Alabama Public Service Commission
| Alabama Public Service Commission | |
| General information | |
| Office Type: | Partisan |
| Office website: | Official Link |
| Compensation: | $114,639 |
| 2025 FY Budget: | $21,511,855 |
| Total Seats: | 3 |
| Term limits: | None |
| Structure | |
| Length of term: | 4 years |
| Authority: | Code of Alabama, Title 37-1-1 |
| Selection Method: | Elected |
| Current Officeholder(s) | |
| Cynthia Almond,Chris Beeker, III,Jeremy Oden | |
| Elections | |
| Next election: | 2026 |
| Last election: | 2024 |
| Other Alabama Executive Offices | |
| Governor •Lieutenant Governor •Secretary of State •Attorney General •Treasurer •Auditor •Superintendent of Education •Agriculture Commissioner •Insurance Commissioner •Natural Resources Commissioner •Labor Commissioner •Public Service Commission | |
TheAlabama Public Service Commission is a quasi-executive, elected agency of the Alabama state government, responsible for regulating the state's utility companies. The commission's mission is to "ensure a regulatory balance between regulated companies and consumers in order to provide consumers with safe, adequate and reliable services at rates that are equitable and economical."[1]
Current officeholder
| Office | Name | Party |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama Public Service Commission Place 1 | Jeremy Oden | Republican |
| Alabama Public Service Commission Place 2 | Chris Beeker, III | Republican |
| Alabama Public Service Commission President | Cynthia Almond | Republican |
Authority
The Alabama Public Service Commission was created by theAlabama Legislature in 1915 out of the existing Railroad Commission created in 1881. Between 1881-1915 the duties of the commission were expanded to include regulating utilities that provided electricity, gas, water and steam, leading the legislature to decide on the change. Since then it has been further expanded to include utility rates, motor transportation companies, air carriers, and natural gas transmission and distribution.[1]
The Public Service Commission's authority and duties and are established by Title 37 of the Code of Alabama.[2]
Section 37-1-1:
| A commission to be known as the Public Service Commission, consisting of a president and two associates who shall be competent persons and qualified electors of this state, is established. |
Qualifications
The only qualification established for members of the Public Service Commission is that the incumbent may not be an employee or have any "pecuniary interest," including stock ownership, in any utility.[3]
Code of Alabama, Section 37-1-6:
| No person owning any stock in any utility, or in the employment of any utility or pecuniarily interested in any utility, as defined in this title, shall be eligible to the office of public service commissioner. |
Elections
Presidents of the Public Service Commission are elected on the first Tuesday after the first Monday every four years during presidential election years (2016, 2020, 2024, etc.). Two associate commissioners are elected every four years during congressional midterm election years (2018, 2022, 2026, etc.).[4] Presidents assume office on the day after election.
Term limits
There are no term limits for the those on the Public Service Commission.
Election results
See also: Alabama Public Service Commission election, 2030
Alabama Public Service Commission Place 1
There are noofficial candidates yet for this election.
Alabama Public Service Commission Place 2
There are noofficial candidates yet for this election.
Alabama Public Service Commission President
See also: Alabama Public Service Commission election, 2028
There are noofficial candidates yet for this election.
See also: Alabama Public Service Commission election, 2026
Alabama Public Service Commission Place 1
General election
The primary will occur on May 19, 2026. The general election will occur on November 3, 2026. General election candidates will be added here following the primary.
Democratic primary
Democratic primary for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 1
James O. Gordon (D),John Northrop (D), andJeff Ramsey (D) are running in the Democratic primary for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 1 on May 19, 2026.
There are noincumbents in this race. | ||||
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Republican primary
Republican primary for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 1
IncumbentJeremy Oden (R) andMatt Gentry (R) are running in the Republican primary for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 1 on May 19, 2026.
Candidate | ||
| Jeremy Oden | ||
| Matt Gentry | ||
Incumbents arebolded and underlined. | ||||
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Alabama Public Service Commission Place 2
General election
The primary will occur on May 19, 2026. The general election will occur on November 3, 2026. General election candidates will be added here following the primary.
Democratic primary
Democratic primary for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 2
Sheila McNeil (D) andWilkie Sherard Frieson (D) are running in the Democratic primary for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 2 on May 19, 2026.
There are noincumbents in this race. | ||||
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Republican primary
Republican primary for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 2
IncumbentChris Beeker, III (R),Priscilla Andrews (R),Jeff Boyd (R),Brent Woodall (R), andJim Zeigler (R) are running in the Republican primary for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 2 on May 19, 2026.
Incumbents arebolded and underlined. | ||||
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Alabama Public Service Commission President
See also: Alabama Public Service Commission election, 2024
General election
General election for Alabama Public Service Commission President
IncumbentTwinkle Andress Cavanaugh (R) won election in the general election for Alabama Public Service Commission President on November 5, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Twinkle Andress Cavanaugh (R) | 97.3 | 1,538,888 | |
| Other/Write-in votes | 2.7% | 42,061 | ||
Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source | Total votes: 1,580,949 | |||
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Democratic primary
The Democratic primary scheduled for March 5, 2024, was canceled.
Republican primary
Republican primary for Alabama Public Service Commission President
IncumbentTwinkle Andress Cavanaugh (R) defeatedRobert McCollum (R) in the Republican primary for Alabama Public Service Commission President on March 5, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Twinkle Andress Cavanaugh | 61.1 | 330,483 | |
| Robert McCollum | 38.9 | 210,122 | ||
Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source | Total votes: 540,605 | |||
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
See also: Alabama Public Service Commission election, 2022
Alabama Public Service Commission Place 1
General election
General election for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 1
IncumbentJeremy Oden (R) defeatedRon Bishop (L) in the general election for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 1 on November 8, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Jeremy Oden (R) | 84.4 | 937,114 | |
| Ron Bishop (L) | 15.6 | 173,287 | ||
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.0% | 26 | ||
Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source | Total votes: 1,110,427 | |||
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Republican primary runoff
Republican primary runoff for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 1
IncumbentJeremy Oden (R) defeatedBrent Woodall (R) in the Republican primary runoff for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 1 on June 21, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Jeremy Oden | 52.3 | 175,842 | |
| Brent Woodall | 47.7 | 160,263 | ||
Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source | Total votes: 336,105 | |||
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Democratic primary
The Democratic primary scheduled for May 24, 2022, was canceled.
Republican primary
Republican primary for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 1
IncumbentJeremy Oden (R) andBrent Woodall (R) advanced to a runoff. They defeatedJohn Hammock (R) andStephen McLamb (R) in the Republican primary for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 1 on May 24, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Jeremy Oden | 34.3 | 166,972 | |
| ✔ | Brent Woodall | 30.9 | 150,564 | |
| John Hammock | 23.9 | 116,532 | ||
| Stephen McLamb | 10.9 | 52,944 | ||
Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source | Total votes: 487,012 | |||
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Alabama Public Service Commission Place 2
General election
General election for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 2
IncumbentChris Beeker (R) defeatedLaura Lane (L) in the general election for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 2 on November 8, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Chris Beeker (R) | 83.2 | 931,354 | |
Laura Lane (L) ![]() | 16.1 | 179,883 | ||
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.8% | 8,624 | ||
Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source | Total votes: 1,119,861 | |||
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Republican primary runoff
Republican primary runoff for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 2
IncumbentChris Beeker (R) defeatedRobert McCollum (R) in the Republican primary runoff for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 2 on June 21, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Chris Beeker | 63.2 | 215,377 | |
| Robert McCollum | 36.8 | 125,178 | ||
Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source | Total votes: 340,555 | |||
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Democratic primary
The Democratic primary scheduled for May 24, 2022, was canceled.
Republican primary
Republican primary for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 2
IncumbentChris Beeker (R) andRobert McCollum (R) advanced to a runoff. They defeatedRobin Litaker (R) in the Republican primary for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 2 on May 24, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Chris Beeker | 43.1 | 208,175 | |
| ✔ | Robert McCollum | 35.9 | 173,004 | |
| Robin Litaker | 21.0 | 101,347 | ||
Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source | Total votes: 482,526 | |||
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Alabama Public Service Commission President
See also: Alabama Public Service Commission election, 2020
General election
General election for Alabama Public Service Commission President
IncumbentTwinkle Andress Cavanaugh (R) defeatedLaura Casey (D) in the general election for Alabama Public Service Commission President on November 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Twinkle Andress Cavanaugh (R) | 62.0 | 1,403,790 | |
| Laura Casey (D) | 37.9 | 858,054 | ||
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.1% | 2,726 | ||
Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source | Total votes: 2,264,570 | |||
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Democratic primary
Democratic primary for Alabama Public Service Commission President
Laura Casey (D) defeatedRobert Mardis III (D) in the Democratic primary for Alabama Public Service Commission President on March 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Laura Casey | 78.5 | 252,851 | |
| Robert Mardis III | 21.5 | 69,352 | ||
There were noincumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source | Total votes: 322,203 | |||
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Republican primary
Republican primary for Alabama Public Service Commission President
IncumbentTwinkle Andress Cavanaugh (R) defeatedRobin Litaker (R) in the Republican primary for Alabama Public Service Commission President on March 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Twinkle Andress Cavanaugh | 73.8 | 462,979 | |
| Robin Litaker | 26.2 | 164,227 | ||
Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source | Total votes: 627,206 | |||
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Alabama Public Service Commission Place 1
General election
General election for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 1
IncumbentJeremy Oden (R) defeatedCara McClure (D) in the general election for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 1 on November 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Jeremy Oden (R) | 60.4 | 1,013,072 | |
| Cara McClure (D) | 39.5 | 662,581 | ||
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.1% | 940 | ||
Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source | Total votes: 1,676,593 (100% precincts reporting) | |||
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Democratic primary
Democratic primary for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 1
Cara McClure (D) advanced from the Democratic primary for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 1 on June 5, 2018.
Candidate | ||
| ✔ | Cara McClure | |
There were noincumbents in this race. The results have been certified. | ||||
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Republican primary
Republican primary for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 1
IncumbentJeremy Oden (R) defeatedJim Bonner (R) in the Republican primary for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 1 on June 5, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Jeremy Oden | 50.6 | 222,830 | |
| Jim Bonner | 49.4 | 217,721 | ||
Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. | Total votes: 440,551 | |||
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Alabama Public Service Commission Place 2
General election
General election for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 2
IncumbentChris Beeker (R) defeatedKari Powell (D) in the general election for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 2 on November 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Chris Beeker (R) | 60.1 | 1,006,713 | |
| Kari Powell (D) | 39.9 | 668,620 | ||
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.1% | 1,029 | ||
Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source | Total votes: 1,676,362 (100% precincts reporting) | |||
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Democratic primary
Democratic primary for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 2
Kari Powell (D) advanced from the Democratic primary for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 2 on June 5, 2018.
Candidate | ||
| ✔ | Kari Powell | |
There were noincumbents in this race. The results have been certified. | ||||
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Republican primary
Republican primary for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 2
IncumbentChris Beeker (R) defeatedRobin Litaker (R) in the Republican primary for Alabama Public Service Commission Place 2 on June 5, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Chris Beeker | 68.7 | 281,753 | |
| Robin Litaker | 31.3 | 128,587 | ||
Incumbents arebolded and underlined. The results have been certified. | Total votes: 410,340 | |||
= candidate completed theBallotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you,complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data?Contact our sales team. | ||||
Vacancies
Details of vacancy appointments are addressed in Section 37-1-3 of the Alabama Code.[5] If a vacancy occurs on the public service commission, the governor has the power to fill the unexpired term.
Duties
Commissioners supervise and regulate the state's electricity, gas, water, railroad, and telecommunications companies. Additionally, commissioners supervise transportation companies operating toll bridges, ferries, or roads. The commission's mission is "[t]o ensure a regulatory balance between regulated companies and consumers in order to provide consumers with safe, adequate and reliable services at rates that are equitable and economical."[1]
Divisions
As of January 5, 2021, divisions within the Public Service Commission included:[1]
- Electricity
- Utility Services
- Gas Pipeline Safety
- Utility Enforcement (Transportation)
- Administrative
- Legal
State budget
- See also:Alabama state budget and finances
The budget for the Public Service Commission in Fiscal Year 2025 was $21,511,855.[6]
Compensation
2023
In 2023, each commissioner received a salary of $114,639, according to theCouncil of State Governments.[7]
2022
In 2022, each commissioner received a salary of $106,594, according to theCouncil of State Governments.[8]
2021
In 2021, each commissioner received a salary of $106,594, according to theCouncil of State Governments.[9]
2020
In 2020, each commissioner received a salary of $107,258 according to theCouncil of State Governments.[10]
2019
In 2019, each commissioner received a salary of $103,490 according to theCouncil of State Governments.[11]
2018
In 2018, each commissioner received a salary of $103,490 according to theCouncil of State Governments.[12]
2017
In 2017, each commissioner received a salary of $103,490 according to theCouncil of State Governments.[13]
2016
In 2016, each commissioner received a salary of $103,490, according to theCouncil of State Governments.[14]
2015
In 2015, each commissioner received a salary of $103,490, according to theCouncil of State Governments.[15]
2014
In 2014, the commissioners each received a salary of$103,490, according to theCouncil of State Governments.[16]
2013
In 2013, the commissioners were paid an estimated$103,490, according to theCouncil of State Governments.
Historical officeholders
Since 1881, Alabama has had 20 public service commission presidents.[17]
Click"show" for former officeholders.
| Name | Took office | Left office | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Walter L. Bragg | February 1881 | February 1885 | ||
| 2 | Henry R. Shorter | February 1885 | February 1897 | ||
| 3 | James Crook | February 1897 | February 1901 | ||
| 4 | John V. Smith | March 1901 | March 1905 | ||
| 5 | B.B. Comer | March 1905 | January 1907 | ||
| 6 | Charles Henderson | January 1907 | January 1915 | ||
| 7 | Samuel P. Kennedy | June 1915 | January 1923 | ||
| 8 | A.G. Patterson | January 1923 | January 1927 | ||
| 9 | Hugh White | January 1927 | January 1945 | ||
| 10 | Gordon Persons | January 1945 | January 1951 | ||
| 11 | C.C. (Jack) Owen | January 1951 | January 1965 | ||
| 12 | Eugene (Bull) Conner | January 1965 | January 1973 | ||
| 13 | Kenneth Hammond | January 1973 | December 1975 | ||
| 14 | C.C. Whatley | December 1975 | January 1977 | ||
| 15 | Juanita W. McDaniel | January 1977 | February 1980 | ||
| 16 | William J. Samford, Jr. | February 1980 | January 1981 | ||
| 17 | Billy Joe Camp | January 1981 | January 1983 | ||
| 18 | Jim Sullivan | February 1983 | November 2008 | ||
| 19 | Lucy Baxley | November 2008 | November 2012 | Democratic | |
| 20 | Twinkle Cavanaugh | November 2012 | June 2025 | Republican | |
| 21 | Cynthia Almond | June 2025 | Present | Republican |
Contact information
Physical address:
100 N. Union Street, RSA Union
Montgomery, AL 36104
Phone: 334-242-5218
See also
External links
Footnotes
- ↑1.01.11.21.3Alabama Public Service Commission, "Mission & History, accessed April 24, 2011
- ↑Code of Alabama, "Title 37 - Public Service Commission," accessed January 5, 2021
- ↑Code of Alabama, "Section 37-1-6," accessed January 5, 2021
- ↑Code of Alabama, "Section 37-1-3," accessed January 5, 2021
- ↑Code of Alabama, "Section 37-1-3," accessed January 5, 2021
- ↑Alabama Department of Finance, "Act 2024-355," accessed January 15, 2025
- ↑Council of State Governments, "Book of the States 2023 Table 4.11: Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries," accessed January 15, 2025
- ↑Council of State Governments, "Book of the States 2022 Table 4.11: Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries," provided to Ballotpedia by CSG personnel
- ↑Issuu, "The Book of the States 2021," accessed September 22, 2022
- ↑Council of State Governments, "The Book of the States 2020," accessed January 5, 2021
- ↑Council of State Governments, "The Book of the States 2019," accessed January 5, 2021
- ↑Council of State Governments, "The Book of the States 2018," accessed January 5, 2021
- ↑Council of State Governments, "The Book of the States 2017," accessed January 5, 2021
- ↑Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2016," accessed August 27, 2016
- ↑Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2015," accessed August 27, 2016
- ↑Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries," accessed November 14, 2014
- ↑Alabama Public Service Commission, "Past Commissioners," accessed April 24, 2011
