Voters in six states—California,Colorado,Maine,New York,Texas, andWashington—decided on 24 statewide ballot measures, approving 23 and rejecting one.

TheCalifornia State Legislature referredProposition 50 to the ballot for a special election on November 4, 2025. Proposition 50 allowed the state to use a new, legislature-drawn congressional district map for 2026 through 2030.^[30]

TheMaine State Legislature adjourned without voting on two indirect initiated state statutes. Therefore, the initiatives qualified to appear on the ballot on November 4, 2025. Oneballot initiative established a process for obtaining an Extreme Risk Protection Order to restrict a person's access to firearms or certain other weapons. The otherballot initiative would have required voters to present a photo ID to vote, among other changes.

TheNew York State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to permit the use of 323 acres within 1,039 acres of Forest Preserve land at the Mount Van Hoevenberg Olympic Sports Complex for international-standard Nordic skiing, biathlon trails, and related infrastructure, while requiring the state to acquire at least 2,500 acres of forest land for the Adirondack Park’s Forest Preserve.^[29]

TheTexas State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to change the composition of the 13-member state Commission on Judicial Conduct, and the composition of the tribunal that reviews the commission's recommendations, and the process for sanctioning and removing judges.^[28]

TheTexas State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to require courts to deny bail to individuals accused of certain violent or sexual felony offenses if the state demonstrates, by clear and convincing evidence, that releasing the person would pose a risk of wilful nonappearance in court or a threat to public safety.^[27]

TheTexas State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to allocate the first $1 billion per fiscal year to the Texas Water Fund from sales tax revenue that exceeds $46.5 billion.^[26]

TheTexas State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to create two special funds, the Permanent Technical Institution Infrastructure Fund and the Available Workforce Education Fund, outside the General Revenue Fund to finance capital projects for the Texas Technical College System.^[25]

TheTexas State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to allow the legislature to exempt a home's market value, entirely or in part, from property taxes for the surviving spouse of a veteran who died from a service-related illness.^[24]

TheTexas State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to allow the legislature to provide a temporary homestead exemption for improvements made to residences destroyed by fire.^[23]

TheTexas State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to allow the legislature to exempt from property taxes any increase in a property's value—located in a U.S.–Mexico border county—resulting from the construction or installation of border security infrastructure. Legislative Republicans, except one, supported the amendment. Among Democrats, 58.5% voted for the proposal.^[22]

TheTexas State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to provide that parents have the right "to exercise care, custody, and control of the parent’s child, including the right to make decisions concerning the child’s upbringing" and the responsibility "to nurture and protect the parent's child." In the Legislature, the amendment received unanimous support from Republicans. Among Democrats, 66.2% voted for the amendment, excluding absent or non-voting members.^[21]

TheTexas State Legislature referred two constitutional amendments related to the homestead tax exemption to the ballot.One increased the general exemption from $100,000 to $140,000 of a home's market value.^[19] Theother amendment raised the exemption for elderly or disabled homeowners from $10,000 to $60,000.^[20]

TheTexas State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment authorizing the legislature to exempt $125,000 of the market value of personal tangible property used for income production from taxes. In the Legislature, the amendment had support from most Republicans (94.9%) and Democrats (86.2%), excluding absent or non-voting members.^[18]

TheTexas State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to provide that "persons who are not citizens of the United States" cannot vote in Texas. In the Legislature, the proposal received unanimous support from Republicans. Among Democrats, 57.5% voted for the amendment, excluding absent or non-voting members.^[17]

TheTexas State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to establish the Dementia Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, along with the Dementia Prevention and Research Fund. In the Legislature, the proposal received unanimous support from Democrats. Among Republicans, 79.8% voted for the amendment.^[16]

TheTexas State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment prohibiting the legislature from imposing a state tax on a deceased person’s estate due to their death, and from imposing taxes on the transfer of estates, inheritances, and similar assets. The proposal received unanimous support from Republicans and divided Democrats 50/50 between the two chambers, excluding absent or non-voting members.^[15]

TheTexas State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment authorizing the legislature to pass a property tax exemption on animal feed held by the property owner for retail sale. In the Legislature, the amendment had support from most Republicans (99.1%) and Democrats (84.4%), excluding absent or non-voting members.^[14]

TheColorado State Legislature referred two measures to the ballot that address the Healthy School Meals for All Program (HSMA). Thefirst measure allowed the state to retain and spend additional revenue on the program. Thesecond one reduced state income tax deduction limits for taxpayers earning $300,000 or more to generate an estimated $95 million each year for the HSMA Program. In the Legislature, Democrats supported the measures, while Republicans, except for one Senate Republican, opposed them.^[13]

In Ohio, voters approvedIssue 2, which authorized the state to issue up to $2.5 billion in general obligation bonds, limited to $250 million per year over 10 years, to assist local governments in funding public infrastructure improvement projects.

The Texas State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that prohibited the state legislature from enacting a tax on realized or unrealized capital gains of an individual, family, estate, or trust. In the Legislature, 100.0% of Republicans and 40.7% of Democrats supported the proposal.^[12]

The Texas State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that prohibited laws that impose an occupation tax on a registered securities market operator or a securities transaction tax. In the Legislature, 96.3% of Republicans and 54.5% of Democrats supported the proposal.^[11]

The Washington State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot that allowed the Long-Term Services and Supports (LTSS) Trust Fund to be invested in stocks and equities, with earnings dedicated to funding long-term care services and supports for program beneficiaries. In the Legislature, 94% of Democrats and 61% of Republicans supported the proposal.^[10]

Voters inWisconsin approved a constitutional amendment,Question 1, to add a photo identification requirement to the state constitution.

Voters inLouisiana rejected four constitutional amendments, with each receiving between 34% and 36% of the vote.

Thesignature deadline forindirect initiated state statutes in Maine was January 23. Signatures were filed for two ballot initiatives:Require Voter Photo Identification Initiative andFirearm Extreme Risk Protection Orders Initiative.^[8][9] Both were certified to theMaine State Legislature.

TheWisconsin State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot for April 1, 2025. The ballot measure amended the Wisconsin Constitution to require valid photo identification to vote. In the Senate and Assembly, Republicans voted for the amendment, and Democrats voted against the amendment.^[7]

TheOhio State Legislature referred aconstitutional amendment to the ballot for May 6, 2025. The ballot measure authorized $2.5 billion in general obligation bonds for public infrastructure improvement projects.^[6]

TheLouisiana State Legislature referred four constitutional amendments—Amendment 1,Amendment 2,Amendment 3, andAmendment 4—to the ballot for March 29, 2025.^[2][3][4][5]