الفاشيه (طاليانى: Fascismo), بتضم ايديولوجيه سياسيهقوميهمتطرفه ومتسلّطه[1][2][3][4] و ايديولوجيهكورپوراتيه اقتصاديه طلعت فىايطاليا.[5] الفاشيين بيؤمنو ان الاُمم و/او الاعراق هما فى صراع دايم و القوى بس هو اللى يقدر يتَنّهُ عايش بانه يبقى صحى, وحيوى. و يحط نفسيه فى صراع ضد الضعاف.[6]
الفاشيه كانت بتعارض الشيوعيه، و بتقوم على نظام حكومة القله، و سيادة سلطة الدوله المطلقه للطبقه الفاشيه الحاكمه، و الاعتماد على التنظيمات الشبابيه، و تمثيل الطبقات مش الاحزاب. اشتق اسمها من كلمة فاسيس (fasces) اللاتينى، و معناها "عصاية الحاكم" فىعصر الرومان، و كانت رمز للسيطره و الحكم. اتكون الحزب الفاشيستى فىايطاليا سنة1919 بزعامةبينيتو موسولينى، و فضل يحكم ايطاليا من سنة1922 لغاية سنة1943. فى سنة1936 اتكونت احزاب فاشيستيه فىالمانيا والنمسا والمجر وبولاندا وبلغاريا واليونان واليابان، و اتأثرتالنازى فى المانيا والفالانج فىاسبانيا بالفاشيه. فىانجلترا اتمثلت الفاشيه بالسيراوزوالد موزلى.
↑Girvin, Brian.The Right in the Twentieth Century. Pinter, 1994. Pp. 83. Describes fascism as an "anti-liberal radical authoritarian nationalist movement".
↑Turner, Henry Ashby.Reappraisals of Fascism. New Viewpoints, 1975. Pp. 162. States fascism's "goals of radical and authoritarian nationalism".
↑Payne, Stanley. Fascism in Spain, 1923-1977. Univ of Wisconsin Press, 1992. Pp. 43. Payne describes Spanish fascistJosé Antonio Primo de Rivera's objectives, saying "Young José Antonio's primary political passion was and would long remain the vindication of his father's work, which he was now trying to conceptualize in a radical, authoritarian nationalist form."
↑Larsen, Stein Ugelvik; Hagtvet, Bernt; Myklebust, Jan Petter.Who were the Fascists: social roots of European Fascism. Pp. 424. This reference calls fascism an "organized form of integrative radical nationalist authoritarianism".
↑E.g. Noel O'Sullivan's five major themes of fascism are: corporatism, revolution, the leader principle, messianic faith, and autarky. The Fascism Reader by Aristotle A. Kallis says, "1. Corporatism. The most important claim made by fascism was that it alone could offer the creative prospect of a 'third way' betweencapitalism and socialism.Hitler. inMein Kampf, spoke enthusiastically about the 'National Socialist corporative idea' as one which would eventually 'take the place of ruinous class warfare'; whilstMussolini. in typically extravagant fashion, declared that 'the Corporative System is destined to become the civilization of the twentieth century.'"
↑Hawkins, Mike. Social Darwinism in European and American Thought, 1860-1945: Nature as Model and Nature as Threat. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. p. 285. "Conflict is in fact the basic law of life in all social organisms, as it is of all biological ones; societies are formed, gain strength, and move forwards through conflict; the healthiest and most vital of them assert themselves against the weakest and less well adapted through conflict; the natural evolution of nations and races takes place through conflict." Alfredo Rocco, Italian Fascist theorist and government minister.
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