begin March 26, 2020, and continuing indefinitely. The proclamation specified that one purpose of the special session would be "to create the COVID-19 Rainy Day Fund; to transfer funds to the COVID-19 Rainy Day Fund; and to Declare an Emergency." The special session adjourned on March 28, 2020. Lawmakers reconvened on April 8, 2020, and adjourned their regular session on April 24, 2020.[27][28]

    2019

    See also:2019 Arkansas legislative session andDates of 2019 state legislative sessions

    In 2019, the legislature was in session from January 14, 2019, through April 24, 2019.

    2018

    See also:2018 Arkansas legislative session andDates of 2018 state legislative sessions

    In 2018, the legislature was in session from February 12, 2018, through March 13, 2018. To read about notable events and legislation from this session, clickhere.

    2017

    See also:Dates of 2017 state legislative sessions

    In 2017, the legislature was in session from January 9, 2017, through May 1, 2017. The legislature held a special session from May 1 to May 3.

    2016

    See also:Dates of 2016 state legislative sessions

    In 2016, the legislature was in session from April 13 through May 9. The legislature held a three-day special session from April 6 to April 8 over healthcare.[29] The legislature held a second special session from May 19 to May 23 over transportation.

    2015

    See also:Dates of 2015 state legislative sessions

    In 2015, the legislature was in session from January 12 through April 2. The legislature had a special session from May 26 to May 28.

    Major issues in 2015

    Major issues in the 2015 legislative session included Medicaid expansion, tax cuts, prisons, abortion, same-sex marriage, and education reforms.[30]

    2014

    See also:Dates of 2014 state legislative sessions

    In 2014, the legislature was in session from February 10 to March 20.

    Major issues in 2014

    Major issues in the 2014 legislative session included private option Medicaid expansion and a $5 billion proposed budget for the coming fiscal year. The legislature also established an entrepreneurship program for college seniors called the Arkansas Fellowship.[31] Due to a2008 constitutional amendment, sessions held in even-numbered years may only address financial matters.[32]

    2013

    See also:Dates of 2013 state legislative sessions

    In 2013, the legislature was in session from January 14 to May 17.

    Major issues in 2013

    Major issues during the 2013 legislative session included an agreement on expanding the Medicaid program by providing private insurance for low-income residents, a two percent increase in per-student funding for public schools, and a bill that requires voters to show photo identification at the polls.[33] During the first budget negotiations of the year, the Joint Budget Committee rejected a pay increase for elected officials.[34]

    2012

    See also:Dates of 2012 state legislative sessions

    In 2012, the legislature was in session from February 13 to March 13.

    2011

    See also:Dates of 2011 state legislative sessions

    In 2011, the legislature was in session from January 10 to April 27.

    2010

    See also:Dates of 2010 state legislative sessions

    In 2010, the legislature convened for its fiscal session, meeting from February 8th to March 4th.


    About legislative sessions in Arkansas

    TheTenth Amendment of theU.S. Constitution declares that any power not already given to the federal government is reserved to the states and the people.[35] State governments across the country use this authority to hold legislative sessions where a state's elected representatives meet for a period of time to draft and vote on legislation and set state policies on issues such as taxation, education, and government spending. The different types of legislation passed by a legislature may include resolutions,legislatively referred constitutional amendments, and bills that become law.

    Article V of the Arkansas Constitution establishes when theArkansas General Assembly, of which the Senate is a part, is to convene. Section 5 of Article V establishes the beginning date for regular sessions, but this date has been changed by law (as Section 5 allows). Under the law, the Arkansas legislature convenes its regular session on the second Monday in January of every odd-numbered year. The fiscal session is convened on the second Monday in February of every even-numbered year.[36]

    Section 17 of Article V limits the length of sessions to sixty days, unless extended by a two-thirds vote of each legislative house.

    Legislative roles and procedures

    Every state legislature throughout the country features its own internal procedures that it uses to govern itself and how it interacts with other parts of state government. Ballotpedia's coverage of internal state legislative procedures includesveto overrides,the role of the legislature in the state budget,term limits, andprocedures for filling membership vacancies.

    Veto overrides

    Veto Override Graphic-Republican Party.png

    See also:Veto overrides in state legislatures

    State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Arkansas are listed below.

    How many legislators are required to vote for an override? A majority of members in both chambers.

    A simple majority of members in both chambers must vote to override a veto, which is 51 of the 100 members in theArkansas House of Representatives and 18 of the 35 members in theArkansas State Senate. Arkansas is one of six states that requires a majority vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto.

    Authority:Article 6, Section 15 of theArkansas Constitution.

    "Every bill which shall have passed both houses of the General Assembly, shall be presented to the Governor; if he approve it, he shall sign it; but if he shall not approve it, he shall return it, with his objections, to the house in which it originated; which house shall enter the objections at large upon their journal and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, a majority of the whole number elected to that house, shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, with the objections, to the other house; by which, likewise, it shall be reconsidered; and, if approved by a majority of the whole number elected to that house, it shall be a law; but in such cases the vote of both houses shall be determined by "yeas and nays;" and the names of the members voting for or against the bill, shall be entered on the journals."

    Role in state budget

    See also:Arkansas state budget and finances
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    The state operates on a biennial budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[37][38]

    1. Budget instructions are sent to state agencies inMay of the year preceding the start of the new biennium.
    2. State agencies submit their budget requests to thegovernor inJuly.
    3. The governor submits his or her proposed budget to thestate legislature inNovember.
    4. The state legislature adopts a budget betweenJanuary and April. The budget must be passed by a three-fourths majority.
    5. The fiscal year beginsJuly 1.

    Arkansas is one of 44 states in which the governor hasline item veto authority.[37][39]

    The governor is required by statute to submit a balanced budget. The legislature is not legally required to pass a balanced budget.[37]

    Committees

    See also:List of committees in Arkansas state government

    Every state legislature and state legislative chamber in the country contains several legislative committees. These committees are responsible for studying, amending, and voting on legislation before it reaches the floor of a chamber for a full vote. The different types of committees include standing committees, select or special, and joint.

    • Standing committees are generally permanent committees, the names of which sometimes change from session to session.
    • Select or special committees are temporary committees formed to deal with specific issues such as recent legislation, major public policy or proposals, or investigations.
    • Joint committees are committees that feature members of both chambers of a legislature.

    Ballotpedia covers standing and joint committees. The Arkansas State Senate has 14 standing committees:


    Constitutional amendments

    In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process forreferring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states,initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are alsomany other types of statewide measures.

    The methods in which the Arkansas Constitution can be amended:

    See also:Section 22, Article 19, of the Arkansas Constitution andLaws governing ballot measures in Arkansas

    TheArkansas Constitution provides two mechanisms for amending the state's constitution—a citizen-initiated process and a legislative process. Arkansas requires a simple majority vote (50% plus 1) for voters to approve constitutional amendments.

    Initiative

    See also:Initiated constitutional amendment

    Aninitiated constitutional amendment is acitizen-initiated ballot measure that amends astate's constitution. Eighteen (18) states allow citizens to initiate constitutional amendments.

    In Arkansas, thenumber of signatures required for an initiated constitutional amendment is equal to 10% of the votes cast in the last gubernatorial election. Arkansas requires that a petition must contain qualified signatures equaling at least half of the required percentage of signatures (5%) from each of 50 of the state's 75 counties. A simple majority vote is required for voter approval.

    Legislature

    See also:Legislatively referred constitutional amendment

    A simple majority vote is required during one legislative session for theArkansas State Legislature to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 51 votes in theArkansas House of Representatives and 18 votes in theArkansas State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.


    See also

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    External links

    Footnotes

    1. Arkansas State Senate, "Senate pro tempores," accessed February 9, 2021
    2. National Conference of State Legislatures, "2025 Legislator Compensation," December 2, 2025
    3. Justia, "Arkansas Constitution Article 5 - Legislative Department Section 5 - Time of meeting," accessed October 26, 2021
    4. Justia, "Arkansas Constitution Article 5 - Legislative Department Section 4 - Qualifications of senators and representatives," accessed May 21, 2025
    5. Justia, "Arkansas Constitution Article 19 - Miscellaneous Provisions," accessed May 23, 2025
    6. National Conference of State Legislatures, "State Primary Election Systems," accessed May 29, 2017
    7. Arkansas Secretary of State, "2018 Election Dates," accessed August 29, 2017
    8. Arkansas Secretary of State, "2016 Election Dates," accessed November 17, 2015
    9. Follow the Money, "Arkansas Senate 2010 Campaign Contributions," accessed April 21, 2015
    10. Follow the Money, "Arkansas 2008 Candidates," accessed May 28, 2013
    11. Follow the Money, "Arkansas 2006 Candidates," accessed May 28, 2013
    12. Follow the Money, "Arkansas 2004 Candidates," accessed May 28, 2013
    13. Follow the Money, "Arkansas 2002 Candidates," accessed May 28, 2013
    14. Follow the Money, "Arkansas 2000 Candidates," accessed May 28, 2013
    15. Arkansas Legislature, "HJR1009," accessed February 9, 2021
    16. Arkansas Legislature, "Arkansas Code - Unannotated," accessed February 9, 2021(Statutes, 10-2-118)
    17. Arkansas Legislature, "Arkansas Code - Unannotated," accessed February 9, 2021(Statutes, 10-2-119)
    18. Arkansas Legislature, "Arkansas Code - Unannotated," accessed February 9, 2021(Statutes, 10-2-120(a)(1))
    19. Arkansas Legislature, "Arkansas Code - Unannotated," accessed February 9, 2021(Statutes, 7-11-103(a))
    20. Arkansas Legislature, "Arkansas Code - Unannotated," accessed February 24, 2025(Statutes, 7-11-105 1 (a)-(c))
    21. 21.021.121.2All About Redistricting, "Arkansas," accessed April 20, 2015
    22. Democracy Docket, "Arkansas State Conference NAACP v. The Arkansas Board of Apportionment complaint," Dec. 29, 2021
    23. Arkansas Online, "Arkansas board accepts redrawn legislative district maps," Oct. 30, 2021
    24. Tolbert Report, "New Arkansas Senate Map Drafts," March 23, 2011(dead link)
    25. Arkansas News, "Plans by Beebe, McDaniel for Senate redistricting draw grumbles," July 17, 2011(dead link)
    26. Arkansas News UPDATE Governor’s redistricting maps adopted by panel, 29 July 2011]
    27. State of Arkansas Executive Department, "Proclamation," March 24, 2020
    28. UA Little Rock Public Radio, "Arkansas Lawmakers Conclude Coronavirus Special Session Early Saturday," March 28, 2020
    29. arkansasmatters.com, "Arkansas Works Set for Special Session," accessed April 6, 2016
    30. Houston Chronicle, "Things to watch in 2015 Arkansas legislative session," January 10, 2015
    31. The Arkansas Traveler, "Arkansas State Legislature Creates Entrepreneurship Program for College Seniors," accessed May 9, 2014
    32. akrnasasbusiness.com, "Fiscal Session 2014: A User's Guide to the Arkansas Legislature," February 10, 2014
    33. arkansasbusiness.com, "Sine Die: Arkansas Lawmakers Formally End Legislative Session," May 17, 2013(dead link)
    34. Arkansas online, " Legislative panel rejects pay rise for elected officials," January 16, 2013
    35. Find Law, "Tenth Amendment - U.S. Constitution," accessed May 20, 2017
    36. Arkansas House of Representatives, "About the House," accessed April 21, 2015
    37. 37.037.137.2National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
    38. Appropriations are considered annually for certain departments.See Page 13 here for more information.
    39. National Conference of State Legislatures, "Separation of Powers: Executive Veto Powers," accessed January 26, 2024
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