Adversaries may add adversary-controlled credentials to a cloud account to maintain persistent access to victim accounts and instances within the environment.

For example, adversaries may add credentials for Service Principals and Applications in addition to existing legitimate credentials in Azure / Entra ID.^[1][2][3] These credentials include both x509 keys and passwords.^[1] With sufficient permissions, there are a variety of ways to add credentials including the Azure Portal, Azure command line interface, and Azure or Az PowerShell modules.^[4]

In infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) environments, after gaining access throughCloud Accounts, adversaries may generate or import their own SSH keys using either theCreateKeyPair orImportKeyPair API in AWS or thegcloud compute os-login ssh-keys add command in GCP.^[5] This allows persistent access to instances within the cloud environment without further usage of the compromised cloud accounts.^[6][7]

Adversaries may also use theCreateAccessKey API in AWS or thegcloud iam service-accounts keys create command in GCP to add access keys to an account. Alternatively, they may use theCreateLoginProfile API in AWS to add a password that can be used to log into the AWS Management Console forCloud Service Dashboard.^[8][9] If the target account has different permissions from the requesting account, the adversary may also be able to escalate their privileges in the environment (i.e.Cloud Accounts).^[10][11] For example, in Entra ID environments, an adversary with the Application Administrator role can add a new set of credentials to their application's service principal. In doing so the adversary would be able to access the service principal’s roles and permissions, which may be different from those of the Application Administrator.^[12]

In AWS environments, adversaries with the appropriate permissions may also use thests:GetFederationToken API call to create a temporary set of credentials toForge Web Credentials tied to the permissions of the original user account. These temporary credentials may remain valid for the duration of their lifetime even if the original account’s API credentials are deactivated.
^[13]

In Entra ID environments with the app password feature enabled, adversaries may be able to add an app password to a user account.^[14] As app passwords are intended to be used with legacy devices that do not support multi-factor authentication (MFA), adding an app password can allow an adversary to bypass MFA requirements. Additionally, app passwords may remain valid even if the user’s primary password is reset.^[15]