California Gov.Gavin Newsom (D) signed legislation placing ameasure on the ballot to repeal the state's ban on public financing of campaigns and allow state and local governments to create programs that provide candidates with public funds under spending limits and eligibility rules. In thestate Legislature, Democrats supported the bill and Republicans opposed it.^[53]

TheMissouri State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment that would require voter approval of citizen-initiated constitutional amendments in each of the state's congressional districts, as well as add provisions regarding petition fraud and foreign contributions to the state constitution. In the Legislature, 93.7% of Republicans supported the proposal, while Democrats, along with eight Republicans, opposed it.^[52]

TheArizona State Legislature referred aballot measure that would declare that drug cartels areterrorist organizations and direct the Arizona Department of Homeland Security to "do everything within its authority to address the threat posed by drug cartels." In the Legislature, Republicans supported and Democrats opposed the proposal.^[51]

Utah Lt. Gov.Deidre Henderson (R) announced that the veto referendum against House Bill 267, theProhibit Public Sector Union Collective Bargaining Referendum, qualified for the ballot.^[50]

TheArizona State Legislature referred aballot measure that would prohibit local governments from imposing or increasing a tax on the sale of groceries without voter approval, and caps the rate at 2%. Legislative Republicans supported the proposal. Among Democrats, 31.6% supported the measure.^[49]

TheFlorida State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would increase the budget stabilization fund limit from 10% to 25% of net general revenue. Most Republicans (99.0%) and Democrats (87.1%) supported the amendment.^[48]

TheArizona State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would prohibit the state and local governments from imposing any tax or fee based on vehicle miles traveled and enacting any rule or law to monitor or limit vehicle miles traveled without the person’s consent. In the Legislature, Republicans supported and Democrats opposed the proposal.^[47]

TheLouisiana State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would allow parishes to exempt business inventory from property taxes. In the Legislature, the proposal received unanimous support, excluding non-voting members.^[46]

TheLouisiana State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would repeal the Education Excellence Fund, the Education Quality Trust Fund, and the Quality Education Support Fund, and instead apply the money in those funds to the Teachers' Retirement System of Louisiana (TRSL).^[45]

TheLouisiana State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would increase themandatory retirement age for judges from 70 to 75.^[44]

TheLouisiana State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would add the St. George Community School System, located in East Baton Rouge Parish, to the list of school systems that are regarded and treated as parishes for purposes of operating a school system. In the Legislature, Republicans supported and Democrats opposed the proposal.^[43]

TheLouisiana State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would allow the legislature to add officers, positions, and employees to the unclassified civil service, such as transferring them from the classified to unclassified civil service. In the Legislature, 96.0% of Republicans supported the proposal. Among Democrats, 94.3% were opposed, excluding non-voting members.^[42]

TheLouisiana State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would raise the income limit to qualify for the property tax special assessment level—a provision that freezes the assessed value of a home for eligible homeowners so that their property taxes do not increase due to rising property values—from $100,000 to $150,000.^[41]

TheNebraska State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would change the term limit for state legislators from two consecutive terms (eight years) to three consecutive terms (12 years). In the unicameral Legislature, 71.4% of Democrats and 81.8% of Republicans, along with the chamber's two independents, supported the proposal.^[40]

TheAlaska State Legislature adjourned without passing anindirect ballot initiative to establish new state and local campaign contribution limits. Therefore, the ballot initiative qualified to appear on the ballot in 2026.

TheMissouri State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would repealAmendment 3 (2024), which established afundamental right to reproductive freedom. The proposal would also amend the constitution to prohibit abortion—with exceptions—and prohibitgender transition surgeries, as defined in the amendment, for minors. Most (98.4%) legislative Republicans voted for the constitutional amendments. Legislative Democrats opposed the amendment.^[39]

TheAlabama State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would prohibit the compensation of district attorneys from being decreased during his or her term of office.^[35]

TheFlorida State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would exempt certain agriculture-related tangible property, such as farm equipment and tools, from property taxes.^[38]

TheVermont State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would establish a state constitutional right to organize or join a labor organization for collective bargaining. In the Legislature, the amendment, titled Proposal 3, received support from all Democrats and 75.8% of Republicans.^[37]

TheMissouri State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would make the Jackson County Assessor an elected position by removing the constitutional exemption that currently allows the county to appoint the assessor. In the Legislature, the proposal received unanimous support from Democrats and Republicans, excluding absent or abstaining members.^[36]

TheAlabama State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would expand the list of offenses for which a judge may deny bail. In the Legislature, the proposal received unanimous support from Republicans. Among Democrats, 18 voted for the amendment. While none voted against the amendment, 16 abstained in the House.^[35]

TheNorth Dakota State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would create asingle-subject rule for constitutional amendments, including citizen-initiated and legislative constitutional amendments.^[34]

TheTennessee General Assembly referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would expand the list of crimes for which bail can be denied when the proof is evident or the presumption great. In the Legislature, 46.4% of Democrats and 98.9% of Republicans, excluding those who did not vote, supported the proposal.^[33]

TheTennessee General Assembly referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot to enact Marsy's Law, a set of constitutional protections for crime victims. Twelve statesadopted Marsy's Law between 2008 and 2020. In the Legislature, 80.8% of Democrats and 100% of Republicans supported the proposal.^[32]

TheTennessee General Assembly referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would prohibit the legislature from enacting taxes on property. As of 2025, the state government did not levy property taxes. In the Legislature, 60.7% of Democrats and 100% of Republicans, excluding those who did not vote, supported the proposal.^[31]

TheArkansas State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot to authorize the legislature to establish Economic Development Districts. In the Legislature, the proposal received support from Democrats and 74% of Republicans.^[30]

TheArkansas State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot to expand the state constitutional right to keep and bear arms. The amendment would provide that this right is “a natural, fundamental, and individual right that shall not be infringed.” In the Legislature, 109 of 110 (99%) Republicans and 5 of 21 (24%), excluding members who did not vote.^[29]

TheArkansas State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot to prohibit state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote. In the Legislature, the amendment received support from Republicans. Among Democrats, 64% did not vote on the amendment, 24% voted 'No,' and 12% voted 'Yes.'^[28]

Arkansas Gov.Sarah Huckabee Sanders (R) signed Senate Bill 421 (SB 421), which referred to the ballot abond measure to issue up to $500 million for water-related infrastructure projects, such as water treatment, pollution abatement, irrigation, and wetlands restoration.^[27]

TheNorth Dakota State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would require a 60% vote to approve constitutional amendments. In the Legislature, 79% of Republicans voted for the amendment, and 15 of 16 Democrats voted against the amendment, excluding those absent or excused.^[26]

TheHawaii State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot to increase the amount of time the state Senate has to consider and act on judicial appointments made between April 1 and December 31. In the Legislature, the proposal received support from Democrats and 55% of Republicans.^[25]

TheNorth Dakota State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would amendMeasure 1 (2022), limiting legislators to four complete four-year terms, regardless of the chamber, instead of the existing 16-year total across both chambers. In the Legislature, the proposal received support from 59% of Republicans and 27% of Democrats, excluding absent members.^[24]

TheMaryland General Assembly referred aconstitutional amendment regarding the Commission on Judicial Disabilities to the ballot. In the Legislature, the amendment received unanimous support.^[23]

TheKansas State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot to prohibit state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote. In the Legislature, the amendment received support from legislative Republicans and 22.5% of Democrats.^[22]

TheIdaho State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot to designate English as thestate's official language. In the Legislature, the amendment received support from legislative Republicans and 15% of Democrats.^[21]

TheKansas State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would replace the currentappointment process for Kansas Supreme Court justices with direct elections. In the Legislature, the amendment received support from 93% of legislative Republicans and no Democrats.^[20]

TheGeorgia State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would increase the acres of agricultural and timber land eligible for conservation use tax benefits from 2,000 to 4,000 acres per owner.^[19]

TheIndiana State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would adjust the residency requirement for city and town court judges, allowing them to live either in the county where their court is or in the closest neighboring Indiana county.^[18]

TheNevada State Legislature did not take action on anindirect initiated state statute to exempt teachers and certain other school employees from the state's law prohibiting public employees from striking. As no action was taken within 40 days of receiving the petition, the ballot initiative qualified to appear on the ballot in 2026.

TheNew Mexico State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would eliminate the governor's pocket veto and require the governor to provide a substantive explanation for vetoes. In the Legislature, the amendment received unanimous support from Democrats and Republicans, excluding absent legislators.^[17]

TheIdaho State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would provide that "only the [Idaho State Legislature] shall have power and authority" to legalize "marijuana, narcotics, or other psychoactive substances," and thereby prohibitcitizen-initiated state statutes to legalize these substances. In the Legislature, most Republicans (87 of 88) supported the amendment, and Democrats opposed the proposal, excluding those absent or excused.^[16]

TheSouth Dakota State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would require a 60% vote to approve constitutional amendments. In the Legislature, most Republicans (89 of 91) voted for the amendment, and most Democrats (7 of 8) voted against the amendment, excluding those absent or excused.^[15]

TheUtah State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would requirepublishing constitutional amendments for 60 days before the next general election, as provided in law, instead of in newspapers for two months before the election.^[13] In 2024, state courts removed two constitutional amendments—Amendment A andAmendment D—from the ballot for failing to meet the publication requirement.^[14]

TheUtah State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would require citizen-initiated measures to receive at least 60% voter approval for certain tax-related changes. In the Legislature, most Republicans (76 of 84) supported the amendment, while Democrats and six Republicans opposed the amendment.^[12]

TheSouth Dakota State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot to provide that "[an] individual who is not a citizen of the United States is disqualified from voting in any election or upon any question submitted to the voters of this state." In the Legislature, two of nine Democrats and 89 of 96 Republicans supported the amendment.^[11]

TheSouth Dakota State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that would establish an unclaimed property trust fund. The constitutional amendment received unanimous support in the state Legislature.^[10]

TheSouth Dakota State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot related to conditioning state Medicaid expansion on federal funding remaining at or above 90%. Of the 91 legislative Republicans who voted, 90 supported the amendment, while Democrats opposed the amendment.^[9]

Signatures were verified for theWyoming Homeowner’s Primary Residence Property Tax Exemption Initiative. The proposal is the state's first citizen-initiated ballot measure certified in 30 years, since 1996.^[8]

TheNorth Carolina State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment, related to voter ID, to the ballot. Legislative Republicans supported the amendment, and 64 of 65 voting Democrats opposed the amendment.^[7]

Signatures were verified for theMassachusetts Firearm Regulations Referendum. The state elections division confirmed that 78,707 signatures were verified, exceeding the required 37,287.^[6]

Thesignature deadline forindirect initiated state statutes in Nevada was November 20. Signatures were filed for two ballot initiatives:Limit Contingency Fees in Civil Cases Initiative andExempt School Teachers from Public Employee Strike Ban Initiative.^[4] TheNevada Supreme Court invalidated the first initiative on January 27, 2025.^[5]

In Nevada,citizen-initiated constitutional amendments must be approved attwo successive general elections. As voters approvedQuestion 6, related to abortion, andQuestion 7, related to voter ID, on November 5, 2024, voters will decide on these initiatives for a second time in 2026.

Oklahoma Gov.Kevin Stitt (R) set June 16, 2026, as the date for a special election onState Question 832, a ballot initiative to increase the state's minimum wage to $15 per hour.^[3]

TheCalifornia State Legislature passed aconstitutional amendment to change the state'srecall election process. In the Legislature, 90 of 91 voting Democrats supported the amendment, while 24 of 25 voting Republicans opposed the amendment.^[2]

California Gov.Gavin Newsom (D) signed legislation moving theVote Requirements for Initiatives Requiring Supermajority Votes Amendment from the election on November 5, 2024, to November 3, 2026.^[1]