- ^ While Manila proper is designated as the nation's capital, the whole ofکلانشهر مانیل (NCR) is designated asseat of government, hence the name of a region. This is because it has many national government institutions aside from Malacanang Palace and some agencies/institutions that are located within the capital city.[۱۱]
- ^ The 1987 Philippine constitution specifies "Spanish and Arabic shall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis."[۱۲]
- ^ Filipino revolutionariesdeclared independence from Spain on June 12, 1898, but Spain ceded the islands to the United States for $20 million in theTreaty of Paris on December 10, 1898 which eventually led to thePhilippine–American War.
- ^ The United States of America recognized the independence of the Philippines on July 4, 1946, through theTreaty of Manila.[۱۳] This date was chosen because it corresponds to the U.S.Independence Day, which was observed in the Philippines asIndependence Day until May 12, 1962, whenPresidentDiosdado Macapagal issued Presidential Proclamation No. 28, shifting it to June 12, the date ofEmilio Aguinaldo's proclamation.[۱۴]
- ^ In accordance with article 11 of the Revolutionary Government Decree of June 23, 1898, theMalolos Congress selected a commission to draw up a draftآنایاسا on September 17, 1898. The commission was composed of Hipólito Magsalin, Basilio Teodoro, José Albert,Joaquín González,Gregorio Araneta, Pablo Ocampo, Aguedo Velarde, Higinio Benitez,Tomás del Rosario,José Alejandrino, Alberto Barretto, José Ma. de la Viña, José Luna,Antonio Luna, Mariano Abella, Juan Manday,Felipe Calderón,Arsenio Cruz and Felipe Buencamino.[۱۵] They were all wealthy and well educated.[۱۶]
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