Full text of "Eboracum, or, The history and antiquities of the city of York, from its original to the present times : together with the history of the cathedral church, and the lives of the archbishops of that see, from the first introduction of Christianity into the northern parts of this island, to the present state and condition of the magnificent fabrick : collected from authentick manuscripts, publick records, ancient chronicles, and modern historians : and illustrated with copper plates : in two books"

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.  /»  rjjuck M*C-) p**+7lcic*J E  B  O  RA  C U  M : OR  THE HISTORY AND ANTiaUITIES OF  T  H  E I R From  its  Original  to  the  Present  Times. Together  with  the Hiftory  of  the  Cathedral  Church, AND  THE Lives  of  the  Archbishops  of  that  SEE, From  the  firft  Introduction  of  CHRISTIANITY  into  the Northern  Parts  of  this  Island,  to  the  prefent  State  and  Condi¬ tion  of  that  Magnificent  Fabrick. Collett  eel  from  Authentick  Manufcripts,  Publick  Records ,  Ancient Chronicles ,  and  Modern  Htflorians. And  illuftrated  with  COPPER  PLATES. In  Two  BOOKS. By  FRANCIS  DRAKE,  of  the  City  of  TOR  K,  Gent. P.  R.  S.  and  Member  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  in  London. Nee  manet  ut  fuerat ,  nec  formam  fervat  eandem , Sed  tamen  iff  a  eadem  ejl.  Ovib.Met.  Lib.  XV. Sed  tamen  ipfa  eadem  ejl. LONDON, Printed  by  William  Bowyer  for  the  Author.  MDCCXXXVI RIGHT  HONOURABLE Sir  RICHARD  BOYLE, Earl  of  BURLINGTON, Earl  of  C  ORKE,  Vifcount  D  UNGARVON and  Kynalmachy  in  Ireland, Baron  Clifford  of  Londes  burgh, AND Knight  of  the  moft  noble  Order  of  the  GARTER, My  LORD, THE  author  of  this  work  prefents  it  to your  patronage,  as  to  a  perlon  every way  qualified  for  an  add  refs  of  this nature.  For,  where  fhould  the  hiftory  of  an ancient logins. dedication. ancient  Ro?na?i  city,  in  Britain,  find  greater  fa¬ vour,  or  meet  with  a  better  reception,  than from  a  nobleman,  whole  particular  genius,  al- molt,  fpeaks  him  of  Roman  extraction  ? Dedications,  my  Lord,  are  in  our  days  fo commonly  proftituted  to  venal  purpofes,  that, they  look  more  like  humble  petitions  for  cha¬ rity  than  proper  addrelfes.  hefides,  the  pa¬ tron’s  genius  or  tafte  is  rarely  con  halted  in  this fort  of  application. - 1  hope  I  am  free  from any  imputation  of  that  kind.  The  frrong  re¬ lation,  and  attachment,  your  Lordlhip  bears  to the  noble  fubjeCt  I  have  chofen,  calls  loudly for  this  publick  declaration  of  it. i The  illultrious  name  of  Clifford,  the blood  of  which  noble  houfe  now  runs  in your  veins,  for  many  ages,  has  been  familiar to  Tork.  Nor,  is  the  name  of  Boyle  a  ftranger to  our  records 5  your  Lordfhip’s  great  grand¬ father,  the  then  earl  of  Burlington,  having  done this  city  an  extraordinary  honour  in  bearing the  office  of  its  recorder.  - Befides,  1  can with  pleafure  fay,  the  places  of  your  Lordlhip’s EngliJJj  titles  make  no  fmall  figure  in  this very  hiltory ;  having  been,  indubitably,  one of  them  a  Roman  port ;  and,  the  other,  your paternal  and  favourite  feat,  a  Roman  ftation  in our  neighbourhood. For 4 DEDICATION. For  yourfelf,  befides  the  title  of  governour of  Tork,  and  its  peculiar  diftrict  the  Jin  fly , which  you  have  born5  you  have  ftill  a  much nearer  affinity  to  it,  by  accepting  of  a  diploma for  a  free  citizen  in  that  body.  And,  when  I mention  the  noble  edifice,  defigned  and  finilhed under  your  particular  care  and  direction,  not to  lpeak  of  your  generous  and  liberal  donations to  it,  I  mult  farther  fay  that  it  will  be  a  lad¬ ing  monument  of  the  great  regard  and  value you  pay  to  this  ancient  city.  For  Tork,  by  your means,  is  now  poffelled  of  a  ftru&ure,  in  a truer  and  nobler  tafte  of  architecture,  than,  in all  probability,  the  Roman  Eboracum  could ever  boalt  of.  Your  Lordlhip’s  great  knowledge in  this  art,  foars  up  to  the  Juguflan  age  and ftyle and,  that  Pretorian  palace,  once  in  old Eboracum,  made  ever  memorable  for  the  re- fidence  and  deaths  of  two  Roman  emperors,  and in  all  likelihood,  for  the  birth  of  a  third,  mull' if  now  Handing,  have  given  place  to  your  Egyp¬ tian  hall  in  our  prefent  Tork. Your  Lordfhip’s  tafte  in  hiftory  and  antiqub ties,  as  well  as  in  the  liberal  arts  and  fcieuces, is  too  well  known  to  need  any  comment.  And, when  I  inform  the  world  that  I  have  your  per- miffion  to  addrefs  this  work  to  you,  I  dare  lay that  I  fhall  readily  be  believed.  You  did  me the  honour  to  fee  and  approve  of  my  firft a  draught. 4 DEDICATION. draught,  or  fcheme  of  this  great  work.  A noble  defign,  though  drawn  by  your  Lordlhip, may  be  ill  executed.  Yet,  howfoever  mean this  performance  may  be  found,  the  fubjed  it treats  of  muft  be  allowed  worthy  the  patronage of  the  Earl  of  Burlington. My  Lord, Your  other  fhining  charaderifticks  in  life are  now  before  me-  But,  to  the  prelent  age it  would  be  faying  nothing  to  tell  what  every one  is  acquainted  with.  And,  fhould  I  pre¬ tend  tofpeak  to  futurity,  your  own  pencil,  and the  works  proceeding  from  it,  will  leave  no¬ bler  proofs  of  your  exalted  genius  than  my  poor pen  can  draw.  Yet,  give  me  leave  to  fpeak  to you,  as  the  poet  did  of  old  to  another  truly noble  patron,  Dii  till  divitias  dederint,  and,  what is,  by  fir,  the  greater  bleffing,  Artem  Fru- endi.  For,  if  the  right  ufe  of  riches  confifts in  the  exercife  of  all  moral,  focial,  and  bene¬ ficent  virtues  to  our  fellow  creatures,  both equal  and  inferiour  to  us  in  fortune ;  if,  along with  titles,  honours,  and  eftates,  we  meet  with humanity,  good  nature,  and  affability  to  all mankind  ;  and  if  we  find  riches  laid  out  in  a delicacy  of  tafte,  fuperiour  to  any  thing  feen before  in  this  Bland ;  then,  we  may,  furely , pronounce  the  perfon  fo  bleffed,  every  way qualified  to  enjoy  them. T  HAT DEDICATION. That  your  Lordfhip  may  long  continue , what  you  now  really  are,  a  lingular  ornament to  this  country,  is  the  hearty  and  lincere  wilh of My  LORD . Tour  Lordjhip's MoH  obedient,  and Moft  obliged Humble  Servant , London,  Auguft  i, J736- FRANCIS  DRAKE. KS53 /.  s.  d. THE  Number  of  Sheets  propofed  for  this  WORK? _  was  1 2  j,  befides  Copper  Plates,  at  two  Guineas,  C  220 The  Work  being  encreafed  to  200  Sheets  and  a  half,? the  additional  7  5  Sheets  and  a  half  at  2  d.  per  Sheet,  >  0127 according  to  the  Propofals,  amount  to  -  -  \ Total  for  each  Book  in  fmall  Paper  2  14  7 The  Price  of  the  large  is  double  the  fmall  Paper. N.  B.  The  Author,  notwithftanding  the  Expence  he  has  been  at in  engraving  a  much  greater  Number  of  Copper  Plates  than was  at  firft  propofed,  is  willing  to  reduce  the  Price  to  two Guineas  and  a  half  for  the  fmall  Paper,  and  five  Guineas  for the  large,  to  his  Subscribers. the PREFACE. PrefMi  to  a  bo°k  is  fi fajhionable  and  fi  particular  an  ornament  to  it , that  without  one ,  or  at  leaf  an  introduction,  the  work  would  look  like  a new  built  houfe,  to  which  the  architect  had  made  no  entrance.  But thouSjthls'  many  ttmfi  necejfiary  exordium,  to  a  book,  mull,  according  to ns  hand  Tl/t. h  TfT / J  ^  the  W  thinZ  thc  ^thorputs h‘s  hand  to,  of  the  whole  performance.  I  own  that  I  am  firry  lean  no  way  avoid fuch  a  preamble-,  there  being  many  andfirong  reafins  to  urge  me  to  it  ■  eUe  I (hZd willingly,  beg  to  be  excufid-  the  itch  of  fribbling,  with  me,  having. Veen  fufficUnt- h  abated  by  what  I  have  already  gone  through.  Befdes,  as  I  declare  I  hardly niyfilf  ever  read  a  preface  m  my  life,  I  can  Jcarcely  exfeCl  that  any  other  tier, on Jhould  ever  take  the  pains  to  read  mine.  Tet,  as  there  niay  be  fever  al  that  wait  for and  will  take  more  notice  of  this  preceding  than  of  its  confequential  part  to  fuch  1 addrefi  myfilf-,  and  Jhall  declare  the  reafins,  jijl  mentioned,  in  as  brief  a  manner induce  n2reJ‘hCjU,’jeaWllliear,  °rth'P™  °f"  tired  writer  will  necejjarily el  F*‘. 1  ‘hlnk  U  fr-°fer  t0  &ivefmc  account  to  the  pubtick  what  were  the  motives that  put  me  upon  writing  on  afubjeClfi  very  foreign  jo  the  profefion  I  was  TroZht "fr  thofe  being  fmewhat  unaccountable,  I  Jhall  not  wajle much  time  in  jhe dtfquifition.  I  foal  only  jay,  that,  being  bred  a  Jurgeon,  and,  poMly  allowel feme  Jhare  of  knowledge  m  my  profefion,  yet  Hiftory  and  Anujuiw  fe  always if*"-  fry']  U'nojl,  as  many  books  fubiijhcj  fsbfifi  if the  body  as  there  are of  the Joul ;  and  the  practice  of  the  former,  both  externally  and in  ernally,  ,s  made  fi  evident  and  clear,  by  them,  jo  the  meaneft  capZity that  in reading  a  common  Difpenfitonr  only,  we  may  imagine  that  no  body  has  occl„  to fj,  Z  7  777  em7  dP  fured’  in  Mlici  Advertifementt,  that  Aid ZfZlZ/  7'-  thedumbta'f  and  the  lame  throw  away  their  cru  ch  s  by nlfn’Zf  7  7-  ,nf,Z,flCant  aPf'‘cat‘°ns  and  remedies.  In  an  age  like  this nZdd  he  r  b!?USht  f°Juch  «  perfection  as  even  to  work  miracles  ubon  nature  I f.ould  be  highly  prejumptuous  to  pretend  to  exceed.  Betides  T  nm  r  Uf-  r.  /  •  , U.SfiffifZ t  Silt Iff nous  traCl  will Jhew,  I  jud^e  if  I  know  „„„  S'  J  Ceedtd’  the  following  volumi- ssismimmmm •»  ^  they PREFACE. ?/jt’y  &«gw  /<?  $«?.  My  acquaintance  and  correjpondents  all  kno'W  me  to  be  commu¬ nicative  enough ,  both  in  epi/lolary  and  common  conjervation ;  having  been  ever  of the  fame  mind  with  old  Perfius,  in  this ,  that Scire  tuum  nihil  eft,  nifi  te  fcire  hoc  fciat  alter. Having  premifed  thus  much,  I  think  it  further  proper  to  fay  fomcthing  on  the nature  of  the  JiibjeSi  I  have  chofen,  and  to  point  out  who  they  were  who  have  gone before  me  in  this  traSl,  and  from  whom  my  collections  have  been  a?iy  ways  bettered or  enriched.  I  apprehend  the  hijlory  of  any  very  remarkable  ancient  city ,  or  pecu¬ liar  comity  in  Britain,  is  enough  to  exercife  the  genius  of  the  able  ft  hiftorian  or  anti¬ quary.  An d yet  I  am  well  aware  that  the  hijlory  of  any  particular  place ,  or  local hijlory ,  meets  with  no  fuch  tncouragement from  the  world  as  the  more  general  hi- Jlorians  are  honoured  with.  IV e  have  an  inftance  before  our  eyes  of  an  hifory  of  Eng¬ land  taking  a  prodigious  run ;  and  making  its  way ,  at  no  Jmall  expence  to  the  buyers , almojl ,  into  every  family  in  the  kingdom.  And ,  will  in  time  be  as  much  engrafted  there, made  familiar ,  and  had  in  as  great  regard  as  the  old  family  Bible.  Whilft  fuch an  hijlory  as  mine  is  mufl  lag  behind ,  be  raifed  by  the  heavy  method  of  fnbfcription, thrift  into  the  prejs  and  dragged  through  it  by  all  the  force  and  frength  that  the author ,  or  his  friends,  can  apply  to  the  engine.  'This  difeouragement  from  the  publick does  not  in  the  leaf  abate  in  me  a  value  for  local  hifories.  We  all  know  that  the hijlory  of  a  hero  or  warrior ,  of  a  fatefman ,  and  fometimes ,  even,  of  a  private perfon  is  frequently  full  of  uncommon  events  or  accidents  though  deduced  down  in no  longer  a  J'cries  than  the  fhort  courfe  of  human  life.  By  how  much  more  therefore jnufl  the  hijlory  of fuch  a  city  as  this  exceed  in  matter,  could  we,  as  in  the  former caj'e,  as  clearly  difeern  it  through  a  feries  of  Jo  many  revolutions  of  things  and  per- fons  in  the  courje  of  fo  many  ages  f  And  yet,  after  all,  I  muf  own  that  to  a  perfon who  is  ?iot  a  tolerable  mafer  of  general  hijlory,  this  particular  one  will  be  found  to have  lefts  Jolt,  be  taftlefs  to  him,  or  unintelligible. EN.  To  mention  the  writers  who  have  gone  before  me  on  this  fubjeSf,  I  fall  here  take notice  of  few  or  none,  in  a  general  way,  but ,  that  honour  to  our  country ,  the great  Mr.  Camden.  And,  indeed,  the  city  of  York  is  much  indebted  to  the  memo¬ ry  of  that  able  hiftorian  and  antiquary  for  the  clear  and  Juccintt  account  he  has  left us  of  it.  As  he  feems  pleafed  with  the  Jiibjedl,  fo  he  has  done  it  a  great  deal  of  ju- ftice-,  and,  conftdcririg  the  extenftvenefs  of  his  whole  defign,  York  has  as  great  a jhare  in  his  work  as  London  itj'elf ;  which  T  amfure  is  no  fmall  compliment  to  our city.  His  learned  tranftator  and  continuator,  the  prefent  bijhop  of  London,  Jays, that  he  has  little  to  add  to  fo  particular  an  account  as  the  hiftorian  has  given  j  and only  wijhes  “  that  this  ancient  and  noble  city  may  yet  receive  a  clearer  luftre  from  a “  manujeript  hijlory  of  its  antiquities  wrote  by  fir  Thomas  Widdrington,  fometime «  recorder  of  York  ,  which  upon  Jome  dijguft  he  prohibited  the  publication  oft  ”  The learned  writer  adds,  that  the  original  manujeript  is  now  in  the  Fairfax  family . What  other  general  hiftorians  I  have  been  indebted  to,  are  all  mentioned  in  the  body of  the  work,  as  the  Jeveral  quotations  are  made  from  them. as  And  now,  [nice  fir  Thomas  Widdringtonh  name  is  on  the  carpet ,  I  muft  firft G_  own  my  obligations  to  that  gentleman,  who  was  the  firft,  that  I  know  of,  who  un¬ dertook  to  write  in  a  particular  way  the  hijlory  of  this  city.  The  great  and Jirange  feenes  of  life  fir  Thomas  run  through  is  not  Jo  much  my  province  to write  of ;  who  will,  may  meet  with  Jome  account  of  this  gentleman  in Anthony  Woodh  Athenian  Oxonienles,  and  in  a  late  odlavo  book  publiftoed  un¬ der  the  title  of  the  life  and  death  of  Oliver  Cromwell.  This  writer  in  all  pro¬ bability  began  to  make  his  collections  Jor  his  hijlory  in  king  Charles  the  firft' s  time , when  he  was  recorder  of  York.  For  in  a  J'peech  to  that  monarch,  at  his  coming to  the  city ,  in  the  year  1639,  he  pays  a  ftrained  compliment  to  the  king  oj its  being more  honoured  by  his  having  been  duke  of  York,  than  by  the  refidence  and  deaths of  emperors  *  ,  which  Jhews  that  he  had  then  read  fomcthing  of'  the  antiquities  oj  it. The  civil  wars  intervening,  in  which  our  author  could  not  be  unconcerned,  his  hi¬ jlory  Jeans  only  to  be  finijhed  in  the  Halcyon  days ,  for  his  party ,  that  enfued. And  it  muft  be  after  the  Reftoration  that  he  Jent  the  city  word  he  intended  to print  and  dedicate  his  elaborate  performance  to  them.  1  prej'ume  he  Jent  them  al- *  Seethe  fpeeih,  />.  136. print PREFACE. fo  a  copy  of  what  he  intended  to  fay  to  the  mdgifiracy ,  whom  he  propofd  to  dddrefs it  to  ;  elfe  the  anfwer ,  which  isfmart  enough ,  could  not  have  retorted  fo  jlrongh upon  it  *.  This  rebuff,  we  are  told,  was  the  reajon,  though  he  did  not,  as  fir  Walter Rawleigh  is  Jaid  to  do,  burn  his  manufcript,  that  a  prohibition  was  laid  upon  his defcendants  ever  to  publifli  it.  I  cannot  attejl  the  truth  of  this,  which,  if  Jo,  in  all probability  might  be  found  in  his  will,  now  in  the  prerogative-office  of  Canterbury  ■- but  the  circumjiance  is  not  J'o  material  to  me  as  to  occajion  the  trouble  of  a  fearcb  for it.  Sir  Thomas  had  married  a  fifier  of  lord  Thomas  Fairfax,  and  left  behind  him four  daughters ,  all  well  befiowed  in  marriage  to  as  many  confiderable  families  in this  kingdom.  By  which  former  alliance  and  the  great  reJpeB  he  bore  to  the  lord Fairfax,  it  is  very  poffible  that  he  gave  or  left  the  original  manufcript  to  that  noble lord.  Two  copies  of  which  are,  as  I  am  informed,  one  of  them  in  the  Fairfax  of Menfton  family,  and  the  other  in  that  of  Shaftoe  of  the  biffoprick  of  Durham; which  lafi  had  married  one  of  fir  Thomas  Widdrington’r  daughters.  I  fay,  I  am informed,  becau/e  1  never  could  get  a  fight  of  either  copy,  though  I  once  took  great pains  to  procure  the  favour.  That  in  the  Fairfax  family  being  kept  lub  figillo;  as bifiop  Nicholfon  rightly  exprefes  it  in  his  Engliih  hiftorical  library.  1  was  lejs anxious  about  the  matter,  when,  by  the  indulgence  of  the  city,  an  order  was  made to  fuffer  me  to  inJpeSt  their  records,  and  copy  what  I  pleafed  f  or  my  book.  By  this means  another  copy  of  this  noted  manufcript  of  fir  Thomas'*  fell  into  my  hands. How,  or  when,  the  city  procured  it,  1  cannot  fay,  but  I  know  it  to  be  a  true  one, though  the  ignorance  of  the  tranfcriber,  in  the  Latin  tongue,  fuffered  him  to  make fever al  miftakes  in  copying  that  language.  How  I  came  to  be  certain  that  this  is  a true  copy  was  by  an  accident  that  I  never  expeBed  to  meet  with,  and  is  this.  The reverend  Dr.  Vernon  oj  St.  George’*  Bloom  (bury  hearing  of  my  dejign,  fince  I came  to  London,  inf  ormed  Mr.  Gyles  the  bookfeiler,  one  of  the  perfons  mentioned  in my  propofals  to  take  in  fubferiptions  for  me,  of  a  manufcript  in  the  hands  of  fir Robert  Smyth  of  Bury  in  Suffolk,  Bart,  which  he  J' aid  related  to  the  hijiory  and  an¬ tiquities  oj  York,  I  was  Jurprized  at  this ,  when  it  was  told  me-,  thinking  I  had then  feen  every  thing  of  that  kind  which  it  was  pqjfible  for  me  to  get  at.  Upon  ap¬ plication  to  the  doBor  he  was  Jb  good  as  -to  procure  me  the  loan  of  the  manufcript-, but  1  was  much  more  furprized  to  find  it  fir  Thomas  Widdrington’*  work-,  and •what  is  yet  more  extraordinary,  I  dare  aver  that  this  is  the  very  original  which he  himfelf  intended  for  the  prefs.  The  reafon  which  makes  me  fo  pofitive  in  it,  is, that  though  this  manufcript  was  wrote  by  fame  amanuenfis,  yet  it  is  interlined  'and noted  in  the  margin  by  his  own  hand  in  many  places ;  fever  al  things,  and  thofe  ex- preffwns  chiefly  which  bore  any  thing  hard  upon  the  church  or  monarchy,  are  jlYuck out  and  expunged:  Oj  which  1  could  give  from  the  manufcript  many  inftances  were it  neceffary  to  do  it.  At  the  head  of  an  appendix  to  the  book  is  this  note  on  the margin ,  I  purpofe  not  to  add  this  appendix  to  the  book  when  it  is  printed ;  in  re¬ gard  the  appendix  is  im perfect.  There  are  other  references  and  notes  put  in  by  the author,  which  Jhew,  moji  evidently,  that  this  was  the  very  book  which  he  himfelf drefftd  up  and  put  the  lafi  hand  to  for  the  prefs.  On  the  title  page  of  the  copy  in  the city  *  cujlody  is  a  remark  made  that  the  author  did  expunge  feveral  things  jrom  his manujeript,  as  the  reader  will J’ee  at  p.  lxxxiv.  of  my  appendix,  where  I  have  cau- fed  the  title ,  his  dedication ,  and  the  city1  s  anfwer  to  be  all  printed  together.  And there  it  is  /'aid  to  be  in  the  pof'ejfion  of  the  lord  Fairfax.  If  this  was  Thomas  lord Fairfax,  his  tffeBs,  library,  6c  c.  were  all  fold  and  difperfed  at  his  death-,  jb  that this  manufcript  might  come,  at  lafi,  into  the  hands  of  Jb  diligent  a  colieBor  as  the late  Mr.  Richardlon  apothecary  in  London.  Sir  Robert  Smyth  bought  it  at Mr.  Ofborn’*  fale  of  that  gentleman1  s  library ,  about  a  year  or  two  ago ;  which  is all  the  intelligence  I  could  team  about  it. After  what  I  have  thought  neceffary  here  to  fay,  it  may  eafily  be  believed  that  I have  had  all  the  affiflan.ee  which  the  hijiory  of  this  city  wrote  by  fir  Thomas  Wid- drington  could  give  me.  It  is  true,  1  have  not  followed  his  method,  becauje  I  did not  approve  of  it ;  for  which  reafon  what  I  have  thought  fit  to  extraB  from  him  lyes mixed  and  interfperfed  with  mine,  and  others,  throughout  the  whole  performance. But  I  am  pofitive  that  1  have  not  made  ufe  of  one  quotation  from  this  work  with¬ out  a  fir  T.W  .to  it-,  either  in  the  body  of  my  work,  or  in  a  marginal  note. *  See  the-dedication  and  anfwer  at  page  lxxxiv.  and  lxxxv.  of  the  appendix. Sir preface. S!r  Thomas,  as  I  have  [aid,  finijhed  his  hijiory  about  the  year  i6co,  or  60 ;  as - j  Jere!  ,  t/j!nSj  ,n  h‘s  kook  may  bejkewn ;  particularly  his  mentioning.  Mrs  Mid dleton  s  hojpita  ,n  Skeldergate,  which  was  built  and  endowed  the  fame  years  '  This gentleman  had  been '.then  a long  while  recorder  of  the  city,  by  which  means  'he  had libei  t\  tomJpcSt  the  records  and  extrali  what  he  wanted  for  his  u[e  This  with h,s  own  Jhil  ,n  hisprofe/fion,  in  which  I  have  heard  he  was  very  eminent,  made  him very  capable  to  write  the  law  part  of  his  hijiory ,  and  indeed  it  is  that  par,  I  am the  moft  indebted  to  him  for.  Though  what  l  have  given  on  that  head  is  not  all nor  near  all,  taken  from  his  collelfions.  Sir  Thomas  was  returned  and  [at  in  the LongParl'ament/or  the  town  ./Berwick;  but  in  that  memorable  Convention,  which put  she  faff  of  the  protcllorfhip  into  Cromwell's  hands,  and  would,  if  he  had  do Jired  it  have  Jet  the  crown  on  his  head,  he  ferved  Jor  the  city  of  York.  He  was chofen  jpeaker  of  this  meeting  and  in  a  moft  Jblemn  and  religious  form,  and  with  a Jet  Jpeech  to  the  purpofe,  mvefled  his  highnefs  with  his  robes  and  honours  It  was at  this  time  that  bang  ,n  great  power  and  favour,  he  might  have  done  much  more profitable  things  for  the  city  than  writing  a  hijiory  of  it.  Tet  I  do  not  find  any thing  attempted  by  him  ,n  that  way.  This  muft  dijguft  his  fellow  citizens,  and they  feemed  only  to  wait  a  pair  opportunity  to  tell  him  as  much  of  it.  In  the  bird pari, ament  at  the  Reiteration  >  Thomas  was  again  returned  Jor  this  city  but  I fuppofe  Ins  intereft  here  funk  very Jbon  after,  for  he  tod  his  feat  the  next,  and  threw up  his  recorderjhip  the  fame  year,  viz.  1661.  It  was  about  this  time,  no  doubt that  the  letter  was  Jent  him  relating  to  the  publication  of  his  book-,  which  though anonymou  s,  he  muft  needs  know  from  whence  it  came,  and  by  whole  direction  it  was wrote.  The  /ling  in  the  tail  of  it  J'ujficiently  Jhews  their  refentment  againfi  him  ■ by  pointing  out  to  him  their  wants,  which  he  muft  have  been  acquainted  with  and probably,  might  have  remedied  in  the  height  of  his  power. Thus  much  I  have  thought  fit  to  fay  relating  to  fir  Thomas  Widdrington  and  his mamjenpt  hijiory  of  York.  I  could  not  well  fay  lefs  on  a  predeceffor  of  fuch  uh common  merit  and  eminence.  And  I  Jhould  have  been  thought  very  lame  and  de Jeltive,  in  my  own  account,  if  I  could  not  have  affured  the  fublick,  'in  this  manner that  the  original,  or  a  true  copy  of  that  manufeript,  had  faffed  my  hands  What remains,  is  only  to  recommend  it  to  the  prefent  proprietors  of  the  other  copies  that they  would  print  it ;  face  one  of  them  has  been  offered  to  Jale,  and fmee  no  injunSfion from  the  author  obliges  them  now  to  the  contrary.  The  world  would  then  judge whether  what  I  have  alledged  in  this  matter  is  true  or  not-,  and  whether  I  have not  done  juft: ce  in  this  work  to  the  memory  of  fir  Thomas  Widdrington. Dons-  During  the  time  the  former  author  was  compiling  his  particular  hijiory  of  York the  moft  induflrious  Mr.  Dodfworth  was  colle  Aing  and  tranferibing  his  many  volu¬ minous  trails,  of  eccleftaftical  and  monaftical  antiquities,  which  now  enrich  the Bodleyan  library  at  Oxford.  One  volume  of  thefe  collettions  he  deftgned  Jhould  be called  Monalticon  Boreale  * ;  being  particularly  intended  for  York,  ard  the  old Northumbrian  divifton.  At  the  publication  of  Mr.  Dodfworth's  tranferipts  fir William  Dugdale  altered  this  method-,  but  they  /land  fo  in  his  own  manuferipts  at Oxford,  ljuft  mention  this  indefatigable  collellor,  becaufe  I  have  been  indebted  to him  for  many  ufeful  mftruments  in  my  eccleftaftical  part,  'and  fo  muft  every  hftorian cl/e,  that  pretends  to  write  on  this  fubjeS,  or  a  more  general  account  of  the  church or  dtoceje  of  York..  Beftdes,  Mr.  Dodfworth  was  almoft  a  native  of  this  city,  be¬ ing  born  in  our  neighbourhood  -)- ;  and  his  father  was  regfter  to  our  eccleftaftical courts.  Nor  muft  the  famous  Tower  be  forgot  in  which  that  great  magazine  of antiquities  was  depofited ;  and  from  which  he  bad  juft  made  his  tranferipts  when tke  tower  and  they  were  blown  ufby  the  rebel  Scots  and  made  one  heap  of  ruins. <Tr>-  'The  next  which  falls  in  my  way  (to  mention  J'mall  things  with  great)  is  Chrifto- Hji°'P[ler  Hildyard  Efq;  of  an  ancient  family  in  this  counts,  recorder  of  Heddon,  and Jle'ffard  °J  St-  Mary’s  court  at  York.  This  gentleman  ,  more  out  of  zeal  to  the Jubjeil,  and  to  aftift  a  more  general  hftorian,  than  any  oftentation  of  his  own,  pub- *  Catd  likur.  MSS.  in  Anglia,  err.  4119.  vel.  VII,  VIII,  IX.  Oxon. f  1  -  •  '  ‘•"■'R  !'•'  gwes  of  himk-lt  in  ihe  aforefiid  manuferipts  is  this:  ‘  RoZer  Dodfworth  born  7 uh  2x  1  r8- Other  oi^WwitlT, ■  ' .  '  ,  '  11  ;  Cu:'n  !,i !°3Z  ex  ~ d  XCIX  This  Newton-Grange  near  Helmflty  rork- ’  -  I  U.ugbl  end  annexed  to  the  great  lordlhtp  ot  Help!,.,  being  part  of  the  polfUions  of  Ttomf,  Dnn r  Or  t-klj lifted PREFACE. iijhed  a  pretty  exaft  catalogue  of  our  mayors  and  Jherijfs  from  anno  1273  to  1664*, In  this  are  J'ome  biftorical  remarks  inter fpcrfed,  but  very  thinly ;  his  preface  con¬ taining  more  of  the  antiquities  of  York  than  his  whole  book.  The  late  indufri - ous  Mr.  Torre,  whom  I  Jhall  enlarge  upon  in  the  fequel ',  copied  this  printed  book, as  he  has  done  feveral  more,  which  be  thought  fcarce ,  and  with  J'ome  additions  of his  own,  taken  from  Camden  and  others-,  it  precedes  his  ecclef apical  account  of  the city  of  York,  in  that  volume  of  his  manuferipts  which  contain  them.  A  copy  of this,  or  the  original  tranj'cript,  was  given  by  the  colic 51  or,  or  otherways  fell  into hands  of  the  late  Mr.  Francis  Hildyard  book  feller-,  who  drefi'ed  it  up  for  the  prefs, with  a  pompous  title  page ,  and,  too  infidicioufiy,  put  Mr.  Torre’r  name  to  it.  It were  to  be  wifhed  Mr.  Hildyard  had  iiiformed  the  publick,  that  this  was  only  a  co¬ py  of  his  name-fake' s  printed  book,  Jince  he  ?nuft  know  it,  \ and  only  a  few  extra  ft  s added  by  Mr.  Torre;  it  would  have  prevented  fome  peevif:  advert  if ements,  pro and  con,  betwixt  the  Jon  of  our  great  col  left  or  and  the  bookj'eller.  How  this  necej- J'ary  preface  came  to  be  omitted  in  the  book  I  know  not ;  Mr.  Hildyard,  for  the courj'e  of  many  years,  bore  a  very  fair  char  after  in  his  bufmej's  ;  and  I  cannot fujpeft  him  to  have  done  it  with  any  defign  ;  efpecially,  when  fuch  a  declaratioji would  rather  have  cleared  up  than  obfirufted  the  matter  on  all  fides.  By  this  mi- fake  I  am  obliged  to  fay,  in  order  to  vindicate  the  memory  of  a  perfon  to  whofe labours  this  work  of  mine  is  fo  greatly  indebted,  that  a  lean  p  catalogue  as  bijhop Nicholfon,  jufly  calls  it,  of  our  mayors,  and  Jheriffs,  &c.  publijhed  long  ago  by another  hand,  is  crept  into  the  world  again  under  the  title  of  /^Antiquities  of York  City,  &c.  with  the  name  of  James  Torre,  gent,  as  author  prefixed  to if  t Following  the  courfe  of  this  lafl  book  has  led  me  out  of  my  road,  and  I  mufi  ^oHenry back  to  give  an  account  of  an  author,  J'ome  of  whoj'e  colie  ftions,  intended  for  a  hi-l^tlT- fiory  of  York,  have  alj'o  accidentally  fallen  into  my  hands.  'This  was  Henry  Keep author  of  the  Monumenta  Weftmonaflerienfia  ||  ;V  who  had  taken  fome  pains  to colie  ft  materials,  alfo,  for  a  hiftory  of  this  church  and  city.  What  occafioned  this fir  anger  to  come  down  to  York,  for  this  purpofe  I  know  not.  But,  probably ,  it  was to  get  money  by  it,  though  his  defign  with  us  went  further  than  a  bundle  of  epi¬ taphs  as  his  Weftminfter-book  is  rightly  called.  Some  account  of  this  writer  may be  met  with  in  Anthony  Wood,  and  in  bijhop  Nicholfon.  It  Jeems  he  turned  Pa- pift  in  king  James  the Jecond's  time ,  and  falling  to  decay  foon  after  the  Revolution, his  intended  hiftory  of  York  was  never finijhed.  The  former  part  of  his  work,  fair¬ ly  tranferibed for  the  prefs,  is  in  the  Mufeum  of  Roger  Gale,  efq ;  who  kindly  lent it  me.  The  papers  from  which  his  fecond  part  was  to  have  been  compofed,  were  in the pofiefiion  of  Thomas  Adams,  ejq ;  late  recorder  of  York,  and  they  were  put  in¬ to  my  hands  for  this  uje.  This  author  was  writing  his  account  of  York  about  the year  1684;  the  affiance  I  have  had  from  him,  has  been  but  fmalT,  having  met with  much  better  authorities ;  except  in  the  Heraldic  way,  in  which  he  feems  to have  been  very  particular,  in  his  defeription  of  the  arms  in  the  painted  windows  of the  feveral  churches  in  York. But  in  all  the  branches  which  compofe  the  ecclefiafiical  part  of  this  work,  I  have been  the  moft  obliged  to  the  laborious  performances  of  Mr.  James  Torre,  gent,  a perfon  of  uncommon  application  in  this  way.  As  I  have  been  fo  particularly  be¬ friended  by  them,  I  can  do  no  lefs  than  publijh  fome  account  of  that  gentleman ,  and his  writings,  efpecially  fince  no  one  has  ever  yet  attempted  to  d.o  his  memory  that juft  ice  it  deferves. The  name  and  family  of  Torre,  or  de  Turre,  who  bear  for  their  arms,  fable, Mr.  James a  tower  embattled  argent,  was  originally  of  Warwickshire;  but  fince  the  time  ^Torre- king  Henry  IV.  have  lived  chiefly  in  the  ifie  of  Haxholm,  in  the  county  of  Lincoln. Mr.  Torre’r  father,  whofe  name  was  Gregory,  in  the  time  of  the  civil-wars  bore arms  in  the  royal  caufe ;  for  which  aft  of  loyalty  his  eftate  was  Jequeftered  by  the ■rebels,  and  he  was  obliged  to  compound  for  it  at  Goldfmith’s-hall,  and  pay  Juch  a fine  as  thoje  plunderers  thought  fit  to  Jet  upon  it.  In  May  1660,  this  gentleman  de- *  Quarto,  York,  printed  for  Stephen  Bulkley,  1 664. -j-  Nicholfon' s  Engifh  hift.  library  fol.  edit.  p.  27. ^  Oftavo,  York,  printed  by  G.  White  for  Francis  Hildyard,  &c.  1719, |j  Octavo,  London,  1682. C parted PREFACE. parted  this  life,  and  was  buried  at  Haxey,  com.  Lincoln;  he  had  married  Anne daughter  and  heir  to  John  Farre  of  Epworth,  efq-,  by  whom  he  had  James  Torre, our  author,  whofucceeded  him  in  Ins  inheritance  at  Haxey,  Burnham,  Epworth  and Belton.  April  30,  1649,  this  James  was  baptized-,  and  having  acquired  a  fujflcient flock  offchool  learning,  was  fent  to  Cambridge,  and  entered  in  Magdalene-colleec in  that  univerftty.  He  ftaid  there  about  two  years  and  a  half,  and  afterwards  was admitted  into  the  fociety  of  the  fludents  of  the  Inner-temple  London.  In  all  pro¬ bability,  his  natural  inclinations  were  not  to  the  law,  for  I  do  not  find  that  he  was ever  called  to  the  bar ;  and  having  married  two  wives  he  Jettlcd  chiefly  at  York, and  bent  his  genius,  intirely,  to  the  ftudy  of  ecclefiajlical  antiquities  and  of  family defeents.  The  former  op  which  he  followed  with  that  prodigious  application  and  cx- aflmefi ,  as,  perhaps,  never  any  man  before  or  fince  could  equal.  And  in  the  latter he  has  been  no  lej's  afliduous-,  for  going  upon  the  plan  of  and  copying  fir  William Dugdale’s  baronage,  he  has  corrected,  in  many  places,  and  infinitely  exceeded  that admired  author. One  of  his  manufeript  volumes,  relating  to  church  affairs,  bears  this  title , Antiquities  ecclefialiical  of  the  city  of  York,  concerning, e  parochial. )c Churches .conventual. «r  chapels, yhofpitals. (  gilds. f  chantries '  And  in  them  <  and l\n C  parochial Alfo  churches  and (  conventual. Within  the  archdeaconry  of  the  Weft-riding.  Colledted  out  of  publick  records and  regifters.  A.D.  1691. It  appears  by  two  notes  the  author  has  placed  in  the  margin  of  this  title  page, that  he  began  to  tranferibe  from  his  papers,  and  to  methodize  them,  for  the  former pmrt,  September  4.  1691,  and  finijhed  U  October  27,  the  fame  year.  And,  for  the latter  on  Match  15,  1691,  and  compleated  it  June  9,  1692.  A  prodigious  work, •when  I  inform  the  reader,  that  this  volume  contains  no  lejs  than  one  tboufand  two hundred  and  fifty  five  columns,  in  folio;  mofily  clofe  writ,  and  in  a  very  [mall,  but legible  hand.  There  is,  likewife,  a  compleat  Index  to  the  whole.  The  other  arch¬ deaconries  of  the  diocefe  are  treated  in  the  fame  manner  in  two  more  volumes-,  and there  is,  alfo,  one  more  of  peculiars  belonging  to  the  church  or  fee.  This ,  atmoft, invaluable  treafure  to  them  was  given  to  the  dean  and  chapter’s  library ,  by  the executors  to  the  laft  will  of  the  late  archbijhop  Sharp.  No  doubt  the  worthy  fins  of  that very  eminent  prelate  imagined  they  had  an  unquefiionMe  right  to  malic  ' this  prefent. I  Jhall  not  enter  further  into  this  affair,  which  by  the  good  archbijhop' s  death,  and other  perfons  concerned,  is  now  rendered  inf crut able ;  yet  this  I  may  venture  to  fay,  that there  never  was  a  quantum  meruit  paid  to  the  author’s  reliB,  or  his  heir,  for  them. Thefe  books  are  an  Index,  or  a  key,  to  all  the  records  of  the  archbijhops,  deans and  chapters,  and  all  other  offices  belonging  to  the  church  or  fee  of  York.  By which  means,  for  infiance,  in  one  particular,  a  perfion  in  fearch  for  the  patronage of  any  living,  in  their  diftriB,  has  at  one  view,  the  exaB  Jeparate  dates  of  years and  days  of  injhtution,  a  lift  of  the  feveral  incumbents  to  it,  their  patrons,  when and  how  vacated,  with  the  authorities  for  all,  as  high  as  the  arcbiepifcopal  re¬ gifters  do  run.  His  authorities,  in  particular  marks,  are  explained  at  the  begin- ning  of  the  volume.  And  here  I  muft  take  notice,  that  our  fund  of  this  fort  of antiquity  at  York  is  much  nobler,  and  runs  higher  than  the  regifters  of  the  J'ce  of Canterbury,  by  near  one  hundred  years.  Their' s  beginning  only  at  archbifop  Rav- ner,  who  fiat  in  that  chair  about  the  year  1307;  whereas  ours  begins  with  archbi¬ jhop  Walter  Grey,  who  entered  upon  his  dignity  in  the  year  1216.  I  Jhall  not  take upon  me  to  give  any  farther  detail  of  what  "is  contained  in  theje  invaluable  vo¬ lumes  ;  the  reader  may  obferve  in  the  courfe  of  this  work  of  what  great  ufe  they have  been  to  me  in  a  particular  way  ;  and  they  would  be  the  fame,  or  more  in  pro¬ portion,  to  any  hiftorian  that  fall  hereafter  attempt  a  general  account  of  the  whole dioccfe.  They  have  faved  me  an  infinite  deal  of  trouble ;  and  indeed  what  my  profeftion would  not  have  allowed  me  time  for  fuch  an  avocation  Jrom  it,  nor  my  inclination 1  flrong PREFACE. firong  as  it  is,  to  theje  kinds  ofjtudiis,  have  fuffered  me  to  apply  myfelf  to  Juch  a  la¬ borious  performance.  My  book  therefore,  in  church  matters,  is  only  a  key  or  index  to Jhme  part  of  Mr.  Torres  collections-,  as  his  are  to  the  records  themfelv'es ;  for  1 have  quoted  his  manufcript,  and  not  his  authorities  in  the  greatefl  part  of  what  / extracted  from  him.  1  own  I  had  a  great  inclination  to  have  compleated  his  ca¬ talogues  of  reClors,  vicars,  &c.  which  I  have  made  ufe  of,  and  brought  them  down to  the  prefent  incumbents ;  but,  upon  enquiry,  I  found  it  impracticable.  The  later1 archiepifcopal  regijlers  are  not  yet  given  into  the  office-,  and  where  they  are,  they are  far  out  of  my  reach.  1  rnuji  farther  inform  the  publick,  that  thefe  manufcript volumes  of  Mr.  Torre’r,  relating  to  church  hijiory.  arc  not  kept  in  the  publick  libra¬ ry  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter;  but,  fub  iigillo,  in  the  regifter’s  office.  For  this  rea- fon  I  efteem  it  a  much  greater  favour,  which  the  prefent  dean  granted  me,  in  ha¬ ving  the  volume  I  wanted  to  my  own  houfe-,  and  to  keep  it  my  own  time,  until  I  had drawn  out  and  tranfiribed,  at  my  leifure,  what  I  thought  proper  for  my  purpofe. A  favour,  1  fay,  Jo  extraordinary,  that  I  can  do  no  lefs  than  make  him  this  pub¬ lick  acknowledgment  of  it. Nor  was  Mr.  T  orre'f  flu  dies  and  application  inti  rely  applied  to  church  hijiory  ■ he  was  befides  an  excellent  majlcr  of  Heraldry  and  Genealogy.  In  both  which  he Junes  to  fome  purpofe  in  five  manufcript  volumes,  in  folio,  which  are  now  in  the poJJeJJioti  of  his  fon  Nicholas  Torre  o/'Snydall,  near  Pontefradl,  ejquire.  The  title  to thefe  books  is  this,  Englifh  Nobility  and  Gentry,  or  fupplemental  colledtions  to  fir IVilliam  Di/gdale’s  baronage ;  carrying  on  the  genealogical  defeents  and  hiftorical remarks  of  f  amilies  therein  contained.  By  James  Torre. In  this  great  work  the  author  has  tranjiribed  all  Dugdale’r  baronage  throughout ; corrected  it  in  many  places,  added  many  hifiorical  remarks,  and  enriched  it  with the  genealogies  of  many  families  of  lejfer  note,  and  efpecially  of  the  northern  gentry. The  whole  illufirated  with  the  coats  armorial  and  different  quarterings  of  the  J'e- veral  families  prettily  tricked  out  with  his  pen-,  to  all' which  is  added  a  copious  In¬ dex.  It  is  great  pity,  fince  the  world  is  expeCUng  a  new  edition  of  the  Baronage, that  this  manufcript  is  not  printed  and  publijhcd  injlead  of  it.  It  would  Jlamp  a very  great  additional  value  on  fir  William  Dugdale’j  performance  -,  would  eternize both  the  names  of  Dugdale  and  T orre,  and  be  a  very  great  honour  to  this  country. There  are  befides  in  his  fon  s  ctiJJody,  and  in  that  of  the  dean  and  chapter,  feve- ral  fmaller  manufcript  volumes  of  collections  from  which  he  extracted  his  lama- works.  In  thefe  the  prodigious  application  of  the  author  is  demonftrated ;  who  hard¬ ly  ever  let  a  fcarce  printed  book  pafs  his  hands  without  tranferibing  all  or  mojl  of it.  Such  a  clofe  and  confiant  attention  to  this  kind  of  work  made  me  fuppofe,  becauje Mr.  Torre  died  at  a  middle  age,  that  it  had  hurt  his  confutation.  But,  upon  en¬ quiry,  I  am  informed,  that  it  did  not  feem  in  the  leaf  to  impair  his  health-,  and on  the  contrary,  that  he  was  always  a  hearty  robufi  man,  and  died  of  a  fever. Great  part  of  this  information  I  have  had  from  my  honeft  friend  and  old  acquain¬ tance  Nicholas  Torre,  efq-,  the  author  s  only  fan  and  fuccejffi'r-,  from  fome  memoirs  of the  family  drawn  up  by  his  father.  He  had  married  two  wives ;  by  the  latter  of ■which,  Anna,  the  daughter  of  Nicholas  Lifter  of  Rigton  com.  Ebor.  gent,  he  had this  fon  Nicholas,  and  one  daughter.  He  purchafed  the  efiate  of  Snydall,  anno 1699  ;  and  died  there  July  3  i.  the  fame  year ,  and  was  buried  in  his  parifh  church of  Normanton.  Over  whom,  in  order  to  conclude,  my  account  of  this  eminent  bene¬ factor  to  my  work,  is  the  following  epitaph. Hie  fitus  eft  Jacobus  Torre  de  Snida/l Generofus. Qui  prifea  fide,  antiquis  moribus,  vetufta Scientia  ornatus, De  ecclefia  dc  republic.,  o.ptime  meruit. Res  ab  ultimo  antiquitatis  aevo  repetitas Scrutatus  eft, Tenebrifque  fituque  obfitas  in  lucem  pro'ferens Aeternum  fui nominis  exegit  monumentum. Diem  obiit  pridie  calendas  Augufias Anno  poft  falutem  datam  1699, Aetatis  fuae  49. Beatus  fibi,  defideratus  omnibus Some '  -  4?-'  >  •-  , PREFACE. Sir  William  Some  matters  relating  to  the  hijlory  of  the  church  of  York,  were  publiftoed,  as ucDALi.  t]3ere  declared,  from  fir  William  Dugdale’j  papers,  at  the  end  of  his  hijlory  of  St. Pauli;  anno  1716,  folio.  Bijhop  Nicholfon  had feen  the  manufcript  before  it  was printed ,  and  Jays  of  it  that  there  is  no  liich  appearance  of  records  as  the  reader may  expedt  to  find  in  it.  What  this  prelate  has  ajferted  is  literally  true ,  for  I could  find  very  little  of  any  thing  to  my  purpofe  in  the  whole  performance. Mr. Samuel  But ,  on  the  contrary ,  what  has  ferved greatly  to  enrich  the  ecclefajlical part  of this  work  are  the  collections  of  Mr.  Samuel  Gale.  'That  gentleman  had  once  a  de¬ fy71  °f  publifhing  fomething  on  this  JubjeCt  himfelf -,  and  from  his  father's  papers , the  worthy  dean  0/'  York  of  that  name ,  and  his  own  indujlry  he  had  made  a  confi¬ de  r  able  progrefs  in  it.  Being  called  from  an  attention  on  thefe  matters  to  a  pub- lick  employ ,  bis  defign ,  of  courfe ,  dropped  with  it.  By  which  means  the  world  is frujl rated  from  feeing  a  more  noble  performance  than  1  am  able  to  give.  Upon my  application  to  this  gentleman  for  feme  intelligence  he  very  readily  put  all  his  pa¬ pers  into  my  hands ;  told  me  that  he  could  not  now  think  of  publifhing  them  him- Jclf and  wif  oed  they  might  be  of  any  ufe  or  fervice  to  my  intended  performance. What  ufe  they  have  been  to  me  the  reader  may  find  in  the  courfe  of  the  church  ac¬ count  ;  where ,  efpecially  in  the  Appendix,  are  many  things  printed  from  thefe  pa¬ pers ,  and  fome ,  I  thinks  of  great  value. Mr.HoPKiN-  I  have  now  run  through  a  lift  of  my  predeceffors ,  and  particular  benefactors, in  the  literal  way ,  to  this  work.  Except ,  I  inform  the  reader ,  that  the  law-part  of it  relating ,  chiefly ,  to  the  fever  al  courts  of  this  city ,  their  cuftoms ,  by-laws ,  &c.  was taken  from  a  copy  of  part  of  Mr.  Hopkinfonh  collections ;  who  was  clerk  of  the peace  to  the  Weft-riding  of  this  county,  about  the  year  1670.  This  gentleman  was a  very  induftrious  Jearcher  into  antiquities ;  and  left  behind  him  fever  al  volumes  of collections ,  in  manufcript ,  relating  to  the  affairs  of  this  county,  in Jeveral  branches. Some  of  thefe  manujcripts  I  believe,  are  embez-led-,  but  what  are  remaining  of  them are  now  in  a  fair  way  of  prefervation  ;  being  lately  given  to  the  library  of  that eminent  phyfician,  and  very  worthy  gentleman ,  Dr.  Richardfon  c/'North-Byerley  in this  county. Dr.  N.  I.  Before  I  difmij's  this  head,  I  muft  alfo  take  notice ,  left  the  reader  fhould  think me  quite  ignorant  of  the  matter,  that  I  have  heard  much  of  Jeveral  voluminous trails  relating  to  the  county  and  city  of  York ;  but  never  could  get  an  opportuni¬ ty  to  inJpeCt  them.  I  was  lefts  anxious  about  this,  when  I  read  bijhop  Nicholfon  i fmart  reflection  *  on  this  collector's  monftrous  perforjnance  ;  and  was,  alfo ,  informed by  eye-witnejfes,  that  the  manufcripts  are  wrote  in  J'uch  an  awkward  Arabick  J'crall as  to  be  J'carce  legible.  Some  Jew  years ftnce  apropofal  was  made,  on  a  fufftcient  fub- fcription,  to  have  thefe  volumes,  amounting,  in  folio,  to  above  forty  in  number,  placed in  the  library  belonging  to  the  cathedral  of  York.  They  might  then,  pofjibly,  have  been of  fome  ufe  to  me,  or  any  future  hiftorian.  As  they  are,  they  are  of'  no  ufe  at  all ; nor,  in  all  probability,  ever  will  be ;  it  being  as  equally  impoftible  as  impractica¬ ble  to  pajs  J'uch  a  heap  of  matter  through  the  prejs  without  much  Jifting  and cleanfmg  of  it. Mr.  t.  g.  The  laft  thing  which  I  Jhall  mention  is  to  inform  the  publick,  that  I  have  feen and  read  a  ftmall  oCtavo  printed  traCl,  the  title  page  of  which  bears  this  infer ipt ion. The  antient  and  modern  hiftory  of  the  famous  city  of  York  ;  and  in  a  particular manner  of  its  magnificent  cathedral,  commonly  called  York-Minster,  &c.  The whole  diligently  colledted  by  T.  G.  York,  printed  at  the  printing-office  in  Coffee- yard,  M.DCC.XXX.  J  have  nothing  to  fay  to  this  work ,  but  to  a  Jure  my cotemporary  hiftorian,  that  I  have  ftoln  little  or  nothing  from  his  laborious  per¬ formance  ;  wherein  Mr.  T .  G.  as  author,  printer,  and  publiftjer  of  the  work himfelf  endeavouring  to  get  a  livelihood  for  his  family,  deferves  commendation  for his  indujlry. What  of  courfe  occurs  to  me  next,  is  to  give  thanks  to  thoje  gentlemen  who  have lent  me  manujcripts,  peruj'ed,  corrected,  or  any  ways  added  to  any  part  of  this work.  Which,  with  thoje  I  have  already  mentioned,  are  the  reverend  Mr.  Bar¬ nard,  mafter  of  the free-J'chool  at  Leeds  ;  Roger  Gale,  efq-,  Bryan  Fairfax,  ejq-,  the reverend  Dr.  Langwith ;  John  Anftis,  Jen.  ejq-,  Brown  Willis,  efq-,  and  the  reve- *  Nlcholforis  Englifh  h'ft.  library  p.  27. rend PREFACE. rend  Mr.  Creyk.  To  the  firjl  of  thefe  gentlemen  the  whole  performance  is,  in  fotne me  afire,  owing.  He  it  was  that  principally  encouraged  me  to  undertake  it ;  lent  me fcveral  very  J'carce  hiforians  out  of  his  own  collection  ;  and,  upon  peruftng  feme  part of  the  manufeript,  gave  it  as  his  judgment,  that  I  needed  not  defpair  of  fuccef. Whether  he  was  right  or  no,  the  world  mufi  now  judge-,  but  it  was  no  /mail  en¬ couragement  to  me  to  proceed,  when  1  had  the  approbation  of  a  perfon  whofe  great learning  and  parts  are  very  well  known  in  our  neighbourhood.  Confcioufnef  of  in¬ ability  in  an  author  is  a  necejfary  ingredient  to  cool  and  temper  a  too  forward  pre- fumption,  and  I  had  enough  of  it.  I  had  no  other  living  guide  to  help  or  conduSl me  through  the  various  Jcenes  and  mazes  which  I  mufi  necejfarily  tread  till  I  came to  London,  And,  there,  indeed,  whatever  was  the  occafion  of  the  journey ,  or  how - feever  the  author  might  fuffer  by  the  accident,  the  book  loft  nothing ;  but,  on  the contrary ,  was  confederacy  enriched,  corrected  and  amended  by  it.  The  reft  1  have been  obliged  to  in  feme  or  all  of  the  fever al  ways  that  I  have  mentioned-,  and,  efpc- cially  to  Dr.  Langwith  and  Mr.  Anftis,  as  the  reader  may  find  fujjicient  proof  of in  the  Appendix.  I  think  it,  alfe,  proper  here  to  mention  Mr.  George  Reynoldi'on, an  honefe  and  induftrious  citizen  of  York.  From  whofe  collections  and  objervations I  had  many  ufeful  hints  given  me,  relating  to  the  decayed  trade  and  navigation  of the  city  ;  and  the  probable  means  to  revive  both.  Nor  muft  I  forget  the  gentlemen keepers  of  the  fever  al  offices  of  records  which  I  have  had  occafion  to  confult  both  in London  and  York.  Among  ft  the  former,  my  very  ingenious  friend  and  brother  anti¬ quary,  George  Holms,  ejq,  deputy-keeper  of  the  records  in  the  Tower  of  London, I  have  been  moft  particularly  obliged  to. - From  all  thefe  authors,  gentle¬ men,  and  offices,  I  have  collefted  many  materials  for  this  work ;  the  difficulty,  on¬ ly,  lay  in  judging  what  to  chufe  and  what  to  reject.  By  which  means  the  fubjebl grew  upon  me  to  a  monfirous  bulk  ;  J'o  that  what  I  imagined  at  firjl  would  turn  out into  a  folio  of  a  moderate  fize,  is  now fuelled  into  two.  And  Jhould  I  fill  go  on  to colledt,  more  matter  would  fill  occur-,  for  I  can,  well ,  fay  with  the  poet, - multum  coeli  poft  terga  relidtum  eft  ; Ante  oculos  plus  eft - — Next ,  I  return  thanks  to  my  fubferibersin  general-,  but  efpecially  to  thofe  who  chiefly promoted  the  fubfeription amongfl  whom,  I  mufi  beg  leave  to  mention  John  Hylton of  Hylton-caftle,  m  the  county  ^/'Northumberland,  efquire.  Who,  though  a  ft  ranger, in  feme  meafure,  to  York,  yet,  in  regard  to  the  performance,  refpeSt  to  the  author, or  his  known  humanity  to  all  mankind ,  took  great  pains  to  fellicite  the  fubfeription, and  bear  of  that  dead  weight  from  my  own  Jhoulders.  I  am  the  more  obliged  to this  gentleman  and  fever  al  others,  in  that ,  I  here  declare,  I  never  did,  or  could  aft one  fubfeription  for  the  book  myfefi  I  know  this  may  be  called  pride  in  me  as  well as  modefty.  But,  whatever  it  was,  it  refrained  me  from  ftanding  the  fhock  of a  refufal.  For  an  author  offering  his  own  propofols  to  any  gentleman,  does  no  lefs than  offer  himfelf  to  his  judgment,  whether  he  be  equal  to  the  performance  or  not ; and  I  own  I  never  could  bring  myjeff  to  fland  in  fuch  an  uneafy  po/lure  before any  ft  ranger-,  or,  J'carce,  before  a  friend.  Lafly,  as  in  duty  bound,  1  return  my moft  hearty  thanks  to  thofe  of  the  nobility  and  gentry ,  of  both  /exes,  as  well  as  to  the clergy,  who  have  honoured  ms  with  their  names ,  as  contributors  to  the  feveral plates which  adorn  this  book.  Amongfl  whom,  alfe,  I  cannot  avoid  mentioning ,  in  a  par¬ ticular  manner,  the  right  honourable  the  lord  Petrc  ;  to  whofe  generofity,  and  pro¬ moting  the  fubfeription  to  the  utmoft  of  his  power,  the  author  of  this  work  owes  the higheft  obligation. What  remains  is  now  to  give  feme  further  account  of  the  work  and  the  purport of  it ;  which  will  conclude  all  I  have  to  fay  on  the  matter. In  this,  I  fall  not,  with  a  late  extraordinary  hiftorian,  make  a  felemn  affeve- ration ,  that  there  are  neither  lyes  nor  miftakes  in  my  book.  For  the  former ,  I  be¬ lieve  I  canfafely  affert,  that  there  are  fewer  in  it  than  in  that  admirable  chroni- cler  of  his  own  limes.  But,  as  to  miftakes,  I  freely  admit  there  may  be  a  thou- Jand  in  the  work  ;  though  I  have  taken  all  imaginable  pains  to  avoid  them ;  having copyed,  or  wrote,  almoft  every  individual  thing  in  the  whole  book,  even  to  the  In¬ dex,  with  my  own  hand.  Notwithflanding  this  care ,  many,  grofs,  errors  of  the pen  or  prefs  may  have  happened  -,  and,  which,  in  a  work  of  this  nature,  it  is d  impof- PREFACE. impojjible  to  pun.  There  are  millions  of  mijlakes  made  in  the  fo  much  juftly  celebrated Monafticon  Anglicanum  ;  feme  few  inftances  of  which  I  have  given  in  the  Appen¬ dix  *.  Nor  is  the  famous  tranfation  of  the  Britannia  without  feme  errors ;  and thofe  not  inconfderable ;  which  are  crept  even  into  the  laji  edition  of  that  mod  noble and  mojl  extraordinary  performance.  All  which  have  happened,  not  from  any  want of  care  in  the  compilers,  but  from  trifling  to  tranferibers ;  who,  either  through  ig¬ norance  or  negligence ,  mijlook  the  originals  they  copied  from. As  I  allow  of  many  mijlakes  in  thoj'e  matters,  Jo  I,  a/J'o,  pall  not  take  upon  me to  defend  the fyle,  or  manner  of  expref ion,  throughout  this  whole  performance.  I will  not  Jay  that  many  fentences  may  not  be  picked  out  of  it,  and  proved  to  my  face to  be  neither  Englifh  norfenfe.  To  judge  rightly  of  fitch  a  work  as  this,  is  not  to take  a  particular  chapter,  page,  J'cntence  or  word,  and  criticife  with  / (verity  upon that  which  I Jhall  never  defend ;  no  more  than  I  will  a  mifeake  of  a  figure,  or  a mijhomer,  in  the  Index.  But,  let  the  reader  confider  the  weight  and  bulk  of  the whole  work ;  and  the  long  feries  of  time  and  things  through  which  I  have  been  obli¬ ged  to  carry  it and  then  he  will  not  wonder  at  my  making  feme  flips  by  the  way. Neverthelcfi,  I  muft  caution  the  reader  not  to  judge  too  haflily  ■,  but,  when  he  meets with  a  m  flake  or  a  blunder  in  the  book,  to  turn  to  the  Appendix ;  and  there  J'ee  if it  does  not  ft  and  corrected,  either  by  my  learned  annotators  or  my  Jefl If  I  have,  aflo,  by  fame  lightneffes,  here  and  there  interfperfed,  deviated  from the  frill  gravity  of  an  hijloriau,  1  afi  pardon  of  my  cenfurcrs  Jor  it.  My  intimates all  know  that  Mercury  was  a  more  predominant  planet  at  my  birth  than  Saturn. And,  I  confej's  I  never  thought  an  hiftorian  ought  to  be  dull  becaufl  his  fubjell  was fo.  Many  a  dull  ftory  has  been  Jet  in  an  agreeable  light,  in  common  cenverfation, by  the  manner,  only,  of  telling  it-,  as,  on  the  contrary,  many  a  good  one  has  been polled.  And,  it  would  be  very  ill  natured  in  the  graveft  Cynick  to  quarrel  with  a companion,  in  a  long  tirefome  journey,  for  his  being,  now  and  then,  a  little  too  ludi¬ crous  or  merry  in  the  way.  I  pretend  to  be  neither  a  Livy  nor  a  Tacitus  in  reciting (late  affairs-,  nor  an  Ufher  or  a  Stillingfleet  in  church  matters.  What  1  knew  I have  put  down  in,  what  I  think,  a  proper  manner ;  and  if  1  have  larded  fame  lean paffages,  I  hope  they  will  not  relijh  the  worfe  for  it,  with  a  courteous  reader. There  may  be,  alj'o,  feme  particular  families,  who  may  fancy  themfehes  ftruck at,  in  the  account  1  have  given  oj  their  anceflors ;  whether  prelates  or  otherwife.  To thefe  I  declare  that  I  have  no  fuch  intention ;  but  I  cannot  make  a  bifhap  of  a  better family,  put  better  blood  in  his  veins,  or  aferibe  better  aflions  to  his  life,  than  hiflo- ry  or  records  will  allow  him.  An  hiftorian,  or  biographer,  that  dares  not  Jpeak truth,  or,  cringingly  Jculks  behind  it,  is  not  worthy  of  the  name.  So  that  what  I have  J'aid,  any  where ,  on  this  head  I  hope  will  not  be  imputed  to  any  fatyrical  jlrokes on  the  living  -,  or  any ,  purpoj'ely,  falfe  reprefentations  of  the  dead. But,  after  all,  what  I  am  the  moft  diffident  in,  and  think  my  Jeff  the  leaf  capa¬ ble  of  writing,  is  the  church  hiftory  of  this  J'ee.  It  may  be  urged  againfl  me  as  a piece  of  boldnejs  and  audacity,  that  I,  a  layman,  with  only  a  moderate  Jhare  of Ichool  learning,  Jhould  enter  upon  fuch  fubjeCls  as  the  deepeft  divines,  and  able/l J'cholars,  have  been  puzzled  with.  It  is  for  this  reafon,  no  doubt,  and  a  mean  opi¬ nion  of  what  any  layman  can  produce  on  this  fubjell,  that  1  have  found  fo  little  en¬ couragement  from  the  body  of  the  clergy  in  general ;  and  from  thoj'e  'of  our  own church  in  particular.  And ,  it  was  a  Jenftble  concern  and  djcouragement  to  me,  when our  prefent  mojl  reverend  and  moft  worthy  Metropolitan,  not  only  refufed,  upon  my repeated  application  to  him,  to  accept  of  the  dedication  of  the  church  account,  but even  to  fubjcribe  to  the  book.  I  Jay,  it  muft  proceed  from  a  contempt  of  any  lay¬ man's  productions  on  this  head.  Elfe,  without  doubt,  every  prelate  would  be  glad to  encourage  an  hiftorian  who  is  about  to  pitblijh  a  large  account  of  his  church  and predecejjbrs.  EJpecia/ly,  when  it  is  natural  to  fuppoj'e  that  they  earneftly  dt-jire  to Jean  over  their  predeceffor’ s  aSlions ;  with  a  view ,  worthy  of  the  Jacrcd  fun¬ ction,  of  imitating  the  beft ;  and  avoiding  the  rocks  and  precipices,  'there  dejeri- bed,  on  which  Jome  of  them  have,  unhappily,  J'plit ;  or,  dangeroufty,  hurt  their J'acred  characters.  On  the fame  footing  I  muft  put  the  ill  J'uccefs  1  'have  had  with *  Six  p.  Ixxxii.  and  Ixxxiii the 5 PREFACE. the  prefent  reverend  Deah  and  Chapter  of  York;  except  in  the  great  favour  which I  have  already  acknowledged,  and  feme  few  J'ubfcriptions  from  them.  It  feetns as  if  moft  of  this  body,  afe,  defpijcd  a  layman’s  attempt  on  a  fubjefl,  'which, I  own,  'indeed,  is  more  in  their  way,  more  fuitable  to  their  dignities  in  the church,  and  more  adapted  to  the  manner  of  their  education  and  feudies.  For I  will  not  J'uppofe  that  party-prejudice  can  any  ways  affeSl  men  of  their  fan - ttity  and  morals.  Tet,  let  thefe  confider ,  that  all  the  bijiorians  I  have  hi¬ therto  had  occafion  to  mention  in  this  preface,  -were  laymen  ;  excepting  Ufher  and Stillingfleet.  And,  fence  the  praSlice  of  old,  of  regifering,  along  with  the  affairs of  their  church  or  monaftery,  the  more  publick  tranfenSiions  of  this  kingdom,  has  been long  fence  difufed  and  out  of  praSlice ;  they  muft  be  beholden  to  feme  layman,  who  will take  the  trouble  off  their  hands,  and  do  this  neceffary  piece  of  drudgery  for  them. It  is  for  want  of  proper  encouragement,  I fay,  that  the  outfede  views  of  our  mojl  no¬ ble  cathedral  are  contrasted  into  the  compafs  I  have  caujed  them  to  be  engraven  in. I  confidercd,  in  order  to  fave  feme  part  of  the  great  expence,  that  the  external  part of  the  fabrick ,  had  been  frequently  exhibited,  at  large,  by  feveral  bands.  And, to  do  jufticc  to  the  internal  views,  which  were  never  before  taken,  tbofe  of  the outfede  which  I  have  given,  1  imagined  fujfecient  for  my  purpofe.  -  hfhist  much  I think  proper  to  declare,  finee  my  jubJSribers  ought  to  be  made  acquainted  with  the true  reafon  why  any  thing  bears  a  mean  aJpeSi  in  this  performance.  _  And,  when  they confider  how  Jew  of  the  reverend  body  have  graced  the  plates  of  the  infide  views  of  the church,  with  their  names  and  titles,  they  will  not  be  feurprifed  when  they  come  to  look 'without. And  now ,  to  make  an  end  of  this  tedious  difeourfe ,  which ,  like  the  book  itfelfi  has fpun  out  to  a  greater'  length  than  I,  principally  ,  defgned  it ;  I  fall  only  Jay,  that I  neither  define  nor  expeff  to  have  another  edition  of  it  paj's  my  hands.  I  am  too conjcious  of  this  performance  %  and  all  I  can  hope  for ,  is,  that  it  may ,  in  futuro, be  fought  after,  enquired  into ,  and  made  ufe  of  as  a  plan,  or  groundwork,  on  which J'ome  abler  hand  may  build  a ftronger  and  a  more  noble  flrnfture.  As  finch,  I  pre- jent  it  to  the  prefent  age,  and  leave  it  to  pojlerity. London,  Aug.  i, *736- A  LIST A L  I  S  T o  F  T  H  E S  U  BSCRIBERS. N  B.  The  author  propofed  to  the  fubfcriben  to  feud  in  -with  their  names  their irms^ZlLTd  fZStt°de-  VeT  aS  he  then  imaS™d,  to  have  all  their arms  engraved.  But  not  one  m  fifty  having  taken  any  notice  of  this  he This  mark  *  Jlands  for  the  royal  paper. A. THE  right  honourable  the  earl  of  An- glefey. *  The  right  honourable  the  earl  of  Aylesford. *  The  honourable  Bertram  Aihburnham,  efq-. The  honourable  Richard  Arundel,  efq-,  purvey¬ or  of  his  majejlfs  works. *  The  honourable' John  Aiflabie,  efq-. Sir  Robert  Abdy,  bart. Sir  Jofeph  Ayloffe,  hart. John  Anftis,  efq-,  garter  principal  king  at arms. John  Audley,  LL.  D.  chancellor  of  the  dio- cefe  of  York. George  Aldridge,  M.  D. Robert  Andrews,  efq-, Henry  Atkinfon,  efq-, Jofeph  Athrop,  efq-, Thomas  Archer,  efq-, William  Aiflabie,  efq-, William  Archer,  efq-. The  reverend  Mr.  Andrews,  fellow  of  Mag¬ dalen  college,  Oxon. The  reverend  Mr.  Aiflabie,  reSlor  of  Birkin. The  reverend  Mr.  Allot  vicar  of  South- Kirkby. Adam  Afkew,  AT.  B.  of  Newcaflle. Mr.  Alhenden  furgeon  in  Durham. Mr.  Afcough  of  York. Mr.  Tho.  Agar  in  York. Mr.  George  Atkinfon  York. *  The  Antiquarian  Society,  London. The  Antiquarian  Society  at  Peterborough  ' The  Antiquarian  Society  at  Spalding  in  Lin- colnlhire. The  Office  of  Arms  in  London. B. *  The  right  honourable  the  earl  of  Burlington. two  copies. *  The  right  honourable  the  countefs  of  Burling- *  The  right  honourable  the  countefs  dowager  of Burlington.  J *  Tloe  right  honourable  the  lord  Bruce. The  right  honourable  the  lady  Bingley. The  right  honourable  the  lady  Jane  Boyle. The  honourable  John  Berkeley,  efq-. Sir  George  Beaumont,  bart. Sir  John  Bland,  bart. Hugh  Bethel,  efq-, *  Charles  Bathurft,  efq -, Philip  Byerley,  efq ; *  George  Bowes,  efq , Robert  Buck,  efq-, William  Burton,  efq-. Dr.  Burton  of  Wakefield. John  Bouchererr,  efq ; Thomas A  List  of  the  Subscribers. Thomas  Bramfton,  efq •, Thomas  Sclater  Bacon,  efq-, *  Walter  Calverley  Blacket,  efq-, Lewis  Barlow,  efq -, Richard  Backwell,  efq-, *  John  Bright,  efq -, Thomas  Bright,  efq-, *  Mrs.  Anne  Bright. John  Bufland,  efq-, Thomas  Booth,  efq-, Henry  Bradfhaw,  efq-, William  Brigham,  efq-, Richard  Bagihaw,  efq -, Richard  Braithwait,  efq -, Mark  Braithwait,  LL.  D. ' The  reverend  Mr.  Benfon,  M.  A.  vicar  of Ledfham. The  reverend  Mr.  Barnard ,  mafer  of  the free-fchool  at  Leeds. ‘The  reverend  Mr.  Buck,  rettor  of  Marfton. The  reverend  Mr.  Bradley,  canon  refidentia- ry  of  the  cathedral  church  of  York. The  reverend  Mr.  H.  Breary,  rettor  of  Box- worth,  com.  Cant. The  reverend  Mr.  Bradley,  vicar  of  Warthill. The  reverend  Mr.  Blake,  rettor  of  Goldlbo- rough. The  reverend  Mr.  Bourn,  vicar  of  St.  Mary’j, Caftlegate,  York. Mrs.  Elizabeth  Bateman. *  Mr.  Samuel  Booth,  fleward  to  the  duke  of Montague. Mr.  John  Bofvile,  Cheapfide,  London. Mr.  Bolton,  merchant  in  Newcaftle. Mr.  Beckwith  of  York. Mr.  Stephen  Beverley  of  York. Mr.  Roger  Bridgewater  of  York. Mr.  Birbeck,  jun.  of  York. Mr.  Bowyer,  ■printer  in  White- fryars,  Lon¬ don. C. His  grace  the  lord  archhi/hop  of  Canter¬ bury. The  right  honourable  the  earl  of  Carlifle. *  The  right  honourable  the  earl  of  Cholmonde- ley. The  right  honourable  the  earl  of  Carnwath. *  The  right  honourable  the  lord  Craven. The  right  honourable  the  lord  Colerain. *  The  right  honourable  the  lady  baronefs  Clif¬ ford. The  right  honourable  Samuel  Clarke,  lord- mayor  of  York. *  The  honourable  Edward  Coke,  efq-. The  honourable  George  Compton,  efq -, Sir  William  Carew,  bart. Sir  John  Hind  Cotton,  bart. Sir  Walter  Calverley,  bart. Sir  Francis  Clavering,  bart. Sir  Nathanael  Curzon,  bart. Mr.  Juftice  Comm  ins,  one  of  the  judges  of the  common  pleas. *  William  Conolly,  efq-, Leonard  Childers,  efq-, William  Cowper,  efq-, Hugh  Cholmley,  ejq-, Robert  Chapell,  efq -, William  Cradock,  efq-, Edward  Clerke,  efq-, Edward  Collingwood,  efq , John  Cook,  ejq -, Samuel  Chetham,  efq-, James  Chetham,  efq-, Thomas  Cartwright,  efq-, William  Craven,  efq , George  Chafin,  efq , Langford  Collin,  efq-, *  Edward  Chaloner,  efq-, Richard  Crowle,  efq-, Haworth  Currer,  efq-, William  Chefelden,  efq-,  ferjeant  furgeon  to  the queen. The  reverend  Richard  Cayley,  B.  D.  fellow  of St.  John’j  college,  Cambridge. The  reverend  Dr.  Crofs,  mafer  of  Catherine hall,  and  prebendary  of  York. *  The  reverend  Mr.  Creyk.  Two  copies. The  reverend  Mr.  Carte. The  reverend  Mr.  Cook,  rettor  of  Stoxley  and prebendary  of  York. Dr.  Cook  of  Ripon. William  Clinch  of  York,  M.  D. Captain  Cockayne. Mrs.  Cuttler  of  Hayton. Mr.  William  Cookfon,  alderman  of  Leeds. *  Mr.  John  Chaloner  of  Gifbrough. Mr.  Charles  Cotton,  merchant  in  London.  , Mr.  John  Chippendale  of  York. Mr.  Thomas  Carr  of  York. Mr.  James  Cook,  jun.  of  Yarum. Mr.  Croxton  of  Manchefter. Mr.  John  Cole  of  Bafipghall-ftreet ,  Lon¬ don. Mr.  James  Carpenter  of  York. D. *  The  right  honourable  the  earl  of  Derby. *  The  right  honourable  the  earl  of  Donnegal. The  right  honourable  the  earl  of  Delor- rain. The  right  honourable  the  lord  vifeount  Downe. The  honourable  John  Dawney,  efq , The  honourable  Chriftopher  Dawney,  efq-. Sir  Edward  Defbouverie,  bart. *  Sir  Francis  Henry  Drake,  bart. *  The  reverend  fir  John  Dolben,  bart. Sir  Charles  Dalton,  knt.  gentleman  ufher  of the  black-rod. *  Thomas  Duncombe,  efq-, *  William  Drake,  efq-,  of  Shardelois,  com , Bucks. ^William  Drake,  efq-,  ^Barnoldfwickcotes, com.  Ebor. Daniel  Draper,  efq-, John  Difney,  efq-, Ely  Dyfon,  efq-, *  Peter  Del  me,  efq , *  John  Delme,  efq-, William  Dobfon,  efq ;  alderman  of  York. The  reverend  Dr.  Deering,  dean  of  Ripon, prebendary  of  York,  and  archdeacon  of  the Ealt-riding. The f A  List  of The  reverend  Mr.  Dunn ,  prebendary  of York. The  reverend  Mr.  Ramfden  Dodfworth,  chap¬ lain  to  his  grace  the  duke  of  Somerfet,  and fellow  of  Jefus  College,  Cambridge. *  The  reverend  John  Drake,  B.  D.  reftor of  Smeeton,  vicar  of  Pontefradt,  and  pre¬ bendary  of  York. *  The  reverend  Samuel  Drake  ,  S.  T.  P. reftor  of  Treeton,  and  of  Holm  Spalding- moor. The  reverend  Mr.  Thomas  Drake,  re  ft  or  of Norham  in  Northumberland. The  reverend  Mr.  Nathan  Drake,  minor  canon of  the  cathedral  church  of  Lincoln. The  reverend  Mr.  Samuel  Drake,  minor  canon of  the  fame. The  reverend  Mr.  Jofeph  Drake,  reftor  of Burleigh. The  reverend  Mr.  Francis  Drake  of  Eaft-Hard- wick. The  reverend  Mr.  William  Drake  of  Hat¬ field. Captain  William  Drake. Mrs.  Dubois. Mr.  Thomas  Drake  of  Halyfax. Mr.  Jeremy  Drake  of  Halyfax. Mr.  Thomas  Dawl'on  of  York. Mr.  John  Dawfon  of  York. Mr.  Bryan  Dawfon  of  York. Mr.  Humphrey  Duncalf,  merchant  in  Lon¬ don. *  Mr.  Dawes,  furgeon  in  York. Mr.  Jerome  Denton  of  the  pipe-office,  GrayV inn. Mr.  Richard  Dicken  o/York-ftreet,  Covent- garden. E. Sir  John  Evelyn,  hart. Thomas  Empfon,  tfp, Anthony  Eyres,  efq-. Dr.  Eyres  of  Doncafter. George  Efcrick,  efq-,  alderman  of  York. *  The  reverend  Mr.  El  (ley,  prebendary  of York. The  reverend  Mr.  Elmfal,  reftor  of  Thorn¬ hill. The  reverend  Mr.  Emmerfon. *  Mrs.  Mary  Edwards. Mr.  George  Errington,  London. F. The  right  honourable  the  earl  of  Fitz  Walter. *  The  right  honourable  the  lord  vifcount  Fau- conberg. The  reverend  and  honourable  Edward  Finch, canon-refidentiary  of  York. The  honourable  Charles  Fairfax  of  Gilling, The  honourable  Mrs.  Finch. *  Sir  William  Foulis,  hart. *  George  Fox,  efq-. The  honourable  Mrs.  Fox. Thomas  Fairfax  of  Newton,  efq-. the  Subscibers. *  Bryan  Fairfax,  efqy  one  cf  the  honourable commijf  oners  of  the  cujloms. Thomas  Fothergill,  efq-, Cuthbert  Fenwick,  efq-, Robert  Fenwick,  efq-, Bafil  Forcer,  efq-, Charles  Frederic,  eft, Francis  Fawkes,  fen.  efq\ Thomas  Fawkes,  efq-, Samuel  Fofter,  efq-, John  Fountain,  efq ; Thomas  Frewen,  efq -, The  reverend  Dr.  Felton,  reftor  of  Barwick in  Elmet. Antonio  Dominico  Ferrari,  LL.D. *  Mr.  Marmaduke  Fothergill  of  York. Mifs  Fothergill. Mr.  Freak,  furgeon  in  London. Mr.  Thomas  Fetherfton  of  York. Mr.  Frye,  painter  in  London. G. *  The  right  honourable  the  lord  Gower. The  right  honourable  the  lord  vifcount  Gal¬ way. The  honourable  William  Level'on  Gower, 4b *  The  honourable  Mrs.  Graham. Sir  Edward  Gafcoign,  bart. Sir  Robert  Grofvenor,  bart. Sir  Reginald  Graham,  bart. *  Richard  Graham,  efq\ *  Roger  Gale,  efq-, Henry  Grey,  efq-, Edward  Gibbon,  efq-, John  Goodricke,  efq-, Thomas  Gyll,  efq-, Smithfon  Green,  efq-. The  reverend  Dr.  Goodwin,  reftor  of  Tanker - fley,  and  prebendary  of  York. The  reverend  Dr.  Gouge,  reftor  of  Gilling, and  prebendary  of  York. Dr.  Gaugy  of  Peterborough. Mr.  Samuel  Gale. Mr.  Roger  Gathome. Mr.  Henry  Grice  of  York. Mr.  John  Gill  of  York. Mr.  Gofling,  bookfeller  in  Fleet-ftreet. Mr.  Gyles,  bookfeller  in  Holbourn. Mr.  Darcy  Godard,  furgeon. Mr.  Richard  Gowland,  druggijl ,  London. Mr.  John  Gowland,  apothecary ,  London. H. *  The  right  honourable  the  earl  of  Hartford. The  honourable  George  Hamilton,  efq-. The  right  honourable  the  lady  Henrietta  Her¬ bert. *  The  right  honourable  the  lady  Elizabeth Haftings. The  right  honourable  the  lady  Mary  Haftings. Sir  William  Halford,  bart. Sir  Walter  Hawkfworth,  bart. *  Thomas  Hefketh,  efp. Sir  Rowland  Hill,  bart. *  John  Hylton,  efq -, John A  List  of John  Hutton,  efq-, Stephen  Holms,  efq-, *  Robert  Humpheys,  efq-, Alexander  Hales,  efq -, *  Richard  Honeywood,  efq-, George  Holms,  efq -,  deputy  keeper  of  the  re¬ cords  in  the  tower  of  London. Thomas  Hardcaftle  of  Gray’s-inn,  efq -, Mr.  John  Hilileigh  of  York. Mr.  Hall,  furgeon  in  Manchefter. Mr.  Hildyard,  bookfeller  in  York. Mr.  Jofeph  Harley  of  Stockton. Mr.  Hunter  of  Manchefter. Mr.  Haflegrave,  furgeon  in  York. Mr.  Holland,  painter  in  London. Mr.  John  Hodl'on,  cabinet-maker ,  London. I. The  right  honourable  the  lord  vifcount  Irwin. The  honourable  captain  Charles  Ingram. Sir  Juftinian  Ilham,  bart. Stephen  Theodore  Janflen,  efq -, Peter  Johnfon,  efq , *  James  Joye,  efq -, Lewis  Jones,  M.  D. The  reverend  Mr.  Jones. Mr.  Jubb,  deputy  regijler  to  the  archbijhop  of York. K. *  Sir  John  Lifter  Kaye,  bart.  reprefent alive in  parliament ,  and  alderman  of  the  city  of York. The  reverend  Richard  Kerlhaw,  D.  D.  reftar of  Ripley. The  revereyid  Mr.  Knight,  fuccentor  canon,  of the  church  of  York. Jafper  Kinfman,  efq -, William  Kent,  efq -,  architect,  mafter  carpen¬ ter  to  his  majejty. Mr.  Knowlton  of  Londelburgh. L. *  His  grace  the  duke  of  Leeds. *  The  right  honourable  the  earl  of  Litchfield. The  right  reverend  Edmund,  lord  bifhop  of London. The  right  honourable  the  lord  Langdale. *  The  right  honourable  the  lord  Lovel. The  honourable  Fitzroy  Henry  Lee,  efq-. The  honourable  Heneage  Legge,  efq-, *  Lady  Liddel. *  Thomas  Lifter,  efq -, Henry  Lambton,  efq -, William  Levinz,  jun.  efq -, John  Lambe,  efq -, Darcy  Lever,  efq-, *  Thomas  Lupton,  efq -, Smart  Lethuillier,  efq-, Richard  Langley,  efq-, Peter  Leigh,  jun.  efq-, *  Colonel  Lafcelles. *  The  reverend  Thomas  Lamplugh,  M.  A. canon-refidentiary  of  the  church  of  York. the  Subscribers. The  reverend  Henry  Laybourne,  M.  A.  reElor of  Coleorton  in  Leicefterlhire. The  reverend  Francis  Lafcelles,  A.  M.  of Pontefradt. The  reverend  Dr.  Langwith,  reElor  of  Pet- worth  in  Sufiex,  and  prebendary  of  Chi- .chefter. The  reverend  Dr.  Legh,  vicar  of  Halifax, and  prebendary  of  York. Signeur  Giacomo  Leoni,  ar  chile  El.  Two  books. Mr.  Richard  Lawfon,  merchant  in  York. Captain  Lamprere  of  the  Tower. Mr.  Thomas  Lafcelles  of  Univerfity  college, Oxon. Shepherd  Lynam,  efq-,  peruke-maker  in  Co¬ vent-garden. M. *  His  grace  the  duke  of  Marlborough. *  The  right  honourable  the  earl  0/ Mai  ton.  Six copies. The  right  honourable  the  earl  of  Mountrath. Sir  Ofwald  Mofley,  bart. *  Sir  William  Milner,  bart. Sir  Paul  Methuen,  knight  of  the  Bath. John  Myddelton,  efq-. Bacon  Morrit,  efq-, *  William  Metcalf,  efq-. The  reverend  Dr.  Mangey,  prebendary  of Durham. The  reverend  Mr.  Marfden,  archdeacon  of Nottingham. *  Dr.  Mead. Dr.  Middleton  Mafiey. *  Mr.  John  Marfden  of  York. Mr.  Richard  Marfti  of  York. Mr.  Roger  Metcalf,  furgeon  in  London. The  library  at  Manchefter  college. Mr.  Thomas  Micklethwaite ,  aldetman  of Leeds.  J Mr.  Thomas  Mafon  of  York. Mr.  Thomas  Matthews  of  York. Mr.  Macmoran,  merchant  in  London. Captain  Nicholas  Mafterfon  of  York. Captain  Macro  of  the  guards. Mr.  Thomas  Martin  of  Palfgrave  in  Suf¬ folk. Mr.  Samuel  Morris  of  Iron-monger’s-hall, London. Mifs  Morrice  of  York. Mr.  Mancklyn,  bookfeller  in  York. Mr.  Chriftopher  Mi  -.chell  of  York. Mr.  Maitland  authc  r  of  the  Antiquities  of  Lon¬ don. N. *  His  grace  the  duke  of  Norfolk. *  The  right  honourable  the  lord  North  and Guilford. The  right  honourable  the  countefs  dowager  of Nottingham. The  right  honourable  the  lady  North  and  Guil¬ ford. The  reverend  Mr.  Cavendilh  Nevill.' Charles  Newby,  efq-, Mr.  John  Napier  of  York. *  The A  List  of  the  Subscribers. O. *  I  he  right  honourable  the  earl  of  Oxford. The  right  honourable  the  earl  of  Orkney, William  Ofbaldefton,  efq-, Hhe  reverend  Richard  Ofbaldefton,  S.  T.  P. dean  of  York. P. J  The  right  honourable  the  lord  Petrc. The  right  honourable  the  lady  Petre. German  Pole,  efq , Robert  Pigot,  ejq-, Thomas  Pigot,  efq-, Thomas  Pullein,  efq-, Thomas  Plampion,  efq-, Henry  William  Portman,  efq , Prefcot  Pepper,  efq\ -, Richard  Price,  efq-, *  James  Pennyman,  efq-, Nathanael  Pay  lor,,  efq-, Armftead  Parker,  efq-, Thomas  Patten,  efq-, The  reverend  Mr.  Penny  of  A fh ton-under¬ line. Mr.  Robert  Fairfax  Pawfon  of  York. Mr.  William  Pawfon,  merchant  at  Oporto. Mr.  John  Pawfon,  merchant  in  Newcaftle. Mr.  Plant,  proftor  at  York. Mr.  Chriftopher  Peak  of  York. *  Mrs.  Parker  of  York. Mr.  Thomas  Pickering  of  Weftminfter. R. *  His  grace  the  duke  of  Rutland. *  Sir  Thomas  Robinfon,  bart.  one  of  the  ho¬ nourable  commiffioners  of  excife. Sir  John  Rhodes,  bart. Gregory  Rhodes,  efq-, Cuthbert  Routh,  efq-, Matthew  Ridley,  efq-, John  Reed,  efq-, *  Thomas  Strangeways  Robinfon,  efq-, John  Rudd,  efq-, *  Richard  Rawlinfon,  efq-,  LL.D.  et  F.  R.  S. Matthew  Robinfon,  efq-, Lancelot  Rollefton,  efq-, Edward  Rooks,  efq-. The  reverend  Mr.  Ray,  prebendary  o/Ripon. *  The  reverend  Mr.  Remmington  of  Gar- raby.  . The  reverend  William  Richardfon,  D.  D. mafter  of  Emanuel  college,  Cambridge. The  reverend  Mr.  Henry  Richardfon. Dr.  Richardfon  of  North  Byerley. Mr.  John  Richardfon  of  York. Mr.  George  Reynoldfon  of  York. Mr.  George  Rhodes  of  York. Mr.  Edward  Ridfdale  of  Ripon. John  Rogers,  M.  D.  of  Leeds. Mr.  John  Raper  of  York. Thefocietyof  Ringers  at  York. S. *  The  right  honourable  the  earl  of  Strafford. *  The  right  honourable  the  earl  of  Shafts- bury. The  right  honourable  the  earl  of  Scarborough. The  right  honourable  the  lord  Noel  Somerfet. Sir  Thomas  Sanders  Seabright,  bart. Sir  William  St.  Quintin,  bart. *  Sir  Henry  Slingfby,  bart. Sir  William  Strickland,  bart. *  Sir  Hans  Sloane,  bart. Sir  John  Swinburn,  bart. '*  Sir  Hugh  Smithfon,  bart. *  Sir  Miles  Stapylton,  bart. Sir  Philip  Sydenham,  bart. Sir  William  Stapleton,  bart. Sir  George  Savile,  bart. Sir  Robert  Smyth,  bart. Sir  Edward  Smith,  bart. *  Richard  Shuttleworth,  efq-, Matthew  Chitty  St.  Quintin,  efq-, Charles  Slingfby,  efq-, Nicholas  Shuttleworth,  efq-, Philip  Southcote,  efq-, Samuel  Savile,  efq-, Bryan  Stapylton,  efq-, *  Thomas  Scawen,  efq-, William  Spencer  of  Bramley- grange,  efq-, William  Spencer  of  Cannon-hall,  efq-, Henry  Simpfon,  efq-, Henry  Stratford,  efq ; Matthew  Smales,  efq-, Richard  Sterne,  efq-, John  Stanhope,  efq ; William  Simpfon,  efq-, Thomas  Selby,  efq-, John  Smith,  efq-, Gervafe  Scrope,  efq-, William  Shippen,  efq-, Edward  Smith,  efq , Brownlow  Sherrard,  efq-, John  Sawbridge,  efq , William  Sheppherd,  efq-, Samuel  Swire,  efq-, Philip  Saltmarfh,  efq-. The  reverend  Mr.  Stephens,  archdeacon  of Exeter  and  prebendary  of  York. The  reverend  Dr.  Stukely. The  reverend  Mr.  Sifllffon. The  reverend  Dr.  Sharp,  archdeacon  of  Nor¬ thumberland,  &V. The  reverend  Mr.  Steer,  reSlor  of  Eccles field, and  prebendary  of  York. The  reverend  Mr.  William  Smith. The  reverend  Mr.  Serenius  of  Sweden. The  reverend  Air.  Sympfon  of  Babworth, com. Nott. Mr.  John  Shaw  of  York. Mr.  Smith,  furgeon  in  Coventry. Mr.  John  Swale,  bookfeller  in  Leeds. Mr.  Sellers  of  York. Mr.  George  Skelton  of  York. Mr.  Nicholas  Sugar  of  York. Mr. A  List  of  the  Subscribers. Mr.  Thomas  Smith  of  York. Mr.  William  Stephenfon  of  York. Mr.  Richard  Stockton  of  York. Mr.  David  Saunders  of  York. Mr.  Sutton  of  Stockton. Mr.  John  Stephenfon. Mrs.  Sarah  Stephenfon. Sign.  F.  Slater,  hiftory  fainter. Mr.  James  Swan  of  Fulharm Mr.  John  Strangewayes  of  York. Air.  Jofephus  Symplon,  engraver ,  London. Mr.  Strahan,  bookfeller  in  Cornhill. T. *  The  right  honourable  the  earl  of  Thanet. Sir  George  Tempeft,  hart. *  Edward  Thompfon,  efq-,  reprefentcttivt  in parliament  for  the  city  of  York. *  John  Twifleton,  efq -, John  Tempeft,  efq-, Richard  Townley,  efq-, Stephen  Tempeft,  efq-, Bartholomew  Tate,  efq-, Nicholas  Torre,  efq-, Arthur  Trevor,  efq\ Leonard  Thompfon,  efq -, Stephen  Thompfon,  efq-, Cholmley  Turner,  efq -, *  William  Turner  of  Stainfby,  efq j William  Thornton,  efq , The  reverend  Dr.  Trimnel,  precentor  of  the church  at  Lincoln. The  reverend  John  Taylour,  LL.  D. Mr.  John  Thomlinfon  of  York. Mr.  Thomas  Thurfby,  furgeon  in  Newcaftle. Y. The  honourable  Henry  Vane,  efq-, George  Venables  Vernon,  efq  -, William  Vavafour,  efq-. The  reverend  Dr.  V ernon,  reftorofS.  George’* Bloomfbury. Mrs.  Vavafour  of  York. Mrs.  Ann  Unet,  bookfeller  at  Wolverhamp¬ ton. W. *  The  right  honourable  the  earl  of  Winchelfea, and  Nottingham. *  The  honourable  Thomas  Willoughby,  efq-. The  honourable  Mrs.  Willoughby. The  honourable  Rothwell  Willoughby,  efq-. The  honourable  Henry  Willoughby,  efq-. The  honourable  Montague  Wortley,  eJq-9 Sir  William  Wyndham,  bar/. Sir  Francis  Whichcote,  bare. Sir  John  Webb,  bare. *  The  lady  Wentworth  of  Howfam. William  Wickham,  efq-, William  Woodyeare,  efq-. Patience  Warde,  efq-, Pleafaunce  Watfon,  efq-, *  James  Weft,  efq-. Brown  Willis,  efq-, George  Wright,  efq-, William  Wrightfon,  efq\ Henry  Witham,  efq-, Godfrey  Wentworth,  efq-, Matthew  Wentworth,  efq-, *  Richard  Walwyn,  efq-, Andrew  Wilkinfon,  efq-, *  John  Wilkinfon,  efq-, Thomas  Wright,  efq-, John  Wood,  efq-, Thomas  Wilfon,  efq-, *  Watkin  Williams  Wynne,  efq-, Charles  Stourton  Walmfiey,  efq-, George  Wright,  efq-, Henry  Walton,  efq-, *  Dr.  Wintringham  of  York. Mr.  Clifton  Wintringham. Dr.  Wilsford  of  Pontefra<5t. Major  White  of  the  Tower. Captain  Wad.  Windham. The  reverend  Mr.  Wakefield,  reftor  of  Sezay and  prebendary  of  Ripon. The  reverend  Mr.  Wickham,  redlor  o/Guife- ley. The  reverend  Mr.  Weatherhed  of  Bol ton- abbey. Mr.  John  Willberfofs,  merchant  in  Gainfbo- rough. Mr.  Thomas  Wilfon  of  Leeds. Mr.  William  Watfon  of  Sheffield. Mr.  Woodhoufe  of  York. Mr.  Henry  Waite  of  York. Mr.  William  Watkinfon  of  York. Mr.  Watfon  of  Stockton. Mr.  John  Wilmer  of  York. Mr.  Wilcockfon  of  Manchefter. Mr.  William  Webber  of  Exeter. Mr.  Williamfon,  bookfeller  in  Holborn. Meff.  Ward  and  Chandler,  bookfeller s  at  Scar¬ borough,  York  and  London.  One  large  and four  fmall, Y. John  Yorke,  efq-, Thomas  Yarborough,  efq-. The  reverend  Mr.  Younge,  r eld  or  of  Cattwick in  Holdernefs. The  City  of  York  fifty  pounds. THE CON THE tent  s. BOOK  I. Chap.  I.  V7’ORK,  in  different  names  and  etymologies-,  with  the  obfcure  hi/ton I  °J  “  t0  the  coming  of  the  Romans  into  Britain  paee  ; Chap.  II  Contains  the  ft  ate  of  the  city  under  the  Roman  government  in  Britain  7. Chap.  III. .The  ft  ate  of  the  city  from  the  Romans  leaving  the  ijland  to  the  callim over  the  Soxons-,  and  qiute  through  the  Heptarchy,  &c.  to  the Norman  conque/l  67 Chap  IV.  The  hftorical  account  of  the  city  continued  from  the  Norman  conquel to  the  uniting  of  the  two  houjes  of  York  and  Lancafter Chap.  V.  A  continuation,  of  the  hftorical  annals  of  the  'city  from  this  period  to  the prefent  times ,  ' J  r Chap.  VI.  The  government  of  the  city  during  the  times  of  Romans,  Saxons  D^c’s and  Normans  ;  with  the  prefent  government  by  a  lord-mayor,  aldermen  the- rifts,  See.  The  ancient  and  prefent  navigation  of  the  river  Oufe.  Of  the  gilds craps,  trades  and  fraternities,  franchifes,  liberties,  charters,  gifts  and  dona¬ tions,  privileges  granted  to  the  community  of  the  city  ;  with  their  by-laws  an cient  cuftoms,  fairs ,  markets,  &c.  J  „ Chap.  VII.  The  ancient  and  prefent  ft  ate  of  the  city  of  York,  in  refbea  u  its Jituation,  trade ,  navigation  of  the  river  Oufe,  number  of  inhabitants  manu- faBures ,  price  of  provifions ,  &c.  An  exaB  furvey  of  the  city  and  fuburbs  with their  ancient  and  prefent  boundaries.  The  etymology  of  the  names  of’feveral Jlreets,  lanes ,  barrs,  Scc.  The Jlreets,  lanes,  alleys,  courts,  gates,  marketplaces , croft es,  bridges,  pnfons,  halls,  currents  and  rivers-,  the  parijh  churches]  their value  in  the  king's  books,  ancient  and  prefent  patronage,  lifts  of  the  fevered  in¬ cumbents,  with  their  refpeStive  inferiptions ,  epitaphs,  coats  of  arms  &c  The monaftenes,  hofpitals,  maifon-dieus,  demolijhed  churches  and  chapels,  'which  food here  before  the  Reformation,  are  traced  up,  as  far  as  poKble,  to  their  orift- nal  fruBures  and  endowments ,  0 Chap.  VIII.  An  hftorical  account  of  the  earls  and  dukes  of  York.  An  exatf  /.ft of  all  the  high-Jheriffs  of  the  county.  The  city's  reprefentatives  in  parliament A  catalogue  of  the  mayors and  bay  Iiffs,  lord-mayors  Wfheriffs  from  anno  127/ and  upwards,  to  this  time.  The  lords-  prefidents  of  the  north,  with  the  learned council  that  attended  that  court  at  York,  from  its  erettion  to  the  votin-r  of  it down  by  parliament.  With  a  Jhort  account  of  the  lives  of  fame  treat  arA  fa- mous  men  to  whom  this  city  has  bad  the  honour  to  give  birth ,  -Aq Chap.  IX.  A  furvey  of  the  Ainfty,  or  county  of  the  city  of  York;  wherein  the ancient  and  prefent  lords  of  manors  within  that  diftria ' are  taken  notice  of.  A  ge¬ nealogical  account  of  fame  ancient  families  therein.  The  churches  and  remarka¬ ble  epitaphs,  with  boundaries,  bridges,  highways,  &c.  ,  g  j BOOK  II. Chap.  I.  pT  HE  hiftory  of  the  metrofolitical  church  of  York,  from  the  firft  in- troduSim  of  Chrifliaiiity  into  the  northern  parts  of  this  ijland-, with  the  lives  of  the  Archbishops  of  that  fee,  from  the  year  bio,  to  the  pre- fent ,  r Chap.  II.  : the  particular  hiftory  of  the  fabrick  of  the  cathedral  church  of  York Jrom  its  firft  foundation  to  the  prefent  condition  of  that  noble  ftruSure ,  See.  472’. Chap.  III.  The  archiepijcopal  fee  of  York;  its  antiquity,  jurifdiaion'.  See.  The dean  and  chapter,  their  charters  and  liberties,  privileges  and  immunities,  ran¬ ted  to  them  by  diverfe  kings.  The  principal  dignitaries  of  the  cathedral.  The ftoji  of  York  and  the  Bedern. Chap.  IV.  St.  Mary’s  Abbey  ;  from  its  foundation  to  its  diffolution  ;  with  the prefent  Jlate  of  the  king's  manor,  as  it  is  now  called,  at  York,  ,7, appendix' The  CONTENTS. APPENDIX. REfafces,  additions  and  emendations.  Titles  of  extraHs  from  records,  &c- References  to  the  additional  plate  of  Roman  curiofi ties  found  at  York  and Aldborough,  page  xiii.  —  Jew's  mortgages,  from  the  regijler  of  Fountains  xv Proceedings  m  York  relating  to  the  beheading  s/Richard  earl  of  Cambridge  &c xvi.  —  Pro  majore  et  civibus  civitatis  Ebor.  rex  Ed.  IV.  xvii.  _  The  ceremonial of  attending  and  receiving  into  the  city  of  York,  Margaret  queen  of  Scotland daughter  to  Henry  VII,  xviii.  -The  eleStion  of  Thomas  earl  If  Stra&rd  2 yTT/  »  I°rk’  fx'~°f'P"nce  Rupert  and  James  ’ duke  of \otk,  ibidem .  Ext  rails  from  the  regiftcr  o/Fountains-abbey,  relating  to  the mayors  of  York,  ibidem,  xxi,  xxn.  —  From  an  ancient  regift er  in  the  Fairfax ~  T  t  eaH  marJ,ml's  court  in  a  caaJ'e  be‘™ixt  the  lord prefident  oj  the  north  and  lord  mayor  of  York,  about  bearing  the  (word,  xxiii. jL  decree  for  precedency  of  place  between  the  citizens  of  York  and  thofe  of  the Jpintual  court,  xxtv.  Sir  William  Dugdale’s  anfwer  to  a  queftion  about precedency,  xxvi.  —  De  eligendo  majorem  in  civitate  Ebor.  temp.  Ed  III ibidem  —  A great  riot  in  York,  temp.  Ric.  II,  ibidem.  _  A  Petition  to  par¬ liament  relating  to  letters  patents  for  exemption  from  places,  &c.  temp  Hen  VI l™'- ~  c°Py  °f  *  record  about  the  citizens  of  York  paying  toll  at  Burrough- .0  e,  xxvil.  —  The feaft  and  pageantry  of  Corpus  Cbnili  play  in  York,  xxix dem  “ fid bW°f  ’  'T7;7  ClvItas  Eeorum'  >«■  Oaom'rsnap.bao6,  ibi- r  ft  7  r  tllf°?  re-eJla,bhJhln&  a  court  York,  xxxvi.  _  Perambulatio  fo- Ebor  xft  ]“ta£&r-  ^xvin.  —  Confirmatio  monialibus  S.  C/ementis E  or.  xxxix  —  Grants  to  the  priory  of  St.  Andrew  in  York,  ibidem hf  tbtpfP‘talofSt.  Nicholas,  extra  Walmgate,  xl.  —Free  Jchool  in  Boot- dend;  ?m7?'  ^  °f  Gill^ate  fiaUd>  Xli'-De  villi  Ebor.  clau- fne  S  rr  t-7,  rr/eCanUm/£  “P11'  Pro  eadem  eaufa,  xliii.  —  Pro  priore  eccle- hae  S.  Ti  imtatis  Ebor.  confirmatio,  ibidem.  _  De  cuftodia  et  defenfione  cuiuf- ^  “  Pa2Sp‘VltatlS  v°c- OBnliUtni  tempore  guerrae,  &c.  xliv.  _  Grants  and  char¬ ters  to  the  Fryars-preachers  m  \  ork,  xlv.  —  Grants  and  charters  to  the  Frvars- ,York>  xlvl-  —  Grants  to  the  monaftery  of  St.  Auguftine  in  York  1 Clifford  s-tower  in  York,  and  lord  Clifford’s  claim  there,  ibidem  .  —  Grants  to the  monaftery  of  the  fryars  Carmelites  in  York,  li.  _  Benefallors  to  the  charm Jchool  there ,1m  —  Indentures,  leafes,  and  releafes,  relating  to  the  purchafof the  ground  for  butldmg  the  new  ajfembly  rooms,  Ivii - A  lift"  of  the  fubferibersto the  building  &c.  hx.  —  cjgttltajHjau  in  York,  Ixii.  —  Grants  rilatinl 1 the Ai  Yo,’lt,  ibidem.  ——An  order  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons  relating  to  the Amity  votes,'  lxm.  —  Archbijhop  Walter  Grey's  temporal poffieftions,  lxiv  Inter diverfa  judicia  in  epifcopos  ob  contempt.  E.  colled:.  J.  Anjtifsm.  dom  rex  con Kemffr'  XV1'  7"  Ll‘tera  papaHs  de  admiffione  et  receptione  Joannis Kimp  &c  ibidem.  —  Terra  archiepiicopi  Ebor.  ex  libro  £)0Cmc«Da‘l>  \x\x Fees  to  thefteward  and  clerk  in  St.  Peter's  court,  lxxi.  _  King  Charles the  Its mandate  to  the  lord  mayor  about  carrying  his  enftgns  of  authority  into  the  fathe- H  n  mX1i7De  qUCrrek  dvIr  Eb°r ■  ve'fus  decanmn  et  cap.  Ebor  Land a S ;}l\  vldl:m.'  —  Laffe  collections  out  of  the  regifters  belonging  to  the  arch- g&tfxe/York  in  the  office  of  the  regiftcr  of  the  afcLjhop,  anno  ffino  E  cha- Vs  T  Comber  precent.  lxxiv.  &c.  _  Emendationes  per’  T.  G.  ad  carts  eccl  E for.  ex  Dugdale,  M  voi.  III.  Ixxxii  .-More  emendations  to  the  fne  tfi —  Ac  Thomas  Widdermg’s  MS.  hiftory  of  York;  its  title  dedirt  f  a Ripon  from  the fame,  xci.  ’  me  chinch  of mayor The  CONTENTS. Mayor  of  York  from  Lambert  Symnel ;  fly  ling  himfelf  king  (CUfeill'tl  tfjC  fiftfj,  &c- ibidem.  Lord  Lovel’j  claim  to  a  right  of  common  in  Knael'mire,  c.  An  expla¬ nation  of  the  plate  of  ancient  feals ,  &c.  ibidem.  An  account  of  the  Saxon  and Danifh  coins  flruck  York ;  with  feme  account  alfo  of  the  money  minted  from  the Normal  conqueft  to  the  lafl  mint  eredled  in  that  city.  cii.  York,  or  tradefmeris half-pennies  flruck  there ,  cx. ERRATUM.  Book  II.  Chap.  II.  p.519.  fefl.  2. For,  The  whole  pavement  is  a  brick  floor ,  read,  The  whole  pavement  is  on  a  brick floor ,  &c.  Page  4.  Note  (i)  for  Sir  H.  Spelman's  notes  on  Tacitus,  r .  Sir  H.  Savile's. The  number  and  order  of  placing  the  loofe  prints. 1.  A  View  of  Severin' s  hills,  p.  15. T\.  2.  A  view  of  part  of  the  Roman road  on  Bramham  moor,  p.  19. 3.  The  plans  of  Aldborough  and  Tadc after, p.  22. 4.  Roman  pavements  at  Aldborough ,  p,  25. 5.  The  obelifcs  at  Burrougb-brulge,  p.  28. 6.  A  Roman  camp  on  the  moors  near Pickering ,  p.  36. 7.  A  map  of  the  Roman  roads,  p.  37. 8.  Roman  altars,  urns  and  other  curiofities found  at  Tork ,  p.  56. 9.  A  Roman  tower  and  wall  in  2rork,  p.  57. 10.  The  Roman  arch  in  Micklegate-bar , Pork,  p\  60. 11.  A  Roman  head  of  brafs,  p.  65. 12.  William  the  cpnqueror,  giving  a  charter to  his  nephew  Alan  earl  of  Britain,  p.  89. 13.  Tork,  from  Severus's  hills,  p.  226. 14.  A  plan  of  the  city  of  Tork ,  p.  244. 1 5.  A  fouth-wcft  view  of  the  city  of  Tork , p.  249. 1 6.  O ufe -bridge  at  Tork ,  p.281. 1 7.  A  perfpedtive  view  of  the  caftle  of  Tork, p.  286. 18.  Clifford's  tower  in  Tork  as  it  flood  forti¬ fied  before  it  was  blown  up  anno  1684, p.  289,  1. 19.  A  perfpedtive  view  of  the  infide  ruins  of Clifford? s  tower,  p.  289,  2. 20.  Tork,  from  near  the  confluence  of  the  ri¬ vers  Oufe  and  Fofs,  p.  303. 21.  Percy's  window  in  St.  Dyonis  church, Walmgate ,  p.  30 6. 22.  The  church  porch  of  St.  Margaret  in 2 ork,  p.  308. 23.  The  great  room  in  the  lord  mayor’s houfe,  p.  330. 24.  The  front  of  the  new  afiembly  rooms, P-33 8,  i- 25.  Aides  concentus  Eboracenfis,  p.  338,  2. or  fedtion  of  the  great  room. 26.  The  plan  of  the  fame,  p.  338,  3. 27.  Swinburnes  monument,  377. 28.  A  map  of  the  Ainfly ,  &c.  p.  380. 29.  The  title  page  to  Book  II,  p.  398. 30.  The  monument  of  archbifhop  Sandes , ?■  456- 31.  The  monument  of  archbifhop  Hutton , p.  458. .2.  The  monument  of  archbifhop  Matthews , ”  P-  459* 33.  The  monument  of  archbifhop  Frewen , p.  464. 34.  The  monument  of  archbifhop  Sterne , p.  465. 35.  The  monument  of  archbifhop  Dolbcn , p.  466. 36.  The  monument  of  archbifhop  Lamplugh , p.  467, 37.  The  monument  of  archbifhop  Sharp , p.  468. 38.  The  arms  of  the  archbifhops,  p.^71. 39.  The  chapter-houfe  at  2‘ork ,  p.  476. 40.  The  monument  of  fir  Henry  Belaflis, p.  502. 41.  The  earl  of  Carlifle's  monument,  p.  503. 42.  Copartments,  Pearfon ,  Ter  rick  and p.504. 43.  The  countefs  of  Cumberland's  monu¬ ment,  p.  505. 44.  The  monument  of  fir  William  Gee,  p.  508. 45.  The  earl  of  Strafford's  monument, p.  511,  1. 46.  The  honourable  Thomas  Wentworth's monument,  p.  51 1,  2. 47.  The  monument  of  Mrs.  Matthews , p.  512. 48.  Dean  Finch's  monument,  p.  5 13. 49.  The  ichnography  and  new  pavement  of the  church,  p.  519. 50.  An  internal  perlpedt  view  of  the  choir end  ol  the  cathedral  church  at  2"ork , p.522. 51.  An  internal  perfpeft  view  from  the  weft end,  p.  525. 52.  The  window  armorial,  p.  526. 53.  The  eaft  window,  p.  527. 54.  An  internal  perfpedl  view  from  the  fouth, P-  532- 55.  Different  arms  in  flone,  p.  534. 56.  Different  arms  in  colours,  p-S3f- 57.  A  weft  view  of  the  ruins  of  St.  Mary's abbey,  Tork ,  p.  574. In  the  APPENDIX. 58.  An  additional  plate  of  Roman  curiofities found  at  Tirk  and  Aldburgh,  page  xiii. 59.  Ancient  feals  belonging  to  lome  arch¬ bifhops  of  Tork ,  and  feveral  religious  houles in  that  city,  p.  ci. 60.  Saxon  and  Danifh  coins  flruck  at  2brky p.  civ, EBORACUM: 1 [  *  ] E  B  0  RA  C  U  M: H  I  J W  IY,  JL  i  l  JA 5  T  O  R  Y ANT IQUITI ES C  I  T OF  THE Y  of  TORI^. BOOK  I. CHAP.  I. YORK,  its  different  names  and  etymologies-,  with  the  oh  [cure  hif- tory  of  it  to  the  coming  of  the  Romans  into  Britain. E  BORA  CUM ,  or  York,  the  Metropolis  of  eBORSSEIRIff,  or  Yorkjhirc, fuuate  at  the  confluence  of  the  rivers  Oufe  and  Fcfs,  placed  near  the  cen- tre  of  ther  lfl:lnd’  m  the  richeft,  pleafanteft,  and'  moll  extenfive  valley  in Britain,  if  not  in  all  Europe,  draws  its  original  from  the  earlieft  ages.  And wrapt  in  iuch  obfcurity  is  the  etymology  of  its  name,  that  to  me  it  feems  much too  nigh  tor  human  comprehenfion ;  and,  I  may  juftly  fay,  that  Caput  inter  nvbila CONDI T, The  etymology  of  the  name  of  Y irk,  encompaffed  with  fucli  difficulties  and  uncertainties mult  however  be  an  evident  token  of  the  great  antiquity  of  the  place  j  and  if  not  as  old yet  near  coeval  with  London,  whofe  derivation  is  as  little  underftood.  As  indeed  the  tit! of  our  whole  lfland  Britain  if  the  ftory  of  Brute  and  his  Trojans  be  deny’d,  is  loft  in  num berleis  conjectures.  (a)  Stow,  in  his  Survey  of  London,  has  made  no  fcruple  to  deduce  th [f)  As  Rome  the  chief  city  of  the  world,  to  glorify  it- fcU,  drew  her  original  from  Gods,  Goddeffes,  and  De- nu-Gods  by  the  Trojan,  progeny;  fo  this  famous  city  of i.°ndon,  for  greater  glory,  and  in  emulation  of  Rome,  de- riveth  utelf  from  the  very  fame  original.  Stowe's  Survey of  London,  i  cd.  A.  1599.  Sir  Thomas  Elliot  and  Dr. Charles  Leigh  have  flretch’d  farther  in  afcribing  the  name of  Neomagus  to  the  city  of  Chejler ,  from  Magus  the  fon  of Samotbes  fon  oijaphet  its  founder.  Leigh's  Nat.  Hill  of LancaJhire,  Che/hire,  Sec. B  original 2 A.  M-  2860. Ante  C.  1 1 06 A  M.  2983. Ante  C.  983. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. original  of  that  city  from  Gods,  Goddefles,  and  Demi-Gods.  I  am  not  fo  bold  an  hiftorian as  he,  tho’  I  have  the  fame  reafon  to  do  it  to  ours  *  yet  I  ffiall  not  ftick  to  give  what  is  re¬ lated  in  the  Britijh  Hiftorian  concerning  our  city’s  antiquity  ;  with  this  relerve  in  the  en¬ quiry,  not  to  obtrude  any  thing  in  evidence  without  its  witnefs,  fubmitting  the  truth  of  the faffs  to  better  judgments.  And,  with  the  author  of  a  MS  now  before  me,  (£)fhall  think  it much  more  congruous  to  right  reafon  and  ingenuity,  to  conclude  with  a  fceptical  confidera- tion,  in  this  nice  affair,  rather  than  a  peremptory  refolution. The  credit  of  the  writer  of  the  Britijh  Hiftory  may  be  difputed  by  thofe  who  intend  a  ge¬ neral  account  of  the  ifland  ;  but,  in  a  particular  way,  I  fhou’d  be  much  to  blame  to  call that  fable  and  tohiance,  which  redounds  fo  mightily  to  the  honour  of  my  fubjefl ;  and  no author  1  have  yet  met  with,  in  my  judgment,  has  fo  far  refuted  old  Geofry's  teftimony,  that it  fhou’d  be  wholly  rejected  by  a  Modern  Hiftorian  (c). Geofry  of  Alonmouth,  I  fay,  is  the  foie  evidence  that  can  be  produced,  as  an  author,  to  vin¬ dicate  this  chronology  the  reft  of  the  hiftorians,  which  mention  the  fame,  are  only  fo  many echoers  or  copyers  of  that  original.  To  begin  then, Brutus  and  his  wandring  Trojans  having  conquer’d  Albion ,  built  a  City  on  the  river Thames,  and  gave  it  the  name  of  Troja  Nova  -,  this  name  of  Troja  Nova  came  afterwards  by corruption,  fays  my  author,  to  be  called  Troy  Novant,  and  lince  chang’d  into  Ludjtoivn  or London.  The  hiftorian  places  this  epoch  at  the  time  when  the  fons  of  HeSlor,  after  the  ex- pulfibn  of  Antenor,  reign’d  in  Troy,  when  Eli  the  High  Prieft  govern’d  in  Judea ;  and when  Silvius  /Eneas,  the  fon  of  /Eneas  and  uncle  to  Brutus  the  third  King  of  the  Latins , rul’d  in  Italy.  If  this  be  true,  then  London  firft  raifed  its  head  about  the  year,  from  the world’s  creation,  two  thoufand  eight  hundred  and  fixty  ;  or  eleven  hundred  and  fix  years  be- .  fore  the  birth  of  Chrijt. The  hiftorian,  in  the  fequel  of  his  wondrous  account,  goes  on  and  tells  us,  that  Ebraucus , the  fon  of  Mempricius  the  third  King  from  Brute,  did  build  a  city  north  of  Humber,  which from  his  own  name  he  called  Kaer-ebrauc ,  that  is,  the  city  of  Ebraucus-,  about  the  time  that David  reign’d  in  Judea,  Sylvius  Latinus  in  Italy,  and  that  Gad,  Nathan,  and  Afaph,  prophe- fied  in  Ifrael ,  which  Epoch  falls  near  A.  M.  2983,  or  ante  Chriftum  983. We  are  told,  by  the  aforefaid  author,  that  this  King  Ebraucus  built  two  more  cities  ;  one call’d  (d)  Aclud  towards  Albania,  and  the  town:  of  Mount  (e)  Agned ,  which  is  at  this  time,  fays he,  call’d  the  Cajlle  of  Maidens  or  the  Mountain  of  Sorrow.  That  he  reign’d  fixty  years,  and by  twenty  wives  had  twenty  fons  and  thirty  daughters,  v/hom  he  has  thought  fit  to  give  us  the names  of ;  that  he  was  the  firft  after  Brule  who  went  with  a  navy  into  Gaul ,  and  returned victorious  ■,  and  laftly,  in  an  extream  old  age  he  died,  and  was  buried  at  Kaer-ebrauc.  Thus much  for  King  Ebrauc,  and  whether  he  built  our  city  ?  or  whether  indeed  there  was  ever fuch  a  King?  I  leave  to  judgment  on  the  teftimony  above  3  if  the  laft  be  granted,  the  other may  eafily  be  allowed  a  confequence. In  the  appellation  of  the  Britijh  Kaer-ebrauc,  we  are  to  find  out  the  Roman  EBO  RA¬ CE M,  which  Sir  T.W.  ftrives  to  do  after  this  manner;  fome  learned  men,  fays  he,  by writing  the  fecond  Latin  vowel  with  an  apoftrophe  for  fpeaking  of  it  fhort,  the  Italians  by inadvertency  have  changed  it  into  the  fourth,  and  for  Eberacum  write  Eboracum ,  as  for Edouardus ,  they  now  write  Edwardus  3  for  which  reafon  Civitas  Ebrauci  is  now  called  Civi- tas  Eborauci  3  and  the  learned  John  Cajus  fays  (/),jthat  the  name  is  changed  from  Evoracum  to Eborum. My  author  goes  on  and  fays,  “  he  cannot  conceal  what  he  had  from  a  noble  perfon, “  which  he  was  pleafed  in  modefty  only  to  term  a  conjecture;  it  appears  by  Ccefar  and “  Tacitus,  that  feveral  colonies  of  the  Gauls  feated  themfelves,  as  in  other  countries,  fo  in tc  Spain-,  from  whence  again  being  difturbed  by  the  Romans,  Carthaginians,  and  other  nati- tc  ons,they  were  forced  to  feek  new  habitations, and  might  either  firft  feize  on  the  weftern  part <c  of  middle  England-,  or,  from  Ireland,  that  place  not  fufficing  for  them,  empty  themfelves tc  hither;  giving  the  name  of  Eboracum  to  York,  from  Ebora  a  town  in  Portugal,  or  Ebura “  in  Andalufta ;  the  former  of  which  is  to  this  day  call’d  Evora,  to  which  if  you  add  c ,  be- “  ing  in  the  antient  Gaulogijls  a  diminutive,  you  have  Eborac,  the  laft  fyllable  (ton)  being “  a  latin  termination.  This  is  alfo  Buchanan's  opinion. 14  If  you  will  have  it  more  immediately  derived  from  Gaul,  or  Gallia  Belgica ,  you  have “  then  the  Eburones ,  a  people  that  inhabited  about  Liege  in  the  time  of  Ccefar ;  who,  poffi- “  bly  tranfplanted  hither,  might  give  it  the  name  of  Eburac,  or  little  York.  There  are “  alfo  the  Eburaci  or  Ebroici,  for  it  is  read  both  ways,  in  Gallia  Celtica ,  whofe  chief  city “  Eboraicum  favours  exceedingly  the  etymology  of  York ;  and  it  may  very  well  argue  a tc  tranfplanting  of  the  natives  hither. Thus  far  the  learned  Knight;  on  the  other  hand  Verjlegan  in  his  book  of  the  reftitution of  decayed  intelligence,  fays,  “  that  the  antient  Britons  call’d  the  city  of  York,  Caer-efroc  : “  our  anceftors  Cbo.ltDtc,  (fctJerfoic  and  QfcbcrUnc ;  which  by  vulgar  Abbreviation  might (b)  Sir  Thomas  Witbrlngtoris  MS  hiftory  of  York. (c)  The  verity  of  Geofry's  hi  Kory  has  been  excellently well  vindicated  by  Mr.  Aaron  ‘ Thompfon ,  in  the  preface to  an  Engltjb  edition  of  that  author,  London  printed  1718. (d)  By  fome  faid  to  be  Bremhnm  Cafile  on  the  river Eden  near  Carlife,  by  others,  Aldburgb. (e)  Edtnborough. if)  7-  Cajus  in  Ant.  Acad.  Cant. ct come 3 Chap.  I.  of  the  Cl  TY  of  YORK. “  come  to  flgojic  or  5IlQ2tC,  and  fo  Jaftly  to  York.  <£bcr  or  Cber  is  in  the  old  Saxcn «  wild  boar,  tho*  this  latter  name  be  Englifh  alfo  :  MtC  is  a  refuge  or  retreat,  and  it  may “  be  it  had  of  our  anceftors  that  appellation,  as  being  the  refuge  or  retreat  from  the  wild “  boars,  which  heretofore  might  have  been  in  the  Forefi  of  Galtres  (gfi  which  is  within  a  mile “  of  that  city  i  and  the  more  like  it  is,  for  that  there  yet  remains  a  toll  call’d  (Z&tl^Dc  ILatoc, “  which  is  paid  for  Cattle  at  Bowdam-Bar ,  a  gate  of  the  city  fo  call’d,  and  was  fil'd:  paid “  for  the  payment  of  guides  which  conduced  them,  belike,  to  fave  them  from  this  cruel “  beaft  through  the  faid  foreft. That  there  were  wild  boars  as  well  as  wolves  in  this  ifland  formerly,  I  fuppofe  will  not  be denyed  ;  and  no  forefi:  could  better  harbour  thefe  creatures,  than  this  famous  wood,  called  in antient  authors  CALETERIVM  NEMVS  ;  whofe  extent,  if  we  may  give  credit  to  an hiftorian,  ftretched  north-weft  from  the  city  (h)  twenty  miles.  It  may  here  be  taken  no¬ tice  of,  in  order  to  ftrengthen  Verflegan' s  conjedlure,  that  there  is  a  village  at  the  extremi¬ ty  of  the  foreft,  north  from  Bowdam-Bar ,  and  in  the  road  to  it,  call’d  Tollerton ,  which  pro¬ bably  was  the  place  that  travellers  took  their  guides  from,  and  paid  one  part  of  their  toll or  tax  for  it.  That  there  is  another  village  on  the  foreft,  about  a  mile  from  the  city,  named Huntington •,  which  no  doubt  took  its  name  from  the  hunting  of  wild  beafts  in  thofe days.  And  laftly,  it  is  farther  obfervable,  that  there  is  over  the  north  door  of  the  weft  end  of the  cathedral,  pointing  to  the  gate  and  foreft  aforefaid,  in  a  fort  o f  Bajfo  relievo,  the  fi¬ gures  of  a  wild  boar  purfu’d  by  one  winding  a  hunter’s  horn  ;  furrounded  with  a  pack  of hounds,  whilft  the  boar  is  flain  by  a  man  armed  with  a  fhield  and  lance.  In  this  hierogly- phical  defcription,  the  builders  of  this  famous  edifice  might  probably  allude  to  the  name ofCbo^,  as  mention’d  by  Verflegan.  (i)  Our  htt  Leeds  antiquary  is  of  this  author’s  opinion, and  fays,  that  the  prefent  name  of  York  may  be  eafily  enough  deduced  from  the  Saxon  Eopep- juc  ;  the  initials  of  which  were  no  doubt  in  thofe  ages  pronounced  as  Yo.  This  is  yet  con¬ tinued  in  fome  parts  of  the  north,  where  eode  is  pronounced  yode.  I  my  felf,  adds  he, have  been  told  upon  the  road,  that  fike  a  yan  yode  that  way.  The  p,  continues  our  etymo- logift,  was  omitted  for  foftnefs  in  pronunciation,  as  alfo  p  •,  and  he  had  of  the  monies  of King  Edward  the  Confefior,  whereon  for  EOF6R  is  writ  EOR  (YOR)  to  which  add the  laft  letter  C  (now  converted  into  K)  and  you  have  the  modern  name  YORC  or YORK. Others  believe  that  the  name  of  this  city  is  derived  from  nothing  more  than  the  river Eure  it  ftands  upon :  and  then  the  fignification  of  the  word  amounts  to  no  more  than  a town  or  city  Handing  or  placed  upon  Eure.  Thus  the  Eberanci ,  a  people  of  France ,  fit down  by  the  river  Eure  near  Eureux  in  Normandy ,  and  from  thence  contradled  their  name. This  is  the  opinion  of  that  great  antiquary  Camden\  and  if  the  point  be  cleared,  that  the river  Oufe  was  formerly  call’d  Eure  as  low  as  York ,  we  need  look  no  further  for  our  ety¬ mology. John  Leland ,  that  great  magazine  of  antiquity,  to  whofe  collections  the  ableft  Englifh  anti¬ quaries  have  been  fo  particularly  obliged,  efteems  the  river  Oufe  to  be  one  of  the  Rivers  of  Ifis. (k)  “The  river  Oufe ,  fays  he,  arifes  in  the  fartheft  part  of  the  province  of  Richmotid ,  at  a “  place  call’d  Cotterhill  or  Cotterend ;  it  pafies  through  divers  places,  and  comes  at  laft  to <c  Bur  rough- Bridge ,  and  there  is  call’d  ISVRIVM,  the  name  of  Ifis  being  prepofed  to “  Eure.  Ptolemy ,  adds  my  author,  fpeaking  of  the  cities  of  the  BRIGANTES,  mentions “  this  of  ISVRIVM,  and  fo  dots,  Antoninus  in  his  itinerary,  but  this  city  came  to  no- “  thing  when  the  Banes  deftroyed  all  England  with  fire  and  fword.  Nunc  feges  efi  villa “  ru.Jlica  ubi  ISVRIVM  fuit.  Here  the  plowman  frequently  finds  reliques  of  old  walls “  and  Roman  coyn  •,  the  name  of  the  place  is  now  called  Aldborough ,  as  much  as  to  fiy “  old  town.  Now  here  lies  the  difficulty,  adds  he,  for  the  inhabitants  hereabouts  fay “  that  Oufe  a  little  below  Bur  rough -bridge  doth  receive  the  name  of  Eure ,  which  fe.ems “  not  very  probable,  fince  ISVRIVM  anciently,  as  may  be  collected  from  the  very “  word,  doth  carry  the  names  of  both  the  rivers  ;  and  lefier  rivers  do  many  times  give “  name  to  greater,  as  appears  in  the  Thames ,  as  well  as  this*,  fo  the  river  a  little  after “  it  is  paft  Burr ough -bridge  by  the  people  affeCting  brevity,  wholly  leaving  out  Eure  have “  taken  up  the  firft  part  of  the  name  and  call  it  Ifis  vulgarly  Oufe.  And  if  a  man,  pur- “  fues  he,  fhall  fully  confider  the  name  ^uretutc,  which  by  contraction  is  2 ork,  he  will tc  underftand  that  it  hath  taken  the  name  from  Jfu.ZCfotC,  retaining  the  firft  letter,  and “  calling  away  the  fccond  and  changing  the  third  into  O,  as  ^o^ctoic  or  |9o^cfiJtc  which “  is  foon  thrown  into  York. (1)  This  great  antiquary  in  another  part  of  his  works  is  Hill  more  explicit  in  this  affair, which  I  fhall  beg  leave  to  give  the  reader  in  his  own  words  as  follows  ;  funt  qui  fufpicentur , (g)  Boars  at  this  day,  fays  Lawyer  Hi/dyard,  who  is  very fond  of  this  opinion,  are  call’d  in  Yorhjbire,  Gautes. Hi/d.  Ant.  York  1664. (b)  Conjlat  igitur  quod Nevnus  Caleterinum,y//(w'  angliee <E5a.lt  VCS  dicitur,  attingit  petie  Eborum,  iff  inde  v  erf  us Zephyrum  extenditur  juxta  TlCbatgl),  inlongum  fpatio  xx mi/liarium ,  cuji/s  ncmoris  plurima  pan  bodie  (uccifts  r.rbui culis  ad  culturam  redigitur.  Policbron.  R.  Higdeni. (i)  Thorelby’-f  Ducat.  Leod ,  in  nppmduc. (k)  J .  Leland  in  Com.  Cant. (l)  J.  Leland  in  Genetb.  Ed.  primi. "the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. me  tenure ,  illud  jtumcn ,  quad  urbtm  alluit  1SVR1VM,  dim  dictum  fuijji  ab  [fide  6?  Uro  /«- peruts  ctmftuentibus.  Hejluvius  a  faxmibm  Oufi  diritur,  argumexto  fitnl  Oufeford,  id  etl,  IJidis vadum  ;  Oufeburn,  id  ty?,  Ifidis  aqua.  Si  hxzc  conjeflura  valet,  at  eerie  plurimumvtti  i dc/i/r,  IS  v  ROVICVM  aptum ,  elegans ,  rot undum  etiam  urbi  nomen  erat. T  he  juftly  celebrated  Mr.  Camden  has  taken  thro’  his  works  all  imaginable  pains  to  de- llroy  the  credit  of  the  Britijh  hiRorian ;  and  old  Geofry  is  reprefented  by  him,  as  a  dreamer of  dreams,  and  feer  of  vifions-,  for  which  reafon  he  is  not  a  little  fond  of  this  opinion which  makes  the  derivation  of  our  city’s  name  to  be  entirely  Roman  ;  and  fays  the  name of  the  Britijh  Xing  Ebrauc  was  coin’d  out  of  EBORACVM.  (m)  He  lays  it  down  as  an unconteRable  truth,  that  the  Eure  at  Bur  rough-bridge  has  gained  the  name  of  Oujc,  from a  little  petty  rivulet  which  runs  into  it  at  Oufeburn ,  a  village  fo  called,  to  which  it  hath given  the  name  and  robbed  the  river  Eure  of  it.  (n)  The  reader  may  eafily  find  that  Cam¬ den  comes  into  Lcland’s  opinion  in  this;  I  will  not  fay  that  he  borrowed  it  of  him  with¬ out  mentioning  his  author;  a  right  reverend  Prelate  in  his  Englijh  editions  of  that  book, having  fufficiently  vindicated  him  from  any  fuch  afperfion;  but  it  is  certain  Lcland  was pofitive  in  this  affair  before  Camden  was  born;  and  in  another  part  of  his  works,  a-ivin^ a  defeription  of  the  river  Nid ,  he  fays  it  runs  into  Eure ,  corruptly  there  call’d  Oufe.  at Nun-monkton(o). It  is  not  impoflible  but  this  may  be  the  true  definition  of  York,  and  its  latin  (p)  EBVRA CYM  or  EBORACVM,  as  it  is  fpelt  both  ways  in  the  itinerary  aferibed  to  the  emperour Antoninus.  It  is  true,  the  name  has  nothing  derivative  from  either  Latin  or  Greek  in  it;  nor indeed  is  the  name  of  any  Roman  Ration  in  Britain  to  be  well  conflrued  that  wav  ;  vet  whe- tiieit;  -jr1^  RACVM  and  the  Saxon  (q)  €upe-pic  Yupe-pic,  &c.  are  not  more  fenfibly  de¬ rived  from  a  Ration  or  town  on  the  river  Eure  or  litre  than  from  Kaer- Ebrauc  I  leave  to the  readers  judgment.  If  the  Welch ,  or  Cambro  Britons  as  they  are  called,  are  allowed  to have  yet  retained  the  language  of  the  primary  inhabitants  of  this  idand,  which  all  their hiltorians  wou  d  have  us  to  believe;  it  would  have  been  a  Itrong  teffimony  of  Geofn's venty  for  them  to  have  called  York  after  his  manner  at  this  day.  Humphry  Lhityd, then  learned  antiquary,  in  mentioning  the  Brigantine  towns  that  are  in  Ptolemy's  geo¬ graphy,  fays,  (r)  EBORACVM  is  well  known  to  be  the  very  fame  city  that  the  Bri- tons  call  Cacr-EJJroc,  the  Anglo  Saxons  Gueppyck  and  is  now  contracted  into  York.  Of  the reft,  adds  he,  it  is  uncertain.  But  Caer-EJfroc  and  Ebrauc  are  fomewhat  different  in found. Our  late  antiquary  Mr.  Baxter  (s)  conjectures  that  th  e  Roman  EBVRACVM  is  derived  from the \  Britijh  Lur,  vel  Ebr,  which  anfwers  to  the  Greek  ;  thence,  he  fays,  the  adjective is  formed  Evrauc,  aquofum,  watery;  and  the  Britijh  name  to  this  city  Caer-Evrauc, '  aquofa civitas,  a  watery  city.  This  grave  author  goes  on  fomewhat  pleafantly,  and  Ihys  that the  Latin  word  ebrius,  drunk,  figmfies  no  more  than  bene  madidus,  well  moiflened.  The neighbouring  river,  he  adds,  is  called  Eura ,  or  Ebura  ;  of  which  very  name  there  is another  river  in  France,  as  well  as  a  people  called  Eburones,  &c.  The  watery  fituation this  author  lpeaks  of,  will  fit  us  well  enough  ;  but  lam  not  fo  learned  in  the  Britijh  language* as  either  to  confirm  or  contradict  his  affertion.  Indeed,  after  all,  I  am  of  opinion  with  Buchanan in  this,  that  the  original  of  words  depends  noton  the  notions  of  the  wifer  fort,  but  on  the pJeafure  of  the  vulgar,  who  for  the  molt  part  are  rude  and  unpolifhed ;  and  therefore anxioufly  to  enquire  after  their  judgments  is  a  piece  of  needlefs  curiofity;  and  if  you fhould  find  out  what  they  mean,  it  would  not  be  worth  your  labour  (t). Thus  having  given  the  opinions  of  the  learned  upon  this  intricate  affair,  it  mull  be left  to  every  ones  thoughts  to  frame  out  of  them  his  own  conjecture.  I  muft  next  do  that juftice  to  York ,  which  Stovj  and  his  editor  Stripe  have  not  lcrupled  to  do  for  London  ;  which is,  to  tranferibe  out  of  our  aforecited  Britijh  hiRorian,  what  memorables  he  has  noted  re¬ lating  to  us,  and  do  that  honour  to  the  city  which  he  and  his  numberlefs  followers  have attefted  the  verity  of;  but  in  this  I  (hall  r:ot  pretend  to  adjull  the  different  chrono¬ logies. The  copyers  of  our  author  in  his  Britijh  hiRory  I  find  have  prettily  enlarged  upon  Ills fcheme  as  often  as  occafion  lerved.  So  Ebraucus ,  the  ever  renowned  founder  of  K-.nr- Ebrauc ,  is  faid  by  them  to  have  built  a  temple  to  Diana  in  his  city ;  and  fat  there  as  firR Arch- f  amen.  And,  he  had  fuch  a  refpeeff  for  the  city  he  had  planed,  that  af  ar  a  lon^ and  profperous  reign  over  the  Britons ,  he  chofe  to  die  and  order’d  his  body  to  be  buried in  it  (u).  As  was  his  fon  and  fucceffor  Brutus  firnamed  Greenjhield,  by  the  lame  authority ; but  to  thefe  particulars  Geofry  himfclf  is  filent. ( m)  Camden's  remains. (n)  Britannia. ( o)  Lelandi  collectanea. filter  ab  EBORACO  LONDINIUM  in Blandiniano [ed.]  Iter  ab  VBVRACO:  .S:  in  Neapolitan*),  ab  EBV- RACO.  Longoliani  Blandimanam  lectionem  praeferunt, &  EBVRACO  corrigunt.  Hiron.  Sunt.  not.  in  Anton. itin.  ed.  Gale. (q)  6a-ujie-pic.  i.  e.  callrum  ad,  vel  fecus,  3q;-.:,m URE.  Somner  i  Saxon  diit.'onarv. ( r)  Humph.  Lhuyd  frag  Brit,  delcriptio. (s)  Baxter's  glo/Iarium  antiquicat.  Brit,  vit'c  EEO- RACVM. ( t)  Buchan:  hift.  Scoriae. (u)  Fabian  and  Stole,  &c- 3 Some 5 Chap. I.  of  the  CITY  c/YORK. Some  time  after  the  death  of  the  former,  the  Briti/Jj  writer  tells  us  that  two  brothers  Belinus and  Brennus  jointly  ruled  in  Britain.  But  falling  at  variance,  (w)  Brennus  was  driven  out of  the  kingdom.  He  fought  aid  of  the  kings  of  Denmark  and  Norway the  former went  with  him  in  perfon,  and  the  latter  aflifted  him  with  troops  ;  and  landing  in  Northum¬ berland. ,  he  fent  his  brother  word  that  if  he  did  not  comply  with  his  demands  he  would deftroy  him  and  the  whole  ifland  from  fea  to  lea.  Belinus  upon  this  marches  againft him,  with  the  flower  of  the  kingdom  in  his  army,  and  found  his  brother  drawn  up  in  a wood  called  Calater  (x )  ready  to'rcceive  him.  The  fight  was  bloody  and  long,  becaufe,  fays my  author,  the  bravelt  men  were  engaged  on  both  lides,  and  fo  great  was  the  (laughter, that  the  wounded  fell  on  heaps,  like  Handing  corn  cut  down  by  the  reapers.  At  laft the  Britons  prevailed,  and  Brennus  was  forced  back  to  his  (hips  with  the  lofs  of  twenty thouland  men. In  this  battle  Guiltbdacns ,  king  of  Denmark ,  is  (aid  to  be  taken  prifoner ;  and  the  vic¬ tor  Belinus  called  a  conned  at  (y)  York  to  know  how  to  difpofe  of  him.  All  the  nobles  of the  kingdom  being  aflemblcd  at  the  afo.refaid  city,  it  was  agreed  that  the  king  Ihould  be fet  at  liberty,  on  condition  to  .hold  his  crown  of  the  king  of  Britain  and  likewife  to  pay him  an  (z)  annual  tribute.  Oaths  and  hoftages  being  taken  on  this  occafion,  the  Danijh monarch  was  releafed  from  prifon and  returned  into  his  own  countrey. The  next  we  find,  in  Monmouth's  hiflory,  wherein  our  fubjeCl  is  any  way  concerned,  is a  Brilijh  prince  called  Anbigallus .(  a  )  or  Arlogal ,  who  was  difpoflefied  by  his  nobles  of  crown  and dignity,  for  feveral  indirect  practices,  and  his  brother  Elidurus  put  up  in  his  (lead.  A very  remarkable  (lory  occurs  here,  which,  true  or  falfe,  will  claim  a  place  in  our  hif- tory. Arlogal  being  depofed,  as  has  been  (aid,  and  his  brother  advanced  to  the  crown,  wan¬ dered  about  a  fugitive  and  outlaw ;  and  having  travelled  over  feveral  kingdoms  in  hopes to  procure  aid  to  recover  his  loll:  dominions,  finding  none,  and  being  no  longer  able  to bear  the  poverty  to  which. he  was  reduced,  returned  back  to  Britain,  with  only  ten  men in  his  company,  with  a  deiign  to  repair  to  thofe  who  were  formerly  his  friends.  Elidure , who  had  been  five  years  in  pofleflion  of  the  kingdom,  as  he  happened  to  be  hunting  one day  in  the  wood  call’d  Calaterium ,  in  the  wildefl:  part  of  this  vail  foreft,  got  fight  of  his unhappy  brother,  and  forgetting  all  injuries  ran  to  him  and  affectionately  embraced  him. As  he  had  long  fecretly  lamented  his  brother’s  misfortunes,  he  took  this  opportunity  to endeavour  to  remedy  them.  He  conveyed  him  privately  to  the  city  Aclud ,  where  he hid  him  in  his  bed-chamber.  He  there  feigned  himfelf  fick,  and  fent  mefiengers  over  the whole  kingdom,  to  fignify  to  all  his  prime  nobility,  that  they  fhould  come  to  vifit  him. Accordingly,  when  they  were  all  met  together,  at  the  city  where  he  lay,  he  gave  orders that  they  Ihould  come  into  his  chamber  foftly  and  without  noife  ;  his  pretence  for  this was,  that,  fhould  they  all  croud  in  together,  their  talk  would  be  a  diffurbance  to  his  head. The  nobles  in  obedience  to  his  commands,  and  without  the  lead  fufpicion  of  any  defign, entered  his  houfe  one  after  another.  But  Elidure  had  given  charge  to  his  fervants,  who were  fet  ready  for  the  purpofe,  to  take  each  of  them  as  they  entered,  and  cut  pff  their heads,  unlefs  they  would  again  fubmit  themfelves  to  Artogal  his  brother.  Thus  did  he with  every  one  of  them  apart,  and  compelled  them  through  fear  to  be  reconciled  to  Artogal. The  agreement  being  ratifyed,  Elidure  conducted  his  brother  to  York,  where  he  took  the crown  off  his  own  head  and  fet  it  on  his  brothers  •,  which  rare  example  produced  as  won¬ derful  an  effeCt,  for  Artogal ,  after  his  reftoration,  we  are  told,  proved  a  moll  excellent governour,  and  after  a  mild  reign  of  ten  years,  he  died,  was  buried  at  York ,  and  Elidurus again  fucceeded  him. In  the  following  reigns  of  more  than  thirty  fucceflors  to  this  lad  prince,  the  BritiJfj  hif- tory  is  filent  to  any  thing  but  their  names,  and  fome  of  their  characters  ;  to  the  landing  of Caefar  in  Britain.  From  which  aera  we  tread  more  certain  Heps,  and  by  the  affiftance of  the  bell  hiftorical  guides  the  world  has  produced,  it  is  hoped,  I  may  be  able  to  fet  my fubjeCl  in  a  clearer  light.  For  whofo  will  frown  at  Monmouth's  (lory  and  call  it  all  dream and  fiftion ;  will  however  pay  fome  regard  to  the  teftimony  of  a  Tacitus,  a  Dion ,  or  an Herodian. (*>)  This  Brennus ,  our  author  would  have  us  believe, was  the  fame  perfon  who  led  the  army  of  the  confederate Gauls,  and  took  and  burnt  Rome  in  the  diftatorfhip  of Camil/us. (x)  Galtres  foreft  juxta  Ebor. (y)  Intra  Eboracum.  Gal.  Mon.  It  is  remarkable  that Geofry- never  calls  York  Kacr-Ebrauck,  but  once  through¬ out  his  whole  work. (z)  Fabian  and  Hollingjbead  have  thought  fit  to  aftign the  fum  of  1000/.  for  this  Tribute  ;  but  I  do  not  find  the original  mentions  it. (a)  Fabian  and  Stow,  in  their  chronicles,  mention  Ri- vallus,  GurguJHus  his  fon,  I  ago  or  Logo  and  Kimmacus , all  Kings  of  Britain,  and  all  before  Artogal,  to  be  buried at  Kaerbrauc.  But  fince  Geofry  is  filent,  this  mull  be  an improvement  on  his  fchemc. c It The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. It  will  not  be  amifs,  to  conclude  this  head,  to  prefent  the  reader,  at  one  view,  with  a lift  of  the  different  names  this  city  has  had,  with  the  different  authorities  for  them;  and firft. EBORACVM.  - -  - E&0%CL%0V .  - IV0gCt%0!/.  - B  ^lyavhov.  - - C1VITAS  BRIGANTIVM.  - - (b)  VBVRACVM  fc?  EBVRACVM.- KAER-EBRAVC.  l  _ CAIR-BRAVC.  1  _ _ CAIR-EFFROC.  - - Multis  tejtibus. Ptolemeus  in  opere  Geograph.  Ufher  de  primord. Ptol.  in  canon,  aflronomicis. Ptol.  in  magna  fyntaxi  lib.  2.  Ufher  de  prim. Tacitus  in  vita  Agricolae. Initin.  Antonini. r  Gal.  Mon.  Nennius/;; cat.  Ur  hi  urn Brit.ed. Gale. 1  Hen.  Hunt.  Alph.  Bever.  Harrifon,  &c. f  By  the  Britons  at  this  day.  TJ!  v  de  pri?n.  Vcr- 1  ftegan.  Humph.  Llhuyd. Saxonice. fSomner.  &  Chron.  Saxon,  ad  , I763,  780.  &c. Leland. Leland. Ortclius.  Harrifon. Girald  Cambrenfis. Harrilon’i  defeription  of  Britain. Selden’j  titles  of  honour. Lib.  Domefday. Knighton.  Hen.  Hunt.  R.  Hoveden. Record,  in  cujtodia  civiutn  Ebor.  cum  aliis. Chap.  II. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. 7 C  H  A  P.  II. Contains  the  f  ate  of  the  city  under  the  Roman  government  in Britain. AS  the  original  of  this  ancient  city  is  fo  much  obfcured  that  nothing  but  conjectural hints  can  be  given  of  it,  fo  likewife  the  affairs  of  the  whole  illand  want  the  fame illull ration  ;  and  we  are  no  more  in  the  dark  than  our  neighbours ,  till  the  times  that the  Romans  thought  fit  to  give  us  their  firft  vifit.  This  defcent  happened  on  the  Kentifh lhore,  and  as  Caefar  never  penetrated  fo  far  north  as  York,  it  cannot  be  expected  that any  account  of  our  city  can  be  found  in  that  noble  hiftorian.  Indeed,  what  he  does  relate concerning  the  cities  or  towns,  which  he  faw  in  Britain,  is  not  much  for  their  credit;  (a) the  inhabitants,  lays  he,  blew  nothing  of  building  with  Jtone  ;  but  called  that  a  town ,  which bad  a  thick  intangled  wood ,  defended  with  a  ditch  and  bank  about  it.  The  fame  kind  of  for¬ tification  the  Irifh  call  to  this  day.  a  Fajlnefs .  If  we  were  a  city  at  Cae far's  landing,  there  is no  room  to  doubt  but  that  this  muit  have  been  our  ftate ;  and  the  famous  Caleterium nanus,  or  the  t'oreft  mentioned  before,  might  have  ferved  for  great  part  of  its  fortifi¬ cation. I  fhall  not  carry  olf  my  readers  with  any  particularities  relating  to  the  Romans  firft  or fccond  landing  in  Britain  ;  nor  any  other  of  their  affairs  in  this  ifiand,  any  more  than  what I  think  confonantto  my  defign.  That  the  Britons  called  this  place  KAEK,  (b)  or  city, before  the  Romans  came,  I  prefume  will  hardly  be  denied.  Our  former  teftimony,  old Monmouth  writes  that  Cajfibelaun,  king  of  the  Trinobattles,  as  Caefar  himfelf  ftyjes  him,  ge¬ neral  ot  the  united  forces  of  the  ifiand,  after  making.a  peace  witli  the  Romans,  retired  to York,  died  and  was  buried  there,  (c).  The  (d)  Brigades,  as  the  more  northern  inhabitants oi  Britain  were  called,  certainly  muft  have  had- their  fortrelfcs,  and  muft  have  been  very  for¬ midable  in  thofe  days.  Elle  an  attack  upon  them  by  Pftitius  Cerialis  the  Roman  lieutenant, as  related  by  Tacitus ,  would  hot  have  ftruck  the  whole  ifiand  with  a  general  terror.  It  is true,  they  had  been  reduced  fome  time  before  by  Oftttrius  t  but  in  this  revolt,  they  had  ta¬ ken  care  to  fortify  themfelves  in  fuch  a  manner,  and  were  filch  a  numerous  'hardy  race  6f peoplfe,  that  they  were  thought  unconquerable  by  their,  countrymen.  I  ftiai]  not  take  upon me  to  mandate  Civitas  Brigantvm,  as  here  mentioned  by  Tacitus,  into  York  ;  I  am  a- ware  that  the  bell  commentators  on  that  author  agree  that,  Civitas  ought  to  be  underftood as  a  country  or  diftrift  quite  through  his  work.  It  is  indeed  a  word  of  great  latitude  ■ and  fince  I  fhall  have  occafion  to  mention  it  in  another  quotation,  from  a  Roman  hiftorian’ where  it  muft  be  allowed  me  that  it  abfolutely  fignifies  the  city  it  feif,  I  think  proper  hefe to  difeufs  a  little  this  fignificant  term.  1  r Urbs,  civitas,  and  oppidum,  were  words  which  the  Romans  made  ufe  of  to  denote  cities  add towns  of  greater  refort  and  more  immediate  command  in  the  empire.  The  firft  was  al¬ ways  Angularly  applied  to  the  great  city  it  felf,  and  never  to  any  other  place;  Oppidum cmeny  regarded  a  mercantile  fituation,  from  its  derivative  opes-,  whence  always  oppidum Londinn.  But  civitas  is  by  much  more  extenfive  than  either  of  them,  and  does  not  only  de¬ note  a  city,  but  a  place,  people,  conftitution,  cuftom,  laws,  religion,  and  every  thinv  an¬ nexed  to  its  ,unfdiftion  within  the  whole  province.  The  word  is  taken  from  civis  andW .  ’  whlch  are  the  fame  as  the  Greek  mxftni  and  us Amur.  And  may  be  underftood  as  a city  or  country,  inhabited  by  a  fet  of  people,  bound  by  laws  and  cuftoms  to  one  another '•)  UmmJ  Clv,tas  Helvetiae  in  quatuor  pages  divifa  eft,  fays  Caefar,  Switzerland  is  divid¬ ed  into  four  cantons.  And  Aldus  Gellius  writes  (f)  civitas  &  pro  loco ,  ft?  pro  oppido  IT pro  jure  quoque  omnium,  (ft  pro  hominum  multiludine  dicilur.  So  though  Rome  was  ftyled  urbs per  emmenttam,  yet  Athens  and  even  Conftantinople,  by  claflical  authority,  claim  but  the  title ot  oppida,  relpefting  the  buildings  only ;  for  it  never  includes  the  people,  as  Urbs  fome- times  does,  and  civitgs  always. 1  he  disputable  paflage  in  Tacitus,  which  I  here  contend  about  is  this,  (g)  (ft  terrorem ftatim  tntuht  Pet  ilivs  Cerialis,  Brigamtvm  civitatem,  quae  numehofijfma  provin- aae  totius  perhibetur,  aggreffus -,  mmla  proelia,  (ft  aliqmndo  non  momenta,  magnamque  Br, gantvm  partem  aut  yidlona  amplems  ant  bello.  Sir  H.  Savile  mandates  the  former  part  of this  fentence  thus,  the  general  ftruck  the  Britons  with  the  greateft  terror,  when  he  dur-ft A.  C. LXXVf. (a)  Caefaris  Com. (b)  De  nomine  Caer  vide  Ufher  de  primord.  p.  7 1 . The  Britijh  Caer  and  the  Saxons  Chejler  were  fynony- m°us.  See  Kennel's  parochial  antiq.  p.  688. (c)  In  urbe  Eboraco  fepultus.  Gal.  Mon. (d)  Bricantes,  whence  derived.  Confulc  Cam¬ den,  Buchan,  Baxter,  &c. (e)  Caef.  Com.  l.i.  c.  xii. (f)  -dull  Gel.  1.  xviii.  c.  vii. (g)  In  vita  Agricolae. make 8  the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book I. make  an  aflault  upon  the  city  of  the  Brigantines ,  which  was  then  efteemed  the  moft  populous of  the  whole  province.  A  late  (h)  tranflator  gives  it  this  turn,  ftruck  them  at  once  with  gene¬ ral  terrors,  by  attacking  the  community  of  the  Brigantes ,  now  whether  of  thele  are  in the  right  I  leave  it  to  the  learned  to  determine.  If  the  former,  we  may  with  great  affurance fet  it  down  for  the  city  of  Tork. But  a  Brilifh  fortrefs  is  not  worth  our  further  contending  for;  it  feems  to  be  much  more honour  to  us  to  derive  our  original  from  the  Romans  themfelves.  In  all  probability  this  was the  cafe  •,  for  York  being  placed  near  the  centre  of  the  ifland,  and  in  a  fpatious  and  fruit¬ ful  valley ;  naturally  ftrong  in  its  fituation,  and  having  a  communication  with  the  fafeft bays  and  harbours  on  the  German  ocean  •,  their  geography  and  policy  might  teach  them that  this  was  the  properefl  place  to  build  and  fortify.  Alcuin ,  a  native  of  this  city,  and who  lived  near  a  thouiand  years  agoe,  is  of  this  opinion  ;  and  has  left  us  this  teftimony  of  it, Hanc  Romana  mantis  muris ,  &  turribus ,  alta?n Fundavit  primo - Ut  jjeret  ducibus  fecura  potentia  regtti ; Et  decus  imperii ,  terrorque  hojtilibus  dr  mis. This  city,  firft,  by  Roman  hand  was  form’d. With  lofty  towers,  and  high  built  walls  adorn’d. It  gave  their  leaders  a  fecure  repofe  •, Honour  to  th’  empire,  terror  to  their  foes. The  authority  of  an  hiftorian  of  fo  antient  a  date  is  almoft  equal  to  a  Roman  one;  and without  doubt,  the  traditional  account  of  the  origine  of  this  city,  in  his  time,  was  luch  as he  has  related.  Befides,  the  fituation  of  York  is  very  agreeable  to  the  fite  of  antient  Rotne. For  (i )  Sigonius  writes  that  Fabius  left  a  picture  of  Rome ,  in  form  of  a  bow,  of  which  the  river Tyber  was  the  firing.  Whoever  furveys  the  ichnography  of  York,  in  the  fequel,  will  find it  anfwer  this  defcription  very  juftly.  And  what  is  on  the  weft  fide  the  river  Ouje  with  us, feems  to  agree  alfo  with  the  old  'Tranfiyberim  of  Rome.  It  is  probable  to  me  that  this  city was  firft  planted  and  fortified  by  Agricola  whofe  conquefts  in  the  ifland  ftretched  beyond York ;  and  that  great  general  might  build  here  a  fortrefs,  to  guard  the  frontiers  after  his return.  What  feems  to  add  to  the  probability  of  this,  is,  that  when  the  emperour  Hadrian came  into  Britain ,  to  infpeft  into  and  overlook  the  guards  and  garrifons  of  the  ifland;  and to  endeavour  the  conqueft  of  Caledonia  ;  he  was  diffuaded  from  the  attempt  by  lome  old foldiers  of  Agricola' s  that  he  met  with  at  York.  They  reprefented  that  part  of  the  ifland  to be  not  worth  his  conqueft;  the  war  more  laborious  than  honourable;  and  fhould  his  under¬ taking  be  crown’d  with  fuccefs,  that  it  wou’d  procure  no  great  advantage  to  the  empire. Thefe  veterans  had  had  their  fliare  of  the  Caledonian  expedition  under  Agricola  ;  and  did  not care  to  engage  the  emperour  in  a  new  attempt.  He  took  however  their  advice,  and  rather chofe  to  throw  up  a  long  rampart  of  earth  to  fecure  this  country  from  the  invafions  of  the more  northern  Britons ,  than  adventure  his  reputation  and  army  in  fo  hazardous  an  enter- prilef&T The  ableft  modern  hiftorians  all  agree  that  Hadrian  brought  into  Britain  with  him  in  this expedition,  the  fixth  legion;  ftyledLEGio  Sexta  Victrix.  At  his  departure  this  legi¬ on  was  ftationed  at  York  ;  not  only  to  keep  the  native  Britons  in  fubje&ion,  but  alfo  to  be in  readinefs,  with  the  other  auxiliaries,  to  oppofe  the  northern  invaders;  in  cafe  they fhould  attempt  to  overthrow  his  rampart.  We  can  trace  this  legion  in  this  particular  fta- tion  for  the  fpace  of  300  years  and  upwards.  Such  a  confiderable  body  of  men  being  inha¬ bitants  of  this  city  for  fo  long  a  time,  and  having  leave  to  marry  among  the  natives,  which they  moft  commonly  did,  might  make  a  York-man  proud  of  his  defcent.  For  fays  Cam-, den ,  in  his  refutation  of  the  Britijh  hiftorians,  if  the  Englijh  are  fo  fond  of  deducing  their original  from  the  Trojans ,  they  may  draw  it  a  better  way  than  from  Brute ,  viz.  from  the Romans  ;  who  certainly  fprung  from  the  Trojans  and  we  from  them.  (1)  Yet  the  fequel  of this  hiftory  will  much  abate  our  pride  in  this  particular,  and  too  truly  fhew,  that  had  we an  ocean  of  Roman  blood  amongft  us  formerly,  there  is  fufficient  occafion  to  believe  that the  laft  drop  has  been  drained  from  us  long  ago. It  is  not  improper  here  to  let  the  reader  underftand,  from  the  belt  authorities,  of  what number  of  men  a  Roman  legion  confiftcd.  As  alfo  the  civil  and  military  government of  them  during  their  refidence  with  us;  but  this  will  fall  apter  under  another  head  of  this work,  (m)  And  a  particular  difquifition  on  the  fixth  and  ninth  legions  may  be  met  with in  the  fequel  of  this. (b)  Gordon's  Tacitus.  b.iros  Romanofque  divideret.  Vit.  Hadrian!  inter  fir  if  t. ( i)  Car  Sigonius  bifloria  de  reg.  Italiae.  nug. \k)  Britanniam  pet  i  it,  in  qua  mult  a  cor  rex:  t,  murum-  <,/)  Camden's  remains. que  per  oBaginta  millia  pajuum  primus  dux  it  qui  Bar  ( m)  See  Chap.  vi. Circa  A.  C. LXXXX. A. CXXIV. 5 To Chap.  II.  of  the  Cl  TY  of  YORK. To  purfue  the  courfe  of  my  annals.  The  emperor  Hadrian  having  reduced  Britain  to obedience  and  planted  guards  and  garrifons  where  he  thought  convenient,  returned  to Rome where  he  foon  after  ftruck  coin,  with  this  inlcription  on  the  reverie,  RESTITV- TOR  BRITANNIAEfwJ.  I  come  next  to  Ihew  what  figure  our  city  bore  in  the  reigns of  his  fuccefiors. About  the  time  of  the  date  in  the  margin,  this  city  was  one  of  the  greateft  if  not  the molt  confiderable  ftation  in  the  province.  By  the  itinerary  afcribed  to  Antoninus,  which  1 lhall  have  occafion  to  treat  more  largely  on  in  the  fequel,  EBORACVM,  or  EBVRA- CVM,  occurs  in  all  its  northern  journeys,  and  frequently  with  the  addition  ofLEGIO VI.  VICTRIX  (oi).  This  adjunct,  lb  particular  to  our  city,  denotes  it  of  high  autho¬ rity  in  the  province  at  this  time ;  but  whether  the  itinerary  belongs  to  this  Antonine ,  or any  other  emperour  of  that  name,  I  fhall  examine  in  the  lequel. Under  the  government  of  Marcvs  Avrelivs,  Lvcivs,  a  Britijh  king,  is  faid  to have  embraced  chrifiianity.  And,  if  we  are  not  too  partial  to  our  country,  he  is  all'o  faid to  have  been  the  firft  crowned  head  in  the  world  that  declared  for  that  religion.  As  I  in¬ tend  to  treat  on  our  ecclefiaftical  affairs  under  another  head,  the  mention  of  this  monarch has  final!  fignification  here,  unlefs  I  fuppofe  him  living  under  the  Roman  protection  in  this city ;  for  though  the  Britijh  hiftorian  tells  us  that  he  died  at  Gloucejter ,  and  was  there  in¬ terred,  yet  the  fame  authority  allures  us,  that  his  father  Coilus  lived,  died,  and  was  buried at  York  ( p ).  In  the  death  of  this  Lucius ,  the  wonderful  line  of  Brute  failed,  after  they  had continued,  fays  an  hiftorian,  kings  of  this  ifiand  1300  years-,  and  it  opening  a  door  for many  claims,  the  nation  fell  into  a  bloody  civil  war  for  the  fpace  of  15  years  ( q ). In  the  reign  of  Commodvs  the  Caledonians  took  up  arms,  and  cut  in  pieces  the  Roman army,  commanded  by  an  unexperienced  general,  and  ravaged  the  country  in  a  terrible manner  as  far  as  York  (r).  The  whole  province  was  in  danger  to  be  over-run,  had  not  the emperor  immediately  lent  over  Marcellus  Ulpius ,  who  in  a  fmall  time  put  an  end  to  this feeming  dangerous  war,  and  drove  thole  reftlefs  fpirits  to  their  ftrong  holds  again.  At  his return  to  York ,  he  let  about  to  difcipline  the  Roman  army,  and  bring  it  to  its  antient ftriClnefs.  For  he  had  obferved  that  thefe  commotions  and  inroads  of  the  Caledonians , were  chiefly  owing  to  an  entire  neglebt  of  good  difcipline  amongft  his  men.  This  feverity the  army  took  fo  ill,  having  been  long  ufed  to  an  unbridled  licence,  that  though  Mar¬ cellus  got  fafe  to  Rome ,  his  fuccefior  Pertinax ,  following  his  fteps  with  the  fame  rigour and  military  difcipline,  had  like  to  have  loft  his  life  in  a  mutiny  of  the  ninth  legion.  In  all probability  this  mutiny  was  at  York  \  for  that  the  ninth  legion  was  there  in  ftation,  as  well as  the  fixth,  will  appear  by  what  follows.  But, We  come  now  to  an  hiftory  of  more  than  bare  probabilities  and  furmifes  in  the  life  of that  illuftrious  emperor  Severvs.  This  great  man,  in  the  thirteenth  year  ofhis  reign,  un¬ dertook  an  expedition  into  Britain ,  though  he  was  at  that  time  fomewhat  aged  and  clogged with  infirmities.  The  banifhed  Britons  had  been  fo  bold,  (s)  fay  their  hiftorians,  as  to  ad¬ vance  fo  far,  in  their  conquefts,  as  to  befiege  York-,  under  Fulgenius ,  or  Sulgenius ,  a  Scithian general-,  whom  they  had  drawn  over  to  their  aid,  in  order  to  drive  the  Romans  from  all their  conquefts  in  the  ifiand.  Suppofe  this  fo  far  true,  or  not,  it  is  certain,  by  Roman  au¬ thority,  that  Vi  r  i  vs  Lvpvs,  then  Propraetor  in  Britain ,  was  hard  put  to  it  to  defend  him- felf ;  for  Herodian  tells  us,  that  he  wrote  to  the  emperor  “  informing  him  of  the  infur- redtions  and  inroads  of  the  Barbarians,  and  the  havock  they  made  far  and  near,  and  beg- “  ing  either  a  greater  force,  or  that  the  Emperor  would  come  over  in  perfon.”  This laft  was  granted-,  Severus,  attended  with  his  two  fons  Caracalla  and  Geta,  his  whole  court, and  a  numerous  army,  arrived  in  Britain ,  in  the  year  207,  fiiy  fome  chronologers  but,  I find  the  particular  time  is  difputed  by  others. (/)  The  invaders,  being  apprifcd  of  this  great  armament  againft  them,  thought  fit  to retiic  noith  oh  Hadrian's  wall,  where  they  feared  no  enemy,  and  watch  another  opportunity. But  the  emperor  was  fully  determined  todeftroy  this  neft  of  hornets,  which  had  given  his predecefibrs  fo  much  trouble-,  and  he  no  fooner  found  that  they  were  retired  to  their  faft- nefies,  than  he  prepared  to  follow  them.  When  every  thing  was  got  ready  for  the  expe¬ dition,  he  marched  from  York  with  his  ion  Caracalla ,  but  left  Geta  in  that  ftation  to  admini- fter  juitice  till  his  return.  With  this  young  prince  he  joined  in  commifllon  TEmilivs Pavlvs  Pa  pi  ni  an  vs,  that  oracle  of  the  law,  as  he  is  juftly  ftyled,  as  an  aid  and  afli- ftant  to  him,  in  order  to  direcft  his  fteps,  and  fortify  his  youthful  levity.  Severus  was  60 years  of  age  when  he  undertook  this  expedition,  very  infirm,  and  crippled  with  the  gout (u),  inlomuch  that  he  was  carried  againft  the  Caledonians  in  an  horfe-litter.  But  being  a man  of  invincible  fpirit,  he  defpifed  the  danger,  and  bravely  overcame  it.  He  penetrated to  the  extremity  of  the  ifiand,  fubduing  thole  fierce  and  barbarous  nations,  hitherto  uncon- quered.  But  knowing  that  he  could  not  keep  them  in  fubjedtion,  without  a  ftrong  army (n)  Mediobarbj  imp.  Rom.  num.  p.  177. (*)  Itin.  Antonini. (p)  Geofry  Mon. (?)  Languor  t's  Chronicle. ft)  See  Raprne'p  hilt,  of  England.  Dion.  Caff. (;)  Geof  Mon.  Johan  For  dun  hill.  Scotiae  inter  feript. v.  ed.  Gale. (/)  Dion.  Caffius,  Herodian. (u)  Sc/nx  et  pedibm  ncgcr.  Spartian  in  vita  Severi, inter  feript.  rei  a/eg. D 9 A. CL. A. CLXXX. A. ccvir. vel CCVIIJ. upon IO The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. upon  thcfpot;  he  took  hoftages  of  them,  and  chofe  rather  to  build  a  ftone  wall,  of  above eighty  miles  in  length,  and  of  great  ftrength,  in  the  place  where  his  predecelfor  Hadrian had  thrown  up  his  rampart  of  earth.  Sevens  is  faidby  Dion,  to  have  loft  50000  men  in  this expedition,  not  flain  by  the  enemy,  but  ftarved,  killed  and  drowned,  in  cutting  down woods,  draining  of  bogs,  and  the  like. The  credit  of  the  Britijh  hiftorian  here  falls  to  the  ground,  when  fet  in  oppofition  to  the Roman  writers.  Geofry  lays,  that  Fulgenius  being  beaten  by  Sevens ,  at  his  landing,  fled into  Scythia ,  where  he  got  together  a  mighty  army,  and  returned  into  Britain.  That  he befieged  York ,  whilft  the  emperor  was  in  it ;  and  in  a  battle  before  the  city  Sevens  was (lain,  and  Fulgenius  mortally  wounded.  John  For  dun,  the  antient  chronicler  of  Scotland , writes  much  the  lame  •,  but  Bede ,  an  antienter  hiftorian  than  either  of  them,  follows  the Roman  account,  which  no  doubt  is  the  trueft. Sevens  left  his  fon  Caracalla  in  the  north,  to  infped  the  building  of  the  wall,  and  re¬ turned  to  York.  Here  he  took  upon  himfelf,  and  ftamped  upon  his  coin  the  title  of  BRI- TANICVS  MAXIMVS  (x),  as  conqueror  of  the  whole  ifland.  He  lived  more  than  three years  in  the  Praetorian  palace  of  this  city  ;  for  Herodian  writes,  that  fome  years  after  his firrt  coming  to  it,  he  and  his  fon  Caracalla  fit  in  the  Praetorium,  and  gave  judgment, even  in  very  common  cafes,  as  in  that  of  Sicilia,  about  the  recovery  of  right  of  pofief- fion  of  Haves  orfervants.  This  refeript  or  law  is  Hill  preferved  in  the  C ode, °  to  the  great glory  and  renown  of  this  city,  as  Burton  rightly  exprefies  it,  dated  from  thence,  with  the names  of  the  confuls  of  that  year;  nor  can  I  forbear  to  publifh  it,  adds  that  author,  as  the gallantejl  monument  of  antiquity,  which  it  hath  (y). -  '  /  tit  TfTIAM  per  alienum  fervum  bona  fde  poffcJJ'um  ex  re  ejus  qui  eum  poffidet,  vel  cx  opens :  I  in,  fcrvi  a<hutri  dominium  vel  obligationem placuit .  Flu  are  J]  tu  quoque  bona  fide  pojfidifii  eun- 1:  jtiine.  dem  fervum,  et  ex  nummis  tuis  mancipia  eo  tempore  comparuit,  potes  fecundum  juris  formam  uti defenfionibus  tuis.  Mancipium  autem  alienum  mala  fide  poffidenti  nil  potefl  acquirers,  fed  qui  te¬ net  non  tantum  ipfum  fed  etiam  operas  ejus,  nec  non  ancillarum  partus  et  animalium  foetus  reddere cogitur.  " ,1.  P.  P.  III.  NON.  MAIL  EBORACI  FAVSTINO  ET  RVFO  COSS. CCXI. If  Burton ,  in  a  general  account  which  he  wrote  of  the  ifland,  could  think  it  necefiary to  publilh  this  whole  edift  or  law,  I  fuppofe  I  may  eafily  be  forgiven,  who  am  obliged  to be  as  particular  as  poflible  in  the  courfe  of  thefe  annals.  The  reader  may  obferve,  that there  is  nothing  in  the  refeript  itfelf  to  my  purpofe;  but  the  fimftion  and  date  are  of  fueh great  moment  in  this  affair,  that  it  claims  a  thorough  difeuffion. P.  P.  is  underftood  by  Urfatus  to  denote  pofuit  praefettus  ( z ) ;  by  which  it  appears,  that Caefar  enabled,  and  the  praefett  or  judge  of  the  court  enrolled  and  gave  a  fantftion  to  it. Who  this  Civilian  was,  has  been  already  taken  notice  of,  but  will  require  greater  hereafter. The  date  runs  from  the  third  ol  the  nones  oil  May,  or  May  Fauflinus  and  Rufus  then  confuls. (1 a )  Some  of  our  rhronologers,  efpecially Ifaacfon,  make  this  to  fall  anno  ab  urbe  cond.  963.  or anno  Dorn.  210.  Sir  Henry  Savile  anno  21 1.  Sevcrus  is  faid  to  have  died  pridie  non.  Febru- arii ,  or  Feb.  5,  anno  Dom.  212;  fo  that  according  to  this  calculation  the  emperor  muft have  lived  in  Britain  near  two  or  three.  Our  city  claims  the  honour  of  his  refldence  in  it  molt of  this  time  ;  for  we  can  trace  him  no  where,  but  either  on  his  more  northern  expedition,  or at  Eboracvm. It  was  at,  or  about,  this  period  of  time,  that  our  city  fhone  in  full  luftre;  Britannici orbis  ROMA  ALTERA,  Palativm  Curiae,  and Praetorivm  Caefaris  (b)  are  titles  it might  juftly  lay  claim  to.  The  prodigious  concourfe  of  tributary  kings,  foreign  ambaf- fadors,  &c.  which  almoft  crowded  the  courts  of  the  fovereigns  of  the  world,  when  the R.oman  empire  was  at  or  near  its  prime,  muft  bring  it  to  the  height  of  fublunary  gran¬ deur.  And  this  without  mentioning  the  emperor’s  own  magnificence,  his  numerous Tetinue,  the  noblemen  of  Rome,  or  the  officers  of  the  army,  which  muft  all  neceflarily attend  him. The  reader  will  excufe  me  if  I  dwell  longer  on  this  pleafing  fubjedt  than  the  courfe  of thefe  annals  may  feem  to  allow  of:  for,  before  I  bring  this  great  man  to  his  end,  I  muft premife  whatever  remarkabies  1  find  recorded  concerning  him,  whilft  he  lived  in  this city. In  this  emperor’s  days,  and  before,  no  doubt,  the  temple  of  BELLONA  ftood  here. This  Goddels  of  war  the  heathens  feigned  to  be  the  lifter  or  wife  of  Mars.  Camden  fays, “  it  was  looked  upon  as  a  great  prefage  of  the  emperor’s  death ;  that  at  his  entrance  into “  the  city,  and  willing  to  do  lacrifice  to  the  Gods,  he  was  met  and  milled  by  an  ignorant “  Augur,  to  the  temple  of  Bellona,  if fc.”  Spartian,  from  whom  our  antiquary  quotes, in  accounting  for  the  many  prefages  and  bodements  which  feemed  to  foretel  the  death  of (x)  Mcdiobarb.  imp.  Rom.  num.  p.  279. (y'i  Burton's  itin.  Antonini. (••)  Sertoriui  Urfatus  de  notis  Romavorum. ..)  Anno  ab  v.  cond.  MCCCCLXIII.  i.e.  A.  D. CCXI.  Marcus  Acilius  Fauftinu:  C.  Caefonius  Mactr  Ru fianus  Cojf.  call’d  fo  in  Sir  H.  Savite's  Chron.  but  Faufli- nus  and  Rufus  in  Chron.  Aur.  Caffiodor. (b)  Atcus/i.Ebor.  Le/andi  Coll.  t.  \  i. Severus. Chap  II.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. Sevens hath  this  remarkable' paflage,  which  I  lhall  give  in'-his  own  words  (c)  et  in  Cl VI- TATEM  veniens,  qnum  rent  divinam  Veiled  fqcere,  primum  ad  BELLONAE  TEM- PLVM  difhrs  eft  errore  ‘Ariljpicis  rujlici-,  deinde 'kojliae  farvaf  flint  applicitae,,  quod  eum  effet dfpcrmtusf  Clique  ad  PALATIVM  fe  reciperet,  negligentia  mimjlreruin,  nigrae  hoftiae  ufque  ad limed  domus  V  Al.ATXFl'kEfl^initaefunt-,  which  maybe  rendered  into  Engli/h  thus:  At his  coming  into1  the  city,1  being  de'firousto  give  thanks  to  the  gods,  he  was  led  by  an ignorant  foothfayer  to  the  temple  of  Bellona ;  presently'  black  (acrifices  were  ordered,  which when  rejected,  and  the  ttiperpr  went  on  to  his  palace ,  by  the  negligence  of  his  attendants thefe  dark  offerings  followed  him  even  to  the  boor  of  the  imperial  palace. Toconfider  this  quotation,  from  our  Roman  '  author,  thoroughly,  which  is  fo  expreffive in  our  favour  and  tends  fo  much  to  the 'glory  of  our  city,  I  ihould  begin  with  Ci  vitas But  that  word  has  been  fufficiently  diicuffcd'  before  ;  and  I  fhall  only  fay  here  of  it,  that as  in  this  fentence  it  muff  mean  the  city  ilfelf,  fo  by  givipgqt  no  adjunft,  which  tiie  au¬ thor  thought  there  was  not  any  occafion  for,  it  iridifputably  proves  this  city  to  be  the  head of  the  province  in  th’cfe  days. That  the  temple  ofBELLoNA  flood  here  is  alfo  evident  from  the’foregoing  paflage  ;  a  tem¬ ple  built  no  where  but  in  Rome  it  lei f,  or  in  the  principal  cities  of  the  empire.  For  here it  ferved,  as  in  the  great  city,  to  denounce  war  from  a  pillar  before  it,  Bellona  is  called the  goddefs  of  war;  before  whofe  temple,  as  a  Roman  author  writes, :  flood  a  little  pillar, called  the  martial  pillar,  from  whence  a  fpear  was  thrown  when  war  was  declared  againft an  enemy  (d).  The  bed  account  that  can  be  now  met  with  of  this  martial  temple  Ovid gives  us,  who  is  very  exalt  as  to  its  fituation  and  ufe.  His  words  are  thefe Hac facrata  die  Tufco  Bellona  duello Dicilur . . Profpicit  a  tergo  fummum  brevis  area  Circum, EJl  ubi  non  parvae  parva  Columna  notae  ; Hint  [olet  hetfla  manu  belli  praenuniia ,  mini ; In  regem  iff  gentes  cum  placet  arum  capi.  Fafli  lib.  vi. Thus  imitated. Behind  the  Circus  is  a  temple  feen, (Sacred  to  thee,  Bellona ,  warlike  queen,) In  whofe  fhort  court,  behold!  a  pillar  rife Of  great  remark,  though  of  the  fmallelt  fize  ; For  hence  the  fpear  projected  does  prefage ’Gainft  kings  and  nations  war  and  hoftile  rage. The  cirque  here  mentioned  was  the  circus  Flaminiits,  which  antiently  lay  near  the  pond Carmentalis ,  (e)  without  the  city;  fo  that  this  temple  flood  betwixt  the  cirque  and  the gate,  upon  a  publick  highway;  that  of Janus,  or  the  temple  of  peace,  being  dole  "to  it In  the  area ,  or  piazza" s,  of  Bellona’ s  temple  was  a  final!  marble  pillar  ereCted;  1  fuppofe it  called  parva,  in  comparifon  to  the  many  (lupendous  pillars  of  an  enormous’ fize  which once  adorned  that  famous  city.  From  this  pillar,  as  the  poet  indicates,  was  a  fpear call,  it  is  faid  by  the  Conful,  when  war  was  declared  againit  a  nation.  Whatever  was  done at  Rome  in  regard  of  this  ceremony,  the  fame  we  may  prefume  was  executed  at  York  ■  for the  temple  mufl  ferve  For  the  fame  purpofe  in  one  place  as  the  other.  Now,  in  order  to fix  on  a  fituation,  in  or  about  our  city,  where  it  maybe  fiippofed  this  temple  once  flood it  will  be  proper  to  examine  more  clofely  where  the  fite  of  it  was  in  Rome. (f)  Donatus  has  proved  by  many  quotations,  of  unqueilionable  authority,  that  the  circus Flaminiits  was  without  the  city  ;  and  Ovid  above  acquaints  us  that  this  temple  was  on'  the back  of  the  cirque,  and  only  feparated  by  a  harrow  court,  where  the  martial  pillar  ftood It  was  here  they  ufed  to  give  audience  to  foreign  ambaffadors,  fays  Publius  Vidor  when they  would  not  admit  them  into  the  city  (g).  And  it  was  here  alfo,  they  entertained  their generals,  after  their  return  from  performing Tome  fignal  fervice  abroad  (h).  1  aflly  Vi truvius  is  very  expreffive  about  it,  when  he  fays  that  the  temple  of  war  was  built  out  of the  city,  left  it  ffiould  ftir  up  amongfl  the  citizens  any  civil  diffenfions  (i)  By  ail (i-)  AElius  Spartianus  in  Severn,  inter  feriptores  hill. Aug. (d)  Bellona,  dicebattir  dea  bellorum,  ante  eu jus  tan- plum  erat  columnella ,  quae  bellica  vocabatur,  fupra  quam baflam  jaciebat  cum  bcllum  indicebatur.  Sextus  Poin- peius.  Vide  notas  in  ulum  Delph. ( e)  Portae  urbis  quae  jam  non  extant  antiqiiijf.  qua- tuor  ;  inter  qttas  tertia,  vacatur  Carmentalis,  &  aliis  no¬ minibus  Tarpeia,  {if  Scelerata,  £sf  Veientana,  {if,  ut  ex Plinio  conjicipoteft,  lib.  viii.  Ratumena.  Julius  Lipliusrw/. Roman,  defer  ip  t. (f)  Roma  veins  ac  recens  &c-  aublnre  Alex.  Donato. Romae  1639.  Et  in  colleftione  Graevii  v.  3. (g)  Per  Hum  fa:  at  ulum  memorat  atra  aedem  Bellonae, in  circo  Flaminio,  ubi  dabatur  fen  at  us  legal  is  quos  in urbem  admitterc  nolebant.  Pub.  Vidor.  Senatus  Marcello ad  aedem  Bellonae  datus  eft,  poftulavit,  ut  triumphant i urbem  mire  liceret.  Livius. (h)  P.  Scipioni,  Jen  at u  extra  urbem  dato  in  aede Bellonae. (1)  Templum  Martls  extra  urban  eollocatur,  ne  fit  inter eives  belligera  diftentio.  Vitruvius. which I  % 1  i The Stc  plate  viii fig.  i. HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES Book  I. which  authorities  it  plainly, proves,  that  this  temple  was  erefted  out  of  one  of  the  c, Romc,  and  we  mult  fuppofe  that  it  had  fhe  fume  flotation  at  Tori  SatCS  at By  confidenng  the  laid  quotation  from  Spar  ■Ha,:,  with  one  antecedent  from  r!  „  r author,  it  wilt  appear  that  the  entrance  into  the  city,  there  mention^  vv  ™ his  northern  expedition  •,  and  his  giving  directions  for  the  build  in  a  nf  l  •  ■  !  Sejtrus So  coniequently  it  muft'be  the  fecond  time,  at  lead,  that  He  had  vifited  it  ^  Th8^  T^1- Sparum  are  thefe,  ToJl  muhrn  aid  vallum  mjfum  in  Britannia,  auum  ad  t oximlnl^  °f rediret,  non  fdum  victor,  fed  eti am  in  aetennm  pace  fun  dm  TV?  V ma»J‘onem byiome  hiltorians  beenfnterpreted  r0r  ™  Keither^ '  he' fenT T* d.gmty  of  expreflion  will  allow  of  it.  It  was  only  a  proper  houfe  or  ftadon  rh“  T  ° perorrefted  at  in  his  return  to  the  city,  and  it  was  here  he  met  rh’e  firftl  d  ’  h  he  env which  Sparlian  relates  (k.  The &  in  civitatem  vemens ,  &V.  as  has  been  before  recited  Tr  win  i  a  ,  ,  c  fe-Jf, moft  unlucky  adventure  that  could  have  happened  to  a'  fuorrfl-if!  1  h  fUmbl^i  urion  the from  what  he  thought  an  enure  conmieft Pf„ T  luperft.uous  heathen,  )uft  returning have  it,  thefe  black  cattle,  kept  in  that  temple  for  ficrLes  to  the  goddeft  of  ”  T’"  T negligence  of  his  retinue,  followed  the  emperor  even  to  the  door  of Ih  ^  the it  J  be  Ibrufb/tmhef  iht7he°gmnd  4^“™  mjntionefeiel"”"  d ISVRIVM,  a,0tatgSt Roman  architecture  as  Michkfatdbar,  another ^  Ate  of  the^ver^ A*  f°  “"“i?  V"0* of  the  gr:n  kind,  with  which  ft  is  built  up S-f  tlT  rowifwas"  verf  confideralale  "*  “  "£****  ^ cu,r  ptce  fsgfc  7^r'^2s  r  r  irn  i parti- .  he  fuppofed  this  temple  was  fituated  at  Rome-,  which  I  have  caufalT  h  1  h°lW reader’s  greater  fatislaffion.  By  comparing  this  plan  to  which  heh  bc  C°P‘ed  to''  che w.ll  appear  to  Hand  north  weft  from  the  gate  aforementioned  And  ft'Mv'one'wTconfi' der  the  plan  of  our  city  at  the  fame  time,  given  in  the  fennel  rho  L  „  C0  .  " us,  he  will  find  muft  have  been  near  where  the  abby  of  St  Maries  or  rh  '  °  Bellom„  Wltl» The  gate,  the  city  walls,  and  the  river  have  a  very  neaffnSli tude  rf  o  "“""“L*  "°Wrft“ds- where  could  a  temple  dedicated  to  the  goddefs  of  war  more  properly' ftand^than  V™7, in"^r,nftthebOUeft’  »d.  at  ^ength^  the  only'enemie^tliey^ad theTe^whyUacf  ^rifi^e  “‘b  T  ■“ author.  It  being  fomewhat  foreign  to  my  fZft  0  of  The  ’  h  7  ^  'Sf",,", that this  temple  therefore,  with  a  remark,  that tKluckv ™cn  of  f' ,  1 zacasasa?  .sstsssss. The  palace  at  York,  has  here  iwTex^'ffiT  Tmes  toTeCe’  fTf  "T  ^  !!*"“  "" reafonably  luppofe  that  it  was  reedified  or  rather  firft  built  for  rfi?  em.w  -  ?"d  WC  n“y «,2  thhe  ,words  i^^'y  foiiowi4n; (k)  Volvens  arrimo  quid  ominis  fibi  occurrcret,  AEtbi- cpi  quidam,  a  nttmero  militari,  clarae  inter  /cur  r  as  famae f  telebratarum  fimfer  jocorum,  cum  corona  a  cupre/Tu fatla,  e idem  occur r it.  Quern  quurn  ille  iratus  remover i ub  oculis  praecepiffet,  Iff  colons  ejus  taftus  omine  iff  co¬ rona,  dixij/e  ille  dicitur  joci  caufa, Totum  fuifti,  totum  vicifti,  jam  deus  efto  viftor opartian.  in  Severo. (1)  I ’operator,  s  aides  Palatium  tiorninatur,  non  quod  it  a ihqumi,  d,««um  fit,  j,d  ,u,d  in  Palaiii.a  Aagullu, v-aeiar  hubttabat',  ibique  praetorium  ejus  erat,  ac  dor/ut "  r“n,‘<  pr°ptm.t  pint:  Romulus' hsbi ~di el nultum fpltndorij  , unfit.  Idtequ,  etium  ft  alibi  „i 1  ‘  aa'  •  it,  tamn,  id  imu  palaiii men  obtinet.  Dion.  Call',  lib.  53.  '  V The Chap. II.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. The  officio,  palatini,  or  royal  courts  and  appartments,  which  were  included  within  the palace,  were  very  extenfive  and  large;  among  which  was  the  PRAETORIVM  (m),  or judgment  hall,  as  our  Englijb  bibles  mandate  the  word.  The  baths  mud:  alfo  have  had  a great  lhare  in  the  building.  The  ground  which  this  imperial  palace  may  be  fuppofed  to have  flood  on,  in  our  city,  extends  as  I  take  it  from  Cbrift-churcb  down  through  all  the houfes  and  gardens  on  the  eaft  fide  of  Gothram-gate  and  St .Andrew-gate,  through  the&- ieni  to  0lOtoarB.  Which  laft  name  ftill  retains  fome  memorial  of  it.  Chrifi  Church  is called  in  all  ancient  charters  ctclclta  IVmctC  fnmtatfs  in  CvriaRecis,  Saxonice,  coning g  pth,  or  king’s  yard.  Conjlantine  the  great,  as  we  ihall  find  hereafter,  is  faid  to  have been  born  in  Bederna  Civilatis  Eboraci  ;  and  Confiantius  his  father  to  be  laid  in  the new  demolifhed  church  of  St.  Helen  on  the  wall  in  Aldwark.  Gutbram  or  Gothram  was  the name  of  a  Diutijb  king,  or  general,  who  was  (n)  governour  here  after  their  conquefts ;  and probably  gave  his  name  to  the  ftreet  contiguous  to  the  regal  palace.  That  the  Saxons  and Danis  made  ufe  of  the  Roman  buildings  for  their  chief  habitations,  in  other  places  as  well as  this,  will  appear  in  the  fequel. But  to  return  to  our  annals. Sauer  as  was  now  drawing  near  his  end,  his  former  robuft  conftitution  being  quite  broken with  defeafes,  and  his  firm  mind  at  length  giving  way  to  the  cares  of  empire.  The  dilfolutenefs he  obferved  in  his  eldelt  fon  was  likewife  a  great  grief  to  him  ;  and  muft  give  a  Ihock to  his  conftitution.  This  young  prince  difeovered  an  inhuman  nature  very  early  ;  which, joined  with  his  vaft  ambition  to  be  1'ole  ruler,  made  him  more  than  once  attempt  the  life of  him  that  begot  him.  It  was  in  this  city  however  that  the  great  and  warlike  Sevens  met his  late,  with  that  intrepidity  as  became  fo  great  a  foldier.  It  was  here  that  he  chiefly refided  for  lome  years  after  his  coming  into  the  ifland;  it  was  here  that  he  triumphed for  one  of  the  greateft  conquefts  the  Romans  ever  gained,  and  which,  with  the  building  ofthe wall  Spartian  expreffly  calls  the  greateft  glories  of  his  reign.  Old  age  and  chronical  diftem- pers  did  not  advance  upon  him  fo  fall,  but  that  he  might,  after  he  had  fettled  Britain, have  ended  his  days  in  Rome,  had  he  chofeit.  But  this  feems  to  have  been  his  favourite place  ;  and  his  chufing  to  die  here,  when  he  had  all  the  cities  of  the  empire  to  go  to,  if  he pleafed,  will  be  a  lading  honour  to  EBORACVM. (o)  A  little  before  the  death  of  Sevens  the  Caledonians  again  took  up  arms;  and  attacked the  Roman  garrifons  on  the  frontiers.  This  put  the  emperor  into  fuch  a  fury  that  he loft  all  patience,  and,  believing  Britain  could  not  be  fafe  till  the  whole  race  of  thefe  peo- ple  were  deftroyed,  he  fent  out  his  legions  with  pofitive  orders  to  put  man  woman  and “'Id  t0  the  fwojd-  Thefe  orders  were  given  them  at  Turk,  and  were  expreffed  in  two Greek  verfes,  which  carry  this  bloody  meaning. Let .  none  efcape  you  ;  fpread  the  Jlaughter  wide  j Let  not  the  womb  the  unborn  infant  hide From  jlaughers  cruel  hand. But  fcarce  were  they  begun  to  be  put  in  execution  when  the  emperor  found  his  own death  approaching. A  truly  great  man  is  not  fully  known,  fays  the  philofopher,  till  you  fee  his  latter  end  • and  here  this  admirable  heathen  finilhed  the  courfe  of  a  glorious  life  by  as  exemplary  a death  Dion  relates  of  him  that,  lying  on  his  death-bed,  to  his  lateft  gafp  of  breath,  he bLified  himfelf  and  counfellors  with  fettling  the  empire  on  as  fure  a  bafis  as  polfible.  His laft  words  ot  advice  to  his  Tons  whom  he  left  joint  emperors,  were  nervous  and  noble. I  leave  you,  my  Antonines,  (p)  a  firm  and  fteady  government  if  you  will  follow  my  fteps “  aLnd  Prove  what  y°l>  ought  to  be;  but  weak  and  tottering  if  otherways.  ”  “  Do  every f 'nSth;u  c0”du“f'!°  ?tllers  S°°d-  ” - Cherilh  the  foldiery  and  then  you  may delpife  the  reft  of  Mankind.  ” - “  A  difturbed,  and  every  where  diftrafted,  repub- Jick  I  found  it ;  but  to  you  I  leave  it  firm  and  quiet: - even  to  the  Britons.  ”  Then turning  to  his  friends  he  fhewed  the  philofopher  in  thefe  words,  “  I  have  been  all  ■ _ and “  ^  ?m  "°*  be“fr  hot  h.  ”  Alluding  to  his  rife  from  a  low  beginning  through  all theftauons  of  life.  Then  calling  for  the  urn  which  was  to  contain  his  afhes,  after  the Vffilegium  or  burning  of  his  body,  and  looking  fteadily  upon  it.  “  Thou  ftialt  hold lays  he,  “  what  the  whole  world  could  not  contain.  ”  His  laft  words  were,  “  is  there “  “ythtng  elfe,  my  triends,  that  I  can  do  for  you?”  thus  gallantly  dying,  fays  an (m)  For  the  form,  extent,  of  the  Roman  PRAE¬ TORIVM,  fee  Juft  us  Lipfsus  in  anti  quit  at.  Roman. ieferiptione. ( n)  See  the  annals  A.  899. (9)  Dion  &  Herodian  in  Severe. (p)  dntonine  was  then  a  darling  name  of  the  Romans; and  for  that  reafon  Severus  had  given  it  to  both  his  fons. But  the  elded  proved  fuch  a  fad  wretch,  that  the  fenate made  a  law  that  the  name  fhould  never  be  made  ufe  of for  the  future. E  author? 4 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book I. author,  I  fhall  ufe  the  poets  words  on  Achilles  to  Severus ,  who  as  far  furjpafled  that  feigned hero  as  true  hiftory  does  romance  ( q ). - de  tarn  magno  reft  at  Achille Nefcio  quid,  part} am  quod  vix  bene  cotnpleat  ttrnam  : At  vivit  totum ,  quae  gloria  compleat  orbem. What’s  left  of  great  Severus  fcarce  will  fill The  fmalleft  urn.  Whofe  glory,  when  alive, Thro’  the  whole  world  diffus’d  the  fulleft  lultre. As  his  whole  life,  fo  did  his  death,  and  even  his  funeral  obfequies,  altogether,  contri¬ bute  to  render  the  name  of  this  great  prince  immortal.  The  laft  were  folemniz’d  at  a fmall  diftance  from  the  city  ;  and  have  left  fuch  a  teftimonial  as  will  make  the  place  fa¬ mous  to  all  pofterity.  We  are  told  that  the  body  of  this  martial  emperor,  was  brought out  in  a  military  manner  by  the  foldiers  •,  that  it  was  habited  in  a  foldier’s  drefs,  and  laid  on a  molt  magnificent  pile,  erefted  for  that  purpofe,  to  burn  him  on.  His  fons  firft  put  the lighted  torch  to  it,  and  when  the  flames  afcended,  the  pile  was  honoured  with  the peridromey decurfion  or  riding  round  it  by  the  young  princes,  his  chief  officers  and  foldiers  (r). This  kind  of  Roman  funeral  ceremony  is  elegantly  defcribed  by  Virgil. Ter  circum  accenfos ,  cinttk fulgentibus  armis Decurrere  rogos  ;  ter  moeftum  funeris  ignem Luftravere  in  equis. Then  thrice  around  the  burning  piles  they  run Clad  in  bright  armour.  Thrice  the  mournful  flame They  encompaffed  on  horfeback. After  the  body  of  the  emperor  was  confumed  in  the  flames,  his  afhes  were  collefted, and,  with  fweet  odours,  put  into  a  porphyrite  urn.  This  was  carried  to  Rome  and  depofi- ted  in  the  Capitol ,  in  the  monument  of  the  Antonines.  He  had  afterwards  the  extraordi¬ nary  ceremony  of  the  Apotheofis ,  or  deification,  conferred  upon  him  by  the  fenateand  peo¬ ple. But  that  the  memory  of  him  might  laft  in  Britain  as  long  as  the  world,  his  grateful  ar¬ my  with  infinite  labour,  raifed  three  large  hills  in  the  very  place  where  his  funeral  rites were  performed.  Which  hills  after  fo  many  ages  being  wafhed  with  rains,  and  often  plow¬ ed  are  ftill  very  apparent ,  but  muft  have  been  much  higher  than  they  are  at  prefent.  Su¬ etonius  tells  us,  that  the  foldiers  in  Germany  raifed  an  honorary  tomb  to  the  memory  of Drufus ,  though  his  body  had  been  carried  to  Rome  and  depofited  in  the  Campus  Mar tius  (s). Such  kind  of  Tumuli ,  or  Cumuli ,  fepulchral  hills,  were  raifed  by  the  Romans  at  vaft  trouble and  expence,  over  their  men  of  higheft  note,  in  order  to  eternize  their  memories.  No fort  of  monument,  of  which  they  had  feveral,  can  poffibly  fubfift  longer ;  for  nothing but  an  earthquake  can  deftroy  them.  Seneca  fpeaks  of  them  in  this  manner,  caelera  funt quae  per  conftruttionem  lapidum,  &  marmoreas  moles,  &  terrenos  tumulos  in  magnam  eduftos celfitudinem  conftant. It  has  been  objected  to  me  that  thefe  hills  feem  to  be  natural  ones,  and  indeed  the  plough has  contributed  very  much  to  that  appearance  of  them.  But  we  have  undoubted  teftimony, both  hiftory  and  tradition,  to  affure  us  that  they  have  born  the  name  of  Severus’s  hills  for many  ages.  Mr.  Camden  quotes  Radulphus  Niger  for  faying  they  were  in  his  time  called the  jibcbercs  (f  )•  Radulpb  de  diceto ,  an  earlier  hiftorian  than  the  former,  following  the Britijh  ftory,  writes  thus,  fed  eo  tandem  a  Pittis  perempto  requiefcit  Eboraci ,  in  monte  qui  ab  eo £>et)cn3?t)0  vo  cat  us  eft(u).  But  Severus  being  flain  by  the  Pitts  at  York,  was  buried  in  a  hill called  from  him  ^ctjcrs^o.  The  learned  primate,  in  his  chronology,  tells  us  that  the corps  of  this  emperor  was  laid  on  the  funeral  pile,  in  a  place  which,  to  this  very day,  retains  the  name  of  (x).  From  all  which  teftimonies,  and  the  conftant tradition  of  the  inhabitants  of  2'ork ,  we  have  no  room  to  doubt  but  that  thefe  hills  were raifed  for  the  reafon  aforefaid. That  there  are  three  of  thefe  hills  is  likewife  no  obje&ion,  for  I  take  them  to  have  been raifed  all  at  the  fame  time  in  memory  of  the  dead  emperor,  and  in  honour  of  the  two  living ones,  his  fons  and  fucceffors.  I  need  fay  no  more  to  prove  this  cuftom  to  have  been  a  very common  one  amongft  the  Romans ,  as  it  was  alfo  ufed  by  the  pagan  Britons,  Saxons  and Danes.  The  Goths ,  or  Ang.  Saxons ,  made  their  tombs  very  like  the  Roman  tumuli,  from (q)  Burton’s  Ant.  itin.  from  Ovid.  Metam. ( r)  Dion  CaJJius.  Herodian  in  Severo. (s)  Suetonius  in  Claudio. (t)  Radulphus  Niger  lived  in  H.  the  thirds  reign, A.  1 250,  fays  Hollingjhead  ;  but  Nicboljim  places  him A.  1217,2nd  R.  de  diceto  before  him.  Hift.  library. ( u)  Rad.  de  dicc.o.  inter  xv.  Jcript.  ed.  Gale. ( x)  Corpus  ejus  rogo  ejl  irnpojitum  in  loco  qui  ad  hunt ufque  diem  £>cbcrs4)lll,  five  Scveri  coll  is  nomen  retuht. Uiher’i  primerd.  eccl.  Britan. which Chap. II.  of  the  Cl  TY  of  YORK. which  word  came  the  French  tombeaux.  Numbers  of  thefe  fepulchral  hills,  by  the  country- people  called  315arcoug!j0  (y)9  are  to  be  met  with  in  this  ifland;  efpecially  upon  our Wolds,  where  there  are  many  of  them  of  different  magnitudes  according  to  the  quality  of the  officer  entomb’d.  The  loweft  was  not  buried  without  the  foldiers  under  his  command, each  laying  a  turf  upon  his  grave.  And  the  S.  T.  T.  L.  in  fome  of  their  monumental  in- icriptions,  or  fit  tibi  terra  levis ,  may  this  earth  lay  light ,  plainly  alludes  to  this  cuftom. It  cannot  be  wondered  then  that  thefe  tumuli  of  ours  are  of  fuch  an  extraordinary  bulk, when  there  went  the  pov/er  of  the  whole  Roman  army,  then  in  Britain ,  as  well  as  the  na¬ tives  to  raife  them.  They  feem  to  have  been  raifed  from  a  flat  fuperficies,  and  the  place whence  this  vaft  quantity  of  earth  was  dug  is  now  a  fmall  village,  at  the  foot  of  the hills,  called  Holegate.  I  fliall  take  leave  of  thefe  venerable  remains  of  Roman  grandeur  with prefenting  the  curious  with  a  view  of  them. But  it  may  now  be  afked  what  certain  teftimony  have  we  that  Severus  did  actually  die at  Fork  ?  To  prove  it  I  fhall  only  mention  the  authority  of  two  Roman  writers  which  will put  the  matter  out  of  difpute.  Eutropius  gives  it  us  in  thefe  words - deceffit  EBORACI (Severus)  admodum  fenex ,  imperii  anno  xviii,  menfe  iv ;  &  divus  appellatus  eft  (z).  And Spartian  now  exprefly  names  the  place,  periit  EBORACI,  in  Britannia,  fubaUis gentibus quae  Bnkanniae  videbantur.  infeftae,  anno  imperii  xviii,  morbo  gravifftmo  extinct  us,  jam  fenex  (a). I  o  deny  this  evidence  is  to  fay  abruptly  that  EBORACVM  is  not  Fork  ;  which  however diiputable  other  ftations  may  be  in  Britain ,  the  learned  men  of  all  ages,  flnee  the  time  of the  Romans ,  have  unanimoufly  concurred  in. Dion  Ca flits ,  the  confular  hiftorian,  who  lived  a  few  years  after  Severus ,  lias  left  us  a ftory  of  the  emprefs  Julia  ;  known  in  the  Roman  coins  by  the  name  of  Julia  Domna.  The ftory  has  been  tranflated  and  retailed  by  feveral  modern  authors,  but  as  I  apprehend  the fubjeft  of  it  was  tranfadled  at  Fork ,  where  the  court  then  was,  it  cannot  be  amifs  to  infert it  here. It  was  the  cuftom  of  die  ancient  Britons ,  to  live  promifeuoufly,  to  make  ufe  of  one  ano- thers  wives,  and  bring  up  their  children  in  common  (b ),  Which  inordinacy,  as  it  was contrary  to  Roman  laws,  Severus  endeavoured  to  reftrain  ;  for  even  his  own  foldiers  gave too  much  into  the  practice  of  it.  Dion  fays  he  made  feveral  edidls  againft  adulterers  &c  ; by  which  many  were  brought  upon  their  trials  and  punifhed  for  it  (c).  I  can  affirm  upon my  own  knowledge,  adds  my  author,  having  in  my  confulfhip  feen  it  on  our  records, that  above  three  thoufand  offenders,  in  this  kind,  have  been  libelled  againft:  at  one  time. But  when  few  perfons.  could  be  met  with  that  would  perform  the  executive  part  of  the  laws with  vigour,  the  emperor  began  to  be  more  remifs  in  profecutions  of  this  nature.  The emprefs  Julia ,  perfues  my  author,  rallied  a  Britifj  lady  the  wife  of  Argentocoxus  a  Caledo¬ nian  prince,  probably  a  prifoner,  or  an  hoftage,  at  Fork ,  with  the  licentioufnefs  of  her country  women,  for  committing  fuch  open  obfeenities  with  their  men.  The  bold  Briton anfwered  her  with  great  vivacity,  1  think,  madam,  we  have  much  the  advantage  of  you  Ro¬ man  ladies  in.  this  particular,  and  fatisfy  our  natural  inclinations  with  much  better  grace  ;  for we,  in  open  daylight,  admit  the  noble  and  the  brave  to  our  embraces  ;  but  you  in  darknefs  and  dun¬ geons  make  ufe  of  your  moft  degenerate  ftaves.  A  cutting  reply  to  one  their  own  hiftorians  do not  flick  to  brand  with  the  infamy  of  it  (d). The  aforefaid  author  has  given  us  this  emperor’s  daily  courfe  of  life,  in  the  laft  years  of it,  in  this  manner,  lc  he  came,  fays  he,  early  to,  and  conftantly  fat  in  the  judgment  hall “  till  noon  ;  after  which  he  rode  out  as  long  as  he  was  able.  At  his  return  from  this  ex- “  ercife  he  bathed,  then  dined,  either  alone  or  with  his  fons;  but  fo  luxurioufly  and  plen- “  tifully,  as  conftantly  threw  him  into  a  found  fleep  after  dinner.  When  he  awaked  he walked  about  fome  time,  and  diverted  himfelf  with  a  Greek  or  Latin  author.  In  the evening  he  bathed  again,  and  after  flipped  with  his  domefticks  and  familiars;  for  no other  guefts  were  admitted ;  except  at  fome  fet  times,  when  he  would  treat  his  whole “  court,  at  fupper,  very  magnificently.  ” I  fhall  conclude  my  account  of  this  great  Roman,  with  a  defeription  of  his  perfon  and character  of  his  parts,  &c.  drawn  from  the  fame  hiftorian  as  the  former.  “  He  was,  fays he,  or  a  grofs  habit  of  body,  but  yet  very  ftrong  and  robuft;  except  when  weakened with  the  gout  which  he  fuffered  much  from.  He  had  an  excellent  and  piercing  judg- “  ment;  in  the  ftudy  of  the  liberal  arts  he  had  been  wonderfully  diligent,  which  ren¬ dered  his  fpeech  and  counfel  both  eloquent  and  perfuafive.  To  his  friends  moft “  grateful  and  always  mindful  to  do  them  good;  but  to  his  enemies  implacable.  Dili- ‘  gent  in  the  execution  of  bufinefs;  but  when  difpatched  no  one  ever  heard  him  fpeak  of it  again.  Greedy  enough  of  money  ;  which  he  took  all  methods  to  get  together,  except (y)  Barroughs  comes  from  the  A.  S.  Beape  or  Bcopj tumulus,  coll  is,  iffc.  whence  our  word  to  bury  is  deri¬ ved.  Somr.er's  S/ixon  dift. (x)  Eutropii  hijt.  Roman,  vide  notas  variorum  in Eutrop  iff  S.  Havercampi. (a)  Hifloriae  Augult.  cum  not  is  Ifaaci  Cafaubon  iff clior. ( b)  Utuntur  communibus  uxoribus  liberofque  omnes  alunt. Tacitus. (c)  Licet  iff  ipfa  adulteriis  famofa.  Dio  Xiphilin. Juliam  famofam  adulteriis.  Spartian. ( d)  Several  laws  are  extant  in  the  code  made  by  Pa- pinion,  contra  mocchos ;  probably  at  York,  though  none  of them  are  dated  as  the  former. 5 that 16 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES Book  I A. ccxi. vel ccxn. •  t  t]iat  ]ie  never  put  any  one  to  death  in  the  attaining  of  it.  He  ej  ected  many  new  palaces “  and  temples,  and  repaired  feveral  old  ones;  two,  efpecially,  to  Bacchus  and  Hercules  he “  built  very  magnificently.  And  though  his  expences  in  thefe  and  other  matters  were  ve- “  ry  great,  yet,°at  his  death,  he  left  in  gold  many  thoufands  behind  him  :  Andalfo,  as “  much  corn  to  the  city  of  Rome,  as  would  ferve  it  leven  years  (e)."  This  is  a  great  cha¬ racter  for  a  heathen,  and  what  few  of  our  Cbriftian  princes  have  attained  to.  The  blackeft crime  that  any  hiftorian  can  lay  to  his  charge,  is,  that  he  raifed  th e  fifth  perfection  againft the  Chrijlians.  . Seven's  being  dead,  the  government  devolved  upon  his  two  fons  CARACALLA  and GETA;  and  the  court  (till  continuing  at  EBORACVM,  the  courfe  of  this  hiftory mult  necelfanly  attend  it.  The  eldelt  of  thele  princes,  BaJJlanus,  who  was  furnamed  Caia- calla,  from  the  Ihort  coats  he  gave  to  the  foldiers,  I  have  taken  notice  on  to  have  as  bad  a natural  difpofition,  as  it  was  poflible  for  one  man  to  be  poffeffed  of.  He  has  made  it  his boalt,  that  be  never  learned  to  do  good ;  and  indeed  the  whole  courfe  of  his  life  fufficiently Ihews  it.  His  father  left  the  world  not  without  fufpicion  of  foul  play  from  him,  as  Dion hints;  but,  be  that  as  it  would,  it  is  certain  he  had  been  tampering  with  the  emperor’s phyficians  to  deftroy  him.  For,  the  firft  that  tailed  of  his  cruelty  were  thofe,  whom  he  in- ftantly  put  to  death,  for  not  obeying  his  orders  in  it  (f).  The  greatell  weaknefs  the  fa¬ ther  ever  betrayed,  was  his  partiality  or  blindnefs  to  this  incorrigible  fon.  And  he  can  ne¬ ver  be  excufed  for  being  the  caufe  of  the  death  of  the  younger,  fays  Dion,  and  having  in fome  meafure  delivered  him  over  to  his  brother,  who  he  might  forefee  would  put  him  to death  (V). ( b )  Geta  was  of  a  different  temper  from  his  brother,  and  was  very  grateful  to  the  fenate nnd  citizens;  he  had  alfo  a  powerful  party,  even  in  the  army.  Caracalla  afpiring  to  be  lole emperor,  had  refolved  upon  his  brother’s  death :  But  to  come  at  the  fratricide  with  more eafe  and  flifety  to  himfelf,  upon  a  flight  pretence  of  a  mutiny,  he  caufed  20000  of  the  fol- diery,  whom  he  fufpe&ed  to  be  in  his  brother’s  intereft,  to  be  put  to  the  fword.  This done,  it  was  no  great  difficulty  to  get  the  reft  to  proclaim  Geta  an  enemy  to  his  country; who,  upon  hearing  of  it,  fled  for  proteftion  to  his  mother  Julia.  But,  alas!  it  was  all  in vain,  the  inhuman  butcher  followed  his  bloody  purpofe,  and  with  his  own  hands  pierced the  unhappy  prince's  heart,  even  in  the  arms  of  her  who  who  gave  him  life (i). Caracalla  had  dill  another  obflacle  to  furmount  before  he  could  make  himfeli  eafy  in  his Government,  and  that  was  the  taking  off  his  father’s  faithful  friend  and  counfellor  P opinion. This  eminent  civilian,  whom  I  have  before  mentioned,  was  the  greateft  ornament,  not  only  ot FBORACVM,  but  of  the  whole  ifiand  of  Britain.  Camden  quotes  from  Forcatulus,  a French  antiquary  Ik),  that  the  tribunal  at  York  was  exceeding  happy,  in  that  it  heard  Pa¬ in man  the  oracle  of  right  and  law.  Cujadus,  almoft  as  great  a  name  as  the  former,  gives P opinion  this  high  chandler,  that  be  was  the  moft  eminent  of  all  civilians  that  either  ever '■■ere  in  the  world,  or  ever  would  be  ;  whom  no  one  in  the  fcience  of  the  law,  could  ever  yet outdo  nor  can  he  be  equalled  in  it  in  any  future  times  (l).  P opinion  ftudied  under  Scaevola, was  mailer  of  requells,  treafurer,  and  captain  of  the  guards  to  Severn-,  and  by  the  empe¬ ror’s  fecond  marriage  nearly  related  to  him.  Theexaftnefs  and  perfeftions  which  are  m  his writings,  lays  a  modern  author  (in),  and  the  great  abundance  of  them,  would  induce  one to  think  that  he  exceeded  the  ordinary  courfe  of  life;  but  yet  it  is  agreed,  on  all  hands, that  he  was  not  eight  and  thirty  when  he  was  taken  off  by  a  violent  death  ;  which,  adds mv  author,  cannot  be  imputed  to  any  other  caufe  than  his  own  virtue,  and  the  cruelty  ot him  that  commanded  it.  Nor  was  Papitlian  alone  in  the  Praetormm,  feveral  other  great names  (v)  occur  in  hiftory  as  counfcllers  or  coadjutors  to  him  in  it.  Amongft  thefe  were Ulpianus  and  Paul, is,  the  next  two  learned  men  of  that  age,  and  who  are  fuppofed  to  be ■  Papinian’ s  fucceffors  in  the  tribunal.  To  thefe  great  men,  but  more  efpecially  to  the  firft •  did  Severus,  on  his  death-bed,  leave  the  guardianlhip  ot  his  fons,  and  the  whole  affairs  ot the  empire  For  it  is  not  to  be  fuppofed,  that  fo  wife  a  prince  would  truft  them  to  the  care 'of  any  abfent  tutor,  who  could  not  receive  inftrudtions  and  directions  about  them  from  his °"  It  will  be  fomewhat  derogatory  to  the  honour  of  myftibjeft,  to  take  pains  to  prove,  that rhe  murder  of  thefe  two  eminent  perfons,  Geta  and  Papinian,  was  perpetrated  at  Fork.  But uood  and  bad  mull  be  recorded.  I  am  well  aware,  that  two  very  great  authorities,  w ?„A  -H. -endian,  both  write,  that  Geta  was  (lain  at  Rome,  in  the  palace,  and  almolt  in  the  bo- and  Hero'dian,  both  write,  that  ( (p)  This  laft  fentence  is  from  Spartian. (/)  Herodian. (<r)  Xiphilir.c  from  Dio. (b)  Nihil  inter  fratres  Jimile.  Spartianus.  apttd  exerct- •\urn  CariJ::::ui  erat,  pnejertim  quod  facie  patri  fimillimus rjfet.  Djo. n)  Ac  jam  tun  ex  colloejus  pen  deb  at,  adhaerebatque  ip- r,u\  peflei:  a:  ■'■at  uberibm,  leeidit  l  ament /intern  clamantem- ■’iu,  iBiii;  Mater*  malar,  genctrix,  genetrix  far opcm,  occidor,  ise.  Xiphilin.  a  Dione. (k)  Steph.  Forcat.  de  Gallor.  pbilof.  et  in. (!)  Primus  omnium  j  u  r  ifeonfu  l tor  am  quifuerunt  vclfu- turifunt;  quern  nemo  unquam  juris  feientia  fuperavitt nee  in  poflerum  aequare  potent.  Cujacius. (m)  Duck  de  jure  civili. (n)  There  arc  25  more  names  of  perfons  as  auditors to  Papinian,  and  Counfcllora  to  Severus  at  York.  See IfaeicJoris  chronology  from  Lamprid .  Func.  Uelvet.  1 5C. Chap  II. fom  of  his  mother. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. Yet  I  mud  be  of  opinion,  with  a  verv --------  - '**-“7  7  *vilu  a  very  learned  antiquary c.ty  was  the  fcene  of  this  black  impiety ;  and  I  /hall  give  his  and  mv for  it. *7 0 o )  that  our my  own  rea foils It  is  agreed  by  all  that  Geta  was  afiaflinated  firft ;  and  Papinittn ,  for  refufino-  to  make ^notation  m  facour  of  the  murderer  and  telling  him,  that  it  was  much  eqjierlo  commit  a (time  of  this  mure  than  excufte  it,  fell  by  the  hands  of  a  common  executioner  ;  his  head  be mg  (truck  off  with  an  axe  (?)  and  not  by  a  fword,  I  Jlxall  beg  leave  to  quote  a  Roman  hiito- nan  (?)  herein  his  own  words,  who,  I  take  it,  writes  much  to  our  purpofe,  quae  Victoria, meaning  Geta  s  murder,  Papiniam  exitwfiediorfaBa,  ut  fane  patent  memoriae  curioft ;  quippe quern  ferunt  illo  tempore  Bahian i  fcrima  curavijfe,  momtumque  uti  mot  eft,  deftinando  Roman, quamcelernme component,  dolore  Getae  dmjfte  haudquaquam  pari  facilitate  velari  parricidium ?U'whret'  ,I.dctnom"“fffeaum-  By  which  words,  fays  Burton,  they,  out  of  whom  Vidor took  them,  did  not  only  believe  that  the  murder  of  Geta,  but  this  brave  hying  uttered  bYPa- ptntan,  happen  d  bothbefore  Caracalla  s  return  to  Rome, and  confequently  at  York  De/, nan- do  Rom  am,  the  learned  Caftmlon  maintains  the  reading  of,  and  fays  it  plainly  fhews  it  M A  paffage  m  Spartian  makes  this  yet  plainer,  (r)  denique  nifi  querelis  de  Geta  Litis,  et  admit vulitmi  delimits  enormbus  etmmftipendns  datts,  Romam  Bailianus  redire  non  potuit  Thefe torU?hnSJhnrd'r°  //erSl  'Vhe  ar,my  C0uld  pr?ceed  fr0m  nothinS  fo  much  as  kte’s  murder; (or  though  Caracalla  had  got  them  to  proclaim  his  brother  an  enemy  to  his  country  yet they  were  not  aware  of  his  bloody  intent  upon  it.  Eutropius  writes,  that  immediately  upon his  being  proclaimed,  as  above,  he  was  (lain  (t).  And  Ignatius  has  left  Caracalla  this  cha rafter,  that  he  was  no  lefts  difobedient  to  his  father  Severus,  whilft  alive,  than  wicked  to  his l™ f  faA  WX'n  f‘lr  h,Sfathfs  death  he  ,nfianth Jlew  ftt).  After  all,  fays  Burton,  how hf  r  -  hinhC’  Wh°  morenthan™re  attempted  his  father’s  life,  and  that  too  in  the  pre- fence  of  h.s  viftonous  army,  fhould  fpare  his  brother,  but  for  an  hour,  efpecialiy  haWng eamed  thole  military  men  fo  much  to  his  fide,  as  to  proclaim  Geta,  both  an  enemy  to  him and  me  common-wealth,  immediately  on  his  father’s  death.  That  we  had  a  Pallium  or P  a  l  A  T I N  A  is  evident  and  that  the  emprefs  Julia  was  in  Britain,  Heredia,,  feems  to hint,  but  Dio  puts  it  pad  doubt,  by  the  above  recited  ftory  of  her.  The  erafemenr  nfCcd name  out  offeveral  mferiptions,  found  in  Britain,  feeiJto  have  been  done  by  d  e  od^’ orders  before  he  left  the  ifland  (*).  All  which  authorities  too  plainly  provef  that and  Pap, man  s  murders,  and  probably  Caracalla' s  inceltuous  marriage  with  his  father’s  wife were  all  ot  them  perpetrated  ,n  EBORACVM.  I  (hall  conclude  wkh  the  fenfe S who  fumming  up  the  good  emperors  that  had  left  bad  fons  and  fucceffors,  leaT«  his monfter  of  mankind  this  character,  “  How  happy  would  it  have  hern  m  j-Iip  ■  -r  o “  verus  had  not  begot  Bajftanus?  who,  under  pretence  of  plots  againlt  himfelfP  and  with a  patncidial  lye,  immediately  murdered  his  innocent  brother  Who  married  his  Z  * “  ln:law’  nay  rather  his  mother,  in  whofe  very  bofom  he  had  (lain  her  fair* ;;  who dd droyed  P opinion,  that  afylum  of  the  law,  and  learned  repofitory  of  it  bemuft  he would  not  excufe  his  brother’s  murder  (j).  ^  y  or  it,  oecaule  he The  imperial  court  having  refided  at  EBORACVM  t,™, ,  i  ■  an. to  Caracalla’s  return  to  Rome,  muff,  as  I  have  noted,  gi’ve  a  luftre  to  mv  ^Weft™'"!  T its  glory  Urine  equal,  if  not  fuperior  to  the  molt  unowned  c  ties  ' exS ome  1 7 ** Jlanlmople,  in  the  empire.  From  Severus  his  excellent  ^overnmenr  onH  ^  r  >  ^  d  Con~ ifiand,  for  near  the  fpace  of  an  age,  we  hear  no  more  of  our  rkv  H  3  the and  though  not  m  war  were  certainly  not  in  a  ftate  of  indolencv  Ti  ^  ters  at  Sark, roads,  theveftiges  of  which  are  in  many  pikes  ftil  vcrv  ex«m  J  l  n,anyKnoble  h'gh- neither  they  nor  their  fellow-foldiers  in  othe?  lemons  in  ke  rimes  ‘r  obT‘°us’  that wanted  employment.  The  peaceable  i«c  the^flanH  *  f  f  profoundelt  peace, molt  hiftorians  to  be  the  time  the  Roman  foldiers  were  employeVby  thdkcoIS  th°  jght  by calling  up  high-ways,  making  of  brick,  cutting  down  wooS  drakinv  o  f  h!T  ^ this  work  was  extremely  necefiary,  for  the  more  effectual  enflavino  f  ®  b?§s’  That tclrdac^  tHeir  and  the  quicker  marclfofTroops  and  loifitary  engines  ^  from^place to  place,  as  occafion  required  ;  may  be  evinced  by  modern  praftice  in  thekn  of  wT  t noble  high-roads  from  town  to  town,  in  Flanders,  ihew,  thaPt  Lewis  X IV.  of  ^funder! ( o )  See  Burton's  Ant.  itin. (p)  Securi  percuffus.  Spartian. ( q)  Sextus  Aurelius  Vidor. (r)  Ifaaci  Cafaubon.  not  at  in  feript.  Aug (s)  Spartian,  rr/jul.  Capitol.  ;.v  vita  Getae. (tjNnm  .Geta  bofiis  publicus  judieatus,  confetti m  te¬ rm,  Jiutropius.  ‘ (u)  Severo  patri  adbuc  viventi,  antumax,  nee  minus in  fratrem  Gcum  impius ,  quem  fatre  mortuo  ilatim  oc- eiderat.  Joh.  Bap.  Ignatius. H‘*y's  Brimmia,  Rm. hr  Us  unices,  istc.  on  this  Head. ( yj  ftued  Se,e,o  Scptimio,  fi  B *IT„num  non  genuiji,  r fill  llaum  cnjsmulnntan  fratrem,  inf,iiarvm git  a  tar  urn,  patncidiali  etiom  ftgmolo  intermit.  Ai  no- un-cam,  Mrlm  jn  -  Getam  . “fi";  “sc’m  Juxi,.  ^/Papimanum,  juris  Alum P  P,‘ae  ?§a  ls  tbfffurum,  quod  parriciaium  cxcufarc noluijfet,  occidit.  AEJius  Spartianus  in  vita  Getae. F A. ccxr. vel ccxn. >ftood x8  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. ftood  the  maxim  thoroughly.  And  the  later  conduct  of  our  prefent  governours,  in  refpedt to  the  highlands  of  Scotland ,  does  fufficiently  fliew  us,  that  this  part  of  Roman  military  dis¬ cipline  is  not  forgotten. The  Latin  writers,  particularly  Ammianus,  call  thefe  high  ways  aggeres  itinerarii,  aSlus  pu¬ blicly  vine  Jlratae,  &c.  I  fhall  not  take  upon  me,  nor  is  it  to  my  purpole,  to  write  exprelsly  on  all the  Roman  roads  in  Britain.  That  fubjedthas  been  largely  and  excellently  well  treated  by  our learned  antiquary,  his  judicious  continuator,  the  late  Mr.  Horjley,  and  others.  But  I  cannot here  avoid  taking  notice  of  thele,  which,  from  feveral  different  parts  and  ftations,  do all  centre  at  E B  O  R  AC  VM  ;  and  the  rather  becaufe  it  will  ferve  to  fill  up  a  very  great chafrn  in  my  annals. ( z)  A  modern  author,  in  his  defeription  of  Italy ,  makes  this  obfervation  on  the  Roman roads  in  that  country,  “  Of  all  the  antique  monuments  I  have  hitherto  ieen,  fays  he,  there “  is  nothing  in  my  opinion  deferves  fo  much  to  be  admired  as  thefe  famous  roads.  The “  buildings,  that  are  preferved,  have  been  expofed  to  few  accidents;  and,  all  things  being “  well  confidered,  it  is  rather  matter  of  aftonifhment  that  edifices,  fo  exceedingly  folid,  were “  fo  loon  ruined,  than  to  fee  them  ftill  remaining.  But  that  an  innumerable  number  of “  palfengers,  horfes  and  carriages,  fhould  perpetually  tread  on  a  pavement,  for  fo  many “  ages,  and  yet  fuch  confiderable  pieces  of  it  fhould  ftill  be  found  entire,  is  a  thing “  which  feems  almoft  incredible. It  is  not  to  be  expefted,  that  we  fhould  meet  with  fuch  noble  remains  of  high-roads  round York,  as  are  yet  apparent  on  the  Appian  and  Flaminian  ways  in  Italy.  Thofe  roads  to  the great  city  were,  no  doubt,  laid  with  wonderful  care  and  colt ;  befides,  the  drynefs  of  that climate  and  foil,  when  compared  with  ours,  muft  make  a  great  difference,  as  to  the  finking or  turning  up  of  the  agger  which  compofed  them.  But  we  can,  however,  make  a  boaft  of feveral  remarkable  veftiges  in  this  kind  of  Roman  induftry,  which  are  to  be  fee n  at  this day  in  our  neighbourhood.  Which  roads,  as  I  hinted  before,  tending  all  from  different fea-ports  and  ftations,  and  pointing  direftly  at  the  city  itfelf,  muft  make  it  more  confide¬ rable  than  any  writer,  either  antient  or  modern,  that  I  have  feen,  has  yet  attempted.  And I  have  the  vanity  to  fay,  that  the  difeovery  of  fome  of  thefe  roads  is  folely  owing  to  my lelf. The  itinerary  aferibed  to  Antoninus  pins ,  and  which  has  long  born  his  name,  feems  rather to  have  been  made  in  the  time  of  Severus ;  and  his  fon  Antoninus  Caracalla  took  the  honour of  it.  In  this  I  follow  the  opinion  of  our  great  antiquary,  Mr.  BurtoKy  Horjley ,  and  others. I  take  it  to  have  been  no  more  than  what  our  modern  military  men  would  call  a  fettled routy  for  the  march  of  troops  from  ftation  to  ftation,  as  occafion  required,  quite  over  the province.  The  diftances  are  here  exadtly  put  down,  from  an  attual  furvey ;  and  each  fta- tionary  officer,  having  a  copy,  might  at  one  view  have  a  juft  idea  of  the  Roman  ports, forts  and  towns  in  Britain.  He  might  alfo,  by  the  emperor  or  his  lieutenant’s  commands, march  his  men  upon  any  defign,  with  great  celerity  and  lafety  ;  when  his  quarters,  or  fta¬ tions,  were  thus  depi&ed,  and  the  roads  made  excellently  good,  to  and  from  them  all. This  furvey  muft  have  been  a  work  of  fome  years,  and  not  a  hafty  progrefs  through  the province;  and  therefore,  it  cannot  properly  be  allowed  to  have  any  other  director  than  that able  and  moft  experienced  foldier  Severus. It  is  ealy  to  fee,  that  EBORACVM  is  the  principal  in  all  thefe  itinera,  or  routs.  And, as  at  Rome  there  was  a  gilded  pillar  fet  up  at  the  head  of  the  Forum ,  in  umbilico  urbis  (a), by  the  order  of  Auguftus ;  from  whence  the  menfuration  of  the  roads  quite  through  Italy $  were  taken ;  fo  it  is  more  than  barely  probable  that  a  pillar  ot  this  kind,  whether  gilt  or not,  is  out  of  queftion,  was  eredted  by  Severus ,  to  ferve  for  the  fame  purpofe  through  Bri¬ tain,  at  EBORACVM.  If  our  modern  antiquaries  will  not  allow  me  this  pofition,  they muft  however  acknowledge,  that  York  is,  at  this  day,  the  only  point  from  whence  they can  with  certainty  fix  any  Roman  ftation  in  the  north  of  England.  Tacitus  calls  this  pillar  at Rome,  milliarium  aureum ,  and  fays  it  ftood  near  the  temple  of  Saturn ;  whence  the  phrafe, ad  tertium ,  quartum ,  quintum  ab  urbe  lapidem.  So  the  poet, Intervalla  viae  fefjis  praejl are  videtur , §>ui  notat  inferiptus  millia  crebra  lapis. The  weary’d  traveller  knows  the  diftant  way, Where  the  mark’d  ftonesthe  num’rous  miles  difplay. (z)  Miffron's  Voyage  to  Italy.  He  writes,  that  un¬ der  the  upper  Pavement  is  another  lay  of  very  mafly Hones  placed  on  abed  of fand,  which  ferves  for  the  foun¬ dation  of  this  pavement,  and  hinders  it  from  finking.  Bi- fhop  Burnet  tells  us,  that  thefe  caufeways  in  Italy  were twelve  foot  broad,  all  made  of  huge  Hones,  moll  of  them blue ;  that  they  are  generally  a  foot  and  half  large  on  all fidcs.  And,  admiring  the  (Irength  of  the  wojk,  he  add?, that  it  has  Jailed  above  1800  years,  yet  in  moll  places  it is  for  feveral  miles  together  as  entire  as  when  it  was  full made.  Letter  4. {a)  Suetonlm.  Dio.  Mr.  Lajfeh  writes,  that  this  pillar was  (landing  in  Rmi  in  his  time.  LaJJeh' s  voyage  to Italy. Some Chap.  II.  »/  /fc  CITY  9/YORK.  19 Some  of thefe  milliary  pillars,  or  mikftones,  found  in  the  north  of  England,  are  preferv- cd  and  given  in  Mr.  Horjlefs  Brit.  Romana  •,  and  I  have  feen  feveral  on  the  Roman  roads leading  to  this  city,  but  the  infcription  worn  off. The  termination  of  all  the  Roman  high  roads,  by  Ulpian' s  authority,  was  either  at  the  Sea, fome great  river,  or  city.  This  pofition  will  be  made  molt  evident  by  what  I  am  going to  fhew.  The  grand  military  way,  which  divides  England  in  length,  riins  from  the  pore RITVPAE,  now  Richborough  in  Kent,  ufqiie  ad  lineam  valli ,  to  the  limit  of  the  Roman  wall, in  Northumberland ,  and  beyond  it.  It  came  down  to  that  known  ftation  DANVM,  Don- cajler.  From  whence  it  ftretches  northward  over  Scawfby-lees  to  Barnfdale.  It  is  eafily  traced on  to  Hardwick ,  Yanfhelf,  Ponlefr  aft -park,  and  Caftleford.  Whether  PontefraCl  or  this laft  named  place  bids  the  faireft  for  the  Roman  LF.GIOLIVM,  may  be  the  fubje<5b  of  ano¬ ther  work  I  intend  for  the  prefs  as  foon  as  this  is  finifhed.  For  my  part,  I  give  my  vote for  Pontefract  or  Yanfhelf ',  rather  than  Caftleford  \  and  I  have  the  opinion  of  our  great  anti¬ quary,  J.  Leland ,  on  my  fide.  At  Caftleford  it  paffes  the  river  Air ,  then  over  Peck  field, runs  very  apparently  to  Aberford-,  at  the  north-end  of  which  town  is  the  veftige  of  a  Roman camp.  On  Bramham-moor  it  is  in  many  places  exceedingly  perfeifli  Leland  writes,  that  in all  his  travels  he  never  faw  fo  noble  and  perfect  a  Roman  road  as  this  ■,  which  JJeezvs,  adds  he, that  there  went  more  than  ordinary  care  and  labour  in  the  making  of  it  (b).  The  fir  alum  is  ft  ill fo  firm  and  good,  that,  in  travelling  over  it,  we  may  fay  with  the  poet,  in  a  defeription of  another  fuch  road  in  the  weft  of  England, ( c)  Now  o’er  true  Roman  way  our  horfes  found, Graevius  would  kneel,  and  kils  the  facred  ground. That  the  reader  may  have  an  idea  of  what  appearance  thefe  venerable  remains  of  Roman  art and  induftry  make  at  this  day,  I  have  beftowed  a  draught  of  it. From  Bramham-moor  this  grand  road  points  direfrly  for  Yadcafter,  the  old  CALCARI A  *, which  it  enters  oppofite  to  the  fite  of  the  caftle.  But  the  ford  over  v/hich  the  north  road went,  was  at  St.  Helen' s-ford,  a  little  higher  on  the  river  Wherfe.  From  which  it  begins again  ;  and  though  on  this  fide  of  the  river  the  country  is  marfhy  and  deep,  fo  that  there appear  but  faint  traces  of  it,  yet  the  courfe  of  the  road  is  called  JSuDgatc,  quafi  Roadgate ■* by  the  country  people  at  this  day.  We  follow  it  over  the  river  Nid  to  JVhixley ,  where  it  is very  apparent.  The  out-buildings  of  which  village  are  almoft  wholly  built  ot  the  peebles dug  out  of  it.  From  JVhixley  the  road  is  eafily  traced  to  Aldburgbj  the  known  ISVRIVM of  the  Romans ,  and  fo  on  •,  for  I  fhall  follow  it  no  lurther,  it  not  being  confonant  to  my defign. What  I  obferve  from  hence,  is,  that  in  all  the  journeys  in  the  Itinerary,  from  fouth  to north,  as  for  inftance,  in  the  fecond,  a  vallo  ufque  ad  port  am  RVTVPIS,  the  two  extream points  of  the  province,  EBORACVM  is  always  put  down  as  in  the  road.  The  preced¬ ing  courfe  evidently  fhews,  that  it  is  not  fo  *  and  confequently  it  can  only  be  placed  there as  a  ftation  not  to  be  omitted  in  the  journey.  Mr.  Burton  writes,  that  thefe  fkips,  as  he  i9 pleafed  to  call  them, are  frequently  taken  out  of  the  way*,  yet  he  allows  it  is  never  done  but to  pay  a  vifit  to  fome  more  than  ordinary  ftation  ;  where  the  emperor,  propraetor,  or  le¬ gate,  turn’d  afide  for  bufinefs •*  as  to  hold  courts  of  juftice,  enlift  more  foldiers,  or  confirm the  old  ones.  And  here,  he  adds,  that  York  was  the  only  place  in  the  north,  appointed  for the  meeting  of  this  officer.  Mr.  Horjley,  more  properly,  calls  thefe  turns  out  of  the  road, angles,  which  the  military  way  makes  to  any  place  of  importance.  For  inftance,  CQIatling* ttrect,  called  fo,  as  he  fuppofes,  from  its  winding  turns,  comes  from' Richborough  to  Loudon  ■, from  thence  runs  to  Chejier,  and  there  crofting  again,  makes  direftly  for  York . There  is  another  Roman  road  comes  out  of  Lancajhire  from  that  noted  ftation  MAN- CVNIVM,  Manchejler,  by  CAMBODVNVM  near  Almonbury ,  or  Almry  in  this  county and  falls  into  the  grand  military  way  near  Aberforth.  This  may  yet  be  traced*  but  is  not very  vifible.  It  is  the  road  taken  in  the  fecond  Iter.  But  from  COCCIVM,  Ribchejler ,  in Lancajhire ,  is  one  ftill  very  obvious.  Mr.  JVarburton,  who  traced  this  road,  and  has  deli¬ neated  it  in  his  map  of  this  county,  fays  its  ftone  pavement  is  yet  in  many  places  very  firm* being  eight  yards  broad.  It  comes  to  Gifburn,  erodes  Rajnwald’s-moor  to  that  known  fta¬ tion  OLICANA,  Ilkley-,  from  thence  to  ADELOCYM,  which  our  Leeds  antiquary  has, with  probability  enough,  placed  at  Addle ,  and  ftrikes  into  the  road  for  York  with  the  for¬ mer.  It  i9  very  plain  that  thefe  two  high -ways  were  directed  to  the  city  it  felf,  becaufe when  they  wanted  to  go  more  northward,  there  is  another  Roman  road  from  Skipton, crofs  Knares-burgh  forelt  to  Aldburgh,  which  is  many  miles  nearer  to  the  grand  north road. Upon  the  river  (d)  JVharfe,  and  full  on  the  great  military  way,  ftood  the  Roman  CAL-  CALCARIA, CARIA,  now  Yadcajier  which  place,  as  it  was  the  next  Ration  to  York ,  it  comes  within  my  TAcaJler. (5)  Leland’s  itin.  v.  5.  * (<-)  Gay's  epillle  to  Lord  Burlington. [d)  Suppofed  to  be  the  Roman  VERBEIA.  Skinner defines  it  in  this  manner,  CCtljetf  feu  dtijarf  in  com. F.bor.  Fluvius  A.  S.  Euepp  forte  an  a  C.  Br.  Guer  vel Guenr,  on  oil  rapidum  not  at ;  et  efl  fane  valde  rafidtu. Vel  a  'ii&Cig.  tdlcrfcci,  cirtvmvertere , cifeumgydtire.  Etym.  di£t limit "the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book!. limit  to  treat  of.  The  learned  Camden ,  with  whom  his  continuator  agrees,  was  molt  cer¬ tainly  right  in  deriving  this  towns  name  from  Calx  lime,  or  Calcaria ,  Jime-kilns.  To  his authority  there  is  Fertullian  de  came  cbrijli ,  who  mentions  Calcaria  ad  Carbonariam.  Am- viianus  Mar.  does  the  fame.  And  Ulpian  acquaints  us  that  to  thefe  Calcaria  offending  per- fons  were  condemned,  as  to  the  gallies  in  France  at  this  time  •,  whence  in  the  Code  we meet  with  the  Calcarienfes.  It  mull  be  granted  that  the  Romans  had  occafion  for  vaft  quan¬ tities  of  lime  to  fpend  in  their  buildings  at  York.  For  which  reafon  a  fettlement  was thought  proper  to  be  cftablifiied  here  to  take  care  that  this  valuable  commodity  Ihould  be duly  manufactured  and  burned ;  and  that  Haves  and  offenders  ffiould  be  kept  ftriftly  to  it. There  is  no  part  of  the  country  that  does  Hill  yield  this  kind  of  ftonefo  plentifully  as  this place  ;  from  whence  it  may  be  conveyed  to  York ,  either  by  water  or  land,  with  eale.  The Saxons  and  Normans  in  their  churches  and  fortifications  with  us,  no  doubt,  made  ufe  of  the fame  convenience.  The  builders  of our  majeftick  cathedral  were  much  encouraged  to  pro¬ ceed  in  it,  when  the  ffone  for  the  work  and  lime  were  got  within  a  mile  of  one  another. And  to  this  day  it  is  fo  plentifully  dug  up  here,  as  to  fupply  not  only  our  city,  but  the whole  country  round  it. But  I  muff  not  omit  what  a  late  antiquary  (e)  has  publifhed  in  relation  to  the  etymo¬ logy  of  Calcaria.  It  is  a  great  guefs  indeed,  but  whether  a  probable  one  I  fhall  leave  to the  readers  conjecture.  “  May  not  the  derivation  of  this  name,  fays  he,  come  from  the “  trade  of  making  fpurs  there?  Ripon  has  been  famous  in  our  time,  and  the  belt  fpurs  were “  faid  to  come  from  thence.  ,  If  there  was  a  town  upon  the  fVberfe ,  which  in  the  Romans “  time  dealt  in  this  manufacture  it  might,  adds  he,  be  transferred  to  Ripon  on  the  others “  being  razed.  ** (f)  Some  other  late  authorities  have  alfo  difplaced  CALCARIA  from  its  old  ftation  at Fadcafter ,  and  have  carried  it  a  mile  further  up  the  river  to  a  village  called  Newton-kime  (g). 'i  hey  are  not  without  their  reafons  for  this  ftretch,  the  town  no  doubt  mult  have  been  for¬ merly  of  an  unufual  length,  whence  the  Saxon  name  Langbypn;,  Ikanglurgfj  was  aptly  given to  it.  But  the  remains  of  antiquity  which  Mr.  Camden  law,  all  of  which  are  Hill  evident  at Fade  after,  muff  make  us  hold  to  his  notion,  notwithftanding  the  feeming  probability  of  the later.  That  antiquary  obferved  the  marks  of  a  trench  quite  round  the  old  town  ;  takes  notice of  the  platform  of  an  antient  caftle  ;  out  of  the  ruins  of  which,  adds  he,  not  many  years  ago, a  bridge  was  made  over  the  IVharfe.  That  it  meafures  juft  nine  Italian  miles  from York  -,  the  exaft  number  put  down  in  the  itinerary.  That  a  hill  a  fmall  diftance  from  it is  ftill  called  ©dfobar  j  which  retains  fomewhat  of  its  ancient  name.  And  laftly,  that  a great  number  of  Roman  coins  have  been  found  in  the  fields  about  it. For  all  which  reafons  I  give  my  vote,  with  the  late  Mr.  Horftey ,  for  fixing  their  CAL¬ CARIA  at  our  Fade  after.  For  though  the  hill  called  KcIIi-Lir,  is  nearer  Newton  than Fade after  and  there  have  been  found  feveral  Roman  coins  and  other  curiofities  in  Newton- water- field,  it  is  no  argument  that  the  ftation  Ihould  be  built  in  this  place,  rather  than  the former.  I  do  not  deny  but  that  the  out-buildings,  or  fuburbs  of  this  town,  might  ftretch along  the  road,  almoft  as  far  as  this  ford  over  the  river.  They  might  have  been  the  ha¬ bitations  of  thefe  dealers  in  lime,  or  Calcarienfes ,  from  whence  the  town  took  its  name. The  Langbrough-pcnnys ,  as  the  country  people  ftill  call  the  Rojnan  coins  that  are  found in  thefe  fields,  give  us  an  idea  of  a  long  ftreet  of  houfes  this  way.  ISelkbar  is  full  in this  road,  and  oppofite  to  a  place  called  Smawes  (b),  where  are  fome,  not  defpifable  re¬ mains  of  antiquity,  and  an  innumerable  quantity  of  very  old  lime-pits  on  the  north  fide  of the  hill.  Befides  I  take  this  ancient  name  liicllirbat:,  if  it  mean  any  thing,  to  fignify  a  bar, or  gate,  in  this  ftreet  leading  to  Calcaria.  The  fituation  feems  to  allow  of  fuch  an  out¬ work  from  the  town. But,  if  I  may  be  allowed  a  conjecture  of  my  own,  here  will  two  ftations  rife  up  near  to¬ gether  •,  an  ilxnerarian,  and  a  notitial one  ;  as  may  be  feen  in  the  fequel;  and  then,  the  dif- pute  is  eafily  fettled  betwixt  them.  The  three  fords  on  this  river  will  be  a  means  to  help us  to  account  for  it. What  is  molt  to  my  purpofe  here,  is  the  fite  of  CALCARIA,  or  Fadcafter  it  felf; which  by  being  placed  full  on  the  road  to  York ,  was  certainly  a  fortrefs  defigned  for  the fecurity  or  a  key  to  the  city  on  that  fide-,  as  DERVENTIO,  a  ftation  on  the  river  Der¬ went ,  was  on  the  other.  Whatever  fome  late  antiquaries  have  advanced  ;  I  am  ascertain,  as a  man  can  be  in  this  matter,  that  the  Roman  road,  fromFadcafter  to  York,  took  the  fame  rout then  as  now.  The  objection  of  Fadcafter  moor  being  unpayable,  without  a  ftone  caufeway being  built  over  it,  is  nothing againft  us-,  for  I  take  it  this  caufeway  has  for  its  foundation  the old  Roman  one ;  which  is  the  occafion  of  its  prefent  ftrength  and  firmnefs  j  and  any  one  that (e)  Salmons  Survey  {5V.  poflcITor. (f)  Gibjons  Camden  from  Mr.  Fairfaxes  notes  &V.  (b)  Smazves  is  one  of  the  motl  agreeable  fixations  in (g)  called  fo  from  being  formerly  in  the  polTeflion  of  all  this  country.  It  belongs  at  prefent  to  Thomas  Lifter the  barons  ,u  kime.  Though  it  has  fince  long  been  in  the  of  Gjbttrn-pnrk,  El'q;  I  cot^d  never  underhand  what ancieut  family  of  Fairfax.  Fbo  Fairfax  Efq;  the  prefent  Smawes  iignifie.. carefully S Chap.I1.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. carefully  obferves  it  will  be  of  my  opinion.  From  this  moor  the  rood  went  to  67 reet-houjes which  name  and  place  bears  evident  teftimony  of  it.  The  (i)  Saxon  Stpet  or  Scjiete,  appa¬ rently  comes  from  the  latin  flratum ,  which  in  Pliny  fignifies  a  ftreet ,  or  a  paved  high-road. All  the  Reman  roads  being  firmly  paved  with  ftone  occafioned  this  name  to  them.  Where  - ever  we  meet  with  a  road  called  a  ftreet ,  by  the  country  people,  or  any  town  or  village faid  to  lie  upon  the  ftreet,  for  in  fiance  Ait  b  wick  on  the  ftreet  by  Doncafter ,  we  may  furely judge  that  a  Roman  road  was  at  or  near  it.  There  are  feveral  more  inftances  of  this kind  which  I  fiiall  have  occafion  to  mention  in  the  fequel ;  which  makes  me  fo  particular in  this.  The  length  of  time,  the  wetnels  of  the  fituation  and  the  very  great  number  of carriages  and  pafiengers  that  have  travelled  this  road  for  many  ages,  have  in  this  place  tore the  agger  up  to  the  very  foundations.  Stones,  of  a  monftrous  bulk  and  weight,  lie here  in  the  way,  which  are  certainly  adventitious,  and  have  been  brought  hither,  by  infi¬ nite  labour,  to  make  the  foundation  of  the  road  firm  and  folid.  We  meet  with  feveral more  fuch  where  the  ground  is  any  where  cut  deep  by  carriages  nearer  the  city.  A  little further  than  Street-hoiifes  is  a  place  called  Four- mile-hill,  being  the  half  way  betwixt  York  and Fadcafter.  It  is  a  little  rifingon  the  fide  of  the  road  which  1  take 'to  have  been  a  tumulus  •, it  being  the  conftant  cuftom  of  the  Romans  to  make  their  funeral  monuments  near  their highways,  or  fome  publick  place.  Whence  fifte  viator  and  nbi  viator  was  proper  lor  their inferiptions  •,  but  very  abfurd  to  betaken  from  them  and  put  on  a  monument  in  the  infide of  a  church  *,  of  which  we  have  too  many  inftances  in  thefe  days. From  hence  the  road  runs  to  a  village,  vulgarly  called  Ringhoufes ,  but  anciently hotifts.  Our  late  Leeds  antiquary  (k)  fays  the  right  name  of  this  place  is  SD’encpljotuc,  or ^polueS;  and  quotes  his  authorities  for  it.  He  iuppofes  the  Romans  had  upon  this  road what  the  Saxons  call  a  howe  or  howes,  little  hills,  round  which  they  had  their  diverting  ex- ercifes.  There  are  no  hills  about  this  place  at  prefent  to  juftify  his  affertion-,  for  which reafon  he  has  drawn  in  the  little  hill  above  mentioned  to  fupport  it.  A  huge  and  mafly ftone  coffin  and  lid  was  of  late  years  dug  up  near  this  place;  and  now  lies  in  the  ftreet, which  is  moft  certainly  Roman.  From  hence  the  road  leads  to  the  city  it  felf,  and  enters it  at  Micklegaie-bar  \  where  is  ftill  a  noble  Roman  arch,  which  I  fhall  have  occafion  to  treat more  particularly  on  in  the  fequel. The  deftruction  of  CALCARIA,  as  well  as  other  Rations  in  the  north,  may  be  impu¬ ted  to  the  mercilefs  fury  of  the  Danes ,  who  deftroyed  all  here  before  them  with  fire  and fword.  It  is  remarkable  that  this  place  was  in  fome  repute  in  Bcda's  time,  and  that  it was  then  called  Calca-cefter.  That  author  gives  an  account  of  a  religious  woman  whom he  calls  Hcina ,  who  being  the  firft  that  took  the  facred  habit  of  a  nun  upon  her  in  thofe parts,  retired,  fays  he,  to  the  city  of  Calc  aria ,  by  the  Euglijh  called  Calca-ccftcr  where  fhe built  a  houfe  for  her  dwelling  (l).  From  whence  might  come Falca-cefter,  andl'o,  more  cor¬ ruptly,  Fade  after. St.  Helm' s -ford,  takes  its  name  from  a  chapel  dedicated  to  St.  Helen,  the  mother  of  Cor- ftantine  the  great,  which  flood  in  Lcland' s  time  (m)  on  the  eaft  banks  of  the  river.  Here is  ftill  St.  Helen's  well.  Fadcafter  has  fometimes  been  called  in  ancient  writers  Heleceftre  ( n )  ; not  from  St.  Helen ,  but,  as  I  fuppofe,  by  a  wrong  tranflation  of  Calx  lime  into  the  Saxon J}ele,  the  heele  of  the  foot,  which  it  alfo  fignifies.  Helagh  a  village  in  the  Ainfty  ftill  retains the  found  of  it.  Our  learned  dean  Gale  was  of  opinion  this  ford  might  take  its  name  from the  goddefs  Nehalennia,  the  patronefs  of  Chalk-workers  •,  and  thence  might  be  called Hahalen'  s-ford,  corruptly  Helen' s- ford  (o).  But  this  etymon  feems  to  be  a  little  too  far  ftretched  ; and  Poland's  chapel,  before  mentioned,  has  a  much  nearer  fignification  to  it.  This  place is  fordable  moft  part  of  the  fummer,  and  was  no  doubt  more  fo  before  the  mill  and  damm was  built  at  Fadcafter.  Our  Saxon  anceftors  made  ufe  of  the  Roman  roads  and  built  wooden bridges  for  their  greater  convenience  in  paffing  the  rivers.  The  fills  or  piles  of  fuch  a bridge,  in  this  place,  do  yet  appear  at  low  water.  But  when  the  north  road  came  to  be turned,  and  ftone  bridges  were  built  at  IVetferby,  Wajbford,  and  Burrough-hridge  over  the rivers  Wharfe,  Nid  and  Eure,  this  old  road  was  quite  neglected,  and  the  bridge  fu fTercd to  fall. The  neighbouring  Roman  ftations  to  York  being  all  concerned  in  this  account  of  the  roads leading  to  the  city,  they  come  within  my  fphere  to  treat  on  as  well  as  the  laft.  And  in order  to  it  I  fhall  tranferibe  the  firft  iter,  or  rout,  which  is  put  down  in  the  itinerary,  from the Suritan  edition,  publifhed  by  our  learned  dean  Gale  as  follows.  The  Englijh  names  to (i)  -Stratum ,  view,  v:a,  platen.  Vide  Somner’s  dill. Saxon.  Stratum ,  is  tiie  very  word  made  ufe  of  by  Ven. Bede  to  denote  a  Roman  road  quite  througli  his  work. (k)  Thorelby’s  ducat.  Leod.  130. ft)  Heina,  religiofa  Chrifti  f amnia,  quae  prima  foe- vnnarum  firtur  in  provincia  Nbrdaiihymbrorum  propoji- tum  veftcmque  fanliiitmialis  habitus,  confecrante  AEdano epfeopo,  fjfcepijfe ;  feceftit  ad  eivitatem  Calcariam,  quae a  gente  Anglorum,  Kael-ccfiir  appellatur.  Ilique  manjio- item  febi  inftituit.  Beda,  ed.  Smith. {’»)  Lelandi  itin. [n)  Mon.  Ang  1.  399.  Calx  pedis,  in  eadem  lingua Tab  unde  hedierna  diliio  Tahdcaller  infect  a  litera  d  eu- phonide  gratia.  Gale’s  itin.  p.  43. («)  Artem  Calcariatn  olim  in  Britanniis  coluiffe  teftantur injeriptiones  apud  Reinefmm,  p.  190.  harum  unem  fene. DEAE  NEHALENNIAE  OB MERGES  RITE  CONSERVA- TAS  M.  SECVND.  S1LVANVS Negotiator  NEGOTTOR  CRETAR1VS BRITANNICIANVS V.  S.  L.  M.  Itin ■  Ant.  Gale. G the ISVRIVM Aldburgb, The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I, the  ftations  are  here  diverfified  according  to  the  opinions  of  the  authors  that  have  wrote  on them. A  lunite ,  i.  e.  a  vallo PRAETORIVM  ufque, M.P.  CL VI. A  BREMEN  10  CORSIOPITUM  M.  P.  XX. VINDAMORA. VINOVIA.  .... CAT AR  AC  TONI. ISVRIVM. EBORACVM.  leg.  vi.  victrix. DERVENTIONE. M.P.IX. M.  P.  XIX. M.  P.  XXII. M.P.XXIV. M.  P.  XVII. M.P.  VII. DELGOVITIA. M.P. XIII. PRAETORIVM. M.  P.  XXV. The  firft  rout,  from  the  limits,  that  is. from  the  Roman  wall  to  Praetorium  is 156  miles. Brampton ,  Camd.  Riechejler ,  Corbridge , Horfley. JValh-endy  Camd.  Ebchejler ,  Horfley. Bincbejler ,  Burton,  Horfley,  Gale,  &c. Catariff,  Camd.  Horfley,  &c. Aldburgb ,  Camden,  Horfley,  &c. 2  ORK. Aldby ,  Camden.  On  the  Derwent,  Hor¬ fley,  Stanfordburgb ,  Drake. Godjnondbatn ,  Weighton ,  Camden.  &c. Londejburgb ,  Drake. Patrington ,  Camden,  &c.  Hebberjtow- fields,  or  Broughton  in  Lincolnjhire , Horfley.  A  moveable  encampment, or  Spurnbead.  Drake. From  the  limits  of  the  Roman  empire  in  Britain  to  this  Praetorium ,  which  I  fuppofe was  a  camp  fomewhere  on  the  eaftern  fea  coaft  of  our  country,  is  fet  down  at  the  diftance of  one  hundred  and  fifty  fix  Italian  miles.  Which  agrees  very  well  with  our  prefent  com¬ puted  ones.  I  look  upon  this  rout  to  have  been  put  down  primarily,  take  it  backwards  or forwards,  as  a  convenient  paflage  for  auxiliary  troops  to  land  and  march  to  the  confines; or  return  from  thence  and  reimbark  for  Italy ,  or  any  other  part  of  the  empire.  In  both which  it  was  neceffary  to  call  at  York  to  take  orders  from  the  emperor,  or  the  propraetor in  his  abfence.  The  adjunct  of  legio  fexta  viftrix  to  Eboracum ,  as  well  as  legio  vice/,  vift. to  DEV  A,  Cbejler ,  in  the  next  iter  fhews  plainly  that  this  furvey  was  drawn  after  the  model of  Ptolemy's-,  who  mentions  both  thofe  ftations  in  like  manner.  From  whence  this  could ferve  for  no  other  ufe  than  as  a  map  or  dire&ory  of  the  country,  as  I  have  before  hinted, and  fora  memorial  of  the  ftations  of  thofe  two  important  legions. For  a  further  explanation  of  this  affair  I  fhall  beg  leave  to  tranfcribe  from  Ptolemy's  geo¬ graphical  defcription  of  Britain  his  account  of  the  Brigantine  towns,  as  they  were  fituated  in his  time.  It  is  here  to  be  noted,  that  though  Ptolemy  puts  down  none  but  the  chief ;  and though  ours  be  the  laft  of  eight  in  his  order  of  naming  them,  yet  they  are  there  geogra¬ phically  placed  according  to  their  fituations,  not  dignities. “  Again,  fouth  from  the  Elgovae  and  the  Otadeni ,  and  reaching  from  fea  to  fea,  are  the BRIGANTES ;  whofe  towns  are “  Epiacum , et  Vinnovium. “  Cataraftonium. “  Calatum. “  ISVRIVM. “  Rigodunum. te  Olicana. “  EBORACVM. LEGIO  SEXTA  VICTRIX. A tyiuv  Z. “  CAMVNLODVNVM. “  Befides  thefe  about  the  SINVS  PORTVOSVS,  or  the  well-havened  bay,  are  the ff‘  PARISI ;  and  the  town  PETVARIA.” The  principal  ftations  that  concern  my  defign,  are  put  in  Rotnan  capitals,  in  this  and  the former  abftraft,  the  reft  are  fir  too  diftant  for  it.  I  fhall  begin  then  with  ISVRIVM,  which being  the  neareft  ftation  to  us  on  the  north  road,  and  having  been  a  very  remarkable  Roman town  deferves  a  particular  difquifition. ISVRIVM,  called  alfo  in  the  itinerary  ISVBRIGANTVM,  which  is  no  more  than a  contraction  from  ISVRIVM  BRIGANTVM,  is  derived  by  Leland ,  from  the  rivers ISIS  and  EVRVS  ;  but  by  Camden  from  the  laft  only.  Mr.  Burton  has  a  learned  difier- tation  on  the  name  of  ISIS  given  to  rivers ;  of  which  Leland  writes  that  there  are  no  lefs than  three  in  this  ifland ;  but  I  am  afraid  it  would  not  be  thought  fignificant  enough  here to  infert  it.  The  river  Ure,  ftill  running  under  this  Town,  gives  us  a  proper  derivation of  its  name.  Mr.  Baxter  (p)  fuppoles  this  place  to  have  been  originally  a  britijh  city,  and (/)  Caput  hoc  era!  Britannici  generis,  fuuti  C  Eboracum,  R^manorum.  Glop.  Ant. Brit. fomc Chap.IL  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. fome  call  it  the  capital  cf  the  Brigantine  people.  Our  monkijh  writers,  who  hollow  Mot:- mouth’s  ftory,  are  of  this  opinion;  and  confidently  enough  affirm  (q)  that  this  place  was the  city  Aclud ,  or  Alclud  mentioned  above.  But  in  truth,  it  is  nothing  iefs ;  the  name  and walls  and  fevera!  other  teftimonies  (hew  plainly  that  this  town  was  of  Roman  extraction ;  and that  it  was  plac’d  on  this  river,  and  on  the  grand  road  to  York,  as  another  advance  guard to  fecure  that  important  place  on  this  fide.  The  name  of  Ifu-Brigantum  it  might  get  to diftinguifti  it  from  fome  other  of  the  fame  appellation  in  the  province.  There  is  no  doubt to  be  made  but  that  there  were  feveral  Roman  towns  and  ftations,  in  the  ifland,  whofe  names we  never  heard  of. This  ftation  was  firft  affigned  to  Aldburg,  near  Burrough-bridge,  by  J.  Leland ,  and  William Harrifon  ;  then  Camden ,  Burton,  Gale ,  Horjley,  &c.  have  fufficiently  confirmed  it.  The diftance  oflfurium  from  York,  is  put  down  in  the  firft  iter,  at  fourteen  miles,  but  in  the  reft at  lcventeen.  Which  laft  is  rather  too  much,  unlefs  there  were  two  ways  of  going  to  it from  the  city.  The  milliarium,  or  mille  paffus,  of  the  Romans  was  called  fo  from  its  con¬ fiding  of  one  thotifand  paces ;  each  containing  five  Roman  feet,  fomewhat  lefs  than  ours.  So, as  it  is  computed,  that  four  of  their  miles  make  only  one  French  league,  then  four  French  leagues from  York  to  Aldburgh,  which  I  believe  twelve  Yorkjhire  miles  may  be  allowed  to  meafure to,  will  fix  the  diftance  at  fixteen  Italian  miles  that  it  exactly  ftands  at.  the  copiers  of  the itineraiy,  may  well  be  allowed  a  mile  or  two,  over  or  under,  in  their  numerals  (r).  But was  the  diftance  from  York,  unafcertained,  yet  the  prefent  name  of  the  place,  the  fite""ofit and  the  many  undeniable  teftimonies  which  have  been  for  many  ages  and  are  ftill  found and  dug  up  here,  will  prove  beyond  contradiftion,  that  the  now  poor  Englijh  village  of Aldburgh  had  once  the  honour  to  be  the  Roman  town  IS  VR1VM.  As  I  fhall  have  frequent occafion  to  mention  this  Saxon  word,  or  termination.  Burgh,  in  the  fequel,  it  will  not be  improper  here  to  give  the  fence  of  our  etymologifts  upon  it. What  with  us  is  called  Brough,  Borough,  Bury,  (Ac.  is  taken  from  the  Saxon  Bupr, Bujige,  or  Bypij,  which  the  learned  Soinner  interprets  urbs ,  (s)  civitas,  arx,  cajlrum, lurgus,  municipium  ;  a  city,  a  fort,  a  fortrefs,  a  tower,  a  caftle,  a  borough,  afrce-borough’ a  city,  or  town  incorporate.  LJl  enim  locus  munilus  ad  falutem  hominum.  It  fignifies,’ adds  that  author,  any  fortified  place  for  the  fafety  of  mankind.  In  this  laft  fence  it  feems to  hit  our  purpofe  beft  ;  it  is  notorioufly  known  that  the  Saxons  made  ufe  of  and  pofleffed the  deferted  Roman  ftations  and  palaces,  and  kept  up  their  fortifications  till  they  were  beat out  of  them  by  the  Banes ,  who  burnt  and  deftroyed  many  of  thofe  fortreffes  to  the ground.  Burgh  then  was  a  common  appellation  for  fuch  a  fanftuary  ;  but  the  name  be¬ coming  at  laft  too  common,  without  an  adjunft,  by  way  of  diftinftion  it  was  given  ;  as  to Canterbury,  St.  Edmond’ s-bury,  Salijlury,  &c.  Jed-burgh,  Aldburgh,  New-burgh,  Ltmdef- htrgh.  See.  Nay  the  city  of  London  it  felf  was  fometimes  called  by  our  Saxon  Anceftors Lonbon-bypi£,  and  Lonfienbupje  (t).  In  later  times  when  they  fortified  any  place,  by* building  a  wall  about  it,  it  was  ufual  for  them  to  call  it  Burgh.  Ofwhich  we  have  an  in- ftance  in  Peterborough-,  whofe  more  ancient  name,  we  find,  was  Medejhamjlede  ■,  until  Kenulph the  abbot,  anno  963,  thought  fit  to  ereft  a  wall  round  the  monaftery,  and  then  lie  gave it  the  title  of  Burgh  (u). The  term,  or  termination,  Chejlcr,  or  Cafter,  is  alfo  of  great  fignificancy  in  finding  out the  more  remarkable  Roman  ftations  in  Britain.  The  Saxon  ceaycpe,  fays  Dr.  Gibfin,  bears a  plain  allufion  to  the  Roman  (x)  cajlrum ;  and  was  no  doubt  given  to  thofe  places’  where fuch  cajlra,  or  walled  fortifications,  were  found. For  this  reafon  the  city  of  York  is,  in  feveral  places  of  the  (y)  Saxon  annals,  called  limply Eeajtpe,  as  well  as  eopoppic-TeajEpe ;  which  honour  the  city  of  Chejler,  as  a  noted  ito- man  ftation,  keeps  to  this  day.  The  capital  city  of  the  Northumbrian  kingdom  in  the heptarchy,  needed  no  other  adjunft  to  diftinguilh  it ;  and  probably  it  would  now  have  been called  fo,  ft  the  Roman  name  EBORACVM,  which  venerable  Bede  gives  it  quite  through ffis  work  had  not  m  fome  meafure  ftuck  to  it,  though  ftrangely  corrupted  in  the  Saxon dialect.  Having  prenufed  thus  much,  I  return  to  Aldburgh. The  antiquaries  who  have  wrote  on  this  place  come  next  under  confideration  ;  and  I  be¬ lieve  it  will  not  be  unacceptable  to  the  reader  to  give  him  J.  Leland’s  account  of  it  in  his own  words  (z). (?)  R-  Higden’s  poliebron,  life. (>•)  In  a  late  edition  of  the  it  trier  aria  veterum  Roma- norum,  curante  Petro  Weilelir.gk)  cum  fuis  noth.  Am- fteJadami  MDCCXXXV. ISVRIVM. LBVRACM.  LEG.  VI.  YICTRIX.  M.P.  XVII. Not  A.  In  Blandiniano  M.  P.  XI II  I.  iff  in  fcquenti  it  in. M.  P.  XVII.  qui  numerus  refle  bujus  itineris  mnnfto- Tium  fumtnam  conficit.  In  Neapolitano  M.  P  .XVII.  iff in  libris  Longolianis  XIII 1.  iff  XII.  eorrigitur ;  iff  fc¬ quenti  itir/ere  M.  P .  XVII.  ab  liurio  Eboracum  adpo- vuntur. M  See  Som tier's  Saxon  dift.  Skinner's  etym.  ibid,  iff Gibjon  s  regulae  generates  de  nominibus  locorum.  Cbron, Saxon,  in  appendice. (t)  Cbron.  Saxon,  vide  indice m. (u)  Hie  [Kenulphus]  primus  extruxit  murum  circa monafierium,  aflum  indidit  ei  nomen  Burgh,  quod  an  tea appellatus  Medefhamilede.  Cbron.  Saxon,  ter  done  la  tin. p.  1 20. ( x)  Regulae  general,  ut  antea. (y)  See  the  table  of  names. ( zj  Lelandi  itin.  v.  vhL *3 « “  5TICt)t:rjjc The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Eook  I. “  Stobnrse  15  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  Ueurrotislj  bjigSC.  This  was  in  the  Romans "  J  Sreat  citte  on  CElatljIpnSrJf ICCt  called  Isvria  Bkicanivh  and  was  wallid “  whereof  I  fiiw  vejligia  quaedam fed  tenuia.  ’ “  The  cumpace  of  it  hath  been  by  eitimation  a  mile.  It  is  now  a  fmall  village  and  hathe “  :1  pat°ch  cliirch,  where  lie  buried  two  or  three  knights  of  the  aiotargcs,  Syr  ©utlielm and  Syr  KirfjarD  DC  &K)lHirg  ;  whofe  name  yet  remains  ther,  but  now  men  of  mem 41  fancies.  “ “  Ther  be  now  hrSe  feeIds  fruitful  of  corne  in  the  very  places  where  the  houfes  of  the “  towne  was  '■  and  ln  thefe  feelds  yerely  be  founde  many  coines  of  fiver  and  braffe  of  rhe 44  Romain  ftampe. Ther  alfo  have  been  found  fepulchres,  aquae  du ttus,  tejfdllata pavimenta,  &c. “  I  her  is  a  hilie  on  the  fide  of  the  feeld,  where  the  old  toune  was,  caulid  tofatharfe  iq 44  if  it  had  bene  the  kepe  of  a  caftelle.  J  C  ‘ Mr.  Camden  writes  of  this  place,  according  to  the  tranflation  of  his  learned  cominuator m  this  manner  (a).  ? “  ls  a  ;qJJaSe  which  carries  antiquity  in  its  very  name;  being  called  C'alDbojQUah or  !3lDbo?cugfj,  that  is  to  fay  an  old  borough.  There  T  now  little  or  no  figns  remain- 44  ing  of  a  city ;  the  plot  thereof  being  converted  into  arable  and  pafture  grounds  fo  that the  evidence  of  hiftory  ltfclf  would  be  fufpefted  in  teftifying  this  to  be  the  old  Ifurium if  the  name  of  the  river  Ure,  the  Roman  coins  continually  digged  up  here,  and  the  di- ftance  betwixt  it  and  York,  according  no  Antoninus,  were  not  convincing  and  undeni- 44  able.  ° See  the  plate Fig. Fig-  a. F'g  3. 4- 1  he  bifhop  proceeds  in  this  account,  and  in  being  a  little  more  particular,  as  he  fays on  the  remains  of  antiquity  they  have  met  with  in  this  place,  he  gives  the  fubftance  of  a letter  he  had  from  the  reverend  Mr.  Morris,  minifter  of  that  town,  in  thefe  words,  “  here “  are  form-  fragments  of  aquedufis,  cut  in  great  ftones  and  covered  with  Roman  tile!  In  the “  ,  “f1”*  warf>  a?  thcy  were  diSSing  4  cellar,  they  met  with  a  fort  of  vault,  leading,  as tis  laid,  to  the  river.  11  ol  Roman  work,  for  it  has  not  yet  met  with  any  one  curious  e- “  n°VSh  iZ  f?rc!1  itvit  mi?ht  Pf°bably  be  arepofitory  for  the  dead.  The  coins,  gene¬ rally  of  brafs,  but  fofne  lew  of  lilver,  are  rhoftly  of  Conftantine  and  Caraufius.  There are  too  ot  Maximum ,  D'mlrfian ,  Valerias:,  Sevens,  Perlinax,  Aurelius ,  and  of  other “  emPfrors  *  as  alf°  of  Ftmfina  and  Julia.  They  meet  with  little  Roman  heads  of  brafs ; and  have  formerly  alio  found  coined  pieces  of  gold,  with  chains  of  the  fame  metal  but “  ™neof  “tc.  About  two  years  ago  were  found  four  fignet  polillied  Hones  ;  three  where  - “  ot  were  cornel,,, ns  The  firft  had  a  horde  upon  it,  and  a  ftmr.p  of  laurel  Ihooring  out ‘  branches.  1  he  fecOnd  a  Roman  fitting  with  a  facrifidng  dilh  in  one  hand  and “  renting  the  other  fon  a  Rlfcar.  The  thild  a  Riiikart,  if  not  Pallas,  with  a  fpcar  in  one hand,  wearing  a  helmet,  with  a  Ihield  on  the  back,  or  on  the  other  arm,  and  under “  that  fomething  like  a  quiver  hanging  to  the  knee.  The  fourth  of  a  purple  colour “  has  a  Roman  head  like  Severn,  or  Anlmne,  Several  pavements  have  been  found  about ••  a  foot  under  ground  ;  compared  about  with  ftones  about  an  inch  fquare  ;  but  with- “  “  arLot'T1!?neS  °f  a  ftuarter  that  tignefs,  wrought  into  knots  and  flowers  after the  Mojaick  fajbion.  No  altars  are  met  with,  but  pieces  of  urns  and  old  glafs  are  coin- “  mon.  In  the  veftry  wall  of  the  church  is  placed  a  figure  of  Pan,  or  Sihanu  ,  in  one 44  rough  itone  nyched. Rir.  Morris,  from  whom  the  learned  bifhop  had  this  account,  was  a  divine  of  great  ho¬ nour  and  integrity,  and  was  vicar  of  Allburgh  above  forty  years.  Since  his  time  feveral  meat curiofities  have  been  dilcovered  at  this  place;  particularly,  about  four  years  ago,  in  digging the  foundation  of  a  houfe  here,  a  mofaick  pavement  (b)  was  laid  open  of  Angular  figure  and beauty  It  is  now  about  two  foot  from  the  level  of  the  ftreet,  and  is  an  oblong  fquare  of about  fix,  though  there  was  more  of  it  than  they  could  take  into  the  houfe.  This  pave¬ ment  is  well  preferved,  and  (hewn  by  an  old  woman,  who  keeps  the  houfe,  to  ftran<*ers. It  is  fomewhat  remarkable,  that  the  name  of  this  poor  old  creature  is  Aldburgh,  pSba- bly  the  lalt  ot  that  family ,  which  LelanA  mentions,  and  who  were  once  lords  of  this town. At  the  door  of  this  cottage  I  was  fhewn  another  teffelated  pavement  of  a  different  form from  the  other;  and  though  not  above  two  or  three  yards  from  it,  is  a  foot  nearer  the furface  of  the  ftreet.  We  bared  as  much  of  it  as  to  take  the  figure;  the  former  was compared  of  white  and  black  fquares,  with  a  border  of  red ;  but  the  ftones  of  this were  Idler  fquares,  and  were  white,  yellow,  red ,  and  blue.  Not  long  fmee  more pavements  of  this  kind  were  difeovered  on  a  hill  called  the  Burrough  hill.  Here  was  like- wflethe  foundation  walls  of  a  confiderable  building  laid  open.  Two  bafes  of  pillars  of fome  regular  order.  Large  ftones,  of  the  grit  kind,  with  joints  for  cramping.  Sacrificing velfeJs.  I- lews,  or  hollow  fquare  pipes  for  conveyance  of  imoke  or  warm  air.  Bones  and ( a)  Gibfons  Camden  ill  td. (b)  Mofaick  work  came  originally  from  Greece,  but ’tis  plain  that  it  had  been  ufed  in  Italy  for  near  two thoufand  years.  Vitruvius ,  who  lived  in  the  time  of  Au- gufhis,  fpeaks  of  it  under  the  term  of  opus  JtElile ,  pavi- menta  fefUlia,  opera  mufaea,  cr  mufiva.  It  was  alfo called  teffalatum. horns Chap. II.  cf  the  CITY  s/YORK. horns  of  beails,  moftly  flags.  An  ivory  needle,  and  a  copper  Roman  ftyle,  orpin.  From all  which  we  may  reafonably  fuppofe,  that  a  temple  was  formerly  built  in  this  place.  I am  informed  his  grace  die  duke  of  fifewcajlle,  the  prefent  lord  of  Aldburgh ,  has  ordered  a houfe  to  be  built  over  the  pavements,  to  fecure  them  from  the  weather.  But  left  thisfhould not  prove  fo,  and  thefe  fine  remains  of  Roman  ingenuity  fhould  wholly  pcrifh,  I  have caulcd  them  to  be  drawn,  as  exactly  as  pofiible,  and  do  here  prefent  the  reader  with  a  view of  them. The  antient  walls  of  this  town,  which  are  yet  eafily  traced,  meafure  to  2  500  yards  in  circu¬ mference,  fomewhat  more  than  a  mile  and  an  half  round.  The  form  is  near  fquare.  About a  hundred  paces  from  the  fouth  wall  is  the  hill  called  Stodhart ,  or  Studforth ,  which  Leland fpeaks  Of.  It  is  a  kindofa  femicircle,  which  fhape  would  tempt  one  to  believe  it  had  been a  theatre.  A  neighbouring  minifter  does  imagine  that  the  prefent  name  of  this  hill  is  deri¬ ved  from  the  Latin  Stadium ,  which  fignifies  a  plot  of  ground  for  champions  or  combatants, to  perform  their  exercifes  in.  Suetonius  tells  us,  that  a  very  noble  one  was  built  for  Domitian at  Rome(c).  But  whether  this  conjecture  is  probable,  I  leave  to  the  reader’s  judgment.  I take  it  to  have  been  an  out- fort  or  work  for  the  greater  fecurity  of  the  town  on  this  fide  i the  great  military  way  coming  dole  by  it. But  now  I  mention  the  road,  I  am  perfuaded  that  the  prefent  poft-road  was  not  the  Ro - man  way  from  Aldburgh  to  York.  And  though  the  traces  of  another  be  very  imperfect  at this  day,  the  country  hereabouts  having  a  deep  moift  foil,  fo  that  the  agger  of  it  is  wholly funk  ■,  yet  we  may  reafonably  fuppofe,  that  there  was  once  a  different  communication  be¬ twixt  thefe  two  important  ftations.  There  are  two  roads  yet  obvious  that  direct  to  this place,  which  I  have  mentioned  before;  the  one  is  the  grand  military  way  that  runs  from T adc after ;  the  other  comes  out  of  Lancajhire  to  Skipton ;  from  thence  I  have  traced  it  my felf  to  Belton- bridge,  and  to  Blueburgh-hou/es ,  over  Knarejlurgh-  forejl  to  the  town;  near  the bridge  of  which  is  a  very  fine  piece  of  it  entire.  From  thence  it  went  in  a  direct  line  to^/c/W^. But  there  are  no  fuch  vifible  remains  of  the  road  we  are  feeking  for ;  tradition  indeed  points us  out  what  the  inhabitants  of  this  place  call  to  this  day  the  old  way  to  York ,  to  lyfe  fouth-eaft, and  brings  us  to  a  ford  over  the  river  Oufe ,  now  ^iDlnarfe-'fcrr^.  This  name  denotes  fome antient  Roman  work  or  fortrefs  to  have  formerly  flood  here,  as  a  guard  to  the  river  which  is often  fordable  at  this  place;  and  it  is  very  probable  the  road  to  York  led  this  way.  From whence  it  might  flrike  in  a  direct  line  over  the  foreft  of  Galtres ,  by  Benningburgh (d),  to  the city.  This  was  the  opinion  of  the  late  Mr.  Morris  ;  and  I  have  feen  a  letter  to  him  from that  great  antiquary  dean  Gale ,  to  confirm  it.  Thefe  roads,  the  walls  of  Ifurium,  and  what other  things  I  have  treated  on,  relating  to  that  ftation,  will  be  better  underftood  by  the annexed  plan  or  ichnography  of  it,  or  the  map  of  the  vale  and  county  of  York ,  in  which the  Roman  roads  to  this  place  the  city,  (Ac.  are  all  delineated. It  is  impoffible  to  be  at  Aldburgh  and  not  take  notice  of  Bur  rough -bridge,  which  has fprung  up  out  of  the  ruins  of  the  former.  For  a  monkifh  ( e )  writer  tells  us,  it  continued  in great  fplendour  till  it  was  burned  by  the  Danes ,  who  almoil  fet  all  England  in  a  flame  about the  year  766.  Burrough  bridge  may  be  plainly  feen  to  have  been  built  from  the  old  Ifurium, whofe  very  walls  yielded  fuch  a  quantity  of  flint  pebbles,  as  has  not  only  paved  the  ftreets of  both  thefe  towns,  but  has  ferved  for  all  their  out-buildings,  as  yards,  llables,  (Ac. Tradition  tells  us  that  the  antient  bridge  over  the  river  Ure  lay  at  the  foot  of  Aldburgh ; and  they  have  this  authority  to  confirm  it.  Some  lands  that  lye  in  their  fields,  and  ftretch  to the  river-fide,  are  called  H5.iig?gatC0.  Befides,  I  am  told  a  great  beam  of  folid  oak  was taken  up  not  many  years  ago  out  of  the  river  here,  which  had  been  part  of  this  bridge ; and  was  fo  hard  and  black  as  to  ferve  to  inlay  the  canopy  of  their  prefent  pulpit  in  the church.  When  our  anceltors  thought  fit  to  alter  the  road  and  build  a  bridge  about  half  a mile  above  the  old  one,  a  town  immediately  fprung  up  with  it,  whofe  name  includes  no more  than  a  borough  or  town  at  a  bridge.  This  is  at  prefent  a  fine  ftone-bridge,  but  there muft:  have  been  a  wooden  one,  alfo  here,  in  the  reign  of  Ed.  II.  for  we  are  told,  by  our  hifto- rians,  that  in  a  battle  here,  where  Thomas  earl  of  Lancajler  was  taken  prifoner,  Humphrey de  Bohun ,  earl  of  Hereford,  was  (lain  upon  the  bridge  by  a  foldier,  who  ftruck  him  into  the belly  with  a  lpear  from  under  it  (f). But  our  principal  bulinefs  at  Burrcugh-bridge  is  to  take  particular  notice  of  the  pyramids in  its  neighbourhood,  which  are  wonders  indeed;  and  which  I  propofe  to  Ihevv  areo i' Roman extraction,  and  are  all  folid  flones.  Thefe  flu  pend  011s  monuments  of  antiquity  have  long borne  the  name  of  the  devil's  arrows,  and  a  ridiculous  traditional  ftory  is  told  of  them  by the  country  people  hereabouts.  They  probably  had  this  name  given  them  in  the  times  of ignorance  and  monkery  ;  when  any  thing  beyond  their  comprehenfion  was  aferibed  to  mi- (c)  Studio  ad  tern  pus  extra  fio.  Suet,  in  Dom.  Dr. Stuke/e y  obferves,  that  molt  amphitheatres  abroad  are  pla¬ ced  without  the  citie?,  for  wholcfomenefs,  and  upon  ele¬ vated  ground,  for  the  benefit  of  the  air,  and  perflation ;  a thing,  he  fays,  much  recommended  by  Vitruvius ,  Stukc- lefs  iter  curiofttm. H (d)  Benningburgh  feems  to  be  derived  from  Bupg  a fortified  town  and  Bene  prayer  j  this  place  having  been antiently  given  to  fome  religious  houfe?  in  York,  to  pray for  the  fouls  of  the  donors.  See  St.  Mark's  abbey,  Sc. Leonard's  liofpital.  £sV. (t)  Rad.  Higden,  polichron (f)  Vide  annul,  fub  anno  1321. racle 2(5 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book I. racle  or  witchcraft.  So  you  have  the  devil's  quoiles  in  Oxfordjhire,  the  devil's  caufway  in LancaJJoire,  &c.  “  Dr.  Plot,  fays  the  learned  bifhop  Gibfon  (g),  is  of  opinion,  they  were  a “  Britijh  work,  erefted  in  memory  of  fome  battle  fought  there,  or  Britijh  deities,  agree'- “  inS  w'th  Dr.  Slillingfleet,  grounding  upon  the  cuftom  of  the  Pbenicians  and  Greeks  ;  who, “  fay  they,  were  nations  undoubtedly  acquainted  with  Britain,  before  the  arrival  of  the “  Romans,  and  who  fet  up  unpolifhed  ftones,  inftead  of  images,  to  the  honour  of  their “  gods.”  How  far  the  two  nations,  here  mentioned,  were  acquainted  with  the  mechani¬ cal  powers,  I  know  not;  but  1  am  perfuaded  the  poor  Britons  were  not  only  defti- tute  ot  tools  to  hew  fuch  blocks  of  ftone  out  of  the  quarry,  for  fuch  I  take  them  to  be  but alfo,  utterly  incapable  to  bring  them  away,  and  ereft  them  in  this  place. If  we  fuppofe  them  fet  up  as  Pagan  deities,  it  does  not  difprove  that  they  might  be  erec¬ ted  by  the  Romans  in  honour  of  fome  of  their  gods.  The  Egyptians,  from  whom  the  Ro¬ mans  copied  many  idolatrous  fuperftitions,  we  are  told  by  Herodotus,  erefted  pyramids, which  were  thought  by  them  to  be  a  fymbol  of  human  life.  The  beginning  whereof  is  re- .  prefented  by  the  bottom,  and  the  end  by  the  apex,  or  top;  on  which  account  it  was,  they u!cd  to  ereft  them  on  fepulchres.  Herodian  teftifies,  that  Heliogabalus,  which  is  the  Baal  of the  Tyrians,  was  worfhipped  in  a  great  ftone,  round  at  bottom,  and  ending  in  a  cone,  to fignify  the  nature  of  Hre.  In  the  like  figure,  Tacitus  reports,  that  Venus  Papbia  was  wor- II lipped  ;  which  is,  fays  a  (h)  learned  author,  the  moon,  Hftarte,  the  wife  of  Baal,  he  fup- poles,  for  the  Cyprian  fuperftition  is  likely  to  come  from  the  Tyrians.  He  adds,  I  find  al¬ fo,  that  Lapis  has  been  a  furname  of  Jupiter-,  Jupiter  Lapis. Thefeftones  are  placed  near  the  meeting  of  four  Roman  high  roads;  the  firft  from  Cata- riet,  the  fecond  from  Ickley  by  Knarejlurgb,  the  third  from  Cajtleford  over  St.  Helen' s-ford near  Tadcafter  ;  and  the  fourth  comes  hither  from  York. That  profound  antiquary,  dean  Gale,  was  of  opinion,  that  thefe  pyramids  were  Roman-, and  that  they  were  their  Hermae  or  Mercurys  (i)-,  becaufe  placed  on  the  greateft  military way  they  had  in  Britain.  Thiswould  be  a  ftrong  argument,  that  our  road  was  the  Ermine- jlreet ;  and  no  weak  confirmation  of  Mr.  Selden' s  notion,  who  derives  that  word  from  the Saxon  Ipmunpull.  1  am  told,  that  Dr.  Gble  afeended  to  the  top  of  one  or  more  of thefe  ftones,  to  fee  if  there  was  not  a  cavity  to  place  a  head  in,  as  was  ufual  in  the  Roman Mercurys-,  but  nothing  of  that  nature  was  found  upon  them.  That  they  are  rude  and Ihew  no  figns  of  Roman  elegance,  in  their  make,  is  not  fignificant.  It  is  well  known  they affefted  a  rudenefs  often,  where  fomething,  of what  the  French  call  the  marveilleux,  concur¬ red.  I  take  the  famous  Stonehenge  to  be  a  kind  of  Roman  monument  of  inimitable  ftrufture. But  it  is  a  much  eafier  matter  to  fuppofe  our  obelilks  Roman,  than  to  prove  for  what  reafori they  were  erefted  ;  they  feem  to  me  to  be  either  fepulchral  monuments,  or  trophies  of fome  viftory ;  of  this  laft  opinion  was  J.  Leland,  who,  in  his  travels  to  thefe  parts,  has  given us  this  defeription  of  them  (k). “  A  little  witnoute  the  toune  of  Burrough-bridge,  on  the  weft  part  of  OEIafling.-ffrecf,  ftan- '  dith  four  great  main  ftones,  wrought  above  in  comm,  by  mennes  handes. “  They  be  fet  in  three  feveral  feldes  at  this  tyme  ;  one  of  them  ftandith  in  a  feveral  feld “  a  good  ftonecaft  from  the  other,  and  is  bigger  and  higher  than  the  reft.  I  eftcem  it  to “  be  the  waite  of  five  waine  load  or  mo. “  Infcription  could  I  finde  none  yn  thes  ftones;  and  yf  therwere,  it  might  be  woren “  out;  for  they  be  fore  woren  and  fcalid  with  wether. “  I  take  them  to  be  tropbaea  a  Romanis  pojita  yn  the  fide  of  UStatljelungslfrCEt,  as “  yn  a  place  much  occupyed  in  yorneying,  and  fo  much  yn  fyght.”  ’ Another  difpute  which  has  long  been  amongft  our  antiquaries,  though  I  think  with  very fmall  reafon,  is  the  nature  of  thefeftones,  and  whether  they  are  not  acompofition.  Mr.  Camden broached  this  notion  firft,  and  fuppofes  them  to  be  a  compound  of  fand,  lime  and  fmall pebbles  cemented  together.  Without  doubt,  as  Dr.  Lifter  obferves  (l),  the  bulk  of  the ftones  furprifed  him  ;  as  not  thinking  it  pofiible  for  the  art  of  man  to  contrive  to  fet  them up.  When,  if  he  had  confidered  what  triBes  thefe  are,  compared  with  the  leaft  obelilks  at Rome,  fome  of  which  were  brought  by  water  from  Egypt,  the  wonder  would  have  vanifli- ed,  and  he  might  have  concluded,  that  nothing  of  this  nature  was  too  hard  for  Roman  in¬ genuity.  The  pyramids  are  truly  of  the  moft  common  fort  of  ftone  we  have  in  the  north of  England,  called  the  coarfe  rag-jtone ,  or  miln-ftone  grit.  A  large  rock  of  which  ftone and  from  which  probably  thefe  obelilks  were  taken,  is  at  Plumpton,  within  five  miles  of them.  And  if  Mr.  Camden  alfo  fuppofed,  that  there  was  no  Engli/h  rock  big  enough  to yield  natural  ftones  of  that  magnitude,  he  might  have  known  that  a  little  above  Icily,  ano¬ ther  Roman  ftation,  within  fixteen  miles  of  Burrough-bridge,  there  is  one  folid  bed  of  this fort  of  ftone,  whofe  perpendicular  depth  only  will  yield  obelilks  at  leaft:  thirty  foot  long. If  they  were  a  compofition,  it  mull  be  allowed  more  wonderful  than  the  other  opinion  ;  for (g)  Add.  to  Camden's  lad  edition.  (k)  Lelandi  itin.  v.  8. (b)  Cowley's  notes  on  his  Davideis,  book  2.  (/)  Philoloph.  tranfaftions,  v.  ?.  Low  thorp's  abride. (:)  Gales  itin.  Ant. I  have of  the  CITY  of  YORK. Chap  II. I  have  by  me  a  piece  of  an  obelifk,  and  a  piece  of  the  rock,  at  Plumpton ;  and  it  is  impoffi ble  to  tell  the  difference.  T  u I  here  obferve  further  along  with  our  famous  Dr.  Lifter  (m),  thatalmoft  all  the  monu¬ ments  of  the  Romans  with  us  are  of  this  fort  ot  ftone,  as  appears  by  what  remains  in  the  an- nent  gates  ot fork,  and  the  great  quantity  ot  it  that  is  wrought  up  in  moll  of  our  churches and  is  flail  daily  dug  out  of  foundations.  It  is  well  known  by  what  we  fee  of  Roman  induftry’ at  this  alliance  from  them,  that  their  whole  ftudy  was  to  build  fo  as,  if  poffible  to  Jail  m perpetuity.  For  this  reafon  the  grand  architebl  Vitruvius  lays  it  down  for  a  rule  in  bui'ldins of  houfes  temples  &e.  that  materials  of  all  kinds  Ihould  be  got  ready  three  years  before hand.  And  at  the  fame  time  recommends  building  with  this  fort  of  ftone  or  brick  as  the  only prefervative  ,n  cafe  ol  fire  ;  for  they  will  equally  Hand  it  like  a  crucible,  when  mod  otheV kmd  of  ftone,  and  even  marble  itfelf,  will  fly,  with  heat,  into  a  thoufand  pieces  The beauty  of  a  building  lyes  in  the  proportion,  notin  the  whitened  of  its  ftone  ;  and  the  Ro mans  would  have  laughed  at  the  foppery,  if  I  may  fo  call  it,  of  feveral  in  our  age  who co]our°  miny  m‘  ^  Vaft  cxPence>  for  ftone  t0  build  with,  only  for  the  fiike  of  its Another  qualification  that  the  grit-ftone  has,  is,  that  it  is  fcarce  to  be  impaired  by  time or  weather.  Our  natural, fts  obferve,  that  it  gains  rather  than  lofes,  by  the  particles  b  the air  adhering  to  its  rough  coat.  For  this  reafon,  and  the  former,  all  their  palaces  tern pies,  eye.  with  us,  were  certainly  built  of  it,  and  everywhere  elfe  in  the  ifland  where  they  could get  it;  almoft  all  their  monumental  infcriptions,  found  in  the  north,  were  cut  in  one  kind °r  othei  of  it.  I  heir  farcophagi,  or  ftone  coffins,  were  entirely  grit.  Nay  their  flames  were of  the  lame,  which  Dr  .Lifter  gives  an  undeniable  inftance  off  avail  Roman  head  perhaps fays  he  of  one  of  their  emperors,  was  dug  out  of  the  foundations  of  feme  houfes  in  clh- gate  dork.  It  had  a  neck  or  fquare  pedeftal  of  one  folid  ftone,  with  the  pointof the  fquare  to  the  eye  ;  and  was  adds  he,  of  as  coarfe  a  grit  as  that  of  the  obelilks  above- mentioned  I  have  to  add,  from  the  aforefaid  author,  that  he  alfo  faw  a  large  pedeftal which  had  been  the  bafe  of  fome  mighty  pillar,  of  this  coarfe  rag,  found  in  his  LLr  rt ^.yoTthis1 ‘kfndSf  k£dy  MA,dbUrgh'  and  WhiCK  "°W  »  be  aredt It  may  be  thought  folly  in  me  to  fay,  that  in  my  walks  about  this  city,  when  I  call  mv granUdPe0im!lnyA0nrithTSft0ne’r  h  an  awful  reverence  of  the  once  Roman  ftate  and K,Wd  , A  d  aH  bu  ?bfelT  here’  that  as  the  churches  of  AlcUmrgh,  Burrough- tndge,  Mylon,  anc \Oufeburn  have  ftore  ot  this  grit;  fome  of  it  with  the  evident  marks  of ISVRTVM  wr0usht.“prn  the  walls  of  them,  which  could  come  from  no  place  but  the  oM IS  \  f°  cT 1 re  jmd  ot  f*one’  fome  ln  mighty  blocks,  which  the  churches,  mates  and walls  of  York  are  ful  of .  does  moft:  afluredly  evince  us,  whofe  work  they  wereoriginX  of what  mafons  and  architefts  had  the  firft  cutting  and  erefting  of  them  ■  and  at  tlrfl  ’ gives  usa  faint  tar  dirtant  view  of  the  ruins  of  thofe  two  eminent ihrions  ™ But  to  return  to  the  obelilks.  What  fort  of  mechanifm  they  ufed  to  draw  thefe  mon ftrous  Hones,  ,s  not  fo  eafy  to  account  for.  Dr.  Huntington,  in  his  account  of  rheov  T of  Egytt,  m  whofe  compofition  are  many  flupendous  blocks  of  marble,  has  endeavoured to  give  fome  notion  of  the  mechanical  powers  that  were  ufed  in  erecting  them  A  vlrv  in gemous  gentlemen,  well  verfed  in  this  kind  of  knowledge,  has  told  me  That  TJ  7 Hones  ot  ours  might  have  been  moved  hither  upon  rollers  But  this  m’nftha  h  ^ infinite  labourand  pains,  befides  time.  And  howXufl  all Xff  L  n^^Wpid XthX1  in Head  of  fix  or  fixteen  miles  from  the  quarry,  they  not  one  of  thefe  b  of  ’ 11tfy7Jd!ff0nymikS  fmmany^rry  of  of  ftone;  and  over  a  verfun  oZ brook  near  the  town.  There  is  a^lace  marked and  the  height  of  it,  according  to  Dr.  Gale,  was  21  font  The  th  P  !,  tood; in  a  line,  about  a  ftone’s  caft  from  one  another.  In  the  year  1 7oq  "S near have  mentioned  before,  caufed  the  ground  about  themiddlemoft70f  thrfe  oSs’toWhe°m  1 ned  nine  toot  wide  “  At  firft  a  good  foil  was  found  about  a  foot  deep  and  the„  °Pr of  Hones,  rough  and  of  feveral  kinds,  but  moft  were  large  cobbles  (XhlXla  H bed  of  coarfe  gnt  and  clay;  and  fo  for  four  or  five  courfes underneath  one  ano  hir  “  5 about  the  pyramid  in  all  probability,  to  keep  it  upright;  nevertheless they A Tr°Und enclme  a  little  to  the  fouth-eaft.  Under  the  Hones  was  a  very  ftronJ  /v  V T  j “  that  the  fpade  could  not  affeft  it.  This  was  near  two  j  7  ™nS  day,  fo  hard “  the  earth,  and  a  little  lower  was  the  bottom  of  the  ftone  reftinXponX  fur&“  of flat.  As  much  of  the  ftone  as  was  within  ground  is  a  little  thicker  rh  X?  and  Was “  ab0TC’  the  marks  of  a  firft  drefting  upon  it ;  ^ 27 (m)  Ab.  philofoph  tranfafl.  v.  3. “  dolata , 7 he  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI, “  dolata ,  ferro.  The  entire  height  of  this  ftone,  is  thirty  toot  fix  inches  from  the “  bottom  ”  (n). The  foundations  of  thefe  ftones  being  laid  with  the  fame  clay  and  pebble  as  the  walls  of Aldburgh ,  is  another  convincing  proof  of  their  being  Roman,  as  well  as  the  marks  of  the chiflel  upon  them,  beneath  ground,  afiure  us  that  they  are  no  compofitions,  but  natural ftones.  After  fuch  a  long  deputation  on  thefe  wonders,  it  will  not  be  improper  for  me  to exhibit  a  view  of  them.  They  are  taken  by  fcale,  by  which  the  height  and  other  di- menfions  are  fhewn.  The  furrows  on  the  top  of  each  are  fuppofed  by  fome  to  have  been worn  by  rain  and  weather;  but  it  is  my  opinion  they  were  cut  fo  at  firft,  in  order to  carry  off  the  wet.  The  landfcape  lhews  their  fi  matron  and  the  place  where  the  fourth (tone  formerly  ftood. Having  now  faid  what  I  can  on  thefe  obelifks,  I  (hall  return  to  Aldburgh.  And  not- withftanding  the  teftimonies  of  all  the  eminent  antiquaries  I  have  cited,  with  its  own  moft convincing  proofs  of  a  Roman  ftation,  a  late  writer  (o ),  in  his  furvey  of  England,  has  thought fit  to  place  Ifurium  at  Ripon.  This  affertion  can  mean  nothing  but  novelty,  there  being not  one  convincing  argument  to  prove  it.  For  though  that  author  has  been  fagacious  e- nough  in  fome  other  difeoveries  in  Britain  -,  yet  when  he  afferts  this,  and  with  the  like  ar- bitrarinefs  has  carried  LEGIOLIVM  to  Doncafter ,  I  mult  beg  leave  to  diffent  from  him in  both. That  I  may  omit  nothing  that  has  been  faid  by  the  learned,  on  the  fubjeeff  of  this  ftation and  obelifks,  I  (hall  fubjoin  a  tranfeript  of  a  letter  fent  by  Mr.  Morris  to  the  bifhop  of  Lon¬ don,  before  the  publication  of  his  laft  edition  of  Camden.  The  copy,  under  his  own  hand, was  found  in  his  ftudy,  after  his  death,  and  communicated  to  me  by  the  reverend  Mr. Prance  of  Eafingwold.  The  fubftance  of  it  is  given  by  the  learned  bifhop  in  the  edition aforefaid;  but  as  it  will  compleat  all  that  can  now  be  laid  on  this  fubjeeft,  fo  I  beg  leave to  give  it  in  the  author’s  own  words.  I  hope  it  may  prove  an  incitement  to  the fucceffors  of  that  curious  perfon,  to  imitate  him  in  recording  every  thing  which  may  here¬ after  be  difeovered  in  a  place  fo  fruitful  of  Roman  anak'J : . tc  Reverend  Dr.  Gibfon ,  Aldburgh,  Julii  nit.  17,0s. “  y  Am  informed,  by  the  very  indurtrious  antiquary  Mr.  Thorfhy,  of  your  defire  to  put |  forth  another  edition  of  Camden,  which  will  be  very  grateful  to  all  lovers  of  that “  kind  of  ufcful  learning  j  wherein  I  heartily,  wifh  you  good  fuccefs :  But  being  a  little  con- “  cerned  in  your  laft  edition,  by  the  publifhing  a  letter  of  mine,  writ  to  the  very  learned “  Dr.  Tanned  Robinfon,  concerning  this  place,  which  I  intended  not  for  the  publick,  in “  that  loofe  ftyle  I  writ  it,  as  to  a  friend  j  without  that  regard  1  fhould  have  done,  if  l “  had  expefted  that  honour  from  you.  This,  Sir,  and  Mr.  Thorejby' s  invitation,  joined “  with  a  defire  of  ferving  you,  gives  you  the  trouble  of  my  fccond  thoughts.  Wherein, “  if  you  find  any  thing  ufcful,  pleafe  to  give  it  a  drefs  fuitable  to  your  own,  both  in  ftyle “  and  method. “  That  the  pyramids  of  Burrough-bridge  are  natural,  appears  very  fully  from  fome  feums, “  as  taken  from  its  bed,  near  Knarefborough,  or  at  Plinnpt on-tower,  built  of  ftonr  of  the “  fame  grit-,  from  whence  ftones  of  a  much  larger  proportion  might  be  raifed.  We  have “  much  of  the  fame  kind  in  our  old  buildings-,  doubtlels,  coming  from  the  fame  quarry, “  diftant  about  five  miles.  That  thefe  were  ereCted,  as  Mr.  Camden  conjectures,  for  tro- u  phies,  may  feem  probable ;  if  we  refer  to  the  tradition  held,  that  Severn  s,  dying  -xiTork, “  left  the  empire  to  his  two  fons,  Caracalla  and  Geta,  which  was  acceptable  to  the  em- tc  prefs,  and  approved  of  by  the  foldiers,  but  not  to  the  two  brothers-,  but  they  were  re- “  conciled  by  the  mediation  of  the  emprefs  and  a  fifter  (p).  In  memory  whereof,  four “  ftones  were  ereCted,  but  three  only  now  remain  -,  for  one  was  taken  down  the  laft  centu- “  ry.  That  the  Britons  had  the  art  of  cementing  grit,  and  of  carriage  of  fuch  ldupendous “  weighty  ftones,  I  have  received  no  caufe  to  believe.  Neither  can  I  fublcribe  to  the “  opinion  of  the  moft  learned  Dr.  Stilling  fleet,  that  the  Romans  or  Grecian  had  (uch  prodi- “  gious  reprefentatives  for  their  little  gods  at  their  gates  to  receive  their  libations. “  Ifurium  Brigantium  is  now  a  ffnall  country  village,  containing  within  the  old  Roman “  walls,  as  appeared  by  a  late  furvey,  fixty  acres.  Almoft  a  direCt  lquare,  upon  a  de- “  dining  hill  towards  the  river  Ure  on  the  north  fide.  itoaDgate,  leading  to  the  old  Ca- “  taradlonium ,  went  through  it  to  Millby  over  an  old  wooden  bridge.  The  way  through “  the  meadows  may  yet  be  traced,  and  bears  the  name  of  515’jggatC5,  near  halt  a  mile  e-ait “  of  the  prefent  bridge.  The  ojjd  walls  were  about  four  yards  thick,  foundedon  large  peb- “  bles,  laid  on  a  bed  of  blue  clay,  now  wholly  covered  with  earth,  but  laid  open  by  fuch “  as  want  ftones  for  building-,  where  they  have  fome  large  coarfe  ftones  ot  red.  landy  grit, “  taken  from  a  rock  of  the  fame  in  the  town.  To  the  clay,  viz.  the  foundation,  in  feveral (n)  Hearn's  notes  on  LelantTs  itinerary.  Mr.  Morris ,  equal  to  the  Stone  itfdf. in  his  letter  to  Mr.  Hearn,  does  not  tell  him,  that  he  (0)  N.  Salmon. thruft  in  a  quantity  of  king  William's  halfpence  under  this  [p]  This  traditional  account  ;s  Hill  frefh  in  the  mouth; Hone,  and  fome  of  queen  Anne's  medals,  which,  if  ever  of  the  country  people  hereabouts ;  though  how  they  came they  be  found,  in  future  ages,  will  caufe  a  wonder  almoft  by  the  ftory  is  impoffible  to  know. P  2  8 aZ  BEBBOZB ABRIDGE . rtytM/ao/M  monumatt)  p/'a/i/iir<i'lii  TVymi  FairJa sZy. r/ii.1  iwtr r/'t/em  tc  //iu  nwri  ,i  /•  .Zrity.  ,-t6. 1=2 /  -Jra/s-  o/',r?G>^0 U&Jt  tone  j/on/e/ i <:t  /e/u/t/  overt/ rp w  k (f&Kroy  t/cje one of , t/e/c/i.  coom?nff(o/t:rj  of' u  rufo mo ^ire/en to Chap. II.  of  the  CITY  j/,Y,ORK. “  places  is,  four  or  five  yards  deep.  The  foil  is:  all.  of  a  black  eafth;  from,  whence  the  tradi- “  tion  may  be  allowed  of,  that  it  was  burnt  by  the  Danes,  when  Tork  .was  almpft  defrayed “  by  them.  And  this  alfo  appears  frequently,  upon  opening  the  ground, -bones  are,  found “  half  burned,  with  other  black  allies,  which  appears  not  unlike  a  vein  of  black  earth “  covered  with  a  lighter  colpur.  That  it  was  a  Roman  colony  phe.autlion  well  proves  from “  the  coins  frequently  found,  not  many  elder  than  Claudius, .  yet  fome  of  Augujlus  Caefar ; “  and  fo  down  to  the  Antomms,  with  Carauftus-,  two  of  the  thirty  tyrapts,  vjz.  RMumus “  and  .Telricus_ ;  alfo  CaraSicus .  and  Alebhts ;  but,  Conflai/tines  are  mod:  abounding.  Several “  veffels  of  red  earth,  broken,  wrought  with  knots,  ,  flowers,  ■  heads,  as ,  fine  with,  that  qf “  Jupiter  Ammon-,  others. with  birds  or  beafts,  and  ,  Cqme'-'  with  'Qapftfprns  upon  them. “  °ne  httle  lamp  of  earth  entire  (j),  and  large  piebes  of  Roman,  glafs  were!  found  anno  1 707. “  Within  thirty  years  laft  paft,  in  the  circuit  of  the  old  walls,  have  been  found  about “  twenty  littl  ijpolijheffignd  Jlones  of,  diverfe  ,  kinds  and  cuts.  One  of  Jupiter  Ammon', “  head.  A  fecond  with  an  eagle  with  a  civic  crown  in  its  bill.  A  third  found  about  Marc/j “  laft  of  which  I  give  you  the  impreflion,  Vfz.  a  .winged,  victory  crowning  a  trophy.  In “  the  catalogue  of  brpken  pots,  I  llrould  have  noted  one  to.  you  of  a  Colhon  or  poculumla- “  conicmn  -,  .which  the  foldiers  ufed  in  marching  to  clear  water  by  palling  into  feveral  con- “  cavities  therein  made.  Alfo  a  Br-.ufh  axe,  and; feveral  . other  things,  which  perhaps  will “  be  given  you  by  fome  more  learned  pens  ■,  towhonvldid  my,  feif  the  honour  to  prefent “  them  as  a  foundation  for  a  more  noble  collection.  If  I  can  be  further  ferviceable  pray “  command,  '  1  1 Good  Doctor, Tour  mojl  humble, fervant EDWARD  MORRIS. In  my  icturnfrom  AlAburgh  to  i  ork  I  take  the  Roman  road  I  have  mentioned  over  Aid- mark-ferry.  -Some  veftiges  of  it  may  be  oblerved  in  the  villages  leading  to  this  place,  par¬ ticularly  a  great  quantity  of  the  pebble  in  their  buildings  which  formed 'in  all  probability, thcjlrata  qt  the  road.  But  from  the  Ferry  to  Tork  the  agger  is  quite  funk  ;  and  though  it has  been  fought,  for  with  care,  by  feveral  antiquaries  as  well  as  my  felf,  not  the  leaft  foot- ftep  is  remaining.  Yet  ftnee  it  is  agreed  to  by  all  that  the  old  road  muft  have  gone  this way  ;  I  here  obfer-ve  that  it  is  the  fourth  confiderable  Roman  high  way  I  have  mentioned to  lead  particularly  to  the  city  it  felf. 1  o  take  a  juft  iurvey  of  the  Roman  roads  which  diretft  from  the  Humber,  and  the  feveral ports  of  the-  German  ocean,  so  Tork,  I  muft  neceffarily  mention  Lincoln.  LINDVM  or Lincoln,  bears  fo  many  evident  tokens  of  being  a  confiderable  Roman  ftation,  both  in  hjfto- ry,  and  the  remains  of  antiquity  which  it  does  yet  exhibit,  that  it  is  pity  fome  able  pen  does not  undertake  a  particular  account  of  it.  There  were  two  remarkable  hfoh  roads  which  led from  LINDVM  to  .EBORACVMi  the  firft  is.ftill  very  evident,  crois  the  heath,  and  is cafily  traced  on  to  a  town  called  Winlrmgham,  on  the  great  river  Humber.  The  other  is more  a  land  paftiige,  and  comes  from  Lincoln,  through  Littlebrougb  on  the  Trent  and  fo  to RoJtington-bnAge,  where  it  meets  the  Ermine-Jlrcet,  which  leads  to  Doneafier,  and  fo  on. I  c  is  true  this  is  not  fo  particular  a  road  for  my  purpofe  as  the  former  ;  becaufe  the  Ermine - Jlreet  d.refts  for  any  ftation  north  of  Lincoln  as  well,  is  fork.  Yet  the  communication  be¬ twixt  thefe  two  ftations,  crofs  the  Humber,  might  frequently  be  prevented  by  winter,  or ftreis  of  weather;  and  therefore  it  was abfolutely  neceffary  to  have  a  more  convenient  paf- iage,  thpugh  not  a  nearer,  to  come  intirely  by  land. The  Roman  road  from  Lincoln  to  the  river  Humber  I  have  faid  comes  down  to  old  Win- Inngham  on  one  fide  of  the  river ;  whofe  oppofite  has  a  town  called  Brough  on  the  Tort- pju  e  coalt ;  this  dill  continues  to  be  the  conftant  landing  place  for,  the  ferry.  The  military way,  on  this  fide,  moil  certainly  began  again  here,  and  continued  to  DELGOV1TIA'- lor  tis,  not  poffible  to  fuppofe  that  they  would  lay  fo  fine  a  road  down  to  the  Humber ,  if they  had  not  frequent  pafiages  over  it;  and  a  way  to  proceed  onfor  fork,  when  they  were got  to  the  other  fide.  But  the  traces  of  this  road  are  faint;  and  the  next  ftation  muft  be our  only  guide,  which  as  it  lies  in  a  direft  line  for  Tork,  and  has' been  remarkable  in  our neighbourhood  I  cannot  pafs  it  by  without  notice.  For  at  this  laft  named  ftation t0  «**  harve  been  a  conjunftion  of  two  grand  road's;  thaf 1.0.11  PRAETORIV M,  and  this  other  from  Lincoln,  which  is  a circumftancc  that  argues it  a  place  of  conlequence  in  thofe  days. In  Ptolemy  s  geographical  fea  chart  of  the  Gerjnan  ocean,  where  he  deferibes  the  pro- montorys,  bays,  and  rivers -on  the  -Britijh  coafts,  his  ABVS  AESTVARIVM  is  agreed wh7Vn?e  Ffffe7n  °r  .,h'  rcve-  -lcr'Pti™>  fempeduponlt.  This  might  Hand  for  A',;.;,: rhelib-nam  folk. '  7  fc,erJ'«hcr  “nofit.es  of  td  militum.  The  Rmam  had  a  way  to  bake  t like « F"edi"S  an  art  I  believe/no.iynot  known. 1  by 30  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. by  all  to  be  our  great  river  Humber.  As  his  OCELLVM  PROMONTORIVM,  next it  northward,  muft  have  been  Spurnhead.  On  this  river  Mr.  Camden ,  for  the  lake  of  ety¬ mology,  or  found,  and  the  diftance  from  Delgovilia ,  has  found  out  Patrington ,  in  Holder - nefs ,  to  be  the  PRAETORIVM  of  Anlonine’s  itinerary.  So  the  PETVARIA  of  Pic - letny ,  which  that  writer  mentions,  as  the  chief  town  of  the  PARISI,  a  people  inhabiting this  part  of  the  country,  Mr.  Iiorjley  and  fome  others,  has  placed  at  Brough.  I  be^  Rave to  difient  from  both. vmAET°RI*  ^  the  coP*ers  Antonine's  itinerary  may  be  depended  on,  this  name  has  a  fignification very  different  from  any  of  the  whole  catalogue  of  Roman  Rations  in  Britain.  It  is  purely laiin,  derived  from  the  Greek ,  and  will  bear  a  great  variety  of  interpretations  (r).  If  it mean  any  thing  in  this  iter,  it  can  never  be  a  town  or  Ration,  but  rather  an  occafional encampment  fome  where  on  thefe  eaRern  fea  coaRs.  In  this  fence  the  learned  continuator of  Camden ,  tranflates  it  from  Lipflus and  fuch  indeed  it  feems  to  have  been  at  the time  this  journey  or  furvey  was  made ;  but  where ,  is  now  impolfible  to  determine Thefe  coaRs  have,  even  in  the  memory  of  man,  fuffered  greatly  from  the  lea;  and  poffi- bly  this  camp,  or  Ration,  may  have  been  long  fince  fwallowed  up  by  it  (s). I  have  given  the  authority  of  Ulpian ,  and  indeed  the  itinerary  it  felf  confirms  it,  that the  Roman  military  ways  were  always  laid  to  fome  principal  Ration,  or  fome  fea  port.  Mr. Horjley  then  mult  be  greatly  mifled  to  carry  this  Ration  crofs  the  Humber ,  and  drop  it betwixt  that  river  and  Lincoln.  For,  after  all,  if  we  allow  an  eafy  miRake  or  two  in  the tranferibers  of  the  itinerary,  which  is  very  allowable  in  a  thing  handed  down  to  us,  through fo  many  ages,  and  through  fuch  viciffitudes  of  times,  this  PRAETORIVM  of  Antoninus will  mean  no  other  than  the  PROMONTORIVM  of  Ptolemy.  The  one  feeming  to be  making  a  fea  chart,  in  which  he  is  veryexa<5t;  and  the  other  is  full  as  circumRantial  in the  placing  the  inland  forts  and  Rations  on  the  military  ways  in  Britain. To  the  name  of  Promontorium  in  Ptolemy ,  is  joined  Occllum ;  which  is  the  diminutive from  oculus ,  a  little  eye.  This  agrees  well  with  the  fite  of  the  place  ;  and  no  doubt,  in the  time  of  the  Romans ,  a  watch-tower  was  built  here,  not  only  to  overlook  the  mouth of  the  Humber ,  but  as  a  guard  to  thefe  coaRs.  The  prefent  name  of  Spurnhead ,  called  in our  old  Englijh  Chronicles  £>purcnI)eaD,  is  certainly  derived  from  the  Saxon  verb  Spypian or  Spypigean  exquirere,  ferutari ,  explorare ,  (Ac.  (t)  to  lookout,  watch,  or  explore,  bo  re¬ markable  a  point  of  land  as  this  was,  might  ferve  for  the  famepurpole  in  their  time  as  well  as the  former.  Here  was  alfo  formerly,  a  remarkable  fea  port  town,  called  Ravenfburgb,  well known  in  our  hifiorians  for  two  defeents  made  at  it  by  our  II.  IV.  and  E.  IV.  but  it  is  now almoR  fwallowed  up.  I  fhall  not  difeant  upon  the  name  of  this  town,  which  carries  an  in¬ delible  mark  of  antiquity  along  with  it ;  but  leave  this  uncertain  path  with  faying  that  if the  miRake  I  have  mentioned  be  allowed  me,  as  alfo  another  in  the  numerals,  of  xxxv miles  from  DELGOVITIA  inRead  of  xxv,  this  difputed  Ration  will  drop  at  Rave- nejhurgh  ( u ). PETVARIA.  Brough ,  or  Burgh ,  by  our  modern  antiquaries  has  likewife  had  the  honour  to  be  put down  for  Ptolemy’s  Petvaria  ;  but  with  as  little  reafon  as  the  former.  That  it  feems  to bid  fair  for  being  a  Roman  fortrefs,  on  this  fide  Humber ,  both  on  account  of  the  military way  from  Lincoln ,  and  its  own  name,  which  I  have  elfewhere  defined,  is  no  argument  to prove  that  Petvaria  belongs  to  it.  The  Romans,  no  doubt,  had  many  Rations  and  for- trefles  in  the  ifiand,  the  names  of  which  are  not  handed  down  to  us,  by  any  accounts whatfoever.  Ptolemy  tells  us  that  about  the  fure-baven’d-bay  lived  the  people  called  PARISI ; and  that  there  alfo  was  the  town  PETVARIA.  Mr.  Baxter  reads  this  PECVARIA;  and  if his  definition  of  PARISI  be  right,  which  is,  that  it  comes  from  pafturage  or  Shepherds then  PECVARIA  is  a  notable  and  apt  name  for  the  chief  town  of  thole  people.  It  is remarkable  that  the  country  many  miles  circumjacent  to  Burlington-bay,  is  Rill  much  in¬ habited  by  lbepherds ;  but  where  to  fix  the  Roman  town  here  ipoken  of  is  the  difficulty. Pocklington ,  Driffield,  or  Beverley  bid  the  faireR  for  it,  in  my  opinion ;  the  former  has Mr.  Baxter’s  option  ;  that  learned  man  deriving  it  from  the  Greek  nOKOS,  which  is,  fays he,  the  laiin  vellus ,  a  fleece  of  -wool-,  from  whence  Pecus  is  eafily  deduced.  Driffield  is  a town  of  great  antiquity,  Alfred  one  of  our  Northumbrian  kings  lies  buried  in  it;  befides here  are  many  barrows  or  tumuli  about  it.  And  Beverley  has  the  votes  of  fome  on  this account;  near  which  a  few  years  ago,  was  difeovered,  in  a  field,  a  curious  Roman  teflelated pavement ;  which  is  a  Rronger  argument  in  its  behalf  than  either  of  the  former. DFLGOYI-  DELGOVITIA  has  been  hitherto  agreed  to  by  all  to  be  our  IVighton  or  IVeighton  ; TI  A.  Mr-  Camden  has  learnedly  defined  that  word  to  come  from  the  Britifh  Delgwe,  which  figni- Londejburgh.  fies,  fays  he,  the  Ratues,  or  images,  of  heathen  Gods.  And  he  feems  to  make  no  doubt but  that  this  place  was  dedicated  to  idol  worffiip  even  in  the  times  of  the  Britons.  IVcighton is  not  without  its  derivative  from  the  fame  caufe ;  ttHeightclbcrs  in  Germany  is  noted  by (r)  Praetor  ium  is  a  word  of  great  latitude  in  the  Ro¬ man  tongue;  and  fometimes  only  fignifies  a  country  houfe, or  villa.  Tacit,  iff  Sueton. (j)  There  are  fevenl  towns  mentioned  to  have  been ©me  on  thefe  coafts,  in  Camden ,  See,  which  are  now wholly  fwallowed  up. (t)  See  Somncr's  Saxon  di£t. (u)  This  town’s  name  feems  to  be  derived  from  the Saxon  verb  Repan  or  Reuan  remigare  to  row.  Repan- bujij  a  proper  name  for  a  fea  port. Conrad Chap. II.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. Conrad  Celtes,  lays  Dr.  Gale ,  as  a  remarkable  town  of  the  Druids  in  thofe  parts.  ’Whate¬ ver  it  was  in  the  times  of  the  Britons,  it  is  certain  that  under  the  idolatry  of  our  SaxoH anceftors,  this  town  had  a  near  neighbour  to  it,  called  by  venerable  Bede  dftoBmonDtngaljam* Which  is  interpreted  deorum  fepta  ;  but  whether  the  name  has  any  reference  to  the  other, I  lhall  not  determine.  In  the  anonymous  chorography  ol  Britain ,  this  ftation  is  called  DE- VOVICIA,  corruptly  no  doubt  for  DELGOVICIA;  from  whence  if  we  take  VIC,  and add  the  Saxon  termination  coil,  there  is  fomething  in  the  found  o tlVighton,  probably,  de¬ rived  from  the  old  word  ;  efpecially  when  we  confider  that  the  Saxon  u  and  w  were  found¬ ed  alike.  And  this  is  all  that  can  be  faid  for  it. For  Wcighlon  has  difcovered  no  marks  of  antiquity  to  denote  it  a  ftation,  and  except  the diftance  in  the  itinerary  there  is  no  other  proof  of  it.  Something  like  a  tumulus ,  indeed appears  at  the  weft  end  of  the  town,  as  Mr.  Horjley  obferved,  in  the  road  to  York.  But  if the  name  of  this  place  had  any  reference  to  idol  worlhip,  as  Mr.  Camden  has  defined,  its near  neighbour  Godmondham  has  a  much  clearer  title  to  it ;  being  called  by  venerable  Bede exprefly  locus  idolorum ,  or  a  place  of  idols.  In  the  ecclefiaftical  part  of  this  work  the  rea¬ der  will  find  the  reafon  why  our  author  has  occafion  to  mention  it.  But  he  was  ftrangely out  in  his  chorography,  when  he  defcribes  the  fituation  of  it  to  be  not  far  from  York,  and near  the  river  Dormant  ;  for  ’tis  eight  miles  from  the  latter  and  fixteen  from  the  former. Mr.  Burton  indeed  wis  handfomly  excufed  the  venerable  author  for  this  m'iftake  in  diftance, he  fays,  that  Bede  living  a  clofe  monaftick  life  in  his  cell,  muft  write  of  places  that  he  ne¬ ver  faw,  nor  confequently  could  judge  of.  It  was  natural  however,  for  him  to  defcribe the  fite  of  this  idol  temple  from  the  neareft  and  moft  remarkable  things  to  it,  in  the  coun¬ try,  which  certainly  were  York  and  the  river  Derwent.  Befides,  he  adds,  that  the  term non  longe  ab  EBORACO,  not  far  from  York ,  may  be  allowed  for  this  diftance,  when  fome other  great  hiftorians  have  made  ufe  of  the  fame  expreflion,  particularly  Herodian ,  for  a diftance  of  a  thoufand  miles  (x). But  the  prefent  name  of  Godmondham  is  fo  little  altered  from  what  the  venerable  monk writes  it,  that  there  is  no  doubt  to  be  made  but  it  is  the  very  fame  place  he  fpeaks  of. Mr.  Burton  feems  to  lay  a  ftrefs  on  the  quondam  idolorum  locus,  and  fays  it  may  allude  as well  to  Roman  idols  as  Saxo/t;  But  this  is  too  lar  {trained,  and  we  mayjuftly  enough conclude  that  this  was  a  temple  neither  of  Roman  ftru6ture  nor  worftiip,  but  a  place  dedi¬ cated  to  the  Saxon  idolatry  •,  fuch  a  one  as  is  deferibed  in  Verjlegan ,  enclofed  with  a  hedge inltead  of  a  w all. Yet,  becaufe  I  would  not  differ  from  my  learned  predeceflbrs  in  this  kind  of  knowledge, and  remove  Delgoviti  a  from  Weighton  and  Godmondham ,  without  juft  grounds;  I  took an  exa£t  furvey  of  both  the  places.  At  the  former,  as  I  faid,  is  nothing  to  be  obferved; but  at  the  other  on  the  eaft  fide  of  the  village,  is  a  pretty  large  fpot  of  ground,  fo  une¬ ven  and  full  of  hills  and  holes,  that  it  look’d  exceedingly  like  a  ruin,  covered  by  time  with earth  and  turf.  I  was  fhewn  this  place  by  my  lord  Burlington ,  the  prefent  lord  of  the mannor  of  Godmondham ,  who  gave  me  leave  to  dig  it  where,  and  when  I  pleafed.  I  took an  opportunity  and  fet  fome  men  at  work  on  feveral  parts  of  it  ;  who  dug  pretty  deep; but  it  turned  out  to  be  nothing  but  chalk-pits,  or  lime,  which  laft  has  and  may  ftill  be  got here  in  great  plenty  ;  and  very  probably  was  here  burnt  when  wood  was  more  common  in this  country  than  it  is  now.  The  fite  of  the  pagan  temple ,  in  Godihondbam ,  in  all  proba¬ bility,  was  on  the  very  fame  fpot  of  ground  the  church  now  {lands.  The  ground  will well  allow  of  it,  being  a  fine  Hoping  dry  hill.  It  is  notorious  to  all  that  our  chrifian  an¬ ceftors,  both  here  and  in  other  parts  of  the  world,  took  care  to  abolifh,  and  even  erafe pnganifm  wherever  they  could.  To  that  end  when  a  heathen  temple  was  demolifhed,  a chrifian  church  was  built  in  the  very  fame  place.  Hiftory  gives  us  many  inftances  of  this in  our  own  ifland  ;  but  at  Rome  the  cafe  is  ftill  evident ;  where  feveral  of  the  very  tem¬ ples  themfclves  which  anciently  ferved  for  the  old  Roman  fuperftition,  have  been  confecra- ted  and  converted  into  chrf  ian-churches ,  and  are  at  this  day  ufed  as  fuch  (y). Since  then  Gcdmondbatn  can  have  no  {hare  in  a  Roman  ftation,  I  have  the  fame  opinion cfiWeighton,  and  we  muft  look  for  our  DELGOVITIA  elfewhere.  Our  great  antiquary feems  here  alfo  to  have  fpun  his  etymology  too  fine,  by  fearching  the  Britifh  language  for the  derivation  of  this  Roman  name.  But  whatever  can  be  {trained  out  of  Delgovitia ,  I  am fure  IVeighton  or  Wighton ,  can  furnifh  nothing  for  an  antiquary  to  build  a  Roman  ftation on.  The  word  is  entirely  Saxon  ;  and  is  plainly  derived  from  }?e£,  or  (z)  pkeg,  via* ft  rattan ,  a  road  or  ftreet ;  or  from  the  verb  fejan  ire,  tranfire ,  to  travel  or  journey  through  ; the  termination  ton  is  obvious  to  all.  So  the  Belgick  or  High-dutch ,  tKUccfj,  fEClegl), are  the  lame  as  our  way  and  fignify  the  very  fame  thing.  IVegblon  {lands  at  the  conjunc¬ ture  of  feveral  great  roads,  which  now  meet  at  this  town,  and  ran  from  thence  over  Kexby- bridgeto  York.  But  that  the  Roman  military  ways,  both  from  PRAETORIVM  and  from L1NDVM,  took  a  different  courfe  to  the  city,  I  {hall  {hew  in  the  fequel.  The  old  road (x)  See  Burton's  itinerary,  p.  63.  hr  id  i  Roma  antiqua  Iff  mederna  •,  iti  cap.  de  ternplis  girt- (y)  Fabricius  gives  us  a  lilt  of  near  fixty  heathen  tem-  t ilium  in  templa  divorum  mutatis. pies  which  are  now  coverted  into  churches.  Georgii  Fa-  (z)  See  Somntr's  Saxon  and  S&innet  'i being The  HISTORY  and, ANTIQUITIES  BookI. being*  turned  this  way,  a  new  town  fprung  up,  which  took  its  name  from  the  occafion of  altering  it. Befides  .the  Saxon  termination  Uin  is  one  of  the  commonell  they  had-,  and  fometimes was  made'  the  local  name  of  a  family,  as  Edzuardjlon,  Afredjlon ,  JobnJlor,  &c.  Thus Verjlegan  rhimes  it, 3Jn  Ford,  tit  Ham,  in  Ley,  anD  Tun, %t)C  molt  of  enslifl)  firnamcs  run. But  if  we  are  to  look  out  fora  Roman  flation,  in  any  part  of  our  Hand,  we  fhall  always find  that  the  name  or  termination,  of  Burgh  or  Chejler ,  will  lead  us  the  foonefl  to  it. Where  then  can  we  fix  DELGOVITJA  better  than  at  Londejburgh ,  in  the  neigbour- hood  of  JVeighton  ;  and  will  anfwer  as  well  to  the  calculated  miles  in  the  itinerary?  For, allowing  that  the  Roman  road  from  Fork,  this  way,  came  by  Standford-bridge ,  which  I  hope to  prove  in  the  fequel,  twenty  Italian  miles  (a)  will  be  near  the  exaft  dillance  betwixt  the city  and  Londejburgh. But  to  take  from  the  reader  any  notion  that  he  may  conceive  that  this  difference  in  me, from  our  former  great  antiquaries  in  this  matter,  proceeds  from  an  affixation,  of  faying fomething  new  on  the  fubjeft;  or  a  defire  of  paying  a  Brained  compliment  to  the  noble lord,  my  patron,  whofe  Forkjhire  fat  Londejburgh  is  i  I  fhall  beg  leave  to  give  the  fub- flance  of  two  letters,  which  I  received  in  anfwer  to  fome  queries,  from  Mr.  Knowlton  the noble  lord’s  chief  gardiner  at  that  place  -,  a  fenfible,  intelligent  and  a  molt  creditable  per- fon.  It  is  remarked  that  the  road  from  Brough  to  Londejburgh  park  pail,  is  in  a  continued Breight  line;  that  it  was  formerly,  and  is  Bill  by  fome  elderly  people  called  ^timber* Greet ;  that  the  f  ration  of  the  road  may  be  traced,  under  hedges,  (Ac.  crofs  one  of  the  ca¬ nals  in  the  park,  which  being  lately  made,  occafioned  the  accident  of  finding  of  it.  It  is compofed  of  materials  very  fcarce  in  that  country,  and  lies  buried  under  a  fine  foil  about fifteen  inches;  and  it  was  with  great  difficulty  that  the  workmen  could  dig  through  the agger.  The  curiofity  of  finding  fuch  a  road  in  luch  an  uncommon  place,  led  my  cor- relpondent  to  trace  it  on  both  fides  of  the  canals  up  the  hills ;  and  he  can  now,  he  fays, fhew  it  at  any  time,  withfpades,  one  way  pointing  diredtly  to  the  aforefaid  Ii}umbcr?fl:reet  - the  other  up  the  park  again,  through  that  part  called  th tLawn,  butting  up  againft  hedges, trees,  (Ac.  clear  to  the  Wolds-,  where  it  pointed  either  to  IVartyr ,  or  Nunburham ,  but which  he  had  not  then  leifure  to  trace.  The  Malton  and  Fork  roads  lying  that  way. There  can  be  no  clearer  proof  than  this,  that  the  Roman  military  way,  on  the  eafl  fide of  the  Humber ,  from  Brough ,  took  this  rout  for  Fork ;  and  that  Londejburg  was  the  flation on  it  we  are  feeking  after,  is,  I  think,  as  certain.  The  name  is  plainly  derived  from  a 3i5lifg fj,  or  fortrels,  on  land  ;  to  diflinguiffi  it  from  Brough,  or  Hfiurgfj,  on  the  water  (b). The  Saxon  Lont>  is  well  known,  whence  <I];nglonDC,  (Ac.  and  that  there  is  no  found  of the  Roman  name,  in  this  word,  is  not  figmficant;  becaufe  the  Saxons  retained  few  or  none of  their  appellations,  and  the  title  3i5urglj»  as  I  have  elfewhere  taken  notice  of,  is  fufficient to  teftify  that  it  was  a  place  of  note  before  their  time.  But  to  give  yet  aflronger  evidence in  this  cafe,  there  have  been  found  at  Londejburgh  fevcral  Roman  coins,  of  the  middle  and leffer  brafs.  A  great  many  repofitories  for  their  dead  have  been  dilcovered  in  digging  in and  about  the  town,  park,  gardens,  and  even  under  the  hall.  The  bones  were  found  to lie  in  pure  clean  chalk,  feven  eight  or  more  bodies  together,  fide  by  fide,  very  frefh  and entire,  though  in  fome  places  not  above  twenty  or  twenty  two  inches  deep  from  the  fur- face.  Thecullom  of  burying  their  dead  in  chalk  or  rock,  where  flone  coffins  were  not  to be  had,  is  very  obvious.  Latlly  if  the  Roman  DELGOVITIA  is  to  be  defined  from  the Britifh ,  then  Delw.  idolorum ,  and  Kccbh  Silva,  as  our  prefent  Britons  interpret  it,  a wood  of  idols,  will  agree  with  Londejburgh,  as  well  as  any  other  place  thereabouts;  no  foil being  more  produdive  of  wood  in  all  that  country. Lon de [burgh  was  one  of  the  feats  of  the  truly  ancient  family  of  Clifford  for  feveral  ages. Sir  Francis  Clifford  of  Londejburgh  was  high  iheriff  of  this  county  anno  1600;  as  divers of  his  anceftors  had  been  before  him.  This  gentleman  fucceeded  his  brother  George  in  the honours  and  earldom  of  Cumberland.  Fie  was  father  to  Henry  the  fifth  and  laB  earl  of that  family,  whole  foie  daughter  was  married  to  the  earl  of  Cork,  from  whom  is  defeended Richard,  now  earl  of  Burlington,  &c.  baron  Clifford  of  Londejburgh. From  Delgovitia ,  the  next  llation  in  the  road  to  Fork ,  mentioned  in  the  itinerary,  is DERVENTIO;  which  is  put  down  as  feven  miles  dillant  from  the  city.  There  is  no  Ba- tion  in  the  whole  which  had  perplexed  our  antiquaries,  before  Camden ,  more  than  this. •Talbot  and  Humphry  Lhuyd,  with  their  followers,  notwithllanding  the  irreconcilable  di- llance,  had  fixed  it  at  Derby.  William  Harrijbn ,  in  both  his  editions  of  the  itinerary,  with EBORACVM. DERVENTIONE.  M.  P.  VII. DELGOVITIA  i\l.  P.  XIII  (a) Kiln  In  Blandiniano  (xemp/nri  ts  liiris  Longollanis Delgovitia  M.  P.  XIII.  G1  in  Neopolituno  M.  P.  XII. Itin.  Weflelingii. [b)  In  all  ancient  writings  it  is  thus  fpelt ;  even  in Dwmfday  Look  mention  is  made  of  fome  lands  belonging to  ‘Tbomr.s,  then  archbilhop  oITork,  lying  in  QjoDnunt)* E’.m  and  iioiiDtUCSburgl). fome 33 Chap  11.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. fome  thing  more  of  judgment,  had  placed  it  at  Tadcafter.  And  even  Mr.  Camden  owns  he might  have  fought  for  it  long  enough,  was  he  not  pointed  to  look  for  it  at  Aldby,  on  the Derwent ;  by  that  polite  and  accurate  fcholar,  as  he  is  pleafed  to  call  him,  Mr.  Robert Marjhall  of  ‘Tadcajler . But  notwithftanding  the  name  of  Aldby ,  which  fignifies,  fays  our  antiquary,  babitatio  an- tiqua ,  an  old  habitation ;  the  diftance  from  Fork,  and  the  vejliges  of  an  ancient  cajlle  next the  river,  all  concur  to  ftrengthen  his  opinion,  yet  I  mult  beg  leave,  with  Mr.  Horjley to  difient  from  it.  I  have  hinted  before  that  the  Romans  built  no  bridges  over  rivers,  but took  fpecial  care  to  guard  the  fords.  Now,  there  is  no1*  place  on  the  Derwent  fordable, that  1  know  of,  from  Malton  down  to  the  river  Oufe ,  but  at  a  village,  vulgarly  called Standford  bridge.  The  Saxon  chronicle  mentions  this  place  under  the  name  of  Srsng- pcp&ep-bpycge  -,  but  Higden  in  his  Polycbronicon ,  more  properly  calls  it  ^tatndb?ffpburgg  ; which  is  eafily  interpreted  a  ftony  ford,  or  paflage,  over  a  river  at  a  town.  To  put  ford and  bridge  together  is  downright  nonfence  ■,  Ferry-bridge  is  ill  enough,  but  not  fo  bad  as  the former. It  is  pofiible  it  might  get  this  alteration  in  the  name,  from  Pons  belli  or  Battle-bridge * which  the  Normans  called  it  foon  after  the  conqueft  -,  from  a  famous  and  decifive  battle  that was  fought  here,  betwixt  Harold  the  Englijh,  and  Harold  Harfager  the  Norwegian  king.  A particular  account  of  which  I  fhall  give  in  the  fequel.  The  paflage  over  the  river  here  is rocky,  and  was  eafily  fordable  in  low  water,  efpecially  before  the  miln  was  built  above it.  The  village  lies  on  both  Tides  the  river,  and  is  large  enough  to  admit  of  a  ftation  i  of which  the  eaft  bank  is  not  without  fome  veftiges. From  Londejburgh  to  this  ford,  the  Roman  road  muft  have  paffed  to  Pocklington  -,  which town  is  not  unobferved  by  antiquaries,  as  I  have  already  fhewn.  From  whence  the  line  di¬ rects  you  on  the  north  fide  of  Barnby-moor  towards  Stainfordburgb.  Mr.  Horjley  thought  he obferved  a  ridge  on  Barnaby-moor  pointing  this  way  •,  but  this  road  having  been  now  long difufed,  the  ground  mooriih,  enclofed  and  plowed,  it  is  impoffible  to  trace  it.  On  the upper  part  of  this  moor,  next  Barnby-town ,  Dr.  Lifter  perceived  the  marks  of  a  Roman pottery,  near  which  were  fcattered  pieces  of  urns,  Jlag  and  cinders  (c).  It  was  here  placed no  doubt,  for  the  convenience  of  the  fine  fand  to  mix  with  the  clay,  and  which  the  ground here  difeovers  in  great  abundance.  It  is  to  be  obferved  that  the  prefent  road  to  York  goes through  this  bed  of  fand,  cinders,  £dV.  but  the  Roman  way  lies,  as  I  fuppofe,  a  little  on  the right  hand  of  it. DERVENTIO  then  muft  be  now  our  St  andford-b  ridge,  or  Burgh  at  which  place  a  de¬ tachment  of  the  Roman  army  was  conftantly  kept  as  a  guard  to  the  city  on  that  fide,  all the  while  the  Romans  were  in  pofieflion  of  it.  We  have  notice  of  this  from  the  time  the itinerary  was  made  to  che  declenfion  of  the  empire  in  Britain.  For  in  the  notitia,  or  fur- vey  made  of  the  weftern  empire,  about  that  time,  it  is  put  down. Sub  difpofitione  viri  fpeflabilis  duds  Britanniarura Praefetlus  numeri  Derventionenfis.  DERVENTIONE. The  name  Derventio  feemstobe  taken  from  the  river  on  which  this  ftation  was  placed  ;• a  thing  not  ftrange,  fays  Mr.  Burton ,  to  either  Greeks  or  Romans ;  and  may  be  frequently taken  notice  of  in  old  chorographical  deferiptions.  One  of  our  ableft  antiquaries  (d)  deduces the  name  of  this  river  from  the  Britijh  Deur-guent ,  which  fays  he  fignifies  white  water.  And indeed,  I  have  obferved  that  it  turns  of  a  whey-colour  upon  any  fudden  rains.  There  is  a more  plaufible  definition  of  this  word  in  Leland ,  that  Deir-went  is  no  more  than  Deirorinn jlumen,  the  river  of  the  country  of  Deira  -,  now  our  Eajl-riding  (e).  But  as  this  Teeming  eafy etymology  is  Saxon ,  it  muft  fall  to  the  ground and  it  is  more  probable  that  the  diftrift  here fpoken  of  took  its  name  from  the  river-,  than  the  river  from  the  country.  Mr  .Baxter  (f) has  a  hint  for  us,  which  if  allowed,  will  not  only  give  the  juft  etymology  of  this  word,  but does  alfo  point  us  to  the  ftation.  The  Kentijlo  Derventio ,  which  is  called  at  this  day  Pa¬ rent,  has  a  town  on  it,  fays  he,  called  SDattfojD,  or  a  ford  to  Derventio .  Suppofe  then the  Britijh  name  of  this  river  to  be  Deir,  went  may  iignifie  trajefius ,  a  ford  or  paflage  over it ,  from  whence  it  is  eafily  latinized  into  DERVENTIO.  It  is  worth  obferving  here  that the  names  of  all,  or  molt  of,  the  Roman  ftations  in  Britain ,  cannot  any  ways  be  derived from  the  Latin  or  Greek  tongues ;  they  muft  therefore  claim  their  etymology  from  the Britijh. If  it  be  objefted,  there  have  been  no  difeoveries  of  Roman  coins  altars,  monuments,  &c. found  at  Stainford-burgh ,  to  denote  it  a  Roman  ftation ;  the  fame  may  be  faid  of  Aldby. Which  name,  though  Mr.  Camden  fays  it  bears  an  indelible  mark  of  antiquity,  yet  the Saxon  termination  by,  which  he  himfelf  mandates  only  babitatio,  a  houfe,  or  dwelling, cannot  mean  a  town  ;  as  burg  always  does.  But,  not  to  ftrip  this  place  wholly  of  the  ho¬ nour  our  great  antiquary  has  done  it,  I  really  take  it  to  have  been  a  Roman  palace,  or  man- (e)  Lelandi  Coll,  in  vita  S.  Johannis  Bever. (f)  Baxter's  gloflary. K ( c )  Ah.  philof.  tranf.  v.  3 . ( d)  Humph.  LhuydV  deferift.  Britan. fion  *9 34 SINVS PORTVO- SVS. Burlington Bay. CAMVLO- DVNVM. Mahon. The-  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book!. fiom  moft  probably  built  for  the  praeftS,  or  commander  in  chief,  of  the  detachment  a forefaid,  to  refide  in.  The  nearnefs  to  Stanford-burgb ,  being  but  a  Ihort  mile,  will  allow of  this  conjecture  ;  and  this  might  probably  be  the  palace,  which  Bab •  writes,  that  the  .V  ■ king  Edwin  refuted  in,  when  he  had  like  to  have  been  affallinated ;  as  the  reader  will  find in  the  fequel. But  to  return  to  our  ford  ;  the  road  leads  from  it  in  a  direct  lir.c  for  Turk,  of  which  there are  fome  veftiges  of  the  agger,  here  and  there  remaining  ;  bcfldes  a  village  called  Gate-, .  h, Jley  or  Street-Helmjley,  which  is  full  upon  it.  Mr.  Florfley  writes  that  it  is  evident  and  uri- verfally  agreed  that  the  military  way  mull;  have  gone  out  from  York  towards  tiie  e.-.it  Jr fouth-eaft ;  but  it  is  lirange,  adds  he,  that  neither  tradition,  nor  remains,  nor  other  evi¬ dences,  have  hitherto  been  fufficient  to  afcertain  the  particular  traft  of  it.  That  Gen¬ tleman,  in  his  general  furvey  of  Britain,  could  not  be  fo  particular  in  his  enquiries,  as  i have  been,  relating  to  this  atfair  ;  and  being  led  from  Hamby  moor  to  Ktxby,  he  quite  ioft the  fcent  of  his  military  way,  except  in  the  point  which  1  have  mentioned'  that  he  made on  the  moor  aforefaid.  Befides  to  conclude  this  matter  and  bring  us  home,  1  have  found in  ancient  hiftory  that  a  ftreet  in  the  fuburbs  of  this  city,  cut  of  lVulm-gatc-bar,  and  through which  the  road  mult  pafs  to  York,  was  anciently  called  ItBatlinSilte-  which  is  a  further  e- vidence  in  our  favour. We  mult  now  retire  back  again  to  the  fea  coaft ;  and  we  find  that  the  nrxt  remarkable bay,  in  Ptolemy ,  is  called  GABR ANTV1CORVM  tuA/utior  xaAtror,  ftnus  portuofus ,  vet falutarii  -,  which  muft  certainly  be  our  Burlington-bay.  A  village  upon  it  is  now  called Sureby,  quaji  Sure  bay,  and  is  an  exaft  mutilation  of  Ptolemy’s  Creek  appellation.  That which  is  fafe  and  free  from  danger,  fays  Camden,  was  by'  the  Britons  and  Gauls,  called Seur  ;  which  is  yet  retained  in  the  Englijh  tongue.  Nor  has  it  its  name  for  nothing,  being elteemed  thelargeft  and  fafeft  bay  on  thefe  coafts.  The  name  of  GABRANTVICI,  gi. ven  to  the  people  inhabiting  about  this  bay,  I  fhall  not  take  upon  me  to  etymologize  ; having,  I  doubt,  trode  too  much  already  in  thofe  c&fcure  and  uncertain  paths.  Who  will, may  confult  Mr.  Camden  and  Baxter  upon  it  if  it  came  Irorn  goats,  ’tis  probable  the  peo¬ ple,  more  into  the  country,  were  called  PAR1SI,  Jhephcrds,  and  thefe  goat-herds  which  is all  I  fhall  fay  about  it  (g). From  this  famous  bay  the  Roman  ridge  is  dill  very  apparent,  for  many  miles,  over  the wolds,  directing  in  a  ftreight  line  for  York.  The  country  people  call  it  the  ©tkesi  (h)  -,  it is  now  fcarce  any  high  road  at  all  to  near  Sledmere.  At  this  lad:  mentioned  village  the ridge  wholly  difappears ;  for  which  reafon  Mr.  Warlmrtm  in  his  furvey  of  this  county  has drawn  it  on  to  Frydaylborpe as  the  neared  way  to  York.  I  do  not  deny  but  that  there  might run  an  occafional  road  this  way  to  Stainfird-burgb,  as  the  neared  cut  to  the  city  though no  traces  of  it  at  all  appear  at  this  day.  But  there  was  another  remarkable  dation  in  this diftrift,  which  though  not  mentioned  in  Antonine' s  itinerary,  yet  it  is  plain  enough  pointed out  to  us  in  Ptolemy’s  geography.  This  is  CAMVI.ODVNVM,  which  by  the  name,  fi- tuation,  and  traft  of  the  road  to  it,  can  be  no  where  fo  well  placed  as  at  Malton.  It  would be  very  erroneous  to  fuppofe  that  the  CAMBODVNVM,  in  the  itinerary,  and  this  were the  fame ;  the  rout  in  the  iter  fixes  that  in  a  different  part  of  the  county.  But  Ptolemy from  York,  is  plainly  drawing  up  to  deferibe  the  fea  coafts,  and  well-kavened  bay -,  and therefore  mentions  this  ftation  as  in  the  road  to  it.  From  Sledmere  then  our  road  points  to Malton-,  and,  though  not  by  far  fo  vifible  as  before,  yet  the  Jlratum  is  eafily  traced  on  the wolds,  by  Wharram  en  le  Jlreet,  as  it  is  called,  to  Selleringlon-brow  from  whence  it  run,  no doubt,  to  Malton.  The  affinity  in  the  name  is  another  drong  proof  of  this  affertion ; Malton  is  the  very  fame  as  Mrdilune,  con  and  dune  arc  fynonymous ;  nor  can  it  admit  of any  other  interpretation.  It  being  ridiculous  to  derive  it  from  Malton,  a  town  of  Malt, when  there  is  fuch  evident  reafon  to  deduce  it  from  the  Roman  appellation-. Cambodvnvm  and  Camvlodvnvm  are  two  different  dations,  though  the  affinitv  of their  names  have  cretaed  feveral  midakes  about  them.  In  fome  copies  of  the  itinerary' the lad  named  dation  is  put  down  at  feventeen  miles  from  York  an  agreeable  didance  for Malton.  But  then  it  has  been  midaken  for  the  former;  which  lies  in  the  fecond  iter  in  the road  to  Manchefier  ;  and  in  all  probability  was  the  name  of  the  grand  camp  now  to  be  feen on  the  hill  near  Almonbury.  Camvlodvnvm  by  its  adjunft  LEG.  VI.  VIC.  is  rightly fuppofed  by  Dr.  Gale,  to  be  a  fummer  dation  for  that  legion  ;  but  Malton  bids  much  fairer for  that  honour  than  the  other,  on  feveral  accounts.  For  no  perfon,  that  was  not  obliged to  it,  would  either  winter  or  fummer  on  the  other. But  to  make  this  dation  dill  more  confiderable  we  mud  retire  back  to  the  fea  coads and  take  notice  of  two  more  bays  convenient  for  landing  in  them.  Thefe  are  Filey-bay and  Scarburgb-,  which  though  not  put  down  in  Ptolemy's  general  tables  of  the  whole  Roman empire,  could  not  have  been  omitted  in  a  particular  geographical  account  of  Britain.  The art  of  failing  was  in  their  time  at  a  very  low  ebb,  and  it  is  not  to  be  fuppofed  that  when (sJ  Mr.  Baxter  has  aifo  defined  Burlington  in  this  rinum  liquorem  gOttid ajfertius  ? manner;  Burlinton,  nortnuikl  ritiofe  Bridlington,  ibridd  (b)  Dii.e,  at  A.S.  Jirt.dk.  Dmice, dirge,  digt.  Belg dualur  torrrp'fili'.nt  pro  Biickar-lin,  quod  Capet  tjl  ad  ma-  _  diirk,  Agger,  folia,  vallum,  tsc.  vide  dill.  nqm.  Skinner.  ’ I  the 35 Chap.  II.  of  the  CITY  «/ YORK, the  Romans  fet  fail,  or  rather  rowed  from  the  Belgick  or  Gaulick  coaft  for  Britain ,  that  they could  be  fure  of  their  landing  place  on  the  other  fide.  Thefe  two  confiderable  bays  then muft  have  been  occafionally  made  ufe  of  by  them  ;  and  though  no  military  road  does,  feem- ingly,  lead  from  them  to  Malton  ;  yet  we  are  not  without  fome  light  teftimonies  to  prove it.  From  Filey  to  Flotmanby ,  the  feat  of  my  late  worthy  friend  Robert  Buck  Efq;  from  whom I  had  this  information,  the  road  is  vulgarly  called  the  Jlreet  ;  and  in  his  grounds,  on  this road,  is  the  veftige  of  a  fortrefs,  molt  probably  Roman ,  now  called  From hence  the  Jlreet  runs  to  Spittal ,  where  it  meets  the  Scarburgh  road.  Whoever  furveys  the way  from  Scarburgh  by  Seamour ,  to  this  laft  named  place,  with  an  antiquary’s  eye,  will find  feveral  traces  of  Roman  work  on  it.  Particularly  I  aver  it  is  very  vifible  on  both  Tides the  bridge  betwixt  Seamour  and  Spittal ,  which  is  over  a  rivulet  that  runs  from  the  vaft carrs  in  this  place.  The  quantity  of  large  blew  pebble ,  the  nature  of  that  ftone,  which  J fhall  haveoccafion  to  fpeak  of  hereafter,  and  the  particular  manner  of  jointing,  fufficiently indicate  it  to  be  Roman ;  and  was  there  no  other  teftimony  in  the  whole  road  but  this,  I fhould  vote  in  its  favour.  The  road  is  evidently  forced  through  thefe  carrs,  which  were  o- therways  unpayable,  and  feems  to  have  required  Roman  induftry  and  labour  to  perfedl  it. Befides,  this  is  the  diredt  way  from  Burlington-bay  to  IVhitby ,  two  noted  Roman  ports  •,  and I  muft  believe  that  there  was  a  communication  by  land  betwixt  them.  The  Comiles  litoris SAXONICI  or  guardians  of  thefe  fea  coafts  againft  the  invafions  of  the  Saxons ,  as  men¬ tioned  in  the  NOTITIA,  could  not  have  defended  them  without  fuch  a  juncture.  And  I make  no  doubt,  but  fome  more  vifible  teftimonies  of  it  remain  on  this  road,  though  I never  had  leifure  enough  to  fearch  it. What  is  more  to  my  purpofe  is,  to  deduce  our  Roman  way  from  the  port  of  Scarburgh  to Spittal ;  which  laft  name  comes  from  an  V)ofpifal,  which  our  chrijlian  [axon  anceftors  ufually built  at  the  conjundtion  of  feveral  roads,  lor  the  relief  and  entertainment  of  poo:-  diftrefied travellers.  Here,  I  prefume,  it  met  the  Filey  road,  and  run  with  it  in  a  diredtline  for  Mal¬ ton.  I  own,  there  are  no  fort  of  remains  now  apparent  to  confirm  this;  and  except  the  name of  the  ftreet,  with  my  own  conjetfture,  I  have  no  further  reafons  to  urge  about  it.  The Roman  vicinary,  or  occafional  roads,  were  not  raifed  with  that  care  and  pains  as  their grand  military  ways ;  for  which  reafon  we  are  not  to  expedt  to  meet  with  them  at  this day.  S The  next  confiderable  port,  on  the  Briti/h  coafts,  is  the  DVNVM  SINVS  of  Ftolemy ,  dvnvM which  our  antiquaries  have  fixed  ■xx.Whitby .  In  Bede  this  place  is  called  j&ttenfljall,  from  the  SINUS. Saxon  Stpeocep-healk,  whofe  feveral  etymologies  I  fhall  not  trouble  my  felf  with  (i).  Mr.  Wbitby- Hor[ey  has  here  made  an  egregious  miftake,  by  placing  DVNVM  at  the  mouth  of  the  lort% river  Feife ,  and  has  taken  no  notice  at  all  of  this  remarkable  fea  port.  J-Dunfltp,  now  a village  on  this  bay,  bears  yet  fome  teftimony  of  the  antient  name  ;  but,  what  makes  it more  confiderable,  is  a  Roman  road  which  runs  from  it,  for  many  miles  over  thefe  vaft  moors and  moralfes  towards  Fork.  This  extraordinary  road,  not  now  made  ufe  of,  is  called,  by the  country  people,  MlaDc’S  Caufep  >  and  they  tell  a  ridiculous  traditional  ftory  o ‘l  iv tide's wife  and  her  cow  (k),  as  the  reafon  of  the  making  of  it.  It  is  worth  obl'crving,  however, that  this  name  fuits  well  with  Mr.  Camden's  Saxon  duke  Wada  •  who,  he  fays,  lived  at  a caftle  on  thefe  coafts,  and  probably  in  the  abandoned  Roman  fortrefs  or  ftation.  It  is  believed, adds  he,  that  this  Saxon  prince  was  a  gyant ;  and  they  fhew  you  his  tomb,  which  are  two ftones  about  feven  foot  high  a-piece,  and  fet  up  at  twelve  foot  diftance,  called  now  SKEfaDc’s* grate.  It  is  odd,  Mr.  Camden  got  no  intelligence  of  the  caufway ,  as  well  as  the  grave, when  he  was  upon  the  fpot.  But  thefe  ftones,  I  take  it,  are  Roman  tumuli  of  the  nature  of thofe  at  Burrougb-bridge. i  had  my  firft  intelligence  of  this  road,  and  a  camp  upon  it,  from  Thomas  Robinfon  of Pickering ,  Efq;  a  gentleman  well  verfed  in  this  kind  of  learning.  My  curiofity  led  me  to fee  it ;  and  coming  to  the  top  of  a  deep  hill,  the  veftiges  of  the  camp  were  eafily  difeerna- ble.  At  the  foot  of  the  hill  began  the  road  or  caufway,  very  plain  ;  and  I  had  not  gone  a  hun¬ dred  paces  on  it,  but  I  met  with  a  tnile-Jlone  of  the^nV  kind ,  a  fort  not  known  in  this  coun¬ try.  It  was  placed  in  the  midft  ol  the  caufway,  but  fo  miferably  worn,  either  by  flieep  or cattle  rubbing  againft  it,  or  the  weather,  that  I  miffed  of  the  infeription,  which,  I  own,’ I  ran  with  great  eagernefs  to  find.  The  caufway  is  juft  twelve  foot  broad,  paved  with  a flint  pebble,  fome  of  them  very  large,  and  in  many  places  it  is  as  firm  as  it  was  the  firft day.  A  thing  the  more  ftrange,  in  that  not  only  the  diftance  of  time  may  be  confidered, but  the  total  negledt  of  repairs,  and  the  boggy  rotten  moors  it  goes  over.  In  fome  places the  agger  is  above  three  foot  raifed  from  the  furface.  The  country  people  curfe  it  often, for  being  almoft  wholly  hid  in  the  ling,  it  frequently  overturns  their  carts  laden  with  turf, as  they  happen  to  drive  crofs  it. (i)  See  Camden,  Gibfon ,  Baxter,  isfe. (k)  The  hory  is,  that  Wade  had  a  cow,  which  his  wife was  obliged  to  milk  at  a  great  dihance,  on  thefe  irjoors ; for  her  better  convenience  he  made  this  caufway,  ahd  fhe helped  him  by  bringing  great  quantities  of  hones  in  her apron  ;  but  the  firings  breaking  once  with  the  weight,  as well  they  might,  a  huge  heap  (about  twenty  cart  load) is  fhewti  that  dropped  from  her.  The  rib  of  this  mon- hrous  cow  is  hill  kept  in  Moult -grave  cajlk. It 36 "The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. It  was  great  pleafure  to  me  to  trace  this  wonderful  road,  efpecially  when  I  foon  found out,  that  it  pointed  to  the  bay  aforefaid.  I  loft  it  fometimes  by  the  interpofition  of  val¬ leys,  rivulets,  or  the  exceeding  great  quantity  of  ling  growing  on  thefe  moors.  I  had  then nothing  to  do  but  to  obferve  the  line,  and  riding  croflways,  my  horfe’s  tect,  through  the ling,  informed  me  when  I  was  upon  it.  In  fhort,  I  traced  it  feveral  miles,  and  could  have been  pleafed  to  have  gone  on  with  it  to  the  fea-fide,  but  my  time  would  not  allow  me However,  I  prevailed  upon  Mr.  Robinfon  to  fend  his  fervant  and  a  very  intelligent  perfon  of Pickering  along  with  him,  and  they  not  only  made  it  fairly  out  to  Dunf.ey,  but  brought  me a  (ketch  of  the  country  it  went  through  with  them.  From  which  I  have  pricked  it  out  in  the map,  as  the  reader  will  find  at  the  end  of  this  account. We  now  return  back  to  our  camp,  which  is  an  extraordinary  fituation  indeed  ;  and  was no  doubt,  placed  here  as  a  guard  to  this  important  road,  which  led  clear  through  it’ The  form  of  it  I  have  given  in  the  annexed  draught;  and  though  not  fo  regular  as  feveral that  I  have  feen,  the  fhape  of  the  hill  not  admitting  of  it,  was  certainly  a  Roman  fortifica¬ tion.  The  half  moons,  which  form  foine  of  the  entrances  into  it,  are  exactly  like  thole  of fome  Roman  camps  in  Mr.  Horjlefs  Britannia  (l).  And  here  are  a  number  of  turn:}'  of feveral  fizes  about  it.  It  is  not  pofiible  to  fuppofe,  by  the  extream  bleaknefs  of  the  fitua¬ tion,  that  this  camp  could  be  garrifoned  all  the  year.  Nor,  indeed,  was  there  rcafon  to fear  any  invafion  in  the  winter.  The  foldiers  had  barracks  built  in  it  (or  their  lodo-ings  ;  the veftiges  of  which  do  appear  in  many  places.  The  ditches  of  this  cat  ,*P  are  on  fome  fides now  above  three  yards  deep  perpendicular.  Cropton-Caftle ,  fo  called,  a  large  circular mount,  feemingly  artificial,  and  within  a  quarter  of  a  mile  of  this  camp,  dderves  alio  an antiquary’s  notice. From  the  camp  the  road  difappears  towards  York ,  the  agger  being  either  funk  or  remov¬ ed  by  the  country  people  for  their  buildings.  But  taking  the  line,  as  exaCtly  as  I  could, for  the  city,  I  went  down  the  hill  to  Thornton-Rifebrow ,  and  had  fome  information  from  a clergyman,  of  a  kind  of  a  camp  at  a  village  called  vulgarly  Barf;  but  corruptly,  no  doubt from  Burgf).  Going  to  view  this  place,  I  was  agreeably  lurprifcd  to  fall  upon  my  Ion* loft  road  again  ;  and  here  plainly  appeared  alfo  a  fmall  intrenchment  on  it;  from  whence  as I  have  el fe where  hinted,  the  Saxon  name  Burgh  might  come.  The  road  is  difcernable5 1- nough,  in  places,  to  Newfam-bridge  over  the  river  Rye-,  not  far  from  which  is  a  mile-Jlone of  grit  yet  (landing.  On  the  other  fide  of  the  river  the  Stratum ,  or  part  of  it,  appears very  plain,  being  compofed  of  large  blue  pebble,  fome  of  a  tun  weight ;  and  directs  us  to a  village  called  Aimanderby.  Barton  on  theftreet ,  and  Appleton  on  the  ftreet ,  lye  a  little  on the  fide  of  the  road;  thefe  villages  were  fo  called,  no  doubt,  to  diftinguiih  them  from  fome others  of  the  fame  name  in  the  county.  I  was  once  of  opinion,  that  the  road  went  from hence,  as  the  line  to  York  directed,  fomewhere  through  lord  Carli/Je’s  park,  and  mio-ht enter  the  Malton  road  to  York  ztSpittalbeck.  But,  confidering  the  nearnefs  of  CAMVLO- DVNVM,  .1  am  perfuaded  it  could  not  have  miffed  this  ftation ;  and  therefore  I  have  di¬ rected  the  road  to  Malton ,  where  I  take  that  ftation  to  have  been.  I  could  find  no  foot- fteps  of  it  from  Aimerby  town-end,  in  the  line  to  York,  though  I  fearched  diligently for  it;  and  confequently  the  road  mull  run  to  Malton,  which  is  very  little  out  of  the way.  V This  is  another  particular  proof  that  the  Roman  CAMOLODVM  was  our  Malton which  ftood  at  the  conjunction  of  three  or  four  roads  from  the  eaftern  fea-ports ;  and  hav¬ ing  the  river  Derwent ,  here  fordable,  for  its  defence,  ferved  as  another  key  to  the  city on  this  fide.  I  know  there  is  fome  difpute,  whether  new  or  old  Malton  has  the  greater claim  to  this  honour.  They  are  both  upon  the  river,  a  fhort  mile  from  one  another.  The epithet  old  gives  it  for  the  latter;  but  then  it  (lands  more  out  of  the  line,  and  has  no  fhew of  antiquity  about  it;  except  the  ruins  of  a  diffolved  monaftery,  now  converted  into  a  pa- rifh-church.  The  other  town  has  the  remains  of  an  antient  fortification,  which  (lands  like a  bulwark  againft  the  river ;  antiqua  arce  infigne,  fays  Baxter ,  who  imagines  it,  from  Pto¬ lemy,  to  have  been  a  camp  or  fortrefs  belonging  to  the  fixth  legion  then  flationed  at  York. The  convenience  of  the  fite,  and  the  ftrength  of  the  old  foundation,  tempted,  no  doubt our  more  modern  ancellors  to  build  a  ca (lie  upon  it,  which  formerly  was  in  the  poflefiion, fays  Camden,  of  the  noble  family  of  Vefcy'm  this  county.  It  came  afterwards  to  be  the  chief feat  of  the  lords  Eure  or  Evers-,  and  is  at  prefent  poflels’d  by,  and  gives  title  to,  Thomas earl  of  Malton-,  to  whofe  generous  encouragement  the  author  of  this  work  owes  great  obli¬ gation. From  Malton ,  I  take  it,  the  Roman  road  led  to  York  the  fame  way  it  does  now;  and though,  in  fuch  a  via  trita ,  there  are  few  footfteps  of  it  remaining,  yet  to  a  curious  and obfervant  perfon  fome  of  them  are  obvious  enough.  Efpecially  to  thofe  who  are  a's  well  ac¬ quainted  with  the  Roman  pavement  on  the  moors,  the  nature  of  the  (tone  they  ufed  in  it, and  the  fetting  or  jointing  of  them,  as  my  felt.  I  can  point  out  feveral  pieces  of  it  pretty entire;  and  in  fome  places  the  exaCl  breadth  of  the  ftratum  may  be  meafured;  which  corref- ponds,  to  an  inch,  with  the  pavement  I  have  mentioned.  This  road  run  up  to  the  city  al- moft  due  weft;  and  entered  it,  very  probably,  where  it  does  now,  at,  or  about.  Monk - ( l)  See  p.  44.  Britannia  Rom. 1  bar. \zz«/mT  j \C.1ES.1HI- 1 Ix.vsrs.  ! ^Bernard mm/  Morsivm.  Arbeia  .  Dictis  . AkaBOXM {jiitherlt/  ^ \  CATAPACromvM J  Ciatttuu'k  ( •Knarcfburgl; Skipton nirri Adel\ CofrCIVM Isibcbcitcr .fllmonburv  ; To  t/u  Society  of. 'Antiquaries  in  London,  t/uj  P/afr  of t/ie  Roman  Roads  in OfHum flu  / Teife  M ■s  Sin  vs S^Iutbv  £)au 'Ounficv. [Scai'deburgh Caflptim IVMontcsVh’ jf^Hambleton' CaflriimBarf Juicy  Bay Appfelcn  /r  §ucct Jiarton  /iir  le  §  tl  ecr /'Newburgh, Rafmgwold <£alctc’ulm' rternua  v !  Galtres  Fpr : ^ATVLOBVNVM :l®nf^=5===== \  /  Warram Ji/rk&  tKCt Creac  Caft: SLexfmere ^  vuc  b  v  ''2l§F lamborou  gh  He  a  d VabrAnt  vigor  vm  Sinvs. For  tv  os  vs vel  Salvtaris. iGiulmgton  i8ay. Petvarta Paris i EBJORA12VM ‘/Derventioi ’  £  tainfm&b  w.g JDeigovitia C'jQchnondhajT) JT&bciiftcr i  \\ J  \\Humbeifl Harr/rt/ /Aberfom Airmin Humber Old  U  ^ ‘Wintrinp-ham ■lh^ton -Praeto Raven  (hurt Danvm'' \(2nmti/  of  York  kr.  ij.par/im/arfa/, mjcri/w/ /y  tAet-r  Brother,  and  i^ri/  /u-rn/Ie  JfTiwnt,  Francis  Drake OCELLVM  PR  OMONTOR1  VM, Spurn  4)ciii> . 37 Chap.IL  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. bar.  In  dean  Gates  time,  a  firm  ftone  caufway  was  difcovered  at  eight  foot  deep,  between fw) Monk-gite  and  the  bridge,  on  the  north  fide  the  prefent  ftreet,  which  pofiibly  might  be part,  of  the  termination  of  our  road.  The  frequent  deftruftiofts  of  our  city  having  laid  thefe, as  well  as  other  matters,  deep  in  the  ruins  or  rubbifh  of  it. Having  now  almoft  run  round  the  city,  and  tired  my  reader  as  well  as  my  felf,  I  fhould purfue  the  courfe  of  my  annals,  did  not  another  road  prefent  it  felf,  which,  whether  Ro¬ man  or  not,,  I  fhall  leave  to  better  judgment.  There  is  a  remarkable  eftuary,  or  bay,  not taken  notice  of  in  Ptolemy,  more  northward  than  the  laft,  which  is  the  mouth  of  the  river TeiJ'e  or  Tees.  This  bay,  or  what  you  will  call  it,  muft  have  been  occafionally  made ule  of,  as  well  as  fome  others,  on  this  coaft;  and  therefore  we  might  prefume  to meet  with  a  road  from  it  to  the  city.  Cleveland  is  a  very  bad  place  to  exped  now  to  find  it in  •,  nor  do  I  remember  to  have  taken  notice  of  any  fhew  of  it  over  Hambleton- bills ,  which are  in  the  line  to  Tork  from  the  bay.  But  I  obferved  fomewhat  very  like  a  Roman  Jira- tum  in'  the  hne  betwixt  Coxzvold  and  Newburgh  ■,  which  laft-named  place  might  have  been an  entrenchment:  on  it.  Newburgh,  called  Novus  Burgus  by  Leland,  plainly  indicates, that  it  fprung  from  the  ruins  of  fome  old  HBurgf),  or  town,  in  this  place.  Up  the  hill,  by lord  Faicmberg’s  park-wall,  a  good  deal  of  it  is  obvious-,  particularly,  oppofite  to  the  ex- tream  corner  of  this  wall,  is  a  piece  of  it,  ten  yards  out  of  the  prefent  road,  and  almoft under  the  hedge,  very  frefh  and  apparent.  I  muft  obferve,  that  this  pavement  is  of  the fame  kind  of  pebble  and  manner  of  laying,  as  thole  I  have  already  defcribed  ;  and  that  it is  here  fet  upon  a  dry  fandy  hill,  a  place  none  but  the  Romans  would  have  laid  a  ftreet  over. For  o-ood  and  bad  with  them  were  paved  alike.  I  traced  the  veftiges,  or  the  ftones  of  it, farther  in  the  lane  as  far  as  Creyke -,  which  place,  though  I  can  deduce  nothing  from  its  name, feems  to  bid  fair  for  a  Roman  fortrefs  upon  this  road.  Creyke ,  Crek ,  or  Epeac,  was  a  roy¬ al  villa,  or  palace,  in  the  time  of  the  Saxons,  and  was  given  as  early  as  the  year  685,  by Erfrid  the  Northumbrian  king,  with  three  miles  of  land  in  circumference,  to  St.  Cuthbert , then  bjfhop  of  Lindisfarn  or  Holy-ijland.  And  there  is  this  reafon  afiigned  for  it,  that  Cuth¬ bert  going  or  returning  to  and  from  York,  might  have  a  houfe  there  to  reft  himfelf  at  (n).  If we  would  go  the  readied:  way  to  Holy-ijland,  from  Tork,  it  is.  certain  this  is  the  road  ;  and taking  Slipping  at  the  Teefe  mouth,  the  journey  by  land  is  very  much  fhortened.  From, whence  we  may  conjetfture,  that  this  Roman  road,  as  I  take  it  to  be.  Was  then  good,  and made  ufe  of  in  Sr.  Cuthbert' s  time  to  that  purpofe.  Befides,  the  Romans  had  a  further  con¬ venience  in  this  road,  which  was  a  much  nearer  cut  for  them  from  Tork  to  the  wall  or  fron-. tiers-,  and  by  croffmg  the  Teefe-mouth  only,  they  faved  many  miles  in  the  march,  from  the grand  military  way  b j  Aldhtirgh,  and  fo  on. Cnykc^cajllr,  now  a  ruin,  is  fituated  upon  a  hill  the  fitted  for  a  cajlrum  exploratorum  of any  in  the  large  vale  of  Tork ;  for  it  has  a  great  command  of  the  country  quite  round.  But though  I  met  with  fome  probable  traces  of  a  Roman  road  up  to  this  place,  yet  I  was  not  able to  discover  the  leaft  remains  of  it  from  hence  to  Tork.  The  vaft  and  fpatious  foreft  of (tfjaltrcs,  began  almoft  at  the  foot  of  this  hill,  the  ground  of  which  being  loofe  and  watery, has  long  fince  fwallowed  up  the  agger  of  this  road.  But,  as  the  way  from  Creyke  to  Tork is  now  in  a  ftreight  line,  we  may  conjefrure  the  old  road  did  follow  the  fame  traeft,  and  en¬ ter  the  city  near  or  at  its  prefent  gate,  or  bar  on  this  fide. I  have  now  finifhed  my  furvey  of  the  Roman  roads  leading  to  our  antient  EBORACVM  ; I  hope  I  fhall  not  be  thought  to  deviate  from  my  fubjeft  in  treating  of  them  and  our neighbouring  ftations.  The  importance  of  any  city  or  town,  is  beft  judged  by  the  num¬ ber  of  roads  leading  to  and  from  it ;  and  if,  at  the  diftance  of  fo  many  ages,  we  can  find fuch  evident  traces  of  them  at  this  day,  it  muft  not  only  be  matter  of  wonder  and  furprife, but  greatly  help  to  aggrandize  my  fubjett.  The  Romans,  I  may  fay,  were  the  firft  that opened  this  country,  by  making  high-roads  over  places  before  unpaffible  ;  but  then  they planted  fufficient  guards  upon  them,  at  proper  diftances,  that  thefe  conveniences  they  made only  for  their  own  ufe,  fhould  not  ferve  either  the  native  Britons,  or  any  foreign  invader,  to diflodge  them.  That  the  reader  may  at  one  view  have  a  juft  idea  of  all  thefe  roads,  I have  fubjoined  a  map  of  the  large  and  fpatious  vale  of  Tork,  with  the  ports  and  bays  on the  eaftern  fea-coafts.  In  this  the  Roman  high-ways,  up  to  the  city,  are  delineated  ;  it  is to  be  obferved  that  the  lines  are  drawn  where  the  agger  or  Jlralum  is  now  vifible,  and the  dots  or  pricks  where  we  may  well  fuppofe  the  roads  directed,  though  the  agger  which compofed  them  be  now  quite  funk  or  removed. Befides  thefe  land-roads  which  lead  to  EBORACVM  from  fo  many  different  ftations  and fea-ports,  by  means  of  the  river  it  flood  upon,  the  communication,  by  water,  was  open  to the  German  ocean  and  confequently  veffels  might  arrive  there  from  any  port  in  the  em¬ pire  ;  nor  was  there  a  fhip  then  in  ufe,  but  might  be  moored  under  the  very  walls  of  tne  city. I  confefs,  I  was  always  at  a  lofs  to  confider  and  make  out  which  way  that  vaft  armament they  kept  garrifoned  on  the  wall,  the  other  northern  ftations,  and  in  the  city  it  felf,  were ( nt)  E  MS  Gale.  redienf  manponem,  ubi  requiefcerc  pojfet.  Lei.  Coll.  ?. (n)  Rex  Ecfrid  vi/lam  fuam  de  Crek,  et  tria  in  eircuitu  369. milliaria ;  dtdit  S.  Cuthberto.K/ haberet  Ebor.  iens  vet  inde L fupplied The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. fiipphed  with  corn  as  well  as  other  provifions,  unlefs  it  was  imported  to  them  from  abroad But  l  find  they  had  a  more  noble  contrivance,  more  fuitable  to  the  genius  and  induftry  of the  Roman  people;  and  by  it  they  made  the  fouthern  and  more  cultivated  parts  of  the lfland  lupply  the  northern  with  eafe  and  convenience.  I  was  agreeably  let  into  this  difco very  by  a  letter  I  received  fince  this  work  was  put  to  the  prefs,  from  the  reverend  Dr Stukeley ,  the  ingenious  author  of  the  Ilinerarium  Curiofum ,  £*.  I  (hall  give  it  the  reader at  length,  and  ana  glad  it  came  time  enough  to  be  inferted  in  a  proper  place  of  the  work ilnce  I  am  lure  it  will  prove  a  very  great  ornament  to  my  fubje<5t. SIR , CE"ng  y°u  cngag^d  “the  antiquities  of  Turk,  I  was  willing  to  contribute  fomewhat  to¬ rn  “  war°  >™ir  laudable  defign  ;  the  more  lo,  becaufe  it  muft  be  from  this  country that  we  deduce  the  origin  of  that  famous  city  ;  which  confiderable  particularity  might, by  reafon  ofdiftance,  very  eafily  efcape  your  obfervation.  The  propofition  will  feem unintelligible  till  I  have  explained  my  felf.  If  we  enquire  why  the' Romms  built  the  city „  and  why  >n  thf:  very  place?  it  muft  be  anfwered,  by  confider.ng  that  famous work  of  theirs  in  Lincelnjhtre ,  which  we  call  the  Car^Dike. “Such  was  the  admirable  genius  of  that  great  people,  raifed  up  by  divine  providence  to  ci- vilize  mankind  for  the  mtrodufhon  ot  the  gofpel  :  Such  their  dexterity  in  arts  of  peace ‘  and  government,  that  they  were  only  equalled  therein  by  their  own  military  difeipline. “  It  is  well  laid  in  Sulpicue fatyra>  r “  duofunt  quibus  extulit  ingens Roma  caput,  virtue  belli  &  fapientia  pacis(o). "  I  have  often  admired  this  great  inftance,  the  Car.-bike,  though  it  is  little  taken  notice  of. Since  the  account  of  it :  in my Ilinerarium,  pag.  7.  1  have  had  frequent  opportunities  ofob- eiving  it,  and  it  would  be  (I  doubt  not)  of  fingular  ufe  to  an  engineer ,  to  trace  its  whole ‘  length  from  Peterborough  to  Lincoln ,  and  to  obferve  their  method  of  carrying  on  the  level : of  combating,  as  ufual  to  them,  with  earth  and  water,  paffing  plains  and  rivers,  avoiding ,  de™tions,  guarding  againft  land-floods  and  the  like.  My  purpofe  at  prefent  fhall  only  be to  give  you  a  general  accoun  t  of  that  noble  work,  and  of  the  great  commodities  refulting therefrom,  which  will  fufficiently  evince  its  relationfhip  to  your  city  of  Tork  S “  The  Remans  were  infinitely  delighted  with  the  fertility  and  temperature  of  this  ifland, ‘  as  “ evlde"t  from  the  very  great  number  of  cities  and  roads  with  which  they  have  adorned like  a  choree  garden  plot.  Their  great  cate  was  to  fence  the  beautiful  part  of  it  againft “  the  horrors  of  the  north.  This  was  the  work,  from  time  to  time,  of  feveral  emperors  by “  walls,  trenches,  caftella,  and  a  continual  guard  of  foldiers  upon  thofe  frontiers.  With  this “  view.>t  was,  that  the  city  of  York  was  built  and  made  the  refidence  of  the  emperors, “  asms  the  higheft  part  up  the  river Oufe,  to  which  the  navigation  extends,  and  by  means ^ i°Ur was  {urni^ed  with  corn  from  the  more  fouthern  parts  of  the  ifland “  Romam  permitted  nothing  to  chance  which  they  could  poffibly  avoid  ;  the  carriage “  ^  ‘ea  was  ^"gcrous  and  uncertain,  fo  they  contrived  this  admirable  method  of  an  in- “  kind  navigation,  more  fafe,  certain  and  expeditious  ;  it  was  made  at  lead  fo  early  as  An- u  tomnus’s  time,  perhaps  in  Nero* s. The  Romans  began  this  notable  projeftion  upon  the  Northamptonjhire  river,  the  None- an.  Tn  country  abounding  with  tillage.  The  cut  commences  juft  below  P eterborough- “  mmftei.  A  fair  filver  coin  at  Antoninus  was  lately  found  upon  the  bank,  and  viven  to "  mC'  COf  IU-  DES-  IIU-  A  figure  handing.  It  belong?  to  the '  y,e‘lr.  of  rue  city  895.  Many  Roman  coyns  are  found  about  the  minder-,  and  I “  doubt  not,  but  the  fcite  of  it  was  a  Roman  caftrum  walled  about,  and  many  granaries budt  there  for  confervatton  and  guard  of  the  corn,  by  our  Saxon  anceftors  called  the "  l)urs!):  ““  from  St.  Peter’s  monaftery  it  took  its  prefent  name,  being  a  place  of  great ‘  trade  in  Roman  times,  there  were  many  buildings  by  the  river  befide  the  caftrum.  Thofe •  ruins  the  Saxons  called  tpcbcC&amffcbe,  not  knowing  the  Roman  name,  fignifying  the c  remains  or  houfes  on  the  meadow.  °  1  6 “  Three  miles  higher  up  the  river  is  Cajlor,  another  caftrum  of  the  Romans  for  a  fur- ‘  ther  guard  m  thefe  parts;  and  over  againft  it  upon  the  river,  Chefterlon,  where  be- -  tween  the  river  and  the  London  road,  is  the  ancient  city  DVROBRIVIS,  now  plow ‘  C'!  over-  Thirtieth  of  Auguft  1731,  I  condufted  Mr.  Roger  Gale  hither,  and  we •  furveyed  it  together;  it  is  called  Caftlefield.  The  great  Hermenftreet  road  goes  through ‘it:  1  here  was  a  bridge  over  the  river;  they  took  up  the  piers  lately,  when  they ‘  made  thc  nver  navigable.  I  believe  this  city  originally  was  one  of  the  forts  built  by (e)  To  raife  Rome's  mighty  head  went  two  great  part*. In  war  their  valour ,  and  in  peace  their  arts. A.  Plait. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. Chap.  II. “  "n  his  ,fi7r(b  ,conSuefts  here  :  ^finite  numbers  of  coins  found  in  this  place  I “  vea;ebaroSrdit^rSv  o fTrft  fOS'  ln'  T'f  CiC^  WaS  -1W  ^out  LThada ::  ,ir  F  W& z  r ips^ra  crs’.tsrsriis and Aldwarkton,  were  formerly*™**  buildings:  So  at  Stanground\nA  HorlZidr" bJgl  W1SQken  forfcCUrI^°fthe  hereabouts,  where  the  artifict?  chafei ::  x$j®tsx  ssssSS ::  p^TTE  asttsstt  a-tete  £S  fflMSsrt ([  As  tbe  c‘,r!Jiht  advances  on  the  edge  of  the  high  grounds  below  P elerborourh  it  runs through  the  town  of  Peaktrk,  between  the  church  and  St.  Pern’s  chauel  ri,,,f  , “  rruf0r’S  §arfd7?  ,and,<0  “  EaJl  DaPinS-  Here  the  river  Welland  from  , Stamford  brings'in the  corn  of  Rutland  and  parts  circumjacent  Ar  •„  \  ,  .  ,  nSs  ^ iifs'r, “  Thttrlbr  en?H"P  S3te!  ,lhf.<IJai:DlllE  runs  between  the  church  and  the  reftory  houfe  of Thurlby,  and  io  proceeds  all  the  way  upon  the  weftern  edge  of  the  fen  At  Notion  the feat  of  my  learned  friend  and  patron  Sir  Richard  Elhs  it  bounds  his  Dark  hv  the  '  „ “  o  'he  pnory.  It  enters  the  river  Wilham  at  IVafoenburgh  below  Lincoln  ’where  I  fup „  P  f  ,a  sreat  p'ee  into  the  river,  as  at  its  head  at  Peterborough  I  obfer’ve  here “  Allied  y  fr  he  b/g'nnin8  of an  arcificia!  ™t  from  the  river,  the  m*L» “  FrfI^  r"3L“^Creinb^his  artificial  channel  and  the  river ofmtbdm “  E  cSled  tht^fenXPH11  thlCutfP°nknny  ]°W  grounds  into  the  river  Treat:  This canea  the  JfOu-^DlKC.  Here  the  Roman  name  of  fo/Ta  is  DrcfrrvpH  PiiTm,  , “  began  to  cleanfe  this  river,  but  died  before  comp&H  H^ld?nLntio^Zfr ::  the  time  of  B^y-wfthe  king’S^Ta  ttNottbZZl “  iF«fUfteandaSt°he  na^ttoffiin*  iSTo fteZLoM  7d  ^h  “d  °f  the “-for  defaults:  As litisrfcited  by  the „  3  ™ea"s  ot  the  fr ft}  thcy  brought  in  the  corn  of  all  Nottingham/hire  I  have  a difeourfe  by  me,  which  I  wrote  three  years  ago,  wherein  I  fhnwrhn/  AT**  ,  G  “ that  S°ud  part  of  the  caftle  there,  is  the  remains  of  a  Roman  orTnarTmade  for the  reception  of  corn,  for  the  very  purpofe  we  are  nnnn  Fi-r,m  *1  „  cr3.  ,  X  la  . *or “  ttotttth  the  corn-boats  was  continued  acrofs  the  Humber  into  the  river  Ouf  TherefP’ took  the  advantage  of  the  tides,  which  carried  them  up  to  York  f  '  '  ^ m  the  more  fouthern  part  of  the  province  fupplied  the  wants  of  ,3  .  d  °f  Jand “  greatbody  of  foldiers  mult  necefiarily  be  kenrfn  in  “die  northern;  where  a “  and  praetentures ;  but  more  fo  in  times  of  war  which  °  pe.rCe’  t0  guard  the  walls “  the  Pitls  or  old  Britons :  Th  s  well  became  th^  f  ffln  fre<?"“dy  the  cafe  with “  and  we  enjoy  the  fruits  of  k  to  this  day ^ “  of  the  gofpel  flew  hither;  with  their  bright  arms  rlnr  S  ?C  fwifter  £,ad  tldings “  ,7fHd  °Ur  nr°rth,ern  rcS.ions  and  conquered  farther  than  theirUfwonrdsm°re  P°We‘fui  hSht> “  henceeSHLlVtLTnlLlt\3eyivfdYt°ht  li-d “  a  very  eafy  conveyance  partook  of  the  plenty  o/the  Lth  1  frl  cT  ^ l  r“ad/-  f°rtS.Tnu  3iS  navigation  at  about  five  mite  dlftato  Valonf  for  fh°‘ ::  »  Plough  is  five  Roman  miles, „  1°  Cale-b:'&  upon  the  river  Glen  is  five  miles,  near  mifthon  where  thev  fild  h Roman  coin  :  Five  miles  further  was  the  Roman  town  at  Stanfield-  Then  nlr^  t  rnUC/h ‘  Garwick,  Walcote,  Wajhenborough,  Lincoln  Torktev  which  waff  Then.  B'lHfrough, “  Ehe  Trent  Acelocvm,  »  J whth  w^v  cT ^  Up°" vallvm,  Burtngham,  Fhstbomtgh,  Alkborough  Aqvae  :  Upon  the  O  JisTrmT^exa 3  “  Aj  min. 39 / : the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. te  /irmifty  Hemmingboroughy  Acafier ,  and  the  like,  which  may  well  amufe  thofe  that  have “  leifure  and  curiofity  to  enquire  after  them. “  The  name  of  CatDtfce  is  briti/b,  Caeirs  palus. WILLIAM  STUKELE1 Stamford  21  June  1735* This  ingenious  letter  requires  little  comment  ;  being  explanatory  enough  in  it  felt  ;  and to  enlarge  upon  it  is  the  work  of  one  that  fliall  publifh  a  new  edition  ol  Camden ,  the  Bri¬ tannia  Romana ,  or  the  Roman  hiftory  of  the  whole  ifland.  But  yet  I  mult  not  let  it  pais without  fome  few  additional  remarks  on  this  grand  fubject. And  firft,  I  mult  beg  leave  to  diffent  from  the  reverend  Dr.  in  the  propofition  he  has laid  down  that  the  origine  of our  famous  city  muft  be  deduced  from  this  great  cut  in  Lin- colnfliire.  I  am  of  opinion  that  the  direct  contrary  is  to  be  believed,  and  that  the  grand canal  he  writes  of  owes  its  original  to  EBORACY  M.  We  mult  fuppofe  that  our  city was  built  and  fortified  long  before  this  cut  was  made  •,  and  that  this  prodigious  undertaking, the  work  of  an  age,  though  carried  on  by  Roman  arts  and  induftry,  was  not  begun  till the  ifland  from  the  wall  fouthward  was  intirely  fubjedted  to  them.  This  was  by  no  means fo  till  Severn s  his  coming  into  Britain,  as  has  been  Ihev/n  i  who  having  cooped  in  the  Pitts and  Scots  by  the  mighty  ramparts  he  built  againft  them,  fell  upon  this  noble  expedient  ol furnifhing  the  garrifons  that  were  ftationed  on  the  wall  with  proper  and  never  failing  provifi- ons.  This  great  general  would  not  leave  the  ifland  until  this  grand  defign  was  at  leaft  fet on  loot  j  and  it  is  highly  probable  his  flay  at  2'ork,  till  he  died,  was  to  lee  it  carried  on with  vigour.  The  peaceable  age  the  ifland  enjoyed  after  this  emperor’s  death  was  the  pro- pereft  time  the  Romans  ever  had  to  finifhawork  of  this  nature  in.  The  builder  of  the wall  muft  have  been  the  projector  of  this  other  great  fcheme  ;  the  keeping  and  maintaining that  vaft  armament  upon  it,  by  a  fafe  and  fure  way,  was  a  thought  worthy  of  the  head  and conduct  of  the  great  Severus. From  the  extraordinary  care  and  pains  the  Romans  bellowed  in  making  the  great  cuts aforelaid,  we  muft  be  affured  that  their  receptacles  at  Tork,  both  on  land  and  water,  were proportionably  large,  to  contain  the  prodigious  quantity  of  corn,  that  was  brought,  and  the vaft  number  of  boats  neceffary  tor  the  conveyance  of  it  to  the  city.  The  river  Oufe  was by  no  means  large  enough,  nor  fafe  enough,  for  the  purpofe  ;  by  reafon  of  the  great  land- floods  which  often  come  impetuoufly  down  it.  They  had  recourfe  then  to  a  more  noble undertaking  which  was  to  cut  another  river,  and  bring  down  as  much  water  as  they  want¬ ed  from  {he  country  above  them.  This  is  what  we  call  the  Fofs,  whofe  very  name  ftill retains  the  memory  of  its  original.  Its  fource  is  no  higher,  up  the  country,  than  fix  or feven  miles  north  of  the  city;  and  by  making  this  cut  many  conveniences  accrued  For  it was  not  only  a  confiderable  drain  to  the  great  forelt  of  Gallres  on  that  fide  ;  which  before muft  have  been  a  perfect  bog  by  its  flatnels ;  but  it  would  alio  add  to  the  fortification  of the  city ;  and,  at  the  fame  time  ferve  to  fill  up  a  large  bafon,  or  refervoir,  neceffary  lor the  reception,  and  laying  up  in  fafety,  of  the  number  of  boats  employed  in  this  naviga- tlOI\Vhoever  will  take  a  furvey  of  the  Fofs  at  Tork,  or  confider  it  in  the  print  or  plan  of  the city,  which  I  have  given  in  the  fequel ;  will  furely  be  ot  opinion  that  this  Fofs  was  no  other than  an  artificial  conveyance  tor  their  veffels  to  pafs  and  repafs  to  and  from  this  part  ol the  town.  The  great  dam  head  which  is  thrown  crofs  the  Fofs,  at  the  Caflle  trains,  feems by  its  prefent  ftrength  to  have  been  the  antient  flood-gates,  or  ftoppage  to  the  water  on that  fide.  Through  this  fluice  the  veffels  were  let  into  the  water,  which  did  formerly  noc only  furround  the  caftle  and  tower,  but  made  a  very  confiderable  bafon  befides.  But  the crand  dock,  or  refervoir  of  water,  lay  ftill  higher  in  the  city  ;  and  extended  probably Sver  all  that  morafs  called  now  the  Fofs  if  and;  from  Fofs-bridge  to  Layrthorp -bridge.  I  his ifland  is  far  front  being  firm  land  at  prefent  ;  and  no  doubt  is  collected  fince  the  time  ol the  Romans.  For  it  was  certainly  navigable  for  filhing-boats  down  as  low  as  the  time  of Ed.  III.  and  was  then  called  flagman  regis  do  Fofs.  This  will  appear  by  feveral  grants  and inquifitions,  taken  at  that  time  relating  to  this  filhery,  which  will  be  recited  when  I  come to  treat  on  this  particular  place  in  the  fequel.  The  king’s  claim  to  this  water  and  the filhery  of  it  was  then  of  a  great  extent,  for  it  reached  from  the  Caflle  milns ,  then  alfo  called the  king’s  milns ,  up  as  high  as  the  abbot  of  St.  Mary’s  milns,  which  formerly  flood  on  the Fofs  above  Earfley-bridge,  in  the  road  to  Huntington. This. prodigious  colleition  of  water,  which  now  has  no  lefs  than  five  bridges  laid  over different  parts°  of  it  to  come  at  the  city  by,  was  no  doubt  a  great  fecurity  to  it  on  that fide.  But  the  main  dock,  I  take  it,  was  principally,  where  the  ifland  is  at  prefent.  In this  noble  bafon  fome  hundreds  of  veffels,  fuch  as  they  then  ufed,  might  lie  in  the  utmoft fafety.  From  the  eaft  there  came  in,  or  rather  was  drawn  into  it,  another  ftream,  called  alfo the  Fofs.  And  as  the  tides  from  the  river  OufihaA  likewife  a  communication  with  it,  there could  be  no  fear  of  wanting  water  either  winter  or  fummer.  Thus  did  Roman  arts  and  ingenu- Chap. II.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. ity  abundantly  make  up  what  nature  had  denied  to  the  fituation  of  EBORACVM.  For though  the  river  Oufe  was  then  navigable,  and  was  fo  feveral  ages  after,  for  any  fhip  then ufed  at  fea ;  yet  the  narrownefs  of  the  river  would  not  allow  room  for  fuch  a  number  of vefiels  to  lie  together  as  mud  neceffarily  meet  on.  this  occafion.  Flaccus  Albinus,  or  Alcu- inus ,  a  native  or  York ,  an  author  of  great  authority,  and  ancient  tedimony,  it  being  near one  thoufand  years  fince  he  lived,  writes  thus  of  his  city, Hanc  Romano,  inanus  murh  &  turribtts  altam Fundavit  primo - ■ Ut  for  el  Em  for  i  vm  terrae  commune  marifque — . To  be  the  common  mart  of  earth  and  fea. And  William  of  Malmjbury  fpeaking  of  the  magnificence  of  York ,  before  it  was  dellroyed by  the  conqueror,  has  thefe  words,  EBORACVM,  lirbs  ampla  &  metropolis  eft,  eleganliae Romanae  praeferens  indicium  ;  a  duabus  partibus  Hufae  fluminis  edificata.  Includit  in  medio finu  fui  naves  a  Germania ,  &  Hibernia  venientes.  Now  though  the  river  Oufe  is  here  named, yet  it  is  rather  to  (hew  the  extent  of  the  buildings  of  the  city  than  that  the  Ships  here  men¬ tioned  lay  in  it.  Sinus  by  our  bed  dictionaries,  is  rendered  a  large  bay ,  in  refpeft  to (hipping,  or  a  place  cf  fafety  (p)\  and  to  me  this  pafiage  feems  rather  to  point  at  the  grand bafon  aforefaid,  than  any  place  above  or  below  bridge,  on  theViver  Oufe. Befides,  we  are  well  acquainted,  both  by  tradition,  hiftory,  and  our  own  records,  that very  able  merchants,  who  have  been  magistrates  of  this  city,  and  at  the  fame  time  mayors ot  the  ltaple,  ol  Calais ,  lived  all  along  the  fide  of  the  Fofsf  from  Gaf legate  up  to  Peafeholm- green  ;  and  no  doubt  had  their  warehoufes  upon  it.  The  Merchanls-hall  at  York ,  a  fine old  fpacious  building,  dands  upon  this  navigation.  The  company  of  merchants  is  dill called  the  old  Hans  company,  which  derives  its  name  from  being  free  of  the  Hans- towns, or  the  great  trading  towns  in  the  ead.  This  hall  was  their  bourfe  or  exchange;  and  was no  doubt  built  where  it  is  for  their  more  frequent  and  convenient  meeting  in  it.  At  the extremity  o(  this  grand  bafon  ,  beyond  Layetborp-bridge,  is  a  pldce  at  this  day  called Jewbury ,  quafi  ^ctuliurgl) ;  which  certainly  was  the  didriCt  allowed  thofe  mercantile people  to  live  in,  extra  muros\  and  where  they  might  alfo  have  the  advantage  of  this  na¬ vigation.  Ladly,  I  have  been  told  by  living  witnefies  that  in  their  time  had  been  dug  up broken  planks  of  boats ,  iron  rings ,  and  anchors  near  Layethorp-bridge ;  which  does  mod  evi¬ dently  (hew  that  the  navigation  from  the  Oufe  reached  at  lead  fo  high  as  to  this  part  of  the city. It  does  not  appear  any  where  that  I  know  of  when  this  navigation  was  difufed  ;  it  is  pro¬ bable  they  were  choaked  out  of  it  by.  degrees.  A  work  done  by  a  Roman  arm  mud  re¬ quire  great  drength  to  keep  up  and  fuftain  it.  And  the  bafon  in  time  filling  up,  would  foon become  firm  land,  it  the  doppage  at  the  water  milns  below  was  taken  away.  But  what  a noble  piece  of  water  mud  here  anciently  have  been  ?  A  bafon,  or  dock,  of  more  than  a mile  in  circumference.  ^  What  a  fight  it  was  to  fee  it  filled  with  Roman  Ships,  galleys, boats  lor  pleafure  and  ufe.  And  that  very  place  which  is  now  the  difgrace  of  York  by  be¬ ing  in  dimmer  time  little  better  than  a  finking  morafs ,  was  then  one  of  the  greated  orna¬ ments  old  EBORACVM. T.  he  place  where  the  cadle  of  York  now  dands,  in  all  probability,  was,  in  the  time  of the  Roradns ,  the  grand  magazine  or  repofitory,  for  the  corn  aforefaid.  There  being  fpace enough  within  its  area ,  for  fuch  a  purpofe.  The  Fof  walking  the  walls,  and  anciently drawn  round  both  cafle  and  tower ,  added  a  great  drength  to  its  natural  fituation.  It  was an  eafy  matter  here  for  boats  to  unload,  and  then  go  up  further  into  the  dock  to  lie  there till  another  occafion. Juft  below  the  cadle  the  Fof  is  called  JfofS-'Difep,  and  315;?ofoncp,  or  iio^oiuij  ca^tiiUc;  to its  entrance  into  the  Oufe.  The  former  part  of  this  lad  name  feems  to  be  compounded  of an  old  Englift:  adjeftive,  and  a  Norman  fubdantive  (q).  The  A.S.  Bpun,  fufcus,  brown and  can,  water;  a  proper  appellation  for  the  liquid  that  runs  through  it ;  being  chiefly  drawn from  moors  and  morafles  above  the  city.  SDthc  is  here  expreflive  enough  ;  and  having  the fiime  termination  at  York  that  the  grand  canal  has  in  the  counties  through  which  the  Dr.  has traced  it,  mod  evidently  proves  both  to  be  artificial  conveyances.  The  Saxon  Die  (r)  is  as plainly  deduced  from  the  verb  to  &15,  as  th t  Lalirl  foffa  a  fodiendo.  And,  though  in  fe¬ veral  places  thefe  words  are  alternately  ufed,  and  fometimes  put  together,  to  denote  a  Ro¬ man  cut,  high  road,  dry  ditch,  or  bank  ;  yet,  wet  or  dry,  no  place  in  Britain  can  claim either  of  thefe  appellations  from  a  natural  caufe. {p)  Sinus  pro  fccuritatc  Cf  prafidio  eft,  R.Steph.  thc- faur.  L.  L. (q)  By  a  fecond  letter  from  the  Dr.  I  am  informed that  a  town  upon  this  cut,  near  Bourn  in  Liniolnjhirc , is  called  Dike  a  Dike-ea ,  that  is,  dike  water. (0  Die  bice.  Vallum ,  foffa ,  a  trencf),  a  Dttcl),  a DlliC,  a  mote.  Linus  ille  de  quo  in  Chron.  Saxon,  ad ann-  90^,  mentio  faP. a  fort afe,  irofO-’DltiC  ,  agios  Ca- tabrigienfem  Cf  Suffolcicnfcm  qui  diflerminat.  Somner did.  Saxon. M  I  ftull * 41 4* TToe  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book!. I  (hall  take  leave  of  this  head,  until  I  come  to  the  particular  chapter  which  treats  of the  ancient  navigation  of  the  river  Oufe,  with  obferving  that  the  reverend  Dr  omits  that this  water  carriage  extended  as  far  up  the  river  as  Aldburgb,  the  old  ISVRIVM  upon  the Eure-,  which  is  the  very  extremity  of  it.  To  this  antient  Roman  Ration,  corn  and  other provifions,  were  no  doubt  conveyed  by  water  from  their  grand  magazine  at  Tori  From whence  by  land  carriages  it  was  condufted  up  the  Hennen-flreet  to  ferve  all  the  varrifons on  the  wall,  and  in  the  more  northern  Rations  from  Aldburgb.  The  cap  a,  or  cajfdla  for the  guard  of  the  river  above  2'ork,  were  in  all  probability  placed  at  the  fame  difiance  the reverend  Dr.  mentions;  and  then  they  will  fall  out  to  have  been  built  anciently  at  Bening. burgh-,  Aldw  ark-ferry  and  Aldburgb.  At  about  five  miles  diRance,  by  water,  from  each other. What  the  Dr.  obferves  that  car  is  derived  from  the  Britijh  Coeurs,  fakes  -,  he  needed  not to  have  gone  fo  far  for  his  etymology;  car,  and  cars  being  as  common  words  as  any  we have  in  the  north  to  exprefs  low  watry  grounds ;  though  it  is  fomewhat  firange  that  Dr Skinner  has  omitted  it. A. CCXCVII. And  now  to  purfue  the  courfe  of  my  annals.  1  muR  put  the  reader  in  mind  that  the  empe¬ ror  Severn  being  dead  and  his  fon  returned  to  Rome,  the  Roman  hifiorians  inform  us  of  no wars  or  commotions,  in  Britain,  for  near  the  fpacc  of  a  century  from  that  period.  At  length it  happened  that,  under  the  reign  of  the  emperor  Dioclefian,  there  were  fix  general  offiSrs rebelled  ;  amongfl  whom  Caraufius  (s)  who  was  fent  by  the  emperor,  with  a  fleet,  to  guard the  Belgick  coafis,  took  an  opportunity  to  (lip  over  into  Britain,  and  got  himfelf  proclanned emperor  at  York.  This  Caraufius,  according  to  Eutropius,  was  originally  a  Britan,  but  of mean  and  obfeure  parentage.  The  Scotch  hifiorians  mention  him,  though  they  dilfer  from the  Latin  as  to  chronology,  and  fay,  that  to  fecure  himfelf  in  Britain,  he  entered  into  a fafi  league  with  the  Pills  and  Scots-,  by  whofe  afliflance  he  overcame  Quintus  Bajfmnus,  a Roman  lieutenant,  who  was  fent  over  by  Dioclefian  to  difpofefs  and  defiroy  him  (t). After  which,  fay  they,  Caraufius  got  himfelf  proclaimed  king  of  Britain  at  York.  They add  that  he  retained  two  thoufand  Pills  and  Scots  for  ins  life-guard;  and  gave  up  all  the lands  from  Hadrian’s  wall  to  the  city  of  York,  to  the  kings  of  thofe  countries,  as  their  pa¬ trimony  for  ever;  and  as  a  reward  to  them  for  this  fervice. How  far  this  tefiimony  may  be  depended  upon  I  fhall  not  determine ;  but  that  Carau¬ fius  called  himfelf  Caefar,  and  was  refident  in  Britain ,  the  many  coins  of  his  Ramp,  found no  where  but  in  this  ifland  do  fufficiently  teflify.  Our  city,  and  efpecially  Aldburgb,  have turn’d  out  feveral;  and  at  the  lafi  mentioned  place  the  coins  of  this  emperor  are  as  frequent¬ ly  found  as  of  moR  others.  In  all  probability  he  was  flain  by  his  friend  Allelhis  at  York,  or in  thefe  parts;  who  immediately  after  took  on  him  the  fame  authority,  as  his  coins  do  bear witnefs;  which  are  equally  common  amongfl  us.  Allelhis  bore  fway  here  till  Conjlantius furnamed  Cbloms,  was  made  emperor,  who  coming  over  into  Britain  flew  Allelhis  and  reduced the  province  to  its  former  obedience.  This  tyrant,  we  are  told,  was  alfo  of  Plebian  race  ; and  had  been  originally  a  fmith;  for  the  foldier,  who  killed  him,  told  him,  for  the  greater ignominy  lake,  that  it  was  with  a  fword  of  his  own  making, Conjlantius  had  married  a  Britijh  lady  called  Helena  ;  the  daughter  of  Gallius,  Colius  ,  or Cod  one  ot  our  ifland  kings.  Authors  clafli  violently  in  opinion  relating  to  the  character of  this  lady ;  forne  allowing  her  to  be  no  better  than  a  common  proflitute  (t i) ;  whilfl  others, efpecially  thofe  of  the  Romijh  perfuafion,  crie  her  up  as  a  faint,  and  fet  her  at  the  head  of the  calendar.  Mr.  Bale  no  favourer  of  faints,  or  fuperflition,  has  dreffed  our  Helen  up  in the  greatefl  ornaments,  both  of  mind  and  body,  that  ever  the  befl  of  her  fex  was  poflefl'ed of  (x). The  marriage  of  Conjlantius,  with  the  princefs  Helena,  mufl  have  happened  feveral  years before  his  lafi  mentioned  expedition  into  Britain  -,  for  Conjlantine,  the  iifue  of  it,  was  above thirty  years  old  at  his  father’s  death.  The  panegyrijl  (y),  whom  I  fliall  have  great  occafion to  quote  in  the  fequel,  in  his  oration  to  that  emperor,  tells  him  that  he  was  benot  in  the very  flower  and  pride  of  his  father’s  youth  ;  which  time,  upon  cafling  backwards,  will  fall  to be  in  the  diflradlions  of  Britain,  under  the  ufurpations  of  the  thirty  tyrants  ;  or,  anno  chrifli, 272.  The  learned  cardinal  Baronins,  a  foreigner,  and  who  had  no  occafion  to  com¬ pliment  Britain  with  the  honour  of  being  the  birth  place  of  Conjlantine  the  great,  makes this  expedition  of  Conjlantius  into  the  province,  to  happen  anno  chrifli  274  (z)  It  was  then, he  fays,  that  Conjlantius,  firnamed  Chlorus,  only  a  Patrician,  or  fenator  of  Rome,  yet  of imperial  lineage  and  related  to  the  late  emperor  Claudius  (a),  was  fent  firfl  into  Britain  ;  to the  end  that  he  might  contain  that  nation,  frequently  accufiomed  to  revolts,  in  their  duty and  allegiance  to  the  emperor.  Here  is  a  contradiftion  amongfl  l'ome  of  our  chronologers ot  a  year  or  two ;  but  that  does  not  much  alter  the  cafe.  Aurelian  was  then  emperor (1)  l  ilhr  Dial.  ( yj  Eumenius  inter  fanegyr.  veterct. (t)  H'MuaJbraJ's  Scotch  chron.  Heitor  Boeliai.  Bo-  (z)  liaronii  cum  at  an.  306.  Sen.  16. ebanan.  (.,)  pajl  etuoi  fami/iae  rune  tertiuc  irrtbtrcitor.  Paneeyr. in)  Milton,  Sec.  ad  Conit,  N°  IX. fr)  Baleus  defeript  Eritan. and Chap.IL  of  the  CITYp/'YORK.  43 and  Conjlantius ,  a  yoiiflg  and  bold  commander,  was  employed  by  him  to  reduce  this  pro¬ vince  •,  which,  as  well  as  other  parts  of  the  empire,  was  at  laft  effected.  He  was  at  that time  made  propraetor  ( c),  and  lived  feveral  years  in  the  ifland  ;  foi1  being  of  a  graceful  per- fonage  (d),  fays  my  authority,  and  of  a  bold  and  cnterprifing  genius,  he  was  the  fitteft to  bear  rule  in  fo  turbulent  a  province.  That  the  emperor  Aurelian  did  fend  aid  into  Bri¬ tain,  needs  no  other  tellimony  than  the  Mauri  Aureliani ,  ftationed,  in  the  Nolitiaf  much further  north  than  York",  and  who  certainly  derived  their  name  from  that  emperor. There  is  no  part  of  Roman  hiftory,  relating  to  their  tran factions  in  Britain ,  fo  dark  as  at this  period;  that  is,  towards  the  latter  end  of  the  third  century.  And  it  is  no  wonder,  the empire  was  then  torn  and  divided  into  many  fhares ;  civil  diflenfions  continually  difturb- ing  of  it;  all  which  happened  fo  much  nearer  home,  that  Britain ,  a  remote  province,  was little  taken  notice  of  in  the  hiftories  of  thofe  times.  For  this  caufe  it  is,  that  we  cannot trace  Conjlantius  at  EBORACVM,  whilft  he  was  only  propraetor  or  lieutenant  of  Britain : but  there  is  all  the  reafon  in  the  world  to  believe,  that  he  made  this  place  his  chief  re- fidence,  whilft  he  was  deputy*  fince  he  certainly  did  fo  when  he  was  principal. Our  chronologers  make  this  laft  expedition  of  Conjlantius  into  Britain ,  to  fall  in  the  ^ year  three  hundred  and  five;  and  two  years  after  he  is  faid  to  have  died  in  this  city  (e).  CCCV. Eufebius ,  in  his  life  of  the  fon,  is  very  particular  in  deferibing  the  laft  moments  of  the  la¬ ther.  Conjlantine ,  who  had  been  left  as  a  pledge  of  his  father’s  fidelity  with  his  collegues Dioclefian  and  Galerius  at  Rome  ;  having  great  reafon  to  fufpedt  they  meant  him  no  good, efcaped  from  thence,  and  with  wonderful  celerity  and  cunning  in  his  flight  (f)  came  and prefented  himfelf  to  his  father  at  York.  The  fight  of  his  eldeft  and  beft  beloved  Ion*  whom he  had  long  wifhed  for,  but  never  hoped  to  fee,  fo  revived  the  dying  emperor,  that  rai¬ ling  himfelf  in  bed,  and  embracing  him  clofely,  he  gave  thanks  to  the  gods  for  this  great  un- cxpe&ed  favour  ;  affirming,  that  now  death  was  no  terror  to  him,  fince  he  had  feen  his fon,  and  could  leave  his  yet  unaccomplished  adions  to  be  performed  by  him.  Then  gently lying  down,  he  difpofed  of  his  affairs  to  his  own  mind  ;  and  taking  leave  of  his  children  Of both  fexes,  who,  fays  my  authority,  like  a  choir  flood  and  encompafied  him  lying  in  the imperial  palace  ( g )  and  royal  bed ;  and  having  delivered  over  to  the  hands  ol  the  eldeft,  as natural  reafon  required,  the  imperial  dominion,  he  expired. We  have  here  another  inftance  of  an  imperial  palace  at  EBORACVM,  which  two  of  A. thegreateft  and  moft  admired  pagan  emperors,  the  Roman  ftate  ever  faw,  lived  and  died  t£?9,VI1* in.  It  is  true  Eufebius  does  not  exprefsly  mention,  that  York  was  the  place  where  Conjlan-  J  xxv* tius  breathed  his  laft;  but  other  authorities,  particularly  Sc  Jerome,  and  Eutropius ,  a  hea¬ then  writer  of  that  age,  confirm  it.  Obiit  in  BRITANNIA  EBORACI  principals  autem tertio  decimo(h)  et  inter  divos  relatus  ejlt  He  died  at  York  in  Britain ,  in  the  thirteenth  year of  his  reign,  and  is  inrolled  amongft  thegods; If  then  Conjlantius  died  at  York ,  there  muff;  his  funeral  obfequies  be  folemnized  ;  and,  as we  have  reafon  to  believe,  his  afhes  entombed  ;  as  alfo,  the  ceremony  of  the  apotheofts , or  deification,  conferred  upon  him.  Eufebius  writes,  that  his  fon  and  fucceffor,  Conjlantine the  great,  was  immediately,  upon  his  father’s  death,  faluted  emperor,  and  was  inverted with  the  purple  robe  in  his  father’s  own  palace  (i).  After  which  the  dead  emperor’s  fune¬ ral  rites  were  performed  with  the  utmoft  magnificence  ;  an  infinite  number  of  people  affi- fting,  who  with  dances,  fongs,  and  loud  acclamations,  congratulated  his  afeenfion  to  the gods  (k).  _ Rome ,  in  the  height  of  all  her  grandeur  and  magnificence,  had  not  a  more  glorious  ffiow to  exhibit  than  the  apotheofts ,  or  deification,  of  their  emperors.  It  is  here  we  want  an Herodian  to  give  us  the  ceremony  of  the  funeral  and  apotheofts  of  Conjlantius ,  as  particularly as  that  author  has  deferibed  thofe  of  Severus.  But  that  the  reader  may  have  fome  notion  of this  uncommon  piece  of  Roman  pageantry,  I  fliall  beg  leave,  from  Herodian  to  give  a  de- feription  of  it.  I  make  no  doubt,  that  this  ceremony  was  performed  alike  at  York  as  at Rome ,  with  this  difference  only,  that  at  Rome  an  ivory  image  of  Severus  was  fubftituted,  but at  York  it  was  doneon  the  real  body  of  Conjlantius. “  The  image  of  the  dead  emperor,  being  exquifitely  carved  to  refemble  a  fick  perfon* “  was  laid  on  an  ivory  beft-ftead,  ready  furnifhed,  in  the  porch  of  his  palace.  The  prin- “  ces  and  fenators  fat  all  on  the  left  fide  of  the  bed,  clad  in  black  habits,  whilft  their  ladies, “  in  white  robes,  fit  on  the  other;  the  phyficians  diligently  attending.  When  leven  days “  were  ended,  as  if  he  was  then  juft  dead,  the  image  was  taken  up  by  the  prime  nobility (e)  Zojimus  1.  6.  et  not.  JoJepb.  Scaliger  in  Eufeblutn anno  273. (d)  Eurip.  apud  Porpbyr. (e)  Ducange  in  famil  aug.  Bizant.  writes,  that  he died  here,  July  25,  anno  Cbrijli  307. (f)  He  is  laid  to  have  hamftringed  all  the  poll-hor- fes  he  made  ufe  of  to  prevent  a  purfuit. (g)  In  palatio  et  in  regio  cubili  j  ace  ns—  —  -  Eufebius verjione  Valefii  in  vita  Conftantini. (h)  Principals  anno  tertio  decimo.  Notae,faIfum  ejl,  ft ertim  annos  quibus  Caefaris  potejlatem  exeriuit  conjungas cum  annis  quibus  Auguftum  imperium  obtinuit,  annos  xv. invenier,  quippe  creatus  ejl  Caefar  an.  ab  urbe  cond.  1043  ; P.  C  191  ;  delude  Auguftus  faSus  anno  U.  C.  1056,  P. C.  304.  decefjit  biennio  pofl  ct  tribus  menfsbus.  Eutrop. not.  varior.et  S.  Havercampi. (i)  Paterna  ornatus purpura— ^paternis  aedibus,  idem, (k)  The  panegyrilt  to  Conjlantine,  whom  1  fhall quote fuller  in  the  fequel,  expreifes  this  deification  in  thclc words,  Vcre  enim  profeflo  illi  fuperum  tempi  a  patuerunt, reccptujque  ejl  confeJJ'u  cocliturn,  Jove  ipfo  dextram  por- rigente.  Panegyr.  vettres,  n.  v. “  with 4 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. “  with  the  bed,  and  carried  into  the  forum,  where  all  th  t  praetorian  youths  and  noble  vir- “  gins  encompaffed  it,  Tinging  molt  doleful  hymns  and  dirges.  From  thence  the  image,  Ts?c. “  was  removed  to  the  field  of  Mars.,  where  a  frame  of  timber  was  erefted,  four  fquare,  of “  a  very  great  compafs  and  height,  the  gradations  ftill  afeending  pyramidically  to  the  top, “  richly  adorned  with  gold  and  purple  ornaments,  and  ftatues  of  great  art  and  price.  On “  the  fecond  of  thefe  afeents  was  placed  the  imperial  bed  and  image,  with  a  prodigious “  quantity  of  odorifick  gums  and  perfumes.  The  young  nobility  rid  round  the  pile  in  a “  kind  of  dance,  whilft  others  reprefented  great  kings  and  princes  in  their  chariots.  His “  fuccelfor  firft  put  fire  to  the  frame,  and,  after  him,  the  people,  on  all  Tides,  did  the “  like.  When  all  was  in  a  blaze,  an  eagle,  fecretly  enclofed  within,  was  let  fly  out  of “  the  top  of  the  pile,  the  multitude  following  its  flight  with  fhouts  and  prayers  ;  fuppofing, “  that  therewith  the  emperor  was  mounted  into  heaven. Except  the  flight  of  the  eagle,  the  peculiar  fymbol  of  their  deification,  this  piece  of pompous  pageantry  had  been  executed  on  the  body  of  Severus ,  at  York ,  where  he  died. The  cuftom  afterwards  was  to  flrike  coin  on  the  occafion,  where  an  eagle  was  always  re¬ prefented  on  the  reverfe.  The  medals,  or  coin,  ft  ruck  upon  the  apotheofis  of  Conjlantius , which  are  mentioned  by  feveral  authors,  and  are  common  enough  in  the  cabinets  of  the curious,  have  the  head  of  the  emperor,  velalum  el  laureatum ;  the  infeription  DIVO  CON- STANTIO  PIO;  reverfe,  an  altar,  with  an  eagle  on  each  fide  of  it,  holding  a  label  in their  beaks  betwixt  them,  inferibed,  MEMORIA  FELIX.  This  was  the  Lilt  ceremony of  its  kind,  that  was  performed  in  the  Roman  ftate  ;  and  probably  for  the  greater  honour to  this  excellent  prince,  two  eagles  were  let  fly  from  his  pile,  inftead  of  one  which  was  the cuftom  before.  Eufebius ,  a  chrifiian  writer  of  that  age,  has  left  Conjlantius  this  great  cha¬ racter. (1)  “  A  while  after,  the  emperor  Conjlantius ,  a  man  agreeable  in  every  point  of  life, “  who  was  remarkable  for  his  clemency  to  his  fubjeCts,  and  Angular  benevolence  to  thole <c  of  our  perfuafion,  leaving  his  eldeft  Ton  emperor  in  his  ftead,  was  fnatched  awfay  by “  death.  He  was,  by  Pagan  cuftom,  enrolled  amongft  the  gods,  and  had  all  the  honours, “  which  had  ever  been  paid  at  their  funerals ,  befiowed  upon  him.  He  was  themoft  be- “  nign  and  merciful  of  all  princes;  and  of  all  the  emperors  up  to  our  time,  he,  alone, “  led  a  life  fuitable  to  his  great  dignity.  Laftly,  as  in  other  things,  he  was  human “  and  beneficent  to  all ;  fo  towards  us  he  behaved  with  great  moderation,  and  kept  the  true “  worlhippers  of  God,  who  lived  under  his  government,  free  from  harm  or  danger  ;  nei- t£  ther  deftroying  our  churches,  or  fuffering  any  thing  to  moleft  us.  For  which  God  fo “  bleffed  him,  that  this  excellent  lather  left  a  more  excellent  fon,  the  heir  of  his  well  ac- ££  quired  empire. Conjlantius  being  dead,  and  his  funeral  obfequies  being  folemnized  at  York ;  we  come next  to  enquire  where  his  allies  were  depofited.  None  of  the  hiftorians,  I  have  mentioned, take  notice  of  this  circumftance ;  but  fi nee  they  are,  at  the  fame  time,  filent  as  to  their being  removed  from  hence,  we  may  juftly  conclude,  that  where  the  tree  fell,  there  it  was ordered  to  lye.  I  am  aware  that  Matthew  of  JVeJlminfier  (rn)  mentions  a  place  in  Wales where,  he  fays,  the  tomb  of  Conjlantius  was  found  ;  but  the  old  monk  Teems  to  doat  in  this ftory,  and  there  is  no  other  authority,  that  I  know  of,  to  confirm  it.  Our  great  antiqua¬ ry,  Camden ,  has  given  fome  light  to  this  affair,  and  perfectly  fecured  to  us  the  honour  of this  emperor’s  fepulchre,  if  you  do  not  believe  that  the  lamp  which  he  was  credibly  infor¬ med,  when  at  York ,  was  found  burning  in  a  vaulted  tomb ,  within  a  little  chapel ,  Toon  after the.  reformation,  was  any  more  than  an  ignis  fat uus.  (n)  The  intelligence  about  the  lamp , our  author  fays,  he  had  from  feveral  underfianding  men  in  the  city ,  who  told  him ,  that  the  vault was  found  under  ground,  in  a  place  where  conflant  fame  had  ever  reported  the  ajhes  o/Conftan- tius  to  be  laid.  Though  Camden  mentions  not  the  particular  place  where  this  wonderful monument  was  difeovered;  yet  lince  no  age  can  produce  an  interval  where  churches  and other  confecrated  places  were  fo  narrowly  fearched,  and  fo  feverely  plundered,  as  this  I have  mentioned,  this  ancient  fepulchre  might  then  be  broke  up,  and  pryed  into  for  an  ima¬ ginary  treafure ;  which  the  moft  barbarous  pagan  nations,  who  had  fo  often  taken  and facked  York,  fince  the  death  of  Conjlantius,  had  never  prefumed  to  do. To  add  a  little  more  confidence  to  this  ftory,  from  Camden ,  I  muft  lay,  that  tradition  ftill informs  us,  that  the  fepulchre  he  fpeaks  of,  was  found  in  the  parifh  church  of  St.  Helen  on the  walls,  which  once  flood  in  fllDtuarfc.  This  church  was  demolilhed  at  the  union  of them  in  this  city;  and  it  is  not  impoflible,  but  that  Confiantine  the  great,  when  converted to  chrjlianity,  might  order  a  church  or  chapel  to  be  erefted  over  his  father’s  afnes,  which was  dedicated,  perhaps  after  his  time,  to  his  mother.  For  fince  he  muft  have  a  fepulchre lomewhere  amongft  us,  I  know  no  place,  in  or  about  the  city,  more  likely  for  it  to  have flood  in  than  this. But  the  ftory  of  the  burning  lamp  will  require  a  little  further  difquifition.  Our  antiquary has  in  fome  meafure  given  us  a  receipt  out  of  Lazius,  for  this  wonderful  conipofition  ;  a fiction,  I  doubt,  he  too  readily  credited.  I  am  aware  of  feveral  great  and  venerable  names, (/)  Eufebii  etc/ej.  bJl.feS.  iv.  («)  Gii/on'i  Camden,  fee  Turk. (*)  In  Weftmin.  in  anno  1283. Chap. II.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. fuch  as  Plutarch ,  Pliny,  Ludovkus  Fives,  Baptifia  Porta,  Lketus,  Pancinllus,  St.  Aujtin £*.  that  give  teftimony  of  the  truth  of  this  ;  from  whom  we  learn,  that  the  ancients  Jhad a  method  to  diffolve  gold  into  a  fatly  fubfiance  that  would  hurn  for  ages.  But,  with  fubmiffion to  thefe  great  authorities,  I  fhall  fooner  concur  in  opinion  with  that  eminent  anti¬ quary,  of  our  own  days,  Motif aucon ;  who  fays,  it  is  impoffible  that  there  ever  was  or  could be,  fuch  lamps  in  the  world.  Our  natural  philofophy,  as  well  as  our  natural  reafon, teaches,  that  no  fire  can  fubfift  without  air;  but  this  unaccountable  flame  is  faid  to  be  ex- tinguifhed  by  it.  We  read  in  the  Roman  hilfories,  and  other  accounts  of  the  ancients that  there  was  at  Rome,  in  the  temple  of  the  goddefs  Vefta,  a  perpetual  fire  ;  as  alfo  in  the temple  ot  Minerva  at  Athens,  and  of  Apollo  at  Delphi.  But  this  was  fo  far  from  an  everlaft- ing  flame,  in  our  fenfe,  that  it  fubfifled  no  longer  than  whilft  it  was  fupplied  at  each  place  ■ that  is,  by  the  veftal  virgins  at  Rome,  and  at  Athens,  and  by  the  widows  at  Delphi  For  it went  out  in  the  time  of  the  civil  wars  at  Rome,  and  of  Mitbridates  at  Athens ;  and  at  Delphi it  failed,  when  the  Meeds  deftroyed  that  temple.  Of  this  fort  was  that  fire  which our  facred  fcripture  tells  us  that  God  appointed  Mofes,  the  fire  Jhedl  always  burn  upon  my altar,  which  the  priejl  fhall  always  keep  lighted,  putting  under  wood  day  by  day  And  Pan- cirollus  tells  us,  in  the  cafe  of  fepulchral  lamps,  that  it  was  ufuaj  for  the  nobility  at  Rome, when  they  made  their  wills,  to  take  fpecial  care  that  they  might  have  a  lamp  burning  in their  fepulchers ;  but  then  they  ufually  immunized  one  or  more  of  their  Haves,  on  condi¬ tion  of  being  watchful  in  feeding  and  preferving  die  flame.  A  trouble  that  might  well have  been  fpared  were  perpetual  lamps  to  be  had.  ° I  know  I  dwell  too  long  on  this  juftly  exploded  notion,  for  which  I  alk  pardon  though our  credulous  Wilkins  (o)  as  well  as  Camden,  comes  fully  into  the  belief  of  it  And  if  ic  be ilill  thought  fo  by  feme,  who  are  fond  of  the  marvellous,  it  mult,  at  the  fame  time  be owned,  that  this  rare  invention  will  be,  in  amentum ,  put  among!!  the  antes  terditae  of  the ancients.  But  to  conclude  this  head,  that  there  never  were  fuch  tilings  as  everlafting  lamps I  fay,  is  no  argument  that  the  tomb  of  Ctmftanlius  might  not  have  been  found  in  This  city’ at  the  time  before  mentioned.  Something  extraordinary  muft  have  been  difcovered  to give  occafion  for  the  report ;  and  the  ftory  of  the  burning  lamp,  like  that  faid  tobefoundin conjecture ^ ‘  daUghter’  might  be  fdSned  £°  g i«e  the  greater  authority  to  the Upon  the  demife  of  the  laft  emperor,  the  army  and  people  of  Rome,  who  were  then  in this  city,  immediately  proclaimed  Confiantmc,  his  elded  fon,  his  fucceffor  The  imperial purple  was  put  on  him  by  the  foldiery;  which,  we  are  told,  he  accepted  of  with  fome  re- luctancy \  nay  even  to  mount  his  horfe,  and  ride  away  from  the  army,  who  purfued him  with  the  robe  of  royalty  (p)-,  and  to  accept  of  it  with  tears.  The  Wife  of  his father  s  death,  and  this  new  offered  dignity,  might  dagger  the  young  prince’s  mind  at  firft- but,  being  perfuaded  by  his  friends,  the  princes  of  the  empire;  particularly,  fliys  an  hifto- '  rn/-?i-bT  Erocus’  ®  Germ“n  kings  Who  then  was  in  the  court  at  York,  he  at  laft  accented of  this  high  command. The  inauguration  of  this  great  monarch,  which  muft  have  happened  in  our  citv  as  like wife  a  ftrong  claim  we  have  to  the  drawing  his  firft  breath  in  itf  will  render  it  ever  fimous to  poftenty.  And  though  this  laft  be  fomewhat  more  dubious  than  the  former  yet  ?he honour  is  fo  great  that  the  argument  requires  a  more  than  ordinary  difquifition,  which  I ihall  attempt- in  thefequel.  1  9  1 The  pomp  and  ceremony  of  receiving  the  imperial  purple  at  a  time  when  th e  Roman powei  extended  over  molt  of  the  then  known  world,  and  had  either  their  tributary  kinvs  in perfon,  their  hoftages,  or  their  ambafladors,  conftantly  ref, dent  with  them,  muft  add  " prodigious  luftre  to  Fboracum  ;  and  gives  me  reafon  to  call  it  here  once  a°ain  Alte¬ ra  Roma.  lean  meet  with  no  hiftorian  that  has  been  particular  enough  to  “deferibe  the .nveft.tnreofthis  auguft  emperor  in  the  colours  it  deferves.  We  are  told,  however,  thatthe Bntifh  foldiers  m  Roman  pay.  Mated  their  countryman  COnftantine  emperor  atlvF  and prelented  him  with  a  tufa,  or  golden  ball,  as  a  fymbol  of  his  fbvercignty  over  the  fland of  Britain.  Tins  emblem  he  was  much  taken  with;  and,  upon  Ms  converfion  to  cbriLni- he  placed  a  crofs  upon  .t,  and  had  ,t  carried  before  him  in  all  proceffions  whatfoeve It  is,  finceth.s  emperor’s  time,  become  the  ufual  fign  ofmajefty,  and  ufurped,  I  will  not fay  improperly  fays  an  author  (r),  by  all  other  cbrijlian  princes,  and  reckoned  amoiSft their  regalia  When  by  its  firft  acceptation  by  Cmfiantine,  it  evidently  fhews,  that  he took  this  globe  as  a  fymbol  only,  ol  his  being  lord  of  the  ifland  of  Britain.  Our  Saxon ( o)  Wilkins's  median,  powers. (P)  operator  tranfjtum  fafturus  in  coe/um  vidit  quern rtlinquebat  haeredem.  Illico  enim  atque  We  terris  fucrat exemptus,  univerfus  in  te  confcdit  exercitus,  te  omnium menus  oculique  fignarunf,  et  quanquam  tun  ad  feniores principes  dejumma  rcip.  r.uid  fieri  placeret  retulijfes ,  prae- venerunt  tamen  JJudio,  quod  illi  max  judicio  probaverunt. Purpuram  Jlatim  til:,  atm  primus  copiarn  tui  fecit  egref- fus  militcs,  militate  publicae  magis  quum  tuis  ajfeftibus fer- 4 vientes,  injccere  lacrymanti,  neque  enim  fas  erat  diutitr fercy  nncipem  confecratum.  Dicer  is  etium,  imterator mz’ifte,  ardorem  te  depofeentis  exercitus  fugere  conatus  e- quum  calcanbus  mcitaire;  quod  quidem,  ut  verum  audios, adolefcentiae  errorc  facicbas,  fcV.  Eumenii  panegyr.  ad Conit.  mag.  1 ( l)  Vidor  in  epitom.  Caefar. (r)Chur chill's  divi  Britan. ^  monarchy, 4  6 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book! monarch:,  when  they  became  univerfal  lords,  affumed  this  emblem  of  jnlmmeJ  , but  with  them  it  was  a  globe  of  feathers,  called,  after  the  Brilijh  name,  re:  p  Bi  el:  men¬ tions  this  cnftgn  to  have  been  carried  before  Edwin  the  great,  & r.  A  bunch  of  feathers, as  appears  in  the  time  of  Richard  II.  in  a  grant  of  Sir  G.  r-onje  de  Clifton  to  Robert  de  Be- vercotes ,  was called  une  tuffe  de  flume  (s).  And  a  tuft  of  feathers,  with  us  at  this  day,  Kill retains  the  old  Brilijh  and  Saxon  appellation. The  birth  of  Conflantine  the  great,  according  to  a  very  learned  chronologer  (t),  happen¬ ed  in  the  year  of  Cbrifl  two  hundred  and  feventy  two.  His  words  are,  Conilunnnu  ,cag~ tins  hoc  anno  in  Britannia  natus,  patre  Ccnft.mtio  el  venire  Helena.  I  have  hinted  bcicre, that  it  was,  in  all  probability,  when  Conftantius  was  legate  in  Btil.u  ,  un-ci  the  cn  :  ror Aurelian  ;  and  the  whole  number  of  the  years  of  Confi  nline's  li  e  confirm  this  chronology. But  I  find,  that  not  only  the  exprefs  place  where  this  great  man  was  born,  but  even  the country  is  difputed.  For  the  latter,  three  very  eminent  writers  (u),  as  ever  any  age  pro¬ duced,  have  put  the  affair  out  of  contradiction  -,  and  il  fo,  what  particular  place  in  Britain  can bid  fairer  tor  it  than  Eboracvm  ? The  proofs  that  the  learned  authors,  whofe  names  I  have  given  in  the  notes,  bring  to ihew  their  affertion  juft,  are  too  copious,  and  too  foreign  for  my  purpofe,  excepting  the quotations  from  the  panegyrifi,  whofe  oration  to  Conflantine ,  fuppol'ed  to  be  made  at  his acceffion,  and  confequendy  at  Turk,  is  very  remarkable.  The  hiftorians  ot  this  age  are  fo lam;  and  defective,  as  to  give  us  few  hints  of  the  road  we  are  to  purfue  •,  but  this  orator  is particular  enough,  and  illuftrates  feveral  dark  paffages  which  could  not  have  been  made clear  without  him.  1  have  to  add,  that  his  authority  is  unqueftionable  by  all,  but  Mil- ton-,  whole  own  teftimony,  in  hiftory,  is  not  looked  upon  to  be  nearfo  valid  as  the  other  (k). The  oration  is  laid  to  be  made  by  one  Eumenius,  a  Gaul ;  and  it  we  were  fure,  that  it  was l'poke  in  this  city,  on  this  great  occafion,  the  whole,  though  long  enough,  could  not  be thought  impertinent  to  my  fubjeCt.  But  as  it  is,  there  are  feveral  remarkable  paffages  in the  fpeech  which  do  require  particular  notice. The  exordium  of  this  harangue  turns  chiefly  on  the  nobility  of  Conjlantine’s  birth,  and  the undoubted  right  he  had  to  the  empire  by  fucceffion.  In  difplaying  his  eloquence,  the  pa- negyrift  tells  him  of  his  noble  extraction,  in  very  (trong  terms,  which  by  no  means  fuits with  the  character  fome  authors  give  of  his  mother  (y).  The  paffages  which  feem  to  make it  evident,  that  this  emperor  was  bom  in  Britain ,  I  fhall  beg  leave  to  give  in  the  orator’s own  words  and  expreffion.  The  firft  is  taken  from  an  oration  made  to  Conflantine  and Maximian  by  an  uncertain  orator  (z ),  who  expatiating  on  the  great  honour  and  benefits  done to  Britain,  by  him  and  his  father,  has  this  remarkable  expreffion. Libera-ait  ille  Britannias  fervitute,  lu  enim  nobi/es  illic  oriendo  fecifli.  This  obvious  pafiage has  been  objefted  againft  by  fome  eminent  criticks ;  but  the  learned  Italian  Patarol ,  who has  publilhed  the  laft  and  bell  edition  of  thefe  orations,  with  an  Italian  verfion,  has  given us  a  note  upon  it,  by  which  it  appears,  that  the  great  cardinal  and  this  author  were  of  the lame  opinionfnj.  In  the  oration  made  to  Conflantine  alone,  by  Eumenius ,  he  fpeaks  thus, O  [ortunata  ct  nunc  omnibus  beatior  terris  Britannia,  quae  Constantinvm  Caesa- rem  prirna  lidijli!  merito  te  omnibus  coeli  et  foli  bonis  natura  donavit ;  in  qua  nee  rigor  eft  ni- mivs  hiemis,  m  ardor  aeftatis,  in  qua  fegetum  tanta  foeeunditas ,  ut  muneribus  utriufque  fujficiat, el  Cereris  el  Liberi,  in  quanemora  fine  immanibtts  bejliis,  terra  fine  ferpentibus  noxiii-,  contra  peco- rttm  milium  inmmerabilis  multitudo  latte  diftenta,  el  onufta  velleribus,  eerie  quod  propter  vitam diligitur,  longifiimae  dies,  et  nullae  fine  aliqtta  luce  metes,  dum  ilia  littorum  extrema  planities  non attollit  umbras,  mclfque  metam ,  coeli  et  ftderum  Iratfil  afpettus  ;  ut  fol  ipfe  qtti  nobis  videlttr  occi- dcre  ibi  apparent  praeterire.  Di  boni  1  quid  hoc  eft,  quod  femper  ex  aliquo  fupremo  fine mundi  nova  deum  numina  univerfo  orbi  colenda  defeendunt?  Sic  Mercvrivs  a  Nilo  ye cujtts  fittminis  crigo  nefeitur  ;  file  Liber  ab  In dis  prope  confeiis  folis  orientis  deos  fit  gentibus oflendcre praefentes.  Sccreliora  Junt  profetlo  mediterraneis  loca  vidua  coelo,  et  inde  propriusadiis mittitur  imperator  tlbi  terra  finitur. In  this  defeription,  though  the  whole  ifland  is  named,  yet  the  particular  vale  of  York feems  to  be  in  the  orator’s  eye,  in  deferibing  the  fertility,  riches,  and  pleafantnefs  of  the country.  It  muft  be  allowed  me,  that  he  fpeaks  of  the  more  northern  parts  of  the  ifiand  -, and  in  this  high  flown  complement,  ftretched  too  far  indeed,  the  panegyrift  can  allude  to nothing  left  than  the  country  where  Conflantine  was  born.  The  objedors  againft  this  paf- jjge  alledge,  that  it  does  not  mean  that  the  emperor  was  born  in  Britain,  but  that  Britain (i )  Smith's  notes  on  Bide. ( t )  Chron.  Abraham ’■  Buchelt. (*)  Baron u  cardinal. annal.  torn  3.  adan.  3o6,Se£L *  Us  h  e  r  de  primord.  ecclef.  Britan. c.  8.  et  epift.  illic  ad GuL  Canid. Joh.Selc.en  ad  Juftum  Lipjsum ,  (s c . fx )  Sec  Milton' 0  preface  to  his  introdufiion  to  Eng.  hiftory. (y)  Inter  omnes  inquam  partieipes  majeftatu  tune  hoc !  ties,  Conftantine,  praecipuum,  quod  imperator  is,  tanta- cMi.ie  eft  nobilitas  originis  tuae,  ut  nihil  tibi  addiderat Inner  it  imperium  ;  tree  poffit  fortuna  numini  tuo  imputare quod  tmm  eft  \  oriijfo  ainbitu  et  fuffragatione.  Panegyr. vet.  ix.  A  fine  argument  for  thehereditary  right  of  princes- (z)  Incerti panegyr.  Maxim,  iff  Conllantino,  n.  v. (a)  Oriendo.  Infi’tat aeriter Livineius Hits qui Couftanti- nu  m  ///Brit .  naturn  d-.cunt  Ejujdem  optriionis fuijle  Lipfium videre  eft  in  ipftus  opere  de  magnituj.  Romana,  lib.  4  c.  ii. it  fufius  in  notis  ad  eunders  locum.  Uni  autemfere  mtun- tur  tili  Julii  Fermici  teftimwtio,  ipfum  apud  Tarfum  geni- tum  aftirmantii.  Ain  non  //pa./ Tarfum  ltd  apud  Nailum Daciae  oppidum ;  inter  quos  vide  Ruperti  obfervat  in  Re¬ fold.  Q uicquidftt ,  tamer,  eommuniffitna  fenptorum  opini- iendui  1 adbaeriatur.  Laurent  Patarol.  Notae  in  panegyr  ora- t tones  vetcrum:  ed.  2. faw Chap.IL  of  the  CITY  of  Y-CTHK.  4? faw  him  firft  Caefar.  But  this  is  cafily  confuted  ;  for  though  Conflantine  was  certainly  de¬ clared  emperor  by  the  army  at  York,  immediately  upon  his  lather’s  death,  as  the  former quotations  Ihew,  yet  it  was  when  he  got  into  Gaul ,  that  the  lenate  and  people  of  Rome confirmed  the  election,  and  gave  him  the  title  of  Caefar. The  laft  pallage,  which  I  fhall  quote  from  thefe  authorities,  comes  yet  clofer  to  the matter. (b)  Sacrvm  istvd  palativm  ,  non  candidatus  imperii ,  fed  defignatus  inlrafti ; conieftimque  te  illi  paterni  lares  luccefforem  videre  legitimum.  Neqne  enim  erat  dubium  quin ei  compeleret  haereditas ,  quern  primum  imperatori  filiiim  fata  tribuiffent.  Ye  enim  tantum  die, imperator  in  terns ,  £s?  in  coelo  deus ,  in  primo  aetatis  fuae  fore  generavit ,  toto  adhuc  corpore vigens ,  ilia  praeditus  alacritate  &  fortitudine,  quam  bella plurima,  praecipue  campi  Vindonis idonei  tejles  declararunt .  Inde  eft  quod  tanta  ex  illo  in  te  fortnae  fimilitudo  tranfivit ,  ut  fignata natura  vultibus  tuis  impreffa  videatur. It  cannot  be  denied  that  the  palace  here  fpoken  of  muft  have  been  at  EBORACV  M ; that  facred  palace ,  made  fo  illuftrious  and  ever  memorable,  for  the  refidence  and  deaths  ot  two Roman  emperors;  and  in  all  probability,  for  the  birth  and  inauguration  of  a  third.  I  may be  thought  perhaps  too  partial  in  applying  the  firft  part  of  this  paragraph  to  my  fubjeft,  but in  my  fence  the  Orator  feems  tofpeak  thus  to  Conflantine  in  it,  viz.  Yhou  didfl  enter  that  facred palace,  where  thy  father  lay  expiring ,  and  where  thou  drewft  thy  firft  breath,  not  as  a  can¬ didate,  but  born  to  the  empire.  And  no  fooner  did  thofe  paternal  houfhculd  gods  behold  thee, but  they  inf  ant ly  acknowledged  thee  thy  father’s  lawful  fuceejjbr.  For  what  doubt  eou’d  there  be who  Jhould  fucceed  to  the  empire,  but  he  whom  they  knew  was  the  emperor’s  eldefl  fon.  Yhou, whom  thy  father,  once  lord  of  the  earth,  and  now  a  god  in  heaven,  befot  in  the  flower  of  bis age  (c)\  his  body  yet  nervous  and  flrong-,  endued  with  that  alacrity  and  fortitude,  which  many wars  efpecially  that  of  the  Vindonian  camp  gave  fuffleient  proof  of.  Whence  it.  was  that  the likenefs  of  thy  father’s  perfon  fo  paffed  into  thee ,  that  his  natural  imprefs  is  clearly  Jeeti  in  thy  coun¬ tenance. To  me  this  paflage,  I  fay,  feems  to  make  it  moft  evident  that  the  palace,  here  fpoken of,  was  Conflantine’ s  birth  place  ;  the  orator  could  not  have  introduced  it  with  any  other  de- fign.  The  term  iflud  palatium,  that  very  or  yonder  palace,  points  plainly  at  if,  and  feems as  if  the  oration  had  been  made  to  the  emperor,  at  the  head  of  his  army,  in  fome  field within  view  of  the  city  and  palace.  Nor  could  the  houfhold  gods,  or  Lares,  be  luppoled to  know  him  for  the  eldeft  fon  unlefs  he  had  been  born  amongft  them.  Thofe  petty  dei¬ ties  of  the  Romans  had  no  more  knowledge  aferibed  to  them,  than  belonged  to  the  family they  prefided  in  (d).  In  fhort  the  reafon,  as  I  take  it,  that  the  orator  was  not  clearer  in  this particular,  might  be  the  repudiation  of  Conflantine’ s  mother,  which  his  father,  tor  reafons of  Rate,  had  been  forced  to  fubrnit  to.  The  emperor  having  feveral  fons  by  his  latter wife,  the  orator  took  care  to  lay  a  great  ftrefs  on  the  legitimacy  ot  Conflantine,  throughout the  whole  paragraph  but  feems  purpofely  to  avoid  mentioning  his  mother,  as  a  point  too tender  to  touch  on. But  that  his  birth  was  at  York ,  diredtly,  and  notelfewhere,  fays  Mr  .Burton,  (e)  though we  have  no  exprefs  proof  of  it,  amongft  the  ancients,  that  he  knew  of ;  yet  the  authority feems  to  be  drawn  from  them,  which  the  embafiadors  ot  England  made  ufe  of  in  the  hear¬ ing  of  the  learned  world  •,  both  at  the  council  of  Conftancc,  as  alfo  at  Baftl.  At  the  for¬ mer  (/),  there  being  a  conteft  about  precedency  between  the  French  and  Englifh  embafia¬ dors,  the  Englifh  had  thefe  words,  domus  regalis  Angliae  fan  It  am  Helenam,  cum  fuo  filio Conftantino  rnagno  imperalore,  nalo  in  urbe  regia  Eboracensi,  educere  comperta  eft.  It  is well  known  that  the  royal  houfe  of  England  produced  S.  Helen,  with  her  fon,  the  emperor , Constantine  thegreat;  bom  in  the  imperial  city  Eboracvm.  The  Englifh  again,  at Bafil  (g)  oppofing  the  precedency  of  Caftile,  fpeak  thus.  Const  ant  in  vm  ilium  magnum , qui  primus  imperator  chriftianus  licentiam  dedit  per  nniverfum  orbem  ecclefias  conftituere  ;  im- menfa  ad  hoc  conferent  bona-,  Peternae  naturn  in  Eboracensi  civitate.  Constantine the  great,  the  firfl  chriftian  emperor,  who  gave  leave  to  build  churches  through  the  univerfe ,  to the  immenfe  belief  t  of  it  was  born  at  Peterne  in  the  city  of  York.  Peterne  is  corrupted from  Bedbem,  now  a  college  of  vicars  choral  belonging  to  the  cathedral;  but  what  tradi¬ tion  does  afiiire  us  was  anciently  part  of  the  imperial  palace  at  York  (h). Thefe  are  all  the  quotations,  ancient  and  modern,  that  I  have  yet  met  with  to  fecurc to  us  the  honour  of  the  birth  of  this  moft  illuftrious  emperor.  I  fhall  not  perplex  my  felf more  about  it,  but  leave  the  matter  to  better  judgments  to  determine.  I  fhall  conclude however,  v  ;th  this  afiertion,  that  if  the  birth  of  Conflantine  cannot  be  clearly  made  out, York  h  i'  more  to  fay  for  it  than  any  other  city  in  the  world. Tft :  Be  dons  remained  in  quiet  during  the  long  reign  of  Conflantine,  according  to  the  Latin (b)  Eumenii  panegyr.  N°.  IX. ( :)  When  he  was  about  twenty  four  years  old,  fays Patjrol. ( d)  In  the  palace  of  the  emperor  Domitian  there  was only  one  boy  a  Signed  to  take  care  of  the  Lares  in  his chamber.  Suetonius. (e)  Burton's  Anton,  itinerary. (f)  HH- (g)  J  *>.  .431. (b)  See  Bedhern  in  the  account  of  the  city. hiftorians. 48  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. A.  C.  hiftorians,  but  the  Scotch  chroniclers  (i)  remark  that  in  his  twentieth  year,  that  is  A.  C. CCCXXV.  CCCXXV.  Ottavius  king  of  the  Britons  rebelled  ;  but  was  foon  vanquilhed  by  Traherus , the  Roman  lieutenant,  and  forced  to  fly  to  Fincomark,  king  of  Scotland ,  for  aid.  The  Ro¬ man  general  demanded  the  rebel,  as  he  called  him,  of  the  Scotch  king  and  he  refilling,  a war  enfued,  wherein  the  Romans  are  faid  to  be  worfted;  their  general  flying  to  Torf,  durfi not  (land  a  fiege,  but  abandoned  the  city  to  the  enemy  ;  who  caufed  Ottavius  to  be  crow¬ ned  there  king  of  all  Britain ;  the  city  and  country,  as  die  faidteftimony  aflerts,  expreflin<r great  joy  on  the  occaflon.  But  after  this  we  are  told  that  Ottavius  feeking  to  difpofeis the  Scots  and  Pitts  from  that  part  of  the  country,  allotted  to  them  by  Caraujius ,  as  is  be¬ fore  mentioned,  called  a  council  at  Tork ,  in  order  to  find  out  a  method  for  it;  but  the Scotch  king  hearing  of  this  came  fuddenly  upon  Ottavius  and  forced  him  to  fly  into  Nor¬ way  ^  &c. Conjlantine  the  great,  for  the  better  government  of  his  vaft  and  extenfive  dominions,  di¬ vided  the  whole  into  four  praefettures ,  viz.  Italy ,  Gaul ,  the  Eajl  and  Illyria ;  which  con¬ tained  under  them  fourteen  large  diocefles  or  provinces.  Britain ,  of  the  fourteen,  was  fub- jefl  to  the  praefe£t  of  Gaul ;  and  this  province  was  again  fubdivided  by  die  emperor,  into three  parts,  or  principalities,  viz.  Britannia  prima,  or  the  country  fouth  of  the ! Thames ,  the  capital  ftation  probably  London  Btitannia  Secvnda,  was  Wales,  the  ca¬ pital  perhaps Ifca,  or  Caer-leon-,  and  Maxima,  orFLAviA  Caesariensis,  the  capital city  mod  certainly  Tork  ( k ). It  is  eafy  to  fee  by  this  divifion,  that  the  greateft  part  of  the  ifland  had  Tork  for  its  me¬ tropolis.  But  I  can  go  further,  and  make  it  probable  that  the  fupream  command  of  all  the province  of  Britain  proceeded  from  hence  (l).  For  though  the  Roman  garrifons  on  the  fea coafts  had  their  commanders  called  comites  litoris  Saxonici ;  yet  thofe,  with  all  the  inland  guards and  garrifons,  were  fubje&tothe  Dvx  Brit  anniarvm  ;  the  emperors  immediate  repre- fentative.  That  the  principal  refidence  of  this  fupream  military  officer  was  always  at  Tork, in  the  praetorian  palace  there,  will  appear  in  the  fequel.  The  title  of  Maxim  a,  or  Fla- vi  a ,  Caesariensis,  given  to  this  particular  diftrnft  of  Britain ,  in  all  probability  alludes to  the  capitals  being  the  emperor’s  birth-place,  to  his  accefiion  there,  or,  parhaps,  to  both. Flavivs  or  Flavia,  was  his  father’s,  mother’s,  and  his  own praenomen ;  and,  confe- quently  whatever  country  the  emperor  thought  fit  to  bellow  it  on,  mull  have  a  particular allufion,  along  with  Caesariensis,  to  himfelf  and  family. More  of  the  a6ts  of  this  great  emperor  are  foreign  to  my  purpofe ;  he  not  only  deferted Tork ,  and  Britain ,  but  even  Europe ;  removing  the  feat  of  the  empire  from  Rome  to  Byzan - A.  C.  tium,  or  Conftantinople.  To  the  fupport  of  which  he  had  drawn  great  numbers  of  Brilijh  fol- CCCXXXVIIdiers  over  with  him.  Conjlantine  the  great,  died  A.C.  CCCXXXVII;  but  from  there- moving  of  the  imperial  feat  from  Rome ,  we  may  date  the  declenfion  of  the  Roman  power in  Britain ,  and  the  fubverfion  of  our  Eboracvm.  From  the  death  of  Conjlantine  thei^o- mans  held  their  fway  in  Britain  for  about  a  century.  The  Latin  writers  of  that  age  are very  fparing  in  their  accounts  of  the  affairs  of  this  ifland.  Two  or  three  commotions  at the  moll,  are  recorded,  but  they  are  not  to  my  purpofe.  Yet  that  the  fixth  legion  conti¬ nued  in  their  old  quarters  at  Tork ,  to  their  final  defertion  of  the  ifland,  appears  from  the Notitia  imperii,  or  general  furvey  of  the  empire;  which  our  belt  hiftorians  agree  was taken  but  a  fmall  time  before  that  period. A  fhort  fpace,  alfo,  before  the  date  of  the  Notitia,  it  feems  there  were  only  a  Dvx A.C.  Britanniarvm,  and  a  Comes  trattus  inaritimi ,  which  is  the  fame  as  the  Comes  liltoris CCC  LXXV- Saxonici  aforementioned,  as  commanders  in  Britain.  For,  under  Valentian,  Nettardus  was count  of  the  maritime  marches,  as  they  then  called  him ;  and  Biicbobaudes  firft,  and  then ’Theodoftus  were  dukes  of  Britain  ( m ).  This  duke,  or  general,  had  under  his  command  in the  province,  according  to  the  account  made  out  by  the  Notitia,  fourteen  thoufand  foot, and  nine  hundred  horfe;  which,  when  reckoned  with  thofe  of  the  other  commanders, made  in  all  nineteen  thoufand  two  hundred  foot,  and  one  thoufand  feven  hundred  horfe. Thefe  were  the  whole  number  of  forces  the  Romans  kept  in  the  ifland,  for  guards  and  gar¬ rifons,  in  the  time  of  profoundeft  peace  ;  as  well  to  awe  the  Britons,  ever  prone  to  revolt,  as to  defend  this  much  efteemed  province  of  theirs  from  any  foreign  invafion.  It  is  pretty remarkable,  that  our  prefent  governours  and  legiflators  have  copied  this  part  of  Roman  po¬ licy,  by  keeping  up,  at  this  day,  near  the  fame  number  of  forces,  called  a  Jlanding  army ; in  order  to  protect  our  liberties  and  properties ;  fecure  us  from  home-bred  divifions,  and  foreign invafion s.  But  to  the  purpofe. I  have  fhewn  our  city  at  the  fummit  of  its  glory  and  magnificence  ;  but  we  muft  now  des¬ cend  apace ;  and,  from  being  the  refidence  of  the  lords  of  the  univerfe ,  from  that  glorious profpeft,  fink  at  once  to  the  mod  profound  abifs  of  human  mifery.  It  is  fome  happinefs that  I  have  none  but  a  general  account  to  give  of  this  great  revolution  and  dreadful  cala- (i)  Jib.  Far  dun.  Heft.  Boetius.  Hollingjbeed's  Scotch chronicle. (h)  See  Sclden's  titles  of  honour. ( !)  Merita  Can  ten  dun  t  viri  do  Hi  banc  [ civitatem ]  bu- i  ujee  inhibit  fuffi  rr.ctropotim ;  cujus  rei  argumentum inde  capio,  quod  tempore  Conftantini  magnividcam.tranum ilium  in  quo  fedet  EBVRACVM  did  Britanniarn  primam. Itin.  Gale.  20. ( m)  Ammian.  Mar  fill See  alfo  Scldcds  titles  of  honour. mity 49 Chap. II.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. mity  that  befall  the  Britons  after  being  deferted  by  the  Romans .  Their  hiflorians  are  now for  ever  dumb,  and  the  little  that  can  be  collected  of  thefe  bloody  times,  is  chiefly  from old  Gildas ,  a  Britifh  writer ;  who  feems  to  tremble  in  the  bare  description  of  the  miferies of  his  country. But  to  take  leave  of  our  Roman  lords  and  matters,  with  that  decency  they  deferve,  it will  not  be  improper  to  let  the  unlearned  reader  underftand,  what  number  of  officers  and private  men  a  Roman  legion  confifted  of.  Next  to  fhew  the  precedence  of  the  fixth-,  which will  beft  be  underftood  by  an  abftra<5t  of  the  guards  and  garrifons,  from  the  Not  it  i  a, under  the  command  of  the  vir  fpettabilis ,  as  he  is  there  ftyled,  Dvx  Britanniarvm. And  laftly  to  give  an  account  what  Roman  marks  of  antiquity,  devouring  time,  with  the affiftance  of  fire  and  fword,  ignorance  and  fuperftition,  has  not  yet  been  able  to  eraze from  amongft  us. “  (i)  The  Roman  legions  were  generally  divided  into  footmen  and  horfemen  -,  thenum- <c  ber  not  certain,  but  changed  according  to  the  difference  of  times  and  alterations  of  ftates. “  A  legion  under  the  firft  emperors  confitted  of  about  fix  thoufand  foot  and  fix  hundred “  horfe.  The  firft  officer  of  the  legion  was  called  legatus  legionis  ;  who  had  charge  both  of “  horfe  and  foot  under  the  lieutenant  general  of  the  army,  or  governor  of  the  province, “  for  the  emperors.  •  Whii^h  lieutenant,  or  governour,  is  commonly  called,  in  Roman  hif- “  tory,  propraetor ,  as  the  governor  of  the  fenate  and  people  was  called  praeconful. tc  The  inferior  officers  of  the  army  were  the  centurions,  enfign- bearers,  &c. “  The  footmen  of  the  legion  were  equally  divided  into  ten  cohorts  or  companies  j  where - “  of  each  one  had  a  fuperintendant  officer. “  The  fix  hundred  horfe  in  the  legion  were  divided  into  ten  troops  called  Tttrmae ;  e- “  very  troop  containing  three  decuries,  or  thirty  horfe,  over  whom  were  placed  officers <c  called  decitrions-,  each  having  a  charge  often  horfe.  The  chief  officer  of  the  troops  was “  called  praefeEhis  tnrmae. “  The  additions  of  the  numbers,  i.  n.  vr.  l£c.  were  given  to  the  legionsat  their  firft  rai- “  fing-,  and  the  ftyle  VICTRIX  was  bellowed  on  thofe  who  diftinguifhed  themfelves “  by  lome  more  than  ordinary  action  in  war,  which  firname  was  ever  afterwards  appro- “  priated  to  them,  as  to  the  fixth  legion  at  Tork.  ” By  this  account,  and  what  is  fubfequent,  it  appears  that  a  whole  legion  to  the  number of  fix  or  feven  thoufand,  horfe  and  foot,  were  conftantly  quartered,  or  more  properly  fta- tion’d,  at  Tork  all  the  time  the  Romans  were  matters  of  Britain.  The  feveral  extraordinary proofs  for  the  refidence  of  the  fixth  legion  at  Tork  are  indifputable  •,  and  the  laft  age  has been  fo  fortunate,  as  to  find  as  convincing  an  argument  that  it  was  alfo  the  ftation  for  the ninth.  It  will  not  here  be  amifs  to  give  a  fhort  account  of  both. Th c  legions,  cohorts ,  and  Numbers  of  the  Roman  army  in  Britain,  had  their  fixed  ftations ;  LEGIO to  which  after  every  accidental  expedition,  they  always  returned.  Here  their  families  re-  VI. mained  in  their  abfence.  Here  they  e refled  their  altars,  temples,  &c.  which  were  alfo^ICTRIX* repaired  by  the  fame  legions ,  &c.  fucceffively  •,  for  they  were  as  the  fame  body,  or  lbciety, and  had  one  common  fepulture.  There  is  not  a  legion  mentioned  in  any  of  the  writers  of the  Auguftan  ftory  more  remarkable  than  the  fixth.  Its  ftation  at  Tork  being  eafily  traced for  the  fpace  of  three  hundred  years,  and  upwards-,  which  was  almoft  the  whole  time  that they  were  mailers  of  this  province.  It  was  firft  brought  out  of  Germany  into  Britain  by  the  C'qxx  ' emperor  Hadrian  -,  and  fays  Camden ,  after  it  had  ferved  him  in  his  more  northern  expediti¬ on,  was  left  as  a  garrifon  in  Tork  ( k ).  Here  we  find  it  exprefly  ftationed  in  Ptolemy's  ge¬ ographical  tables  of  the  empire  ;  who  mentions  none  but  the  fixth  legion  at  Tork ,  and  the twentieth  at  Cbejlcr ,  to  be  in  the  province  at  that  time.  In  Antonine' s  itinerary ,  we  meet with  it  again,  and  it  occurs  with  Tork  in  all  the  northern  journeys,  in  Reman  authors  frequent accounts  of  this  legion  are  inferted  •,  and  though  the  particular  name  of  their  ftation  is not  affigned,  yet  ’tis  fufficiently  hinted  at  -,  as  in  this  paflage  off/)  Dio,  where  he  tells  us  that there  were  two  fixt  legions  in  the  empire,  the  one  placed  in  lower  Britain ,  called  the  con¬ quering  legion -,  the  other  in  Judea ,  ftyled  the  iron  one ,  or  Ferraterfis.  This  province,  ’tis fuppofed,  was  divided  by  Severus  into  higher  and  lozver  Britain  ;  and  that  Tork  was  the  chief ftation  in  the  latter  is  not  to  be  doubted.  Nor  were  the  Roman  poets  wholly  filent,  in  af- figning  due  praifes,  and  pointing  us  to  the  refidence  of  this  legion.  Claudian ,  in  giving an  account  of  the  legions  that  were  fent  to  ferve  Stilicho  againft  Alarick  king  of  the  Goths , which  happened  two  hundred  years  after  Dio's  time,  has  thefe  lines, Venit  &  extremis  Legio  praetenta  Britannis, Quae  Scoto  dat  fraena  truci ,  ferroque  notatas  Scolo  Hyberno , Perlegit  examines  Picfto  moriente  figuras  ( m).  Sccto-Britanno ,  Dr.  Gale. Then  from  the  borders  of  the  Britifh  lands Came  the  bold  legion,  which  the  Scot  commands  ; "Wh*  admire  the  figur’d  Pifts,  when  dying  by  their  hands. (i)  Sir  H.  Spelman's  notC3  on  Tacitus. fh)  Brit,  ice  Turk.  We  arc  indebted  to  an  infeription for  the  account  of  this  legion’s  patting  out  of  Gennar. :j  into Britain.  Dr.  Gate  has  given  it  us  in  his  it  in.  Ant.  p.  47. (l)  Dion.  Caff  hilt.  Bom.  1.  55. (m)  Claudian  Jr  hello  Ge.ico. o  If 4 5° l.EGIO NONA. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  EookI If  I  could  take  time,  in  the  courfe  of  fo  long  a  ftory,  to  be  very  particular  in  the  de- fcription  of  every  thing  in  my  way,  thefublime  hiftory  of  our  fixth  legion  would  run  through many  pages.  And  though  it  mult  be  allowed  that  the  account  of  this  legion,  whilft  in Britain ,  is  chiefly  owing  to  an  inlcription  found  amongft  us  ;  yet  they  are  a  noble  and undoubted  authority  ( n ).  Mr.  Horfey  obferves  that  he  does  not  find  the  name  of  this  le¬ gion  mentioned  in  any  inlcription  in  the  fouthern  parts  of  the  ifland.  It  is  to  this  laft named  author  that  1  mult  refer  the  reader  for  further  fatisfaClion  on  this  head  ;  I  fhall  on¬ ly  add  that  for  the  tried  courage  and  conftancy  of  our  legion  they  had  not  only  the  firname of  vitfrix ,  but  pin,  f delis,  given  them.  Sevens  himfelf,  in  an  oration  made  to  his  army, bellowed  great  encomiums  on  their  knowledge  and  fervice  in  the  affairs  of  the  ifland  ;  and for  their  fidelity,  he  faid  he  believed,  if  there  was  occafion,  that  they  would  venture  naked through  the  fire  for  his  fake  (o).  That  this  legion  continued  in  their  old  quarters  till  the  de- clenfion  of  the  empire,  appears  from  the  Notitia  Imperii  taken  about  that  time-,  and  we  have realon  to  think  that  they  were  the  lall  of  the  Roman  forces  that  were  withdrawn  from  Bri¬ tain.  So  that  from  their  fettlement,  by  Hadrian ,  to  this  laft  named  period,  will  take  in the  fpace  of  about  three  hundred  and  twenty,  or  thirty,  years. The  ninth  legion  came  over  into  Britain  under  the  emperor  Claudius  the  foot  of  it  had the  misfortune  to  be  cut  in  pieces  by  the  forces  of  the  queen  Bopdfew.  It  was  afterwards  re¬ cruited  from  Germany ,  lays  Tacitus  (p)-,  but  it  fuffered  again  in  a  fierce  attack  of  the  Cale¬ donians  when  Julius  Agricola  was  prepraetor  and  legate  here.  After  this  no  manner  of  ac¬ count  can  be  met  with  of  it  in  any  hiftorian  and  it  was  quite  dead  to  the  learned  world till  two  inlcriptions  found  in  our  city  revived  it.  The  account  when  and  where  thefe  two remarkable  monuments  of  antiquity  were  met  with,  will  fall  bell  in  the  fequel. It  is  the  opinion  of  Mr.  Horfey ,  and  his  notion  feems  to  be  right,  that  this  legion  was  in¬ corporated  into  the  fixth.  He  gives  a  quotation  from  Dio  to  prove  that  the  Romans  fome- times  broke  their  legions  and  incorporated  one  into  another.  But  in  the  lift  that  confular hiftorian  gives  of  the  names  of  the  legions  which  were  in  the  empire  in  his  days,  the ninth  is  not  fo  much  as  mentioned.  Which  makes  it  probable  that  it  had  been  broke, perhaps  by  Sevens ,  and  the  loldiers  that  compofed  it  thrown  into  the  fixth ;  from  whence their  llyle  viftrix  might  be  borrowed  by  the  other-,  for  it  does  not  appear  that  they  ever had  that  honourable  appellation  before.  In  the  infeription  of  the  fgnifer ,  or  enfign-bearer to  this  legion,  it  isftyled  plain  LEGIO  VIIII,  legio  nona-,  but  this  officer  might  die  before his  regiment  was  broke.  The  brick  however  gives  us  the  adjunct  VIC  -,  but  I  leave  a  fur¬ ther  explanation  of  them  to  the  draughts,  and  what  follows  on  that  head. The  Notitia  has  been  publiffied  in  England ,  firft  by  Mr.  Selden ,  then  by  Dr.  Gale , and  laftly  by  Mr.  Horfey  (q).  They  have  all  endeavoured  from  Mr.  Camden ,  later  anti¬ quaries,  and  their  own  conjectures,  to  affix  the  prefent  Englijh  names  of  towns  to  the ancient  Roman  ftations.  In  what  I  fhall  chufe  to  tranferibe  lrom  this  admired  record,  I fhall  follow  Mr.  Horfey' s  verfion  ;  that  author  as  he  flood  on  others  ffioulders,  and  ha¬ ving  taken  more  than  ordinary  pains  to  afeertain  the  ftations,  ad  lineam  valli ,  and  the  north of  England ,  where  he  lived,  is  more  to  my  purpofe.  But  I  fhall  leave  it  to  the  reader  to confalt  the  book  it  felf  for  the  arguments  he  ufeson  that  occafion. The  Notitia,  in  L’abbe’s  edition,  begins  firft  with  the  Vicarivs  Brit anniarvm, next  the  Comes  littoris  Saxonici,  then  the  Comes  Britanniae,  and  laftly  the Dvx  Britanniarvm.  It  is  plain  by  the  lift  of  the  officers  and  diftriCls  put  under the  vicar  general  of  Britain,  that  the  whole  province  was  fubjeCl  to  this  civil  magiftrate  in all  legiflative  affairs.  Dr.  Stillingfeel  has  placed  this  dignatary  in  his  tribunal  at  London ; for  no  reafon  that  I  know  of-,  that  ftation  being  not  fo  much  as  mentioned  in  the  Noti¬ tia  -,  or  even  hinted  at  in  all  the  account.  For  this  caufe  I  have  given  the  vicar-generals court  and  officers  as  actually  refident  with  us  at  York.  For  where  ffiould  a  fucceffor  of  the great  Papinian  fit  to  execute  judgment,  but  in  the  fame  Praetorivm,  and  on  the  fame tribunal,  that  he  did?  Btfides,  ’tis  further  obfervable,  that  the  confular  governors  of  the diftriCt  called  Maxima  Caefarienfis ,  by  Confantine  the  great,  begin  the  account  -,  and  this precedency  evidently  fliews  it  to  have  been  the  principal  part,  as  well  as  its  capital  the principal  city,  in  the  province. But  what  does  more  immediately  concern  my  fubjeCt,  and  will  admit  of  no  difpute,  is the  rc-fidence  of  the  Dvx,  general,  or  military  commander,  in  Britain.  That  the  reader  may fee  what  preheminence  and  dignity  our  city  bore  in  this  Notitia  imperii,  I  have thought  fit  to  draw  out  the  account  of  the  guards  and  garrifons  that  were  ftationed  in  the north  under  the  command,  as  the  title  direCls,  of  this  great  general.  The  firft  garrifon put  down,  was  that  of  a  whole  legion  and  though  no  place  be  mentioned  for  its  ftation, yet  it  moft  evidently  appears  from  Ptolemy ,  the  Itinerary ,  and  many  other  proofs,  that Eboracvm  was  always  the  ftated  quarters  of  this  legion.  The  blank  left  here  then  is  a Angular  honour  done  to  the  capital,  and  the  refidence  of  the  great  officers  in  it.  For  th<;re ( n)  Britannia  Romana.  See  WeJImor/and  (p)  Annal  lib.  xiv. N°  vi,  and  viii.  isle.  (tj)  Seldrn'%  titles  of  honour  Int/r  xv.  fcriptorei,  edit. (o)  In  oral  tout  ad  Ugaios  is?  pracfeclos  in  Britannia;  Gaie.  ilerfley’s  Britannia  Romana. apua  Dion.  hijl.  Rom.  1.  3S. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. Chap.  II. was  no  need  to  namea  place  fo  notorioufly  known  to  be  the  head  of  the  province.  Mr  Herder, -ias  taken  notice  that  the  forces,  laid  to  be  quartered  at  the  following  Rations,  were  all  cJ tainly  auxiliaries  to  the  fixth  legion.  And,  by  infpeffing  his  map  of  the  illand  it  will appear  that  they  lie  round  about  York;  which,  adds^  he,  was  a  very  proper  toation  if  no on  any  occalion  it  fhould  have  been  neceffary  to  call  them  together.  F  P  “tUatl0n  UP~ Now  follows  part  of  a  copy  of  this  grand  record. Ex  NOTITIA  dlgnitatum  imperil  ROMANI  circa  tern  Dora ARCADII  SfHONORII.  "  C'ccccC' Sub  difpojitione  -uiri  fpeUabilis  VICARII  BRITANNIARVM Confulares , MAX1MAE  CAESARIENSIS, VALENTIAE. Praeftdes, BRITANNIAE  PRIMAE, BRITANNIAE  SECVNDAE, FLAVIAE  CAESARIENSIS. OJidmn  autem  habet  idem  vir fpedtabilis  VICARIVS  hoc  modo .  PRINCIPEM de  J'chola  Agentium  in  rebus  ex  Ducenariis, Corriicularium. Numerarios  duos. Commentarienfem. Ab  Adlis. Curam  Epiflolarum. Adjutorem. Subadjuvas. Exceptores. Singular es  &  reliquos  officiates. From  the  NOTITIA  or  general  account  of  the  Roman  empire  taken about  the  time  of  the  emperors  Arcadius  and  Honorlus. Under  the  government  of  the  honourable  the  vicar  general  of  Britain  rn„r  r governors  of  thofe  parts  of  Britain  called  Maxima  Caefarienjis  &  Valencia. " Prefidial  governors  of  thofe  parts  called  Britannia  prima ,  Britannia  fecund,,  &  Flavia Caefanenfis. The  feme  honourable  Vicar  has  his  court  compofed  in  the  following  manner Ch°ftn  or  under  officer,. 3.  T  wo  chief  accountants  or  auditors, 4.  A  Mailer  of  the  prifons . 5.  A  publick  notary. 6.  Afecretary  for  difpatches. 7.  An  affijiant  or  furrogate. 8  Under  affifiants. 9.  Clerks  of  the  appeals. Serjeants  and  other  inferior  officers. Sub  difpofitione  "viri  fpeSlabilis  DVCIS  BRITANNIARVM. PRAEFECTVS  LEGIONIS.  SEXTAE. 2.  PraefeSlus  equitum  Dalmatarum  _ _ _ PraefeHius  equitum  Chrifpianorum Pr aefecl us  equitum  Catafratfloriorum  - Pr aefe£l us  numeri  Barcariorum  Tigritenfium rraejectus  numeri  Nerviorum  Diftenfium /  Praefetlus  numeri  Vigilum  _ , 8.  PraefeCtus  numeri  Exploratorum  _ _ 9.  Praefcttus  numeri  Direflorum  vetemm PRAESIDIO. DANO. MORBIO. ARBEIA. DICTI. CONCANGIOS. LAVATRES. alias  RT VENERIS. 10,  Prqe- \ * The  HISTORY  and 10.  PraefeRas  numeri  Defenforum.  * - - 11.  PraefeRus  numeri  Solenfium  - - 12.  PraefeRus  numeri , Pacenfium  * - 13.  PraefeRus  ;’«7«^i1Longovicariorvm 14.  PraefeRus  numeri  Derventionensis ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. -  BRABONIACO. - -  MAGLOVAE. - -  MAGIS. -  LONGOVICO. -  DERVENTIONE. Item  per  lineam  Valli. 1.  I ribunus  cohortis  quart ae  Lergorum 2.  T ribunus  cohortis  Cornoviorum  -  ■  -- 3.  P raefeRus  alae  primae  Afcorum  - - 4.  Tribunus  cohortis  primae  Frixagorum 5.  PraefeRus  alae  Savinianae  - • 6.  PraefeRus  alae  fecundae  Aftorum  - 7.  Tribunus  cohortis  primae  Batavorum  — 8.  Tribunus- cohortis  primae  Tungrorum 9.  Tribunus  cohortis  quartae  Gallorum I  o  Tribunus  cohortis  primae  Aftorum II  Tribunus  cohortis  fecundae  Dalmatarum 12.  Tribunus  cohortis  primae  AEliae  Dacorum 13*.  PraefeRus  alae  Petrianae  - - - 14.  PraefeRus  numeri  Maurorum  Aurelianorum 1- 5.  Tribunus  cohortis  fecundae  Lergorum 16.  Tribunus  cohortis  primae  Hifpanorum 17.  Tribunus  cohortis  fecundae  Thracum is',  Tribunus  cohortis  primae  AEliae  Claflicae 1 9*.  Tribunus  cohortis  primae  Morinorum 20.  Tribunus  cohortis  tertiae  Nerviorum 21.  Cuneus  Armaturarum  - 22.  PraefeRus  alae  primae  Herculane 23.  Tribunus  cohortis  fextae  Nerviorum SEGEDVNO. PONTE  AELII. CONDERCO. VINDOBALA. HVNNO. CILVRNO. PROCOL1TIA. BORCOVICO. VINDOLANA. AESICA. MAGNIS. AMBOGLANNA. PETRIANIA. AB  ALL  ABA. CONGAVATAE. AXELODVNO. GABROSENTI. TVNNOCELLO. GLANNIBANTA. ALIONE. BREMETENRACO. OLENACO. VIROSIDO. Under  the  government  of  the  honourable  the  Duke  of  Britain. 1 .  The  Prefect  of  the  fixth  Legion. 2.  The  Prefect  of  the  Dalmatian  horfe  Rationed  at  - - - 3.  The  Prefect  of  the  Chrifpian  horfe  at  - 4.  The  Prefect  of  a  body  of  Cuir  after  s  at  - - c.  The  Prefect  of  a  detatchment  of  the  Barcarii  Tigrifienfes  at  • 6.  The  Prefect  of  a  detachment  of  the  Nervii  called  DiRenfes  at 7.  The  Prefedt  of  a  detachment  of  foldiers  for  the  watch  at  — 8.  The  Prefect  of  a  detachment  of  Scouts  at  - 9.  The  Prefect  of  a  detachment  ltyled  DireRores  at  - 10.  The  Prefedt  of  a  detachment  called  Defenfores  at  — 11.  The  Prefedt  of  a  detachment  of  the  Solenfes  at  — 12.  The  Prefect  of  a  detachment  of  the  Pacenfes  at  - 13.  The  Prefect  ofadetachmentofLoNGOvicoRii  at  - 14.  The  Prefedt  of  a  detachment  ltyled  Derventionensis  at Broughton  Lincolnfhirel Doncafler. Templeburgh . —  Morejby. —  Amblefide . •  Kendal. Bowes. Burgh. Overburgh. Greta-bridge. Pierce- bridge. Langburg  near  Tadcafler. --  St ainfor d -burgh. Alfo  along  the  line  of  the  Wall. 1.  The  Tribune  of  the  fourth  cohort  of  the  Lergi  at  - - 2.  The  Tribune  of  a  cohort  of  the  Cornavii  at  - - 3.  The  Prefedt  of  the  firlt  wing  of  the  Afii  at  - 4.  The  Tribune  of  the  firlt  cohort  of  the prixagi  at  - 5.  The  Prefedt  of  the  wing  called  Saviniana  at  - 6.  The  Prefedt  of  the  fecond  wing  of  the  Ajli  at  - - 7.  The  Tribune  of  the  firlt  cohort  of  the  Batavi  at  — 8.  The  Tribune  of  the  firlt  cohort  of  the  Tungri  at  — 9.  The  Tribune  of  the  fourth  cohort  of  the  Gauls  at  — 10.  The  Tribune  of  the  firlt  cohort  of  the  Afii  at  —  - 11.  T  he  T ribune  of  the  fecond  cohort  of  the  Dalmatians  at  — 12.  The  Tribune  of  the  firlt  cohort  of  Dacians  called  Aelia  at  — 13.  The  Prefect  of  the  wing  called  Petriana  at  - - - 14.  The  Prefedt  of  a  detachment  of  Moors  ltyled  Aureliani  at  — 15.  The  Tribune  of  the  fecond  cohort  of  the  Lergi  at  — 16.  The  Tribune  of  the  firlt  cohort  of  Spaniards  at  - - - 17.  The  Tribune  of  the  fecond  cohort  ot  Thracians  at  — 18.  The  Tribune  of  the  firlt  marine  cohort  ltyled  Aelia  at  : — Coufm’s  hottfe  Nor  thumb' Newcafile. Benwel-hill. Rutchefier. Halt  on  Chefiers. Wahvick  Chefiers . Carraw-burgh. Houfe  ficads. Little  Chefiers. Great  Chefiers. Carvoran. Burdefwald. Cambeck-fori . Watch-Crofs . Stanwicks. Burgh. Drumburgh. Boidnefs. 19.  The Chap. II.  of  the  CITY  s/ YORK. 19.  The  Tribune  of  the  firft  cohort  of  the  Morini  at  — 20.  The  Tribune  of  the  third  cohort  of  the  Nervii  at  — 21.  A  body  of  men  in  armour  at  old  Penretb,  ox  Brampton 22.  The  Prefect  of  the  firft  wing  called  Herculea  at  — 23.  The  Tribune  of  the  fixth  cohort  of  the  Nervii  — Lanchefter, Whitley  Cajlle. Old  Carlijle. Or Elenburgh. n Ojficium  antem  hahet  idem  vir  fpeBabilis  Dux  hoc  modo, t .  Principem  ex  ojficiis  magijlrorum  militum  praefentalium  alternis  annis. 2.  Commentarienfem  utrumque 3.  Numerarios  ex  utrifque  ojficiis  omni  anno , 4.  Adjutorem. 5.  Subadjuvam. 6.  Regerendarium. 7.  Exceptores. 8.  Singular es  &  reliquos  familiar es. The  fame  honourable  Duke  has  his  court  made  up  of  the  following  officers. 1.  A  principal  officer  from  the  courts  of  the  generals  of  the  foldiers  in  ordinary  atten- dance  ;  changed  yearly.  1 2.  Majlers  of  the  prifons  i. rom  both. 3.  Auditors  yearly,  from  both  courts, 4.  An  Adjutant. 5.  A  Subadjutant . 6.  A  regifler. 7.  Clerks  of  appeals. S.  Serjeants  and  other  officers t fPP-rs  by  this  abftraeft  of  the  Notilia  that  the  Romans,  at  the  jaft  of  their  flay  in  the mind,  had  drawn  down  all  their  forces  from  the  weft,  and  fouth-weft,  to  defend  the  northern borders  againft  the  Pills  and  Scots.  This  great  armament  was  chiefly  ftationed  along  the line  ot  die  wall ;  of  which  there  were  no  lefs  than  twenty  three  cohorts,  (Sc.  placed  to  °uard it.  And  allowing  Sir  II.  Speltnah’s  calculation  of  the  number  of  a  legion  to  be  juft°that a  cohort  confifted  of  fix  hundred  foot  ;  that  number  multiplied  by  twenty  three  makes thirteen  thoufand  eight  hundred  ;  a  vaft  body  of  men  for  that  purpofe.  By  inYpeftiW Mr.  HorJIey  s  map,  and  his  draughts  of  this  prodigious  vallum,  it  will  appear  that  the  narrf Tons  on  it  were  placed  as  thick  as  they  could  well  ftand  ;  and  muft  have  been  fufficienr both  m  number  and  ftrength,  to  ftop  any  attempts  of  the  Barbarians  againft  them  ~  "  ’ The  reft  of  the  forces  in  the  abftraft,  confilling  of  a  whole  legion,  and  thirteen  ftveral detatchments,  of  horfe  and  foot,  were  ftationed  at  York,  and  other  places  circumjacent  to the  capital;  that  as  Mr.  HorJIey juftly  obferves,  they  might,  upon  any  emergency,  be  ea- ,  v  °raW11  together.  1  he  proper  ftations  of  thefe  troops  may  well  be  fuppofed  to  have lain  on  the  grand  military  ways,  our  eaftern  fea  coafts,  and  the  fords  of  the  greater  rivers in  the  north  of  England.  Their  high  roads  were  made  for  the  more  eafy  and  quicker march  of  tneir  own  forces;  but  were  blocked  up  in  order  to  impede  an  enemy.  Our  fn. co.dts,  on  the  German  ocean,  muft  alfo  have  had  their  guards  and  garrifons  fomewhere  di'f. poled  upon  them  ;  for  hire  it  was  as  necefiary  to  take  care  to  prevent  any  invafions  of  the .  axons  on  this  fhoar  as  the  more  foutherly  coafts  of  the  ifland.  The  fords  were  likewife c  lhgently  to  be  watched  ;  for  by  being  matters  of  thofe,  they  had  the  country  in  a  total .ubjefhon  ;  and  could  well  defend  it  againft  any  foreign  attempt,  or  inbred  commotion  To Jus  end  theft  politick  lords  built  no  ftone  bridges  in  Britain  ;  elfe,  no  doubt  but  feme  remains of  ftich  works  would  appear  with  us,  at  this  day,  as  well  as  in  other  parts  of  the  empire e  may  however,  prefume  that  they  had  occafional  wooden  bridges,  made  portable' 'ucn  as  our  modern  military  men  call  pontons ;  which  they  could  throw  over  anv  i-ve'rYn rhc.r  marc,  when  tolled  too  high  for  fording,  and  afterwards  take  away  with  them .-ome  account  cl  fuch  bridges  is  given  in  Dio ;  which  Seven, s  carried  with  him  from  re  ¬ in  lus  expedition  againft  the  Caledonians. Having ,  prcmifed  thus  much,  I  am  fatisfied  that  a  judicious  antiquary,  upon  an  exaft  fur- v  .v  wul  craw  m  fome lof  the  Notmal  ftations  to  a  nearer  dilknce  from  Tork,  than  they  have Ke„  hither  to  placed  Mr.  HorJIey  fuppofes  the  forces,  which  are  here  mentioned,  w-erc  all  auxi- ,  r  s  t!J  fix:h  L"S,on;  an^  confequently  we  may  infer  that  they  were  potted,  at  proper inftanee  C°  the  ^  ;  ofwhich  that  >*»»  w«  the  grand  garrifon.'  For Ah  our  antiquaiiei,  from  Mr  Camden,  have  fought  out  a  town  called  Longvs  Vr- ’  '  ftanon  of  a  detachment  of  Lcngcvieorii,  by  an  affinity  in  the  tranflation  of  the name. 4 4 the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. name.  For  which  reafon  Lancbejler  in  the  north,  and  the  city  of  Lancajler,  bidding the  faireft  for  the  interpretation,  they  have  each  had  their  turns  in  that  honour.  But, if  I  may  be  allowed  a  conjefture,  we  need  not  ramble  fo  far  to  feek  this  ftation  ;  and  it  will mod  evidently  turn  out  to  have  been  a  town  formerly  feated  on  the  river  IVbarfe ,  betwixt Tadcajler  and  Wetberby,  called  JUngtiursIj.  The  name  of  this  town,  though  long  fince deftroyed,  is  ftill  frefh  in  the  mouths  of  the  country  people ;  who  call  the  Roman  coins,  fre¬ quently  found  in  the  fields  hereabouts,  JLanghJollglppeiinES.  And  if  we  are  in  fearch  for a  tranfiation  of  Lon  gvs  Vicvs,  where  can  we  meet  with  an  apter?  Tradition,  Itake it,  is  as  certain  as  any  hiftory,  where  the  etymologies  of  names  anfwer  fo  well  as  in  thofe now  before  us.  Befides,  this  town  was  placed  full  on  the  great  military  way,  from  north to  fouth,  at  an  eafy  ford  over  the  IVbarfe,  and  feems  to  correfpond  with  the  next  garrifon mentioned  in  the  account  to  it,  on  the  other  fide  York,  Deuventio;  which  is  proved to  have  been  placed  on  the  ford  over  the  river  Derwent.  The  Saxon  termination  burgh  has been  fo  often  taken  notice  of,  that  it  is  needlefs  to  fay  any  more  of  it  here. There  are  three  fords  over  this  fometime  rapid  river  IVbarfe,  which  the  Romans,  no doubt,  were  acquainted  with,  and  took  great  care  to  guard.  Thefe,  at  no  great  diftance from  one  another,  are  at  Tadcajler,  St.  Helen's  ford,  wAWelherby.  The  firft  was  the  im¬ mediate  key  to  the  city  itfelf,  and  on  which  Calc4ria  was  built  as  a  proper  guard  to it.  The  others,  I  prefume,  were  under  the  care  of  the  Longovicorii,  in  the  notitia  ;  whofe ftation  ftretching  along  the  river  by  Newton,  which  town’s  name  plainly  hints  at  an  elder brother,  had  its  title  from  its  length.  That  this  place  is  not  mentioned  in  the  itinerary, is  no  rule  why  it  might  not  have  been  a  ftation,  even  at  that  time.  The  rout  there  com¬ ing  always  from  the  north,  by  York,  to  Tadcajler,  and  fo  on,  our  Langburgh  does  not  hap¬ pen  to  fall  in  any  of  the  journeys. There  is  a  vicinary  road,  on  Bramham-moor,  yet  very  apparent,  but  which  was  never taken  notice  of  by  any  that  1  know  of.  It  is  molt  certainly  Roman,  by  its  dimenfions  and  man¬ ner  of  paving,  agreeable  to  all  that  X  have  yet  feen  of  this  fort,  although  the  quantity  of agger  does  not  raife  it  any  thing  like  the  other  grand  military  way  on  the  fame  moor.  It comes  from  the  ford  at  IVethcrby  up  to  Bramham  ;  1  traced  it  fairly  from  thence,  over  the moor,  to  Bramham-moor-houfe ,  as  it  is  called  ;  the  houfe  ftands  full  upon  it ;  from  which it  eoes  direftly  on  for  Tadcajler,  and  falls  into  the  grand  road,  where  the  two  lanes  meet, about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  town.  This  road  makes  part  of  a  circle  from  Wetberby to  Tadcajler,  and  Bramham  is  placed  in  the  midft  of  the  line.  Might  I  be  allowed  another fuppofition,  though  at  a  much  wider  diftance  than  the  former,  I  would  call  this  place  the Bit  aboniacvm,  in  the  notitia,  the  ftation  of  abody  of  foldiers  ftyled  defenfores,  defen¬ ders,  probably,  or  protecftors  of  thefe  paffes.  It  is  true  the  place  has  difcovered  no  other antique  tokens  that  I  know  of,  but  the  road  I  have  mentioned,  and  the  feeming  affinity  in  the name  ;  yet  the  flotation  of  it  adds  a  probability  to  the  conjeflure.  For  as  this  road  muft have  been  originallydefigned  for  a  communication  betwixt  the  two  fords  ol  Wetberby  and  Tad¬ cajler,  including  St.  Helen' s-ford,  it  feems  to  be  a  proper  ftation  for  an  advanced  guard  to them  all.  The  veftiges  of  a  Roman  camp  at  (r)  Aberford,  ftill  vifible,  is  another  argument of  their  vigilance,  in  regard  of  thefe  important  pafles  on  the  greateft  military  way  in  the ifland.  . Mr.  Horjley  imagines  the  P  r  a  e  s  i  divm  in  the  notitia  is  the  lame  with  I  raetorivm in  the  itinerary ,  iffo,  it  muft,  as  I  have  hinted,  lye  fomewhere  on  our  eaftern  coaft :  And it  is  fomewhat  ftrange,  however,  that  no  more  ftations  are  marked  out  for  that  quarter.  I, perhaps,  have  been  too  bold  already  in  my  former  conjefiures,  and  therefore  (hall  not  pre¬ fume  to  make  any  more  alterations  in  the  Englijh  names  affigned  to  the  mlitial  ftations,  by men  of  much  deeper  reach  in  antiquity  than  my  felt.  Befides,  it  is  too  foreign  to  my fubjedl;  I  (hall  therefore  wave  the  matter,  and  pafs  on  to  the  next  head  that  I  propofed  to treat  on,  before  I  concluded  this  chapter. To  give  an  account  of  the  feveral  remains  of  antiquity  which  have  been  found  taken  ta¬ ken  notice  of,  or  are  ftill  preferved  amongft  us.  I  lhall  range  them  in  the  order  of  time that  they  were  difcovered. Our  celebrated  antiquary  was  the  firft  that  led  the  way;  for  though  there  mult  have been,  in  all  ages  fince  the  Romans  left  us,  many  of  their  memorials  found  m  this  city,  yet the  barbarous  or  fuperftitious  ignorance  of  thofe  times,  either  deftroyed  or  defaced  them. It  may  feem  ftrange,  after  what  has  been  faid  before,  that  there  is  not  at  this  day  many  no¬ bler  teftimonies  of  Roman  grandeur  to  be  feen  amongft  us.  That  we  fhew  no  rums  of  tem¬ ples,  amphitheatres ,  palaces,  publick  baths ,  fcfc.  whofe  edifices  muft  once  have  made  Lbora- cvm  fhine  as  bright  almoft  as  Rome  it  felf.  The  wonder  will  ceafe  in  any  one  who  reads the  fequel  of  this  ftory  ;  fuch  terrible  burnings  and  devaluations ; ;  fuch  horrid  deltruction  ol every  thing,  facred  or  profane,  will  be  found  in  it;  that,  it  is  rather  matter  ot  furpuze, how  it  was  poffible  this  mutilated  city  could  ever  fo  much  as  raife  its  head  from  thofe  heaps of  afhes  and  ruins,  it  has  fo  often  and  fo  deeply  been  overwhelmed  and  buried  in.  tor, (r)  Abcr  in  the  Britijh  is  OJlium.  Baxter.  A  place  thought  bears  anallufion  to  the  old  Calc  aria. called  Caftlc^carv  is  at  Aberford,  which  fome  have though Chap. II.  of  the  CITY  o/YORK. though  the  temple  of  Bcllona  be  long  fince  removed  from  York,  yet,  in  the  reft  of  the inteftine  troubles  of  England ,  this  city  has  had  fo  great  a  ftiare,  has  feen  it  felf  fo  often the  feat  of  war,  that  the  altar  of  the  fire-eyed  goddefs  might  have  fmoked  with  human gore  for  feveral  ages,  after  it,  and  the  temples  were  erafed  from  their  firft  Founda¬ tions. To  our  chrijlian  anceftors,  the  Anglo-Saxons  and  Normans ,  we  likewife  owe  the  defacing or  demolifhing  of  almoft  every  Roman  altar,  or  votive  monument  that  were  difcovered  in their  time.  Being  zealots  in  their  perfuafion,  and  utterly  ignorant  of  their  great  ufe  in  hi- ftory,  they  took  care  to  eradicate  all  marks  of paganifm  wherever  they  found  them.  For their  own  conveniency  they  were  obliged  to  make  ufe  of  the  ruins  of  the  Roman  buildings ir,  York ,  to  eredt  their  churches  with yet  it  is  evident,  that  whenever  they  met  with  an infcription,  like  the  Turks  at  prefent  in  Greece ,  they  either  buried  it  in  the  foundation,  tur¬ ned  it  into  the  wall,  broke  or  utterly  obliterated  it.  Several  inftances  of  this  I  have  feen and  obfervedj  and  I  am  perfuaded,  that  whenever  thofe  churches  fall,  or  are  pulled  down to  be  rebuilt,  many  now  buried  Roman  monuments  and  infcriptions  will  fee  the  light.  It is  to  be  hoped  lucceeding  ages  will  have  more  veneration  for  thefe  marks  of  antiquity  than the  latter..  All  we  have  now  to  exaibit,  is  what  the  laft  century  has  turned  out ;  and  it  is a  fatisfidtion  to  me  to  think,  that  time  may  yet  produce  materials  for  fome  abler  pen  to  raife this  fubjedt  to  the  height  it  deferves. I  have  faid  that  Mr.  Camden  was  the  firft  who  took  notice  of  any  Roman  antiquities  or infcriptions  in  York.  That  author,  after  giving  us  the  reading  of  the  reverfe  of  fome  of the  emperor  Severus’s  coins,  which  I  (hall  have  occafion  to  mention  in  the  fequel,  tells  us of  a  memorable  infcription,  which,  he  fays,  he  faw  in  the  houfe  of  a  certain  alderman  of  that city.  In  his  own  and  continuator’s  Britannia ,  it  is  publifhed  in  this  manner  : M.  VEREC.  DIOGENES  IiiiiI.  VIR COL.  EBOR.  IDEMQ^MORT.  CIVES BITVRIX.  HAEC  SIBI  VIVVS  FECIT. Our  antiquary  does  not  give  us  the  reading  of  this  infcription,  nor  inform  us  what  it’was upon  ;  how  nor  where  it  was  found.  Mr.  Burton ,  in  his  commentary,  has  aimed  at  the reading  of  it.  The  faults  of  the  quadrator  or  flone-cutter,  being  amended,  fays  that  author, as  ibidemque  for  idemque ,  and  civis  for  cives ,  the  infcription  is  eafily  read,  and  fignifies  no more  than  that  Marcus  Verecundus  Diogenes ,  a  native  of  Bury,  in  Gafcoigny ,  overfeer  of  the highways  to  the  colony  at  York ,  died  there ;  who,  while  alive,  made'this  monument  for himfelf. Dr.  Gale ,  on  the  itinerary ,  has  there  given  us  a  draught  of  this  monument,  which  had been  fo  little  regarded  at  York ,  that  in  his  time  he  found  it  at  Hull,  where  it  then  ferved  as a  trough  for  watering  horfes  at  a  publick  inn.  The  learned  Dean  calls  it  theca,  which  pro¬ perly  fignifies  any  hollow  cheft  or  other  convenience  for  putting  things  in.  He  has  like¬ wife  added  four  letters  more  to  the  infcription  which  he  faw  upon  the  ftone,  but  which are  omitted  by  Camden.  The  letters  are  C  VB  VS,  and  the  dean  reads  them  clariffimus vir bene  vivens. Mr.  Iiorjley  took  the  pains  to  fearch  out  this  venerable  monument  of  antiquity.  He found  it  ftill  at  Hull,  but  removed  to  another  place,  miferably  broken  and  defaced.  It has  certainly  been  fepulchral,  and  was  defigned  as  a  repofitory  of  urns  for  a  whole  family  ; the  chief  of  which  family  having  taken  care  to  provide  it  in  his  lifetime,  as  the  infcription teftifies.  There  have  been  fome  of  thefe  thecae  found  lately  in  the  Roman  burial-place  with¬ out  Bootham-bar,  but  no  infcriptions  on  them.  I  have  feen  there  likewife,  graves  for  urns, fquare  fpots  in  the  earth,  the  bottom  covered  with  white  land  on  which  the  urns  were  pla¬ ced,  inverted,  three,  four,  or  more  together.  By  the  letters  and  numerals  on  the  ftone, it  appears  plainly,  that  Burton  was  miftaken  in  his  reading  of  them.  IiiiiI  vir  has  fix numerals,  and  therefore  he  mild  be  the  fextumvir  of  the  Roman  colony  at  York.  But  who this  officer  was,  whether  civil  or  military,  is  not  fo  eafy  to  determine.  Urfatus,  in  notis Romanorum ,  has  at  lead  twenty  different  interpretations  of  this  fingle  abbreviation.  That the  Romans '  had  their  duumvir,  triumvir,  and  fo  to  decenivir,  is  apparently  known,  which were  all  civil  officers-,  and  .fo,  by  the  colony  immediately  following  this  title,  our  fevir  feems to  have  been  one  of  the  fame  order  in  the  civil  government.  The  forecited  author  has  a reading  fomething  parallel  to  this,  vi.  vir.  sen.  et  avg.c.  dd.  which  he  interprets,  fex¬ tumvir  feniorum  et  augujlalis  coloniae  dedicavit ,  the  cvbvs  mentioned  by  dean  Gale,  and  faid to  be  upon  the  ftone,  is  likewife  confirmed  by  Mr.  Horjley,  though  it  is  ftrange  Mr.  Cam¬ den  lhould  mifs  it.  But  that  author  obferves,  that  our  antiquary  ufed  frequently  to  omic luch  letters  as  were  doubtful  or  unintelligible  to  him,  though  even  yet  Efficiently  vifible. I  he  quotations  Horfley  draws  from  Pliny  and  Strabo,  fettle  his  reading  of  cvbvs  beyond con  tradition.  For  if  the  Bituriges  were  alfo  called  cubi,  as  thofe  writers  teftify,  it  can bear  no  other.  The  interpretation  of  the  whole  infcription  then  is  this,  that  Marcus  Verc- citndus  Diogenes,  a  fevir,  or  magiftrate,  in  the  colony  at  York,  died  there  ;  he  was  original¬ ly  a  native  or  citizen  of  Bourdeaux  in  France  he  made  this  repofitory  for  his  family’s  urns in 56  The  HIST ORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book I. in  his  lifetime,  and  his  relations  took  care  to  put  his  name,  office,  and  place  of  extraiftion, on  it,  after  his  death. The  remains  of  this  monument  is  (till  at  Hull,  in  the  place  and  condition  Mr.  Horjley defcribes  it.  I  had  once  a  thought  to  have  got  it  convey’d  back  to  York,  from  a town  that  has  no  more  reference  than  regard  to  antiquity;  but  upon  fight,  it  leems  not  at prefent  worth  the  trouble.  All  I  can  do  then  to  preferve  the  memory  of  an  infcription, Plate  v  t  ii  which  is  the  only  one  that  I  ever  faw  or  heard  of,  wherein  the  name  of  Ebor  is  particularly Fig.  2.  put  in  it,  is  to  prefent  the  reader  with  Mr.  Horjlcy's  draught  of  it.  1  he  fize  of  the  chcft is  very  large,  being  fix  foot  long,  and  near  three  deep,  and  isof  miln-ftone-grit;  thechafm, through  which  the  pricked  letters  are  carried,  fliews  what  is  wanting  of  them  at  this time.  ...  ,  - The  next  remarkable  Roman  monument  was  found  under-ground,  in  digging  the  foun¬ dation  for  a  houfe  on  Bi/hop-bill  the  elder,  in  the  year  1638.  Ic  was  prdenred  to  king Charles  I.  when  at  York,  1639,  by  the  then  Sir  Ferimando  Fairfax,  and  was  kept  at  the manner  Afterwards  Sir  Thomas  IViddrington  got  it  to  his  houfe  in  Lendal-ftrcet ;  from whence  itwas  conveyed  to  the  new  houfe  lord  Thomas  Fairfax  built  on  Bijhopbill,  where  it remained  to  the  defection  of  that  houfe  by  his  fon-in-law  the  duke  of  Buckingham.  From that  time  neither  dean  Gale,  Mr.  Horjley,  nor  my  felf,  have  been  able  to  get  the  leal!  in¬ telligence  where  it  was  carried  to.  Dr.  Martin  Lifter,  our  celebrated  phyfician,  phylofo- oher  and  antiquary,  faw  it  at  the  duke’s  houfe,  and  gave  this  account  of  it  to  the  royal a  (S)  He  faid  it  was  a  final!  but  elegant  altar,  with  figures  in  bap  relieve,  of  tier  1- cina  inftruments,  f*.  on  the  Tides  of  it.  He  adds,  that  it  fuffered  an  unlucky  accident  by the  ftupid  ignorance  of  the  mafons,  who  were  ordered,  by  the  ate  lord  Fairfax  to  place it  upon  a  pedeftal  in  the  court  of  his  houfe  at  1'orlc.  He  further  obferves  that  this  altar  is the  only  inftance  he  ever  met  with,  of  the  Romans  making  ule  of  any  other  Hone  than  pit for  them.  And  yet  he  adds,  that  this  is  not  of  the  common  lime- (lone,  or  what  is  dually called  free-ftone,  but  ofa  certain  fort  brought  from  the  quarries  about  Mahon-,  becaufe  of the  lapides  iudiaci  to  be  feen  in  the  texture  of  it.  It  is  pity  the  Dr.  did  not  preferve  the  form of  the  altar  as  well  as  the  infcription,  fince  he  commends  it  fo  much  tor  its  elegant  fculp- ture  But,  fince  that  feems  irretrievable,  the  reader  mull  be  content  with  the  dedication, which  though  printed  feveral  times,  I  have  been  favoured  with  the  moil  exalt  copy  of  it yet  publilhed  1  taken  from  the  original  by  Bryan  Fairfax  Efq;  and  felt  me  by  h,s  Ion  Bry¬ an  Fair  fa  v  Efq ;  now  one  of  the  honourable  commilhoners  of  the  cufloms. ,  The  infcription  has  the  feweft  abbreviations  in  it  that  I  ever  met  with  ;  and  except  the '  laft  line  is  obvious  to  any  one  that  underftands  the  him -tongue.  This  bears  feveral  read- ■  Mr  Hartley  «ives  it  aram  facra  faciendo  nmcufavU  dedicavit.  Mr  Hard  in  his  anno¬ tations  publilhed  In  the  Britannia  Romam,  takes  it  to  mean ,  aram  facra, n  faBan 1  nomine tations,  P  p  v  part  I  prefer  Urfatus  his  notes,  who  for  certain  had  feen  the ‘iTT'otl-er'altirs Abroad,  and  he^reads  ic,  nu  ini  confematori  dedkatam,  veldanjujfit. The  A’ v^  1  of  the  whole  is  this,  To  the  great  and  mighty  Jugiicr,  and  to  all  gods ■  f  h  4  c  hn.ffimld  and  peculiar  sods,  Publius  Aelius  Maraanus ,  prefect  of  a  cohort, fo^the^preifervntion^^iis  owntt  fnd’that  of  his  family,  dedicated  this  altar  to  the great  pmfen'er  remarkable  infcription  which  he  found  in  the fouth  wall  of  the  church  of  All-Samis  in  Norlh-fireet,  an  account  of  which  he  hkewife  lent up  todie  fociety.  The  letters,  fays  the  Dr.  though  a  little  defaced,  are  exceeding  fairly cut  beyond  any  thing  of  that  kind  that  he  had  yet  ieen  m  England  1  he  infcription,  adds h^Tfi-ure  ofa  naked  woman  on  the  left  fide  ot  it,  and  .s  undoubtedly  a  monument of  conTngal  affeaion.  But  the  attempts,  both  by  the  Dr.  and  Mr  Horpy  to  read  it,  are ?ri™louf  there  being  nothing  to  be  underftood  from  .1,  except  the  laft  word,  which  is frivolous,  tnereuci  g  °  ftone  is  put  up  in  the  wall  of  the  church  fo very  plain  and  aPP  ’  j  jmar,jned  half  of  the  infcription  was  hid  by  ic;  and dole  to  a  large  but  refs,  that  1  “  )er  [Q  j  k  alfopen;  But  upon  fearch  we therefore  I  got  a  woi  vmai  -  way  for  the  buttrefs  to  enter  the  wall, andnbindeif “the  firmer.  '  I  refer  the  reader’  for  a  further  explication  of  this  fragment  to  the draught  of  it,  c^en^s^appearsat^prefent^^r.ption, .  which>  in  his  time,  was  built  up  in 1  ■.  r-  1  /  i  1  7i-  nf-ir  the  Mow;  /  It  is  now  loft,  fo  that  I  have  taken  ic beenftputhmi;  M.nJI  being  the  name  of  the  perfon  decealed,  the  name  occurs  m Gr“J;’  (x):  ,  „  n,.  7 iaer  likewife,  for  a  curious  obfervation  he  made  of  the  bafts We  aremdeb  l^r  and  feme  temh  ofa  wall,  whofc  manner  of  building,  with  brick .?„daftonerdDoes  eddentlv  Ihew  it  to  £  Raman.  The  deicription  the  Dr.  made  ot  it  to  the piety,  I  (hall  chufe  to  give  in  his  own  words,  as  follows. ( s )  A!  phi! of.  tranjaP..  v.  3. (t)  Ah.  pbi.'of.  tranj.  v.  3, (  u )  Anton,  iter  Brilftt. )  p.  cioxxiv.  n.  5. ( y)  <c  Care jrlate,  KlU.jj.ij6. cA/mui  /i  t  //fanj, TRonxa  tvntiaua  a  D  on  a  to 7  L  ~7<?w«/Palat  1  nu  s  . u  Forum  Homan. . j  Gapitolium . 4  SSorfa  Flamima  . jtfcrrta.  Cannentalis . t>  £7emj?/i<m  Jam . J  £Jemj*Av»L3ELLON& . sJi  ic-  e* ftS/enyt/wm*. t J7.  Aug  eli . <?  {y7»ifo.  -Apollmis eortra  urAem. . er  Ct/rctuf Campus  Mar  tiu  s jjij.  ■ CRISPVS  NOBi/uC. TRLV ( 'IIV-IWENTVTIS  m  unapt mi<t  lVLi Onyc in  cu . Sardou i  n  ad '/(7 , )'  Han s  S loan K/Jar^Vrej/WfHf,  /ind  t/is  rc.it  rf  t/ic  FFc//eirj  of  t/ic  Royal  Scv ^MU lilHlIlBl KL EBOn CVBVSi  1 GEN10  LO  C F  E  LI  C  IT  Ei /,  and  otAer  Cwn-oaitua  jtau/nd  at  York  . 1,1  saJ/vyAf/  Ay  t/if/r  /avt/tw;  a///<t  very/  /uniA'/f  aenam/t  Francis  Drake,  ijgtf. nil  1 WRCOL : .  1 1  \  !'l\ (rtfS FECIT I  IAC  C  IN  S- l-\  <)l  K\  I  I \\  S  \  II  V SIGI'J'LEGVlIil AN-XXUX. Jl I  6'  1' s a _ •-^4  Jca/e.  j  &ei h  1  *-  O’-  M DIS  BE  A  BVJ  a  ME HOSPITAL  IBY.S  PE. NATlBVS-a  -OB  COM STAATAM  SALMTM SSfAM  Sl/ORV  M-G T.AEl  MARC  IAN VS  -  Pli/EF .  COH - A  AM  SAC. $  /VOB. A  Roman  to/nr  otn</  tra//  tn  York iMt-c/v/e/  fo /UY.tfri’t’  a?/  ri/efl  of  //uj  ti/iftaU  Roman  fzhiifioatioTv,  Benjamin  Langwith  ]J.l).  ’/Vector //  Petwordi  ih  .Si  iff  ox,  o  /tot/i’c  of  York,  oo/i//ZZut<\)  f/itj  fi/ci/e.  /yy  6 .  ^ _ Chap.  II.  tf  the  Cl  TV  of  YORK. (y)  “  Carefully  viewing  the  antiquities  of  York,  the  dwelling  of  at  Jeaft  two  of  the “  Roman  emperors,  Sevens  and  Cmjiantius,  I  found  a  part  of  a  wall  yet  Handing,  which “  is  undoubtedly  of  that  time.  It  is  the  fouth  wall  of  the  Mini-yard ,  formerly  the  hofpi- “  talofSt.  Laurence  (z)  ;  it  confifts  of  a  multangular  tower,  which  did  lead  to  Bootbam- “  tsar,  and  about - —  »f  a  wall,  which  ran  the  length  of  Cmng-ftreet,  as  he  who  fhall “  attentively  view  it  on  both  hides  may  difcern. “  The  out-fide  to  the  river  is  laced  with  a  very  fmall  faxum  quadrat,, m  of  about  four  inches “  thick,  and  laid  in  levels  like  our  modern  brick-work  ;  but  the  length  of  the  Hongs  is “  n?t  Obferved,  but  are  as  they  fell  out  in  hewing.  From  the  foundation  twenty  courfes “  °f  thefe  fmall  fquared  Hones  are  laid,  and  over  them  five  courfes  of  Roman  brick. “  Tliele  bricks  are  laid  fome  length-ways,  feme  end-ways  in  the  wall,  and  were  called  la- “  teres  dmtor.i-,  after  thefe  five  courfes  of  brick,  other  twenty  two  courfes  of  fmall  fquare “  ftones<  as  before  defcribed,  are  laid,  which  raife  the  wall - feet  higher,  and  then “  five  more  courfes  of  the  fame  Roman  bricks  are  laid  ;  beyond  which  the  wall  is  imper- “  left,  and  cap’d  with  modern  building.  Note,  that  in  all  this  height  there  is  no  cafe- “  ment  or  loophole,  but  one  entire  and  uniform  wall,  from  which  we  may  infer,  that  the “  "tall  was  built  fome  courfes  higher,  after  the  fame  order.  The  bricks  were  to  be  as  tho- “  roughs,  or,  as  it  were,  fo  many  new  foundations,  to  that  which  was  to  be  fuperftruft- ' “  ed,  and  to  bind  the  two  fides  together  firmly  ;  for  the  wall  it  felf  is  only  faced  with  fmall “  fquare  Hone,  and  the  middle  thereof  filled  with  mqrtar  and  pebble. “  Thefe  bricks  are  about  feventeen  inches  long  of  our  meafure,  about  eleven  inches “  broad,  and  two  and  an  half  thick.  This,  having  caufed  feveral  to  be  carefully  meafur- “  cd>.  I  g've  in  round  numbers,  and  do  find  them  to  agree  very  well  with  the  Roman  foot, “  wh>ch  the  learned  antiquary  Graves  has  left  us,  viz.  of  its  being  about  half  an  inch  lefs “  than  ours-  .They  feem  to  have  flirunk  in  the  baking  more  in  the  breadth  than  in  the “  k"gth,  which  is  but  reafonable,  becaufe  of  its  eafier  yielding  that  way ;  and  lo  for  the “  hame  reafon  more  in  thicknels;  for  we  fuppofe  them  to  have  been  deligped  in  the  mold “  for  three  Roman  inches.  This  demonHrates  Pliny’s  meafures  to  be  true,  where  he  lays, “  genera  laterum  tria,  iidoron ,  quo  utimur  longum  fefquipede,  latum  pede  ;  and  not  thofeof “  vitruyius  where  they  are  extant;  the  copy  of  Vi inivilis,  where  it  deferibes  the  Didoron “  and  mealures,  being  vitious.  And  indeed  all  I  have  yet  feen  with  us  in  England,  are “  of  Pliny’s  meafure,  as  at  Leicefter  in  the  Roman  ruin  there,  called  the  Jevis-wall,  and  at Sc.  Albans ,  as  I  remember,  as  well  as  with  us  at  York. “  I  (hall  only  add  this  remark,  that  proportion  and  uniformity,  even  in  the  mmutefi “  parts  of  building,  is  to  be  plainly  obferved,  as  this  miferable  ruin  of  Roman  workman- “  ihip  foews.  In  our  Gotbici  buildings  there  is  a  total  negleifi  of  meafure  and  proportion “  of  the  courfes,  as  though  tliat  was  not  much  material  to  the  beauty  of  the  whole  ; “  whereas,  indeed,  in  nature’s  works,  it  is  from  the  fymmetry  of  the  very  grain  whence  a- “  rifes  much  of  the  beauty. I  have  to  remark  upon  this  very  particular  defeription  of  the  Do&or’s,  that  the  Hones of  the  wail  are  not  of  the  grit-kind,  but  of  the  common  free-flone  ;  there  beinn  no  occa- fion  to  fear  fire  in  an  exterior  part  of  a  fortification.  Next,  that  the  building  of  the  tower is  the  fame  on  the  infideofit,  as  on  the  out,  and  has  a  communication  with  Bootham-bar under  the  vallum  or  rampart  that  hides  it  that  way.  The  foundation  of  this  tower  is  of  afin- gular  (hape  and  Hrcngth,  the  angle  it  commands  requiring  the  latter  in  an  extraordinary degree.  And  the  form  of  it  comes  the  nearefi  a  circle  that  any  fuch  building  can  admit of.  The  wall  that  runs  from  it  S.  E.  makes  a  Hreight  line,  and,  no  doubt,  anciently  went along  the  eaft  fide  of  Conyng-Jlrect ,  as  far  as  the  Fofs  (a).  Tire  foundations  of  ail  the houies  111  the  line,  difcovering  the  marks  of  it.  I  faw  a  piece  of  it  laid  open  in  Lendal ,  a- bout  twenty  or  thirty  yards  below  the  Mint-yard  gates,  which  happened  by  an  accident  of rkggmg  a  drain.  But  the  cement,  that  compofcd  this  fragment,  was  fo  exceeding  hard, that  tile  workmen  had  much  ado  to  lower  it  to  their  level ;  in  their  way  they  threw  up  a fmall  denarius  or  two,  but  they  were  obliterated.  What  this  very  high  wall  and  particu¬ lar  fortification,  without  any  vallum,  and  on  this  fide  the  river,  could  ferve  for,  I  cannot conjejfture.  The  reader  is  prefented  with  a  view  of  this  piece  of  antiquity,  as  it’ appears  at this  day,  in  the  annexed  plate. Since  the  time  of  Dr.  Lifter,  a  fione,  with  an  infeription  on  it,  was  difeovered  in  dig¬ ging  a  cellar  in  Conyng-Jlreet  in  the  line  of  the  Roman  wall  aforefaid.  The  Hone  is  of gnl,  the  letters  large,  and  is  now  up  in  the  back-yard-wall  of  Mrs.  Crumpton’s  houfe  be- low  the  Rlack-fwan- inn  in  that  ftreec.  Our  countryman,  and  late  diligent  antiquary  Mr Thorejby  of  Leeds,  gave  the  royal  foe  iely  an  account  of  it  in  thefe  words: (b)  “  The  Roman  monument,  lately  difeovered  at  York,  was  found  not  far  from  the “  man  wali  and  multangular  tower,  which  Dr.  Lifter  has  given  fo  curious  a  defeription  Fig*  6*  V‘“' {y)  Abridg.  of  philofoph.  tranfaft.v.  3. (z)  A  miilake  it  is  S.  Leonard's. (n)  See  the  plan  of  the  city,  where  a  line  is  drawn  from this  tower  along  Conyng-Jlreet  and  Cnjl legate  to  the  fofs. I  take  it  to  make  an  interio.ur  fortification  to  the  city, Clifford's  tower,  whofe  mount  is  certainly  Roman ,  com¬ mands  one  end  of  it. (i)  Abridg.  of phjjoipph.  tranf  v.  y “  of. 58 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. «  of.  This  monument,  dedicated  to  the  genius ,  or  tutelar  deity  of  the  place,  is  not  of tc  ,-he  courfe  rag  that  the  generality  of  the  Roman  altars  are,  but  of  a  finer  grit  like  that  at “  my  lord  Fairfax's,  houfe  in  York.  It  is  twenty  one  inches  long  and  eleven  broad;  and  is “  infcribed  Genio  loci  feliciter  ;  there  was  a  larger  ftone  found  with  it,  but  without “  any  infcription ;  nor  is  there  upon  either  of  them  the  reprefen tation  of  a  ferpent  or  a cc  young  vifiige ;  by  both  which  the  ancients  fometimes  defcribed  thefe  dii  topici.  II cc  the  name  had  been  added,  it  would  have  gratified  the  curiofity  ol  lome  of  our  neReric tc  antiquaries.  But  they  mull  yet  acquiefce,  for  ought  I  know,  in  their  old  dvi,  who  is “  laid  to  be  the  tutelar  deity  of  the  city  of  the  Briganles. “  The  author  of  this  votive  monument  feems  to  have  the  fame  fuperftitious  veneration cc  for  the  genius  of  York.,  as  thofe  at  Rome  had  for  theirs,  whofe  name  they  were  prohibited cc  to  mention  or  enquire  after.  Hence  it  is,  that  upon  their  coins  the  name  ot  this  deity cc  is  never  exprefied,  but  in  a  more  popular  manner  by  Genivs  P.  R.  or  Pop.  Rom. The  dedication  of  this  votive  tablet,  for  altar  its  lhape  will  not  admit  of,  is  molt  certain¬ ly  a  o-reat  compliment  paid  to  our  city;  and  Rome  it  lelf  could  not  have  had  a  greater  in its  fullelt  o-fory.  It  is  well  known  that  the  fuperftitious  Romans  believed  a  good  and  a bad  genius  did  attend  both  perfons,  cities,  and  countries  ;  hence  Virgil  at  Aeneas  his  entrance into  Italy, - geniumque  loci  primamque  deoritm Tellur em , Genio  Pop.  Rom.  in  coins  is  common  quite  through  the  Pagan  empire  ;  nor  is  there  wan¬ ting  many  inftances  in  Gruter ,  Camden ,  Monfaucon,  and  Horflry ,  ol  altars,  and  other  mo¬ numents,  dedicated  to  th t  genii  of  perfons,  places,  &c.  ( c ).  But  yet  I  never  met  witli  an infcription  of  this  fort,  with  fo  remarkable  an  adjunct,  as  feliciter  to  it.  It  leems  they thought  the  tutelar  deity  of  Eboracvm  was  happily  placed  by  being  guardian  ol  the  im¬ perial  city  of  Britain ,  and  gave  this  teftimony  of  their  veneration  of  it.  Genio  loci  fe¬ liciter  [regnanti]  or  fomefuch  word,  feems  to  be  the  fence  of  the  infcription  ;  and  it  can hardly  bear  any  harlher  conftru&ion.  . Concerning  the  god  Dvi,  which  Mr.  Thorefby  mentions,  there  is  a  remarkable  mlcnp- tion,  on  an  altar,  given  us  both  in  Camden  and  Gruter ,  relating  to  that  deity.  Mr.  Cam¬ den  lays  it  was  found  near  Gretland ,  on  the  Calder ,  in  the  weft  riding  of  Yorkfhire  ;  and  he  law it  at  the  feat  of  Sir  John  Savile  Kt.  Mr.  Horfey  found  it  lying  in  the  church-yard  of  Conyng- t0n ,  and  took  an  exaCt  draught  of  both  fides  of  the  altar,  with  their  infcriptions.  It  may be  Veen  in  his  Britan.  Rom.  fig.  xviii,  Yorkfoire.  The  reading  of  it  is  thus,  Dvi  civjta- t is  brigantvm,  et  numinihus  Auguflorum ,  Titus  Aurelius  Aurefianus  dedical  pro  Je  et fuis.  On  the  reverfe  is  Antonino  tertium  et  Geta  confulibus. Whether  this  Dvi  be  the  name  of  the  deity,  omitted  in  the  former  infcription;  or  Ci- vitas  Brigantvm,  exprefsly  means  the  city,  the  province,  or  both,  I  fhall  not  deter¬ mine.  The  word  civitas,  I  have  before  explained  ;  Mr.  Camden  feems  pofitive,  that  this Dvi  was  the  peculiar  and  local  genius  of  the  city  it  felf.  By  the  bell  conjecture  that  can  be made  of  the  date  on  the  reverfe  of  the  altar,  it  was ereCted  A.  C.  ccviii,  when  Severus and his  two  fons  were  at  York  ;  and  the  infcription  appears  to  be  a  high  compliment  paid,  by fome  commander,  to  the  three  emperors,  and  to  the  tutelar  genius  of  the  place  they  then York ,  refided  in.  ...  ,.  .  ..  ,  ,  , As  the  heathens  had  their  good  genii,  fo  likewife  their  evil  ones  are  traditionally  handed down  to  us;  by  thofe  many  idle  ftories  of  local  ghofts  which  the  common  people  do  Hill believe  haunt  cities,  towns  and  family  feats,  famous  for  their  antiquities  and  decays.  Of this  fort  are  the  apparitions  at  Verulam ,  Silchefter ,  Recu/ver,  and  Rochefler ;  the  Demon oiTedworth ,  the  black- dog  of  kVmcheJler ,  th e.  Padfoot  of  Pontfrete ,  and  the  XBargllcft  of York ,  G fc.  1111 But  die  crreateft  and  moft  remarkable  difcovery  that  we  have  yet  made,  happened  about the  year  1 686.  The  honour  of  being  the  firft  obfervator  of  this,  as  well  as  the  next,  is  due to  the  memory  of  our  northern  antiquary,  Mr.  Thorefby.  He  lent  an  account  of  them  to the  royal  fociety,  which  was  afterwards  publilhed  in  their  tranlactions.  The  aforelaid  writer has  been  a  little  more  explicit  about  thefe  venerable  reliques  in  his  Ducatus  Leod :  And  I fhall  make  ufe  of  his  own  words  from  thence. (d)  “  The  fepulchral  monument  of  the^ftandard-bearer  to  the  ninth  legion  was  dug  up cc  \n  Trinity-gardens,  near  Micklegate ,  York-,  and  was  happily  refcued  by  Bryan  Fairfax  Efq “  f  rom  the  brutilh  workmen,  who  had  broke  it  in  the  midft,  and  were  going  to  make  ufe “  of  it  for  two  throughs,  as  they  call  them,  to  bind  a  wall;  but  by  that  worthy  gerrtle- «c  man’s  direction  it  was  walled  upright  with  the  infcription  and  effigies  to  the  front,  and cc  is  fince  removed  to  the  gardens  of  Sir  Henry  Goodrick  at  Rihflon. —  The  brick  had  been cc  feveral  times  made  ufe  of,  with  broken  ftones  and  brick-bats,  by  Mr.  Smith  in  making [J]  Thorffc  ducat.  Leodfcnfs. (,)  Genii,  Lara,  et  Penates,  are  frequently  ufed  by  the Romans,  as  fynonimous  terms.  Vide  Monfaucon,  v.i. p.320. molds Chat.  II. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. f  9 44  molds  for  caftiug  bells.  Upon  my  enquiry  after  infcriptions  in  that  ancient  city,  he 44  recollefted  himfelf,  that  he  had  feen  fome  old  letters,  but  thought  the  brick  was  loft,  pjg.  7. 44  though  upon  fearch  we  found  the  piece,  which  is  infcribed  Legio  ix.  vic.  This  is  alfo 44  an  argument  of  the  peace  thofe  parts  enjoyed  at  that  time,  which  I  take  to  be  the  Jat- 44  ter  end  of  Severus  his  reign  •  making  of  bricks,  carting  up  highways,  being  the  ufual “  employment  for  foldiers  at  fuch  vacancies. I  forbear  giving  our  old  gentleman’s  reading  of  the  firft  infcription,  as  well  as  his  hi- ftorical  account  of  it ;  becaule  I  think  Mr.  Horjley ,  perhaps  by  Handing  on  the  other’s fhoulders,  has  done  it  much  better.  From  his  work  then  I  ext  raft  the  following  ac- count’  .  ,  . tt  (e)  This  very  curious  and  remarkable  infcription  was  firft  difcovered  in  Trinity -yard “  in  Micklegate,  and  is  now  at  Ribjton  near  JVetherby,  being  carefully  preferved,  under  cover «<  jn  a  garden  belonging  to  Sir  Henry  Goodrick,  who  knows  how  to  fet  a  juft  value  on  this *c  curious  piece  of  antiquity.  It  has  been  communicated  to  the  publick  by  Mr.  Thorejby , «t  in  the  philofophical  tranfaftions ;  and  from  thence  it  has  been  inferted  in  the  late  edition  of “  Camden's  Britannia ,  but  ill  reprefented  as  to  the  fhape  and  cut  of  the  letters.  Dr.  Gale , c‘  in  his  edition  of  Antonini  itinerarium ,  has  done  it  more  juftice  ;  for  the  letters  are  well “  cut,  ftrong  and  clear,  and  all  of  them  yet  very  legible;  particularly  the  Legio  viiii, “  at  the  end  of  the  fourth  line  is  diftinft  and  certain,  which  is  the  great  curiofity  of  the  in- “  fcription.  The  principal  difficulty,  in  refpeft  to  the  reading,  is  in  the  beginning  of “  the  fecond  line.  Mr.  Thorejby ,  who  gives  us  no  part  of  the  infcription  but  the  laft  line “  and  this,  would  have  it  to  be  lubens  vcluit,  which  is  neither  agreeable  to  the  letters  them- “  felves,  or  the  fituation  of  them,  nor  at  all  confident  with  the  obvious  fenfe  of  the  reft “  of  the  infcription.  Upon  fight  of  the  original,  I  was  foon  convinced  thefe  letters  were “  LVOLTF,  the  laft  three  LT  F  being  all  connefted  together  •,  and  they  muft  I  think “  be  read  Lucii  voltinia  [ tribu ]  filius  ;  fo  that  it  expreffes  the  father’s  tribe,  though  the  fon «  was  of  Vienna  in  Gaul ,  which  was  a  famous  Roman  colony.  Provincia  Viennenjis  was  one “  of  the  feventeen  provinces  oi  Gaul ,  which  were  under  the  praefeftus  praetorio  Galliarum. cc  This  tribus  voltinia  is  likewife  mentioned  upon  another  infcription  (f)  in  Cumberland. <i  jc  may  feem  ftrange  perhaps,  that  the  F  for  filius  fhould  be  joined  in  the  famecharafter tc  that  includes  two  letters  of  the  preceding  words  •,  but  we  have  an  inftance  of  the  like ic  kind  on  another  infcription  at  great  Salkild  in  Cumberland ,  where  the  fame  cypher  in- <(  eludes  two  letters  belonging  to  two  different  words  (g).  The  flouriih  annexed  to  the  foot “  of  the  firft  N  in  the  third  line,  is  fomewhat  peculiar,  but  very  diftinft.  The  word  Ru- “  finus  occurs  in  another  of  our  infcriptions  (h).  The  reft  has  no  diffiulty  ;  and  as  for  the “  legio  nona ,  I  have  given  a  full  account  of  it  in  the  hiftory  of  the  Roman  legions  in  Bri¬ tt  iaint  The  figure  of  this  fignifer  is  placed  above  the  infcription  with  his  vexillum  in  one hand  or  the  fignum  of  a  cohort  according  to  Mr.  Ward ,  whofe  conjefture  I  fhall  add, “  and  a  thing  like  a  bafket  in  the  other.  There  is  fomewhat  of  much  the  fame  appea¬ se  ranee  in  the  hand  of  a  foldier  upon  a  funeral  ftone  at  Skirway  in  Scotland.  This  may 44  poffibly  reprefent  the  veffel  for  holding  or  meafuring  of  corn,  which  was  part  of  a  Ro- “  man  foldier’s  pay.”  What  our  author  adds  from  Mr.  Ward  is  this  : tc  Iam  inclined  to  think,  what  the  image  holds  in  his  right  hand  is  the  enfign  of  a  co- cc  fort  or  manipulus.  It  feems  very  poffible,  from  a  paffage  in  Caefar ,  that  every  cohort. 44  had  its  particular  enfign*,  his  words  are  thefe  (i),  quart  ae  cohortis  omnibus  fere  centurioni- 44  bus  occifis ,  fignifero  interfeBo ,  fig  no  amiffo ,  &c.  Now  in  all  the  legionary  coins  of  Mark 44  Anthony ,  the  eagle  is  placed  between  two  fuch  enfigns  as  this  image  holds  in  his  right 44  hand.  As  the  eagle  therefore  was  the  ftandard  of  the  whole  legion,  one  would  be  led 44  to  think,  thefe  were  defigned  to  reprefent  the  enfigns  of  the  cohorts ,  as  next  in  or - 44  der.  But  fince  fome  very  learned  men  have  thought  them  rather  the  enfigns  of  the 44  manipuli ,  I  would  leave  every  one  to  judge  of  them  as  he  pleafes.  What  the  image 44  holds  in  his  left  hand,  I  take  to  be  the  vexillum  of  a  century.  The  form  of  the  vcxil- 44  lum  feems,  I  think,  to  favour  this  opinion  ;  for  it  was  four-fquare,  as  appears  by  a 44  draught  of  it  given  above  (£). I  have  nothing  to  add  after  this  particular  defeription  of  the  monument,  by  thefe  great antiquaries,  but  to  prefent  the  reader  with  a  draught  of  it.  It  was  taken  by  fcale,  fo  that the  height  of  the  whole,  the  figure,  and  the  letters,  may  be  meafured.  By  comparing  this  pLATE with  Mr.  Horfley's  a  fenfible  difference  will  appear;  but  whether  the  drawer  or  engraver  Fig.  8. was  in  fault  I  know  not.  I  ftood  over  my  workman  whilft  mine  was  taken ;  and  the  mo¬ nument  is  exaftly  as  I  have  reprefented  it.  This  curious  piece  of  antiquity  remains  ftill under  cover,  in  the  gardens  at  Ribfton ;  but  I  could  wifh  that  the  poffeffor  would  return it  back  to  Tork,  to  be  repofited  in  fome  fafe  place,  as  a  lafting  monument  of  its  ancient glory. (e)  Horjley's  Brit.  Rom.  f.  viii.  Torkjhire,  p.  30S. (/)  No  LX1II. (U  No  LI. (Z’)N°XCVI.  Northumberland. ( 1 )  De  bello  Gallico,  1 .  1 1 .  c .  1  5 . ( £)  Northumberland ,  N°  LX. Such 6o Tie  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. Such  a  curious  obferver  as  Dr.  Lifter,  and  the  other  antiquaries  I  have  mentioned  were one  would  imagine  could  not  let  a  noble  Roman  arch ,  yet  Handing  in  a  principal  gate  of the  city,  efcape  their  notice.  And  yet  I  do  not  find  that  any  of  them  have  made  the  lead; mention  of  it.  The  arch  I  fpeak  of,  is,  the  chief  in  Micklegate-bar  by  the  port-cull  is  • which  being  wholly  built  of  Milnft one-grit,  and  a  true  fegment  of  a  circle,  I  always  con¬ sidered  it  as  Roman-,  but  my  final!  flcill  in  architecture  would  not  let  me  abfolutely  call  it io,  till  much  better  authority  confirmed  my  notion.  When  I  had  the  honour  a  year  or  two ago,  to  walk  about  the  city  with  lord  Burlington,  to  Ihew  his  lordlhip  the  poor  remains  of antiquity  we  can  now  boafi  of ;  I  was  much  pleafed  that  I  had  an  opportunity  to  afk  the opinion  of  a  perfon  whole  peculiar  tafie  and  fkill  in  all  branches  of  architecture  has  rendred his  lord  fin  p  the  admiration  of  the  prefent  age.  Accordingly  I  brought  him  under  the  arch, and  defired  his  opinion  of  if,  his  lordfiiip  having  confidered  it  a  little,  faid  pleafintly this  muft  be  a  Roman  arch  or  elfe  built  fince  Inigo  Jones's  time.  The  improbability  of  the latter  is  apparent  enough.  In  fhort  his  lordlhip  afilired  me  that  it  was  a  Roman  arch  and of  the  Tujcan  order.  The  arch  is  a  triplit,  and  fupports  a  mafly  pile  of  Gothick  turrets,  &c which  no  doubt  has  been  frequently  renewed  upon  it,  fince  the  firong  foundation  was  built by  thofe  admirable  architefts  the  Romans.  It  feems  yet  to  bid  defiance  to  time ;  though probably  ereCted  fifteen  hundred  years  ago ;  and  when  its  foundations  come  to  be  razed iome  ages  hence,  fome  Hone  perhaps  in  the  building  will  be  found  to  bear  an  infcription fufficient  to  denote  its  antiquity  ;  and  be  another  tefiimony  of  the  glory  of  the  once  famous Eboracvm.  As  it  is  at  this  day  I  prefent  the  reader  with  a  view  of  it  ;  there  is  here and  there  a  Hone  of  another  kind  put  in,  where  the  old  ones  have  failed  ;  but  that  does not  alter  the  fymetry  and  proportion  of  the  arch.  The  gate  faces  the  grand  road  to  Cal- caria  or  Tadcafter  ;  and  is  placed  near  the  center  of  the  vallum  and  wall  which  fortifies this  part  of  the  city.  At  a  good  bow-fhot  from  it  is  a  place  called  the  mount  -,  which  is find  to  have  been  thrown  up  in  our  late  civil  wars  ;  but  to  me  it  feems  of  much  greater  an¬ tiquity,  and  I  take  it  to  have  been  an  outwork,  or  Roman  fortrefs,  ereCfed  for  the  greater fecurity  of  this  landftde  of  the  city,  as  I  may  fo  call  it.  Whoever  will  take  a  view  of  the antient  Ljndvm,  Lincoln,  drawn  out  by  that  diligent  and  intelligent  antiquary  Dr.  Slukelev , will  find  fuch  an  outwork  as  this  but  much  larger  to  have  been  made,  extra  muros  of  that famous  city  (l). There  has  nothing  elfe  in  my  time,  of  Hone  or  fculpture,  been  difcovered  worth  notice; fome  miferable  remains  of  the  latter  excepted.  Thefe  I  have  collected  from  different parts  of  the  city,  where  they  are  fiuck  up  in  old  walls,  or  lie  negleCted  in  courts  or Plate  viii.  gardens.  On  the  church  yard  wall  of  St.  Laurence ,  extra  JValmgate ,  lie  two  very  antient Fig-  9-  llatues,  proHrate  •,  but  whether  Roman  or  Saxon ,  Pagan  or  Chriftian ,  fince  better  antiqua¬ ries  than  my  felf  have  been  puzzled,  I  fhall  not  determine  (m).  I  fubmit  them  to  the  rea- Fig.  io.  der;  the  things  they  hold  in  their  hands,  are  alfo  reprefented,  as  well  as  they  may  be,  by them.  But  the  head  which  is  Huck  in  the  wall  underneath  thefe  Hatues  is  certainly  Roman , both  from  the  gritt  and  fculpture  that  its  age  demonHrates.  In  Trinity-yard  Mickle^ate  is a  bafe,  which  has  two  feet  of  a  Hatue  upon  it;  and  on  it  has  been  a  large  infcription  but heu  dolor !  obliterated  ;  as  I  take  it,  not  by  time,  but  malice,  or  ignorance,  or  the  miHa- ken  foolifh  zeal  of  our  chriftian  ancefiors.  The  reft,  fuch  as  they  are,  I  fubmit  to  the j?5g.  2,  I2-  reader’s  judgment. The  laH  thing  which  I  fhall  take  notice  of,  in  relation  to  the  Romans,  is  the  quantity of  their  coins,  ftgnets ,  fthulae,  urns,  farcophagi,  &c.  which  have  been  found  with  us.  As to  the  coins,  though  no  doubt  every  age,  fince  their  time,  has  difcovered  many ;  yet  an accident  in  the  lafi  has  thrown  out  more  than  could  be  feen  without  it.  This  has  happened by  the  quantity  of  ground  dug  up  for  gardens,  in  and  about  die  city  of  late  years;  buc  then though  leveral  by  this  means  are  found,  yet  we  may  prefume  many  more  are  defiroyed  by it.  The  loads  of  manure  which  the  gardiners  ufe,  to  enrich  the  foil  to  their  purpofe,  has by  its  nitrous  quality,  perfectly  difiolved  all  thofe,  which  time  had  any  way  eroded  be¬ fore-hand. Whatever  has  been  difcovered  in  York,  of  thefe  curiofities,  both  of  late  years  and  ancient¬ ly,  are  now  1b  difperfed,  that  it  is  not  pofiible  to  give  any  particular  account  of  them. Indeed  I  never  heard  of  any  exceeding  rare  that  were  found  ;  being  mofily  of  the  bafts  empire ; and,  amongfi  thofe,  Gela’s  coins  are  with  us,  the  commoneH  of  any.  About  four  years ago  a  gold  Chriftpus  was  taken  up,  in  a  garden,  next  to  the  houfe  of  William  Metcalf  Efq ; Plate  viii.  in  Boothajn.  The  coin  is  well  preferved,  and  being  placed  amongfi  the  rarvffimi  by  the Fig-  ‘3-  collectors,  I  have  thought  fit  to  exhibit  a  draught  of  it  in  the  next  plate.  It  is  at  pre¬ fent  in  the  pofiefiion  of  Bryan  Fairfax ,  Efq ;  to  whom  the  author  of  this  work  prefented it. But  what  lends  a  greater  lufire  to  our  fubjeCt  are  the  coins  of  the  emperor  Severus,  which Camden  fpeaks  of;  and  which  are  inferibed  on  the  reverfe,  adds  that  author,  Col.  Ebo- (l)  Stukely’s  it  in.  aoiofum.  See  the  plan  of  York  for  Roman  fenator  and  his  lady ;  but  I  am  not  of  that  opinion the  Mount.  by  the  form  of  the  beard  on  one. [m)  Dr.  Gate  fuppofed  them  to  be  the  Hatues  of  a RACVM Chap.  II.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. racvm  Leciovi.  Victrix  (n).  He  does  not  name  his  authority  for  this  aftertion,  nor does  he  fay  that  he  ever  faw  the  coin.  But  in  dean  Gale* s  itinerary  Goltzius  is  quoted  in the  margin  as  the  author  from  whence  Mr.  Camden  might  take  it ;  and  it  is  very  probable he  did  fo.  That  learned  German  antiquary  in  his  Thefaurus  reiantiquariae,  C.  xviii.  coloni- arum,  mumcipiorumquc  Romanorum  nomina  &  epithets ,  p.  239,  gives  the  reading  of  the  re- verfe  of  one  of  the  emperor  Sevens  his  coins  as  Mr.  Camden  has  expreffed  it  But  it  is a  pity  he  did  not  at  the  fame  time  publifh  a  drawing  of  this  curious  coin,  as  alfo  of  the preceding  one  of  Geta’s,  whofe  reverfe  was  as  he  writes  Col.  Diva  »a  Leg  xx  Vic  in honour  ol  that  legion  Rationed  at  Chefter.  It  would  not  only  have  been  a  very  particular and  extraordinary  memorial  of  thofe  two  important  Rations,  but  a  great  illuftration  to  the whole  Roman  hiftory  of  Britain.  Nothing  being  more  expreffive,  in  that  fence  than  in- fcriptions  on  coins,  medals,  and  Rones.  I  am  aware  that  the  fingle  authority  of  Goltzius is  only  to  this  point  1  and  alfo  that  it  is,  and  has  been  difputed  by  our  modern  antiquaries  ; tint  neither  Medwbarbus ,  nor  Monfieur  Vaillant  in  his  colony  coins,  makes  any  mention  of any  inch  Ramp  5  yet  that  does  not  argue,  but  their  elder  brother  in  antiquity,  might  have een  coins  which  never  might  fall  into  their  hands.  Befides,  it  is  at  prefent  acknowledged that  the  authority  of  Goltzius  is  every  day  gaining  Rrength  ;  by  a  number  of  curious  coins, only  mentioned  by  him,  and  which  have  lately  been  brought  to  light.  Upon  the  whole  it is  not  my  bufmefs  to  difpute  this  matter  at  all ;  and  I  am  only  forry  I  cannot  exhibite  a drawing  of  this  remarkable  coin,  for  I  am  very  fure  it  would  have  given  a  very  meat  lul- tre  to  my  fubjedt.  &  J  ° When  I ;  mention  Medwbarbus  and  Vaillant,  I  muR  take  notice  that  the  coins  flruck  in honour  of  Sevens,  Caracalla  and  Gets,  which  have  on  their  reverfe  V,ctoriae  Br  itan! NicAE  &  Concordia  Avgvstorvm,  as  quoted  in  thofe  authors,  were,  in  all  proba- 2’  ,llrUCfk  at  r°rk ■  For  the  f°rmer  was  damped  in  honour  of  his  Caledonian  expedition after  his  return  to  our  city ;  as  the  latter  bare  teRimony  of  the  reconcilement  he  fuppofed he  made  a  little  before  his  death,  betwixt  lus  fons.  So  the  title  of  Britann.ICvSPMax- j t.t vs,  which  he  certainly  affumed  at  Turk,  as  lord  of  the  whole  ifland  of  Britain-  and Rruck  upon  his  coins;  can  no  where  be  fuppofed  to  have  its  original  Ramp  better  than  in the  fame  city  where  he  triumphed  for  the  greatefl  glory  of  his  reign.  It  is  not  to  be imagined  but  that  the  m, nt  attended  the  imperial  court ;  for  no  foonlr  was  a  great  alWn performed,  but  the  whole  empire  was  made  acquainted  with  it,  by  feme  fim,al  reverfe Rruck  immediately  upon  the  current  coin.  *  °  verle Nor  have  we  a  lels  claim  to  thofe  medals  coined  in  honour  of  the  deification  of  the  en, peior  Confiantuis  Cblorus-,  and  the  inauguration  of  his  fon  Conftantine  the  great  The  cere mony  of  both  thefe  remarkable  events,  having  been  performed,  as  I  have  elfewhere  fhewn at  tBoRAcvM.  But,  as  thereappears  nothing  infcribed  on  all  thefe  coins  to  fimnnre  rh"’ notion,  at  Jeafi  that  I  have  feen,  I  fhall  leave  it  as  a  conjectural  hint  only ;  for  neither the S&:tEBeo^VrrA  °rWW  any  teRimony'cf ^heir Signets,  or  Seals,  of  diR'erent  forts,  both  what  the  Italians  nil  r  .  i- have  moft  certainly  been  found  in  or  about  our  city,  in  every  age  fince  the  time*rf  the Romans  ;  but  how  loft  again  or  difperfed  is  uncertain.  Two  or  three  have  61]  '  ? hands  lately  difcovered ;  all  of  whifi,  I  think  curious  enough,  only  to  exhibit  a  draw! mg  of,  but  to  give  a  fhort  difTertation  upon  them. The  fir  ft  was  difcovered  in  the  Mannor  -garden-,  and  had  an  unlucky  ftroke  of  the  fmHpFv V  Z  YlS  “P-,  !t  is  a  **  on  which  is  engraven,  as  I  thmk,  a  kti  ?  the uftd  The  nob  they  had  halt  w.rh  the  imptera  of  their  difierent  bearing”  f,,'."  p,,  ' but  the  commonality  made  ufe  of  any  device  they  thought  proper  to  invem  fo!  rhar  „  ’ pofe.  If  perfons  had  no  proper  feals  of  their  own,  they  o-enerally  procured  rhu  fn  ■  ^Utr fome  more  authentick  feal ,  as  in  the  form  of  feWral  chafmrs  7  P  Sx‘ng  °f This'Vhen^T  r*  l‘nHUS  eJl  inc.°&n'ltum  Meojigtllum - '—apponi  procuravi .  1  J.  hen  niuft  have  been  a  curious  feal  for  the  perfon  infcribed  on  c aud  by  cal]ing  it  fecretum,  the  private  feal,  he  fcemed  to  place  neater  confidence  ° this  than  his  ptlbhck  one.  The  name  of  the  man  R.  Richard  or  Robfrt  d  Se^hH, bably  feme  monk  of  the  abby,  is  Sheepjhead.  Hevcc  is  head  in  the  mom  S  pfxM*  Pr°' foDa^-W,  Gates-head,  Dpeaq-Lep,  G^-hea^to dBSTi-SBSSSSSS- .  ^  Britannia.  See  York;  this  is  one  of  the  arguments  by  Camden  See  alfn  rFon  „■  r  u- t°  prove  Eboracvm  a  colony  as  well  as  a Munuifium  head.  *  f  h  P*  °f  thlS  Work>  on  thl# R  Nero 6l The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book I. Nero  took  from  him,  married,  and  afterwards  killed  with  a  kick  on  the  belly;  when  /he was  with  child  by  the  monfter.  The  ftory  of  Otbo9 s  amours  with  Poppaea  is  related  very fully  in  Tacitus ,  ami.  13,  in  Suetonius,  in  vita  Otbonis ;  and  alfo  in  Plutarch,  vita  Galbae.  By thefe  authorities  it  appears  that  there  was  a  fham  marriage  trumped  up  betwixt  the  two lovers,  in  order  to  prevent  Nero’s  taking  her  from  Otbo ;  the  Romans  holding  it  highly  un¬ lawful  to  take  another  mans  wife  from  him.  But  this  did  not  hinder  the  tyrant  from  com¬ mitting  the  rape  ;  and  ’tis  matter  of  wonder  that  he  let  Otbo  efcape  with  his  life  ;  which he  did,  though  he  fent  him  propraetor ,  into  a  very  remote  province;  a  kind  of  an  ho¬ nourable  banifhment ;  whilft  Nero  enjoyed  the  lady,  and  at  length  difpatched  her  in  the manner  as  has  been  related. This  fatyrical  reprefen tation  has  the  figure  of  a  Priapus  ;  drefied  out  with  all  the  emblems of  lull  imaginable.  It  has  a  cock’s  head  with  the  mouth  open  ;  the  body  of  a  penis  on which  is  planted  Cupid’s  wings;  the  tail  of  a  goat,  and  iatyrs  legs;  the  thighs  of  which plainly  reprefent  the  tejles.  This  ftrange  creature  is  offering  a  bright  flaming  torch,  ora  dart, upon  an  altar  with  one  of  his  feet.  The  infeription  on  the  verge  OTHO  POP  SABI  and underneath  F  C,  thus  read,  Otbo  Poppaeae  Sabinae  facem  conjugalem  [offertf]  or  fome  fuch other  word  ;  the  verb  being  oftner  underftood  then  expreffed  in  longer  Roman  inferiptions than  this. I  muft  here  acknowledge  that  I  was  led  into  the  ftory  and  reading  of  this  feal,  by  that excellent  antiquary  Roger  Gale  Efq;  by  whofe  fugacious  judgment,  in  thefe  matters,  many dark  and  obfeure  inferiptions  have  been  brought  to  light.  It  is  well  known  what  regard the  fuperftitious  Romans ,  efpecially  their  ladies,  paid  to  the  virile  member .  Priapus  the  o-od of  the  gardens  as  he  is  called,  was  furnifhed  with  one  of  an  enormous  fize  ;  which  the  good matrons,  in  their  orgia ,  worfhipped  with  uncommon  veneration.  The  Romans  had  thiso-od and  the  cuftom  of  worfhipping  him  from  the  Egyptians  and  Greeks.  Diodorus  Siculus narrat  Priapi  ritus  originem  duxiffe  apballo ,  quern  confecratum  ab  Ifide  -/Egypt! i  J0lemni  y)0my,CL in  Ofiridis  fejlis  diebus  circumferebant. Origo. Cum  Typhon  Ofyridem  fratrem  ASgypti  regem  membratim  concidijfet ,  Ifis,  mortui  vidua membra  conquifivit  anxie  ;  iff  verpam  forte  repertam  confecravit.  Roma  antiq.  iff  modern. But  though  the  ladies  had  this  god  in  fuch  reverence,  the  men  we  find  by  Horace  made  a jeft  of  it ;  where  he  makes  the  ftatue  fay, Olim  truncus  eram  ficulnus ,  inutile  lignum , Cum  faber  incertus ,  fcaitinum  feceretne  Priapum, Maluit  ejfe  Deum.  Hor.  Sat. Imitated. Once  I  was  common  wood,  a  fhapelefs  log. Thrown  out  a  piffing  poft  for  every  dog. The  workman  flood  confidering,  with  his  tool, Whether  to  make  a  god  or  a  joint-ftool ;  At  length  he  cliofe  a  god. Mounfalicon  has  a  fhort  differtation  on  the  Roman  Priapus ,  which  the  good  father  has wrapped  up  in  the  Latin  tongue,  that  none  but  learned  readers  fhould  underftand  it. I  fhall  follow  his  example,  formodefty  fake,  and  give  aquotationor  two  from  him  in  his own  words.  The  reader  may  obferve  from  hence  that  the  cock’s  head  and  comb,  crijla galli  was  a  common  hieroglyphick  of  luft  amongft  the  Romans. (0)  Monjlrofas  alias  prof anorum  irnpurorumque  hominum  imagines  oculis  caflis  fubjicere  non licet .  quamvis  illae  magno  numero  in  mufaeis  variis  compareant.  Una  ex  imaginibus ,  a  clarif- fimo  viro  Cauceo  public  a  tis,  pretomen  exbibet  hominis  cui  vultus  loco  phallus  apponitur ,  feu ithy phallus,  coronaque  galli  gallinacei  criftae  fimilis,  cum  inferiptione  graeca ,  xsVu*, fervator  mundi. Spurcijfmus  alius  iff  infami  ruv  cu$du>v  execrandus ,  qui  galli  gallinacei  criftam  bar- bamque  habet,  ac  marfupium  manu  tenet,  ideo  Mercurius  Priapus  potejl  did. The  feal  was  found  fomewhere  in  Conyng-flreet,  and  it  was  prelen ted  me  by  Mr.  Beck¬ with  the  jeweler,  Tork.  I  have  caufed  the  drawing  of  it  to  be  taken  juft  as  big  again  as the  Hone  really  is  for  better  obfervation. The  next  is  a  gem  that  I  bought  in  our  city  of  aperfon  in  whofe  family  he  faid  it  had been  above  forty  years;  and  it  was  always  reported  to  him  to  be  found  in  it,  but  where  he could  not  inform  me.  The  ftone  is  a  beautiful  large  onyx ,  with  the  poetical  representation of  Belleropbon ,  Pegafus,  and  Chimaera  cut  upon  it. Upon  fhewing  this  antique  feal  to  Mr.  Gale ,  he  told  me  lie  could  produce  a  drawing  of  the very  lame  intaglio  publi  filed  in  a  book  of  antique  gems,  coins,  iffc.  in  the  ele ft  or  Palatine’s cabinet.  Accordingly  he  fetched  the  book  and  they  exaftly  agreed  in  the  figures  ;  the  diffe¬ rence  only,  this  being  cut  on  an  Onyx,  the  other  on  a  Sardonyx  and  is  fomewhat  larger  (p). (■)  dntiquitalts  ie  Monfaucon.  Tom.  I.  trat.&c.  authors  L.  Begero,  fertnif  elector.  V alat.  Ar.ti- ;  Gem  mat  (s'  nrr.i in  ibej'auro  Palatino  illuf-  quario  cjf  Bthlittb.  Hcidelbergae.  M>DC  LXXXV. The Chap. II.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  63 Theftory  of  Bellerophon  and  Chimaera  is  very  well  known  by  the  connoifeurs  in  clafiical learning.  The  monfter  is  reprefented  to  have Caudaque  ferpentis ,  capuique  leonae. A  lyoneffe’s  head  and  ferpent’s  tail. Again, Qui  fieri  potuit  triplici  cum  corpore  &  und Primo  leo,  pofiremo  draco,  medio  ipfa  Chimaera, Ore  foras  acrem  flaret  de  corpore  fiammam . Who  moves  its  triple  body  join’d  in  one A  Jyon’s  head,  behind  a  dragon  lliewn. Chimera  does  ufurp  the  middle  fpace  ; And  flames  of  fire  come  darting  from  its  face. The  plate  reprefents  both. About  two  years  ago  was  found  in  JValmgate ,  York ,  I  think  in  digging  a  cellar,  the  lit¬ tle  image  reprefented,  in  the  plate. It  is  certainly  an  image  o t  Chronus  tempus,  or  Saturn ;  but  whether  Roman  or  no  is  un-FiS-  i S,  9 * . certain.  Though  a  particular  elegance  in  it,  as  well  as  the  mixed  metal  it  is  caft  with, denotes  it  of  Roman  workmanfhip.  If  fo,  this  image  has  in  all  probability  been  one  of  their Penates  or  houfehold-gods.  A  hollownefs  within  feems  to  fhew  as  if  it  had  been  fet  upon a  prop  for  chamber  worfhip.  But  I  leave  the  figures  as  drawn  in  both  views  to  the  rea¬ der’s  judgement. By  an  accident  of  opening  a  large  piece  of  ground  to  dig  clay  for  bricks,  betwixt  Boo - tham  and  Clifton ,  on  the  left  hand,  at  about  half  a  quarter  of  a  mile  diftance  from  the  city, have  been  difclofed  and  thrown  up  feveral  of  their  Sarcophagi ,  or  flone  coffins  •,  and  a  great quantity  of  urns,  of  different  colours,  fizes  and  fhapes.  The  law  of  the  twelve  tables  ex¬ prefly  fays  hominem  mortuum  in  urbe,  ne  fepelito  neve  urito ,  which  ordained  that  the  dead, and  the  rites  belonging  to  them,  fhould  be  removed  to  fome  diftance  from  the  city. This  law,  which  they  likewife  had  from  the  Greeks^  the  Athenians  were  ftriift  in;  but  we are  told  the  Romans  frequently  difpenfed  with  it.  What  was  then  pra6tifed  at  Rome ,  we may  believe  was  the  fame  at  York  ;  and  indeed,  I  never  heard  of  any  urns  being  found within,  though  many  hundreds,  I  may  fay,  have  been  difcovered  without  the  city.  Stone coffins ,  indeed,  have  been  frequently  dug  up,  and  fome  monuments  difcovered;  as  Lvcivs Dvccivs,  &c-,  but  no  urns  that  I  ever  heard  of.  It  is  natural  to  fuppofe  that  they  lighted their  funeral  piles  extra  urbem  ;  and  we  are  told  by  Iierodian  that  the  Campvs  Mart  is  wag' the  common  place  for  fuch  folemnities.  This  place  which  was  formerly  an  open  field,  is now  the  principal  part  of  new  Rome  ;  and  if  the  reader  will  re-examine  the  draught  of  Ro¬ mulus's  wall,  and  the  campus  martis  without  it,  which  I  have  given  from  Donatus ,  he  will find  that  it  exactly  eorrefponds  with  our  burial  place  at  York.  Clifton  fields  have  not  been enclofed  a  century  ;  and  were  formerly  open  enough  to  have  been  the  Campvs  Marti  vs  to Eboracvm.  There  is  a  plain  tumulus ,  beyond  the  brickhilns,  on  which  a  wind  miln  has been  placed  ;  and  no  doubt  if  the  ground  was  to  be  opened  that  way  feveral  more  buried  re¬ mains  would  be  difcovered.  The  gate  which  leads  to  this  grand  repofitory  of  their  dead, is  called  Bootham-bar ;  which  name,  our  learned  dean  Gale  obferved,  might  be  deduced from  the  Britjb  word  Boelh,  which  fignifies  burning ;  as  a  gate  out  of  which  the  Romans uled  to  bum  their  dead.  I  fhall  not  contradift  this  etymology,  it  is  apt  enough,  and did  not  another  bid  much  fairer  lor  it,  which  I  muft  mention  in  the  fequel,  it  would  do  us a  great  deal  of  honour.  But  be  that  as  it  may,  the  place  I  have  defcribed,  was  moft  cer¬ tainly,  in  their  time,  a  common  place  of  interment  on  this  fide  the  city;  though  by  what follows,  it  will  appear  that  in  others  parts,  extra  muros,  urns,  &c.  have  been  difcovered ; which  ffiews  that  if  the  like  accident  of  digging  fhould  happen  elfewhere,  the  fame  cu- riofities  might  be  found,  though  perhaps  not  in  fuch  quantities. What  has  been  remarked  by  Dr.  Lifer ,  Mr.  Thorefiy,  &c.  and  fent  up  to  the  Royal Society,  concerning  thefe  fepulchral  repofitories  of  the  ancients,  fhall  be  given  in  their  own words  ;  which  with  fome  further  difcoveries  and  obfervations  of  my  own,  will  difmifs  the whole  affair. And  firft  the  learned  Dr. “  (q)  Here  are  found  at  York ,  in  the  road  or  Roman  ftreet,  out  of  Micklegate ,  and 41  likewife  by  the  river  fide  where  the  Brick-kilns  now  are,  urns  of  three  different  tempers, viz.  1.  Urns  of  a  blcwifh gray  colour ,  having  a  great  quantity  of  coarfe  find  wrought  in with  the  clay.  2.  Others  of  the  fame  colour  having  either  a  very  fine  fand  mixed  with “  it  full  of  mica,  or  cat  filver,  or  made  of  clay  naturally  fandy.  3.  Red  urns  of  fine  clay, “  with  little  or  no  fand  in  it.  Thefe  laft  are  quite  throughout  of  a  red  colour  like  fine f/)  Ab.  of  the  phyl  tr.nf.  r.  3. 44  bole. 4 64  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book I. “  bole.  Alfo  many  of  thefe  red  pots  are  elegantly  adorned  with  figures  in  bajfo  relievo ; “  and  ufually  the  workman’s  name,  which,  I  think,  others  havemiftaken  for  the  perfon*s 44  name  buried  there,  upon  the  bottom  or  cover  as  Ianarivs,  and  fuch  like;  but  that “  very  name  I  have  leen  upon  feveral  pots  both  here  and  at  Aldburgb ;  after  all,  thefe  are “  glazed  infide  and  out  with  a  kind  of  varnifii  of  a  bright  coral  colour. 44  The  compofition  of  the  fi rft  kind  of  pots  did  firft  give  me  occafion  to  difeover  the “  places  where  they  were  made.  The  one  about  the  midway  betwixt  IVilberfofs  and  Barnby “  on  the  moor ,  fix  miles  from  York,  in  the  fand  hills  or  rifing  ground  where  now  the  warren 44  is;  where  I  have  found  fcattered  widely  up  and  down,  broken  pieces  of  urns,  flao-  and 44  cinders.  The  other  is  on  the  fand  hills ,  at  Sant  on  near  Brigg  in  Lincolnjhire. I  fhall  omit  what  the  Dr.  obferves  further  on  thefe  fort  of  urns,  and  give  Mr.  Torejly's account  who  followed  him. 44  (r)  I  have  added  to  my  Roman  curiofities  two  entire  urns,  both  of  the  blewijh  gray 44  colour,  of  different  forms,  with  fome  of  the  burnt  bones  in  them ;  the  leffer  of  them  is 44  almoft  in  the  form  of  the  Roman  fimpulum  or  guttus,  and  by  the  narrownefs  of  the  neck 44  feems  rather  to  have  been  a  kind  ot  lacrimalory ,  or  vefiel  for  fome  kind  of  liquid  mat- 44  ter  rather  than  afhes.  I  have  likewife  part  of  an  aquaeduR,  which  is  turned  in  form  of 44  a  ferew  on  the  infide,  has  a  narrow  neck  at  one  end  to  put  into  the  open  end  of  the 44  next,  and  feveral  of  thefe  each  a  foot  long  and  four  inches  broad  were  found  thus  placed 44  in  the  Roman  burial  place  at  York ,  by  the  river  fide  out  of  Bootham-bar ,  which  was  in- 44  difputably  the  place  the  Romans  made  ufe  of  for  that  end,  as  appears  by  the  great  num- 44  ber  of  urns  frequently  there  found  when  they  dig  the  clay  for  bricks.  And  that  it 44  continued  the  place  of  their  fepulture,  after  that  cuftom  of  burning,  introduced  in  the 44  tyrannous  didlatorfliip >  of  Sylla,  was  abolilhed,  is  evident  by  a  remarkable  Hypogaeum, 44  without  any  urns  in  it,  difeovered  Jaft  winter,  1696;  it  was  large  enough  to  contain 44  two  or  three  corpfes,  and  was  paved  with  brick  nigh  two  inches  thick,  eight  in  breadth 44  and  length  being  equilaterally  fquare ;  upon  which  was  a  fecond  pavement  of  the  fame 44  Roman  brick,  to  cover  the  feams  of  the  lower,  and  prevent  the  working  up  of  vermin. 44  But  thofe  that  covered  the  vault  were  the  moft  remarkable  that  I  ever  law,  being  about 44  two  foot  fquare,  and  of  a  proportionable  thicknefs.”  Again, 44  (s)  I  have  procured  part  of  the  bottom,  which  confilted  of  feveral  fuch  pieces,  for “  the  convenience  of  baking,  of  an  old  Roman  coffin,  which  was  lately  dug  up  in  their ‘c  burying  place  out  of  Bootham-bar  at  York.  ’Tis  of  the  red  clay,  but  not  lb  fine  as  the 44  urns,  having  a  greater  quantity  of  courfe  fand  wrought  up  in  the  clay.  As  to  the 44  form,  which  is  entire  as  it  was  at  firft  moulded,  it  is  fourteen  inches  and  a  half  long 41  and  eleven  broad,  at  the  narrow  end,  and  nigh  twelve  and  a  half  at  the  broader;  this 44  was  the  lowed  part  for  the  feet,  and  the  reft  were  proportionably  broader  till  it  came 44  to  the  fhoulder;  it  is  an  inch  thick  befides  the  ledges,  which  are  one  broad  and  two 44  thick,  and  extend  from  the  bottom  of  either  fide  to  within  three  inches  of  the  top, 44  where  it  is  wholly  flat  and  fomewhat  thinner  for  the  next  to  lie  upon  it;  which  feveral 44  parts  were  thus  joined  together  by  fome  pin  I  prefume,  for  at  the  end  of  each  tile  is  a 44  hole  that  would  receive  a  common  Hate  pin.  Thefe  edges  are  wrought  a  little  hollow, 44  I  fuppofe  to  receive  the  fides,  and  at  the  feet  are  two  contrary  notches  to  fallen  the  end 44  piece.  This  bottom,  I  ffiould  conclude  to  have  confifted  chiefly  of  eight  fuch  parts, 44  from  a  like  character  8  impreft  upon  the  clay  by  the  Sandapilarius's  finger  before  its  baking, 44  but  that  I  fomewhat  doubt  whether  numeral  figures  be  of  that  antiquity  in  thefe  European 44  parts.  I  got  alfo  fome  fears  of  broken  urns  dug  up  in  Mr.  Giles's  garden,  which  are 44  of  the  fineft  clay  that  I  have  ever  feen,  with  which  was  found  a  Roman  Shuttle ,  about 44  three  inches  and  a  half  long  but  not  one  broad  in  the  very  middle;  the  hollow  for  the 44  licium  being  but  one  fourth  of  an  inch  in  the  broadeft  part,  fhews  that  it  was  for  filk 44  or  very  fine  linen. At  the  fame  place  the  aforefaid  author  gives  this  account  of  another  difeovery.  44  They <4  have  lately  found  a  very  remarkable  lead  coffin^  which  was  about  feven  foot  long,  was 44  enclofed  in  a  prodigious  ftrong  one  made  of  oak  planks  about  two  inches  and  a  half  thick, 44  which,  befides  the  rivettings,  were  tacked  together  with  braggs  or  great  iron  nails: 44  the  nails  were  four  inches  long,  the  heads  not  die- wife  as  the  large  nails  now  are,  but 44  perfectly  flat  and  an  inch  broad.  Many  of  them  are  almoft  confumed  with  ruft,  and 44  lb  is  the  outfide  of  the  planks,  but  the  heart  of  the  oak  is  firm  and  the  lead  frefh  and 44  pliable;  whereas  one  found  a  year  ago,  1701,  is  brittle  and  almoft  wholly  confumed, 44  having  no  planks  to  guard  it.  The  bones  are  light  and  entire,  though  probably  enter- 44  red  1500  years  ago,  for  it  is  above  fo  many  centuries  fince  that  cuftom  of  burning  gave 44  place  to  that  more  natural  one  of  interring  the  dead  ;  which  according  to  Monfieur  Mu- 44  ret  was  re-introduced  by  the  Antonines.  I  have  a  thigh  bone  which  is  wonderfully  light, 44  and  the  lower-jaw  which  was  furniffied  with  all  its  teeth.  Th t  double  coffins  were  fo  heavy 44  that  they  were  forced  to  drag  them  out  of  the  dormitory  with  a  team  of  oxen. (j)  Ab.  -of  the  phyl.  trans.  v-  3.  (s)  Idem-  v.  5.  ed.  Jones. (r  An r  :  .  •  :•  .0 ■'  ui  >0>  •  AH EX  Aere  ELE  GANTTS  SIMVM eboraco  repertvm HODIE  IN  MVSiEO  ROGERI  GALE  ARM  S.RL.Pr S4n?7)n‘.MJ)CCXXXVI.  f.-Krtu*  M, i  .W,,. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. 65 Chap.  II. :  T'f  v*  T  fur? » i- »  tntf&TtztXz the  “lour  of  clay  when  burnt.  The  potters  part  is  well  perform’d  the  face being  bofs  d  from  within  with  a  finger,  when  upon  the  whPPl  r  h  ,  tace “  red  Paint  about  curls  of  the  head  and  eye-brows^  and  two  red  threads  ok^  ,ftf°kes  f -  SHKSSES — '  “  *■'  —•  *  f“  -i»"  *»  -  tat Some  other  kinds  of  urns ,  &V.  were  found  it  97,**  j  „  1  ,  , quaries  mufaenm.  Thefe  he  has  though  fit  to  ifus ’thtw  of P  and  Z  °\  M* omit  nothing  that  may  illuftrate  my  fubjeft,  I  have  added  them  to  mine!  m  ^  P  *° Roman  curiofities  found  at  York,  and  were  in  Mr.  Thorefif  s  mufatum. The  Roman  brick.  Leg.  ix.  vie. Fig.  21.  A  Roman  Key ,  made  in  the  form  of  a  ring  to  wear  tmon  the  fino-or  r  a  l Brick-kilns  out  of  Bootham-bar.  °  P  fi°ger 5  f°Und  at  the  p^ri 22.  A  Fibula  vejliaria  found  at  the  lame  place. 2}.  A  Roman  Bracelet,  of  copper  wreathed,  found  in  ttffo  tiypgaeum  already  deferibed iork,  being  eight  inches  in  circumference.  S  •  aelcribed, 24.  A  bead  of  earth  curioufiy  wrought. **££*  blUe  Slafs  with  white  'r™kes  °f*b«  fort  called  adder  heads,  or  druids ^aftefokl"  *“■>  red>  and  dark  b1”'  All  thefe  found  at  the  place 27.  A  fepulchral  urn  containing  near  a  gallon. ail.  Another  near  a  quart. 29.  A  fmall  one  full  of  the  allies  of  a  child. 30.  A  fmall  red  urn. 31.  One  of  blue. 32.  Another  of  a  ditferent  form. 33-  One  ol  thofe  commonly  called  Lacrimatorys. 34.  One  of  white  clay. 35.  A  red  pottle  containing  half  a  congmi. 36.  Part  of  a  vefiel  that  feems  to  have  been  a  Patera. 37*  One  of  the  parts  of  a  Roman  aqucduFl. All  difeovered  near  the  hrieh-hilns  afore&id which had  an  opportunity  to  get  drawings  of  them.  ’  ’  “  but  1  ,lave  Ilor But  amongft  the  many  Roman  curiofities  found  at  .  . none  deferves  a  place  in  this  work  better  than  tlfis  anL  h  ^  ^re a  draught  of;  as  large  as  the  original  It  was  found  in  ditf™  ^  1,  WhlCh,  here  «hib« the  ruins  of  the  abbey  of  St.  Mary’s  Tork  about  rwentv  “  *  CC  “t  C  “  ^annor,  or is  preferved  by  Roger  Gale,  Efq-  that  acntlemin  (linn  r  t  ^is  aS°:  was  given  to  and dels  in  all  their  tlology  to  Si ‘ drawn  and  engraven  by  that  very  ingenious  arrifi  in  fKi!  l  V  tr  ,  P  ’  whlch  was member  of  the  fociety  of  antiquaries^  London  Thhl  k,nd  ofl Tcuipture,  Mr.  Virtue  ; work  by  Mr.  Gale  ;  as  a  Lifting  memorial  of  i?la/etgalce  fXngenuftf' ^  ^ ftill  daily  difeovered.7  Entim  urns  either  bv thZ ?  -°!  u™>  are’  whcn  theySig.- leinefs,  are  fddom  preferved;  but  any  one  that  preafes'mav' inTdf  ”  T  Iabo.urer’s  a-re- a  large  quantity  ol  fragments.  Amongft  which  h  have  nick’d  h?Ur-S  tlme  gathfT black  colour,  which  adds  a  fourth  fort  of  urns  to  Dr Lifter’s  obfervatfon  IT  “ for  urns,  the  floor  covered  witli  white  fand,  two  Sarcothali  n TZZ  *  R  ‘  f ave difeovered;  m  which  laft  the  bones  were  found  vervlio-ffe/uu  u  *nS’  were  iateIy of  burning  their  dead,  by  the  Romans  is  faid  to  hLA  r  A  hn.11  entlre-  Thecuftom tonines.  But  we  have  good  authority  to  believe  that  It  dTd  not^h'u  th"  cmp‘re  °f  the  An~ till  the  empire  became  cbrijlian  (u)  And  though  thi?  wboPy  ceale  amongft  them Of  performing  their  fepu/chra/  rites  ™  ^ yet  it  was  then  held  in  abhorrence  by  feveral  other  nations  Tr  C  u  t'ld  Roma»G cuhar  care  oi  the  ancients  to  invent  proper  methods  tl  pre'ferve  h  bcen  thc  Pe‘ (/)  lim  v.  5.  edit.  Jmi. 1«)  loh.  Kirkmannus  iefuntribu:  Romaaonim.  &c. ®  dergoes 66 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book I. dereoes  a  change  after  death,  and  will  come  to  a  total  diffolution  ;  the  bones  not  excepted, unlefs  prevented  by  art.  What  care  and  pains  mud  the  Egyptians  have  taken  to  preferve their  Ptolemys ,  £*.  fome  thoufands  of  years,  in  the  manner  as  they  are  found  at  this  day? The  Romans,  tis  true,  confumed  the  body,  but  by  the  calcination  of  the  bones  belonging to  it,  fome  identical  part  of  the  man  might  be  preferved  to  all  eternity.  1  hofe  burnt  afhes, if  carefully  preferved,  can  undergo  no  other  change;  and  powder’d  and  mixed  up  pro¬ perly,  they  make  the  ftrongeft  cement  that  is  poffible  to  be  compofed.  V,  hen  the  cullom of  burning  intermitted,  the  care  of  preferving  the  remains  of  their  friends  and  relations  dill continued;  for  then  they  took  care  to  bury  their  bodies  in  huge  ( x )  done  coffins,  ot  the eritt  kind  ;  which  by  its  porofity,  would  let  the  liquid  part  filt.  e  through,  and  at  the  lame time  preferve  the  folid.  Or  they  dug  graves  out  ot  a  folid  rock  or  chalk,  large  enough fometimes  for  the  interment  of  a  family;  of  which  fort  I  have  ken  at  Lvu  oln  and  Isol¬ de  (burgh  or  elfe  built  fuch  fepulchers  for  the  prefervation  of  their  dead,  where  the  rock  was  a wanting,  as  are  defcribed  above,  by  Mr.  Thorejby ,  to  have  been  found  in  our  Roman  burial place  at  York.  And  there  is  no  doubt  but  when  the  reft  of  this  ground  comes  to  be  laid open,  feveral  more  Roman  fepultures  will  be  difcovered  in  it. Nor,  as  I  hinted  before,  was  this  laft  mentioned  place  the  only  one  about  our  city  where urns  and  ftone  coffins  are  found.  For  in  feveral  other  parts,  where  they  have  had  occafi- on  to  dio-  deep,  they  have  been  difcovered.  Particularly,  a  tew  years  ago  was  dug  up  near the  mount ,  out  of  Mickle -gate-bar,  a  glafs  and  a  leaden  urn,  the  only  one  of  that  tort  that I  ever  heard  of.  The  glafs  urn  was  broke  into  two  or  three  pieces,  but  thofe  I  got  and  pre¬ ferved  ;  it  was  coated  on  the  infide  with  a  fort  of  a  blueifh  filver  colour,  like  that  of  a looking-glafs ;  and  is  what  our  philofophers  call  the  eleltrum  of  the  ancients.  The  leaden one  was  immediately  fold,  by  the  workmen  who  found  it,  to  a  plummer ;  whofe  igno¬ rance  fuffered  him  to  beat  it  together,  and  melt  it  down,  before  I  was  informed  ot  the accident.  A  ftupidity  very  common,  but  unpardonable  by  an  antiquary. And  now,  having  conduced  this  brave  race  of  men  to  their  graves  ;  I  cannot  leave them  at  a  fuller  period.  And,  indeed,  it  was  not  long  after  their  deferring  Britain ,  that the  fometime  dreadful  Roman  name  and  arm,  which,  for  many  ages,  had  fpread  terror  and conqueft  through  the  then  known  world,  was  torn  in  pieces,  loft,  funk,  and  buried  in  an abyfs  never  to  rife  again.  Rome  is  ftill  in  Italy ,  and  Eboracvm  is  York-,  but  alas!  how mutilated  from  both  their  former  ftates  may  be  eafily  conje&ured.  I  fhall  beg  leave conclude  this  head  with  two  lines  of  an  old  poet,  in  a  reflexion  of  his  on  the  deitruCtion of  Carthage (y)  &  querimur,  genus  infelix  !  human $  labors. Membra  aevo,  cum  regno  palam  moriantur,  &  urbes. Unhappy  men  !  to  mourn  our  lives  lhort  date, When  cities ,  realms  and  empires  fhare  our  fate. (x)  Mounfaucon  has  a  learned  differtation  of  the  Roman Sarcophagi,  and  places  of  fepulturc.  See  t.  5. (y)  Jacob  Sannazar.  dc  partu  virg. Chap.  III. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. 67 CHAP.  III. The  flate  of  the  city  from  the  Romans  leaving  the  ifland  to  the  cal¬ ling  over  the  Saxons ;  and  quite  through  the  Heptarchy,  c.  to  the Norman  conquefi. AFter  a  courfe  of  near  five  hundred  years,  the  Romans  left  the  ifland  ;  if  we  reckon  from Caefar' s  firft  attempt  on  it ;  or  about  four  hundred  from  the  conqueft  by  Claudius. In  the  reign  of  Theodofius  jun.  the  Roman  empire  funk  fo  fait,  that  Britain  was  totally  neg¬ lected  •,  the  laft  lieutenant  AEtius ,  who  had  been  fent  over  to  defend  them  from  their  old  A invaders,  at  his  departure  advifed  the  Britons  to  jl and  to  their  arms  \  he  upon  their  guard CCCCXXX. themfelves,  and  for  the  future  provide  for  their  own  fafety  -,  for  they  mujl  never  more  expett  any fuccours  from  them ,  who  had  their  hands  full  enough  of  troubles  nearer  home. And  now,  fays  an  old  Britifh  hiftorian  (a),  the  Scots  and  Pitts  with  greater  confidence than  ever,  like  flies  and  vermin  in  the  heat  of  fummer ,  iffued  out  of  their  narrow  holes  and caves,  and  immediately  feized  on  all  the  country  as  far  as  the  wall  •,  which  without  refiftance they  made  themfelves  mailers  of.  In  the  mean  time  the  guards  on  the  wall,  inftead  of  pre¬ paring  to  receive  their  enemies  with  vigour  and  courage,  like  idle  fpeClators  flood  trem¬ bling  on  it ;  and  fuffered  themfelves  to  be  pulled  down  with  hooks  from  the  top  of  it.  It was  not  long  before  their  enemies  had  undermined  and  broken  thofe  mighty  ramparts  the Romans  had  built  for  their  defence-,  and  then  like  an  irrefiftible  torrent  rufhed  in  and  bore down  all  before  them.  The  poor  difpirited  Britons  were  driven  like  fheep,  and  flaugh- tered  without  mercy.  In  this  dreadful  calamity  they  call  aloud  on  their  old  friends  to  help and  fupport  them  and  in  a  moll  moving  letter  fent  to  AEtius  governour  of  Gaul ,  they cry  (b),  we  know  not  which  way  to  turn  us ;  the  Barbarians  drive  us  to  the  fea,  and  the  fea hack  to  the  Barbarians.  Thus  of  two  kinds  of  death  always  prefent  before  our  eyes ,  one  or  other mujl  be  our  choice ,  either  to  be  fwallowed  up  by  the  waves  or  butchered  by  the  fword. There  is  a  very  good  reafon  to  be  given  for  this  difpiritednefs  of  the  Britons  at  this  junc¬ ture.  The  Romans  had  drained  the  country  of  their  ablefl  men-,  and  the  reft  which  ftaid, they  never  would  fuffer  to  bear  arms  ;  out  of  a  politick  view,  whilfl  they  were  amongfl them.  How  is  it  poflible,  then,  without  difcipline  and  without  arms,  but  their  courage mufl  alfo  forfake  them?  yet  we  fhall  find  thefe  daflardly  creatures  recover  their  fpirits, and  treat  their  enemies  in  another  manner  fhortly. In  this  general  calamity  our  city  mufl  have  had  a  mighty  fhare  fall  to  its  lot.  It  had been  always  a  place  from  whence  the  Barbarians  received  their  ftrongefl  repulfes ;  a  ftation which  the  Romans  chofe  to  plant  part  of  the  flower  of  their  army  in  j  as  a  garrifon  to  curb and  reftrain  the  inroads  of  thefe  depredators  and  therefore  mufl  inevitably  feel  their  fierceft vengeance.  But  we  are  here  in  dumb  forrow,  and  loft  in  the  general  confufion.  In  this calamity  the  Britifh  princes  afiembled,  and  in  council  with  the  other  great  men  of  the  ifland, it  was  determined  that  fince  they  were  to  expeft  no  fuccour  from  the  Roman  arm,  to  call in  the  Saxon  -,  which  at  that  time  held  the  higheft  repute  for  ftrength  and  valour ;  in  order  to Item  this  torrent  of  their  mercilefs  enemies,  who  had  now  well  nigh  over-run  the  whole ifland.  They  can  never  be  blamed  for  this  refolution,  the  exigencies  of  their  affairs  re¬ quired  it-,  nor  would  the  confequence  have  been -any  ways  to  their  difadvantage,  had  not  Vorti- gern ,  their  inconfiderate  king,  inftead  of  giving  the  Saxons  the  ftipulated  pay,  and  fending them  home  again  after  they  had  done  their  work,  allowed  them  a  fettlement  in  the  ifland. From  this  fatal  epocha,  and  Vortegern' s  fottifh  marriage  with  the  Saxon  general’s  daughter, we  may  date  the  beginning  of  the  utter  deftru6lion  of  the  Britifh  name  and  people.  For though  feveral  of  their  kings,  contended,  inch  by  inch,  for  the  prefervation  of  their  coun¬ try  from  thefe  rapacious  foreigners  -,  yet  they  having  found  a  much  better  part  of  the world  than  they  left,  made  all  the  efforts  imaginable  to  poffefs  themfelves  of  it.  And  after all  the  vigorous  ftruggles  for  liberty,  and  after  amoft  refolute  defence  of  their  country,  the Britons  were  forced  at  laft  to  give  up  all,  to  the  very  people  they  had  called  in  to  de¬ fend  it. The  defcription  which  old  Gildas  gives  of  the  ftrength  of  the  ifland,  when  the  Romans left  it,  is  very  great  -,  for  he  Fays  it  was  fortified  with  twenty  eight  cities,  befides  many caftles,  fortreffes,  towers,  gates  and  other  buildings.  A  lift  of  the  Britifh  names  of  thefe (a)  Gildas.  —repellit  ad  Earbaros.  Inter  beec  or  iuntur  duo  genera  fu- (b)  AETIO  III  CON.  gemitus  Britannorum,  pofl  nerum  aut  jugulamur  aui  mergimur.  Gildae  fapient.  bijt. fauca  querentes  inquiuut,  repellunt  nos  Barbari  ad  mare ,  ed.  Gale  inter  fcript ,  Ang.  xv. cities. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. cities,  as  they  are  fet  down  by  Nennius ,  H.  Huntingdon,  (Ac.  may  not  be  amifs  in  this place;  becaufe,  in  this  account,  ours  has  the  preeminence  of  the  whole  (c).  - ( d )  Nomina  urbium  Britannicarum  ex  Nennio,  Henrico  Huntingdon,  Alfred.  Beverlacenfi, (A  aids  colled  aneis. He  nobilibus  civitatibus  Britonum.  Erat  autem  Britannia  quondam  civitatibus  viginti  (A otto  nobiVifftmis  inftgnita ,  praeter  cajlella  intlumera ,  qucs  (A  ip  fa  muris ,  turribus ,  partis  ac  feris erant  inftruda  ftrmiffimis. Civitatum  quoque  nornina  haec  erant  Britanice. Kair-Ebranc,  i.  e. — • Ebor ACVM. Kair-Chent  - Cantu  aria. Ivair-Gorangen  — IVigornia. Kair-Lundune - Londonia. Kair-Legion  - Leiceftria. Kair-Collen  - - - Coleceftria. Kair-Glou  - Glouceftria. Kair-Cei  - Ciceftria. Kair-Briftou  - Briftol. Kair-Cerin  - Cerinceftria. Kair-Gueht  - - JVinceftria. Kair-Graunt  - Canlabrigia. Kair- Leon  - - - Carliel. Kair-Dauri  - Doreceftria. Kair-Dorm - Kair-Loichoit  — Kair-Merdin  - Kair-Guorcon  — Kair-Cucerat Kair-Guortigern Kair-Urnac Kair-Meguaid Kair-Peris  — — Kair-Drayton Kair-Celemion Kair-Licelid Kair- Legion  * - Kair-Mercipit Dormceaftria. Lincolnia. Caer  mar  then. Portcejtre. "  In  qua  fuit  Arebiep. temp.  Briton.  Jed  nunc  ae- ftruda  ;  ubi  Ufca  cadit  in Sabrinam. Now  to  our  annals.  It  was  not  long  after  the  Britons  had  called  over  the  Saxons ,  that they  felt  the  fling  of  the  fnake  which  they  had  taken  into  their  bofom.  The  Pifts  and Scots  had  perfectly  fubdued  all  the  country  north  of  Humber  *,  fo  that  our  city  lay  as  it were  buried  in  its  own  ruins  fo  deep,  that  I  fhould  not  know  where  to  find  it,  had  not the  Scotch  ’hiftorians  lent  me  fome  light-,  who  are  very  particular  in  the  defcription  of  their countrymens  conquefts,  as  they  are  pleafcd  to  call  them,  at  this  time. Ilengijl  the  Saxon  general,  upon  his  arrival  in  Britain  with  his  army,  immediately marched  againfl  the  enemy,  and  near  unto  York ,  fays  my  authorities  (e),  a  bloody  battle was  fought,  wherein  the  Saxons  had  the  better,  flew  a  great  number  of  the  Pids  and  Scots, took  from  them  the  city  of  York  and  all  the  country  on  this  fide  the  river  Yeefe.  The  blow wkSio  great,  that  had  the  Saxon  general  followed  it,  the  war  would  quickly  have  been  at an  end  ;  but  this  leader  of  auxiliary  troops ,  was  too  wife  and  politick  to  adt  in  that  man¬ ner  for  not  willing,  fays  H.  Boetius ,  to  drive  the  Scots  and  Pitls  quite  home  again  ;  which Was  to  knock  the  war  on  the  head  all  at  once  he  chofe  rather  to  withdraw  his  army  :o  the city  of  York,  where  he  ftaid  fome  time  to  refrefh,  as  he  pretended,  his  wearied  troops. Soon  after  this  when  the  deluded  Britons  began  to  frnell  out  the  &mwjdefign,  and  had Tent  for  Aurelius  Ambrofius  from  Armorica,  to  defend  them  from  this  undreamt-of  danger; the  fubtle  Hengift  privately  fent  down  his  fon  Occa,  in  order  to  fecure  all  the  northern  for- trefles,  but  efpccially  York  (f).  The  fon  obeyed  the  father’s  inftrudtions,  and  at  York feigned  actuations  againfl  many  of  the  nobility,  gentry  and  principal  inhabitants  of  the city  and  country,  that  they  had  a  defign  to  betray  their  own  country  into  the  hands  of  the enemies  they  had  juft  got  rid  off;  and,  upon  this  ftrange  pretence,  put  many  of  them fo  death,  fome  Tecretly,  others  openly,  as  actually  convicted  of  the  treafons  laid  to  their charge. This  villahous  affair  was  relented  as  it  deferved.  Th e  Britons,  rouzed  from  their  lethargy, and  having  an  able  and  an  experienced  general  of  their  own  natural  royal  flock  at  their  head, 'Vortimcr  the  fon  of  Vortigern,  before  the  arrival  of  Ambrofius ,  fell  upon  the  Saxons ,  and  defeated them  in  four  feveral  battles.  This  leader  flew  fuch  numbers  of  them,  that,  had  they  not fprung  up  like  Hydra' s  heads,  and  poured  in  frefti  fupplies  from  their  inexhauftible  fprings in  Germany,  their  total  expul fion  muft  have  been  inevitable. Linder  the  conduct  of  their  victorious  king,  Aurelius  Ambrofius,  Hengift  the  Saxon  gene¬ ral  rrtet  his  fate ;  being  flain  at  Conyngftmrg,  according  to  G.  Mon.  after  a  moft  obftinate and  bloody  battle.  His  two  fons  Occa,  or  Out  a,  and  Eofa  fled  with  the  fhattered  remains of  their  army  more  northward  -,  the  former  to  York,  and  Eofa  to  the  city  of  Aclud ;  Aldburgh. Aurelius  quickly  perilled  them  and  coming  before  York  Summoned  Oda  to  furrender  (g). The  young  prince,  terrified  no  doubt  by  his  father’s  fate,  confulted  with  his  friends  fome (c)  In  the  other  Britijb  catalogues  Kaer  Ebranc  is  only the  fourth  in  number,  but  it  always  preceeds  Kaer  Lun- dune;  which,  in  Nennius  his  own  catalogue,  comes  but in  as  the  twentieth.  Vide  Nennium,  inter  xv.  feript. cd,  Gele. (d)  Inter  feript.  xx.  ed.  Gale. \e)  Hotlinp/head's  Scotch  chron.  Bucbani  ktft. (/)  Scotch  chron. [g)  G.  Men.  R.Higden.  Polichron. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. 69 A. CCCCLXVl. Chap.  II. time  whether  he  fhould  {land  a  liege  or  not  ?  at  length  determining  to  try  the  vigor’s  clemen¬ cy,  he  came  out  of  the  city  with  his  principal  captains,  carrying,  each  a  chain  in  his  hand, and  dull  upon  his  head,  and  prefented  himfelf  to  the  king  with  this  addrel's ;  my  Gods  are vanquifhed,-  and  I  doubt  ml  but  the  fovereign  power  is  in  your  God ;  who  has  compell'd  fo  many' noble  perfons  to  come  before  you  in  this  fuppliant  manner ;  be  pleafed  therefore  to  accept  of  us  and this  chain ;  if  you  do  not  think  us  ft  objetts  of  your  clemency ,  we  here  prefent  our  felves  ready  to be  fettered,  and  are  willing  to  undergo  any  punijhment  you  Jhall  judge  us  worthy  of.  Aurelius who  had  equally  the  charafter  of  a  merciful  as  well  as  a  valiant  prince,  could  not  hear this  without  being  moved ;  and  being  touched  with  companion  at  the  fpeftacle,  after  ad- vifing  with  his  counfellors  what  to  do  with  them,  at  the  inftigation  of  a  Bijhop,  fays  Geofry he  granted  free  pardon  to  them  all.  The  other  brother  encouraged  by  Offa’s  fuccefs,  came to  York,  furrendred  himfelf  in  like  manner,  and  met  with  the  fame  reception.  Nay  more this  generous  viftor  affigned  them  the  country  bordering  on  Scotland  for  refidence,  and  made ;i  firm  league  and  alliance  with  them. If  it  wasconfonant  to  my  defign  to  flop  to  make  reflexions,  I  fhould  undoubted  cen- fure  the  extraordinary  clemency  of  the  Britifh  king  to  the  moll  barbarous  and  dangerous toes  he  had  in  the  world.  To  have  banifhed  them  and  all  their  brood,  would  now  be judged  ill  policy,  becaufe  they  fo  well  knew  the  way  back;  but  to  fuffer  the  vipers  to rtay  and  nelt  in  the  land  is  an  aft  of  clemency  beyond  credit ;  did  not  more  writers  than he  of  Monmouth ,  as  Milton  always  flyles  him,  atteft  the  truth  of  it.  The  confequenc’e  will ihew  the  bad  effefts  of  this  too  charitable  proceeding. ( h )  His  pagan  enemies  being  now  fubdued,  Aurelius  fummoned  all  the  princes  and  no¬ bility  of  the  whole  kingdom  to  York.  At  this  general  council  he  gave  orders  to  them  for the  fpeedy  reftauration  of  the  church  and  its  worfhip  ;  which  the  heathenifh  Saxons  had  every where  fuppreffed  and  deftroyed.  He  himfelf  undertook  to  rebuild  the  metropolitical  church at  York  •,  with  all  thofe  in  the  province  ;  but  of  this  in  its  deftined  place. (i)  Uther  or  Uter,  to  whom  Geofry,  has  given  the  terrible  firname  of  Pendragon,  fucceed- eu  his  Brother  Ambrofius  in  the  kingdom.  In  the  very  beginning  of  this  kind’s  reign  OBa and  Eofa  began  to  fhew  their  gratitude  for  former  favours.  Taking  hold  of  the  ^oppor-ccccfxxxx tumty,  they  revolted,  and  according  to  their  barbarous  inclinations,  wafted  and  lpoiled  the country  as  tar  as  York  which  they  inverted.  It  was  not  long  before  the  Britifh  king  came to  its  relief,  where  under  the  very  walls,  after  an  obftinate  refiftance,  Uter  difeomfited  their whole  army  and  took  both  the  brothers  prifoners. (D  The  next  that  comes  upon  the  Britifh  ftage,  and  bids  the  faireft  for  immortality  is the  victorious  Arthur  ;  who,  if  the  chroniclers  of  thofe  times  deceive  us  not,  fought  twe’lve battles  with  the  Saxons,  fuccefsful  in  all.  Geofry  has  larded  the  reign  of  this  king  with many  uncommon  fiftions  of  knight-errantry  ;  but  certainly  he  was,  fays  William  ofMalmf- bury,  a  prince  more  worthy  to  be  dignified  by  true  hiftory  than  romance,  for  he  was  the only  prop  and  chief  fupport  of  his  country. Arthur  was  crowned  king  of  Britain  at  eighteen  years  of  age.  The  Saxons  took  the  ad  4 vantage  of  his  youth  to  make  another  attempt  upon  Britain ;  the  two  princes  Obla  and  Eofa having  efcapd  out  of  prifon,  fled  home,  returned  with  a  ftrong  force,  and  had  again made  themfelves  mailers  of  the  northern  parts  of  the  kingdom,  which  they  divided  into two  parts,  the  more  iouthern  was  called  Vieira,  and  the  north  Benicia.  Arthur  had  attack ed  them  and  defeated  them  in  feveral  battles,  and  fo  far  pulhed  his  conquefts  that  Obla finding  himfelf  diftrelTed,  committed  the  fouth  to  Baldulphus  and  Colgrin,  the  two  fons  of Atfa,  the  founder  of  the  two  kingdoms  aforefaid,  and  referved  Benicia  to  himfelf  in  order to  defend  it  againft  the  continual  attacks  of  the  more  northern  invaders.  Colgrin  loft  a gl!e“ which  put  him  under  the  neceflity  of  Hunting  himfelf  up  in  York whilft  the  Britifh  king  immediately  marched  to  befiege  him.  Baldolph  inform’d  of  his brother  s  lofs  and  flight,  fet  forward  to  relieve  him  with  a  body  of  fix  thoufand  men  ;  for at  the  time  of  the  aft  battle^he  was  upon  the  fea  coaft  waiting  the  arrival  of  Childric,  ano¬ ther  Saxon  general,  from  Germany.  Baldolph  was  now  within  ten  miles  of  York  and  his purpofe  was  to  make  a  fpeedy  march  in  the  night  time  and  fall  upon  them  unawares  But Arthur  having  intelligence  of  the  defign,  fent  out  a  detachment  of  fix  hundred  horfe  and three  thoufand  foot,  under  the  command  of  Codor  duke  of  Conwal  to  meet  him  the  fame mght.  Codor  happening  to  fall  into  the  fame  road,  along  which  the  enemy  was  paffing made  a  fudden  aflault  upon  them,  which  intirely  defeated  the  Saxons  and  put  them  ?o night.  r Baldolph  was  exceffively  grieved  at  this  difappointment  in  the  relief  intended  his  brother, and  began  to  think  of Tome  other  ftratagem  to  gain  accefs  to  him  ■,  in  which  if  he  could  but fucceed,  he  thought  they  might  concert  meafures  together  for  their  mutual  fafeties.  Since he  had  no  other  way  for  it ;  he fhaved  his  head  and  beard,  and  put  on  the  habit  of  a  jefter fi.fn;  qnharP|ln  hlS  h?,nd;  In,  dllsu‘15  he  walked  up  and  down  in  the  trenches  without iulpicion,  playing  all  the  while  upon  his  inftrument  like  a  common  harper.  By  little  and (r\  r  £?"'  p  r  -  O’) (i)  G.  Mon.  Polichron.  oV. i  DXVI. T little A. D.\X. A. DXXI. "the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. little  he  advanced  nearer  the  walls  of  the  city,  from  whence  being  at  length  difeovered  by the  centinels,  he  was  drawn  up  in  the  night  time,  and  conducted  to  his  brother.  1  his  un¬ expected,  but  much  defired,  interview  caufed  a  great  many  tender  embraces  betwixt  them  , before  they  began  to  confider  what  flratagems  to  make  ule  of  for  their  efeupe.  But  all feemed  defperate,  for  Arthur  pulhed  the  ftege  on  vigoroufly,  hoping  to  take  the  town  be¬ fore  the  arrival  of  the  Saxon  genera],  whom  he  knew  was  bringing  a  frelh  fupply  irom  Ger¬ many.  At  lad,  when  they  were  on  the  point  of  furrendring,  came  news  that  Chiliric,  was landed  and  had  defeated  Coder  whom  Arthur  had  fent  to  hinder  his  defeent,  and  was  march¬ ing  towards  York,  with  an  army  of  brave  foldiers,  which  he  had  brought  over  in  no  Iefs than  fix  hundred  tranfports.  Upon  this  a  council  of  war  was  called,  and  Arthur  was  advi- led  to  raife  the  ftege  and  retire  to  London,  for  fear  of  hazarding  a  battle,  in  the  winter  time, with  fo  potent  and  numerous  an  enemy. But  the  next  fummer,  after  the  bloody  battle  on  Badon  bills,  faid  by  the  Scotch  hiftori- ans  0)  to  be  our  Blake  a  more ,  where  Arthur  gained  a  decifive  victory  and  flew  ninety  thou- jand  of  the  enemy,  the  city  of  York  was  delivered  up  to  him  as  loon  as  ever  he  approached it.  This  battle  fays  Gildas  happened  forty  four  years  after  the  Saxons  firft  arrival  in  Bri¬ tain,  wherein  all  the  Saxon  generals  were  (lain  and  their  army  entirely  cut  to  pieces. This  was  the  fecond  ftege  of  York  remarkable  for  any  oppofition  ■,  for,  though  after  the Romans  leaving  the  iflasd  it  had  been  taken  by  the  Pitts  and  Scots,  and  then  taken  from them  again  by  the  Saxons ;  yet  in  neither  cafe  was  there  much  ftruggle  about  it.  In  the former,  the  general  confternation  was  fo  great  amoilgft  the  poor  deferted  Britons  that  no refinance  could  be  expended  from  them;  and  in  the  latter,  the  fame  of  the  Saxons  valourfo terrified  thele  northern  plunderers,  efpecially  after  experiencing  a  litle  of  it,  that  it  was  all they  could  do  to  get  back,  with  precipitation  enough  to  their  own  country. I  can’t  help  giving  the  reader  a  notable  refleftion  of  Mon.  Rapin  Thoyras  on  the  conduCt of  the  Britons  at  this  juncture.  “  When  one  reflects,  fays  he,  on  the  weakness  and  dilpi- “  ricednefs  of  the  Britons  before  the  arrival  of  Hengijl,  one  cannot  but  be  furprized  at  their “  being  able  to  withftandthe  Saxons  in  the  firft  war,  and  which  lafted  fo  long.  Thefevery “  Britons  who  after  the  departure  of  the  Rowans  dared  not  to  look  the  Pifts  and  Scots  in “  the  face,  fucceftfully  defended  themfelves  againft  both  Saxons  and  Pitts.  A  long  war “  teaches,  at  length,  the  moftunwarlike  nation  the  ufe  of  their  arms,  and  very  frequently “  puts  them  in  condition  to  repair  in  the  end  the  Ioffes  they  fufiained  in  the  beginning.  Had “  the  Saxons  invaded  Britain  with  a  numerous  army,  in  all  appearance,  they  would  have “  conquered  the  whole  in  avery  little  time;  but  fending  over  a  fmall  number  of  forces  at  a 11  time,  they  fpun  the  war  out  to  a  great  length,  and  by  that  means  taught  the  Britons  a “  trade  the  Romans  had  done  all  they  could  to  make  them  forget.  But, I  now  proceed.  Arthur,  after  the  defeat  of  the  Saxons,  made  an  expedition  into  Scotlana, in  order  to  deftroy  that  country  from  end  to  end,  as  the  feat  of  ancient  enmity  againft  South Britain  This  we  are  told,  he  would  certainly  have  efFefted,  but  the  mterpofmon  of  fome Bijlsots  prevented  him.  It  feems,  the  Scots  had  juft  then  received  the  Goff  el,  and  it  was  re- prefented  to  Arthur  that  a  chriftian  ought  not,  on  any  pretence  whatfoever,  to  fpill  the  blood of  his  brethren.  A  maxim  rarely,  or  never,  followed  fince (m )  Arthur  after  this  expedition  againft  the  Scots  retired  to  2 orb,  where  he  firft  fet  himfelt to  regulate  the  affairs  of  the  church  again  miferably  rent  and  torn  by  the  Pagan  Saxons. Sampfon  ofSanxo  the  Archli/hop  had  been  expelled,  the  churches  and  altars  all  demohlhed, or  el fe  profaned  with  heathen  ceremonies.  He  called  an  Affembly  of  the  clergy  and  peo¬ ple,  and  appointed  Pyramus  his  chaplain  metropolitan  of  that  fee  The  churches  which  lay level  with  the  ground  he  caufed  to  be  rebuilt,  and,  what  was  the  chieieft  ornament,  faw them  fill’d  with  affemblies  of  devout  perfons,  fays  my  author,  of  different  fexes  I  he  no¬ bility  alfo,  which  was  driven  out  of  the  city  by  the  difturbances  of  the  Saxons,  he  reftored to  their  former  honours  and  habitations. (n)  At  this  time  did  this  great  monarch,  his  clergy,  all  his  nobility  and  foldiers  keep their  chriftmas  in  York.  The  firft  feftival  of  that  kind  ever  held  in  Bntam-,  and  which  all thofe  ever  fince  have  in  fome  meafure  taken  their  model  Irom.  Buchanan  and  Sir  Thomas U'ilbrington  feverely  cenfure  Arthur's  conduct  in  the  extravagant  folemmzation  of  this  fel ival The  fence  of  the  former  is  this,  “  Arthur  took  up  his  refidence  at  York,  for  his  winter nuarters  whither  they  referred  to  him  the  prime  perfons  of  the  neighbourhood  and  fpent the  latter  end  of  Vecrnkr  in  mirth,  jollity,  drinking  and  the  vtces  that  are  too  often the  confequence  of  them ;  fo  that  the  reprefentations  of  the  old  heathenifh  fcafts  dedicated to  Saturn  nttst  here  again  revived.  But  the  number  of  days  they  lafted  were  doubled  ; and  amoneft  the  wealthier  fort  trehled ;  during  which  time  they  counted  it  almoft  a  fin to  treat  of  any  ferious  matter.  Gifts  are  fent  mutually  from  and  to  one  another;  fre¬ quent  invitations  pefs  betwixt  friends,  and  donneftick  offenders  are  not  pun, feed.  Our countrymen  call  this  feaft  Julelide;  fubftituting  the  name  oi  Julius  Caefar  for  that  of  Sa- (/]  Scotch  chron.  Buchanan.  W  s““h  chran ;/:)  G.  Mon. ec  turn 71 Chap.  II.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. “  turn.  The  vulgar  are  yet  perfuaded  that  the  nativity  of  Chrijl  is  then  celebrated,  but “  miftakcnly,  for ’tis  plain  they  imitate  the  lafeivioufnefs  of  the  Bacchanalians,  rather  than “  the  memory  of  Chriji,  then  as  they  lay,  born. Thus  far  Buchanan.  It  is  eafy  to  fee  on  what  principles  this  fircaftical  defeription  of  the celebration  of  Chrijlmas  is  founded.  His  Jule tide,  however,  is  falfe  quoted  ;  Tule-tide  is  the word,  as  Chrijlmas  is,  at  this  day,  called  in  Scotland,  and  as  we  in  the  north  term  Chrijlmcls eve.  As  for  his  derivation,  he  might  with  equal  juftice,  I  believe,  have  drawn  it  from Claudius,  as  Julius  Caefar.  It  is  true,  that  no  word  whatever  has  puzzled  the  antiquaries more  than  Tide  ■,  fome  deriving  it  from  the  ( o)  Latin  words  exulo,  ululo,  jubilo,  or  the Heb.  Haleluia.  In  the&ww*  tongue  it  is  called  Dehul,  in  the  Damjh  Uledag.  Mrs.  Elfiob\ the  celebrated  tranllator  of  the  Saxon  homily  (p),  lays  the  bell  antiquaries  derive  it  from  the word  Ale-,  which  was  much  us’d,  fays  Ihe,  in  their  fellivities  and  merry  meetings  (q). <5Dlor  Ale,  adds  the  learned  lady,  did  not  only  fignify  the  liquor  they  made  ufeof,  but  gave denomination  to  their  greateft  feftivals,  as  this  Eehol  or  Tule  at  midwinter  ;  as  it  is  plainly to  be  fecn  in  that  cufton  of  IVhilfun-Ale  at  the  other  great  fellival  of  midfummer.  Bp.  Slil- lingjleet  has  obferved  that  this  word  feems  to  come  from  the  Gothick  3?olc,  which  in  that  lan¬ guage  fignifies  to  make  merry  (r).  Bede  tells  us,  indeed,  that  the  lall  day  of  the  year  was obferved  amonglt  the  heathen  Saxons  with  great  folemnity ;  illuminating,  at  that  time,  their houfes  with  fire  and  candles,  as  an  emblem  of  the  return  of  the  fun  and  the  lengthening  of days.  And  Bp.  Slillingfleet  confirms  this,  by  obferving  that  in  the  old  Kunirfe  FaJH,  a wheel  was  ufed  to  denote  this  fellival.  But  what  had  the  Saxons  to  do  with  Julius  for  a god?  no  fuch  deity  being  ever  known  in  their  'Theology.  Buchanan  and  our  Sir  Thomas here  jump  in  opinions,  but  both  may  be  eafily  derived  from  what  Heft  or  Boelius  has  recorded of  Arthur ,  who  fays,  that  he  and  his  knights  having  recovered  York  from  the  Scots  and  Pidls, kept  there  fuch  a  grand  chrijlmas,  that  afterwards  fighting  again  with  the  Saxons,  the  foldiers were  found  fo  weakened  with  intemperance  and  fuperfluity ,  that  their  arrows  could  hardly  pierce the  Saxons  furred  doublets  ;  being  able  before  to  Jlrtke  through  their  iron  armour. Arthur,  after  all  his  conquefts,  had  the  misfortune  to  be  fiain  in  a  rebellion  of  his  own fubjefts,  and  by  the  hands  of  his  own  nephew.  From  whofe  death,  difienfions  arifing  a- mongft  the  Britijh  Princes,  the  Saxons  fo  far  prevailed  as  to  gain  an  entire  conqueft  over  all  ; driving  the  miferable  remains  of  the  Britons  that  would  not  fubmic  to  their  Toke,  to  feek fhelter  in  the  Cambrian  mountains  ;  where  their  pofterity,  according  to  Welch  hiftory,  have ever  fince  remained. Our  Saxon  conquerours  divided  the  territories  of  the  plundered  Britons  into  feven  fhares, which  fince  is  llyled  the  Heptarchy,  over  each  prefiding  a  king.  But  I  cannot  omit  taking notice  here,  for  the  better  comprehending  the  fequel,  that,  though  the  land  was  in  this manner  divided  into  feven  feveral  kingdoms,  and  each  of  their  kings  had  a  fovereign  com¬ mand  within  his  own  limits,  yet  one  of  them  ever  feemed  to  be  fuperior  to  the  reft;  and  that prince,  who  had  the  greateft  power  or  fuccefs  in  his  wars,  was  always  efteemed  the  head, and  called  the  king  of  Englijhmen  (s). (t )  In  the  divifion,  the  kingdom  of  the  Northumbers,  which  is  more  immediately  nr/ concern,  becaule  its  capital  was  Tork ,  contained  all  that  part  of  the  illand  from  the  Humber mouth  to  S.Jobnflon  in  Scotland,  fay  fome,  though  others,  only  to  the  Fryth  of  Edenbo- rough.  This  country,  I  have  before  noted,  was  divided  by  Ofta  the  fon  of  Hengiji  into  two parts,  Deira  and  Bernicia,  over  both  which  did  Ida  reign,  a  lineal  defeendant,  according  to the  Saxon  genealogy,  from  their  famous  god  Woden,  and  whom  Malmjlury  ftyles  nobilijjimus aetate  &  viribus  integer.  Ida  left  two  fons,  to  whom  he  divided  his  dominions  and  gave  De¬ ira  to  Ella,  whofe  kingdom  took  in  all  from  the  Humber  to  the  Tyne ;  and  Bernicia  to  Adda, his  other  fon,  which  contained  all  nothward  from  that  boundary.  Of  all  the  kingdoms  of the  Saxons  this  of  Deira  was  of  the  ftiorteft  continuance,  it  began  by  a  divifion  of  the  whole Northumbrian  dillrift  between  the  fons  of  Ida,  and  was  again  united  under  OJwin  ninety one  years  after  Ella  (u). Tork  was,  at  this  period,  the  capital  of  Deira  only;  but  the  diftritft  was  large  and  took in  all  Torkfihire,  Lancajhirc,  Durham,  Wejlmorland,  Cumberland  and  fome  part  of  Northum¬ berland  at-firft;  though  fince,  the  country  betwixt  the  German  ocean,  the  Humber  and  the river  Derwent,  now  th o  Ea finding,  bore  that  appellation.  The  laft  named  river,  moft  cer¬ tainly,  retains  fome  part  of  the  ancient  name,  Deir-went,  being  no  more  than  Dierae  vet Deirorum  flumen ;  and  lower  or  hollow  Diera,  which  lies  betwixt  the  fea  and  the  Humber, in  refpe£l  to  the  higher  country,  and  becaufe  it  extends  itfelflike  a  nofe  or  neck  of  land, the  inhabitants  have  added  the  French  word  Nefie  ;  which,  together  makes  (tf  )■ (o)  Skinner' s  etv.  dift. ( p )  Mrs.  Elfiob's  Sax.  homily. (?)  Chrijlmas  was  antiently  known  at  York  by  the  name of  i?ooUgtrtl)-ol.  See  the  Sheriff's  riding  chap.  vi. (r)  Stillingjlect' s  orig.  fac. (ft  Bede. (ft  Anno  ab  incarnations  547,  pofl  mortem  Hengifti 60,  ducatus  Northumbrenfis  tn  regnum  mutatus  eft.  Reg- nav.it  ibi  primus  Ida  baud  dubie  nobillijjimus  aetate,  ift? viribus  integer.  G  ill.  Malmf. (a)  Harr ifons  dilT.  of  Britain. [x)  Antiquitus fola  ilia  patria  quae  introclufa  marl  cr.- ent.  Deirwenta  ft?  Humbra  Deira  voeabatur ;  nunc  verv Eaftridingia.  Deircnt  Jiumm  c.  Dcirae  vel  Deirorum jtumcn  noiori'e  vacatur.  Cava  Diera,  refpeelu  altioris, inter  mare  ft?  Humbram,  ft?  quia  extenditur  injlar  naft , additur  ab  incolis  haecfyjlaba  J,'icfTc  ft?  dicitur  vulgariter l^ol'tucr-rwfs.  L.cland.  Coll,  vita  S.  }oh.  Beverlaci. The A.  . DXLVtt. 2 A. DCXVII. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. .  ,Thc  ,ofthre  Saxm  ki"gs  that  comes  in  my  way  is  Edwin  king  of  Dura,  afterwards iole  monarch  of  Englifhmen,  and  juftly  ftyled  Edwin  the  Great.  This  kins;  being converted  to  chnftiamty  by  a  miracle.  Bid,:  and  the  other  monks  are  very  lavilh  in  his  nrar Jes-  ^ur  ecclcfiaftical  hiftory  will  take  in  mod  of  this  monarch’s  life;  and  except  fome  few panages,  I  refer  wholly  thither.  Edwin  had  by  wonderful  providence,  efcaped  divers  fnares laid  for  his  life;  had  lurmounted  many  difficulties;  and,  by  conqueft  over  his  neighbour prmces,  had  not  only  joined  Bernicia ,  to  Darn,  but  was  alfo  declared  grand  monarch  of the  Anglo-Saxons.  1  hat  his  refidence  was  at  York  will  not  be  difputed  by  thofe  that  read venerable  Bede's  dory  of  his  converfion;  and  it  was  here  he  made  thofe  falutary  laws,  which were  fo  well  obferved,  that  the  fame  author  tells  you,  in  his  time  a  weak  woman  might  have travelled  with  a  new  born  babe  over  the  whole  ijland  without  the  leajl  moleftation In  this  time  of  profound  peace,  which  the  ifland  enjoyed  during  Edwin’s  adminiftration, great  happinefs  mult  occur.  Strong  were  the  ftruggles  amongft  the  Saxon  princes  for  fupe- r1lor,‘y  ’  lor  no  fooner,  were  they  mailers  of  the  booty,  but  like  robbers,  they  fell  out  about dividing  the  fpoil.  For  two  hundred  and  fifty  years  and  upwards  few  of  them  died  in  their beds;  and  England  was  all  that  time,  except  this  fmall  interval  of&Ws,  one  continued ^ne°f„bl00dc“d,W“  and  orifery.  So  great  was  the  power  and  virtue  of  this  monarch that  William  of  Malmjlury  gives  him  this  high  charafter  (j),  not  only  fays  he,  the  Englilh Scots  and  Puffs,  but ,  even  the  Orcades  and  all  the  Britiffi  ijlands  dreaded  his  arms  and  adored his  grandeur.  No  publick  thief  nor  houfe-breaker  was  found  in  his  time,  the  adulterer  was  a Jl ranger,  and  the  fpoiler  of  other  mens  goods  afar  off.  His  glory  Jhines ,  even  to  our  own  age with  fplendour.  Bede  fays,  his  magnificence  was  fo  great,  that  he  had  not  only  in  battle’ the  enfigns  proper  to  war  born  before  him,  but  in  times  of  peace,  in  his  provrefs  through riie  cities  and  great  towns  of  his  kingdoms,  or  when  ever  he  appeared  in  publick,  that  kind of  ftandard  by  the  Britains  called  Tufa,  and  th uSaxons  (z)  Thuup,  the  mark  of  fovereignty over  the  ifland,  was  carried  before  him  with  great  folemnity.  ° But  neither  Edwin’s  power  nor  his  piety  could  fave  him  from  the  llroke  fo  fatal  to  the Saxon  princes  in  thofe  days.  He  had  many  fecret  enemies  who  maligned  his  greatnefs  ■  but yet  dreaded  his  power  too  much  to  dare  to  lhew  it  openly.  One  of  thefe  invidious  o’ppo nems  whom  Bede  calls  guichelm  king  of  Cut  IVeft-S axons  had  fuborn’d  a  ruffian  to  murder Edwin  which  the  villain  undertook  to  do  in  the  midft  of  his  guards.  The  accident  hap- pening  in  our  neighbourhood  muftnotefcape  our  notice.  V DCXXVI  Edwin  had  a  fummer  retreat’  feven  miles  from  York,  formerly  a  Roman  ftation  called Dementia ;  Handing,  fays  V .  Bede,  juxta  amnem  Doroventionem  ubi  tunc  erat  villa  revalis Edwin  was  at  this  place  when  the  afiaffin  arrived,  and  begged  audience  of  the  king,  who°rea- dily  granted  it  (a).  Pretending  fecret  bufinefs,  he  took  Edwin  a  little  afidt’ from  his guards,  and  fiyly  drawing  a  two-edged  poifoned  weapon  (b),  which  he  had  brought  for furer  work,  he  attempted  the  murder  with  fuch  refolution,  that  he  wounded  the  king through  the  very  body  of  one  of  his  guards;  who  by  chance  faw  the  villain’s  defimi,  and had  only  time  to  throw  himfelf  betwixt  to  intercept  the  ftroke.  The  name  of  this,  ’  pro¬ perly  called,  life-guard  man,  whom  Bede  has  handed  to  pofterity  was  Lilia-,  and  the  alfaf- fin’s  refolution  was  fuch,  that  he  was  not  cut  in  pieces  before  he  had  fiain  another  kninht  of the  guard  called  Forther.  But nr  mm  Edwin's  peaceable  reign  of  feventeen  years  now  drew  to  a  fatal  period,  for  he  was  fiain in  a  mo(i  bloody  battle  at  a  place  fince  called  (c)  Heavenfeld ,  by  Penda  the  pagan  kirn?  of Mercia,  who  had  joined  with  Cadwallo  the  now  only  Britijh  king  of  JVales,  in  order  to deftroy  him.  This  viftory  is  reported  to  be  more  cruel  than  any  in  the  monuments  of hiftory  ;  for  whilft  Penda  endeavoured  to  root  out  the  Cbrijtians,  and  Cadwallo  the  Saxons their  fury  was  fo  great  that  it  fpared  neither  fex  nor  age  (d).  The  head  of  Edwin  was buried  in  Sc.  Gregory’s  porch  in  his  own  church  at  York  -,  but  his  body  in  the  monaftery  at Whitby,  ’ The  kingdom  of  Northumberland,  and  its  capital  York,  was  ravaged  in  a  terrible  manner after  the  lol's  of  this  battle  with  their  king.  And  though  the  Northumbrians  chofe  OJ'rick and  Anfrid,  the  neareft  relations  of  Edwin,  kings,  one  of  Deira,  the  other  of  Bernicia  ;  his only  fon  having  been  fiain  with  his  father ;  yet  they  could  not  put  a  ftop  to  the  viftors  ; for  we  are  told  that  Ofrick  venturing  rafhly  to  befiege  Cadwallo  in  York,  with  an  army  of undifciplined  troops,  the  Weljh  king  difdaining  to  be  thus  braved,  falliedout  and  attacked him  fo  brifkly  in  his  trenches,  that  he  put  his  army  to  the  rout,  and  left  him  dead  on  the (y)  Ar.gli,  Scoti,  Pidti,  fed  Ifj  infulae  Orcadum  & Meneveniarum,  qui  nunc  Anglefei,  i.  e.  Anglorum  infulas dicimus,  tff  armti  ejus  metuerunt  (s'  pouf  at  em  adorarunt. Nulius  tunc  praedo  publicus ,  nullus  Intro  domcflicus ,  infi- dintor  conjugal  is  pudoris  procul,  expi/ator  alienae  haeredi- tatis  exul.  Magnum  id  in  ejus  laudibus  (s’  nojlra  aetate fpltndidum.  Gul.  Malmf. (z)  The  globe  of  feathers  mentioned  before. (а)  Sax.  annals. (б)  Sica  biceps  toxicata,  Bede.  Sica  genus  armorum ejl,  fsmile  vidubii,  i.  e.  vifudubii.  Sica  ctoit  une  petite epee  courbee  en forme  de  Faux,  comme  le portoient  /^Thraces. Monfteur  Daciers  notes  on  Horace,  and  the  word  Sica- rius. (r)  Called  fo  no  doubt  by  the  number  of  chrillians  flain there.  Since  corrupted  to  Hatfield  a  village  nigh  Doncafler. Did  tier  autern  quod  Hatfeld  rubeo  undique  nob  ilium  cruore fumabat ;  ibi  namqite  mirabihs  (s’  impinata  fort  iff  no- rum  flrages  fad  a  tfi.  Brompton. (d)  Buch. fpot. Chap. III.  of  the  CITY  s/YORK, fpot.  Anfrid  the  other  brother  met  the  fame  fate  by  the  fame  hand.  The  reigns  of  thefe two  kings  were  of  fo  fhort  a  continuance,  befides  their  lives ’being  branded  with  *v»-vr that  the  minkifr  hifforians  have  for  the  mod:  part  omitted  them.  V.  Bede  fays,  that  tor their  apoftacy  from  the  chrijhan  religion  they  had  the  juft  judgment  of  God  inflicted  upon them.  Ofnck ,  fays  lie,  and  his  whole  army,  penn’d  in  the  fuburbs  of  their  own  cite  were miferably  flam  ;  and  Anfrid  unadvifedly  coming  to  Cadwallo  at  Tori  with  only  twelve  per ions  in  his  retinue,  in  order  to  treat  of  peace,  was  by  this  outragious  tyrant  cruelly  putDCXXXir to  death  in  that  city.  ■  7  r of  aid,  the  iuccceffor  and  brother  of  Anfrid  revenged  his  death  upon  Cadwallo ;  for coming  unexpectedly  upon  him  from  Scotland  with  a  very  fmall  army,  but  »reat  in  the huth  of  Chrijl,  fays  Bede ,  at  Dennifburn  in  Northumberland ,  obtained  a  decifive  viftorv  over him  deftroymg  both  the  'Britijh  king  and  all  his  army.  Ofwald  after  this  was  foie  mo¬ narch  over  the  Northumbers :  the  many  religious  ads  he  did  in  our  city,  claim  another place  ;  and  I  have  nothing  to  add  here  but  his  great  character  from  Bede ,  who  fays  in  his time  the  whole  tjlandflourifhed  both  in  peace  and  plenty ,  and  acknowledged  their  fubjelt ion  to  him. All  the  nations  cf  Britain  who  /poke  four  different  languages ,  that  is  to  fay ,  Britons Iyed  -  Shanks,  Scots  and  Englishmen  were  wholly  fubjeft  to  him.  And  yet  bein?  advanced to  fucb  an  exalted  greatnefs,  he  was ,  what  is  wonderful  to  fpeak  of  adds  my  author,  humble  to all,  gracious  to  the  poor,  and ’  bountiful  to  jlrangers. That  this  great  monarch’s  feat  of  refidence  was  at  York,  is  fully  proved  in  our  church hittory;  but  neither  his  religion,  nor  his  innate  goodnefs  could  protect  him  from  the  fate i  of  an°  f  f  two  at°ftates  his  predeceffors  :  for  we  read  that  Penda  king  of  Mercia r“  ?cum  ,°  d  anlapn\fi’  declared  war  agaiuft  Ofwald,  met  him  at  a  place  called  ( e ) Maferficld,  and  in  a  bloody  battle  Oew  him.  The  cruelty  of  this  monfter  extended  beyond  „ death,  for  he  ordered  Ojwald  s  body,  in  a  barbarous  and  brutifh  manner,  to  be  torn  in  n\LII pieces  by  wild  horfes.  ““uiu.ii. I  lhall  not  trouble  the  reader  with  the  lives  of  the  Northumbrian  kings  in  the  Heptarchv any  more  than  fuits  my  purpofc  ;  thofe  melancholy  times  have  been  excellently  well  treated on  by  other  hands,  and  it  is  not  my  defign  to  give  a  general  hiltoryof  Britain,  but  a  par¬ ticular  one  of  the  city  ot  1  ork.  Whoever  undertakes  to  write  on  thefe  northern  wars  fliould W^°’,  fpelk,'nS  ofthe  Northumbrian  people,  ftngulorum  autem  hel¬ lo,  um  gejta  et  modos  et  fines  ad, plenum  determmare ,  mmiHasprolixitalis  neceffario  prohibit  Get  s Anglokvm  dura  mturaliter  erat,  et  fuperba  et  bellis  inteftmis  meeffanter  atlrita.  ' i  here  is  nothing  remarkable  from  the  date  I  have  inferted  to  the  reign  of  Epbert  the firft  umverfal  Saxon  monarch,  who  kept  his  fway  and  delivered  it  down  to  his  fuccefthrs except  that  our  city  continued  the  metropolis  of  the  nordiern  kingdom,  and  ufuallv  ran  the fame  fate  with  its  governours.  A  fhort  account  of  the  fucceffion  of  thefe  fightincr  ,n,l hiftnrvS,an,d0taI>;hiM  ”7  T'  be  TprTer  “  Sive’  bcc:u‘fc  «  continues  the’ thread  of  our hiftory,  and  I  iliall  beg  leave  to  take  them  from  the  firft. *  A  compleat  fucceffion  of  the  Northumbrian  kings A.  C. DXLVII. DLIX. DLX1V. DLXXI. DLXXII. DLXXIX. DLXXXVIII. Bernicia. A.  C. Ida,  the  fon  of  Eoppa, reigned  twelve  years, and  had  both  the  king¬ doms. Adda,  or  Odda ,  his  fon  five  DLIX. years. Clappa  feven  years. Theodwulf  one  year. Freothwulf  feven  years. Theodoric  feven  years. AEthelric  two  years. Thefe  two  laft  were. the  DLXXXIX. Tons  61  Ida ,  and' reign’d  in this  province  whillt  Ella continued  kirig  of  Deira. AEthelric ,  on  the  death  of Ella,  had  both  the  king¬ doms  and  reigned  five years. in  the  Heptarchy. Deira. Ella,  another  fon,  thirty years. Edwin  fon  of  the  fame, was  in  a  fhort  time expulfed  by  Athelfrid king  of  Bernicia,  who fubje&ed  both  the  king¬ doms,  and  reign’d  four¬ teen  years,  till  Edwin was  reftor’d. W  From  this  ovenhrow  called  0[waijlve,,  m  Sheep-  br.Ukh  thefauene  linguarun,  fipten.  1  here  alter  feme nmory  ot  tngland,  and  pubhlhed  in  Latin  at  the  end  of  difls  their. pofitions  in  feme  place-.  ’ u  AEthelfrid 74  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. A.  C. DLXXXXIII.  AEthelfrid  reigned  twenty  four  years,  and  was  in  pofleflion  of  both  the kingdoms. DCXVII.  Edwin  the  fon  of  Ella  feventeen  years,  had  likewife  both  kingdoms,  but being  flain,  his  empire  was  divided  into  two,  for  at  that  time  reign’d  in A.  C.  Bernicia.  A.  C.  Deira. DCXXXIV.  Ofric  the  fon  of  Alfred  one  DCXXXIV.  Eanfred  the  fon  of  the  late year.  king  Ethelred. Both  flain  in  one  year. DCXXXIV.  Ofwald  the  brother  of  Eanfred  reigned  nine  years  in  both  provinces,  be¬ ing  flain. DCXLII.  OJwyn  the  brother  of  Of-  A.  C.  Ofwin  the  fon  of  Ofric  in wald  reigned  nine  years  DCXLIV.  Deira  had  a  feven  years in  Bernicia.  reign,  and  was  then  flain by DCLI.  Ofwyn ,  lately  mentioned,  who  entered  upon  both  the  kingdoms,  which from  that  time  continued  united.  He  reigned  twenty  eight  years,  then DCLXX.  Egfrid ,  his  lawful  fon,  reign’d  fifteen  years.  Slain. DCLXXXV.  Alfred ,  baftard,  fon  to  Ofwyn  nineteen  years  •,  buried  at  Driffield.  Af¬ ter  him DCCIV.  Ofwed  his  fon,  a  child  of  eight  years  old ;  Stow  fays  after  he  had  reigned eleven  years  he  was  murthered  ;  but  Brompton  writes,  that  he  was  un¬ fortunately  flain  in  a  battle  by  his  kinfman DCCXV.  Kenred ,  who  ruled  Northumberland  two  years  ;  then DCCXVII.  Ofric ,  his  brother,  who  reigned  eleven  years,  and  defied  for  his  fucceflor DCCXXVIII.  Ceolwulpb  the  kinfman  of  Kenred.  Venerable  Bede  wrote  his  hiftory  in  this king's  reign,  and  dedicated  it  to  him.  This  monarch  turned  monk, and  to  him  fucceeded,  after  eight  years, DCCXXXVI.  Egbert ,  coufin-germain  to  Ceolwulpb,  who  reigned  peaceably  twenty  years, then  turned  monk  •,  which,  I  find,  was  much  in  fafhion  in  thofe  days, amongft  the  reft  of  the  Saxon  monarchs  in  the  heptarchy.  Then  came DCCLVI.  Ofwald ,  flain  by  his  fubjefls  in  the  firft  year  of  his  reign. DCCLVII.  Elhelwald,  furnamed  Mollo,  ufurped;  but  after  eleven  years  he  was  mur¬ thered  by DCCLXVIII.  Aired ,  who,  fays  Hoveden ,  was  driven  out  of  his  capital  city  (g)  <£t)crfoic, in  Eafler-week ,  after  he  had  reigned  eleven  years  ;  and  the  Northum¬ brians  chofe DCCLXXIX.  Edelred ,  the  fon  of  Mollo ,  who  was  alfo  in  the  fifth  year  of  his  reign  de¬ prived,  and DCCLXXXIV.  Athelwold  proclaimed  king  •,  who  after  eleven  years  was  flain  by DCCLXXXXVI.  Ofred ,  who  fucceeded,  but  he  was  driven  out  by  his  nobles  the  fame year,  or  taken,  fays  Milton,  and  forcibly  fliaven  a  monk  at  York . Aired  or  Athelred  again  reftored,  and  after  four  years  was  miferably  flain. From  which  time  the  kingdom  of  Northumberland  was  forely  lhaken with  civil  wars  for  forty  years  together;  during  which  time  there  ruled, without  the  title  of  king,  as  fome  write, Eardulf ;  but  the  Saxon  chronicle  fays,  that  he  was  confecrated  king  at York,  May  4,  795,  by  Eanbald  archbifhop,  Ethelbert ,  Higbald ,  and Badewulf,  bifliops.  * Alfwold. Eandred. Etheldred. Readulph.  This  laft,  fays  Stow ,  was  flain  at  York  with DCCCXL.  OJbert  king,  removed  by Ella,  the  ufurper,  both  thefe  kings  were  flain  at  York  by  the  Danes. DCCCLXVI.  Egbert,  foie  monarch  of  the  Englijh,  driven  out  by  the  Danes.,  who  gave the  kingdom  of  Northumberland  to  their  countryman Eigfdge ;  he  ruled  it  eleven  years,  then  another  Egbert,  a  Saxon,  was made  king  by  them. DCCCLXXII.  Egbert,  who  dying,  the  Danes  and  Northumbrians  were  without  a  king till Gutbrum  or  Guthred,  a  poor  flave,  was  defied,  to  whom  the  Brigantes were  fubjefled  for  eleven  years,  till (f)  Anno  DCCXLI  igni  inxenfum  tjl  Eboracum. Chron.  Saxon.  55. (g)  Chron.  Saxon.  DCCLXXIYr *  Idem  p.  66. Alfred Chap. III.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. A.  C. DCCCLXXXXIV. DCCCCIt. DCCCCIII. DCCCCXIV. DCCCCXIX. DCCCCXXVI. DCCCCXLIV. Alfred  the  great,  drove  the  Danes  in  England  to  the  laft  extremity, and  made  them  chufe  in  Northumberland  another, Rigfidge  for  king,  who  being  (lain, Reginald  and  Nigel,  both  Danes,  reigned  together,  and  had  the  whole kingdom  after  Alfred’s,  death.  Nigel  being  flain, Sithrick,  his  brother,  took  his  Ihare.  After  him  thefe  Danes  fuc- ceeded,  viz. Inguald. Guthford.  ^ Anlaf,  the  laft  of  the  Northumbrian  kings  in  the  heptarchy. IS The  fucceflion  of  the  Danifh  kings  after  their  viftory  over  OJbert  and  Ella  \n  Northum¬ berland,  was  firft,  Haldene,  fays  H.  Huntington,  then  Guthrum,  after  followed  Nigellits,  and Sithrick,  and  Riginald,  and  Anlaff.  The  Danes,  adds  the  aforefaid  author,  reigned  very confufedly  j  now  only  one  king,  then  two,  and  fome  times  many,  till  Edred  king  of  Weft- fex  conquer’d  this  kingdom,  and  perfectly  diffolv’d  the  heptarchical  monarchy.  A. About  the  year  800,  the  Saxon  heptarchy  drawing  to  a  period,  the  fpring  of  an  entire  DCCC. monarchy  began  to  fhew  itfelf,  fays  Speed,  and  the  glory  of  the  Englijh  men,  more  clear¬ ly,  to  arife.  For  though  they  had  weakened  each  other  in  their  almoft  continual  wars, yet  was  their  power  ftrong  in  the  pofleflion  of  the  whole,  and  the  overborn  Britons  difre- garded.  Egbert ,  King  of  the  Weft- Saxons,  had  perfectly  fubdued  his  brother  kings,  and gained  an  univerfal  fovereignty  over  all  •,  yet  fuch  is  the  inftability  of  human  affairs,  that when  he  thought  himfelf  the  greateft  and  happieft,  he  had  the  mortification  to  fee  a  new enemy  ftart  up,  which,  after  continual  invafions,  never  defifted  till  they  had  gained  an  entire conqueft  over  thefe  conquerors.  Thus  thofe  Saxons,  who,  by  blood  and  violence  had  made themfelves  lords  of  other  mens  rights,  were  repaid  in  their  own  coin,  and  with  equal  de- ftruCtion  forced  to  give  up  their  conquefts  to  another  invader.  The  fource  and  fpring  of thefe  attempts  are  attributed  to  two  caufes,  one  of  which  concerns  in  an  efpecial  manner  the fubjeCt  of  my  hiftory,  and  therefore  muff  be  particularly  related. (/>)  The  Danes  were  a  fierce,  hardy  and  warlike  people,  next  neighbours  to  the  Saxons  in their  own  country,  and  had  long  envied  their  happinefs  in  the  pofleflion  of  the  greateft  and wealthieft  ifiand  in  the  then  known  world.  Encouraged  to  hope  for  fuccefs,  by  the  con¬ tinual  divifion  amongft  the  Saxon  rulers,  they  had  feveral  times  made  defcents  upon  the ifland,  but  were  always  driven  back  with  lofs.  In  the  reign  of  this  Egbert  they  drew  to¬ gether  all  their  forces  ;  and  as  they  were,  at  that  time,  the  beft  failors  in  the  world,  they fitted  out  a  mighty  fleet,  with  a  numerous  land  army  on  board  •,  encouraged  doubly  by  the extraordinary  revolution  which  had  juft  happened  in  England ,  and  the  expectation  of  a  ge¬ neral  revolt  in  their  favour,  as  foon  as  they  ftiould  land  in  the  northern  parts.  This  de- fign  proved  abortive,  they  made  a  delcent,  ’tis  true,  in  the  year  794,  and  burnt  the  mo- naftery  of  Lindisfarn,  or  Holy-IJland  but,  finding  the  natives  not  to  ftir  as  they  expeCted, they  went  off  again  with  a  great  booty.  No  ways  difcouraged  at  this,  they  made  feveral other  attempts  in  other  parts  of  the  ifland,  and  at  length  prevailed  ;  lor,  having  gotten  a tafte,  they  never  defifted,  till  they  had  intirely  difpoffefled  the  Saxons  of  it. It  was  this  black  ftorm  from  the  north ,  which  our  Alenin  prophetically  fpeaks  on,  in  a  let¬ ter  to  Egelbert  or  Egbert  King  of  Northumberland ,  in  thele  words,  (i)  What  can  be  the  mean¬ ing,  fays  he,  of  that  Jhower  of  blood  which,  in  Lent,  we  faw  at  York,  the  metropolis  of  the kingdom,  near  St.  Peter*  s  church ,  defending  with  great  horrour  from  the  roof  of  the  north  part of  the  houfe,  in  a  clear  day?  may  not  one  imagine  that  this  prefages  deftruftion  and  blood  to  us from  that  quarter  ?  This  letter  was  wrote  from  France  to  Egbert,  near  fifty  years  before the  firft  Danifh  invafion,  A.  C.  740,  and  whether  we  believe  the  prodigy,  or  that  this man  was  a  prophet  •,  it  is  certain  the  event  fulfilled  the  prediction,  for  never  was  blood  more cruelly  fpilt  than  in  this  war  nor  no  part  of  England  felt  i.t  fo  fenfibly  as  the  city  of York.  A. (k)  In  the  year  8 67,  the  Northumbrians  had  revolted  from  Ethelred  foie  monarch  of  Eng-  Dccclxyii. land,  and  chofe  for  their  king  one  Ofbert  or  Ofbrightus.  This  OJbert,  fays  Rapin,  (l)  kept his  court  and  refidence  at  York.  Returning  one  day  from  hunting,  the  king  had  a  mind to  refrefh  himfelf  at  the  houfe  of  a  certain  earl,  named  Bruern-Bocard ,  guardian  of  the  fea- eoafts,  againft  the  irruptions  of  the  Danes.  The  earl  happening  to  be  from  home,  his lady,  towhofe  charming  beauty  was  joined  the  moft  engaging  behaviour,  adds  our  French¬ man,  entertained  her  fovereign  with  the  refpeCt  due  to  his  quality.  OJbert  quite  overcome with  the  fight  of  fo  much  beauty,  refolved,  let  the  confequence  be  what  it  would,  to  fa- (h)  Daniil's  hiftory  of  England. (i)  Shiid  fignifuat  pluvia  Janguinis  quae  quadragef  ma¬ il  tempore  Euboraca  civ  it  ate  in  ecclejia  beati  Petri  prin- cipis  apoflolorum ,  quae  caput  ejl  totius  regni ,  vidimus  de borealibus  dornus  fereno  aere  de  fummitate  minaciter  ca- dere  teiii  ?  No  arm  potc/1  futari  a  borealibus  poenas  fan- guinis  venire  fuper  populum,  quod  in  hoc  fafto  nuper  in- gruenti  fuper  domum  dei  incepiffe  videri  potejl.  Ex  epift. Albini  ad  Etbelredum  regem  Northumbrian,  et  cjus  no- bjles.  Lelandi  coll. (k)  Vide  chron ■  Saxon,  hoc  anno. (l)  Rapin' s  hiftory  of  England .  . 8 7  6 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQJJITIES  Book  I. tisfy  his  paffion  without  delay.  Accordingly  on  pretence  of  having  fome  matters  of  im¬ portance  to  communicate  to  her  in  the  earl’s  abfence,  he  led  her  inienfibly  into  a  private room  •,  where,  alter  feveral  attempts  to  bring  her  to  comply  by  fair  means,  he  fell  at  length to  downright  force.  Entreaties,  tears,  cries,  reproaches,  were  ineffe&ual  to  put  a  ftojTto his  raging  paffion  ;  and  his  fervants,  who  knew  their  mailer’s  defign,'and  had  ferved  him no  doubt,  on  the  like  occafions  before,  took  care  no  interruption  fhould  be  given.  After the  commiffion  ol  this  infamous  deed,  he  left  the  countefs  in  fuch  excefs  of  grief  and  vex¬ ation,  that  it  was  not  poflible  for  her  to  hide  the  caufe  from  her  hufband.  So  outragious an  affront  is  never  to  be  forgiven.  Though  Ojlnrt  was  king,  and  earl  Bruern  his  fubjeft,  he relented  fo  highly  this  injury,  that  he  relolved  not  to  flick  at  any  means  to  be  revenged (tn\  Bruern  being  nobly  born,  and  very  powerful  in  kindred,  foon  called  together  the heads  of  them  in  confutation  ;  and  giving  them  to  underftand  the  bafe  ufage  of  the  king, he  told  them,  he  pofitively  refolved  at  any  rate  to  be  revenged.  His  relations  and  friends came  readily  into  his  measures,  and  went  along  with  him  to  York.  When  the  King  faw the  earl,  he  in  a  very  obliging  manner  called  him  to  him.  But  the  earl,  backed  with  his troop  of  triends,  immediately  gave  a  bold  defiance  to  OJbert ,  and  all  homage,  faith,  lands, or  whatever  elfe  he  held  of,  or  ought  him,  from  that  time  gave  up  •,  faying,  that  for  the future  he  never  more  would  obey  fo.fcandalous  a  matter.  And  without  more  delay  he  and his  friends  retired. How  well  he  kept  his  refolution  will  appear  too  plain  in  the  fequel.  Bruern  had  great intereft  with  the  Northumbrians ,  and  this  bafe  action  of  Overt's,  was  naturally  apt  to  alie¬ nate  the  minds  of  his  fubje&s  from  him.  Accordingly,  by  the  management  of  this  earl,  the Bermcians  in  a  little  time  revolted,  and  looking  upon  OJbert  as  unworthy  to  govern,  they elected  another  king  called  Ella  into  the  throne,  with  a  refolution  to  fupport  him  in  it. Thus,  fays  Raj  in,  the  old  divifioris  which  feemed  to  be  quite  laid  afleep,  were  fet  on  foot again,  and  Northumberland  once  more  divided  betwixt  two  kings,  and  two  faftions, who,  continually  aiming  at  one  another’s  deftruttion,  were  but  too  luccefsful  in  their  en¬ deavours. A  civil  war  was  the  fatal  confequence  of  this  divifion.  The  two  kings  did  what  they could  to  decide  the  controverly  by  arms,  but  the  equality  of  their  forces  prevented  the hale  from  turning  on  either  fide,  and  they  both  kept  their  ground.  Earl  Bruern  was heartily  in  Ella's,  intereft,  and  one  would  think  his  revenge  might  have  been  latisfied  in  dif- pofle  fling  OJbert  of  half  of  his  dominions;  but.it  was  by  no  means  compleat  whilft  he  faw him  on  the  throne  of  Deira.  And  therefore,  fince  it  would  be,  as  he  rightly  judged,  a difficult  matter  to  carry  it  any  further  without  a  foreign  aid,  his  rafh  and  inconfiderate paffion  hurried  him  to  a  fatal  refolution,  and  he  immediately  failed  for  Denmark,  in  order to  beg  an  affiftance,  which  was  but  too  readily  granted  him.  He  reprelented  to  the  kino- (n)  the  prefent  diftra&ed  ftate  of  the  Northumbrian  kingdom  ,  and  let  him  fee  that,  if  he would  make  ufe  of  the  opportunity,  he  might  witheafe  become  mafter  of  it. (o)  The  king  ol  Denmark  readily  came  into  an  enterprize,  which  his  ambition  and  re¬ venge  fpurred  him  on  to.  His  revenge  was  on  account  of  Lothbroch ,  a  Danijh  general, the  father  of  Uinguar  and  Hubba ,  who  being  driven,  by  accident,  on  the  coaft  of  Norfolk in  a  fmall  fifhing-boat,  was  taken  and  fentenced,  as  he  had  been  informed,  to  be  thrown into  a  ditch  full  of  ferpents,  where  he  milerably  perifhed.  Concerting  meafures  therefore with  Bruern ,  the  Damflj  king  got  ready  a  mighty  fleet  againft  the  lpring,  and  conftituted the  two  brothers  Hinguar  and  Hubba  his  generals.  They  entered  the  Humber  with  this fleet,  which  was  fo  great,  that  it  fpread  a  terror  all  over  England ;  Bruern  was  their  con¬ ductor,  and  as  the  Northumbrians  were  wholly  ignorant  of  the  defign,  they  were  in  no  rea- dinels  to  dilpute  their  landing.  They  foon  became  mafters  of  the  northern  ftiore,  and  ha¬ ving  burnt  and  deftroyed  the  towns  and  inhabitants  on  the  Holdernefs  coaft,  they  marched dire&ly  towards  York,  where  OJbert  was  drawing  an  army  together  to  oppofe  them. In  this  great  extremity  OJbert  applied  to  Ella,  though  his  enemy,  for  his  affiftance,  who willingly  agreed  to  drop  his  private  quarrel  and  join  forces  againft  the  common  enemy  ;  ac¬ cordingly  he  proceeded  with  all  poflible  expedition  to  bring  a  powerful  reinforcement.  If OJbei!  could  have  brought  himlelf  to  have  ftaid  at  York ,  fays  Rapin,  till  Ella's  arrival,  he would  doubtlefs  have  embarrafied  the  Danijh  generals,  who  by  that  means  would  have  been forced  to  oppofe  their  enemies  in  two  places  at  once.  But  his  great  courage  would  not  let him  go  fo  fa'fe  a  way  to  work.  Perhaps  it  was  with  regret  that  he  law  himfelf  conftrained to  have  recourfe  to  his  mortal  foe  for  aid,  or  it  may  be,  he  feared  fome  treachery.  How¬ ever,  this  adds  my  author,  he  fallied  out  of  York ,  and  attacked  the  Danes  fo  vigoroufly, that  they  had  much  a  do  to  ftand  the  ftiock,  and  were  very  near  being  put  in  diforder.  But their  obftinate  refiftance  having  at  length  flackened  the  ardour  of  their  enemies,  they  pufhed (rn)  Brrr.pt on. (n)  Rapin  calls  him  Ivor  or  Hinguar ;  but  Brcmpton Codrittus. (o)  Ivor  fays  Rapin  very  readily  came  into  an  enter- prif.\  which  the  defire  of  revenge,  as  well  as  his  ambi¬ tion  fpurred  him  on  to  ;  Rcgnerus  his  father  havingbecn taken  prifoner  in  England,  was  thrown  into  a  ditch  full of  ferpents,  where  he  milerably  perilhed.  This  whole fentence,  with  fubmifhon  to  that  great  hiftorian,  i«  a miftake,  as  the  confequence  will  fhew them Chap.  III.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  77 them  in  their  turn,  and  compelled  them,  at  laft,  to  retire  without  any  order  into  the  citv Ofberi  definitely  vexed  to  fee  the  viftory  Hatched  out  of  his  hands  when  he  thought  him- e  lure  °.‘ IC>  ,u,e,  a  k?  endeavours  to  rally  his  broken  troops  again  ;  but  was  flain  in  the retreat  with  abundance  of  his  men. This  viftory  opened  the  gates  of  York  to  the  Danes,  who  entered  the  city  in  order  to refrcll,  themlelves,  fays  Rapm,  whilft  Ella  was  advancing  in  hopes  of  repairing  the  lofs OJberl  had  buffered  by  has  too  great  hafte.  Hinguar  having  juft  triumphed  over  one  of  the kings,  and  not  believing  the  other  to  be  more  formidable,  fpared  him  fome  trouble  bv going  to  meet  him.  This  battle  was  no  lefs  fatal  to  the  Englijh,  Ella  loft  his  life  and  his army  was  entirely  routed.  Some  fay  this  prince,  adds  my  author,  was  not  flain  in  battle, murther"  pr‘f0"er;  lnd  ordered  him  t0  be  flayed  alive,  in  revenge,  for  his  father’s Rapm  has  been  the  author  chiefly  from  whence  I  have  copied  the  hiftory  of  the  laft  me¬ morable  event ;  whom  I  have  choie  to  follow  as  well  for  his  diftion  as  matter.  But  from what  authority  he  claims  I  know  not,  for  four  antient  and  creditable  writers  ot' Etglifh  hi- ftory  give  almoft  a  different  account  of  this  whole  tranfaftion;  except  in  the  cafe  of  the rape,  which  is  recorded  by  Brampton.  I  have  taken  tl.e  liberty  alfo  to  alter  fome  of  his proper  names,  as  I  found  them  mifcalled  ;  and  as  to  his  laft  conjecture,  that  Ella  was  taken pnfoner,  and  ufed  in  that  barbarous  manner  by  Hinguar ,  in  revenge  for  his  father’s  mur- ther,  it  would  have  been  a  great  miftake  if  he  had  afferted  it,  for  it  was  Edmund  king  of the  Eajt-Angles  was  the  fuppofed  murtherer,  and  paid  dearly  for  it  afterwards;  bein^tied to  a  tree  and  (hot  to  death,  by  the  Danes  witli  arrows.  The  fpring  of  this  great  revolu¬ tion  in  the  North,, mb, nan  kingdom,  and  after  in  all  England,  with  the  conferences  of  it to  our  city,  I  lhali  beg  leave  to  give  from  the  authorities  in  the  notes  (p ) Brampton  writes  that  Lotbbrocb,  (q)  the  father  of  Hinguar  and  Hubba,  being  fifhing  and fowling  m  a  fmall  boat,  f.ngly  on  fome  of  the  Danijh  coafts,  was  driven  by  ?  hidden  tem- peft  out  to  fea  and  after  a  dangerous  pafiage,  was  thrown  alhore  in  his  boat  on  the  North- folk  coaft  m  England.  He  had  no  creature  with  him  but  his  hawk  and  his  dog  ;  and  be¬ ing  found  was  prefented  to  Edmund  king  of  the  Eaft-  Angles.  Edmund  was  taken  with  his graceful  prefence  and,  hearing  his  ftory,  he  took  him  into  his  court;  where  Lotbbrocb, ^k^^tfman,  and  partook  with It  was  not  long  before  he  fhewed  his  dexterity  in  all  kinds  of  rural  fports  to  be  much  fu- pe nor  to  the  hunt  man  s,  and  was  mightily  in  the  king’s  favour  for  it.  This  Bern  grew  un- ealy  at  it,  and  refolvmg  to  get  rid  of  fo  troublefome  a  rival,  he  took  an  opportunity^  draw Lothhoch  afide  into  a  thicket  where  the  villain  flew  him,  and  hid  thebody.  The  next day  the  king  enquiring  for  Lotbbrocb,  was  told  by  Bern,  that  he  loft  him  in  the  woods and  had  not  feen  him  fince  Some  days  pafled  when  Lolbbrocb’s  dog,  halfftarved  came to  the  palace,  and  being  fed  goes  away  again.  Doing  thus  feveral  times,  the  kind’s  fer- vants  took  notice  of  it,  and  following  the  dog  were  brought  to  the  fight  the  dead  body Bern  was  charged  with  the  murder,  cried,  and  found  guilty  of  it ;  the  fentence  th»  S paired  on  him  was  to  put  him  into  Lotbbrocb’s  boat,  and,  without  tackling,  fails  or  provl5 fions,  to  commit  hum  to  the  mercy  of  the  feas.  The  boat,  as  if  it  knew  it? way  back  was thrown  upon  the  Damjh  coaft  where  Bern  being 'apprehended  as  an  ErijflmL  and™ .  he ,klrjs’  ,he  lnt°™cd  him  Of  Lotbbrocb-,  and  in  a  malicious  lye  told  him,  that  Ed- nmnd,  on  his  landing,  had  ordered  him  to  be  immediately  thrown  into  a  ditch  full  of  fer- This  accident  happening  before  the  Saxon  nobleman’s  arrival  in  order  to  draw  th eDanith heBn°  dC  Nor‘humberl“"‘l>  m  rCT=nge  for  the  ravifhing  of  his  wife  by  OJbert,  made he  Dane  more  leady  to  embrace  it.  Getting  together  a  mighty  fleet;  they  let  fail  and  en Wlth  faff^,and  landing  their  forces  as  near  York  as  could  they ftorbnrfhf-ref-y  t0  rd  t0?k  ,C  Wlth  much  eafe  5  the  walls  of  the  oity,  fays  (r /an  hi- ftouan,  being  in  a  weak  condition  at  that  time,  occafioned  by  the  former  Saxon  wars OJbert  and  Ella  having,  upon  this  occafion,  joined  their  forces,  marched  to  attack  the  Dane's even  the  city  itfelf ;  where  a  cruel  fight  enfued  in  the  very  midft  on  it.  T  wo  kin? having  beat  down  the  walls,  fell  upon  the  Danes  with  fuch  flirv  that  rhev  j  a  — ous  flaughterof  them,  and  drove  them  to  the  laft  extremitv  The  l i?  °<%- occafioned  their  viftory,  fay  my  authors,  for  preflingin  their  turn,  the  Stmus  loftVrouncf and  their  two  kings  happening  to  be  flam,  the  viftory  entirely  fell  to  the  Danes  ”ln  this . R(UJeZT'  H-  ”*"■  S-  »  Mn-  Jr)  AS,  enln,  Me  Mae  Ilia  eioitue  firms  fteM- (q)  LetUreeb,  Anglia,  leatherbreeeh.  TW,  tore  t. ' Affix.  Meneven. i?  given  by  the  tran/lator  of  Ropbi.  ^  „/}  ■  ^  1  ’•  cUm  Jinnonb>“  in  platcis  civitutis 1  Jil>«  jugutat,  fell.  Hinguar,  r<  mtrer.ulm  Jeu X the 7  8 A. DCCCLXX. A. Dcccuxxvn A. Dccccxxv The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. !l-e  generals  cruel  orders  they  knocked  down  and  cut  the  throats  of  all  the  boys ,  young  and  old  men that  they  met  in  the Jlreels  of  the  city.  Matrons  and  virgins  were  ravijhed  at  fleafure.  The hu/band  and  wife  either  dead  or  dying ,  were  toffed  together.  The  infant ,  [notched  from  its  mother  s brrnfl,  was  carried  to  the  thre/hol d,  and  there  left  butchered  at  Us  parent's  door,  to  make  the general  outcry  more  hideous.  .  .  .  .  ,  .  ,  . Brompton  differs  fomewhat  from  the  other  hiftorians  m  the  defcnption  of  this  battle, and  fays  that  Ella  was  not  (lain  with  Open  ;  but  was  fo  little  concerned,  that  having  been hunting  the  day  after  the  battle  was  fought,  as  he  fit  at  dinner,  he  chanced  to  fay,  we  have had  great  luck  to  take  four  deer  and  fix  fawns  to  day,  to  which  words  an  exprefs,  that  was  juft arrived  anfwered,  my  lord  if  you  have  had  fuch  luck  to  day,  and  gained  Jo  muf,  youyejter- day  loll  an  hundred  times  man  ;  for  the  Danes  have  taken  the  city  of  York,  and  Jlain  Ofbert, aj.:l  are  ufl  entering  your  dominions  to  do  the  like  to  you.  Ella  at  this  ftarting  up,  collected  his forces  and  marched  towards  York  with  great  expedition.  The  Danes  were  aware  ot  his coming,  and  met  him  to  the  utter  deftruftion  of  him  and  his.  The  place  where  the  battle was  fought,  non  longe  ab  Eboraco,  fays  my  author,  is  called  to  this  day  Ella  s-croft,  (t) that  is,  Ella’s  overthrow.  ,  ,  ,  ,  .  ,  ,.  ,  , The  Danes  having  reduced  the  kingdom  of  Northumberland  to  their  obedience,  and  put an  end  to  the  Saxon  rule  there,  after  it  had  continued  in  their  poffeffions  near  three  hundred years  Hinguar  gave  the  command  of  it  to  his  brother  Hubba ,  and  configured  him  at  the fame ’time  Rovernour  of  York.  The  two  brothers  then  puffed  their  conquefts  iouthward, where  I  ff all  not  follow  them,  but  obferve  that  Hubba  made  one  (u)  Godram  or  Guthurn, a  Danifh  officer  his  deputy  to  adl  in  his  abfence,  and  left  a  garrifon  under  him  in  the  ci¬ ty.  There  is  a  llreet  in  York  which  ftill  retains  the  name  ot  this  captain, , called  dSohjam or  ©iithiam-'Sate ;  which  alfo  tradition  tells  us  comes  from  a Danip  general’s  reflding  in  it; and  as  it  lies  near  where  the  old  royal  palace  once  flood,  it  is  not  improbable  that  tins  was the  true  derivation.  But  if  any  one  quarrel  with  the  etymology,  let  him  produce  an  apter, from  any  other  language,  if  he  can.  ,  .  ..  , But  the  Danes  were  not  willing  to  trull  the  government  of  the  Northumbrian  kingdom .un¬ der  any  ocher  form  than  kingly;  accordingly  at  their  return  to  York  from  their  fouthern conqueft,  the  two  brothers  Hinguar  and  Hubba  conftituted  one  Egbert  a  Saxon,  out  one entirely  devoted  to  their  fervice,  king  of  Northumberland.  At  this  time,  fays  Sir  John Spelman,  (x)  the  Danip  generals,  with  their  whole  army,  refided  at  York,  where  they  in¬ dulged  themfelves  in  all  kinds  of  violence,  and  barbarous  treatment  of  the  people  1  he blood  of  men,  women,  and  children  was  daily  ffied  to  make  them  fport ;  corn  and  other provifions,  more  damaged  then  conlumed,  fays  my  author,  they  rioted  in  for  above  a  year t0°Egber't  was  foon  deprived  of  his  fovereignty,  and  one  Rigfldge,  or  Ricppus,  a  Dune  had the  government  conferred  upon  him  ;  but  he  being  murthered  by  the  popu  ace  at  York, according  to  Simeon  of  Durham,  Egbert  was  again  reftored.  This  held  not  long  neither, for  the  Danes  Hill  advancing  in  power,  and  having  no  dread  of  the  natives,  the  huge  and rich  kingdom  of  Northumberland  was  cantoned  out  amongfl  their  own  officers.  For  we find  in  the  reign  of  Edward  the  elder,  three  kings  of  Damjb  race  poffeffed  it.  Sttbnck and  Nigcll  his  brother  reigned  beyond  the  Tyne,  and  Reginald  had  the  city  of  lork  with  all the  country  betwixt  the  rivers  Tine  and  Humber.  Thefe  kings  were  at  lad  compelled  to fubmit  to  the  arms  of  the  vieftorious  Alhelftane,  the  fucceffor  of  the  lad  named  Edward and  doing  homage,  were  permitted  to  keep  their  poffeffions.  Sttbnck,  one  ol  them,  had his  daughter  in  marriage,  on  condition  he  would  turn  Chriftian. ,  This  calm  laded  for  a  very  fmall  time,  for  Sitbrick  dying  the  firft  year  of  his  marria0e, 7v)  his  fons  Godfrey  and  Anlaff,  offended  that  their  pagan  gods  were  neglefted,  by  means  of their  father’s  laft  wife,  Itirred  up  the  Northumbrian  Danes  to  rebel  ;  which  attempt  brought Alhelftane  upon  them  fo  fuddenly,  that  the  two  fons  of  Subnet,  with  Reginald  had  much ado  to  efcape  falling  into  his  hands  at  York.  The  city  he  took,  and  with  it  all  Northum¬ berland  fubmitted,  except  the  caftle  of  York  ;  wh.ch  being  then  prodigioufly  ftrong,  and well  manned  with  Damp  foldiers,  held  out  a  long  time  For  we  are  told  that  Godfnd made  an  attempt  upon  York,  by  means  of  his  friends  in  the  garrifon,  but  did  not  fucceed in  ir  What  end  made  (z)  Reginald  I  know  not ;  but  the  two  brothers  Godfrey  and Anlaff, having  been  difappointed  in  their  laft  attempt,  fled  one  into  Scotland,  and  the  other  into Ireland,  in  order  to  gain  aid  to  try  their  fortunes  once  again.  They  fucceeded  fo  well. virginaltm  pudicitiam  Ivdibrio  tradendam  mandat.  Ma¬ ritas  cum  conjugt  out  mortuus  out  moribundus  jacebat , in  limine  infans  yaptus  a  malris  uberibus  ut  major  effet ujulatus,  trucidabutur  coram  mater  nil  obtutibus. (,)  There  i  no  place,  in  or  near  the  city,  that  I  can  fix this  name  up  n,  except  it  be  corrupted  to  Ling  croft,  near Kulf  ■  It|io  certain  there  is  no  ling  growing  on  ic,  nor pro'  -  i-iv  ever  was  the  f  dl  being  a  dry  land  cannot  na- tur.  li y  produce  that  plant  Ling  docs  certainly  here  im¬ port  ant  i her  meaning,  for  Dr.  Skinner  lays  it  is  a  word quod  qualitatem  no  tat,  ct  pertmere  aut  jfettare  ad  ah  quern eft.  Skinner's  etvm.  dift. (u)  This  Gutbrum  turned  Chriftian,  and  when  bap¬ tized,  Alfred  the  Great  was  his  godfather;  who  gave  him the  country  of  E aft- Anglia,  which  he  governed,  or  ra¬ ther  Ipoiled  for  twelve  years.  Hell,  chron. (x)  Spelman  in  vita  Alfreds  Magni. (z)  The  Saxon  chronicle  fays  that  ^.DCCCCXXIV. king  Reginald  wone  the  city  of  York  by  aflaulc,  expugna- vit  Eboracum.  GibJun's  Sax.  chron. that S Chap.  III.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  79 that  they  drew  along  with  them  a  vaft  multitude  of  lrijh ,  Scotch ,  and  even  Weljh  foldiers, with  their  refpedtive  kings  at  the  head  of  them  ;  who  all  had  reafon  to  fear  the  grow¬ ing  greatnefs  of  Athelfiane.  Entring  the  Humber  with  a  fleet  of  fix  hundred  fail,  whilft Athelfiane  was  carrying  the  war  on  in  Scotland ,  they  landed  their  forces  and  marched  to Tork  before  the  king  had  any  intelligence  of  the  matter.  They  foon  raifed  the  fiege  of  the caftle,  which  Atheljtane  had  turned  into  a  blockade  ;  but  durft  not  attempt  to  take  the  ci¬ ty,  hearing  that  Athelfiane  was  on  his  march  againft  them.  As  a  battle  was  to  be  fought, and  trufting  in  their  numbers,  they  went  from  Tork  to  meet  him,  and  at  HSruitaitburg,  fince called  Bromford ,  in  Northumberland ,  a  molt  bloody  engagement  enfued,  where  Athelfiane gained  a  compleat  victory,  and  flew  Confiantine  king  of  Scotland ,  five  petty  kings  of  Ire¬ land  and  Wales ;  twelve  general  officers,  and  deftroyed  their  whole  army. Athelfiane  at  his  return  to  Tork  from  this  vicftory,  razed  the  (a)  caftle  to  the  ground, Doxo^.,, left  it  lhould  be  any  more  a  nurfery  of  rebellion  •,  and  being  now  foie  monarch  of  England , he  conferred  thofe  honours  on  the  churches  of  St.  John  of  Beverley ,  and  St.  Wilfrid  at  Ri- pon,  which  the  monkijh  hiftories  are  fo  full  of.  Our  own  hiftorians  ftick  not  to  fay,  that this  vi£lory  made  him  king  of  the  whole  ifland  ;  but  Buchanan  here  ftickles  for  his  country, and  feems  to  fneer  at  the  credulity  of  the  Englijh ,  who  are  fo  wife  as  to  believe  it.  Athcl- ftane ,  however,  died  in  perfeft  tranquillity,  and  left  his  whole  dominions  to  Edmund  the eldeft  of  the  legitimate  fons  of  Edward ,  furnamed  the  Elder ,  himfelf  dying  without  if- iue  (b)-  .  .  .  A. This  prince  was  very  young  at  his  coming  to  the  crown,  which  encouraged  the  Northum-  dccccxl. bers,  ever  prone  to  rebel,  to  hope  for  a  revolution  in  their  favour.  They  lent  to  invite Anlaff  from  Ireland ,  whither  he  had  the  good  luck  to  efcape  to  from  the  laft  battle,  to  come over  and  head  them.  But  Anlaff  wifely  knowing  that  an  invaflon  without  ftrong  alfiftance from  fome  foreign  power,  would  be  of  no  fervice,  fet  himfelf  about  once  more  to  obtain it.  He  found  means  to  draw  over  Olaus  king  of  Norway  to  his  intereft,  with  a  large  pro- mife  of  money  if  he  fucceeded.  With  the  troops  and  fhipping  that  this  king  furnifhed him  with,  he  once  more  entered  the  north,  and  coming  before  Tork ,  the  gates  were  imme¬ diately  opened  to  him,  by  means  of  the  good  underftanding  he  had  with  the  principal  in¬ habitants,  who  were  then  moft  or  all  of  them  Danijh  in  that  city,  (c)  The  example  oi  the metropolis  was  foon  followed  by  feveral  other  towns  in  that  diftrift,  whofe  garrifons  were  ei¬ ther  drove  out  or  cut  in  pieces  by  the  inhabitants ;  and  thus  got  Anlaff  entire  pofleflion  of all  Northumberland  ;  and,  not  content,  was  ftretching  his  conqueft  farther  and  attacked Mercia. Edmund ,  the  Englijh  king,  though  not  above  feventeen  or  eighteen  years  old,  was  not backward  in  his  preparations,  to  ftop  the  progrefs  of  this  bold  invader.  Having  raifed an  army,  he  met  Anlaff  at  Chcfier ,  where  an  obftinate  battle  was  fought,  but  with  fuch equality,  that  neither  lide  could  brag  of  victory.  Refolving  to  try  it  out  next  day,  a peace  was  concluded  by  the  mediation  of  Odo  and  Wolff  an,  the  two  archbilhops  of  Canter¬ bury  and  Tork ;  who  laboured  all  night  to  obtain  it.  By  this  treaty  Edmund  was  obliged to  give  up  all  the  country,  north  of  the  Roman  highway,  which  divides  England  into  two equal  parts,  to  Anlaff.  This  conceflion  of  Edmund’s  was  highly  difhonourable,  but  the two  bifhops  prevailed  on  him  to  accept  it ;  and  thus  got  Anlaff  a  larger  fhare  of  Britain  than his  father  Sithrich  ever  pofiefled. But  his  glory  was  lhort  lived,  for  the  Northumbrians ,  vexed  at  a  tax  he  had  impofed  on them,  in  order  to  pay  off  the  great  fubfidy  due  to  the  king  of  Norway  for  his  aid  and  af- fiftance,  revolted  again.  The  antient  kingdom  of  Bernicia  firft  fliewed  die  way,  by  fend¬ ing  for  Reginald ,  fon  to  his  brother  Godfrid,  and  crowning  him  king  at  Tork.  Once  more a  civil  war  was  preparing  to  break  out  betwixt  the  uncle  and  nephew ;  the  Englifo  king might  have  laid  hold  of  this  opportunity  to  have  deftroyed  them  both  ;  but  he  did  no more  than  come  with  a  great  army  and  frighten  them  at  once  into  peace  and  chriffianity. A  treaty  was  begun  and  concluded  at  Tork ,  wherein  it  was  ftipulated,  that  Reginald  lhould keep  the  crown  he  had  got,  and  Edmund  obliged  them  both  to  fwear  fealty  to  him,  as alfo  to  turn  Chrifiians.  The  king  himfelf  ftood  godfather  to  Reginald ,  who  had  been  bap¬ tized  at  his  confirmation  ;  and  to  Anlaff  at  the  font  •,  the  ceremony  was  performed  by  Wol- ftan ,  then  archbilhop  of  this  fee,  in  his  cathedral  ( d ).  A A  religion  and  peace,  impofed  upon  them  by  com  pul  fion,  lafted  them  not  long;  and  itDccccxinv. was  a  very  fmall  time  before  they  took  up  arms  and  broke  the  latter ;  which  fhews  the former  was  no  tye  to  them.  Edmund  was  hidden  in  his  coming  againft  them,  and  marched fo  quick  that  he  furprized  them  before  they  could  draw  a  fufficient  number  of  forces  ready to  oppofe  him.  In  lhort  they  both  fled  the  ifland,  and  the  Danes  being  thus  deferted  by their  leaders,  had  nothing  to  do  but  to  fling  down  their  arms  and  fubmit  to  the  king’s mercy.  This  they  obtained  of  him,  and  Edmund  took  no  other  revenge  on  them  than  to caufe  their  principal  to  fwear  allegiance  to  him,  which  they  did  ;  however  he  joined  their (a)  Athelflanus  interea  Caftrum,  quod  olim  Dani  in Eboraco  ob firm  aver  ant,  ad  folum  dim  it  t  tie  ejjet  quod  ft tutari  pojfet  perfdia.  Gul.  Melduncnfu. (b)  Speed. ( c)  Rapin. (d)  Sim.  Dun.  Hen.  Hunt. whole 8o A. Dccccxlv: A. DCCCCL. Phe  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book I. Whole  country  to  his  own  government,  without  the  admittance  of  any  fecondary,  or  viceroy, to  rule  there  under  him  (e). '•  Thus  was  the  Saxon  king  Edmund  re-inftated  into  the  fovereignty  of  all  England ;  but,  be¬ ing  taken  off  in  the  flower  of  his  age,  by  an  unhappy  accident,  Edred  his  brother  fucceded him.  It  was  now,  again,  the  turbulent  fpirit  of  the  Northumbrian  Danes  began  to  fhew  it felf,  imagining  that  this  king  wanted,  with  the  years,  the  experience  of  his  brother  (f). But  they  found  themfelves  miftaken,  for  Edred  was  not  inferiour  to  the  former  king,  either in  courage  or  conduit  •,  and  in  this  firft  affair  he  fufficiently  fhewed  it.  For  he  made  fuch expedition  in  marching  againft  them,  that  he  got  into  the  heart  of  their  country,  before the  Danes  could  think  that  he  knew  their  deflgn.  Catched  fo  at  unawares,  they  had  no¬ thing  to  do  but  to  fubmit  to  the  conqueror’s  mercy,  which  like  that  of  his  brother’s  was foon  come  at  •,  a  fine,  no  ways  confiderable,  was  all  he  impofed,  they  promifing  with  oaths and  proteftations  to  be  for  ever  obedient  and  peaceable.  But  it  was  not  in  their  nature  to keep  this  promife,  and  Edred  had  hardly  got  back  into  Wefi-fex  before  they  fent  over  for their  old  friend  Anlaff ,  who  had  again  fled  to  Ireland.  He  made  fuch  hafte  to  obey  their fummons,  and  by  their  afliftance,  after  his  arrival,  pufhed  on  his  conquelt  fo  faff,  that  he was  mafter  of  2'ork  and  all  the  north,  before  Edred  could  come  to  oppole  him-,  and  when he  did  come,  he  found  it  impoflible  to  diflodge  him. In  lpight  of  all  that  Edred  could  do,  Anlaff  continued  king  of  Northumberland  four  years after  his  laft  reftauration  (g).  But  his  tyrannical  temper,  or  their  mutability,  occafioned another  revolt-,  and  Anlaff  was  expelled,  and  one  Eric  was  chofe  by  them  in  his  room. This  brought  on  another  civil  war;  Anlaff  hid  yet  a  party,  and  the  two  fadtions  endea¬ vouring  to  deftroy  one  another,  gave  Edred  an  opportunity  that  he  well  knew  how  to  im¬ prove.  He  marched  diredtly  into  the  north  which  was  all  in  confufion,  for  the  Northum¬ brians  had  taken  no  meafure  to  refill  him;  fo  eager  they  were  to  feek  each  others  dellruc- tion.  At  Edred’ s  coming  Eric  fled  into  Scotland ,  leaving  his  people  once  more  to  the  Saxon king’s  mercy,  who  had  threatned  to  deftroy  their  whole  country  with  fire  and  fworci from  end  to  end.  He  began  to  put  his  threats  in  execution  by  burning  the  town  and  mo- naftery  of  Ripon ;  but  being  Ihocked  enough  with  that,  the  good  king  defifted  from  any Further  mifehief  to  them,  and  fuffered  himfelf  to  be  fo  far  amufed  with  their  folcmn  oaths and  proteftations,  which  they  were  no  ways  fparing  on  to  appeafe  his  juft  anger,  that  his generous  difpofition  not  only  forgave  them  their  trefpaffes,  but  he  recalled  Eric  out  of Scotland  to  York ,  replaced  him  on  the  throne,  and,  without  impofing  any  tribute,  took only  his  oath  of  allegiance. It  is  amazing  to  think  that  a  perfon  of  Edred’%  high  character  in  hiftory,  for  wifdom and  conduct,  fhould  fufter  himfelf  to  be  diverted  fo  far  from  his  firft  intention,  by  any thing  thefe  faithlels  people  could  fay  or  do  to  him.  Numberlefs  examples  of  their  fince- rity  in  keeping  the  molt  folemn  oaths  and  proteftations,  to  himfelf  and  predeceffors,  might have  taught  him  that  nothing  but  the  fword,  exercifed  in  the  fharpeft  manner,  could  give him  fecurity  of  thefe  parts  of  his  kingdom.  But,  the  chrifiian  religion  which  teaches  to  for¬ give  our  enemies ,  and  to  do  good  to  thofe  that  hate  and  defpitefully  ufe  us ,  was  fo  warmly  placed in  the  breaft  of  this  good  king,  as  well  as  in  fome  others  of  his  race,  that  to  Hied  the blood  even  ol  pagan  Danes  was  held  unlawful.  A  few  chriftnings  ufually  difarmed  their fierceft  anger;  and  to  Hand  godfather  at  the  baptifm  of  a  pagan  prince,  was  looked  upon to  be  more  glorious  than  the  conquering  his  kingdom.  Nay  fo  far  did  their  zeal  ftretch, that  they  feemed  to  invite  martyrdom  at  the  hands  of  thefe  heathens  when  overcome  by them  ;  as  in  the  cafe  of  St.  Edmund ,  who  might  have  efcaped  from  his  cruel  enemy  Hin- guar ,  if  he  had  not  been  actuated  by  this  principle.  A  ltedfaft  adherence  to  th eChrijlian religion  when  it  comes  even  to  a  fiery  tryal,  is  highly  commendable;  and  one  dying  mar¬ tyr  converts  more  than  a  thouiand  living  preachers.  But  to  avoid  fuch  a  fate  as  much  as poflible,  in  an  honeft  way,  is  furely  conlonant  to  the  law  of  nature,  and  I  am  ignorant  of any  paffage  in  the  law  of  God  that  puts  us  upon  it.  So  alfo  the  deftrudtion  of  our  own fpecies  in  war,  is,  molt  certainly,  cruel  and  barbarous  in  the  execution,  but  yet  to  flay  is to  fave  in  fome  cafes  ;  and  Edred’s  ill-timed  mercy  here  with  the  Danes ,  as  that  before  in Aurelius  Ambrofius  with  the  Saxons ,  when  he  might  have  extirpated  the  whole  generation  of his  enemies  from  his  own  country,  with  all  the  jultice  in  the  world,  proved  the  lofs  of thoufands  of  his  own  fubjedt’s  lives  and  the  kingdom  alfo. To  give  Edred  a  fpeedy  inftance  what  wonderful  effedts  his  clemency  had  wrought  on their  minds,  after  he  had  fettled  matters  to  his  own,  and,  feemingly,  to  their  contents, he  took  leave  of  them,  and  marched  fouthward  with  his  army,  in  a  careleis  and  diforder- ly  manner.  Not  dreaming  of  danger,  nor  keeping  any  guard  againft  a  people  he  had  jull then  fo  prodigioufly  obliged.  The  Danes ,  taking  notice  of  his  negligence  and  diforderly march,  (allied  out  of  York  in  great  numbers  after  him;  and  overtaking  him  at  Cajllefordy ( b)  let  upon  his  rear  with  fuch  fury  and  refolution,  that  had  not  the  king’s  valour,  con- (e)  Speed. (f)  Rapin. ({)  Supin,  Speed. (b)  Lelanai  coll,  it  appears  by  this  rout  of  the  army that  they  followed  the  Rv.’/ian  roads  in  thole  days. Chap. III.  of  the  Cl  TY  of  YORK.  81 dutt  and  management,  in  this  nice  juncture,  been  very  extraordinary,  he  and  all  his  army mull  infallibly  have  been  cut  to  pieces.  Enraged  at  this  black  piece  of  ingratitude,  he once  more  ordered  his  ftandard  to  be  turned  againll  them.  His  chrijlian  virtues  of  mercy, pity,  (Ac.  this  lad  attempt  had  quite  druck  out  of  his  bread ;  and  indead  thereof  came  an¬ ger,  fury  and  revenge;  with  which  he  advanced  to  the  gates  of  York r,  in  order  to  make dreadful  examples  of  thefe  mifcreants  to  all  poderity.  At  his  coming  to  the  city,  they beheld  him  ready  to  take  vengeance  of  them,  and  they  not  able  to  make  the  lead  rc- fidance.  In  this  extremity  they  had  recourfe  to  their  old  fubtlety,  but  being  fenfible their  oaths  and  protedations  would  go  for  nothing  with  the  king,  they  very  humbly  im¬ plored  his  pardon  on  what  terms  he  would  be  plealed  to  give  it.  And  to  convince  the king  they  were  now  in  earned,  they  folemnly  renounced  Eric ,  and  put  him  to  death  ; along  with  Amac,  the  fon  of  Anlajf,  whom  they  charged  with  being  the  principal  movers in  this  treachery.  Then,  fays  old  Simeon  of  Durham,  regi’s  injurias  honoribus ,  deirimentd muncribus  expleverunt  ;  ejitfque  offenfam  pecunia  non  modica  placaverunt.  Edred  was  pa¬ cified  by  thefe  means,  he  fpared  their  lives,  but  took  deep  vengeance  on  their  purfes; and  alfo  took  from  them  the  very  power  to  rebel  again,  by  placing  drong  Englifj  garri- fons  in  their  chided  towns  and  fortreffes  •,  he  likewife  dilTolved  their  monarchical  govern¬ ment,  and  turned  the  antient  kingdom  of  Northimberland  into  a  province.  What  became of  Anlajf ,  the  lad  king,  I  know  not,  it  is  probable  he  died  abroad  ;  no  author  making any  mention  of  him  after  Edred’ s  lad  expedition  into  the  north.  We  now  drop  from  a  king¬ dom  to  an  earldom,  as  Edred  thought  fit  to  alter  the  government  ;  the  fird  earl  thereof, by  his  own  appointment,  was  one  Ofulpb,  an  Anglo-Saxon  or  Englijhman.  A. The  alteration  made  in  the  government  produced  a  very  good  effect  •,  for  the  turbulent  and  DCCL’cu, rebellious  fpirit  of  the  Nqrtbumbrian-Danes  was  fo  continually  awed  by  Englijh  governours and  Englijh  garrifons,  that  during  the  almod  condant  wars  betwixt  the  Saxon  and  Danjlo kings,  for  near  an  age  after  this,  the  northern  parts  kept  quiet.  And  York  continued with  its  carls,  as  Edred  left  it,  till  the  divifion  of  the  kingdom  into  /hires,  and  the  vice- comes  took  place  of  the  real  one.  A The  Scotch  hidorians,  however,  write,  (l)  that  the  total  conqued  over  the  Saxons  by  the  MX, Danes  was  gained  in  a  victory  near  our  city-,  by  Swain  king  of  Denmark ,  againd  (m) Egelred  king  of  England.  The  Danes  had  pitched  their  tents  on  the  banks  of  the  river Oufe  not  far  from  York,  where  Egelred  with  an  army,  drengthened  with  a  number  of  Scots , marched  to  attack  them.  Swain  fent  an  herald  to  warn  the  Scots  from  fighting,  having fome  obligation  to  their  king5  but  they  refufing,  a  bloody  battle  enfued,  in  which  the Englijh  and  Scots  were  worded,  great  numbers  flain,  and  an  entire  victory  left  to  the  Danes , Egelred  himfelf,  with  fome  few  others  got  a  boar,  and  pafiing  over  the  river  Oufe,  fled dreight  into  Normandy,  leaving  his  crown  and  kingdom  to  the  conqueror. We  now  come  to  a  fucceflion  of  the  earls,  or  Comiles  Norlhnmbriae,  who  had  their  refi- dence  in  York  as  well  as  the  kings  ;  and  had,  under  fubjedion  to  the  univerfal  monarch  of England,  the  lame  authority.  We  are  told  that  Edred  fird  commiffioned (n)  Qfulph,  who  in  the  fucceeding  reign  of  Edgar  had Ofac  for  a  partner  in  the  government.  Ofidph  took  the  more  northern  parts  and  Oflac had  York,  and  the  confines  of  the  province  on  that  fide,  committed  to  his  care.  To  thefe fucceeded  in  the  whole Waltheoj ,  ufually  called  the  elder-,  whofe  fon Ulhred,  or  Uhl  bred  came  after  him  -,  then 1  Uncus,  or  Yricus ,  made  earl  of  Northumberland  by  king  Canute. Eadulph,  furnamed  Cutel  or  Cudel  ;  to  whom  fucceeded Aldred,  who  being  flain, Eadulph,  the  fecond,  his  brother,  enjoyed  it;  to  all  thefe,  hidorians  have  affixed  nd dates ;  nor  any  particulars  relating  to  their  refpcdtive  governments ;  till  this  earl  was flain  by A.  C. MLIV.  Shvard ;  then  fucOeeddd MLV.  Yofy ;  brother  to  Harold  king  of  England.  Slain  at  Stanfordburgh  ;  laflly came MLXV.  Morchar  ;  which  deduces  the  earls  of  Northumberland  to  the  Norman  conqued. An  hidorical  account  of  the  three  lad  is  much  to  my  purpofe. Siward  earl  of  Northumberland  was  the  mod  valiant  man  of  his  time,  and  of  fnch  un  ¬ common  fortitude  and  might,  that  the  Danes,  fays  William  of  Mahnjbury,  furnamed  him (o)  iDigcra,  that  is,  the  great.  Brompton  f\ ays,  he  was  almod  of  a  gigantick  dature  ;  and tells  an  odd  dory,  that  his  father  Bern  was  born  of  a  young  lady  in  Denmark,  whom  a  bear met  accidentally  in  a  wood  and  ravified.  The  offspring  of  this  extraordinary  copulation (!)  Holt.  Scotch  chron.  H.  Boot. ( rn)  The  Englijh  hillorians  call  him  E  their ed. ( n)  Sim.  Dunelm. (o)  iDigcva,  Danice,  magnus.  3Hcraut>cv  tugcra, i.  e.  Alexander  magnus.  Jacob.  Serenii  diclion.  Ang. Saethic-  Lac. Y had 8z  T)oe  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  'Book  I. had  the  cars  of  his  father  given  him  to  {hew  his  breed  (p).  This  Sward  was  fent  by  king Edward  the  confeffor,  with  an  army  of  ten  thou  {add  Englrfh  foldiers  into  Scotland,  to  aid Malcolm  agdinll  the  tyrant  Mdcbeth  -,  him  he  flew  and  let  Malcolm  on  the  throne  of  Scot¬ land.  His  only  fon  was  {lain  in  this  expedition,  which  when  the  earl  was  told  of,  he llernly  afked,  whether  he  had  received  his  death's  wound  before  or  behind?  being  told  be¬ fore,  it  is  well ,  anfwers  he,  I  rejoice  that  my  fen  was  thought  worthy  of  fo  honourable  a death  (q). Siward  fell  ill  of  the  flux  at  York ,  and  being  brought  to  the  laft  extremity  by  that  fil¬ thy  difeafe,  the  warrior  cried  out,  ( r)  Oh  what  a  Jhatne  is  it  for  me,  who  have  efcaped death  in  fo  many  dangerous  battles ,  to  die  like  a  beafl  at  laft.  Put  mi  on  my  impenetrable  coat of  mail ,  adds  he,  gird  on  my  fword,  place  on  my  helmet ,  give  me  my  fee  eld  in  my  right  hand, and  my  (s)  golden  battle-ax  in  my  left  -,  thus  as  a  valiant  foldier  I  have  lived,  even  fo  /  will  die. His  friends  obeyed  him,  which  was  no  fooner  done  then  he  expired  ;  and  was  buried  in  the cloifter  of  his  own  monaflery  at  York  (t) Siward  left  a  fon,  born  after  the  lofs  of  the  former  •,  but  he  being  in  the  cradle  (u)  at his  father’s  death,  Tofy  or  Yoflo,  fecond  fon  to  earl  Goodwin,  chief  minifter  of  date  to  Ed¬ ward  the  confeffor,  found  means  to  procure  this  opulent  earldom  to  himfelf.  A  man  of the  vileft  charadter,  in  every  point  of  life,  that  I  have  yet  met  with.  Yofo  ruled  over  the Northumbrians  v/ith  great  cruelty  and  barbarity  ;  impofing  numberlefs  taxations  on  them for  the  fpace  of  ten  years  together.  It  was  a  long  time  for  their  flubborn  fpirits  to  bear fuch  treatment ;  at  length  being  provoked,  at  his  caufing  certain  noblemen  of  that  country to  be  (x)  murthered,  in  his  own  chamber,  at  York-,  when  he  had  allured  them  thither on  pretence  of  eafing  their  grievances.  As  alfo  another  more  fcandalous  affair  of  making minced-meat  of  his  brother  Harold's  fervants-,  their  hearts  were  fo  much  fet  againft  him, that  they  rofe  with  one  accord  in  order  to  rid  themfelves,  and  the  world,  of  fuch  a  mon- fter.  The  Northumbrians  came  upon  Yofo  fo  fuddenly,  that  he  narrowly  efcaped  their  fu¬ ry;  and  had  juft  time  to  fly  from  York  with  his  wife  and  children  to  the  lea-coall;  from whence  he  found  means  to  be  conveyed  into  Flanders,  and  came  no  more  into  England  du¬ ring  the  confeffor' s  reign.  Miffing  of  their  chief  aim,  the  revolters  took  all  the  revenge they  could  on  what  he  had  left  behind  him.  They  fpoiled  and  plundered  his  palace,  broke open  his  exchequer,  took  and  converted  whatever  money  was  there  to  their  own  ufe, drowned  two  hundred  of  his  fervants  in  the  river  Oufe ,  as  Simeon  fays,  extra  muros  civita- tis-,  and  whatever  horfes,  armour,  or  houftiold fluff  was  in  or  about  the  palace  was  all  car¬ ried  off(zJ.  Befidesall  this,  they  obftinately  refufed  to  lay  down  their  arms,  till  the  king fhould  appoint  another  governor,  whom  they  promifed  punctually  to  obey. At  the  news  of  this  infurrection,  Harold  the  brother  of  Yoflo  was  fent  to  reduce  them  ; but  he  having  had  a  fmart  tafte  of  his  brother’s  cruelty,  eafily  gave  into  the  juftnefs  of their  complaints  (a).  Efpecially  when  they  told  him  plainly,  that  they  being  freemen  born and  bred  out  of  bondage,  would  not  fuffer  any  cruel  ruler  to  lord  it  over  them,  being  taught  by their  anccfors,  either  to  live  in  liberty,  or  die  in  the  defence  of  it  (b).  Upon  which  at  their own  requeft,  and  by  the  king’s  confcnt,  he  affigned  them  one  Morchard  or  Morcharus  for their  governor. Yoflo  was  now  an  exile  in  Flanders,  but  no  fooner  did  he  hear  of  king  Edward's  death, and  his  brother’s  feizing  the  crown,  than  he  prepared  to  invade  him.  He  muftered  a  few forces  and  {hipping,  with  which  he  landed  on  the  Lincolnfhire  coaft ;  but  Morchar  the  new earl  defeated  him,  and  fent  him  to  fea  again.  After  this  misfortune  he  failed  into  Scot¬ land,  in  hopes  to  ftir  up  Malcolm  the  Scotch  king  to  invade  England-,  but  that  prince  dis¬ daining  his  caufe,  he  was  obliged  to  put  to  fea  again,  where  he  purpofed  to  land  fomc- where  on  the  Englifh  coaft,  and  once  more  to  try  his  fortune.  At  fea  he  met  with  a  ftorm which  drove  him  into  Norway,  and  here  he  accidentally  Humbled,  fay  s  Rap  in,  on  what  he had  been  feeking  for  fo  induftrioufly. (c)  Harold  Harfager  king  of  Norway  had  juft  then  fubdued  fome  of  the  ifles  called  Or - cades  belonging  to  Scotland,  and  was  fitting  out  a  fleet  more  numerous  in  order  to  extend  his conquefts.  Tojlo  being  informed  of  this  prince’s  defigns,  went  direftly  to  him,  pretending he  was  come  on  purpole  to  propole  a  more  noble  undertaking.  He  reprefented  to  him  that a  favourable  opportunity  offered  to  conquer  England,  if  he  would  but  turn  his  arms  that MLV. (p)  Brampton- (q)  <$uere.  Whether  this  fpcech,  and  unconcern  for the  ’death  of  an  only  ion,  did  not  favour  very  much  of the  grandfather  ? (r )  Higdeni  Policbrcn. (i)  Sieuris  aureus,  or  the  golden  battleax,  was  for¬ merly  a  mark  of  ibvereignty. (t)  A.  loq?.  Strenuus  dux  Northanhimbrorum  Si- wardus  Eboraci  deceit,  et  in  m.nafterio  Galmanho, quod  ipje  eonjhuxerat  fepultus  eft.  Hovedcn. (u)  P arbutus  cr at  in  euncis  jacens.  Polichron. ( x )  The  names  of  two  of  them  were  Gomel  the  fon of  Ornus,  and  U/fus  the  fon  of  Delphian*.  S.  Dun. ( z  )  Chron.  Sax. (  a  )  Tdofto  upon  a  quarrel  with  his  brother  went  down to  his  country-houfe  and  flew  all  his  fervants,  who  were preparing  an  entertainment  for  the  king’s  coming  down there.  After  which  he  chopped  them  in  pieces,  and call  into  this  hoglhead  of  wine  a  leg,  into  that  barrel  of cyder  an  arm,  into  this  vefTel  of  ale  a  head,  and  fo  be¬ llowed  all  the  dead  carcafies  into  what  other  hogfhead;  of wine,  mead,  &c.  that  he  could  come  at  in  the  houfe. H.  Hunt.  M.  Weft. ( b)  Knighton. ( c )  Rapin,  Speed. way. Chap. lit;  .  of  the  CITY-  of  YORK. way.  The  better  to  perfuadehim  to  it,  he  told  him  there  were  in  England  two  powerful faftions,.  the  one  lor  prince  'Edgar,  the  other  for  the  duke  of  Normandy  ;-and  therefore  the Englijb  arms,  being  thuadivided,  he  would  find  it  no  hard  matter  to  fubdueali.  'Addin"  that' he  himfelf  had  a  ftrong  party  in  Northumberland,  which  would  much  forward  the  bufmefri In  fine,  he  brought  him  tb  believe  that  the  king  his  brother  was  extremely  odious  to  the Englijh,  andwouldcertainly.be  deferted  by  them,  as  fo'on  as  they  fhould1  find  in  England ' a  foreign  army  ftrong. enough  to  fupport  them.  Harfager,  greedy  of  fame,  and  already devouring  in  his  imagination  lb  glorious  a  prize,  wanted  little  follicitation  to  draw  him to  it.  ...■•• The  king  of  Norway  and'  Tofto  having  got  all  things  in  readinefs  for  their  intended  inva- fion,  let  fail  for  Enghmi-ytnh  a'  fleet  of  near-fix  hundred  fail,  fays  Simeon  of  Durham ;  fome call  them  five  hundred  great  fhips,  others  only,  two  hundred,  whilft  others  have  railed  them to  a  thouland,  fays  Milton ,  With  this  mighty  fleet  they  entered  the  (e)  Humber  and  brought their  fhips  againft  the  ftreanr  of  the  river. Oufe,  as  far  as-Kitfeall  or  tticljTjall  within  fix miles  of  York.  Here  they  landed  and  moored  their  veffels.  It-  is  certain  io  vail  and  nume¬ rous  a  fleet,  containing  fucll  a  great  number  of  land-lorces  on  board,  could  come  no  nearer York-,  and  it  is  wonderful  at  this  time  a  day  how  they  could  advance'fo  high.  Having landed  their  forces,  they  marched  diredlly  againft  York,  which,  fays  Simeon  “they  took  by florin,  after  a  fore  confiift  with  Morcbar  the  governour,  and  Edwin  carl  of  Chejttr,  his brother,  who  had  haftily  raifed  a  few  forces  to  intercept  them  '(/).  This  defeat  happened on  the  eve  of  St.  Mathew,  A.  1066,  at  jfloulfojD,  a  village  a  mile  fouth-eaft  of  the  city, where,  fays  H.  Huntington,  the  place  of  battle  is  yet  fhewn.  The  laid  named  author,  with others,  alledge  that  the  city  was  not  taken  by  ftorm,  but  the  two  generals  bein"  worded, and  their  fmall  army  being  either  drowned  in  the  river  Oufe  or  cut  in  pieces,  the  city  fur- rendered  on  terms ;  the  inhabitants  wholly  unprovided  for  a  liege,  chofe  rather  to  try  the victor’s. clemency,  than  expofe  themfelves  to  certain  ruin. Harold  king  of  England  was  no  ways  backward  in  his  preparations,  to  flop  the  progrels oi  this  dangerous  invaflon  s  buc  brought  down  to  York  a.  puiflant  army,  immediately  after the  enemy  had  taken  it.  A i  his  approach  they  withdrew  their  forces  from  the  city,  takino- with  them  five  hundrechhoftages  of  the  principal  inhabitants,  whom  they  fent  under  a  ftrong guard  on  board  their  fhips,  and  left,  fays  Milton,  one  hundred  and  fifty  of  their  own  in it.  They  entrenched  themfelves  in  fo  extraordinary  a  manner,  that  it  feemed  a  thing  im- poflible  to  diflodge  them.  For  they  had  the  river  Derwent  in  their  front,  and  on°their right-hand,  not  fordable,  with  only  a  wooden  bridge  to  pais  over  by  ;  their  left  was  flanked by  the  river  Oufe-,  where  lay  their  navy  ready  to  retire  to  in  cale  of  neceffity;  and  their backs  fecured  by  the  German  ocean.  In  this  fituation  they  thought  themfelves  fafe  from any  human  force  diflodging  of  them.  But  Harold,  notwithftanding  the  great  difadvantace, was  rcfolved  to  attack  them  in  their  trenches;  and  the  event  fhews  that  nothin"  can  be too  hard  for  valour  joined  with  condufl:.  The  fight  began  by  day  break,  and  theatreropt fo  defperate  to  pafs  the  bridge,  that  one  Angle  Norwegian,  for  which  our  hiftorians  have juftly  made  his  fame  immortal,  flopped  the  pafTage  to  all //Wd’s  army  for  three  hours  to¬ gether;  and  flew  forty  of  his  men  with  his  own  hand.  At  Lift  this  hardy  fellow  bein" flam,  by  a  dart  flung  at  him,  fay  fome,  or,  as  others  (g )  write,  by  one  in  a  boat,  who got  under  the  bridge  and  thrufl  him  into  the  body  with  a  fpear,  the  Norwegians  gave  way, dilruayed  with  the  lofs  of  their  champion,  and  retiring  to  their  trenches,  buffered  all  Ha¬ rold's  army  to  pafs  the  river.  The  extraordinary  valour  of  this  hero  that  flopped  the  bridge, will  hardly  be  cretlited  by  pollerity,  fays  William  of  Malmjbury,  for  ftanding  in  the  midft ot  it,  he  fullered  none  to  pafs  over,  and  flew  all  that  attempted  it,  or  came  within  his icach  (h).  Being  defined  to  yield  himfelf  up  to  the  Englijh  king  with  large  promifes  of reward,  adequate  to  luck  mighty  flrength  and  valour,  he  fternly  fmiled  at  the  profer,  and defpiled  both  it  and  the  weaknefs  of  thofe  that  let  one  Angle  man  refill  them  all  (i). The  champion  being  flain,  as  I  faid,  and  the  Englijh  army  pafied  the  bridge,  Harold drew  up  his  men,  and  attacked  the  enemies  trenches  fword  in  hand,  where  a  mod  bloody and  obftinate  fight  enfued.  The  aforementioned  hiflorian  writes,  that  there  had  never  been feen  in  England  an  engagement  betwixt  two  fuch  armies,  each  containing  fixty  thoufand men  ;  fugna  ingens,  adds  he,  ulrifue  genlibus  extrema  mlenlibus.  This  battle  lifted  from feven  in  the  morning  till  three  in  the  afternoon,  with  all  the  fury  imaginable  ;  no  quarter being  either  afked  or  received  during  this  dreadful  confiift.  The  viftory  fell  to  Harold the  Englijh  king ;  the  king  of  Norway  and  Yofto  were  flain,  with  the  deftruftion  of  almoft them  whole  army.  For  of  five  or  fix  hundred  fhips  that  brought  them  to  England,  twen¬ ty  ierved  to  carry  back  the  miferable  remains  that  were  fpared  from  (laughter  ;  which  the 8'3 A. MLXVI-. A. MLXYI. (d)  Humbram  ingrediuntur  et  per  Oufe  fiuviolum, f  fie  ad  Eboracum,  omnes  puppet  .idvehuntur.  Ingul- jphtis. (f)  Chron.  Saxon. (?)  H-  Hunt  M.  Weft,  and  Knighton  write,  donee unui  Anglin  naviculam  ingreffus  ipjum  Noricum  per  fo¬ ramina  pant  is  lance  a  perfodiftet. [h )  Gul.  Maltnf (i)  It  Teems  by  this  that  there  was  no  bridge  over  the Derwent  at  Kexby  when  this  battle  was  fought;  die  Ha¬ rold  might  have  paiTed  over  his  army  at  that  place,  and have  attacked  them  in  flank,  being  only  two  miles  beiow the  other. victor The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book I. vidlor  fuffered  to  depart  with  Olaus,  the  king  of  Norway's  fon,  and  Paul  earl  of  Orkney, who  had  elcaped  the  battle  by  being  fet  to  guard  the  fhips.  Harold  however  made  them deliver  up  their  hoftages  fafe,  the  citizens  of  Tork,  and  take  a  folemn  oath  never  to  di- iturb  his  dominions  again. The  king  of  England  fliewed  great  magnanimity  in  this  battle,  and,  if  we  may  credit our  writers,  (k)  flew  the  Norwegian  Icing  with  his  own  hand.  Tofto  his  brother,  beino- fought  for  amongft  the  dead  bodies,  was  at  length  found  ;  but  fo  mangled,  that  had  not  a remarkable  wart  betwixt  his  lhoulders  difcovered  him,  he  might  have  ferved  to  fill  a  pit with  the  commoneft  foldiers  (/).  He  was  carried  to  Tork ,  and  there,  ignominioufly  enough, fays  my  authority,  interred.  The  booty  which  was  found  in  the  camp  was  fo  great,  that Aimund  Bemenfts  writes,  they  took  fo  much  gold,  that  twelve  young  men  could  hardly bear  it  on  their  lhoulders  (m).  This  account,  lince  no  hiftorian  of  our  own  confirms  it, I  muff  beg  leave  to  difient  from  •,  unlefs  we  fuppofe  that  the  city  of  Tork  had  afforded  them in  plunder  fucli  a  vafl  treafure.  For  it  is  not  to  be  imagined,  that  after  fitting  out  fo great  a  fleet,  fo  much  fuperfluous  gold  fhould  be  brought  along  with  them.  However  it is  agreed  on  all  hands,  that  the  fpoil  was  great,  which  Harold ,  contrary  to  true  policy,  his natural  temper,  which  was  efteemed  generous,  and  the  common  cuftom  of  thole  times, kept  to  his  own  private  ufe  •,  and  did  not  reward  the  foldiers  as  he  ought  to  have  done,  after fuch  a  fignal  proof  of  their  courage  and  bravery.  This  condudt  is  looked  upon  by  our  hi- florians  to  be  one  reafon  the  foldiers  did  not  exert  themfelves  fo  heartily  in  his  caufe,  in  the fucceeding  battle  with  the  duke  of  Normandy. This  battle  was  fought  within  fix  miles  of  Tork,  eaftward,  at  a  place  now  called  (n) Stanfordbridge ,  on  the  23d  day  of  September ,  A.  1066.  The  Saxon  chronicle  calls  this  place Sfcceng  pojibeji -bpyege,  Higden  in  his  Polychronicon  £>tcimfojtljTurgg  •,  but  after  the  con- queft  the  village  had  the  name  of  Pons-belli ,  or  Battle-bridge ,  given  it,  to  perpetuate  the memory  of  this  great  overthrow,  However  it  now  retains  its  antient  name,  and  no  re¬ membrance  of  the  fight,  except  a  piece  of  ground  on  the  left-hand  of  the  bridge  called 315atflc-flatt6  at  this  day.  In  the  plowing  this  ground  have  been,  of  late  years,  found  pieces of  old  fwords,  and  a  very  finall  fort  of  horle-lhoes,  which  could  only  fit  an  afs,  or  the leaft  breed  of  northern  horfes.  I  mull  not  forget  that  the  inhabitants  of  this  village  have a  cuftom,  at  an  annual  feaft,  to  make  pies  in  the  form  of  a  /will,  or  fwine-tub  which, tradition  fays,  was  made  ufe  on  by  the  man  that  ftruck  the  Norwegian  under  the  bridge inftead  of  a  boat.  This  may  be  true,  for  the  river  being  but  very  lately  made  navigable up  here  on  the  Derwent ,  a  boat  was  not  eafily  to  be  had  to  perform  the  exploit  in.  The bridge  alfo  continued  to  be  a  wooden  one,  till  falling  greatly  to  decay  it  was  taken  down, and  a  new  one  begun  and  finifhed,  about  a  hundred  yards  below  the  old  one,  at  the  county charge,  A.  1727.  But  to  our  hiftory. Harold's,  great  joy  for  the  gaining  of  this  fignal  vitftory  was  of  a  very  Ihort  date  return¬ ing  to  Tork  that  night,  he  gave  orders  for  folemn  feafts  and  rejoicings  to  be  begun  the  next day  with  all  the  magnificence  imaginable  (0).  Our  city  may  be  well  fuppofed  to  have  a real  fliare  in  the  general  joy,  as  not  only  being  relieved  from  foreign  fetters,  but  fecured from  the  juft  fears  of  Tofto-,  who,  no  doubt,  would  have  taken  ample  vengeance  on  his enemies,  as  foon  as  his  conqueft  was  compleat.  But  Harold  had  fcarce  begun  his  triumphs, when  a  meflenger  arrived  from  the  fouth,  who  told  him,  as  he  fat  in  this  city  in  great ftate,  at  a  magnificent  entertainment,  that  duke  William  was  landed  with  a  mighty  army at  Pevenfey  near  Haftings  in  Sujjex. Theobftinate  battle  at  Stanfordburgh ,  where  Harold  muft  have  loft  a  great  many  of  his choice  men,  as  well  as  the  diftafte  his  foldiers  took  at  him,  for  not  dividing  the  fpoils,  are reafons given,  as  I  laid,  for  his  ill-fortune  in  Sujjex.  For  here  his  whole  army  was  cut  in pieces,  and  himfelf  fliot  into  the  brains  with  an  arrow,  left  his  crown  and  kingdom  to  the conqueror  •,  who  fhortly  after  took  pofleflion  of  both.  This  fight  and  tragical  event  hap¬ pened  only  nine  days  after  the  former  victory;  and  gives  us  a  fmart  inftance  of  the  extream mutability  of  all  human  affairs. I  have  now  brought  this  chapter  to  its  period  ;  to  recapitulate  what  has  been  faid  in  the briefeft  manner,  I  am  fure  would  feem  tedious.  It  has  been  fmall  fatisfaftion  to  me,  in this  nice  ferutiny,  to  endeavour  to  put  things  together  fo  as  to  make  them  appear  tolerable; and  I  am  afraid  it  will  be  much  lefs  to  the  reader,  unlefs  he  be  fo  much  a  mafter  of  Englijb hiftory,  as  to  know  how  difficult  a  matter  it  is,  even  in  a  general  way,  to  fet  off  thefe  af¬ fairs  in  pleafing  colours,  and  yet  flick  to  the  originals.  The  writers  of  thefe  dark  ages, we  have  now  pafled  through,  Sir  William  Temple  ftyles  poor ,  jejune ,  and  obfeure  guides  not worth  the  minding.  But  herein  I  differ  from  his  opinion  ;  for  let  their  ftyle  and  compofure be  never  fo  mean,  the  hiftorical  facls  may  be  true  •,  and  it  would  be  as  ridiculous  in  us  to quarrel  with  thefe,  when  we  can  have  no  other  affiftance,  as  for  a  man  to  fend  back  a  guide, who  came  to  meet  him  with  a  lanthorn  in  a  dark  night,  becaufe  he  did  not  bring  him  a  torch. (>i)  This  name  his  lead  fomeof  our  modern  hiftorian* to  fix  this  battle  at  Stanford  in  L.ncolnjhire. (  0)  Gul.  Malmf. { /•)  Ft* l i au's  chron.  from  Guido. (  /)  Gul.  Malmf. ( m )  Cambdtn. Chap. III.  .  of  the  CITY  o/ YORK.  8j It  is  very  true  the  monkijh  hiftorians  are  fo  fluffed  with  vifions,  miracles,  and  their  own monaftical  affairs,  that  for  the  firft  two  no  kind  of  popijh  legend  can  outdo  them  ;  and  for the  latter  it  takes  up  three  parts  in  four,  almoft  of  their  whole  performance  (p).  But  ftill they  are  our  only  directors;  the  only  men  of  that  age,  who  had  either  learning  or  curio- fity  enough  to  enquire  into  and  hand  down  to  pofterity,  in  a  ilyle  and  didtion  fuitable  to  the times  they  lived  in,  the  memorable  events  that  happened  in  their  own  or  forefather’s  days. I  am  told  it  is  ftill  thecuftom  in  the  monafteries  abroad,  to  keep  one  of  their  order  par¬ ticularly  to  be  the  hijloriograpber ,  both  of  the  publick  as  well  as  their  own  private  affairs  ; and  can  we  blame  them  for  being  circumftantial  enough  in  the  latter  ?  no  furely,  proximus fum  egomet  mihi.  How  happily,  lays  the  author  of  the  life  of  Mr.  Somner ,  would  it  lpread the  glory  of  the  Englifh  church  and  nation  if  among  divines,  addicted  to  thefe  ftudies,  fome one  were  preferred  to  a  dignity  in  every  collegiate  church  on  condition,  to  employ  his talent  in  the  hiftory  and  antiquities  of  that  body,  of  which  he  was  a  grateful  and  an ufeful  member.  Monfieur  Rapin  Tboyras ,  the  late  celebrated  Englijh  hiftorian  is  no  friend to  the  monks  •,  but,  on  the  contrary.  Hips  no  opportunity  to  laffi  them,  and  fays,  that  they could  never  find  in  their  hearts  to  let  any  extraordinary  event  take  place  without  afcribing it  to  fome  fupernatural  caufe,  by  way  of  miracle.  But  I  would  afk  that  gentleman,  were he  alive,  to  whom  was  he  obliged  for  materials  in  compofing  that  fine  part  of  his  hiftory, the  ecclefiaftical  and  civil  affairs  of  England,  during  the  Saxon  government,  but  to  the monks?  And  as  it  is  natural  for  every  man  to  praife  the  bridge  he  goes  over,  though  a mean  one,  fo  it  can  never  feem  well  in  any  author  to  fall  upon  his  only  guides,  and  abufe them  for  telling  him  now  and  then  a  diverting  ftory  by  the  way.  The  only  guides  I  call them,  for  excepting  Roger  de  Hoveden ,  or  Howden,  our  countryman,  who  was  a  layman, the  priefts  and  other  ecclefiallicks  were  the  foie  chroniclers  of  the  laft  and  fome  fucceeding ages  from  this  period.  The  common  fort  of  laity  were  entirely  ignorant  and  illiterate  •,  and by  what  they  have  left  us  relating  to  the  affairs  of  their  country,  it  is  very  probable,  few  of the  nobility  were  bred  up  to  the  ufe  of  any  other  thing  than  thefword. I  beg  pardon  for  this  digreffion  •,  and  to  conclude  this  head  I  fhall  only  take  leave  to  put the  reader  in  mind,  that  our  city  was  reduced  by  Edred  the  IVcfl-Saxon  from  being,  as Alenin  ftyles  it,  caput  totius  regni ,  i.  e.  Nortbanhumbrorim ,  to  be  only  the  capital  of  an  earl¬ dom.  This  ftate  it  remained  in  to  Edward  the  confeffor’s  days-,  in  whole  time  it  fuffered a  much  greater  revolution.  For  though  it  is  faid,  that  (j)  Alfred  the  great  firft  divided  Eng- gland  into  counties,  *3>l;ireS,  or  Jfmevealties .  and  appointed  a  chief  officer  to  govern  each, called  a  ^Ijti'c-rchc,  or  /her iff,  inftead  of  the  earl  or  comes ;  yet  I  cannot  find  that  this  was done  in  the  north  till  the  time  above  mentioned.  And  now  the  capital  of  the  Roman  pro¬ vince  in  Britain ,  the  Saxon  kingdom,  and  the  earldom  of  Northumberland ,  which  laftantiently contained  all  from  the  German  to  the  Irijh  fea  in  breadth,  and  from  the  Humber  to  the  T weed in  length,  was  fplit  into  fix  or  feven  diftin<5t  J hires  or  counties  ;  with  each  a  city  or  chief town  at  the  head  of  it.  So  that  York,  from  the  command  of  the  whole,  was  now,  in  civil affairs,  only  metropolis  of  fomewhat  the  largeft  ffiare  ;  called,  in  Domefday-book,  Curctoic* feire  •,  in  which  lot  it  has  continued  ever  fince,  and  in  all  human  probability  ever  will  do. Shire  comes  from  Scypan,  Sax.  to  divide  ;  and  this  large  Saxon  diftritft  was  then  fplit  in this  manner,  fays  R.  hoveden, C-beriutcUfrirc* KtcijmunBefctre* ^loncaftrefctrc. CoplanDc,  fince  called  the  bijhoprick  of  Durham . ftCUftmcrtlonCe. CtimhjelonDe. (p)  In  a  l.Iank  page  of  Eadmer's  hiftory  in  our  church library  are  thefe  lines,  wrote  by  an  old  hand,  but  a  true prote/lant  one  no  doubt. Quanta  vetuftati  reverentia  debita,  fi  nan Redderet  infulfos  fabula  mult  a  libra? Tibia  nigra  c alamo  fratermque  (omnia  dele , Et  totum  potsris  dicere  deinde  bonttm. Eere ,  dedi  tenebris ;  lege  nunc;  concede,  fed  illud Pnginn  jam  fafla  ejl  quad  fail  ante  liber. R.  Godfrey,  i 654- In  Engl  pa  by  the  fame  hand  thus: How  greats  the  honour  due  to  eld, Were  not  their  books  with  fables  filled  ? Thofe  old  wives  tales  and  fryers  dreams Wipe  out,  and  then  commend  their  themes. ’Tis  done  ;  now  read,  I  yield,  but  look Here’s  but  a  page  which  was  a  book. Humiliur  mtliar. (q)  Spelman  in  vita  Afredi  mag. Z C  H  A  P. 8 6  /^HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. CHAP.  IV. The  hiftorkal  annals  of  the  city  continued  from  the  Norman  Conqueft , to  the  uniting  of  the  two  houfes  of  York  and  Lancafter. a. MLXVI.  \t  r  H  AT  has  preceded  this  period  of  time,  has  been  a  feries  of  uncommon  events  and yV  turns  of  fate,  which  our  city  has  fuffered  during  the  Saxon ,  Danijh ,  and  other  fo¬ reign  invafions.  Fire  and  fword  in  the  hands  of  the  mod  inhuman  barbarians,  have  fo often  fubverted  its  walls  and  bulwarks,  that  I  have  been  forced  to  feek  for  it,  as  it  were, in  its  own  dull  and  rubbifh.  One  might  imagine  that  after  fuch  an  extrordinary  revolution in  favour  of  the  duke  of  Normandy ,  who  knew  as  well  how  to  make  the  bed  of  a  victory as  to  gain  one,  our  harrafled  city  might  have  enjoyed  that  calm,  which  the  red  of  the kingdom  had  from  the  conqueror’s  fird  a<5ts  of  clemency.  But,  fo  much  to  the  contrary, I  dull  fhew  under  the  reign  of  this  chrijlian  tyrant,  its  dedru&ion  and  defolation  furpafied whatever  had  been  done  to  it  before  by  the  mod  wicked  pagan  princes. No  fooner  was  the  duke  of  Normandy ,  thoroughly,  edablifhed  on  the  Englijh  throne, than  he  fhewed  the  principles  laid  down  by  Matchiavel ,  fome  ages  after,  to  be  his  l'ole  rule and  guide  (a).  That  able  politician  teaches  the  prince  who  conquers  a  kingdom,  to  de- llroy  and  root  out  as  much  as  podible  the  antient  nobility  of  it ;  and  reduce  the  com¬ monality  to  as  low  an  ebb  of  beggary  and  mifery  as  they  can  pofllbly  live  under.  Keep them  poor,  and  keep  them  honejl.  This  maxim  the  conqueror  duck  clofe  to,  and  foon  let the  poor  Englijh  underdand  that  he  would  rule  them  with  a  rod  of  iron ;  and  fince  he  ne¬ ver  expected  them  to  love  him,  he  refolved  they  flhould  have  caufe  enough  to  fear  him. His  title  to  the  crown  was  by  the  longed  fword,  and  he  well  employed  the  fharped  in  the fullaining  of  it.  It  is  fomewhat  amazing  that  after  one  has  read  the  hidory  of  his  reign  given by  the  bed  hidorians,  we  diould  find  in  the  lad  age  fo  great  a  man  as  Sir  William  Temple arife,  and  write  a  panegyrical  account  of  his  life  and  a&ions.  A  true  Briton  mud  dartle it  the  bare  mention  of  fuch  a  tyrant,  who  without  any  right,  or  colour  of  right,  fird  in¬ vaded,  poffefied,  and  afterwards  maintained  that  pofiedion,  by  the  mod  horrid  aids  of cruelty  imaginable.  Hidory  does  not  want  numberlefs  indances  of  this  ;  and  if  an  altera¬ tion  of  the  antient  Englijh  laws,  cudoms,  fafhions,  manner  of  living,  language,  writing, and,  in  fliort,  every  thing  but  religion,  can  be  called  a  thorough  revolution ,  here  it  is  beyond contradi&on  exemplified.  But  I  dull  confine  myfelf  to  what  our  city  and  country  about it  felt  from  him;  which,  I  believe,  without  mentioning  aught  elfe,  will  make  the  name  of A.  fuch  a  conqueror  odious  to  all  poderity. MLXVIII.  York  had  dill  earl  Morchar  for  its  governour,  William  had  not  yet  changed  any  thing  fo far  north;  he  and  his  brother  Edwin  earl  of  Chejler ,  could  not  bear  to  fee  their  country fo  miferably  enflaved,  and  therefore  refolved,  if  pofiible,  to  throw  off  the  yoke ;  for  they foon  found,  by  William’s  proceedings,  that  the  greated  flavery  was  hadening  down  to  them. As  thefe  Saxon  lords  had  a  very  great  intered  in  the  kingdom,  they  quickly  raifed  forces, which  were  augmented  by  Blethwin  king  of  Wales  their  nephew.  The  conqueror’s  policy made  him  fear  that  this  revolt  would  be  general,  if  he  did  not  nip  it  in  the  bud  ;  he  there¬ fore  hadened  down  into  the  north,  but  not  fo  fad  but  he  took  time  to  fortify  the  cadle  at Warwick ,  and  gave  orders  for  the  building  a  new  one  at  Notingham ,  by  way  of  fecuring  a fafe  retreat  in  cafe  of  the  word  (h).  From  thence  he  proceeded  either  to  fight  the  rebels  or to  befiege  York ,  which  had  fided  with  them.  At  the  beginning  of  this  infurreCtion  William had  difplaced  Morchar  from  his  government,  and  made  one  Robert  a  Norman ,  for  his  cruel and  audere  nature,  earl  of  Northumberland.  This  man  he  fent  down  to  Durhatn,  fome  time before  he  came  himfelf,  with  a  guard  of  feven  hundred,  others  fay  nine  hundred,  Normans to  exercife  what  cruelty  hepleafed,  provided  he  kept  thofe  turbulent  fpiritsin  fubjeftion  ( c ). The  dout  Northumbrians  could  not  bear  this  ufage,  but  arming  privately,  they  came  up¬ on  this  new  made  governour  in  the  night,  at  his  quarters  in  Durham ,  and  with  fire  and fword  dedroyed  both  him  and  his  Normans  to  a  man.  The  fword  drawn  it  was  not  to be  Iheathed  again  in  hade.  Earl  Gojpatrick  their  commander,  and  Edgar  Atheling  their lawful  prince,  who  was  come  to  them  out  of  Scotland ,  where  he  had  fled  for  protection  from William’s  conquering  fword,  immediately  marched  at  the  head  of  the  Northumbrians  towards York.  Here  they  were  received  by  Morchar ,  Edwin ,  and  the  citizens  of  York ,  with  all  the joy  and  triumph  they  could  poflibly  tedify  on  thisoccafion  ( d ).  But  this  laded  a  very  fmall time  ;  for  William  came  on  apace ;  and  the  generals  being  as  yet  in  no  condition  to  with- ( a)  Matchiavel s  prince. (b)  S.  Dutiil. (c)  Wat.  Hemingford  canon  of  Gijburgb. (d)  Annales  lYaverlacenJes. dand Chap.  IV.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  8 {land  his  numerous  army,  confulted  whether  they  fhould  fly  the  country,  or  yield  them- felves  up  to  the  conqueror’s  mercy.  The  lafl  was  agreed  on,  and  having  taken  care  to fend  back  prince  Edgar  into  Scotland ,  they  voluntarily  fubmitted  themfelves  to  the  vidlors clemency.  This  method  was  right,  lays  Rapin ,  for  how  cruel  foever  William  was  in  his  na¬ ture,  he  had  policy  enough,  adds  he,  to  pardon  thefe  earls  at  this  time,  with  a  view  to  re¬ claim  the  Englijh ,  and  give  them  a  better  opinion  of  his  merciful  temper.  The  inhabi¬ tants  of  York  had  the  lame  political  mercy  extended  to  them  ;  for  when  they  faw  how  well the  generals  were  treated,  and  knew  at  the  fame  time  they  were  in  no  condition  to  Hand  a fiege  ,  they  came  out  of  the  city  to  meet  the  conqueror,  delivered  him  the  keys  with  great fubmifiion,  and  were  feemingly  received  into  favour.  This  gained  them  a  remiflion  of  cor¬ poral  punifliment,  but  they  were  obliged  to  pay  a  large  fine ;  and  moreover  had  the  mor¬ tification  to  fee  two  cajlles  fortifyed  in  the  city,  and  ftrongly  garrifoned  with  Norman jfoldiers  ( e ). William’s  mercy  was  foon  found  to  be  a  copy  of  his  countenance ;  for  at  the  fame  time that  he  pardoned  fome,  he  not  only  puniflied  others  who  were  lcfs  guilty  ;  but  he  impri- foned  feveral  who  had  no  hand  at  all  in  the  revolt.  This  gave  occalion  to  the  leaders  to look  about  them,  and  pilt  them  in  mind  what  they  were  to  expert  as  foon  as  opportunity would  permit.  The  three  earls  Morchar ,  Edwin ,  and  Gojpatrick ,  fled  into  Scotland  to  Mal¬ colm  the  Scotch  king  •,  who  very  generoufly  gave  them  his  protection.  Malcolm  had  lately married  Margaret  the  eldeft  filler  to  prince  Edgar-,  from  which  conjunction  a  long  race  of Scotijh  kings,  and  fince  of  Great  Britain  are  lineally  defcended.  The  Norman,  fays  Bucha- nan ,  puft  up  with  the  good  fuccefs  of  his  affairs,  fent  an  herald  into  Scotland  to  demand Edgar  Alheling  (f),  and  the  Englijh  lords ;  but  Malcolm  looking  upon  it  as  a  cruel  and faithlefs  thing  to  deliver  up  his  fuppliant  gueff  and  kinfman,  and  one,  adds  my  author, againjl  whom  his  very  enemies  could  object  no  crime ,  to  his  mortal  foe  to  be  put  to  death,  re- folved  to  proteCt  him,  and  fuller  any  thing  rather  than  do  it.  He  well  knew  that  Wil- liam  would  be  fpeedily  with  him  for  this  refufal,  and  confequently  was  not  flow  to  provide for  his  reception. A  confiderable  league  was  now  formed  againfi;  the  conqueror  (?) ;  Edwin  and  Morchar were  fent  into  Denmark ,  who  perfuaded  king  Swain  that  it  would  be  an  eafy  matter  to conquer  England  at  this  junCture ;  and  the  Danijlo  king  came  readily  into  the  propofal. Being  allured  of  a  powerful  army  of  Englijh  and  Scotch  to  join  the  forces  he  fhould  fend  over, he  difpatched  away  OJbern  his  brother,  the  two  fons  of  Harold ,  a  bifhop,  called  Chrijiiern , earl  T'urkyl ,  or  ' Turkelyh  with  two  hundred  and  fifty  tall  Jhips ,  which  all  entered  the  Humber in  fafety.  At  their  landing  they  were  immediately  joined  by  the  EtigliJJj  malecontents, and  the  Scotch  auxiliaries  ;  which,  when  united  together,  compofed  a  formidable  army,  fuf- ficient  to  have  lhaken  William’s  crown,  had  they  all  aCled  as  they  ought  to  have  done.  It is  certain  the  news  of  this  alarm  fo  {truck  him,  that  he  thought  proper  to  fend  his  wife  and children  into  Normandy ,  as  a  better  place  of  fecurity ;  before  he  undertook  to  lay  this {term,  which  looked  fo  black  upon  him  from  the  north. OJbern  the  Danijh  genera],  at  the  head  of  the  confederate  army,  marched  direCtly  towards York  (Jo),  where,  we  may  imagine,  they  were  not  unwelcome  to  the  citizens.  The  Norman garrifon  in  the  caftles  were  refolved  to  hold  out  to  the  lafl:  extremity,  not  doubting  but  their king  would  fpeedily  come  to  their  affiftance.  Making  all  things  ready  fora  fiege,  the  Nor¬ mans  fet  fire  to  fome  houfes  in  the  fuburbs,  on  that  fide  of  the  city,  left  they  fhould  ferve the  enemy  to  fill  up  the  ditches  of  their  fortifications.  This  fire  fpreading  by  an  acciden¬ tal  wind,  further  than  it  was  defigned,  burned  down  great  part  of  the  city,  and  with  it the  cathedral  church  •,  where  that  famous  library,  which  Alenin  writes  of,  placed  there  by archbifhop  Egbert ,  about  the  year  Soo,  to  the  unfpeakable  lofs  of  learning,  was  entirely confumed  in  the  flames.  Divine  vengeance,  fays  Hoveden ,  foon  repayed  them  this  injury  •, for  the  Danes  taking  the  advantage  of  this  confufion,  which  the  fire  muff;  neceflarily  oc- cafion,  entered  the  city  without  oppofition  ;  and  then  the  confederates  dividing  their  forces attacked  both  the  caftles  at  the  fame  time  ;  the  Danes  one,  and  the  Englijh  and  Scotch  the other.  This  charge  was  made  fo  vigoroufly  on  both  fidcs,  that  they  beat  down  all  before them,  and  entered  the  caftles  fword  in  hand.  A  miferable  daughter  enfued,  for  all  the Norman  garrifon  was  cut  in  pieces,  and  every  one  elfe  that  was  in  them,  except,  fay  our hiftorians,  (i )  William  Mallet  then  high-fheriff  of  the  county,  his  wife  and  two  children Gilbert  de  Gaunt  and  a  few  others. [e)  Rex  autem  Willielmus  Snotingham  venit  ubi  ca- Jello  Jirmato  Eboracum  perrexit,  ibidemque  duobus  Ca- ftellis  Jr  mat  is  quingenos  milites  in  eis  pojuit.  Hoveden. Hoc  anno,  fed.  1068,  rex  Jrmavit  ntium  eafirum  apud Snotingham  eff  duo  apud  Eboracum.  Bromp.  Duobus caftellis,  &c.  Sim.  Dunel. {f)  3kl;jltng,  ab  A.  S.  AE^Seling,  quo  nomine  re- gius  J/ius,  regni  baeres,  primps  juventutis  olim  appel- labatur,  ab  AEtiel  nobilis,  q.  d.  Nobilium  primarius,  om- nivo  ut  in  Graeco  Romano  imperio  nobiiijpmus.  Skinner. did.  rtyruol. ( g )  S.  Dunel. ( h )  R.  Hoveden. ( i)  This  Williatn  Mallet  or  Mulct  came  in  with  the conqueror,  and  was  with  him  at  the  famous  battle  of Haftings.  In  the  3J  year  of  the  conqueror’s  reign  he was  conflituted  high  -Jberiff  of  Torbjhire.  Dugda/e'a baron . 2 This 88  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. A.  This  conflict  happened  in  our  city  September  19,  1069.  The  number  of  the  flain  is  vari- MLXI.v.  oufly  reported  by  hiftorians  (k),  but  is  much  fuperiour  to  the  garrifon,  which  Hoveden,  &c. write,  William  left  in  the  caltlcs  to  keep  the  city  in  awe,  which  was  no  more  than  five  hun¬ dred  men.  Here  they  all  agree  were  flain  three  thoufand  Normans  at  leaft,  and  William  of Newburgh  writes  that  connivenlia  civiirn  plufquam  quatuor  millia  Normannorum  trucidamur  ; Camden  fpeaks  of  decimating  the  pril'oners  they  had  taken  afterwards.  Now  how  five  hun¬ dred  could  grow  up  to  five  thoufand  imperceptibly,  I  cannot  conjecture,  unlefs  that  the editors  of  thefe  antient  gentry,  or  the  authors  themfelves,  have  omitted  a  numeral  in  the  firft account.  For  five  hundred  men  can  never  be  called  a  fufficient  garrifon  to  man  two  caftles. anil  keep  a  city  and  country  in  fubjeCtion,  that  heartily  detefted  the  Norman  in  perfon  as well  as  government ;  and  which  he  was  not  unacquainted  with. The  Danijh  general,  by  confent  of  all,  made  Waltheof \  the  fon  of  the  valiant  S hoard, before  fpoken  of,  governor  of  the  city  •,  with  a  flout  garrifon  of  Englijh  and  Scotch  foldiers under  him.  After  which  the  Danes  retired  and  entrenched  themfelves  in  a  convenient place,  betwixt  the  Humber  and  the  Trent  ;  waiting  the  coming  of  the  Norman  king  (/). William  was  not  flack  in  his  proceedings  againft  them,  for  when  he  heard  ol  the  deftru- Clion  of  the  No-man  garrifon  at  York,  he  fpurred  on  to  take  vengeance  with  all  the  fury imaginable.  It  was  now,  fays  Rapin ,  that  he  had  opportunity  to  put  forth  his  natural  tem¬ per,  he  was  often  heard  to  fay  in  his  march  to  the  north,  that  by  God's  fplendour ,  his  ufual oath,  he  would  not  leave  a  foul  of  them  alive  ;  and  he  began  to  put  his  threats  in  execution, as  foon  as  ever  he  arrived  in  the  country,  with  great  pundluality. At  his  coming  before  the  city  he  fummoned  the  governour  with  terrible  menaces  of  fire and  fword,  if  he  refufed,  to  furrender.  Waltheof  fet  at  nought  his  threats,  for  being  well garrifoned,  and  excellently  well  furnilhed  with  all  neceflaries  for  a  fiege,  and  moreover  fa- tisfied  of  a  Alliance  from  the  Danijh  army,  he  fent  him  a  brave  defiance.  William  faw  plainly thefe  obflacles  were  invincible,  and  that  he  could  never  reduce  the  city  at  fuch  adifadvan- tage  •,  neither  durfl  he  attack  the  Danes  in  their  entrenchments,  the  two  armies  were  fo polled  to  fuccour  one  another.  In  this  exigency  he  had  recourfe  to  policy,  and  tried  how far  the  dint  of  money  would  operate  on  the  Danijh  general.  The  affair  fucceeded  (m )  beyond his  expedition,  for  the  faithlefs  Dane  made  a  fecret  compaft  with  William ,  receiving  a round  lum  of  money  in  hand,  and  leave  to  plunder  the  fea-coafls  at  his  going  off,  he  pro- mifed  to  depart  as  foon  as  the  fpring  would  permit  him.  OJbern  kept  his  word,  embarked his  forces,  and  bafely  left  his  allies  to  the  mercy  of  the  Norman  ;  for  which,  fay  hiftori- ans,  he  was  feverely  punilhed  by  his  brother  at  his  return. This  defertion  of  the  Danes  caufed  theutmoll  confirmation  amongll  the  citizens  and  gar¬ rifon  of  York.  They  had  now  nothing  but  their  own  valour  to  trull  to  but  being  encou¬ raged  by  the  bravery  of  their  governour,  who  was  the  foremoll  in  all  dangers  for  their defence,  they  were  refolved  to  fell  their  lives  at  as  dear  a  rate,  to  the  conqueror,  as 4  pofllble. MLXX.  William  now  eafed  of  his  fears  from  the  Danes ,  pulhed  on  the  fiegewith  double  vigour,  and with  his  engines  made  a  large  breach  in  the  walls.  Through  this  he  attempted  to  take  the city  by  llorm,  and  made  a  fierce  attack  upon  it,  but  was  repulfed  by  the  garrifon  with  great lofs.  The  governour  himfelf,  fays  William  of  Malmjbury ,  a  man  of  prodigious  might  and flreno-th,  Hood  Angle  in  the  breach,  and  cut  off  the  heads  of  feveral  Normans,  that  attempted to  enter  it,  with  his  own  hands.  How  long  this  famous  fiege  Jailed,  no  one  hillorian  I have  yet  met  with  is  fo  particular  as  to  mention.  I  can  however  compute  it  to  be  about fix  months;  for  from  the  i7:h  of  September ,  the  day  the  caftles  were  taken  by  the  Danes, &c.  to  Ofbern’s  going  back,  which  was  in  the  fpring,  and  the  city’s  holding  out  fomewhat longer,  it  may  "be  faid  that  William  fat  down  before  it  about  Michaelmas ,  and  the  fur- render  happened  about  La dy-dry.  This  oppofition  makes  it  evident,  that  had  the  Danes kept  faithful,  William  mull  have  divided  his  forces;  and  then,  in  all  probability,  the  city  had never  fallen  into  his  hands.  Leland  has  given  us  a  copy  of  an  act  of  Hate  which  the  con¬ queror  did  when  he  laid  before  this  city  ;  which  was  a  grant  to  his  nephew  Alain  earl  of Brit  any,  afterwards  of  Richmond ,  of  all  the  lands  of  Edwin  earl  of  Chefler ,  who  was  then in  York  againft  him.  The  ftyle  of  which  donation,  as  well  for  brevity  as  llrength,  is  very remarkable  ;  and  is  an  inftance  that  large  eftates  were  formerly  conveyed  in  very  few  words. I  offer  it  to  our  modern  lawyers  as  a  fpecimen. Cgo  Gulielmus,  rognontine  SSaffarDus,  Do  ct  conccDo  tibi  Alano,  nepott  meo, Britanie  coniiti,  et  IjcrcDibus  tuis  tn  perpetuum,  omnes  tllas  tiillas  et  terras, tjtic  nuper  fucrunt  comitis  Edwini  in  Eborafciria;  cum  foeDis  militum,  et  cede- fltis,  et  aliis  libcrtattbus  ct  confuetuDimbus,  ita  libere  ct  fjono^ificc  ficut  tDcm Edwinus  ga  tcmut. £>at.  tit  obADione  co;am  abitatc  Eboraci. ms.  Dune/.  R.  Hove  den,  W.  MalmJburj,  W.  New-  (/)  H  Hunt, lur&b.  H  R-  Hoveden. This 4 Chap.  IV.  of  the  CITY  of  Y ORj£.  89 This  abfolute  confifcation  of  the  large  eftate  and  poffeffions,  no  Ids  than  near  two  hum dred  manors  and  townfhips,  as  appears  by  the  conqueror’s  furvey,  then  of  right  belong¬ ing  to  an  ancient  Saxon  earl,  was  a  tafle  of  his  cruelty;  and  was  fufficient  to  let  the  be- fieged  know  what  mercy  the  reft  of  them  was  to  expeft  when  he  fhould  have  them  in  his power.  But  as  this  arbitrary  grant  is  very  particular,  as  to  the  form  of  them  at  that time;  and  is  befides  a  fingular  teftimony  of  this  famous  fiege,  the  annexed  plate,  which is  printed  in  Mr.  Gaits* s  furvey  of  Richmondjhire ,  and  which,  by  that  gentleman’s  fa¬ vour,  I  have  procured,  will  give  the  reader  a  better  idea  of  the  conqueror  and  his  chief officers,  then  with  him  at  the  fiege,  than  I  can  pretend  to.  And  ferve  to  hand  down yet  to  pofterity  an  adlion  very  memorable  in  its  kind,  though  attended  with  the  utter  de- ftrudtion  of  a  noble  earl  and  all  his  family. William  of  Malmjbury  mentions  a  battle  which  the  conqueror  gained  agninft  a  powerful army  lent  to  the  relief  of  the  city.  Thefe  I  prefume  were  Scotch  and  'Northumbrians ,  for the  Danes  had  deferted  before  that  time.  It  feems  by  it  that  this  laft  ftruggle  for  liberty was  very  great  in  the  north,  and  all  pofllble  efforts  made  to  fhake  off  the  Norman  yoke ; nor  was  this  attempt  made  to  raife  the  fiege  eafily  fruftrated;  the  aforefaid  author  tells  us that  the  battle  was  terrible  and  bloody  ;  nor  did  he  gain  the  vidtory  without  a  very  confi- derable  lofs  of  his  own  men  (n). Earl  Waltheof ,  the  governour,  rendered  alfo  the  fiege  of  the  city  exceeding  difficult, merely  by  his  courage  and  condudl,  infomuch  that  ^Y//tfv*almoftdifpaired  of  going  through with  it.  But  being  now  freed  from  the  fears  of  any  other  enemy,  he  drew  down  the  whole ftrength  of  the  kingdom  againft  it,  and  beleaguered  it  quite  round  ;  refolving  to  ftarve them  into  a  compliance,  fince  force  would  not  prevail.  I  muft  here  obferve  that  his  army muft  be  very  numerous  tofurround  this  city,  and  begirt  it  fo  dole  that  no  provifion  could be  thrown  into  it.  In  the  laft  civil  war  fifty  thoufand  men,  the  number  of  the  Engli/h and  Scotch  forces  that  befieged  York ,  were  infufficient;  and  could  not  wholly  prevent  it. However  this  method  took,  and  famine  began  to  rage  fo  violently  within  the  walls,  that it  obliged  the  befieged  to  try  thevidlor’s  clemency.  William  greatly  defirous  to  furmount this  difficulty,  ftuck  at  neither  oaths  nor  promifes  to  obtain  it ;  the  articles  ( o )  of  furrender were  as  honourable  as  poffible,  confidering  the  circumftances  the  city  was  in  ;  nay  after  the  A lurrender,  he  feemed  fo  charmed  with  the  valour  and  condudl  of  the  governour,  which  he  MDLXX. had  perfonally  beheld  in  the  fiege,  that  he  gave  him  afterwards  in  marriage  his  niece  Ju- clethy  daughter  to  the  countefs  o { Albermarl  and  firft  made  him  earl  of  Northampton  and Huntington  ;  and  afterwards  earl  of  Northumberland. Whatever  favours  William  conferred  upon  the  governour,  it  is  certain  the  city  felt  none of  them.  And  fo  great  was  the  difference  in  this  cafe,  as  renders  the  earl’s  character  but very  fufpicious.  To  make  the  belt  of  it,  it  can  only  be  faid,  that,  when  the  governour  £aw the  affair  defperate,  he  made  the  moft  advantageous  terms  he  could  for  himfelf,  as  well  as the  city.  William ’s  profound  policy  obliged  him  to  keep  fuch  a  man  as  Waltheof  in  his intereft  at  that  time,  but  he  trufled  him  no  farther  than  he  could  fee  him  ;  and  in  a  fmall time  let  him  both  fee  and  feel  his  error,  for  he  took  oft' his  head  on  account  of  a  confpiracy which  Waltheof  himfelf  firft  informed  him  of  (p). Thus  fell  the  laft  of  the  Saxon  earls  of  Northumberland ,  with  the  honour  of  being  the firft  nobleman  that  ever  was  beheaded  in  England.  Morchar  and  Edwin  not  caring  to  truft the  conqueror’s  mercy,  found  means  to  efcape  out  of  the  city  before  the  furrender;  but  be¬ ing  hunted  from  place  to  place  by  this  infatiable  blood-hound,  the  two  brothers  at  laft  met the  fame  fate,  and  had  the  misfortune  to  be  both  murthered  in  a  mutiny  of  their  own  men. Prince  Edgar  likewife  efcaped  into  Scotland  (q). Whatever  articles  the  governour  had  ftipulated  for  in  the  furrender  in  behalf  of  the  city and  citizens,  they  were  little  regarded  by  the  conqueror.  Malmjbury  fays,  that  he  looked upon  this  place  as  the  only  neft  of  rebellion  in  the  kingdom  ;  he  fuppofed  them  abettors in  the  deftrudlion  of  the  Norman  garrifon,  and  therefore  they  were  to  feel  his  fierceft  ven¬ geance.  He  razed  the  city  to  the  ground,  and  with  it  fell  ( r )  all  the  principal  nobility and  gentry,  and  moft  of  the  other  inhabitants  •,  the  few  that  were  faved,  were  forced  to purchafe  their  lives  with  fuch  large  fines,  that  they  were  reduced  to  the  utmoft  penury  to difeharge  them.  Th e  Engli/h  and  Scotch  garrifon,  notwithftanding  the  articles,  all  pei  ifhed  ; and  thus,  fays  my  author,  was  this  noble  city  wafted  by  famine,  fire  and  fword,  to  the  very roots.  Nor  did  his  implacable  malice  flop  here,  but,  left  the  country  fhould  be  capable of  fupporting  the  city  in  this  dreadful  calamity,  he  laid  all  wafte  betwixt  York  and  Dur- ham ;  deftroyed  or  drove  out  the  inhabitants,  and  made  the  country  fo  defolate,  that  for nine  years  after  neither  plow  nor  fpade  was  pur  into  the  ground.  If  any  of  the  wretched people  efcaped  the  fword,  they  were  but  referved  for  a  much  worfe  fate,  being  forced  for (//)  Urbem  metropolim,  quam  Angli  cum  Danis  et Scotis  obftinate  tenebant,  in  deditionem  acccpit ;  civibus longc  inedia  confumptis.  Maximum  qitoque  bcjtium  nu- merum ,  qui  obfejjis  in  auxilium  ccmvencrant ,  it; genii  et 'gravi  proelio  Judit ;  ncu  incruenta  fibi  victoria  r.ultos Juorum  amittens.  Gul.  Malm. (0)  M.  Paris. (p)  R.  Hove  den. (?)  dngulpbus. ( r)  Et  tune  quidem  cum  civitate  omnis  nobilitas  pe‘ pularis  emarcuit ,  false  belli  dsmtffe-  Gul.  Maim. A  a  fuftenance 3 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  l fuftenance  through  famine  to  eat  dogs,  cats,  horfes,  and  even  human  flefh,  to  preferve  their fniferable  lives.  Thus  v/as  our  city,  and  even  our  whole  country,  lb  v'holly  waited  and deftroyed,  except  the  lands  belonging  to  St.  John  of  Beverley ,  (s)  which  the  tyrant  thought fit  to  fpare,  that  my  own  words  can  neither  come  up  to  the  defcription,  or  if  they  did, would  they  find  the  leaft  belief  in  the  recital.  Hear  then  the  hiltorians,  who  wrote  the neareft  thefe  times,  in  their  own  phrafe  and  diction. And  firft,  William  the  librarian  of  Malmfbury  (/),  who,  though  a  Norman ,  has  not  ex- cufed  his  countryman  the  conqueror;  but  has  done  him  ample  juftice,  as  the  following  quo¬ tation  will  teftify. Eboracvm  urbs  ampla  et  metropolis  eleganliae  Romanae  praeferens  indicium ,  a  duabus parlibus  Hufae  fluminis  aedijicata ,  includit  in  medio  finus  fui  naves  a  Germania  et  Hibernia. Denientes.  Furori  aquilonalium  gentium  prima  femper  obnoxia ,  barb aric os  Danorum  motus, toto  tempore  quo  dominati  flint  in  Anglia,  excepit  et  ingemuit.  Ultima  pefte  fub  Gulielmo  rege concidit ,  qui  urbanis  iratus ,  quod  Danis  adventantibus  receptui  et  confultui  fuiftent ,  prius  inedia , mox  flammd  civitatem  confecit.  Regionis  etiam  totius  vicos  et  agros  corrumpi ,  fruftus  et  fru- ges  igne  vel  aqua  labef aft  ari  juft.  It  a provinciae  quondam  fertilis  nervi ,  praeda ,  incendio ,  [an¬ guine  fucciji.  Humus  per  fexaginta  milliaria  omnifariam  inculta ,  nudum  omnium  folum  ad  hoc ufque  tempus.  Urbes  olim  praeclaras ,  turres  proceritate  fua  in  coelum  minantes,  agros  laetos  paf- cuis ,  irriguos  fluviis ,  fiquis  modo  vidit  peregrinus ,  ingemit  \  fi  velus  incola ,  non  agnofcit. What  Simeon  of  Durham ,  Roger  Hoveden ,  William  of  Newburgh ,  Knighton ,  &c.  write  of this  tragedy,  may  be  all  comprehended  in  old  Simeon's  (u)  words. Normannis  Angliam  vajlantibus  in  Northimbria,  et  in  quibufdam  aliis  provinciis  anno praecedenti ,  praefenti  et  fubfequenti  fere  per  tot  am  Angliam,  fed  maxi  me  per  North  ymbram et  per  contiguas  illi  provincias  adeo  fames  praevaluit,  ut  homines  humanas ,  equinas ,  caninas ,  et catinas  carnes ,  et  quicquid  ufus  abhorret ,  cogente  inedia ,  comederent.  Alii  vero  in  fervitutem  per- petuam  fefe  vender ent,  dummodo  qualitercunque  miferabilem  vilam  fuftentarent ,  alii  vero  extra  pa- triam  profefturi  in  exilium ,  medio  itinere  deficientes  animas  emiferunt.  Erat  horror  ad  inluen- dum  per  domos ,  plateas  et  itinera  cadaver  a  diffolvi,  et  labefcentia  putredine  cum  fcitore  horrendo fcaturire  vermibus.  Neque  enim  fupererat  qui  ea  humo  cooperiret ,  omnibus  vel  extin ftis  gladio  vel fame ,  vel  propter  famem  pater  num  folum  relinquentibus.  Inter  ea  it  a  terra  cultore  deft  it  ut  a,  lata ubique folitudo  patebat  per  novem  annos.  Inter  Eboracum  et  Dunelmum  nufquam  villa  inhabi- tala ,  beftiarum  tantum  et  latronum  latibula ,  magna  itinerantium  fuere  timori. I  believe  I  may  venture  to  fay  that  no  hiftory  whatever  can  parallel  thefe  accounts  •,  nor was  there  ever  a  tyrant  in  the  chriftian  or  pagan  world,  that  exercifed  his  power  fo  much to  the  deftruftion  of  his  fellow  creatures,  before  or  fince.  A  farther  account  of  this  great devaftation  may  not  be  unacceptable  to  the  reader  in  old  Engliflj  rhymical  verfe  ;  taken  out of  Peter  Langtoft's  chronicle  publilhed  by  Mr.  Hearn. Now  William  has  fojourned  and  flayne  alle  his  enmys , And  to  pe  fouthe  is  turned ,  als  king  ]>ot  wan  pe  pris. Tidings  cam  him  fulle  flout ,  pat  agrete  ofte  and  ft  ark , With  Harold  and  with  Knoute,  pe  king's  fonnes  of  Denmark, Were  aryved  in  Humbere,  and  an  earl  Turkylle, With  fou Ik  withouten  number e  pe  Norreis  felle  pam  tille , Comen  to  pe  earl  Edgar,  with  all  pos  of  his  kinde. Sir  Walthof  he  is  thar ,  po  with  that  he  met  finde Marlfwain  Turkyl  fon,  ond  Swayne  a  doughty  knyght ; Of  Scotlande  Gofpatrick,  with  pam  at  all  his  myght. The  Normans  in  the  fouthe ,  were  in  foe  grete  affray , Of  kaftells  and  of  tounes ,  they  com  oute  alle  day. To  York  ran  ilk  a  man ,  to  refcet  in  that  toune , That  no  Danes  man  pe  walles  to  breke  doune. Sir  William  Mellet  was  warden  of  pe  cuntres , Sibrigh  pe  gaunt  was  fet  with  to  kepe  pe  pees. Thife  tuo  brought  lydyng ,  pei  were  comcn  by  pat  cofte Tberfore  William  pe  king ,  did  turne  agayn  his  hofte , And  fwore  a  grete  othe ,  pal  he  fuld  never  fpare Neiper  lithe  nor  lofe ,  Northeren  whut  fo  pei  were. William  turned  agayn ,  and  held  what  he  had  fworn , All  mad  he  wafteyn ,  pafture ,  medow  and  korne. And  ftough  both  fader  and  fonne ,  women  lete  pei  gon Hors  and  houndcs  pei  <?/<?,  uncipis  fkaped  non. (s )  He  had  fent  a  commander  and  a  party  out  to dellroy  this  country  too,  but  the  officer  chanced  to  fall from  his  horfe  in  his  march  thither,  and  break  his  neck in  fnch  manner,  that  his  face  was  turned  quite  back¬ ward  when  it  was  told  to  the  king,  he  believed  it  an omen  fent  from  S.  John  to  warn  him  to  fpare  his  ter¬ ritories,  and  therefore  defilted  from  fpoiling  thofe  parts. Knighton. ft)  Gut.  Malm.  vix.  temp.  R.Stip. (it )  Sim.  Dun.  vix.  A.  1164. Chap.  IV. of  the  CITY  o/YORKi  9, Now  dwellis  William  efte,  full  bare  was  money  wone > Of  gode  men  er  non  lefte ,  but  Jlayn  er  ilk  one. Grete  fin  did  William,  j nit  fwilk  wo  did  werk , Soe  grete  vengeance  be  nam ,  of  men  of  holy  kirk , Yhat  did  no  wem  till  him ,  ne  no  trefpafs , Fro  York  unto  Durham,  no  wonyng jlede  was , Nien  yere,  fayes  my  buke ,  lofted  fo  grete  for r owe , Fhe  bi/hop  clerkes  tuke ,  lyves  for  two  borrowe. The  fubjetft  is  too  melancholy  to  dwell  any  longer  upon,  or  trouble  the  reader  with  any more  proofs  to  make  good  my  alTertion.  I  fhall  only  fay,  that  the  ufage  William  gave  our city  is  felt  yet;  having  never  fince  his  time  Ihewed  half  the  fplendour  that  it  did  before, and  humanly  fpeaking  never  will  again.  The  city  ot  London ,  though  now  fo  overgrown and  mighty,  was  not  to  be  compared  to  the  capital  city  of  the  Northumbrian  kingdom  in thofe  days  •,  fctyaul  unDctrffaimD,  fays  J.  Hardy  nge,  (x)  tljat  tn  tljofc  Dapcs  tl)C  cpfG  Of  Lon¬ don  IjaDmucjj  butlDing  from  Ludgate  totoarDD  Weftminfter,  ano  litle  o?  non  tuljcc  tljectjcfc o;  liarte  of  tljc  cpte  ps  nolo,  except  ttjat  tn  Dibcrfe  places  ftooDc  Ijoulpng,  buf  tfjcp  aoocc  cute of  OjDerc.  manpfotoncs  0J  eptesas  York,  Canterbury,  anD  Dibecfc  otljcrc  tit  Englande, paffeb  London  foj  buptopng  tn  ttjofe  Dapc*.  15ut  after  tye  conqucttc  it  tncrcafeD  anD Ip  afterc  pafiTcO  all  otljcres.  Johannes  Severiano  fpeaking  of  Fork,  and  the  troubles  in  the heptarchy ,  has  thefe  words  (y),  praefatum  vero  oppidum  in  id  virium  et  temeritatis  temporis  pro- ceffu  excrevit ,  ut  urbibus  antiquis  audeat fe  conferre.  For  though  we  have  often  feen  it  fuffer grievouily  under  the  Saxon ,  Danijh ,  and  other  invafions;  yet  it  always  returned,  in  any recefs,  to  its  former  greatnefs.  William *s  barbarity  {truck  at  the  very  roots  of  it,  and  his malice  went  fo  far  as  to  eraze  as  much  as  pofiible,  all  the  noble  remains  of  antiquity it  could  then  produce;  for,  fays  Leland  (z),  haec  clades  deturpavit,  ant  potius  penitus  ab- rafit,  quicquid  erat  monumentorum  aut  antiquae  nobilitatis  a  Romanis  reliffae  Eboraci.  And Maimfbury  writes,  as  if  he  faw  this  defolation,  in  aliquibus  tamen  parietum  minis ,  qui  femi- ruti  remanfere  videos  mira  Romariorum  artifeia.  What  wonder  then  that,  we  have  fo  few Roman  antiquities  to  produce  ?  The  fuburbs  of  the  city,  before  the  conqueft,  according  to  mlxxh Leland  (a),  extended  to  the  towns  a  mile  round  it,  conftans  fama  eft  aliquot  villas  effe  uno  ab Eboraco  milliario ,  ubi,  ante  tempora  Gulielmi  nothi,  termini  erant  fuburbanarum  aedium. To  conclude  this  whole  affair,  the  author  of  the  P olychronicon  writes,  ( b )  that  York  feemed as  fair  as  the  city  of  Rome,  before  it  was  burnt  by  William  the  conqueror  ;  and  what  was  juft- ly  enough  by  William  Harrifon  ftyled  Altera  Roma,  from  the  beauty  and  fine  buildings  of  it  ( c ), and  by  Alcuin  Caput  totius  regni ,  at  this  period  was  nothing  but  a  heap  of  ruins. £h(is,  talia  fando , Ycmperet  a  lacrimis  ? We  have  now  a  gap  of  time  which  is  impofTible  to  fill  up  with  any  materials  to  the  pur- pofe.  Our  city  lay  dead,  as  it  were,  after  William's,  cruel  ufage  near  an  age  for  few  ligns of  life  can  I  meet  with  in  hiftory  about  it.  The  contefts  betwixt  the  two  metropolitical archbifhops  excepted,  which  concern  another  part  of  this  work.  However  we  may  ima¬ gine  it  had  crept  out  of  its  rubbifh  in  king  Stephen's  time,  and  had  once  more  reared  its  MCXXXVIJ head,  when  another  unhappy  accident  befel  it.  A  cafual  fire  burft  out,  and  burnt  down the  cathedral  church,  St.  Mary's  flabby,  St.  Leonard's  hofpital,  with  thirty  nine  parifii churches  in  the  city,  and  Yrinity  church  in  the  fuburbs.  Mr.  Camden  writes  that  the  famous library  in  the  cathedral,  mentioned  above,  was  deftroyed  by  this  fire  ;  but  R.  Hoveden  dates its  deffru&ion  more  juftly,  from  the  former  conflagration.  The  hand  of  fate  was  fb'll  heavy upon  us,  and  this  repeated  blow  was  fenfibly  felt  by  the  inhabitants  ;  who  were  reduced  fo low  by  it,  that  their  churches,  efpecially  the  cathedral,  lay  a  long  time  in  rubbifh  for  want of  means  to  re-ere6t  them.  In  Stephen's  time,  befides  the  bloody  wars  that  occupied  his whole  reign,  England  may  be  faid  to  be  all  in  a  flame  •,  there  being  no  lefs  than  twenty cities  and  chief  towns  cafually  burnt  in  a  very  fhort  fpace  •,  amongft  which  ours  had  the misfortune  to  be  the  greateft  fufferer.  Mcxx David  king  of  Scotland  knowing  the  nation  was  divided  into  two  great  parties,  and  a bloody  civil  war  begun  betwixt  Maud  the  emprefs  and  Stephen  ;  took  this  opportunity  to enter  England  with  a  powerful  army,  (e)  and  fending  his  horfe  abroad  into  the  country  com¬ manded  them  to  wafte  and  fpoil  all  before  them.  In  the  mean  time  he  purpofed  to  befiege Fork,  which  if  he  could  have  taken,  he  determined  to  have  made  a  frontier  town  on  °it againft  Stephen  and  his  adherents.  Wherefore  calling  in  his  horfe,  he  marched  towards  the city,  and  fat  down  before  it. In  the  mean  time  archbifhop  Thurftan ,  whom  Stephen  had  made  lieutenant  governour  of the  north,  called  together  the  nobility  and  gentry  of  the  counties,  and  thofe  adjoining  to (*)  J  Hardynge  floruit  temp .  Hen.  V. (y)  Let  a  net's  coll. (  z  )  Ibid.  coll. (a)  Ibid.  coll. (b)  R.  Higdeni  polychron. ( c)  Defer!  ption  of  Brit. (d)  Stein,  See. (e)  Hollingflpc'd. the 91  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. the  city  of  York  ;  whofe  names  I  find  thus  recorded  by  Richard ,  prior  of  Hexham  (f\  Wil- liam  (g)  de  Albemarl-,  Walter  de  Gant,  Robert  de  Brus,  Roger  de  Mowbray ,  Walter' Eftec Ubert  de  Lacy ,  William  de  Percy ,  Rich,  de  Curcy ,  William  Fojfard,  and  Robert  de  Stouteville all  antient  barons  ol  this  county,  with  William  P  seer  el  and  Geofrey  Haifa  line  of  pct,„a’ ijamfljirc,  and  Robert  de  Ferrers  of  SDarb^fyirc.  Thefe  barons  inraged  to  fee  their  country lo  miferably  wafted  by  the  Scotch ,  railed  forces,  and  being  encouraged  by  an  oration  the archbifhop  made  to  them,  marched  againft  the  enemy  with  great  bravery.  The  king  of Scotland  did  not  wait  their  coming,  but  drew  his  army  from  before  York,  and  retired  north¬ ward  with  fome  precipitation.  The  Englijh  lords  came  up  with  him  at  ftojtljalcrtoiT, where  a  terrible  battle  was  fought,  and  where  the  Scots  were  entirely  routed,  and  ten  thou- fand  of  their  men  llain  upon  the  fpot.  This  battle  is  called  by  hiliorians  bellum  Jlandardi , or  the  battle  of  theftandard;  whence,  lays  the  prior,  Hugo  de  Sot  av  agin  a,  archdeacon  of of  po;tt,  at  that  time,  wrote  the  following  diftich  on  the  enfign  eretted  in  the  field  of battle, Dicilur  a  ftando  ftandardum,  quod  Jlelit  illic Mililiae  probit  as  vincere  five  mori. Standard  from  ftand  this  fight  we  aptly  call, Our  men  here  flood  to  conquer  or  to  fall. And  now,  inftead  of  terrible  wars,  fire,  famine,  murders,  and  deflations,  which  I  h..ve been  all  along  obliged  to  flick  to  in  thefe  hiftorical  annals  for  many  ages  laft  pail ;  the tables  are  turned  to  give  an  account  of  parliaments,  conventions,  coronations,  royal  mar¬ riages  and  interviews,  which  our  city  has  been  honoured  with,  in  fome  fucceeding  years from  this  period.  Blood  and  fire  will  fora  time  be  ftrangers,  except  in  fome  matters  of much  lefs  moment,  to  my  fubjetfl ;  and  mull  give  way  to  a  more  pleafant  recital  of  the pomps  and  ceremonies  of  our  former  Englijh  monarchs,  difplayed  in  our  antient  city,  on fieveral  occafions.  This  will  require  the  lkill  of  both  the  politician  and  courtier,  to  fet  them forth  in  the  colours  they  deferve  ;  for  want  of  which  abilities,  I  mull  be  obliged  to  wave a  great  many  flourifhes  naturally  arifing  in  my  way  •,  and  the  reader  mull  be  content  wi  h a  plain  relation  of  matter  of  fa<ft,  as  I  find  it  delivered  by  original  hiftorians. Our  city  continued  in  a  ftate  of  profound  peace  for  fome  ages  after  this;  for  though  the Scotch  wars  were  violent  enough  in  fome  of  the  fucceeding  reigns,  yet  they  were  to  the  norths ward  of  us,  and  never  reached  §0cufe,  but  once,  as  fhall  be  fhewn  in  its  proper  place.  The miferies  of  the  foregoing  ages,  and  the  happinefs  of  this,  in  relation  to  our  city,  is  funo- by  a  Scotch  poet  and  hiftorian  in  thefe  lines  ( h ), Vifito  quam  felix  Ebraucus  condidit  urbem , Petro  fe  debet  pontifi calls  apex. Civibus  haec  toties  viduata,  novifque  repleta , Diruta  profpexit  maenia  faepe  fua. Fluid  manus  hoftilis  queat  eft  expert  a  frequenter. Sed  quid  ?  nunc  pads  otia  long  a  fovent. Thus  englifhed  in  my  lord  of  London's  edition  of  Camden. There  happy  Ebrank’s  lofty  towers  appear. Who  owe  their  mitre  to  St.  Peter's  care. How  oft  in  dull  the  haplefs  town  hath  lain  ? How  oft  its  walls  have  changed  ?  how  oft  its  men  ? How  oft  the  rage  of  fword  and  fire  has  mourn’d  ? But  now  long  joy  and  lading  peace’s  return’d. Another  Scotch  poet  has  likewife  fung  our  praifes  in  the  following  verfes  (i). Praefidet  extremis  Artoae  finibus  orae Urbs  vetus,  in  veteri  fait  a  fubinde  nova  ; Romanis  aquilis  quondam  ducibufque  fuperba, Quam  poft  barbaricae  diripuere  manus. Pi<5tus  atrox ,  Scotus,  Danus,  Normannus  et  Anglus, Fulmina  in  hanc  marlis  detonuere  fui. Poft  diras  rerum  clades ,  totque  afpera  fata, Blandius  afpirans  aura  ferena  fubit. Londinum  caput  eft  et  regni  urbs  prima  Britanni, Eboracum  a  prima  jure  fecunda  venit. (f)  Richard  Haguft..  ~  ( h)  Alexander  Necham,  Carnder.. (g)  Made  the  firft  earl  of  Terk  by  Stephen.  Chron.  (i)  John  Jobn/on  of  Aberdeen,  Camden. Saxan.  p.  241. O’er Chap.  IV, of  the  CITY  of  YORK. O’er  the  laft  borders  of  the  northern  land lark's  antient  towers,  though  oft  made  new,  command. Of  Rome’s  great  princes  once  the  lofty  feat, ’Till  barbarous  foes  o’erwhelm’d  the  finking  ftate. 1  he  Pitts,  the  Scots,  the  Danes  and  Normans ,  here, Difcharg’d  the  loudeft  thunders  of  the  war. But  this  once  ceas’d,  and  every  ftorm  o’erblown, A  happier  gale  refrefh’d  the  riling  town. Tet  London  ftill  the  juft  precedence  claim, Tork  ever  fhall  be  proud  to  be  the  next  in  fame. One  of  the  firft  parliaments®)  mentioned  in  hiltory,  by  that  name,  was  held  in  Jfeb  about  Mcr' X M  JZ  '  '£%“!  M  reign  eHenry  thf  ftc0nd-  At  this  mention,  as  BuchafanZh  it, Zi  Z  Scolds  king  was  fummoned  to  appear,  to  anfwer  to  fuch  articles  as  were  to be  alledged  agamft  him  by  Henry  The  chief  article  was,  that  Malcbolm,  when  he  attended the  Englijh  king  m  his  wars  m  France,  betrayed  all  their  counfels  to  the  enemy.  The Scotch  king,  by  many  fubilantial  reafons,  overthrew  this  allegation;  but  he  could  not  pre¬ vent  the  fentence  pafling  on  him,  which  I  fuppofe  was  the  reafon  of  his  being  fummoned that  was,  to  lofc  all  the  lands  he  held  of  Henry  in  England,  and  to  do  homage  alfo  for  his kmgdom  of  Scotland  for  himfelf  and  fucceffors.  For  doing  the  laft,  which  wis  what  Henry cluefly  aimed  at  he  relinquished  ^ojtjMmberlaitO  of  the  former  part  of  the  fentence  to him.  This  condefcenfion  of  their  king,  the  Scotch  nobility  highly  refented,  and,  at  his  re¬ turn,  were  with  great  difficulty  brought  to  forgive  him This  parliament,  or  convention  of  the  eftates,  was  not  the  fame  as  now,  the  houfe  of commons  not  being  of  fo  old  a  date;  but  compofed  of  the  barons  and  bifops,  and  othe great  men  of  the  land  whom  the  king  pleafed  to  call  together  on  any  extraordinary  oc- cafion  It  is  the  firft  however,  that  I  can  iind,  that  was  ever  held  in  this  city,  or  perhaps m  England;  Rapms  Saxon  lit!  I  on-gemot  was  a  thing  not  known  in  the  Northumbrian  king- corn  Of  the  heptarchy  ;  at  eaft,  it  has  not  fallen  in  my  way  to  deferibe  it.  The  grand  af¬ fair  which  made  Henry  collect  his  nobles  at  this  time,  is  a  bufinefs  of  fuch  conference  to leave'S  expl  unft*  WarS’  1  “  pr0per’  for  the  readcr’s  better  info™ation,  to  beg Ever  fince  the  Saxon  government  in  England  became  univerfal,  and  the  power  of  the  na¬ tion  united,  the  Englijh  kings  had  looked  on  Scotland  with  an  avaritious  eye;  and  took  ill the  opportunities  they  could  to  gain  an  entire  conqueft  over  that  part  of  the  ifiand.  Some ot  the  Scotch  kings  held  the  three  counties  of  ^ojfljumtcrhllltl,  CumtalatlO,  and Boifthttc,  as  a  fealty  from  the  crown  of  England;  for  which  they  did  homage  to  The  kmt °t  England  at  his  acceffion  ;  or  when  he  pleafed  to  call  for  it.  But  this  was  not  all  the  E,f- ghjh  kings  aimed  at ;  the  fovereignty  of  Scotland  was  the  chief  claim;  and  the  ground  of  a perpetual  quarrel  betwixt  them  Nor  did  the  kings  of  England  ever  mifs  an  opportunity! when  the  Scotch  affairs  were  at  a  low  ebb,  to  make  their  kings  fubmit  to  perforni  that  cere¬ mony,  or  run  the  hazard  of  a  declaration  of  war  againft  them.  It  was  on  this  account  that Henry  II.  fummoned  Malcbolm  to  York,  before  himfelf  and  barons,  to  anfwer  to  a  feiened accufuion,  where  he  was  terrified  into  a  compliance  ;  for  which  he  loft  the  hearts  of nobility,  who  were  always,  ftriftly,  tenacious  of  their  antient  rights  and  privileges In  the  year  1 1 71  this  Henry  called  another  convention  of  the  barons  and  bifhops  of  MCLYXI the  realm  at  I  ork,  b'-forewi°m  he ^cited  IVdliam  the  fucceffor  of  Malcbolm  to  appear  and  do homage  to  him  for  the  whole  kingdom  of  Scotland  (k).  This  William  had  before  been  raken priloner  and  ranfomed  at  lork  lor  the  fum  of  four  thoufand  pound.  William  durft  do  no other  than  obey  the  fummons,  and  accordingly  fet  out  from  Scotland,  with  David  his  brother and  appeared  before  the  king  and  parliament  at  York  ;  where  his  homage  was  taken  in  the moft  fubmiffive  and  binding  manner  poffible.  Knighton  fays,  that  WilCmm  with  the  confer of  all  his  peers  and  prelates  did  homage  to  Henry  lor  the  kingdom  of  Scotland;  he  fil  e w.fe  figned  etters  patents  binding  himfelf  and  all  his  fucceffors,  and  all  the  fubjeft  of Scotland  to  do  homage  and  fealty,  with  all  faithfulnefs,  whenever  the  kings  of  EM flmuld  require  it.  In  token  of  which  fubjeftion,  the  Scotijh  king  offered  ancfdepofited  up on  the  altar  of  St.  Peter  m  the  cathedral  church  at  York,  Ids  (l)  breaJl-tlale,fpL  and  Z d,c;  which  adds  my  author,  remain  there  at  this  day.  The  peers  of  Scotland,  now  hum- hk-  enough  took  an  oatn,  binding  them  and  their  heirs,  that  if  at  any  time  their  kin- Ihould  gooff  from  Ins  faith  and  break  tins  agreement,  they  would  rife  with  one  accord  and compel  him  to  flick  clofe  to  the  lame.  corQ  arm ,  T1,!s.  wasrd!e  moll  abject  fubmiffion  chat  ever  the  Scotch  gave  to  the  Engti/b  nation  Bo chanaii  himfelf,  who  is  mighty  apt  to  flip  or  gild  over  the  cranfaftions  of 'his  countrymen’ (/  )  H.  Tloet. ( ■()  Scotch  chron. (/)  Capellum,  lanceam  it  fellam  fuper  altare  -he, Hi Pi  tri  Euor.  obtuLt,  quae  in  er.dcm  ecclefia  ujijue  ad Louie  main  durn  rn.mncut,  (t  fereantur.  Knighton  inter Iff-  In  a  claim  of  ting  EJwarl  I.  to  his  rights  in Scotland  lent  to  the  pope,  mention  is  made  of  thclc pledges  of  Scotch  fubjeffion  then  kept  in  the  cathedra) church  of  Turk ;  but  they  arc  long  fince  loll.  Pj/cfi placit.  pail.  596.  in  append.  , B  b 4 when 94  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book I. when  he  thinks  them  any  ways  derogatory  to  the  honour  of  the  Scotch  name,  does  not  de- ny  the  fadb  above  ;  but  leems  to  bewail  the  miferies  of  their  nation,  who  were  then  reduced to  fuch  extremities,  that  they  had  no  other  way  left  to  redeem  their  good  king ,  as  he  calls him,  and  fave  themfelves  from  certain  ruin. In  the  fucceeding  reign  of  Rickard  king  of  England ,  and  at  his  coronation,  an  accident happened  of  lingular  concern  to  our  city,  and  attended  with  fuch  confequences  as  hi- .  ftory  can  fcarce  parallel.  A  particular  account  of  which,  taken  chiefly  from  William  of MCLXXXIX.  Newburgh ,  and  Walter  Hemingford  canon  uf  Gijburgh ,  both  Torkjhire  monks,  who  are  na¬ turally  led  to  be  copious  in  relating  the  tranfadtions  of  their  own  county  cannot  be  unac¬ ceptable  to  the  reader. The  Jews  were  a  people  firft  introduced  into  England  by  William  the  conqueror;  a tribe  of  thefe  muft  have  placed  themfelves  at  Tork  foon  after  ;  where,  by  trade,  they  were grown  fo  immenfely  rich,  that  they  were  found  to  be  worth  the  plundering  both  by  prince and  people,  as  oft  as  they  could  form  an  excufe  for  that  purpofe.  The  fear  they  conftantly lived  under  made  them  take  all  opportunities  by  rich  prefents,  to  ingratiate  themfelves with  the  reigning  prince,  that  they  might  fecurely  live  under  his  protedtion.  Which  fa¬ vour  was  fometimes  hard  to  gain ;  fo  zealoufly  affedted  to  the  chriftian  religion  were  our fcrmer  Englijh  kings,  that  they  could  not  bear  an  open  avowed  enemy  to  it  to  live  amongft them.  The  naturalizing  of  this  people,  and  making  them  free  denifons  of  England ,  was  re- ferved  for  a  later  age  to  enadt.  Richard  the  firft  was  as  zealous  a  Chriftian  as  ever  fat  on the  Englijh  throne;  and  as  bitter  an  enemy  to  its  opponents.  Notwithftanding  which  the Jews  were  undifturbed,  but  abhorring  their  religion,  and,  as  my  authority  fpeaks,  doubting fome  forcery,  or  other  finifter  end  from  them,  he  ftridlly  commanded,  that,  at  his  coro¬ nation,  no  Jews,  whatever,  fhou Id  appear,  either  at  church  or  at  dinner. (m)  Some  of  the  richeft  and  principal  men  of  the  Jews  in  the  kingdom,  were  fummoned from  all  parts,  where  they  refided,  by  their  brethren  in  London ,  to  come  up  to  the  corona¬ tion,  and  prefent  fome  very  rich  gift  to  the  new  king,  in  order  to  procure  his  friendfhip towards  them,  for  confirming  the  privileges  and  liberties  granted  them  by  his  predecefiors. The  chief  of  the  Jews  at  Tork  were  two  very  rich  and  wealthy  merchants,  and  very  great uferers,  called  Benedict  and  Jocenus  (n).  Thefe  went  from  hence  to  London  with  a  pompous retinue  in  order  to  meet  their  brethren,  and  attend  the  coronation.  Notwithftanding  the king’s  injunction,  many  of  the  Jews  had  the  curiofity  to  mix  with  the  croud,  in  order  to fee  the  ceremony  ;  where  being  difcovered  by  the  guards,  they  were  beat  and  abufed,  and fome  few  flain.  The  people,  who  watched  all  opportunities  to  plunder  their  houfes,  took it  prefently  for  granted,  that  the  king  had  given  orders  they  fhould  all  be  deftroyed.  Pof- fefled  with  this  notion,  a  general  mafiacre  began  in  London ;  where  the  Jews  were  mur¬ dered,  their  houfes  plundered,  and  burnt  to  the  ground  with  their  wives  and  children  in them.  The  king  ordered  immediately  a  proclamation  to  ftop  thefe  proceedings  on  the  fe- vereft  penalties ;  but,  for  all  that,  the  example  of  the  metropolis,  was  followed  by  divers other  places  in  the  realm,  as  at  Norwich ,  Lynn ,  Stamford ,  but  especially  at  dot k ;  where, fay  my  authors,  the  cruel  commands  of  the  fierceft  tyrant,  the  rigour  of  the  fevered  laws, could  never  have  fo  tar  exceeded  the  bounds  of  reafon  and  humanity,  as  to  tolerate  fuch  a proceeding.  _  in. Benedict  and  Jocenus ,  our  Jews  of  Tork,  it  feems,  had  the  curiofity  to  go  amongft  the  reft to  fee  the  ceremony  ;  Benedict  was  grievoufly  bruifed  and  wounded  in  the  con  (lift,  and bein"  dragged  into  a  (o)  church,  was  there  forced  to  renounce  Judaifm  and  be  baptized. The^ext  day  when  the  tumult  was  ceafed  he  was  brought  before  the  king,  who  demanded of  him  whether  he  was  a  Chriftian  or  no  ?  Benedict  anfwered,  that  he  had  been  forced  into baptifm,  but  that  he  continued  a  Jew  in  his  heart,  and  ever  ftiould  do  ;  that  he  chofe  much rather  to  fuller  death  at  his  hands,  fince  the  fevere  ufage  he  had  undergone  the  day  before informed  him,  that  he  could  not  long  furvive  it.  At  which  words  being  driven  from  the kind’s  prefence  he  was  reftored  to  the  Jews ;  but  the  miferable  man  foon  after  expired. Jocenus  his  companion  had  the  good  fortune  to  efcape  the  fray  in  Union  ;  but  where  he thought  himfelf  the  fafeft,  he  met  with  a  much  worfe  fate  at  York.  The  king  foon  after going  on  his  voyage  to  the  holy  land,  had  left  orders  with  the  lord  chancellor  to  proteft  the Jews,  and  punilh  feverely  all  that  fhould  offend  them.  But  this  was  little  regarded  at  Tork, for  a  conlpiracy  was  formed  againft  them  by  feveral  of  the  city  and  county  ;  men  thirftmg for  blood,  fay  my  authorities,  who  wanted  'but  an  opportunity  to  put  their  cruel  defigns  in execution.  A  confiderable  part  of  the  city  took  fire  in  a  very  boifterous  night,  by  accidenc as  was  fuppofed,  but  rather  imagined  to  be  done  on  purpofe,  that  the  citizens  being  bufy  in extinguifhing  the  flames  might  not  obfirtlft  their  barbarous  intentions.  In  this  interval  the confpirators  broke  into  the  houfe  of  Benedict  (lain  at  London-,  which  being  prodlgioully ftrong,  his  wife,  children  and  friends  had  made  a  fanccuary  of,  as  dreading  lome  commo¬ tion.”  But,  this  being  overcome  by  engines  prepared  for  that  purpofe,  they  entered  and (m)  Gut.  Hewburfunfis  hill.  Walter.  Hemingford  in- ter  xx  feript.  ed.  Gale. (n)  Thomas  lights,  more  probably,  calls  him  Jofsas. Chron.  Thom.  If  inter  xx  feript. («)  Ba  •tizatus  eft  a  Wilielmo  prior e  S.  Mariae  Eboraci in ecclejia  S.  Innocent.  &  vocatus  ejl  Wilielmus.  R.  Hove- den. murdered Chap. IV.  of  the  CITY  o/YORK. murdered  the  whole  family,  gutted  the  houfe,  and  afterwards  fet  fire  to  it,  and  burnt  it down  to  the  ground.  An  alarm  of  this  kind  (truck  all  the  Jews  at  York  with  the  utmoft terror-,  but  Jocenus  efpecially  dreaded  their  fury  fo  much,  that  he  got  leave  of  the  gover¬ nor  to  convey  all  his  vaft  bulk  of  wealth  into  the  cajlle  as  if  it  had  belonged  to  the  king, or  was  under  his  protection.  In  a  very  few  days  thefe  night  robbers  and  plunderers,  with greater  force  and  fury,  returned  and  attacked  the  houfe  of  Jocenus ;  which  though  (trongly fortified  with  confiderable  towers,  underwent  the  fame  fate  with  the  former  ;  except  that  the Jew  prefaging  the  evil,  had  withdrawn  himfelf,  wife  and  children  into  the  caftle.  His  ex¬ ample  was  followed  by  all  the  reft  of  the  Jews  in  the  city  ;  leaving  few  or  none,  nor  any  of their  goods,  behind  them.  The  robbers  being  enrag’d  at  the  lofs  of  fo  much  plunder,  which they  had  already  devoured  in  their  minds  threw  off  all  difguife  or  any  fear  of  magiftrates  or laws,  and  not  being  content  with  the  deftruCtion  of  their  houfes,  flew  like  madmen  on  fome Jews,  that  were  left  out  of  the  caftle,  and  either  forced  them  to  be  baptized  or  fuffer  imme¬ diate  death.  Whilft  this  was  aCting  in  the  city,  the  multitude  of  Jews  that  had  taken  fan- Ctuary  in  the  caftle,  feemed  to  be  perfectly  fecured  from  the  malice  of  their  enemies.  But it  happened  that  the  governor  coming  out  of  the  caftle  upon  fome  bufinefs  of  his  own,  when he  would  have  returned  was  prevented  by  the  Jews  who  feared  leaft  in  this  time  he  might have  made  fome  agreement  with  their  enemies  to  deliver  them  up.  The  governor  went  im¬ mediately  to  the  ( p )  high  fheriff  of  the  county,  who  was  then  in  York  negotiating  the  king’s affairs,  and  told  him  that  the  Jews ,  under  pretence  of  begging  protection  in  the  caftle,  had fraudulently  (hut  him  out  of  it.  The  high  llieriff  was  angry  to  the  laft  degree-,  which  was ftill  inflamed  by  thofe  near  him,  who  wifhed  the  Jews  no  good,  by  faying  that  it  was  the higheft  indignity  to  the  perfon  of  the  king  himfelf,  to  have  one  of  the  mod  confiderable fortreffes  in  the  kingdom  fiezed  by  thefe  mifereants.  He  inftantly  ordered  out  the  writ  of poffe  comitalus  to  raife  the  country  to  befiege  the  caftle.  Excurrit  irrevocable  verb  tan,  fays Hemingford ,  and  now  was  (hewn  the  zeal,  adds  he,  of  the  chrijlian  populace  -,  for  an  innu¬ merable  company  of  armed  men,  as  well  from  the  city  as  county,  rofe  at  once  and  begirt  the fortrefs  round.  When  the  high  (heriff  faw  this,  he  began  to  repent  of  his  too  hafty  order, and  would  fain  have  recalled  his  writ ;  but,  to  thofe  incenfed  people,  whatever  he  could  fay  or do,  by  authority  or  reafon,  was  to  no  purpofe.  The  better  or  wifer  fort  of  the  citizens,  aware of  the  king’s  difpleafure,  cautioufly  avoided  thefe  extravagant  proceedings.  A  great  many of  the  clergy  however  were  in  it  -,  and  amongft  them  a  certain  friar,  agitated  by  a  furious miftaken  zeal,  was  violent  in  the  bufinefs.  The  caftle  was  fiercely  affail’d  for  feveral  days together,  and  no  one  was  bolder  in  all  attempts  than  this  canon  hermit  of  the  Praemonftraten- fian  order,  as  my  authors  ftyle  him  -,  for  clad  in  a  ( q )  white  vefture  he  was  every  where  dili¬ gent,  and  crying  out  with  a  loud  voice  that  the  enemies  of  Chrijl  Jhould  be  dejlroyed ,  by  his  own labour  and  boldnefs  he  greatly  encouraged  the  reft  of  the  befiegers.  But  being  too  ftrenu- ous  in  his  endeavours  in  fixing  the  battering  engines  againft  the  walls,  he  came  fo  near them  that  a  large  (lone  put  an  end  to  his  zeal,  by  da(hing  out  his  brains. The  Jews  being  driven  to  great  diftrefs,  held  a  council  amongft  themfelves  what  was  to be  done  -,  they  had  offered  a  mighty  fum  of  mony  only  to  efcape  with  their  lives,  but  it was  rejected  ( r).  When  a  certain  rabbin ,  or  doCtor  of  their  law,  who  was  come  from  foreign parts  to  teach  and  inftruCt  the  Jews ,  ftood  up  amongft  them  and  laid,  (s)  Men  o/'Ifrael,  our God ,  whofe  laws  I  have  preferibed  to  you,  commands  that  we  Jhould  at  any  time  dye  for  our  law ; and  behold ,  now  death  looks  us  in  the  face,  and  we  have  but  to  chufe  whether  we  Jhould  lead  a bafe  and  fcandalous  life,  or  take  the  bejl  method  to  come  at  a  gallant  and  glorious  death.  If  we fall  into  the  hands  of  our  enemies ,  at  their  own  will  and  pleafure  we  mufl  dye  but  our  creator  when he  gave  us  life ,  did  alfo  enjoin  us  that  with  our  own  hands,  and  of  our  own  accord,  we  Jhould  de¬ voutly  rejlore  it  to  him  again ,  rather  than  wait  on  the  cruelty  of  any  enemy.  This  many  of  our brethren  in  many  great  tribulations  have  bravely  performed  they  knew  how  to  do  it,  and  the  jnojl decent  manner  of  execution  is  pointed  out  to  us.  Many  of  the  Jews  embraced  the  dread¬ ful  counfel  of  the  rabbin  -,  but  the  reft  thought  his  advice  much  too  harfh  and  would  not  con- fent.  The  elder  perceiving  this  fa  id,  thofe  that  this  good  and  pious  courfe  difpleafes,  let  them feparate  and  le  cut  off  from  the  holy  congregation  ;  we  for  the  fake  of  our  paternal  law  defpife  the love  of  tranfitory  life.  Several  withdrew  upon  this,  and  rather  chofe  to  try  the  victor’s  cle¬ mency,  than  follow  the  rabbin's  advice.  Before  they  begun  to  execute  the  horrid  fentence, the  elder  commanded  that  all  their  rich  houftiold  goods,  (tuff'  and  garments,  fliould  be  pub- lickly  burnt.  Nay  even  their  plate,  which  would  not  fuffer  by  the  fire,  was  by  an  artful and  malicious  method  ftrangely  damnified  left  the  enemy  fhould  be  enriched  by  their  fpoils. This  done,  and  fire  put  to  all  the  towers  of  the  caftle,  whilft  their  companions  who  had chofen  life  looked  fullenly  on,  each  man  prepared  for  the  (laughter.  Being  told  by  their elder  that  thofe  who  bore  the  fteddiaft  minds,  fliould  firft  cut  the  throats  of  their  wives  and children,  the  celebrated  Jocenus  began  the  execution  by  doing  that  barbarous  aCt  on  his  own wife  whom  our  hiftorians  call  Anna ,  and  five  children.  The  example  was  fpeedily  follow- (p)  The  high  fheriff  of  this  county  i  Rich.  I.  was Ran Jul.  dc  Glanvile. (<y)  Probably  the  habit  of  his  order,  that  being white.  Vid.  Dug.  mon. (r)  Hove  den. (s)  M.  Pur  is.  ■, cd 91 4 Phe  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. fd  by  the  reft  of  the  mailers  of  families ;  and  afterwards  th e  rabbin  cut  the  throat  of  Jocemcs himielf,  as  a  point  of  honour  he  chofe  to  do  him  above  the  reft.  In  (hort,  the  whole  crew of  milerable  men,  who  had  thus  voluntarily  given  themfelves  up  to  deflruction,  flew  thtm- felves  or  one  another;  and  amongft  the  reft  fell  their  impious  advifer(t). In  the  mean  time  the  fire  that  had  been  put  to  the  callle  raged  much ;  which  thofe  poor Jews  who  had  chofen  life  endeavoured  as  much  as  poffible  to  quell.  At  day-bredk  the  be- liegers  thronged,  as  ufual,  to  aflault  the  fortrefs ;  when  the  wretched  remains  of  the  mafiacre within  flood  upon  the  walls,  and  in  a  moll  lamentable  manner  declared  the  horrid  calajln- pbe  of  their  brethren.  They  threw  their  dead  bodies  over  the  wall,  to  convince  them  of  it  ■ and  in  a  molt  fuppliant  and  moving  manner,  begged  mercy,  with  an  afiurance  of  all  of them  turning  chnftians.  But  the  heads  and  ringleaders  of  thefe  mercilefs  bloodhounds,  of whom  one  Richard ,  fays  my  author,  called  for  his  beaftiality  mala  bejlia ,  was  the  chief took  no  companion  on  their  fufferings.  However,  feigning  a  concern,  the  Jews  let  them into  the  caflle  ;  which  was  no  fooner  done  than  they  flew  every  one  of  thofe  poor  creatures who,  add  my  authorities,  to  the  lafl  cried  out  for  baptifm.  The  worthy  exploit  performed! the  heroes  ran  flrait  to  the  cathedral  church,  where  the  bonds  the  cbriftians  were  bound to  the  Jews  in  for  money  were  depofited  ;  and  violently  broke  open  the  chefts,  took  and burnt  all  the  writings  in  the  midft  of  the  church,  and  thus  fet  themfelves  and  many  more free  from  their  avaritious  ufury.  And  after  all  each  man  went  his  way,  the  foldiers  to  their colours,  and  the  commons  to  their  houfes,  in  as  much  joy  and  triumph,  as  if  they  had  done the  gallanted  and  moft  meritorious  abtion. This  mafiacre  happened  at  Tork  on  the  eleventh  day  of  March  A.  ii’±.  For  certain,  it was  the  bonds  in  the  church,  and  the  plunder  they  expedted  to  find  in  their  houfes,  more than  a  zeal  for  the  chrijlian  religion,  provoked  thefe  mifereants  to  commit  fuch  ’an  in¬ human  mafiacre.  For  fuch  indeed  was  their  procurement,  though  the  Jews  performed  the executive  part  moftly  themfelves.  William  of  Newburgh  writes,  that  there  were  five  hun¬ dred  men  took  fanftuary  in  the  caftle,  befides  women  and  children  ;  if  fo,  this  daughter  mult be  very  confiderable  ■,  and  it  cannot  be  computed  that  lefs  than  one  thoufand  or  fifteen  hun- A,  dred  perfonswere  deftroyed. MCLXXXX.  But  we  mud  now  fee  what  vengeance  king  Richard  took  on  his  rapacious  fubjefts,  for committing  fuch  lawlefs  and  unprecedented  robberies.  The  king  himfelfwas  then  engaged in  the  holy  war;  but  before  he  left  England,  he  not  only  put  forth  the  proclamation  afore- laid  in  favour  of  the  Jews,  but  gave  them  his  word  and  honour  they  fhould  no  more  be  di- fturbed.  When  the  news  of  this  bloody  affair  at  Tork  reached  him  in  the  Holy  Land,  he was  in  a  vehement  paflion,  that  his  commands  fhould  be  fo  far  flighted  ;  and  fent  orders  to the  bifhop  of  Ely,  his  chancellor  and  regent,  to  go  down  in  perfon  to  Tork,  and  execute ftrict  juitice  without  favour  or  affeftion  on  all  offenders.  The  bifhop,  a  man  of  fierce  na¬ ture  and  proud,  fet  out  with  a  flrong  body  of  troops,  and  came  to  the  city  ;  but  the  chief authors  of  the  riot  having  notice  of  his  coming,  were  fled  into  Scotland.  The  citizens  he examined  with  great  ftribtnefs  ;  they  denied  the  having  the  leaft  hand  in  it,  nor  were  they aiding  or  afiifling  the  rioters  in  any  degree  ;  which  they  offered  undeniably  to  prove.  They laid  the  whole  affair  was  tranfatfled  by  the  inhabitants  of  the  neighbouring  towns  ;  who  came upon  them  in  fuch  multitudes  of  armed  men,  that  they  were  not  able,  either  by  force  or  ad¬ vice,  to  prevent  the  confequence.  This  excufe  did  not  wholly  fatisfy  the  bifhop,  for  he  laid a  very  large  fine  on  the  city,  and  made  each  man  pay  his  proportion  before  he  left  the  place. 1  faring  that  this  was  done  by  a  precept  from  the  high  fheriff,  he  removed  both  him and  the  governour  of  the  caftle  from  their  places,  and  committed  them  to  prilon  ;  he  nave the  government  ol  the  county  to  his  brother  OJherl  de  Longcamp  («).  He  built  or  repaired  a caftle  in  the  old  fortification  which  king  William  Rufus  had  formerly  ftrengthened.  The commonalty  of  the  city  he  did  not  rnoleft,  fince  their  ringleaders  were  gone  off;  but  the foldiers  who  were  concerned  in  the  fray  he  caufed  to  be  punifhed  and  turned  out  of  the  fer- ■  ice.  And  after  having  taken  an  hundred  hoflages  of  the  city,  as  bondfmen  to  anfwer  for the  good  behaviour  of  the  reft,  and  to  the  charge  of  being  guilty  of  the  death  of  the  Jews before  the  king,  he  departed.  Thus,  fays  Hemingford,  the  billiop  rather  fought  to  fatisfy his  own  avaritious  temper  by  mulcts,  fines,  Gr.  than  do  the  juitice  he  ought  to  have  done  ; lor  not  one  man,  adds  he,  either  then  or  fince,  was  executed  for  the  villainy  lx). ( t)  An  infhnce  fomeivhat  parallel  to  this  of  JewiJb forrrude,  is  in  Jcfiphus  ;  who  writes,  that  he  and  forty of  his  brethren  Jiid  themfelves  in  a  save,  but  being  found out  by  ;i.e  V<fp,if.an  offered  them  quarter  which they  .ill  refilled.  Jojphus  ad\iicd  them  to  cart  lots  one after  another  for  their  lives,  and  he  upon  whom  the  lot tell  was  to  be  killed  by  the  next  man,  thus  every  man  to u,.e  his  fortune  round.  The  advice  was  followed  and executed  lo  far,  that  Jofrpbus  himfelf  by  great  chance with  one  ether  Je to,  were  all  that  were  left  alive,  whom he  pcrluaded  to  furrendcr  to  the  Romnns.  But  this  he owns  to  Vejpajian  was  contrary  to  ‘JewiJb  law  and  cultom, to  fall  alive  into  their  enemy’s  hands.  L'E/lranee's Jofepbus.  " i  u)  Delude  idem  cancellarius  tredidit  Olberto  de  Longo Carnpo  fr.Ur;  fuo  cumitafum  Eboracenfem  in  cud.Tia,  et praecepit  firmare  eajlellum  in  veteri  caftellaria  q:,  J  rex Wiliclmus  Rufus  HA  conjiruxn  at .  Koveden. ( x)  One  Rub  nr d  MalebiJJc ,  probably  of  the  Acsfler  fa¬ mily,  paid  ccc  marks  for  his  pardon,  cjfc,  on  account  of being  concerned  in  the  flaughter  of  the  Jews  at  Turk , 6  Rich.  I.  Again  xx  marks  to  have  his  land  reiiored which  was  feizedon  thatoccafion.  Maddsx  s  excheq  300. This J Chap. IV.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  97 This  prelate’s  haughty  pride  may  be  fflewn  alfo  by  another  inftance-,  (y)  for  being  -angry at  the  clergy  of  the  metropolitan  church  of  York,  for  not  receiving  him  with  the  honours due  to  an  apoftolical  legate,  with  proceffion,  lAc.  he  laid  the  whole  church  under  an  inter¬ dict  j  and  kept  it  on  till  liich  time  as  the  bells  of  the  cathedral  were  taken  down  to  the.ground, and  the  canons,  vicars  and  odier  ecclefiafticks  came  in  an  humble  manner  and  made  fuhmif- lion  at  his  feet. Norwithftanding  this  terrible  deftrudtion  of  the  Jews ,  the  city  was  fupplicd  with  a  new colony  of  them  •,  who  under  the  protedtion  of  our  kings  grew  rich,  and  lived  here  in  great fplendour  and  magnificence.  That  they  continued  inhabitants  of  this  city  to  their  total  cx- pulfion(z)  by  Edward  I.  and  that  they  carried  on  their  old  trade  of  ufurybere,  is  evident from  a  grant  of  that  king  to  one  IVilliam  Latimer  oi  fome  houfes  in  Conyng-Jtreet ,  belong¬ ing,  as  is  expreffed,  to  an  exiled  Jew ,  which  I  have  caufed  to  be  placed  in  the  appendix  (a) along  with  fome  of  their  ancient  mortgages.  The  names  of  two  places  in  and  about  the  city Hill  retain  the  memory  of  them. In  the  reign  of  king  John  the  Scotch  had  recovered  their  fpirits,  and  a  war  was  likely  to  A- break  out  betwixt  the  two  nations  {b).  But  John ,  having  work  enough  cut  out  for  him  in  h-CX.CIX France  and  at  home,  propofed  a  mediation  of  this  affair.  And  a  meeting  betwixt  the  two kings  and  their  nobles  was  at  York  ( c ).  Here  it  was  agreed  that  Richard  and  Henry ,  fons  to John ,  fhould  in  the  fpace  of  nine  years  marry  Margaret  and  Ifabell ,  daughters  to  IVilliam , For  the  confirmation  of  which  nine  noblemen  of  Scotland  were  delivered  to  the  EngliJJo  king. In  this  affembly  at  York  king  William  furrendered  into  the  hands  of  king  John  the  lands  of Cuntfcerlauo,  ^tmtingtonfljirc  and  jjio;tl;timbcrlanD  ;  to  the  intent  that  he  fhould  affign them  again  to  his  ion  prince  Alexander.  Which  prince  was  to  do  homage  for  the  fame, according  to  the  manner  and  cuftom  in  that  cafe  provided  ■,  for  a  recognition  that  thofe  di- ftridts  were  held  of  the  kings  of  England ,  as  fuperiour  lords  of  the  fame. The  reader  muff  excufe  the  hiftory  of  a  miraculous  cure,  which  I  cannot  well  omit,  done  by the.  Scotch  king  at  this  meeting  at  York(d).  Here  the  royal  touch  was  in  an  efpecial  manner exemplify’d,  and  lhewn  to  be  of  great  efficacy  in  the  kings  of  Scotland ,  as  immediate  defen¬ dants  from  Edward  the  confeffor.  The  kings  of  England ,  at  leaft  John ,  I  find  did  not  pre¬ tend  to  have  this  fanative  quality  in  thofe  days.  The  chronicle  fays,  that  “  during  the  a- “  bode  of  thefe  two  kings  at  York ,  there  was  brought  unto  them  a  child  of  lingular  beauty, “  fon  and  heir  to  a  gentleman  of  great  poffeffions  in  thofe  parts.  The  child  was  grievoufiy tc  afflicted  with  fundry  difeafes,  for  one  of  its  eyes  was  confumed  and  loft  through  an  iffue “  which  it  had  of  corrupt  and  filthy  humours-,  one  of  his  hands  was  dried  up--,  one  of  his “  feet  was  fo  taken  that  he  had  no  ufe  of  it ;  and  his  tongue  likewife  that  he  could  not “  fpeak.  The  phyficians  who  faw  him  thus  troubled  with  contrary  infirmities  deemed  him “  incurable.  Neverthelefs  king  William  making  a  crofs  on  him  reftored  him  immediately “  to  health.”  The  chronicler  adds  this  obfervation,  “  that  it  was  believed  by  many  that <c  this  was  done  by  miracle,  through  the.  power  of  almighty  God ,  that  the  vertue  of  fo  god- tc  ly  a  prince  might  be  notified  to  the  World.” During  the  inteftine  troubles  of  England ,  betwixt  king  John  and  his  barons,  our  city  a. is  not  mentioned  -,  the  more  fouthern  parts  being  only  affe<5led.  Except  that  in  the  laft  MCCXTX year  of  this  king  the  northern  barons  having  recovered  fome  ftrength  from  their  laft  over¬ throw,  cameandlaid  fiege  to  York  (V).  But  receiving  a  thoufand  marks  from  the  inhabitants, they  granted  truce  to  them  till  the  octaves  of  Pentecojl. In  the  reign  of  John's,  fucceffor  Henry  III  (f),  the  civil  broils  being  in  fome  meafure  ap-  A- peafed,  that  king,  willing  to  have  a  ftridt  alliance  with  Scotland  in  order  to  be  the  better  MCCXX. able  to  cope  with  his  factious  barons,  came  to  a  convention  at  York.  Where  on  St.  Bar¬ nabas  day,  the  king  of  Scots  fwore  before  Pandulph ,  the  popes  legate,  to  take  Joan  Henry's, filter  to  wife,  and  in  three  days  after  folemnly  married  her.  This  was  the  lady  whom  the Scotch  in  derifion  called  Joan  Makepeace.  A  name  not  in  vain,  fays  Buchanan ,  for  from that  time  there  was  a  ftritft  alliance  betwixt  the  two  kings  as  long  as  they  lived.  I  find  in the  Foedera  two  atfts  of  ftate  dated  at  this  time  at  York  under  thefe  titles, (g)  De  forore  regis  Alexandro  regi  Scotiae  tradend.  in  uxor.  Dat.  apud  Eborum  in  praefentia domini  Pandulphi  Norwicenfis  eletti,  domini  papae  camerarn  &  apofl.fedis  legati,  15  die  menjis Junii  anno  regni  nojlri  quarto ,  A.  D.  1220. l)e  maritagio  regis  Scotiae  Alexandri  cum  forore  regis  Anglia e  dat.  apud  Ebor.  die  predict. As  likewife  the  jointure  which  Alexander  made  to  his  queen  Joan  under  this  title. De  dote  concejfa  a  rege  Scotiae  fponfae  fuae  Johannae  forori  regis  Anglia e,dat.  apud  Eborum ut  fupra.  (h ) (y)  R-  Hove  den. (z)  The  Jezus  were  all  banifh’d  .the  realm  A.  1290. 18  Edw.  I.  the  number  of  them  expulfcd  at  this  time  was fifteen  thoufand  and  fixty  perfons,  to  whom  the  king  only allowed  what  ready  money  they  had  to  carry  with  them  ; and  the  king  amalled  great  riches  by  the  fale  .of  their houfes  and  goods.  Holt,  chron.  Stowe. ( b)  Scotch  chron.  M.  Paris. (c)  The  citizens  of  York  were  fined  c.  pounds  for  not coming  to  meet  the  king  when  he  came  to  the  city,  £3" Maddox's  excheq.  p.  392. (d)  Holling/bed's  Scotch  chron . (e)  Stowe. (f)  Hen.  111.  reg.  A.  4. (g)  Rymer's  Foedera. ( h )  Omnium  querelarum  inter  Angliae  ct  Scotiae  regrs finalis  concordia ;  cor  am  Othone  cardinali  legato  apud  £- C  c  In The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. In  the  fourteenth  year  of  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  we  find  that  prince  at  York  (i)  ;  where he  kept  his  Cbriflmas  in  a  mod  magnificent  manner.  He  had  invited  his  brother  Alexander king  of  Scotland  to  meet  him.  At  this  Feftival  was  prefent,  befides  the  two  kings,  O'.ho  the cardinal  legate,  the  archbifirops,  bifiiops  and  other  Spiritual  ecclefiafticks,  with ’the  earh barons,  and  general  officers  of  the  kingdom,  and  the  king’s  whole  houffiold.  The  kino  of England  with  great  prodigality  bellowed  upon  his  brother  many  magnificent  prefents,  fays M.  Pans,  as  fine  horfes,  rings,  jewels,  precious  Hones,  with  various  other  gifts.  Tl’e  two kings  dined  together  in  publick  three  days  fucceffively  in  the  mod  fplendid  manner  and  ce¬ lebrated  the  feftival  with  all  imaginable  pleafure  and  fatisfaftion.  On  the  fourth  day  they parted. But  this  interview  was  nothing  in  companion  to  another  which  happened  a tlork,  A.  1251. betwixt  the  aforefaid  Henry  of  England  and  Alexander  III,  fon  of  the  former  king  of  Scotland. fins  was  fo  extraordinary  a  meeting  which  our  city  was  then  honoured  with,  that  I  fhall beg  leave  to  be  very  particular  in  the  defeription  of  it ;  from  the  monk  of  St.  Allan’s,  lii- ftory,  who  was  contemporary  and  the  annalift  of  Henry  the  third’s  reign. In  the  year  of  our  lord  1251,  the  thirty  fifth  of  king  Henry  III,  came  that  monarch  to York  in  order  to  marry  his  daughter,  juft  then  marriageable,  to  Alexander  the  young  kino- of  Scotland ;  and  to  fee  the  ceremony  performed  with  that  grandeur  and  magnificence  that the  nuptials  betwixt  two  fuch  extraordinary  perfonages  deferred.  There  came  alio  from each  kingdom  a  multitude  of  clergy  and  laity,  in  order  to  fee  this  great  wedding  -,  for  the report  of  it  had  fpread  far  and  near.  Along  with  the  king  and  queen  of  England  came  all the  peers  of  the  realm,  whole  names,  fays  my  author,  are  too  tedious  to  mention.  With the  king  of  Scotland  came  his  mother  the  queen  dowager  of  Scotland ,  who  on  this  occafion was  fent  for  from  France.  She  was  of  the  houfe  of  Coucy,  and  brought  along  with  her  divers of  the  drench  nobility,  which,  with  the  Scotch  that  accompanied  their  king,  made  a  grand appearance.  When  they  were  all  got  to  York,  thofe  who  came  with  the  king  of  Scots  were carefully  lodged  together  in  one  ftreet. But  it  happened  that  fome  of  the  Englijh  noblemens  fervants,  which  were  called  mar- ffials,  whillfc  they  were  providing  lodgings  for  their  mailers,  fell  out  about  them  ;  and  firft fought  it  at  fills,  then  with  clubs,  and  laftly  with  fwords.  In  which  fray  feveral  were  »rie- voiidy  wounded  and  one  flain  outright.  The  officers  which  the  king  of  England  had  with him,  who  were  grave  and  modeft  men,  fo  beftirred  themfelves  that  they  appealed  this  tu¬ mult,  and  made  peace  both  amongft  the  fervants  and  their  mailers.  The  archbiffiop’s  offi¬ cers  alfo,  left  the  fcarcity  of  lodgings  fhould  occafion  any  more  fuch  bickerings,  took  care to  fettle  every  man  according  to  his  quality  in  as  good  a  manner  as  the  hurry  would  permit On  Chrijlmas  day  Henry  conferred  the  honour  of  knighthood  on  Alexander  the  Scotch  kimr, and  twenty  other  young  noblemen  of  his  retinue.  He  arrayed  them  all  in  moil  fumptuous and  elegant  habits  Suitable  to  the  occafion.  On  the  next  day  the  king  of  Scots  was  married to  the  daughter  of  the  king  of  England  by  the  archbiffiop  in  the  cathedral ;  but  to  prevent the  ill  confequence  which  might  happen  from  fuch  multitudes  preffing  to  fee  the  folemnity, the  ceremony  was  fecretly  and  unexpectedly,  done  very  early  in  the  morning.  Here  was inch  a  mixture  of  nations  fuch  crouds  of  Englijh ,  French  and  Scotch  nobility,  fuch  an  incre¬ dible  number  of  officers  of  war  drelfed  in  effeminate  habits,  priding  themfelves  in  filk  and lattin  ornaments,  that  if,  adds  the  old  monk,  I  fhould  deferibe  to  the  full  the  wanton  va¬ nities  of  the  age,  it  would  occafion  a  wearinefs,  as  well  as  admiration,  in  the  ears  of  the auditors.  More  than  one  thoufand  military  commanders  (l)  qucilltlj,  vulgarly  fpeaking, 1  lad  in  filk  veftures  appeared  at  the  nuptials  on  the  part  of  the  king  of  England  ;  and  the next  day  throwing  them  by,  attended  in  quite  new  attire.  The  king  of  Scots  was  waited upon  by  fixty  knights,  and  a  great  number  of  gentlemen,  richly  habited  and  adorned ; which  made  a  moll  gallant  appearance. At  this  meeting  the  king  of  Scotland  did  homage  to  the  king  of  England  for  fome  lands he  held  of  him  in  Lothian.  But  when  king  Henry  urged  him  to  do  the  fame  for  the  whole realm  of  Scotland,  as  feveral  of  the  Scotlijh  king’s'  predeceffors  had  done  to  Henry's,  Alexan¬ der  an  fwered,  that  he  came  thither  ■peaceably  to  do  honour  to  the  king  of  England,  and  by  his  con¬ tent  to  marry  his  daughter,  in  order  to  knit  a Jtronger  friendjhip  between  them.  That  he' could  not aufwer  fitch  a  difficult  quejlion,  which  he  had  not  befides  conjulted  his  peers  and  counfellors  about. Henry  when  he  heard  this  prudent  reply  of  the  young  monarch’s,  whatever  might  be  his real  fentiments,  difiembled  lo  lar,  as  not  to  obftruft  or  darken  the  glory  of  this  great  fefti¬ val  by  any  more  dilcourfe  about  it. The  earl  marffial  of  England,  according  to  an  ancient  cuftom,  demanded  the  king  of Scotland  s  palfry  as  his  fee  for  his  knighthood.  But  he  was  alfo  anfwcred,  that  the  king  of Scotland  woind  not  fuffer  fuch  an  exaction  ;  for  that  if  he  had  liked  it,  he  might  have  had  that M  Hitt’s  vejlitu  ferico,  ut  vulgar  iter  loquamur,  cointifcs. Sane  cointife  Gallis  eft  elegant ia ,  Coint,  nitidus,  iff  nos queint  eadem  Jignifcationt  retinemus.  GlolT.  in  hilt. M.  P. boracum,  cum  mu/tis  tejlibus.  A.  1 242.  U\ (tier's  Feeder  a. Tom.  I.  p.  400. (1 )  M.  Paris. \k)  M.  Paris. (/)  Cointife.  M.  P.  rendered  queintly  in  the  gloflary. honour 99 Chap.  IV.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. honour  from  fome  other  prince ,  or  one  of  his  own  nobility  ;  but  out  of  refpecl  and  rcverenu  to  fo areal  a  kin g  as  his  neighbour  and  father  in  law  was ,  he  rather  chofe  to  have  it  from  his  hands  than any  other.  Thus,  fays  Paris *  by  Henry's  commands  all  other  controverfies  ceafed.  An  m- ftance  of  this  young  king’s  humanity  and  good  nature  is  alfo  apparent  by  this;  being  in¬ formed  that  the  lord  hovel  had  beenexpell’d  the  court  for  bribery,  he  was  foliated  to  re- inftate  him  in  the  king’s  favour.  He  took  a  fit  opportunity  and  fell  down  on  his  knees  be¬ fore  Henry ,  and  would  not  be  perfuaded  to  rife  till  the  king  had  promifed  to  grant  him  his requeft.  This  was  to  pardon  hovel ,  which  was  done,  and  he  was  afterwards  made  lord  trea- The  two  kings  fpent  the  Chrijlmas  jovially ;  in  which,  adds  Matthew,  if  I  was  fully  to explain  the  great  abundance  and  diverfity  of  victuals,  the  various  changes  of  rich  attire,  the mirth  and  jollity  of  the  guefts,  with  the  quantity  of  ftrong  liquor  they  drank,  thofe  that were  not  eye-witneffes  would  never  credit  the  recital.  To  give  one  inftance  as  an  example for  all;  the  archbifhop  himfelf  fpent  upon  his  royal  guefts  and  their  company,  at  one  en¬ tertainment,  and  at  the  firft  courfe,  fixty  fat  oxen.  Sometimes  they  eat  with,  him,  and  at other  times  with  king  Henry  ;  and  whatever  this  tranfitory  world  could  aftord  was  exhibited in  o-reat  abundance.  The  archbifhop,  like  a  northern  prince,  fhewed  the  greateft  holpita- lity5  to  all.  He  entertained  the  whole  company  feveral  times,  and  in  all  cafes  of  nectmty lent  his  helping  hand  for  their  better  accommodation ;  as  in  the  care  of  the  ftrangers  lodg¬ ings,  providing  provender  and  pafturage  for  their  horfes ;  in  fuel  for  fires,  and  guts  of money  he  fatisfied  all  their  wants  ;  infomuch  that  this  meeting,  for  his  mailer  s  honour, coil  him  four  thoufand  marks.  Which  was  all  fown,  adds  the  monk,  on  a  barren  foi  ,  and never  rofe  to  his  profit:  It  did  however  this  fervice,  that  by  this  magnificence  he  added  to his  ufual  character,  and  flopped  the  mouths  of  ail  invidious  flanderers. The  nuptial  folemnities  ended,  with  the  entertainments,  the  king  of  Scotland,  begged  leave to  depart  into  his  own  kingdom  with  his  beautiful  bride.  On  whom  waited  fir  Kobe ,  l  For  - rice  knight,  Marfhal  of  the  king’s  houfe,  fir  Stephen  Baufan ,  as  alfo  the  lady  maud ,  wi¬ dow  of  lord  William  Cantalupe-,  with  feveral  others. I  ihall  now  proceed  from  this  marriage  to  the  reft  of  the  memorable  events  that  have  hap¬ pened  in  our  city  ;  fubjoining  for  the  reader’s  better  information,  and  for  the  connection  or the  fa<5ls,  that  the  fudden  deaths  of  this  young  king  and  queen  of  Scotland ,  with  thofe  of  a fon  and  daughter,  their  whole  ftock  of  children,  follow’d  fo  quick,  as  to  make  a  continua¬ tion  of  mourning,  fays  Buchanan,  in  that  kingdom.  And  reafon  enough  for  it  ;  the  royal line  failing  by  this  mortality,  opened  a  door  for  fo  many  titles  to  enter  and  make  their claim,  as  tore  the  whole  nation  to  pieces.  In  the  competition,  Baliol  and  Bruce  were  the moll  remarkable  claimants ;  the  Englifh  kings  knew  how  to  make  their  advantage  ot  this divifion,  and  did  not  a  little  foment  the  difturbance,  by  fiding  with  each  of  thele  rivals, for  lovereignty,  as  they  faw  occafion.  The  war  was  bloody  on  all  fides,  during  the  reigns of  the  three  Edwards  of  England ,  and  brings  our  city  much  in  queftion  in  the  continuance ; and  fince  nothing  remarkable  is  met  with  on  the  civil  affairs  of  the  city,  during  the  reft  of Henry  the  third’s  reign,  I  come  next  to  give  an  account  of  what  happened  in  the  time  ot  his ever  famous  fon  and  fucceffor. After  Eafter  king  Edward  going  into  Scotland  {laid  fome  time  at  York,  where  the  famous  MCCXCI. welchman  Rice  ap  Meredith ,  before  taken  in  Wales ,  was  brought,  tried  for  high  treafon  and condemned,  (m)  He  was  drawn  through  the  city  to  the  gallows,  and  there  hanged  and quartered.  , .  .  .  , An.  1 298.  Edward  I.  fummoned  a  parliament  to  meet  at  York  (n)  ;  and  in  an  efpecial  manner  MCCXCVIIi required  his  mutinous  barons  to  attend  it  on  the  day  after  St.  Hilary ,  without  excufe  or  de¬ lay  ;  accounting  them  rebels  that  difobeyed.  Accordingly  came  at  the  fummons  the  earls of  Warren  and  Glouceflcr-,  the  tzar]?,  Marfhal,  Hereford  and  Antndele ;  Guy  fon  to  the  earl  or Warwick ,  in  his  father’s  room.  Of  barons,  the  lord  Henry  Pier cy,  the  lord  John the  lord  Segrave ,  with  many  more  nobles  too  tedious  to  mention.  Thefe  being  adlembled, the  king’s  confirmation  of  Magna  Cbarta  and  Chart  a  de  Forefla  were  read.  After  W^1C^ the  bilhop  of  Carlife ,  in  ponlifealibus ,  pronounced  a  heavy  curfe  againft  all  thofe  that  went about  to  break  the  fame.  And  becaufe  the  Scottifh  lords  appeared  not,  according  to  fum¬ mons,  it  was  agreed  that  the  whole  Englifh  army  fhould  rendezvous  at  York  in  April  follow¬ ing  •,  and  a  general  mufter  to  be  then  and  there  taken  of  it.  At  this  parliament  the  com¬ mons  of  the  realm  granted  the  king  the  ninth  penny  of  their  goods  (0)  ;  the  archbifhop  of Canterbury ,  with  the  clergy  of  his  province,  the  tenth  penny,  and  the  archbifhop  of  lork and  his  clergy  a  fifth.  .  ,  .  ,  r  „  •  ,  „ It  was  now  that  a  flame  broke  out,  which  burnt  with  violence  for  near  a  century  m  tne continuance  of  thefe  Scottifh  wars.  According  to  the  laft  fummons, .  the  army  under  the command  of  the  earl  of  Surrey ,  whom  the  king  had  made  general  in  his  abfence,  met  at York.  The  Scotch  lords  not  yet  coming  in,  though  they  were  again  fummoned  to  do  it, the  army  march’d  on  to  Newcaflle ,  from  thence  to  Roxburgh ,  which  the  Scots  had  beliege  * King  Edward  having  finifhed  his  bufinefs  in  Flanders ,  haftened  ov?r  to  England,  and  re- («)  StOiUi. [n)  Speed. {0)  Daniel. S moved IOO  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. moved  the  courts  of  juftice  to  York.  Here  he  fummoned  another  parliament  as  a  I  fo  the Scotch  nobility  to  meet  at  it ;  which  they  cot  obeying,  heiffuedout  his  commiffion  of  array ordering  all  his  fubjefts  to  meet  him  in  arms  at  Roxburgh  on  St.  John  haftift  day  next  en¬ ding,  which  they  accordingly  did.  What  followed  was  the  battle  of  Fmkirk ,  a  fatal  day A.  to  the  Scotch ;  and  which  occafioned  foon  after  the  conqueft  of  the  whole  kingdom  { p)  ’ MCCXCIX.  The  king  held  another  parliament  at  York,  A.  1299.’  From  whence  he  proceeded  as  foon MCCCVI  aS  the  rpnns  W0uld  S've  him  ieave  t0  Purfue  his  lal*  vicToty  in  Scotland  q\. ■  III  the  year  1306,  after  the  total  reduaion  of  Nortb-Britam,  king  Edward  came  to w^re  'ie  i'ome  time,  and  from  thence  went  to  London.  The  courts  of  kind’s- bench  and  exchequer,  after  they  had  continued  feven  years  in  this  city,  were  now  removed back  again.  1  hefe  courts  of  juftice,  lays  an  hiflorian  (r),  were  brought  from  London  to cork,  that  the  king  and  his  council  might  be  near  one  another  and  Scotland ,  to  provide  bet- A  ter  for  the  conqueft  or  defence  of  that  kingdom  (s'). MCCCVII.  .  Abmo  1 3P7,  being  the  laft  of  the  life  of  this  great  king,  he  ended  his  days  in  the  midft  of his  conquefts  at  Burgh  upon  Sands  in  Northumberland ,  and  was  buried  at  IVeflminfler.  He was  fucceeded  by  his  fon Edward.  II,  in  whofe  time  affairs  took  a  different  turn.  For  this  king  having  nothino- ol  the  fpirit  or  conduct  of  his  father,  either  at  the  council  board  or  in  the  field,  buffered not  only  all  Scotland  to  be  regained  from  him,  but  likewifehad  the  mortification  to  fee  a A.  Scotch  army  brave  him  in  his  own  dominions  as  far  as  York. MCXCXI.  In  the  fourth  year  of  his  reign  he  kept  his  Chrijlmas  at  York ;  where  Piers  Gavejlon  and his  followers,  who  had  been  banifhed  from  him  by  his  father,  came  to  him  and  was  re¬ ceived,  fays  my  author,  as  a  gift  from  heaven  (/).  As  if  he  forefnv  an  invafion,  he  now caufed  the  walls  of  the  city  to  be  ftrongly  fortified,  and  put  in  a  pofture  of  defence;  which A.  proved  very  neceffary  to  be  done. MCCCX1V.  In  the  eighth  year  of  his  reign  after  the  fatal  battle  of  Bannockburn,  in  which  the  Scotch hiftorians  (u)  fay  we  loft  fifty  thoufand  men  (lain  upon  the  fpot,  the  kinghimfelf,  narrowly efcaping,  fled  to  York  ;  not  thinking  himfelf  fife  till  he  got  thither.  Here  he  called  a  great council  of  the  Englijh  nobles,  that  were  fpared  from  Slaughter,  to  confult  what  methods he  might  take  to  reftore  his  fluttered  army,  and  revenge  himfelf  on  Role/ 1  Bruce.  But they  could  not  find  any  expedient  for  it  at  that  time,  nor  of  fome  years  after  did  they  ftir ^  notwithftanding  the  many  provocations  the  Scotch  gave  them. MCCC.XIX.  Kin§  Edward  being  informed  that  Robert  king  of  Scotland  was  gone  into  Ireland ,  and cairied  over  with  him  the  flower  of  his  army,  thought  this  a  fit  opportunity  to  revenue  his former  Ioffes  (x).  Accordingly  he  came  down  to  York  in  order  to  raife  an  army,  but  found that  city  and  country  fo  thinly  flocked  with  inhabitants,  that  he  was  obliged  to  draw  from the  fouthern  and  weftern  parts  of  the  kingdom  to  compleat  his  forces. „  October  15,  the  fame  year,  the  clerks  of  the  exchequer,  by  the  king’s  order,  fet  out  for York,  with  the  book  called  Loomfday,  and  other  records;  which,  with  provifion,  laded twenty  one  carts  (y).  The  judges  of  the  king’s-bench  came  alfo,  and  fat  and  did  bufinefs in  that  city  for  the  fpace  of  fix  months  ( z ). Edward  having  gotten  together  an  army,  fet  out  from  York  to  befiege  Berwick ,  but  he was  fcarcely  got  thither  (a)  when  Thomas  Randolph  earl  of  Murray ,  the  Scotch  general, paffed  the  river  Solway,  and  marched  another  way  into  England-,  where  he  wafted  all  with fire  and  fword  till  he  came  to  the  very  gates  of  York  ;  and  had  like  to  have  taken  the  queen before  fhe  could  get  into  the  city  (b).  The  city  however  he  did  not  attempt  to  befiege, but  burnt  and  deftroyed  the  fuburbs,  which  done  he  drew  off  his  men  and  marched  back towards  his  own  country  (c). 1  he  (d)  archbifhop  of  York,  a  reverend  grave  old  divine,  but  a  young  foldier,  more  for the  indignity  of' die  affront,  fays  the  Scotch  hiflorian  ( e ),  than  any  hopes  of  fuccefs,  took VP  arms,  and  aflembled  fuch  forces  as  he  could  raife ;  compofed  of  clergymen,  monks,  canons and  other  fpiritual  men  of  the  church  ;  with  a  confufed  heap  of  hufbandmen,  labourers artificers,  tradefmen,  in  all  to  the  number  of  ten  thoufand.  Thefe  able  foldiers  had  as  ex¬ perienced  commanders,  the  archbifhop  and  bilhop  of  Ely,  lord-chancellor,  being  the  leaders of  thefe  warlike  troops;  much -fitter  to  pray  for  the  fuccefs  of  a  battle  than  to  fight  it  (f). This  formidable  army,  breathing  nothingbiit  revenge,  followed  the  Scotch,  but°they  did not  follow  the  proverb,  to  build  a  bridge  for  a  flying  enemy,  and  overtook  them  at  Myton  up¬ on  Swale,  about  eleven  miles  from  York.  The.  Scotch  army  finding  themfelves  purfued, drew  upon  the  other  fide  of  the  river  in  baftallia.  Then  they  fet  fire  to  fome  hay-flacks ( P)  There  were  /lain  at  this  battle  of  the  Scotch  twenty thoufand.  N.  Trivet.  Forty  thoufand ,  M.  Weft.  Thir¬ ty  thoufand,  Knighton.  Sixty  thoufand,  T.  Wykes. (q)  Knighton. (  r  )  Chron.  T.  Wykes, ( J )  Maddox,  in  his  book  of  the  exchequer,  gives  the records  of  this  matter,  p.  553.  They  were  kept  in  the culHe  of  York-  Ry  ley's  f  tacit  a  farl.  225. (  t  )  Stow. ( u)  Buchanan. (x)  Ibid. \y )  Sto-.u. f  z)  The  precepts  for  this  removal  of  the  courts  is  in Ry/ey.  p.  564.  dated  Etor.  28  Mail  anno  rcg.  12. (a)  Buchanan. (  l>)  Daniel. ( c )  Wttljingham. (  d )  Will,  de  Melton. (e)  Buchanan. [/)  Hoi  ling fl-cd. which io  r Chap.  IV.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. which  were  upon  the  place;  the  fmoak-  of  which  driving  with  a  brifk  wind  in  the  faces  of  the Engl'fh,  ,is;they  paffed  the  river,  fo  blinded  them  that  they  could  not  fee  the  enemy  who came  down  in  good  order  upon  them,  and  without  any  great  refinance  entirely  routed them.  There  were  11  .in  and  drowned  of  the  Englifb  above  two  thouflnd,  home  lay,  four thouland,  the  reft  with  their  generals  made  great  liafte  back  to  the  city.  In  this  conflict fell  Nicholas  Flemming,  then  mayor  of  York,  who  had  headed  up  his  citizens  to  the  battle  ; there  were  taken  prifoners  Sir  John  de  Pabeham ,  Knt.  lord  William  Ayrmine ,  and  feveral others.  Here  was  fuch  a  fall  of  the  priefthood,  that  the  Englifb,  lays  Buchanan ,  called  this fight,  for  a  long  time  after,  the  white  battle. This  battle  was  fought  Oklober  12,  1219.  The  archbifhop  had  bufinefs  enough  to  fill  up vacancies  in  the  church  at  his  return.  But  in  an  cfpecial  manner,  he  Ihewed  his  gratitude to  the  mayor,  his  body  was  honourably  buried  in  the  parilh  church  of  S.  Wilfrid ,  and  an indulgence  granted  of  forty  days  relaxation  of  fin  to  all  parilhioners  thereof  (g),  who  be¬ ing  truly  contrite,  penitent  and  confelfed,  fhould  fay  for  his  foul  the  lord’s  prayer,  and  the lalutadon  of  the  bleffed  virgin.  For  him  all'o  in  the  fame  church  was  a  chauntry  found¬ ed  (g). King  Edward  hearing  of  this  overthrow,  as  he  lay  before  Berwick ,  raifed  the  fiege  and retired  to  York. Whatever  were  the  misfortunes  in  the  reign  of  this  king,  they  were  chiefly  owing  to  the civil  diflenfinns  in  England,  betwixt  this  Edward  and  his  uncle  I  homes  carl  of  Lancafier ,  with other  great  lords  of  the  realm  ;  which  gave  the  Scotch  fuch  extraordinary  advantage  over  the Englifh  at  that  time.  For  had  this  king  been  followed  with  the  fame  zeal  his  lather  was, he  might  not  only  have  Hemmed  the  tide,  but,  perhaps,  have  had  it  in  his  power  to  have turned  it  againft  his  foreign  enemies  (b).  We  mull;  allow  this  to  be  a  reafon  fufficient  to  ac¬ count  for  moil  or  all  of  his  mifearriages,  as  thofe  who  will  confult  tiie  hiftory  of  thofe times  may  find.  After  various  difputes  and  feveral  bloudy  battles  betwixt  the  king  and  his  A. barons,  he  at  length  entirely  fubdued  them.  For  at  the  battle  of  Bumugh-bridge,  ThomashlCCCXXl. earl  of  Lancafier  was  taken  prifoner  by  Andrew  de  Harclay ;  Humphrey  'de  Bohun  earl  of Hereford  (lain,  and  their  whole  army  cut  in  pieces.  With  the  earl  was  taken  many  more barons  who  were  all  brought  to  Turk  to  the  king.  The  barons  were  tried  by  judges  ap¬ pointed  for  that  purpofe,  condemned  and  fentenccd  to  be  hanged  and  quartered  ;  and  by the  mitigation  of  the  Spencers,  lays  Knighton ,  the  fentence  was  executed  upon  feveral  of  them in  different  parts  of  the  kingdom.  John  lord  Clifford,  Roger  lord  Moubraye,  Sir  Joccline D’eivill  fullered  at  York.  The  earl  of  Lancafier,  out  of  regard  to  his  blood  and  near  al¬ liance  to  the  king,  wasfentenced  to  be  beheaded  ;  which  was  executed  upon  him  before  his own  caftle  at  Pontfrele.  Andrew  de  Harclay  for  this  great  piece  of  fervice  was  made  earl of  Cnrlijle ;  but  he  did  not  enjoy  his  new  dignity  long,  for  hatching  an  invaflon  with  the Scotch,  he  was  i'eiztd  at  Carlifle,  tried,  condemned  and  executed  ;  and  one  of  his  quarters placed  upon  the  bridge  at  Fork  (if. The  next  year,  about  afeenfion-day,  king  Edward  called  another  (kf  parliament  at  York-  rr-xxrt wherein  he  exerted  the  regal  power  to  fome  purpofe.  The  whole  decree  which  had  been^ palled  at  London  againft  his  favourites  the  Spencers  was  thoroughly  examined  and  entirely difani, ailed,  and  the  Spencers  reftored  toall  their  lands  and  offices.  The  lord  Hugh  Spencer the  father,  was  made  earl  of  Winchejter-,  the  lord  Andrew  Harclay,  as  I  mentioned  before, earl  of  Carlifle.  In  this  parliament  was  alfo  difinherited  all  that  had  bore  arms  againft  the king,  and  fided  with  the  barons.  Here  alfo  the  king  made  Robert  Baldock ,  a  man  very  ill beloved,  lord  chancellor ;  and  laftly  the  king’s  eldeft  Ion  Edward  was,  with  great  folemni- ty,  made  prince  of  Wales  and  duke  of  Aquitain.  At  this  parliament,  the  king  caufed  all the  ordinances  made  by  the  barons,  to  be  examined  by  men  (killed  in  the  laws  ;  and  fuch  as were  thought  neceffary  to  be  eftablilhed,  he  commanded  lhould  be  called  ffatufCB  A  oreat lubiidy  was  now  granted  to  the  king  by  the  temporality  ;  and  the  clergy  of  the  province of  Canterbury  gave  five  pence  out  of  every  mark  ;  thofe  of  this  province  four  pence .  W  “,h  thls  luPP'y  Edward  raifed  fo  great  an  army,  that  he  thought  nothing  could  refit! it,  and  marched  into  Scotland.  But  his  ill-fortune  ftill  purfued  him,  for  meeting  with  no forage  to  tupport  his  troops,  which  had  been  purpofely  deftroyed,  he  was  obliged  to  retire into  England.  Robert  the  Scotch  king,  perceiving  this,  watched  his  motions  fo  narrowly that  lie  furpnzed  him  at  dinner,  fome  lay,  in  Byland  abby,  about  fourteen  miles  from  York and  foiling  upon  his  forces  unawares,  they  were  eafily  routed  and  put  to  flight  (m  '  The Scots  took  feveral  prifoners,  among!!  whom  was  John  earl  of  Richmond,  and  the  kin<r  him- ielf  narrowly  efcaped,  by  the  goodnefs  of  his  horfe,  to  the  city  of  York. Here  he  ftaid  fome  months,  kept  his  Chrflmas,  and  diverted  the  chagrin  his  lalt  over¬ throw  had  given  him  by  all  the  amufements  he  could  compafs. (f)  Mr.  Tom. (if  )  See  S.  Wilfrid  in  Blakejlreet. (  b )  Ho/linjbed. ( i)  Dug.  Bar. (  ^ )  An  adl  of  (late  is  in  Boeder  a  with  this  title,  de parliament!)  nuper  apud  Ripon  fummonito,  apud  Ebor. tenend.  tcjle  rege  apud  Ebor.  4  die  Novembru  1322. (/)  Speed. ( m )  Buchanan. D  d In ioi  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. In  ftiort,  the  whole  life  of  this  unfortunate  prince  wasalmoft  a  continued  feriesofill  ac¬ cidents-,  yet  he  was  a  prince,  fays  Daniel ,  rather  weak  than  wicked,  and  whatever  exor¬ bitances  he  might  commit,  he  was  out-done  by  his  people,  adds  he,  in  the  rough  and  fcan- dalous  ulage  he  received  from  them  moftof  his  reign.  And  being  at  laft  depofed  by  his queen  and  fon,  he  was  barbaroufly  murdered  in  his  imprii'onmeut  in  Berkly-cafle.  "Which is  one  inftance  of  king  Charles  I.  remarkable  annotation,  that  there  is  butafmalijlep  betwixt A  the  prifons  and  graves  of  princes. mcccxxvii.  Edward  III.  was  crowned  king  of  England  at  fourteen  years  of  age.  In  the  very  firft year  of  his  reign  the  Scots  entered  England  with  two  powerful  armies,  under  the  conduce of  two  famous  generals  Thomas  Randolph  and  James  Douglafs-.  Theft  were  fent,  lays  Bu¬ chanan. ,  with  twenty  thoufand  gallant  light  horfe,  but  no  foot,  by  king  Robert ,  and  pene¬ trated  as  tar  as  Stanhope-park  in  Wiredale.  This,  when  the  young  king  was  apprlfed  of, he  ordered  a  general  rendezvous  of  the  whole  army  at  York  -,  in  order  to  put  a  flop  ro  thefe bold  invaders.  The  Scotch  had  then  fo  mean  an  opinion  of  the  Englijh  valour,  occafioned by  their  many  victories  in  the  laft  reign,  that  they  derided  them  in  the  mofl  fcurrilous  man¬ ner;  and  got  this  diftich  put  up  over  the  church-door  of  St.  Peter’s ,  oppofite  to gatCj  fays  my  author,  in  York ,  when  the  king  was  in  the  city  (#). Hlong  bcaros  barflefs,  painten  boens  Untlefe, Cap  coats  gracclcfs,  makes  England  tljnftlcfs. This  taunt  was  thrown  at  the  Englijh  in  thofe  days,  fay  our  hiftorians,  as  well  upon  ac¬ count  of  their  pufillanimity,  as  their  drefs  and  length  of  beard;  but  it  was  not  long  be¬ fore  thefe  deriders  of  Englijh  manhood  were  called  to  fo  ftridl  an  account,  that  the  fmart  of it  was  felt  for  fome  ages  after.  And  even  yet  the  name  oi  Edward  III.  as  well  as  the  frjt , founds  dreadful  in  the  ears  of  a  Scotchman. Whilft  the  king  lay  at  York ,  preparing  for  this  expedition  againft  the  Scotch ,  there  came to  his  aid  John  lord  Beaumont  of  Hainault,  laid  to  be  one  of  the  moft gallant  knights  then  in the  world.  Froifart  has  given  us  the  names  of  divers  other  knights  and  commanders  that  ac¬ companied  this  lord,  which,  with  his  own  retinue,  made  up  five  hundred  men.  Knighton fays,  the  number  of  all  the  foreigners,  that  came  to  gain  honour  under  this  hopeful  young king,  amounted  to  two  thoufand.  The  king  afiigned  lodgings  to  moft  of  thefe  ftrangers in  the  fuburbs ;  but  to  lord  John  himfelf  (0)  he  allotted  an  abby  of  white  monks  in  the  city for  the  refidence  of  him  and  his  attendants.  The  king  with  the  queen-mother  lodged  in the  (p)  monajlery  belonging  to  th  t  fryers  minors ,  which  mil  ft  have  been  a  ftately  building  in thofe  days,  for,  we  are  told,  they  each  kept  court  apart  in  it.  The  king’s  was  very  mag¬ nificent  in  order  to  do  honour  to  the  ftrangers;  and  fuch  care  was  taken  that  provilions  of all  kinds  was  both  plentiful  and  cheap.  The  city  and  country,  lays  my  authority,  were rich  and  flourifhed  in  abundance.  For  full  fix  weeks  did  the  king  lie  here  with  an  army  of fixty  thoufand  men  about  him,  yet  all  that  time  the  price  of  provifions  was  nothing  railed, but  every  thing  was  fold  as  reafonable,  as  it  was  before.  There  was  plenty  of  Rhenijhy  Gaf- coign  and  Anjovan  wines,  fays  my  author  with  pullein,  wild  fowl,  and  other  provifion, of  that  kind,  at  moderate  rates.  Hay,  oats,  &c.  were  daily  brought  to  the  ftrangers  lodg¬ ings  for  their  ufe ;  fo  that  they  had  great  reafon  to  be  well  latisfied  with  their  enter¬ tainment. But  this  profperity  had  liked  to  have  proved  very  fatal  to  them ;  for  prefuming  much on  the  king’s  favour  and  proteftion,  they  carried  themfelves  with  all  imaginable  haughti- nefs  towards  his  fubjedts.  The  Englijh  refented  this  ulage,  as  they  ought,  and  a  conten¬ tion  begun  which  ended  not  without  much  blood-fhed  on  both  fides. On  trinity  funday,  the  king,  for  the  fake  of  thefe  ftrange  lords,  held  a  folemn  and  mag¬ nificent  feaft  at  the  friary  aforefaid  if).  To  his  ufual  attendance  of  five  hundred  knights, he  then  added  fifty  more  ;  and  the  queen,  his  mother,  had  in  her  retinue  fixty  ladies  of the  greateft  rank  and  beauty  in  the  kingdom.  There  was  that  day,  fays  my  author,  a moft  fplendid  entertainment,  and  a  truly  royal  ftiew  of  whatever  was  choice  and  excellent. At  night  there  was  a  moft  gallant  ball ;  but  whilft  the  lords  and  ladies  were  in  the  midft of  their  diverfions,  a  ftrange  and  hideous  noife  interrupted  them,  and  alarmed  the  whole court.  It  feems  the  fervants  and  pages  of  thefe  foreign  auxiliaries,  had  by  their  info- lence  fo  exafperated  the  minds  of  fome  Englijh  archers  (s),  who  lodged  with  them  in the  fuburbs,  that  a  great  fray  began  amongft  them.  This  difeord,  once  iet  on  foot,  conti¬ nually  encreafed,  new  abettors  lucceftively  coming  in  on  each  fide  till  near  three  thoufand of  the  archers  being  gathered  together,  many  of  the  Hainaulters  were  fiain;  and  the reft  flying  were  fain  to  enter  their  lodgings  and  fortify  themfelves  as  well  as  they  could againft  the  fury  of  their  enemies.  Moft  part  of  the  knights  their  commanders  .were  at court;  but  on  the  firft  noife  of  the  fray  they  haftened  to  their  lodgings  to  defend  themfelves (n)  Hollinjhed.  Sec.  tor  fuppofes  to  be  wine  of  Aljace  fur  le  Rhine. (0)  Froifart.  jr)  Froifart. (p)  La  maifon  de  frera  tnineurs.  Froifart.  (  s  )  Knighton. \q)  Froifart  calls  it  Vin  d'AuJfoin  which  his  annota- and Chap.  IV.  of  the  CITY  of  Y ORK. and  their  people.  Some  part  of  the  city  was  fired  in  the  hurly  burly,  many  of  the  Hainaul- ters  were  fiain  and  more  hurt;  but  at  lail  by  the  authority  of  the  king,  and  earned:  endea¬ vours  of  the  queen  mother,  who  had  a  great  aft'edtion  for  the  foreigners,  the  archers  third:  of Wood  was  ftayed  and  the  quarel  ceafed  for  that  time  (/).  But  that  very  night  the  ftrangers, not  fo  much  thinking  of  deep  as  revenge,  being  now  headed  by  their  commanders,  arofe  pri¬ vately,  and  joining  together  let  upon  the  archers  of  Lincoln jhire  and  Northamptonjhire ,  for the  men  of  each  county  were  marfhalled  and  quartered  by  themfclves,  and  dew  three  hun¬ dred  of  them.  In  the  morning  they  certainly  had  paid  dear  for  this  defperate  atdion,  for  a body  of  fix  thou  find  Englijh  foldiers  had  combined  together  to  kill  them  every  man  either within  doors  or  without  as  tiie.y  could  come  at  them  ;  but  that  the  king  took  care  to  pro- te£l  his  foreigners,  by  letting  ltrong  guards  about  their  lodgings,  and  difplacing  the  archers from  their  former  quarters.  However  the  ftrangers  were  fo  uneafy  that  they  fcarce  durll deep  ;  but  kept  good  watch,  their  horfes  ready  laddled  and  their  arms  at  hand  for  a  month together  after  this;  fo  well  they  knew  it  behooved  them,  fays  JoJhua  Barnes  ( u ),  to  look about  them  after  fuch  an  egregious  affront  to  the  common  foldiery  of  England.  Ot  the Englijh  dain  in  this  conflict,  there  were  (x)  eighty  Lmcolnfhire  men  buried  under  one  ftone in  the  church-yard  belonging  to  the  now  demolidied  church  of  S.  Clement  in  Fojfgate. King  Edward  had  lain  at  York,  with  his  vaft  army,  for  three  weeks,  when  the  Scotch  am- balfadors  arrived  there  in  order  to  treat  of  peace.  And  when  in  three  weeks  more  no  terms of  accommodation  could  be  agreed  on  betwixt  the  two  contending  powers,  the  ambaffadors returned,  and  the  king  gave  command  that  in  a  week’s  time  every  man  fhould  be  ready  to march  againft  the  enemy.  That  fuch,  to  whom  the  care  was  committed,  fhould  find  and provide  carts,  waggons,  &c.  for  the  carriage  of  tents,  pavillions,  and  other  warlike  pre¬ parations  proper  for  the  expedition.  This  done,  at  the  day  appointed,  the  king  and  all  his barons  with  their  whole  army  began  their  march  from  York  ;  all  gallantly  armed  with  trum¬ pets*  founding,  and  banners  waving  in  the  wind.  J.  Barnes  has  collected  the  names  of  ma¬ ny  nobles  who  was  with  the  king  at  York ,  and  attended  him  in  this  expedition,  which  would be  too  tedious  for  me  to  mention.  But  I  cannot  omit  taking  notice,  that  the  foreign  troops, both  in  their  march,  and  in  their  quarters,  were  placed  immediately  next  the  king’s  own guards,  as  well  to  fecure  them  from  the  archers,  who  Hill  meditated  revenge,  as  to  do  them the  greater  honour;  and  let  the  whole  army  know  that  whoever  fought  their  damage  would at  the  fame  time  highly  trefpafs  upon  the  king  himfelf. In  the  Foedera  I  find  a  mandate  from  the  king  for  putting  the  city  of  York  into  a  pofture of  defence,  which  I  fhall  beg  leave  to  tranfiate  as  follows  : (y)  The  king  to  his  wel-beloved  the  mayor  and  baylijfs  of  his  city  of  York,  greeting. SINCE  the  Scotch,  our  enemies  and  rebels ,  have  thought  fit  to  enter  our  kingdom  in  an  ho- file  manner  near  Carlifle,  with  all  their  power,  as  we  are  certainly  informed ;  and  kill ,  burn , defiroy  and  alt  other  mifehiefs  as  far  as  they  arc  able.  We  have  drawn  down  our  army  in  or¬ der. ,  by  God’s  affiflance  to  refrain  their  malice ,  and  to  that  end  turn  ourfleps  towards  that  country and  tbofe  enemies. We ,  confdering  our  aforefaid  city  of  York,  efpecially  whilfl  I (bell  queen  of  England  our  ?nof dear  mother  >  our  brother  and  Jiifers  (z)  abide  in  the  fame,  to  be  more  fafely  kept  and  guarded-, leaf  any  fudden  danger  fro?n  our  enemy’s  approach  f could  happen  to  the  /aid  city  ;  or  fear  or fright  to  our  mother ,  brother  and  fifters ,  which  God  avert ,  for  want  of  fufficient  munition  and guard. We  flridtly  command  and  charge  you,  upon  your  faiths  and  allegiance ,  and  on  the  forfeiture  of every  thing  you  can  forfeit  to  us,  immediately  at  fight  of  thefe  prefents,  without  excufe  or  delay ,  to infpelt  and  overlook  all  your  walls,  ditches  and  towers,  and  the  ammunition  proper  for  the  defence of  the  faid  city  ;  taking  with  you  fuch  of  our  faithful  fervants  as  will  be  chofen  for  this  purpofe ;  and to  take  fuch  order  for  its  defence,  that  no  danger  can  happen  to  the  city  by  negleft  of  fuch  fafe- guards. And  we  by  thefe  prefents,  give  you  full  power  and  authority  to  di/train  and  compell  all  and  fin- gnlar  owners  of  boufes  or  rents  in  the  faid  city,  or  merchants  or  Jlrangers  inhabiting  the  fame,  by the  feizure  of  their  bodies  or  goods,  to  be  aiding  towards  the  fecurity  of  the  walls,  bulwarks  or  towers ; as  you  in  your  diferetion  Jhall  think  fit  to  ordain,  for  the  making  other  ufeful  and  neceffary  works about  it.  Fumfhing  all  thofe  that  are  found  to  contradict  or  rebel  againft  this  order  by  imprifonment, or  what  other  methods  you  think  fit. Study  therefore  to  ufe  fuch  diligence  in  the  execution  of  the  premijfes,  that  we  may  find  it  in  the  ef¬ fect  of  your  works ;  and  that  we  may  have  no  occajion  from  your  negligence,  fhould  danger  hap¬ pen,  to  take  fever e  notice  of  you. Dated  at  Durham ,  July  15,  A.  1327.  By  the  KING. ( t)  Froifart. («)  J.  Barnes's  Edw.  III. (v)  Cljc  ^enaunevs  auu  tljc  dEnglifbtuen  faute  b*» cljauncc  on  Crnutc  5>unHat'cat  S’ojU,  inhere  cigh= tt>  iUttcolnfrrirc  men  mere  Ccpne  anu  burtcB  unDcc a  (tone  in  &>.  Clement  cyirch  trofc  in  ^roffgatc* Leland  coll,  out  of  a  cbtonictuc  m  f->ctcr  col  lege  I IU tojarp. { y )  Rymer's  Foedera  fub  A.  1 3  27. (z)  Prince  John  of  Eltbam,  and  the  princefles  Joan and  Eleanor.  See  Speed's  chron. This 10+  'the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. This  fpeci.il  mandate  ftnfibly  fit  ws  that  the  king  and  his  counfel  were  in  great  fear  of  the fr  ;.  at  that  time;  lead  whikl  he  was  hunting  them. more  northward  they  iliould  flip  him ane  attempt  fomethiog  upon  diet,  as  they  had  done  in  the  former  reign.  I  Ihall  tollow Edward  no  (archer  in  this  expedition,  than  juft  to  hint  that  the  Scotch  army  was  at  length overtaken,  anti  being  cooped  up  bj  the  Euglijh  in  Stanhope  park  for  fifteen  days,  were  almoft famifh’d,  and  upon  the  point  of  iurrendring  ;  when,  by  the  treachery  of  lord  Mortimer  as is  fait!,  they  flipped  thioogh  Eiiwemts  fingci  ,  and  (hewed  that  they  were  really  what  Bt, chanan  calls  them,  light  horfemen ,  by  an  expeditious  march  into  their  own  country  The young  king,  fadly  chagrined  at  the  mining  his  prey,  when  it  was  already  n,  net  re- turned  back  to  Yorl:,  and  went  from  thence  to  London. Lord  John  of  Hainauit  was  bourn,  oufly  rewarded  by  the  king  notwithftandint  the  difap pointment,  .mu  honourably  Cent  b.ck  into  his  own  country.  Th  next  year  T  returned "ith  his  ni.ee  Philippa  daughter  to  W'i  :am  earl  of  Hamault  his  brother s  and  vhh  a  great retinue  conducted  her  to  1  ork ,  where  the  court  then  was,  in  order  fur  tier  marriage  with  the king  of  England  in  that  city. Be. on  I  enter  upon  a  defeription  of  the  ceremony  of  this  grand  affair,  it  will  be  neceffa ry  to  pr.  mile  lomewhat  relating  to  this  princefs,  who  is  fpoke  o.f  by  all  hillob  as  the moll  cekbi.1t.  .  beauty  ol  the  age  (he  lived  in.  Philippa  was  the  youngell  daughter  to 11  ilium  carl  ot  Hamault  and  Holland,  and  Jane  de  Valois  ;  fiie  was,  fays  J.  Barnes,  -a  mod beautiful  lova  ly  creature,  the  mirror  of  her  ex,  and  was  then  fcarce  tourtc en  years  old  l'jie perlons  lent  about  this  treaty  of  marriage  were  Dr.  Roger  Norilsk;  bifliop  of  Litchfield and  Coventry,  two  knights  bannerets,  and  two  other  gentlemen  learned  in  the  laws  Thefe perfons  had  commiffion  to  treat  with  the  earl,  and  chufe  a  wile  lor  ti.eir  king  out  of  his  live daughters.  The  amb.ilfado  s,  attended  with  an  honourable  equipage,  came  to  Valenciennes the  chief  city  ot  Hainauit ;  the  earl  William  aj  t  :  is  counters  received  them  very  gladly a.,d  enterai  ,’d  them  with  great  fplendour  and  magnificence.  Upon  a  lit  day’  the  earl brought  out  Ins  five  daugi.cers  before  them,  to  take  their  •  lice  of;  at  the  fight  of  Jo  much beauty  and  delicate  Shapes,  they  all  flood  amazed,  not  I  nowing  to  which  to  give  thc  pre fei\ nee.  Till  the  piercing  eye  of  the  bifhop,  lays  my  ..uthor,  obferving  with  .rood  heed tlie  lady  Philip- a  to  be  the  heft  limit  about  the  hips,  and  of  a  good  fanzine  complexion,  ,n>n-inr cc.ih  I  he  king’s-,  he  fccretly  advifed  his  colleagues  that  file  was  the  lady,  amongft  them  ill mold  likely  by  her  fwcet  .iifpofition,  to  pleafe  the  king  their  mailer,  and  alio  to  bring  i a  numerous  and  hopeful  progeny.  Tiffs- obfervation  in  a  bifliop,  fiysMr.Hearue(a)  w  fe order  was  noc  then  allowed  to  marry,  gave  occafion  of  much  mirth  to  the  reft  How,  ver the  judgment  prevailed,  and  madam  Philippa,  though  the  youngeft  of  the  ladies  was pitched  upon  tor  their  quien. This  ftory  of  the  penetrating  bilhop,  and  given  by  a  grave  divine,  I  thought  not  impro¬ per  to  introduce  the  following  marriage.  Nor  was  the  prelate  wrong  in  his  prolifick  notion ot  the  lady,  for  fhe  bore  king  Edward  feven  fons  and  three  daughters,  almoft  in  the  fpace of  as  many  years. ccexxvm.  The  king  kept  his  Chri/lmas  at  York,  A.  1328,  in  great  flate  and  magnificence*,  and  be- fore  the  folemnity  of  the  teftival  was  ended,  lord  John  of  Hainauit  arrived  with  his  beauti¬ ful  niece  and  a  very  numerous  attendance.  They  were  received  by  the  young  and  amorous king,  whofe  blood  had  been  fufficiently  fired  by  his  ambaffadors  defeription,  with  all  the pomp  and  ceremony  fo  great  a  monarch  could  pofiibly  fhew  on  this  extraordinary  occafion All  the  jufts,  tournaments,  triumphs,  plays  and  paftimes  then  in  ufe  were  exhibited,  in  or¬ der  to  teftify  his  joy,  and  do  the  greater  honour  to  his  charming  bride. On  the  twenty  fourth  of  January,  being  Sunday,  the  eve  of  St.  Paul’s  converfion  the marriage  was  publlckly  lolemnized  in  the  cathedral ;  at  which  folemnity  the  molt  reverend Dr.  JVilliam  Melton,  archbifhop  of  York,  and  the  right  reverend  Dr.  John  Hotbam ,  bilhop of  Ely ,  fang  the  mafs.  Upon  thefe  happy  nuptials  the  whole  kingdom  teemed  with  joy^ and  the  court  at  York  expreffed  it  in  a  more  than  ordinary  manner  ;  for  there  were  nothing lays  Froifart,  but  jufts  and  tournaments  in  the  day  time,  mafkings,  revels,  and  interludes with  fongs  and  dances  in  the  evenings ;  along  with  continual  fealting  for  three  weeks  toge¬ ther.  6 During  this  great  concourfe  at  York,  the  Hainaulters  Hill  bearing  malice  in  their  hearts, fet  fire  to  and  almoft  confumed  a  whole  parilh  in  the  fuburbs  of  the  city,  by  reafon  of  i difference  railed  betwixt  the  inhabitants  and  them.  The  caufe  was  no  mean  one,  for the  ft  rangers  had  made  bold  to  ravilh  feveral  of  the  others  wives,  daughters  and  maid  fer- vants.  The  fuburbians  fcandalized  at  fuch  outragious  proceedings  challenged  the  Hainaulters to  fight  them  and  a  feleft  company  of  each  well  armed,  one  Wednefday  before  fun-rifino- dormiente  tola  even  ate ,  fays  myaurhority  (b),  met  in  a  ftreet  called  OTaflingatC  and  fought  their quarrel  fairly  out.  In  this  conflift  were  (lain  and  drowned  in  the  river  Oufe  of  the  'Hainaul¬ ters  527,  befides  thofe  who  were  mortally  wounded  and  died  foon  after.  Of  the  Engli/h  fell likewife  242.  6  J (a)  Hearn's  gloflkry  to  Pm r  Lmgttft't  chronicle.  (  UUnas  coll. This IOJ Chap. IV.  of  the  CITY  o/YORK. 1  his  account  I  look  to  be  true,  notwithftanding  that  I  have  no  other  teftimony  than  the colleStanea  to  Support  it.  Theconteft  m  the  preceding  year  was  ftill  green  in  the^r  memo nes,  and  fuch  a  freft  provocation  would  eafily  ftir  up  a  refentment.  The  affair  miX  be fo  huffed  up,  out  of  re/pcft  to  the  queen’s  countrymen,  that  few  hiftorians  of  dm  -u,e could  come  to  the  knowledge  of  it,  and  there  is  no  circumftance  in  the  relation  which  can make  it  be  taken  for  the  tumult  before  mentioned.  It  is  certain  thefe  foreigners  behaved very  infolendy  and  iauc, ly  to  the  Englijh  at  both  times  of  their  coming  to  Yorf, which  our anuent  B,  itifi  fpirit  could  ill  bear,  without  endeavouring  to  retaliate  die  affront  The  for mer  conteft  ffews  a  juft  refentment  of  injuries  in  the  EngUJh  in  general  and  fe  latter  is  an KinlP^'  '  7r  P  7  CltlZcnS’  °f' the  fPirit  and  vaiour  *eir  anceftors. ,1  t? u  d  fu,nm°ned  a  parliament  to  meet  at  York.  Where  the  kina’s  fecial  affairs  A that  fliould  have  been  done  at  it,  were  fruftratcd  by  the  fquabbles  which  happened  betwixt  »ccci»u the  two  archbiffops  about  the  bearing  their  croffes  in  each  other’s  province  (d)  betwlxt''CCCXWI' The  king  m  h,s  march  to  Scotland  ftaid  and  kept  his  Cbriftmas  at  York.  From  thence  he  A ?et0urn^1o°tht’crXL;idanl  'f- ™S TO "Xi  adJufed  ™“rs  -id,  king  bZ,  h  -ccct„,v; fummoned  to  meet  here  on  the r hl°fcrBaTS  h?S  colle<a;ed  alf  the  ftatutes,  and  other  tranfaffions  done  and  agreed  to  at feffion  of  parliament,  which  lafted  from  the  date  above  to  May  15.  But  as  lam  careful not  to  fwell  my  fubjedt  with  what  is  unneceffary,  I  ffall  omit  them.  At  this  meeting of  hi king,  lords  and  commons  of  England,  John  Baliolkmg  of  Scotland was  to  have  donelarticu hr  homage  to  Edward  for  holding  that  kingdom  ;  but  his  affairs  were  then  at  fo  bw  an ebb  that  he  durft  not  trait  himfelf  for  fear  of  being  feized  by  the  Scotch  lords  in  the  jouTnev S°  pe  Pent  the  lords  Beaumont  and  Montacute  to  York,  to  excufe  him  to  Edward.  J During  the  wars  in  France  in  which  Edward,  and  his  ever  renowned  fon  the  black  trince wone  fuch  f.gna  vnftories,  David  Bruce ,  Baliol' s  competitor,  undertook  to  invade which  was  then  left  to  the  foie  governance  of  the  queen.  ZWmade  himfelf  fureof  conoueft and  refolved  to  deftroy  the  towns  and  countrey  with  fire  and  fword  till  lie  came  to Tod ■ and  Dar,°$: ^  f fuch  courage  and  conduct,  as  was  worthy  the  wife  and  mother  of  fuch  a  huZnd  and  on  Z fifteen  ff^kmXT  fTj ner  (h).  The  archbiffop  of  York,  WdlL  de  la  Lib,  commanded  die  faid  corps  of 'tt Enghjh  army,  and  behaved  very  gallantly  in  the  fight.  P  *  h Alter  the  battle  the  viftorious  queen  returned  to  York  with  o-reat  iov  and  rr;„m„i,  i, boon  after  king  David  was  delivered  to  her  by  John  Codande  fw ho  ffi  p ?h  ;  whel',e much  ceremony  (i).  The  queen  ftaid  in  the  cirv  till  Xlfdo  X  hT  Pnfonei'.>  with then,  leaving  Xlords  PeLy  and  L London  carrying  her  royal  prifoner  along  with  her  to  prefent  to  htr  huffand  f*!  retU  “ conlefeng  ^uTfnd? T  T*  °f  WWrCh  Were  of  war  * x;Xend  immunities  were  ^ us- onlf  memXMetr^l^troTffe  lornd  X  * But*  r0s Stow  and  Hollingjhead,  and  therefore  unneceffary  here.  ’  ‘  matterS  lnferted  at  large  111 rences*  winch”  had  ariftn^betw^xt'the^atchbiffop^^'the^ea^n  an^chap^b^n'd'the  mt^o^atKl* A. MCCCLXXXV. “  m  ccc xxxiXi {L  7  Bur  ms. (*•)  AH.  pub. (/)  J.  Burns. [g)  Froifart. \h)  Holltr.gjbtad ,  OSi. (/)  Holliugfbead. (i)  A.  1348.  began  a  great  mortality  in  the  city  of °rk,  which  continued  to  fpread  with  great  violence  from Zfrz  LfX* of  s- ,he  aponk'  ^ (/)  Speed. (m)  Knighton. Ee common- 10(5  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book I. commonality  of  the  city.  The  affair  was  of  great  confequence,  but  the  king  by  excellent management  perfectly  fettled  it  (n  ;  ;  and,  as  my  authority  (peaks,  was  fo  favourable  to  the citizens  as  to  tyrant  them  afmoft  all  they  defired  of  him.  It  was  at  this  time  that  our  own records  Speak  king  Ricb'ird  took  his  Sword  from  his  fide  and  gave  it  to  be  born  before  Wd- li,;m  lli  Selby  as  fir  ft  lord  mayor  of  York. A.  A.  1390.  A  contagious  diltemper  began  in  thefe  northern  parts,  and  fwept  out  of  71,  .1  in  a MCCCXC.  very  final  1  time  eleven  hundred  perfons  (0).  But  in  the  next  year  the  fame  kind  of  peftilence, I  luppole,  broke  out  with  greater  violence,  all  over  England,  and,  as  my  authorities  tefti- fy,  then;  died  in  tire  city  of  York  only,  eleven  thouf.md  in  a  (liort  fpace. .  'pj-ic  ; :  .  r  of  King’s-bcncb  and  Chancery  were  removed  from  London  to  York ,  at  the  infti- \ ;cocy,ci  1.  o-ation  hCYbomas  Arundel  then  archbifhop  of  York,  and  lord  chancellor  of  England.  This wa  :  d,-f  for  the  benefit  of  the  city,  but  they  did  only  remain  here  from  Midfummcr  to Cbriim  5  and  then  returned.  In  this  year  king  Richard  prefented  the  firft  mace  to  the  city to  be  born  before  the  lord  mayor  thereof.  And, 1  I,,  the  •  ieteenth  year  of  his  reign  he  appointed  two  fherifFs  inftead  of  three  bailiffs,  which ■d.LV.cvi  made  it  a  county  of  it  felf.  Which,  with  fcveral  privileges  and  large  immunities,  recited in  tire  charter  granted  by  this  king  to  the  city  and  citizens  of  York ,  prove  that  he  paid  an extraordinary  regard  to  it. Nor  were  the  inhabitants  unmindful  of  thefe  royal  conceffions  and  great  benefa&ions,  but took  the  firft  opportunity  to  teflify  their  loyalty  and  gratitude  to  Richard,  even  after  his depoiltion  and  murder.  This,  though  it  coft  them  dear,  yet,  deferves  a  perpetual  memo- 1-i.1l,  Li  i  rule  the  effort  they  made  proceeded  purely  from  the  principles  above. The  fubjetft  of  the  depofition  of  this  prince,  and  his  moll  execrable  murder,  is  a  theam lb  melancholy  that  I  am  glad  our  city,  and  confequently  my  pen,  has  nothing  to  do  with i,.  It  cannot  be  denied  by  a  reader  of  Engtifi  hiftory,  that  the  natives  of  this  illand  are prone  to  rebel,  fond  of  novelty  and  change,  and,  without  ever  confidering  the  confequence, 1  .  the  cry  that  is  fet  up,  and  purfue  it  with  eagemefs.  Thh  they  have  often  done  till tired,  out  of  breath,  and  loft  in  numberlefs  mazes  and  uncertainties,  they  begin  toconfider at  laid,  and  would  then  fain  tread  back  again  thofe  fteps  they  have  taken  ;  which  contrary motion,  is  always  attended  with  fo  much  danger  and  difficulty,  that  many  thoufands  have perilhed  in  the  attempt. Fucilis  defeenfus  Averni ; Setl  revocare  gradual,  Isle. A  Pot-  inftance,  Henry  the  fourth  having,  by  the  afliftance  of  his  friends,  the  male-contents MCCLXCIX.of  England,  depoled  his  lawful  fovereign,  mounted  his  throne,  and  imprifoned  him  in  Pont- e  caftle,  where  he  was,  foon  after,  molt  inhurnanly  put  to  death  -,  found  it  irkfome  to  owe ’]o  high  an  obligation  to  his  fubjefls.  And  they,  by  whofe  help  he  had  acquired  that  gran¬ deur,  had  fo  high  a  notion  of  their  fervices  in  this  affair,  that  if  he  had  ihared  his  crown and  crown-lands  amongft  them,  it  would  not  have  fatisfied  all  their  cravings.  Me  grew  un- L-.  iV  at  feting  lb  many  mouths  gaping  about  him  which  he  was  obliged  to  fill-,  and  they h -  aw  jealous  of  him  and  even  of  one  another.  Difcontents  from  hence  quickly  arofe  in thtir  minds,  which  were  for  fome  time  fmothered  and  kept  down  by  the  help  of  that  court virtue,  hypocrify;  but  at  laft  it  broke  out  with  all  the  fire  and  flame,  that  their  pent-up malice’ could  enforce.  Thefe  terrible,  inborn,  contentions  lafted  for  near  an  age  together, with  home  intermillion  ;  and  did  fo  weaken  and  (hatter  this  kingdom,  that  our  own  hiftori- ans  all  a‘>ree,  were  not  our  ancient  enemies  the  French  and  Scotch,  either  bufy  in  the  like work  themfelves,  or  careledy  fupine  at  home,  this  nation  muft  certainly  have  fallen  a  prey  to the  firft  invader.  I  (hall  enlarge  no  farther  about  the  battles  and  events,  which  this  firft  re¬ bellion  produced,  than  is  confident  with  my  defign  ;  nor  in  the  continuance  of  the  civil  war b  twixt  the  Louies  of  York  and  Lancajier,  will  I  ftep  out  of  my  bounds,  except  to  Yo-aiton, whole  bloody  and  ever  memorable  field,  called  by  fome  flojls  jfielD,  being  in  the  neighbour¬ hood  of  us,  deferves  a  very  particular  defeription. Henry  Party,  earl  of  Northumberland,  the  chief  inftrument  of  king  Henry’s  exaltation, MCCCCV  havin'1  loft  his  brother  and  fon  flain  at  the  battle  ol  Shrewjbury  (p)  -,  the  archbifhop  of  A'  k, Richard  Scroop,  whofe  brother  the  king  had  beheaded,  and  Thomas  MmAray  earl  marfhal, \vuo  had  likewife  loft  his  father,  who  died  an  exile  in  Venice,  all  mortal  enemies  to  Henry, confpired  his  ruin.  The  lords  Falconberge,  Bardolf,  Hajlings,  and  many  others  did  join  in this  confpiracy.  The  order  they  took  was  to  meet  all  at  a  time  and  at  an  appointed  place, which  was  York-,  and  the  earl  of  Northumberland  to  take  the  fupreme  command  of  their  uni¬ t'd  forces.  The  archbilhop’s  impatience  broke  the  neck  of  this  well  laid  defign,  for  being retired  from  court  to  his  fee,  together  with  the  earl  marfhal,  he  thought  to  facilitate  the  en- terprife  by  giving  the  caufe  a  fanftion  of  religious  juftice.  And  having  framed  fcveral  arti¬ cles  againft°he  king,  and  fent  copies  of  them  into  other  counties,  he  caufed  them  to  be (n)  C’tih'i  igit'tr  bujufmdi  cum  lucultnto  con  11  Ho  ad  pie-  {  )  Stowe.  HSMegp.cS. r.n'"i  re^tiliter  Jmfi,  reddidit  rex  civibus,  quafi  in  omai-  (p)  Biondi. bu;  :-otum  juum-  Knyghton. fixed 107 Chap. IV.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. fiMed  upon  the  church  doors  of  his  own  city  and  diocefe.  This  was  to  invite  the  people  to take  arms  in  order  to  reform  abufes  introduced  by  the  ill  management  of  the  prefent  go¬ vernment.  The  archbiihop  was  of  an  amiable  countenance,  of  great  learning  and  vir¬ tue,  and  having  till  this  prefent  lead  a  blamelefs  life  he  was  far  from  being  fufpefted  for  any evil  intentions  fo  that  when  he  was  pleafed  to  declare  his  mind  to  the  people  in  a  fer- mon  which  he  preached  to  them  in  his  cathedral,  full  twenty  thoufand  men  fuddenly  rofe and  came  to  Iris  itandard  at  York  which  ftandard  was  painted  with  the  five  wounds  of  our ouuiuur  {uj. This  diligence  was  unfeafonable  both  for  the  archbiihop  and  his  confederates^; ;  tor  Hen- yy,  by  this^mearis,  having  early  notice  of  their  intentions  had  levied  thirty  thoufand  fight¬ ing  men,  and  lent  them,  under  the  conduCt  of  the  earl  of  IVefimor  eland  {s ),  and  hisownfon jThn  ( !) ,  a  gain  ft  thefe  northern  malecontents.  At  their  coming  to  York  the  earl  found  the archbiihop  encamped  in  a  place  juft  out  of'the  city,  on  the  foreft  ol  <2nlltlT5,  fo  advantage- ouily,  that  he  did  not  think  fit  to  attack  him,  though  the  archbiihop  was  much  inferior  in forces  ;  but  encamped  his  army  right  over  againft  the  other.  And  now  the  earl  changing the  lion’s  Bern  for 'the -fox’s,  and  following  the  French  adage  a  defaut  de  la  force  il  faut  em¬ ployer  le  rufe ,  lent  the  archbiihop  word  that  he  -wondered  a  man  of -'his  profefion,  fhould  be found-  in  fuch  a  pofiure ,  fince  he  could  not  ffjew  any  reafon  why  he  fhould  arm  the  king  j  people  con¬ trary  to  the  king's  peace.  To  which  the  archbiihop  mildly  anfwered,  that  he  was  fo  far  from infringing  the  king's  peace ,  that  all  which  he  did  tended  to  the  prefervation  of  it.  Upon  this,  en¬ tering  into  the  merits  of  the  catife  on  either  fide,  a  treaty  was  begun,  and  the  articles  of grievances  fliewn  •,  which  tor  the  earl’s  better  fatisfaftion  the  archbiihop  thought  fit  to  fend  him by  a  gentleman  of  his  own.  The  earl,  though  he  was  determined  what  to  do  in  the  cafe. Itemed  to  reft  fitisfied  with  the  juftnefs  of  them  •,  but  faid  that  a  bufinefs  of  this  high  nature being  in  qiufion ,  it  was  requifile  they  foould  meet  together  and  treat  thereof  which  might  eajih  be done ,  each  of  than  bringing  a  like  number  of  men  betwixt  the  two  camps  (u).  There  is  no  net,  fays the  polite  (x)  Italian  from  whom  I  quote,  fo  fecure  as  that  which  is  fpread  in  commendation of  him  who  is  to  be  deceived.  For  the  good  archbiihop,  mealuring  other  mens  confciences by  his  own,  hearing  his  actions  applauded  by  one  he  thought  his  enemy,  was  confident  he could  bring  the  earl  over  to  his  intereft,  and  therefore  made  no  difficulty  to  give  him  the meeting-,  and,  which  is  more,  brought  the  earl  marffial,  reluftant  enough,  along  with  him. For  he,  being  of  a  deeper  reach  in  politicks,  long  withftood  it.  At  this  meeting,  with  e- qual  numbers  betwixt  the  two  camps,  JVeftmoreland,  after  fome  ffiort  difeourfe,  feemed  per¬ fectly  fatisfied,  and  profefied  that  in  fo  juft  a  caufe,  he  himfelf  would  fight  to  the  l aft  of  his  life. The  generals  then  fhook  hands  in  fight  of  both  armies  ;  wine  was  called  for,  and  drank  a- bout  in  token  of  friendfhip  and  mutual  love.  And  now  the  earl  laid  to  the  archbiihop, that  their  differences  being  ended  in  a  joint  confent ,  it  was  not  expedient  to  detain  any  longer  fo  many people ,  with  fo  much  inconvenience  to  themfelves ,  from  their  houfes  and  fops  -,  but  that  being  fuel - da.lv  difbanded ,  it  was  but  reafon  they  foould  together  with  them  enjoy  the  fruits  of  the  eftablifioed reconciliation.  The  archbiihop  believed  the  earl,  and  his  people  him,  who  immediately broke  up  their  camp  and  returned  to  the  city;  joyful  enough,  no  doubt,  to  avoid  a  battle, and  go  back  to  their  Iliops,  from  which  they  were  moft  of  them  taken.  The  bowls  of  wine in  the  mean  time  went  brilkly  round  ;  whilft  the  earls  party,  fcattered  at  firft,  impercepti¬ bly  gathering  one  by  one  together,  grew  to' fuch  a  multitude,  that  he,  having  now  no  caufe of  tear,  arrefted  the  archbifhop  ot  high-treafon  upon  the  fpot  -,  as  alfo  the  earl  maiffial. Notwithftanding  this  he  plighted  his  faith  to  them  that  they  fhould  not  fuftei  in  theii  lives  ; but  meeting  the  king  at  Pontfrete  as  he  was  haftening  to  York ,  he  brought  back  with  him the  prifoners,  who,  fays  Biondi ,  much  commiferated  and  bemoaned,  were  adjudged  to  dye and  were  forthwith  beheaded. There  fell  along  with  the  archbiihop  and  earl  marffial  Hr  John  Lamplugh ,  fir  Robert PI umpt on,  with  feveral  others.  The  earl’s  body  was  by  the  king’s  permiflion,  fays  IValfing- ham ,  fuffered  to  be  buried  in  the  cathedral.  But  his  head,  fixed  upon  a  flake,  flood  long on  the  walls  of  the  city  expofed  to  heat,  wind  and  rain.  Which,  when  the  king  at  length granted  fhould  be  buried  with  the  body,  was  found,  fays  my  author,  neither  fallen,  nor wafted,  nor  fcarcely  difcoloured,  but  kept  the  fame  comlinefs  which  it  had  when  living  fy;. I  fhall  not  flop  to  make  any  reflections  on  the  courfe  of  this  event,  the  ftory  fpeaks  itfelf. Whatelfe  is  particular  in  the  ftrange  tryal  and  barbarous  execution  of  the  archbifhop  will be  found  in  his  life.  _  _  . And  now  Ifenry  took  ample  vengeance  on  the  citizens  of  York  for  fiding  with  their  arch- biffiop  -,  for  firft  I  find  in  the  publick  a<5ts  a  mandate  directed  to  two  of  his  captains,  I  fup- pofe,  immediately  to  fieze  the  city’s  liberties  to  this  purport. ( q)  Tho.  WalfiVgbam- (  r)  Hotting  fed. ( f)  Ralph  Nevill  car]  of  Weft  morel and. (t)  John  carl  of  Lane  after  ;  afterwards  duke  of  Bed¬ ford. (u)  This  whole  coutroverfy  is  elegantly  deferibed  in Sha/cf/pear's  hillorical  play  of  Henri  IV. ( x )  Sir  Francis  Biondi  knight,  an  Italian  and  gentle¬ man  of  the  bed-chamber  to  king  Charles  I.  wrote  an  e,e- gant  hi  ftory,  as  bifhop  Nicholjon  juftly  calls  it,  in  his  own language  of  the  civil  wars  betwixt  the  houfes  of  York  and Lancafler  ;  trar.flated  into  Bn  gift  by  Henry  earl  of  Mon¬ mouth.  This  book  deferves  a  more  modern  tranflation. fy)  Caput  in  nullo  fittxum,  in  nullo  marcidum,  net  pe- nitus  decoloratum ,  fed  eundem  praetulijfe  decorem,  litem  vi- vens  obtinuerat.  T.  Walfmgham. ( z)  The 2 io8  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. (z)  The  king  to  his  chofen  and  faithful  fervants  John  Stanley  and  Roger  Leeche,  greeting. J£NOW  ye  that  for  certain  fpecial  caufes ,  intimately ,  concerning  us  and  the  ft  ate  of  our  king¬ dom  of  England,  we  do  affign you ,  together  or  feparately,  to  our  city  of  York  together  with all  andfingular  liberties,  franchfes,  and  privileges  to  the  citizens  of  the  faid  city ,  by  our  pro*e- mtors  or  predecejfors  fometime  kings  of  England,  or  our  f elf,  before  this  lime  granted  and  con¬ firmed,  to  take  and  feize  into  our  hands-,  and  the  faid  city  thus  taken  and  feized,  till  further  orders from  us ,  in  our  name  to  keep  and  govern. And  therefore)  we  command  you,  or  either  of  you,  diligently  to  take  heed  to  the  premifes ,  and  that you  Jhould  do  and  execute  them  in  the  manner  aforefaid. Alf°  we  command  all  andfingular  high  Jhenffs,  mayors ,  bayliffs  and  their  officers ,  and  all other  our  faithful  fubjefts,  as  well  within  liberties  as  without,  by  the  tenour  of  thefe  prefen ts  ft r icily to  aid  and  ajjift  you,  or  either  of  you,  in  the  execution  of  the  premifes,  being  helpful ,  advifin?  and obedient  to  you  as  they  onght.  6 In  tejlimony  of  which,  See. mtmfs  the  king  at  his  caftle  of  pountfrc?ff  the  third  day  of  June,  A.  140?,  in  the  fixtb year  of  bis  reign. By  the  K  I  N  G. This  fevere  mandate  from  Henry  fell  like  a  clap  of  thunder  on  our  city,  and  was  lent before  him  as  a  tafte  of  what  they  were  to  expedt  at  his  arrival  (a).  What  followed  were tryals,  executions,  pains,  penalties  and  grievous  fines,  which  he  impofed  and  exadled  with great  rigour  on  all  the  citizens  who  had  followed  the  archbilhop  ( b ).  After  which  he maiched  northward  againft  the  earl  of  Northianberland,  who  hearing  of  the  fate  of  his  con¬ federates  had  retired  to  his  government  of  Berwick.  But  Henry  not  thinking  it  poli¬ tick  to  leave  fo  many  vexed  fpirits  behind  him,  who  might  expedt  worfe  treatment  at  his return,  by  the  advice  of  his  council  fent  back  a  general  pardon,  dated  from  Ripon(c),  and directed  to  the  high-fheriffs  of  feveral  counties,  for  all  the  archbilhop’s  adherents ;  amon^ft thole  our  city  received  the  fame  favour-,  which,  though  thinned  in  its  inhabitants,  and A.  icripped  of  its  treafure,  yet  was  now  reinflated  to  its  former  privileges. MCCCCVIII  King  Henry  made  York  another  vifit  on  much  the  fome  errand  as  before;  for  we  are  told f*-af  aiCerihe  difcomfiture  °f  earl  of  Northumberland's  forces,  by  Sir  Thomas  Rokefby high  fherift  o tYorkJhire,  on  Bramham-Moor ,  where  the  old  earl  was  flain  ( d ) ;  the  king  came tolork,  where  what  he  had  left  undone  before  was  nowcompleated  in  the  executions  and  con- fi feat  10ns  of  feveral  citizens,  though  I  do  not  find  they  had  aided  the  earl  in  his  enterprife. Amongft  thofe  that  fuffered  death  was  the  abbot  of  Hales,  who  beino-  taken  in  armour  at the  battle  was  here  executed.  The  earl  of  Northumberland,  the  chief  inftrument  in  depo¬ ts.  Richard  and  raifing  up  this  Henry,  after  having  the  misfortune  to  live  to  fee  molt  of his  family  cut  off  before  him,  he,  the  flock  and  root  of  the  name  of  Piercy,  was  milera- bly  flain  at  this  battle  (e).  His  head,  covered  with  filver  hairs,  being  put  upon  a  flake, was  carried,  in  a  kind  of  mock  proceflion,  through  all  the  towns  to  London ,  and  then  placed on  the  bridge,  where,  fays  my  author,  it  long  flood  as  a  monument  of  divine  jujlice  (f). I  have  gone  through  all  that  I  can  find  in  our  chronicles,  relating  to  our  city,  in  Henry the  fourth  s  reign.  Except  I  fhould  take  notice  that  in  the  fecond  year  of  it,  at  his  return out  of  Scotland,  he  came  to  York,  and  faw  a  duel,  or  martial  combat,  by  challenge  fought there  betwixt  two  foreign  and  two  Englijh  knights,  in  which  the  latter  prevailed.0  One  of the  Englijh,  Sir  John  Cornwall,  fo  pleafed  the  king  by  his  valour  fhewn  in  the  combat,  that A  ie  Save  him  his  filler  the  widow  of  John  earl  of  Holland  and  Huntingdon  to  wife  (g). MCCCCXII.  Henry  V.  began  his  fhort,  but  glorious  reign,  which  may  aifo  be  called  a  politick  one ; for  by  amufing  his  people  in  carrying  on  a  profperous  war  in  France,  he  kept  them  from prying  into  his  title  at  home.  Our  chronicles  produce  very  little  to  my  purpofe  durino- his  time  i  but  our  city’s  old  rcgii'ters  gives  a  mandate  from  this  king  to  the  lord-mayor  of lork  (h),  to  fieze  and  confifcate  the  eftate  and  effeas  of  Thomas  lord  Scrope  of  Maffam, beheaded  for  high-treafon  at  Southampton  in  the  firft  year  of  his  reign.  His  head  came along  with  the  mandate,  and  was  ordered  in  the  lame  to  be  placed  on  the  top  of  SpiclicU Iptlj  bat".  This  lord  Scrope  was  lord  treafurer  of  England,  and  had  married  Joan  duchefs dowager  of  Tork.  After  the  mandate  is  an  inventory  of  goods,  plate,  &V.  delivered  by indenture  to  the  faid  duchefs  as  part  of  her  hulband’s  effeds  s  the  whole  I  have  thought curious  enough  to  place  in  th t  appendix.  The  earl  of  Cambridge,  who  had  married  the heirefs  ot  the  houfe  of  Tork,  with  Sir  Thomas  Grey,  was  beheaded  at  the  fame  time  with lord  Scrope  And  this,  fays  Rapin,  was  the  firft  fpark  of  that  fire,  which  almoft  confumed, in  procelsof  time,  the  two  houfes  of  Lancafter  and  York.  Moft  of  our  hiftorians  are  fo buty  in  attending  this  monarch  in  his  hrench  wars,  that  a  progrels  he  made  to  Tork  has (z)  A  it.  pub.  tom.  vn. (r)  Hulinjhed. f)  Bbnd:. (f)  Act.  pub. (J)  Sis:,,. (t)  Dug.  Bar. (f)  Hollinjbed. (&)  Speed. ( h)  Regif.  ant.  fuper  pontem  Ufae. I0£ Chap.  IV.  of  the  CITY  ^  YORK. efcaped  their  notice.  TValftngham  writes  that  Anno  1421,  the  ninth  of  Henry  V.  after  the coronation  of  Catherine  of  France  at  tVeftminfier ,  the  king  and  queen  made  a  progrefs through  the  kingdom  to  Fork.  From  thence  they  went  to  vifit  the  flirine  of  St.  John  of Beverly.  Jt  was  at  Fork  that  the  news  came  to  him  of  the  death  of  the  duke  of  Clarence his  brother,  flain  in  France.  There  had  been  a  ftrong  report  that  the  tomb  of  St.  John  of  Be¬ verly  iweat  blood  all  the  day  that  the  famous  battle  of  Agincourt  was  fought.  And  it  be¬ ing  imputed  to  the  merits  of  that  faint,  that  this  great  victory  was  gained  ;  Henry ,  a  zealous catholick  prince,  thought  it  his  duty  to  make  a  pilgrimage  to  the  ihrine.  And  this  is  all that  I  can  learn  of  this  great  monarch’s  tranfadions  at  Fork-,  or  in  thefe  parts. But  we  come  now  to  a  feene  of  mifery  indeed,  fuch  as  this  kingdom  never  felt,  either  be¬ fore  or  fince;  and  it  ought  to  be  every  Englifhman's  hearty  prayer,  that  it  never  may  again. All  the  foreign  invafions  this  nation  had  fuffered  never  fpilt  half  fo  much  blood  at  a  time as  this  molt  unnatural  inteftine  war.  The  whole  kingdom  was  divided  into  two  fierce parties  or  fadtions,  and  fuch  an  implacable  fury  and  revenge  reigned  in  their  breads,  that nothing  but  the  utter  extirpation  of  one  could  fatiate  this  extravagant  third  of  blood.  In the  fpace.'of  thirty  fix  years  twelve  fet  battles  were  fought  within  this  kingdom,  by  na¬ tives  only  ;  and  above  fourfeore  princes  of  the  blood  royal  of  England  fell  by  each  other’s lvvords  (i).  And  it  is  worthy  obfervation,  fays  Sir  John  Habinglon,  that  in  this  lono-  and cruel  conflid  betwixt  the  two  houfes,  never  any  dranger  of  name  was  prefent  at  our  battles  j as  if  we  had  difdained,  adds  he,  to  conquer  or  peridi  by  other  weapons  than  our  own. Henry  VI.  the  very  reverfe  of  his  father,  was  fitter  for  a  monadick  than  a  regal  life. His  weak  and  undeady  hand,  made  feebler  by  the  murder  of  his  uncle  Humphry  duke  of Glocefter ,  was  by  no  means  fit  to  guide  the  helm  of  government  in  fo  turbulent  a  feafon. The  houfe  of  Fork  laid  hold  of  this  opportunity  to  aflert  their  title  to  the  throne ;  and wading  through  a  fea  of  blood  at  length  obtained  it.  It  is  not  my  purpofe  to  deferibe thefe  melancholy  times  at  length ;  who  will  may  read  them  elegantly  treated  on  by  Sir Francis  Biondi ,  an  Italian  writer,  who  mud  fhew  the  lead  partiality  to  either  houfe;  and therefore  what  relates  to  my  fubjed  is  chiefly  copied  from  that  author, u  ^at^e  °f  Wakefield,  where  Richard  duke  of  Fork  met  his  fate  ;  his  head,  which  MCCCCLX. had  boldly  afpired  to  a  golden  diadem,  was  crowned  with  paper,  in  dirifion,  put  on  along pole,  and  placed  on  the  top  of  Micklegat e-bar ,  with  his  face  to  the  city  ;  as  Shakefpear makes  the  haughty  queen  Margaret,  opprobrioufly,  fpeak  that York  may  overlook  the  town  of  York. For  company,  with  the  duke’s  were  l.ikewife  placed  the  heads  of  Richard  earl  of  Saii/hury , Sir  Richard  Limb  rick.  Sir  Ralph  Stanley ,  John  Harrow ,  captain  Hanfon ,  &c.  all  taken  pri- fonefs  at  the  aforefaid  battle  and  beheaded  at  Pontfrete  ( k ). But  this  fuccefs  of  the  red  rofe  party  laded  not  long;  for,  upon  the  death  of  his  father, Edward  earl  of  March  waved  the  title  of  duke  of  Fork,  and  got  himfelf,  almod  every; where,  proclaimed  king  of  England.  After  which  came  on  the  mod  remarkable  bloody battle  ever  fought,  perhaps,  in  the  whole  world.  It  was  truly  the  Pharfalia  of  this  nation, and  deferves  a  pen  equal  to  Lucan's  to  deferibe  it. .  Edward,  after  the  death  of  his  father,  being  received  for  king,  and  as  fuch  £roclaimedi immediately  left  London  (/).  The  condition  of  his  affairs  being  fuch,  as  would  not  differ him  idly  to  enjoy  that  dignity,  the  duration  of  which  could  not  be  hoped  for  but  by  the utter  ruin  of  his  adverfary.  Fie  eafily  gathered  together  a  great  army,  for  being  a  prince, lays  Ilollingjhead,  highly  favoured  of  the  people  for  liberality,  clemency,  upright  dealing and  extraordinary  courage,  each  man  made  an  offer  to  him  of  all  he  had  ;  fo  that  his forces  were  very  foon  forty  nine  thoufand  ftrong;  with  which  lie  encamped  at  Pontfrete-, himfelf  refiding  in  the  caftle  and  his  army  round  him.  It  was  then  thought  proper  to  fend the  loid  Fitzwater ,  with  a  detachment,  to  guard  the  pafs  at  Ferrybridge ;  to  prevent  any fudden  furprife  from  the  enemy. Henry,  his  queen  and  their  army  lay  in,  and  about,  Fork-,  to  the  number,  as  moft  ac¬ count,  of  fixty  thoufand  fighting  men.  The  command  of  this  army  was  given  to  the  duke of  Sornerfet,  the  earl  of  Norlhuinberland,  and  the  lord  Cifford-,  all  mortal  enemies  to  the houfe  of  Fork,  and  whofe  fathers  had  all  perifhed  in  this  unhappy  quarrel  at  the  battle  of on.  Alban's.  Thefe  generals  fet  forward  from  Fork  with  their  forces,  leaving  Henry,  his queen  and  fon  in  the  city,  as  in  a  place,  fays  my  author,  of  greateft  fecurity  to  their  per- fons.  Underftanding  that  Edward  had  gained  and  guarded  the  pafs  at  Ferrybridge,  they made  a  halt,  and  fent  the  lord  Clifford  with  a  body  of  light  horfe  to  diflodge  them.  Clif- fo,  d  made  fuch  hafte,  that,  fetting  upon  the  bridge  by  break  of  day,  he  eafily  won  it,  the guards  being  all  afleep,  and  not  dreaming  of  an  enemy  fo  near  them.  The  lord  Fitzwater awaked  by  the  noife,  fuppofing  it  to  arife  from  fome  tumult  amongft  his  own  men,  jumped out  of  bed,  and  unarmed,  with  only  a  battle-ax  in  his  hand,  went  to  appeafe  them.  Bur, too  late  aware  of  his  miftake,  he  was  there  flain,  together  with  the  baftard  of  Sali/bury, (i)  Dantd,  Kennel's  hift.  of  England.  (I)  Biondi. (  k  )  Hoh'ing/bed. F  f 2 brother 1  IO 7 "he  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. A  brother  to  the  .famous  earl  of  Warwick.  This  young  gentleman’s  death  did  fo  much  grieve MCCCCLXl.tjie  faid  earl,  as  well  as  the  unhappy  fuccefsof  this  firft  encounter,  which  he  thought  might difmay  the  army,  that  riding  full  fpeed  to  Edward  to  inform  him  of  this  crofs  event,  he lighted  off  horfeback  and  thruft  his  fword  into  the  horlc’s  belly,  faying  at  the  (lime  time, fly  who  will  fly,  I  drill  not  fly,  here  will  I  flay  with  as  many  as  will  keep  me  company,  and killing  the  crofs  on  the  hilt  of  his  fword,  by  way  of  vow,  put  it  up  again.  Edward  who did  very  much  resfcnt  this  misfortune  •,  not  that  it  was  of  fo  great  confequence  in  itfelf,  but that  it  being  the  firft  encounter  an  ill  omen  might  be  drawn  from  it  ;  made  proclamation that  it  fhould  be  lawful  for  any  man  that  had  not  a  mind  to  fight  to  depart  •,  he  promifed large  recompences  to  thole  that  would  tarry,  but  death  to  thole  who  ftaid  and  after  fled, witTi  reward  and  double  pay  to  thole  that  fhould  kill  them.  No  man  accepted  fo  ignomi¬ nious  a  leave,  but  allchofe  rather  to  die  then  declare  themfelves  fuch  bafe  cowards.  The lord  Clifford' s  fticcefs  was  in  the  mean  time  of  no  long  continuance ;  for  the  lord  Falcon - berg  had  pafied  the  river  Aire  at  Caflleford ,  three  miles  above  Ferrybridge ,  accompanied with  Sir  IFalter  Blount  and  Robert  Horn ,  with  an  intention  to  furprize  him  ;  whereof  Clif¬ ford  being  ap.prifed  drew  off  his.  men  and  retired  in  great  hafte  to  the  main  body.  In  this retreat  he  fell  in  unawares  wath  a  party,  and  having  his  helmet  off,  either  tor  heat  or pain,  was  fhot  into  the  throat  with  an  arrow,  as  fome  fay,  withounahead,  and  inftantly  fell down  dead.  A  fate  too  good  for  fuch  a  monlter,  who,  in  cool  blood,  had  fome  time  be¬ fore  murdered  an  innocent  child  of  ten  years  old,  the  earl  of  Rutland,  Edward's  youngeft brother;  whofe  moving  interceflion  for  mercy  from  him,  might  haye  extorted  compaflion from  the  rougeft  barbarian. When  this  conflict  was  over  Edward's  whole  army  marched  to  meet  the  enemy,  and  in the  fields  betwixt  'Towton  and  Saxton,  two  miles  weft  of  Yadcafter ,  found  them  drawn  up ready  to  receive  them.  The  number  of  forces  on  the  Yorki/l's  fide  was  then  forty  thoufand fix  hundred  and  fixty  men;  the  other  exceeded,  being  full  fixty  thoufand.  The  right wing  of  Edward's  army  was  commanded  by  the  carl  ol  Warwick  ;  the  left  by  the  lord Falconberg ;  in  the  abfence  of  the  duke  of  Norfolk  who  was  fick ;  the  main  body  was  led by  Edward  himfelf,  and  the  rearguard  committed  to  the  care  of  Sir  John  Venloe ,  and  Sir John  Denham  two  valiant  commanders.  The  Lancaftrian  generals  I  have  mentioned.  Be¬ fore  the  battle  joined,  Edward  commanded  that  this  dreadful  proclamation  fhould  be  made betwixt  the  two  armies,  that  no  prifoner  fhould  be  taken  but  all,  indifferently,  put  to  the fword  ;  which  was  anfwered  by  the  like  proclamation  from  the  other  fide.  Edward  did not  do  this  out  of  cruelty,  fay  hiftorians,  but  that  his  army,  being  much  inferiour  in  num¬ bers,  might  not  be  incumbered  with  prifoners. And  now  on  the  29th  of  March ,  being  Paltn-funday,  early  in  the  morning  the  fight  be- cran;  firft  with  a  flight  of  arrows  from  Henry's  men  5  which  by  reafon  of  a  fhower  of  fnow which  blew  with  the  wind  full  in  their  faces  when  they  fhot,  were  of  no  execution,  but  all dropped  fliort  of  their  mark.  This  when  Falconberg  perceived,  he  ordered  his  men  to ihoot  one  flight,  then  to  retire  back  three  paces  and  ftand;  which  they  did,  till  the  Lan- caflrians  had  emptied  their  quivers  in  vain.  The  Yorkifls  then  advanced  upon  them,  and, not  only  fent  their  own  arrows,  which,  aided  by  the  wind,  came  full  againft  them,  but  alfo picked  up  the  fhort  arrows  of  the  enemy  in  their  march  and  returned  them  to  their  mafters. All  hiftorians  agree,  that  this  conduct  of  Falconberg' s  was  a  great  help  to  the  victory.  The earl  of  Northumberland  and  Sir  Andrew  Frolop,  who  lead  the  vanguard,  feeing  this  difad- vantage,  pufhed  their  men  as  faft  as  poffible  to  handyblows.  And  now  began  a  battle  in¬ deed,  each  man  ftood  his  ground  till  flain  or  knocked  down,  and  then  another  took  his place.  The  proclamation  for  not  giving  quarter  feemed  to  be  needlefs,  the  extream  hatred betwixt  the  two  parties  called  for  nothing  but  blood  and  death.  Ten  hours  this  direful conflidt  lafted  in  fufpence,  and  victory  fluctuated  from  fide  to  fide,  till  at  length  it  fettled in  the  houfe  of  York ;  in  a  great  meafure  owing  to  their  king  and  leader.  Edward  was  an cye-witnefs  of  his  foldier’s  valour,  and  they  of  his  captain-\\kc  courage  ;  a  fight  which  ra¬ ther  made  them  chufe  to  die,  than  not  to  imitate  him.  In  fhort,  the  Lancaflrians  gave way  and  fled  towards  York ,  but  feeking,  in  a  tumultuary  manner,  to  gain  the  bridge  at Tadcafler,  fo  many  of  them  fell  into  the  rivulet  Cock,  as  quite  filled  it  up,  and  the  Yorkifls went  over  their  backs  to  purfue  their  brethren.  This  rivulet,  and  the  river  Wharfe ,  into which  it  hereabouts  empties  itfelf,  were  died  with  blood;  and  there  is  no  wonder  in  this, if  the  number  which  hiftorians  give  of  the  flain  is  to  be  credited.  Thirty  fix  thoufand feven  hundred  and  feventy  fix  Engljhmen ,  here  fell  a  facrifice  for  their  father’.,  tranigrefilons; -and  the  wounds  they  died  on  being  made  by  arrows,  battle-axes  or  fwords,  would  bleed plentifully  (m).  The  blood  of  the  flain,  fays  an  hiftorian,  lay  caked  with  the  fnow, which  at  that  time  covered  the  face  of  the  ground,  and  afterwards,  diffolving  with  it,  ran down,  in  molt  horrible  manner,  the  furrows  and  ditches  of  the  fields,  for  two  or  three miles  together  iff).  Not  one  man,  except  the  earl. of  Devonjhire ,  was  taken  prifoner,  and (n)  Sir  J.  Hath  Edzo.  IV.  fulcos  ft  lacunas  borriSiJiter  decurrit.  Hilt.  croy  cont. (nj  Occi jorum  nempe  cruor  cum  nive  jam  commixtus,  Fire-arms  were  in  ule  before  this  battle,  but  I  do  not y,u  at  am  tunc  temper  is  operiebat  terrae  juptrjiciem,  p»/t-  find  that  any  were  made  ufe  on  ar  it. Jum  usque  duo  vet  tria  miliaria  cum  rave  rcj'sluta  per he Ill Chap.  IV.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. he  feemed  tobefavedwhen  they  were  weary  with  killing.  The  dukes  of  Somerfet  and  Exeter fled  the  field,  and  brought  the  fatal  news  to  Henry,  and  his  queen  at  Tork  ;  whom  with all  fpced  they  perfuaded  to  fly  with  them  into  Scotland.  Nor  was  their  hafte  in  vain,  for victorious  Edward  was  clofc  at  their  heels,  and  they  had  fcarce  left  the  city  before  he  en¬ tered  it  in  hopes  to  furprife  them. Mining  of  his  principal  aim,  the  firft  thing  Edward  did  was  to  take  down  his  father’s head  along  with  the  others  that  had  been  placed  on  the  bar,  and  had  them  buried  with their  bodies;  and  then  caufed  Thomas  Courtney  earl  of  Devon,  the  earl  of  Kyme,  Sir  William Idill,  Sir  nomas  Foulford  to  be  beheaded  and  fet  their  heads  in  the  fame  place  Jp).  The names  of  the  nobility  which  fell  in  the  battle  are  thus  recorded' by  Stowe,  Henry  Piercye arl of  Northumberland,  the  earl  of  Shrewjbury,  Jute  lord  Clifford,  the  lord  Beaumont,  John  lord Nevill,  the  lord  Willoughby,  Leonard  lord  'Wells,  the  lord  Roos,  the  lord  Scales,  the  lord Grey,  Ranulph  lord  Dacres,  the  lord  Fitzhugh,  the  lord  Molineux ,  lord  Henry  Beckingham. Of  knights,  twobaftard  fons  of  Henry  Holland  duke  of  Exeter,  Sir  Richard  Piercy,  Sir  Jo&i Heyton,  Sir  Gervafe  Clifton,  Sir  Edmund , Hands,  Sir  Thomas  Crakenthorpe,  Sir  William  Ha- ryll.  Sir'  John  Ormonde,  Sir  Andrew  Trolop,  Sir  Roger  Molytie,  Sir  Radulph  Pigole,  Sir  Henry Narbohew,  Sir  David  Trolope,  Sir  John  Burton,  whom  -Stowe -calls  captain  of  Tork,  I  fup- pole  he  means  governour,  with  many  other-knights  too  tedious  to  mention. The  (lain  were  buried  in  five  great  pits  yet  appearing,  adds  Stowe,  in  the  field  by  north Saxton  church  ;  but,  fays  he,  Mr.  Hungate  caufed  them  to  be  removed  from  thence,  and  to be  buried  in  the  church-yard  of  Saxton  ;  where  the  lord  Dacres  has  a  mean  tomb  'erected  to his  memory. This  tomb  is  a  flat  marble  Hone,  now  much  broken  and  defaced  ;  but  round  it  may  dill be  read  this  imperfect  infeription, lijic  facet  liamilfiljus  Dts.  oeSwItrc  cf - - - fpflts ct  ocrita  crat  tu  hello  jmndpe  Ifemtco  Vp  Jinno  Dom. m,cccc,lxi.  xxix  hie  q&artii  Wocltcjrt.  Dominica  Dtc  pal mantm.  Cujub  amme  pjopitictiic  E'eus,  ®njn. The  pits  which  Stow  fpeaks  of  could  not  contain  one  hundred  part  of  the  flain,  but  they mil  have  been  buried  in  feveral  other  places  of  the  field,  and  indeed  the  plowfliare  oft  dis¬ covers  their  miferable  remains  in  almoft  every  part  of  them.  At  Towton  king  Richard  the third  began  a  great  chapel,  as  Leland  lays  (o),  over  the  bodies  of  the  Torkjfis  flain  in  that battle  who  were  buried  there  ;  which  lie  intended  to  have  endowed  as  a  chantry  chapel,  but lived  not  to  fee  it  finiflied.  His  fucceffor,  we  may  fuppofe,  had  no  inclination  to  carry  the work  on,  and  now  no  remains  of  the  building  appears,  nor  any  memorial  of  it,  faveapiece of  ground  on  the  north  fide  of  the  village  called  Cljapclsgartlj.  It  may  not  be  unacceptable to  the  reader  to  add  that,  aboutayear  or  two  ago,  two  gentlemen  and  my  felf  had  the  curio- fity  to  go  and  fee  a  frefh  grave  opened  in  tliefe  fields.  -Where  amongft  vaft  quantities  of bones,  we  found  fome  arrow  piles,  pieces  of  broken  fwords,  and  five  very  frefli  groat  pieces of  Henry  the  fourth,  fifth,  and  lixth’s  coin.  Thefe  laid,  near  all  together,  clofe  to  a  thi<di bone,  which  made  us  conjecture  that  they  had  not  time  to  drip  the  dead  before  they  toiled them  into  the  pit.  I  fhall  now  take  leave  of  this  famous  battle  with  thefe  lines  out  of  the Angler um  proelia. (p)  Moerentes  hodie ,  quoties  profeindit  arator Arva  propinqua  locis,  dentate  revellers  terra Semijepulta  virum  fulcis  cerealibus  offa. Moejto  execrantur  plane: u  civile  duellum, Quo  periere  homimm  plus  centum  milia  caefa, Nobile  Tadeaftrum  dudes  accepta  coegit Millibus  enebtis  ter  denis  nomen  habere. As  often  as  the  plowman  turns  the  fields, Half  burled  human  bones  the  foil  ftill  yields ; The  dire  remains  of  horrid  civil  ftrife; An  hundred  thoufand  men  bereft  of  life This  quarrel  claims  ;  and  Fade  after  may  boaft That  thirty  thoufand  in  her  fields  were  loft. The  battle  of  Towton  proved  decifive  in  favour  of  the  houfe  of  York-,  for  Henry  havino- loft  all  his  army,  and  moft  of  his  chief  friends  being  flain,  made  hafte  into’  Scotland.  There that  unfortunate  prince  was  obliged  to  fue,  in  the  humbleft  manner,  for  protection  from  his mercilefs  enemies,  and  freely  gave  up  the  important  town  of  Berwick  to  the  Scotch  king  for his  fubfiftence ;  whilft  Edward,  having  quieted  all  the  northern  parts,  returned  to  °Lon- don,  where  June  28,  14.61,  he  was  with  all  poflible  pomp  and  magnificence  crowned  kinv  of England,  &c.  at  IVeJlminJlcr. ( 0)  Sir  John  Mutton's  father,  fays  Leland ,  laid  the  long  flourilhed  in  this  county? Mftoneof  it.  Bin.  Sir  John  Melton-,  that  family  (p)  Ho/lins  Jhad. An.  1465, 1 1 z  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. A.  An.  1464,  king  Edward  came  to  York,  accompanied  with  his  brethren  ■,  and  moll  of  the  nobility ucccc-Lxiv.the  realm  ;  bringing  along  with  him  a  mighty  army  againft  the  Scotch ,  French  and  Northum- brians ,  who  had  taken  arms  in  Henry’s  favour.  At  Hexam  the  armies  met,  and  a  fore  battle was  fought  betwixt  them,  but  the  victory  fell  to  Edward.  Henry*,  fays  Hollingjhead , lhewed  himfelf  here  an  excellent  horfeman,  for  he  rid  fo  faft  that  none  could  overtake  him. His  equipage,  however,  and  feveral  of  his  fervants  fell  into  the  enemy’s  hands.  In  the former  was  found  the  royal  cap  called  Hbacot  being  garnifhed  with  two  rich  crowns;  with which  Edward  was  again  crowned.  May  4,  with  great  folemnity  at  York.  Lord  George  and fir  Hiunphry  Nevil  now  loft  their  heads  in  this  city  ;  with  twenty  five  more  pcrfons  executed, all  taken  prifoners  in  the  laft  battle. It  is  an  ealy  matter  to  guefs  what  part  our  city  took  during  all  thefe  inteftine  troubles,  and whofe  caufe  the  citizens  favoured  molt,  when  I  mention  a  record  of  an  extraordinary  grant from  this  king  to  them,  which  I  met  with  in  the  tower  of  London.  The  patent  is  dated  at Ycrk ,  June  10,  An.  Reg.  4,  1464,  and  exprelfes  the  king’s  great  concern  for  the  fufferings and  hardfhips  the  city  had  undergone  during  thefe  wars,  infomuch  as  to  be  almoft  reduced to  the  loweft  degree  of  poverty,  in  extremampaupertatis  abijfum,  by  them.  In  confideration of  which  he  not  only  relinquifhes  the  ufual  farm  of  the  city,  but  alfigns  them  an  annual rent  of  40 1.  to  be  paid  them  out  of  his  cuftoms  in  the  port  of  Hull  for  twelve  years  to  come. The  whole  record  is  fo  fingular  that  it  muft  find  a  place  in  the  appendix  (q). For  fome  years  after  this  did  Edward ,  with  little  difturbance,  keep  poffeffion  of  the crown  ;  but  at  length  the  fcales  turned,  and  he  who  had  driven  Henry  into  exile,  was obliged  to  fhare  the  fame  fortune  himfelf,  and  feek  protection  in  a  foreign  country;  This was  wholly  owing  to  the  defertion  of  the  famous  earl  of  Warwick  from  him  and  his  family’s intereft.  The  earl  being  difgraced  in  an  embafly  to  France  by  Edward ,  who  had  privately married  a  lady  in  England ,  whilft  Warwick  was  publickly  treating  of  a  marriage  for  him  with the  French  king’s  filter  in  France ,  took  it  fo  heinoully  that  he  not  only  went  over  to  Henry's caufe  himfelf,  but  he  likewife  perfuaded  his  two  brothers  the  marquis  Montacute  and  lord George ,  the  one  lord  prefident,  the  other  archbifhop  of  Fork,  to  take  the  fame  courfe.  The fprings  and  motives  of  this  next  revolution,  being  fet  on  foot  in  our  city,  requires  a  par¬ ticular  difquifition. The  earl’s  two  brothers  had  a  confultation  with  him  at  Calais ,  of  which  town  he  was  go¬ vernor;  and  there  it  was  agreed  that  they  two  fhould  ftir  up  fome  commotion  in  the  north, whilft  he  fhould  land  in  the  fouth ;  and  they  took  this  method  to  put  their  defign  in  exe¬ cution.  There  was  in  our  city  an  hofpital  dedicated  to  S.  Leonard,  where,  fays  my  author  (r), by  an  ancient  inftitution  the  poor  was  fed,  and  the  difeafed  healed.  The  intention  was  fo laudable,  that  there  was  no  owner  of  ground  in  all  that  county  that  did  not  contribute,  at the  time  of  harveft,  fomewhat  to  the  maintenance  of  it.  This  contribution  at  firft  was voluntary,  but  after,  byufe,  became  a  cuftom  ;  and  they  had  proper  officers  to  colled  it for  the  fervice  of  the  hofpital.  The  two  malecontent  lords  caufed  a  report  to  be  fpread in  the  country,  that  the  hofpital  having  fufficient  revenues  of  its  own,  had  no  need  of  this contribution  of  corn  ;  which  only  went  to  enrich  the  provoft  and  priefts,  and  was  of  no  be¬ nefit  to  the  poor.  It  was  no  hard  matter  to  bring  the  people  to  believe  this,  efpecially fince  it  was  their  intereft ;  and  the  news  quickly  fpreading  from  one  mouth  to  another,  the colledors  were  not  only  denied  their  ufual  alotments,  but  infulted  and  wounded  in  the  exe¬ cution  of  their  offices.  The  populace  being  enraged  that  they  fhould  fo  long  bear  this  ex¬ action,  as  they  thought  it,  refolved  to  revenge  themfelves  upon  the  hofpital,  and  even  the city  itfelf.  About  fifteen  thoufand  of  them  alfembled  and  marched  towards  2'ork  ;  the  in¬ habitants  of  the  city  were  in  great  confternation  at  the  news,  not  knowing  whether  they fhould  keep  within  the  walls,  or  fally  forth  to  give  them  battle  before  their  numbers  in- creafed.  The  marquis  eafed  them  of  this  fear ;  for  making  a  fmall  draught  of  fome  choice men,  he  fell  upon  them  unexpectedly  in  the  night,  even  under  the  city  walls,  overthrew them,  killed  and  took  prifoners  great  numbers,  amongft  whom  was  their  leader  Robert  IIol- dern  ;  whofe  head  he  caufed  to  be  ftruck  off  before  one  of  the  city  gates.  This  was  a  piece of  policy  in  the  marquis,  which,  like  all  the  reft  of  his  future  conduCt,  was  unaccountable. To  have  joined  thefe  men,  thus  raifed,  feemed  the  faireft  way  to  execute  their  defigns  a- gainft  Edward ;  and  there  can  be  no  reafon  given  for  his  deftroying  of  them,  but  that  by this  aClion  he  might  gain  more  confidence  with  the  king,  in  order  to  work  his  downfall the  furer. However  this,  the  rebels  were  only  quelled  not  quafhed  ;  for  upon  the  death  of  their  lea¬ der,  the  eldeft  Ions  of  the  lord  Fitzhugh ,  and  Nevil  lord  Latimer ,  both  of  them  young  men, to  give  the  better  grace  to  their  enterprife,  were  chofen  to  command  them.  Thefe  two young  gentlemen  were  nigh  relations  to  the  earl  of  Warwick ,  the  one  his  nephew  and  the  o- ther  coufin  german,  but  yet  in  this  affair  they  were  fubordinate  to  the  direction  of  an  elder commander,  Sir  John  Conniers ,  whom  my  author  ftyles  one  of  the  valianteft  men  of  thole parts.  Thus  headed,  the  rebels  would  have  gone  again  to  York,  but  wanting  artillery  to batter  the  walls,  they  boldly  fet  forward  fouthward ;  and  the  wheel  thus  fet  on  motion  ne- ( q)  Several  orders,  grants,  &c.  are  in  the  Foedera,  da-  month  here,  after  the  battle,  to  fettle  affair?, ted  at  York }  which  proves  that  the  king  ftaid  ne.tr  a  (r)  Biondi.  Hall's  chroa. ver Chap. IV.  of  the  CITY  (/YORK. ver  flopped,  til!  Edward  was  cad  from  the  top  to  the  bottom  of  it.  Taken  prifoner  by the  earl  of  Warwick  he  was  committed  to  the  care  and  cuftody  of  the  archbifhop  of  Tork, who  placed  him  in  the  caftle  of  Middleham.  Where  being  too  flackly  guarded,  he  foon found  means  to  make  his  efcape,  and  fled  beyond  Teas,  for  protection,  to  his  aunt  the  duchefs of  Burgundy. Henry  was  now  once  again  re-inflated  in  his  kingly  dignity,  by  that  great  fetter  up  and  a. puller  down  of  kings,  Warwick,  and  changed  a  prifon  for  a  throne.  But  his  evil  fate  dif¬ fered  him  not  to  enjoy  it  long;  for  Edward ,  having  influenced  the  duke  of  Burgundy  to  lend him  an  aid  of  men  and  money,  fet  fail  and  landed  at  Ravenflurg ,  a  town  which  formerly flood  on  the  outmoft  promontory  of  the  Holdernefs  coaft  of  Torkfhire ,  with  twothoufand  fcl- diers  befides  mariners.  The  firfl  thing  he  did  was  to  fend  out  fome  light  horfe  to  defcry the  country  and  found  the  affeftions  of  the  inhabitants  ;  who  finding  them  very  averfe  to  his title,  and  perfectly  eafy  under  Henry ,  he  artfully  changed  his  note,  and  gave  out  that  he now  utterly  diiclaimed  his  regal  title,  and  came  only  to  gain  his  patrimonial  eflate  of  Tork  ; under  obedience  to  Henry,  l'his  politick  flep  had  its  effeCt,  every  one  admired  his  modera¬ tion,  and  thought  it  the  higheft  injuflice  to  keep  him  from  his  dukedom.  But  Warwick , though  he  heard  all  this,  believed  nothing  of  it,  and  fent  flriCl  orders  to  Tork  not  to  admit him  ;  with  the  like  charge  to  other  places.  To  his  brother  the  marquis,  who  lay  then  with a  great  army  at  Pontfrete ,  he  gave  command  to  march  immediately  and  fight  him  ;  which however  the  marquils  negleCted.  Edward  in  the  mean  time  was  advancing  towards  Tork , proclaiming  every  where  Henry  king,  and  fly  ling  himfelf,  only,  Duke  of  Tork.  Comino- near  the  city  he  was  met  on  the  road  by  two  iff)  Aldermen ,  who  were  fent  to  acquaint  him that  the  city  could  not  receive  him ,  but  that  they  were  obliged  to  do  him  all  poffible  mf chief  if  he came  that  way.  He  anfwered  them,  that  he  came  not  to  fight  againfl  the  king ,  nor  any  ways to  molejl  him ,  acknowledging  him  to  be  his  fovercign  lord ;  but  he  thought  he  might  very  well  enter into  the  duchy  oj  York,  his  anticnt  patrimony  ;  hoping ,  that  as  there  were  none  could  jufitly inhibit  him  this ,  fo  they  leaft  of  any ,  being  the  natural  fubjefts  of  his  houfe ,  from  whence  they had  at  all  times  received  all  manner  of  grace  and  favour.  The  aldermen  returned  with  this anlwer ,  and,  Edward  following  foftly  after,  in  an  inflant  the  citizens  minds  were  chang¬ ed ;  thofe  who  were  got  upon  the  walls  to  defend  them  againfl  him,  now  came  down to  be  his  guides  and  conductors,  and  to  keep  him  from  being  injured  by  any  one  (y).  Two of  the  citizens,  by  name  Robert  Clifford  and  Thomas  Burgh ,  were  fent  out  to  affaire  him  that he  might  fafely  advance,  for  no  man  would  hinder  his  admittance  into  the  city.  The  ma- giflrates,  however,  ufed  more  precaution,  for  at  his  coming  to  the  gates,  and  addrefling himfelf  to  them  with  his  ufual  affability,  ftiling  them  at  every  word,  fays  my  author, your wor flips,  they  told  him  they  would  readily  admit  him  if  he  would  fwear  to  two  things ; firfl,  to  preferve  the  city’s  liberties,  next,  to  be  obedient  and  faithful  to  all  Henry's,  com¬ mands.  This  oath,  however  bitter  the  potion  was,  he  fcrupled  not  to  fwallow,  relio-ion  in princes  ever  giving  way  to  their  interefl,  and  a  priefl  being  there  ready  for  the’ purpofe,  it was  given  him  at  the  city  gates  with  much  folemnity.  Nay  in  his  entrance  he  rode  diredlly to  the  cathedral,  and  there  in  a  more  folemn  manner  confirmed  it  at  the  altar.  This  wil¬ ful  perjury,  hiflorians  remark,  though  the  due  punifhment  of  it  was  witheld  from  Edward himfelf,  yet  fell  in  full  mealure  on  his  children.  Sir  Richard  Baker  indeed  excufes  this adlion  and  fays,  that  Edward  IV.  fwore  at  the  gates  of  Tork  that  he  came  only  to  feek  his own  inheritance ;  meaning  the  kingdom ,  and  not  his  dukedom  ;  by  which,  adds  that  hiflorian, he  was  not  forfworn  (z). Hall  in  his  chronicle  gives  the  conference  that  Edward  held  with  the  citizens  of  Tork  un¬ der  the  walls,  in  thefe  words. My  lord  mayor  and  you  worfhipful  aldermen,  for  each  of  you  is  fo,  (and  then  as  a good  nomenclator  had  many  of  their  names)  “  I  come  not  to  demand  the  kingdom  which “  1  dld  for  fome  Years  enj°)b  but  was  driven  out  of  it  by  the  fury  and  rafhnefs  of  the  earl “  of  Warwick  and  others;  lam  much  fatisfied  that  fuch  a  pinnacle  is  not  the  fafefl  flation, “  I  am  refolved  from  henceforth  to  (land  upon  lower  ground.  I  found  the  crown  clogged' “  wich  fo  many  cares  that  I  deem  it  not  worth  the  taking  up  again.  I  fhall  not  diflurbTcing “  Henry  in  that,  I  only  defire  my  own  town  and  my  proper  inheritance,  derived  to  me from  my  anceflors  the  dukes  of  Tork,  and  I  have  good  caufe  to  hope  that  you  the  lord- “  mayor,  worlhipful  aldermen,  and  citizens  will  aid  me  in  this.  This  noble  city  rs  in  all “  our  names,  you  the  lord-mayor,  aldermen,  fherifts,  and  citizens  of  Tork,  and  I  by  my “  right  duke  of  2'ork ;  this  is  all  the  favour  I  delire,  that  you  and  I  may  have  the  fame “  place  inferted  in  our  names  which  is The  lord-mayor  anfwered, “  Moll  noble  duke,  for  other  flyle  you  feem  not  to  require,  or  if  you  fliould  can  we “  acknowledge ;  we  are  very  fenfible  what  bloody  conflidls  have  been  for  the  crown,  which “  have  been  the  ball  of  contention  between  the  red  rofe  and  th  e.  white-,  I  name  the  red  rofe (y)  Hollingfl:end. (z)  Baker's  chron. G  g  ,  firfl. i  x)  Tollingfheai  fa\  s  it  was  Thomas  Cormiers ,  then rccouler  of  Tork,  who  met  Edward  in  this  manner;  but J  meet  with  no  fuch  name  in  the  catalogue  of  recorders. II4 A.  1471 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. “  firft,  becaufe  that  is  in  the  prefent  poffeffion,  and  if  you  fir  duke  Ihould  fit  on  foot  the claim  of  the  ■white  rofe  we  know  not  what  mifchief  might  follow  ;  fure  we  are  we  Ihould  if we  admit  you  be  blamed  by  king  Henry,  and  by  that  make-king  the  earl  of  Warwick whom  you  mention.  Therefore  in  few  words  this  is  our  refolution,  that  unlefs  you  will “  fwfr  not  t0  make  any  pretenfion  to  the  crown,  nor  diflurb  the  king  in  the  government “  and  not  prejudice  the  rights  and  privileges  of  this  city,  we  will  not  admit  you  to  en- “  ter  into  this  place. But  no  fooner  had  Edward  got  poiTeffion  of  the  city,  than  he  immediately  alTumed  his regal  title ;  and  having  cajoled  their  worjhips  into  the  loan  of  a  round  film  of  money  he  left a  fufficient  garrifon  in  it,  and  marched  fouthward.  The  marquis  Montacute  was  all  this time  afieep,  one  would  think,  at  Pontfrete ,  and  never  once  oppofed  him  in  his  pafiage Edward  not  curing  to  come  with  his  finall  army  into  his  teeth  at  Ferrybridge,  pafs'd  over the  river  Are  at  Cajlleford,  only  two  or  three  miles  higher,  without  the  leaft  refiftance I  his  conduft  of  the  marquis  might  make  one  fufpeft  that  he  ficretly  favoured  Edward's caule;  and  yet  the  battle  ot  Barnet ,  fought  foon  after,  where,  he  and  his  brother  Warwick Jolt  their  lives,  evinces  the  contrary.  Edward  having  gained  this  conqueft ,  and  fent  Henry once  more  to  the  tower,  where  the  butcher  Richard  took  care  to  fecure  him  from  any  more elopements,  reigned  peaceably  to  the  end  of  his  days. There  is  but  one  accident  more  regarding  us  in  the  remaining  part  of  this  king’s  reign which  though  no  hlftory  mentions,  one  of  our  old  fa)  regifters  tells  us,  that  (b)  Edward  ’on the  2o‘>  day  of  September,  1478,  made  a  progrefs  into  the  north  accompanied  with  a  very numerous  fuit  of  dukes,  marquifles,  earls  and  barons,  and  a  great  croud  of  other  courtiers He  was  met  m  his  journey  by  all  the  gentry  and  publick  officers  of  thel'e  parts,  and  amongft the  reft  by  (c)  John  herriby  then  lord-mayor  of  York,  who,  accompanied  with  many  of  the richeft  citizens,  went  as  far  as  IVentbridge  to  meet  him,  and  efcorted  him  to  Pontfrete. Upon  the  mayor’s  taking  his  leave,  the  king  allured  him  that  he  intended  to  vifit  his  loving iubjects  the  citizens  of  Fork.  In  a  week’s  time  the  king  with  all  his  nobles  came  to  the city  i  he  was  met  at  fome  diftance  by  the  lord-mayor,  aldermen  and  commonality  on  horfe- back  ;  and  by  the  reft  of  the  better  fort  of  citizens  on  horfcback  or  on  foot,  who  conduced the  king  with  loud  acclamations  into  the  city.  He  made  the  city  a  prefent  of  a  fum  of money  as  is  apparent,  fays  the  regifter,  in  the  city’s  book  of  that  year,  but  the  particular fum  is  here,  either  by  time  or  wilfulnefs,  obliterated.  The  king  llaid  a  few  days  in  Fork, and  then  let  forward  for  London. On  the  9"1  day  of  April ,  1483.  died  Edward  IV;  his  brother  Richard ,  whom  he  had lerc  protector  and  guardian  over  the  young  king  and  realm,  was  then  in  York  ( d );  and  here had  a  folcmn  funeral  requiem  performed  in  the  catheral  for  the  repofe  of  his  brother’s  foul. It  was  here  alfo  that  the  duke  of  Buckingham  fent  a  trufty  fervant,  one  Percival ,  fays  Hall to  inftill  thofe  notions  of  ambition  into  him,  which  afterwards  proved  of  fuch  dire  effect to  his  nephews  as  well  as  himfelf. But  it  is  plain  that  Richard  had  laid  his  fchemes  for  obtaining  the  crown  even  before  his brother’s  death  ;  and  fome  of  his  evil  machinations,  affedling  our  city  in  particular,  I  lhall beg  leave  to  give  them,  as  a  talte  of  thofe  times,  from  an  old  record  not  yet  delivered down  in  print  by  any  hiftorian  that  I  know  of(e). By  a  depofition  taken  the  i4,h  of  February ,  1482,  it  appears  that  his  proie&s  were  work¬ ing  in  our  city,  the  fubftance  of  which  is  as  follows, (f)  “  Memorandum  that  the  14'”  day  of  February ,  in  the  twenty  fecond  year  of  kino- “  Edward  IV.  came  afore  (g)John  MarJhalL  lieutenant,  Robert  Rede  Gyrdewlcr ,  unto  the council  chamber  with  odyr  perfons  with  him  ;  and  then  and  there  Ihewyd,  how  that  Wil- “  ham  Welles  carpenter  ihould  report,  that  the  laft  day  of  January  laft  paft,  lytyn^  at  the “  AlJ  at  Edcn  BerJs  Gotbery  rugate,  that  one  afkyd  and  laid  emong  the  fellifhip  fityn<r  at Ale,  fyrs  whome  lhall  we  have  to  our  mair  this  yere?  whereunto  anfwered  and°faid “  StePhe>l  Hodgfon,  fyrs  methyng,  and  it  pleafe  the  commons,  I  wodd  we  had  matter IVrangwiJh ,  for  he  is  the  mair  that  my  lord  of  Gloucejler  will  do  for,  &c." The  whole  depofition  is  too  long  to  infert,  but  it  is  obvious  by  this  part  of  it,  that  there were  fome  underhand  dealings  in  the  city  in  Richard's  favour,  as  the  confequence  will  fhew  ; an  take  notice  that  this  Thomas  Wrangwijh  was  made  mayor  the  year  after,  and  aflifted at  Richard's  coronation  in  York. Soon  after  his  brother’s  deatli  Richard  began  to  fhew  himfelf  more  openly  ;  and  by  takinc from  about  his  nephews  their  furell  friends,  the  queen  their  mother,  and  her  brethren! made  way  for  his  own  ambition.  At  this  time  he  thought  it  his  intereft  to  cajole  the  whole kingdom  with  kind  letters,  fair  fpeeches  and  promifts,  in  order  to  bring  them  the  more leadify  over  to  countenance  his  defigns.  I'ork  and  the  northern  parts  were  his  ftrongeft ( a)  Ex  regift,  in  cuftod.  civium  Ebor. (b)  The  regiftrarian  gives  the  king  this  pompous  title, MuflriJJimus ,  ac  utl  fama  omnium  fert  mctuendiffimus, ac  chrijiianijjimui  Edfvardus  rex,  fee. (c)  A.  1478,  John  Ferriby  mayor,  cat.  of  mayors. A obi/is  hujufee  alrnae  urbis  fa  vice  major.  Regift.  Ebor. ( a)  HoUing/head. (e)  In  the  chamber  on  Oufcb ridge. (f)  Ex  chart,  in  cullud.  com.  Ebor. (g)  Deputy  mayor,  I  fuppofe,  for  he  had  been  lord- mayor  two  years  before.  Cat.  of  mayors. attach- Chap.  IV.  of  the  Cl  TY  of  YORK.  nj attachment,  and  in  order  to  make  the  city  more  in  his  intereft,  a  remarkable  letter  was  A. fent  from  him  and  delivered  in  great  form  to  the  lord-mayor,  by  'Thomas  Brackenbury ,  one of  his  creatures,  which  I  lhall  give  from  the  manufeript,  as  far  as  it  is  legible,  verbatim. (b)  “  The  duke  of  Gloucefter,  brother  and  uncle  of  kings  pro! eclour  and  defenfour ,  grett chamberleyne ,  conjlable,  and  lord  high  admiral  of  England. “  Ighttrufty  and  well  beloved,  wee  grett  you  wele.  Wheras  by  your  letter  of  fupplica- ci  tion  to  us,  delivered  by  our  fervant  John  Brackenbury ,  wee  underftaund  that  by  reafon “  of  your  great  charges  thatyee  have  had  and  fufteined,  as  well  in  the  defence  of  this  realm cc  again  ft  the  Scottes  as  otherways,  your  worlhipful  citty  remains  greatly  unpaid  for,  and “  the  which  yee  defire  us  to  be  gud  mover  unto  the  king’s  grace,  for  any  eafe  of  fuch charges  as  yee  yerely  bere  and  pay  unto  his  grace’s-highnefs.  Wee  let  you  wott  that “  for  fuch  great  matter  and  buifneffes,  and  wee  now  have  to  doe  for  the  wele  and  ufeful- <<  nefs  of  the  realme,  we  as  yet  ne  can  have  convenient  leifure  to  accomplilh  this  your  be- “  finds,  but  be  allured  that  for  your  kind  and  lufyng  difpofition  to  us  at  all  tymes  (hewed, “  which  wee  never  can  forgett,  wee  in  all  gudly  hafte  lhall  fo  endeavour  for  your  eafe  in cc  this  behalf  as  that . yee  lhall  veryly  underftand  we  be  your  efpecial  gud  and “  lufyng  lord,  as  our  faid  friend  lhall  fhew  you;  towhomeit  wod  lyke  you  hym  to  give “  further  credence  to,  and  for  your  diligent  fervice  which  he  hath  done  to  our  lingular “  plefure  unto  us  at  this  time,  we  pray  you  to  give  unto  him  laud  and  thanks,  and  God “  keep  you. “  Given  under  ourfignet  at  the  tower  of  London  this  8,h  day  of  June. Superfcribed. il  To  our  trufiy  and  well-beloved  the  many  aldermen ,  fherifls  and  commonality  of  the  city “  of  York.” This  letter  was  artfully  contrived  to  curry  favour  with  the  citizens  of  lork ,  at  a  very critical  juncture  ;  and  it  was  foon  followed  by  another  of  a  different  nature  which  the  lame record  gives  in  thefe  words.  , “  Memorandum  the  1.5th  of  June  in  the  firft  yere  of  the  reign  of  Edward  V.  Richard “  Ratcliff ,  Knt.  delivered  to  John  Newton  mair  a  letter  from  the  duke  of  Gloucefire ,  the “  tenour  of  which  enfueth. (i )  “  The  due  o/Glouceftre,  brother  and  uncle  ofkinges  proteElour ,  defenfour,  gret  chamberleyne , “  conjlable ,  and  admiral  of  England. Right  trufty  and  well  beloved,  wee  greet  you  well.  And  as  you  love  the  wele  of  us, and  the  wele  and  furety  of  your  own  felf,  we  heartily  pray  you  to  come  up  unto  us “  to  London ,  in  all  the  diligence  ye  can  poflible,  after  the  fight  hereof,  with  as  many  as “  ye  can  make  defenfibly  arrayed,  there  to  aid  and  affift  us  againft  the  queen,  her  bloody tc  adherents,  and  affinity,  which  have  entended,  and  dayly  do  entend,  to  murder  and  ut- “  terly  deftroy  us,  and  our  coufyn  the  due  of  Buckingham ,  and  the  old  royal  blood  of  this «  realm  ;  and  as  is  now  openly  known  by  their  fubtle  and  dampnable  wais  forecafted  the “  fame,  and  alfo  the  final  deftrudlion  and  dilherifon  of  you,  and  allodyr  the  enheritors  and “  men  of  honour,  as  well  of  the  north  parts  as  odyr  countrees,  that  belongen  unto  us,  as tc  our  trufty  fervant  this  bearer  lhall  more  at  large  fhew  you,  to  whom  we  pray  you  to “  give  credence,  and  as  ever  we  may  do  for  you  in  tym  comyng,  fail  not  but  hafte  you  to “  us. “  Given  under  our  fignet  at  London  the  ioIh  of  June. The  reader  may  obferve  that  this  letter  is  dated  but  two  days  after  the  former,  fo  that the  proteftor’s  danger  came  very  fuddenly  upon  him,  if  he  did  not  know  it  when  he  wrote the  firft;  but  his  fallacy  and  policy  is  now  eafily  feen  through  (k).  Sir  Richard  Radcliff , had  brought  the  queen’s  relations  down  to  Pontefraft-caftle  and  imprifoned  them,  from whence  he  came  to  Tofk  and  delivered  this  letter  to  the  mayor,  and  my  manufeript  fays* that  it  was  agreed  betwixt  them,  that  fuch  forces  as  the  city  could  raife,  of  fuch  a  hidden, lhould  be  on  the  Wednefday  night  next  at  Pontfrete ,  where  the  earl  of  Northumberland  waited for  them  to  condudt  them  and  others  to  London.  I  find  the  proclamation  for  railing  them in  thefe  words, (l)  “  Forma  proclamat.  faSfae  in  chit.  19  die  menfis  Junii  anno  regni  regis  Edwardi  quinti tc  primo.  Sequitur  in  his  verbis. tc  'Diehard  brother  and  unkill  of  kinges,  due  of  Gloucefire ,  proteftour,  defendour,  gret “  V  chamberleyne,  conftabill  and  admirall  of  England ,  ftraitly  charge  and  command “  all  manner  of  men,  in  their  bell  defenfible  array,  incontenent  after  this  proclamation «  made,  do  rife  and  come  up  to  London  to  his  highnefs  in  company  of  his  coufyne  the  earl 8. (b)  Ex  libro  chart,  in  cuftod.  corfi’.  Eber. (:)  Ex  eodem. (k)  Ex  eodem. (l)  Ex  eodem. “  of 1 1 6 A.  .483. The HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES BookI. o,  ..orivumherland, 1  the  lord  Kuril,  and  odyr  men  of  worlhip  by  his  highnefi  appointed „  ',l  t0  Jld  and  affift  h‘m  t0  the  fubdewing,  correfting  and  punnifhing  the  qu-ne  her „  blo,de,an,d  odyr  hyr  adherents,  which  hath  intended  and  dayly  doth  intend  m  murthu? and  utterly  dekroy  his  royal  perfon,  his  coufyne  the  due  of  Buckingham,  and  odyr  of old  royal  blode  oi  tins  realm;  as  alfoe  the  nobillmen  of  their  companys;  and  ask  is  no tably  known  by  many  fubt.ll  and  dampnabill  wais  forecaked  the  fame,  andalfo  the  final ..  dcil™f 1 °.n  and  didierylon  ot  them  and  ol  all  others  the  inheritors  and  men  of  honour as  we  1  ot  thefe  north  parts  as  of  other  cuntrees  that  belongen  them.  And  then-lore  in H  and  come  up  as  yce  love  you°r  honour,  weles  and  furetys and  the  luretys  of  yourfelf  and  the  commonweil  of  this  realm.”  ^  s What  effeft  this  proclamation  produced  hiftory  informs  us,  which,  though  not  much  to the  credit  ot  my  fellow  citizens,  mult  be  given.  It  is  true  that  George  Buck  Efq'  who “T"  panegyrical  account  of  this  king’s  reign,  calls  them  four  thoufand  genttmm  of  the who  came  up  to  affift  at  ^ArJ’scoronati0,,  pm)  Halj  a[)d  G>a/«/fay  there  were urld  fiv the'v  "hf lk/°PPro.Dri“I1y  of  our  countrymen,  evil  apparelled  and  veorfe  bjr atthis  dm  e  h  lot  u  were  °f,he  id,Mers-  I")  F«K»*  who  lived •  ‘  Pr°babIy  |JW  th,s  armament,  being  a  /  . niter,  has  left  this  account  of t  l‘m*  !  1  ,I0f  to  fruff  tljc  Londoner  fo>  fcar  of  thg  nticcncs  Mnnn  a,,?, oflicrt :  ofuitnr!)  l;c  hao  jeloufpe,  ijc  lent  foj  a  ffrcntlj  of  men  out  of  flic  no’tli  tzhe  tthirh r,an  LL  «  a  lT  tef02c  l)!S  aim  mutter*  in  the  M  „ .,mt  foti,  tijoufanti  men  tn  their  beff  jacks  am  rutty  fallctts:  luttli  a  fetu  in  tuhite  harnrfTc isi’ssfxsi.ffess:;"  -  *»  »• This  place  he  feemed,  if  the  hypocrite  could  ever  be  fm- 5  P*y  n  extraordinary  regard  to,  though,  according  to  Rapin,  his  pretence  of  o-0 hi!no°rrnT,r.t0  juftice  every  where;  nor  could  he  help  executing  fome^f 7,  ,  j  In,  °,.lels’  who  in  their  march  back  from  London  had  committed  great  outrages made  ,1,  progrefs  by  Wtndfor,  Oxford,  Coventry  to  Nottingham-,  during  this  1 he rable  murder  of  the  two  young  princes  was  perpetrated  in  the  tower  ;  a  fail  fo  horrid S,; :o"g“e  m“ft  falfer>  and  every  hand  tremble  that  either  fpeaks  or  writes  of  k From  Nottingham  l  find  a  letter  m  the  fame  record,  wrote  by  his  fecretary  to  kir  up  a  zeai ,he  at,zens  Of  Tort,  towards  his  better  reception  there.  The  letter  is  an  original  mdeed and  proves  the  fecretary  worthy  of  the  maker.  g  inaeed, (0)  “  To  the  gitde  maftert  the  main,  recorder,  and  aldermen,  and  Jhcrifs  of  the  cite  of “  York.  J recommend  me  unto  you  as  heartyly  as  I  can.  Thanked  be  Jefu  the  king’s  -race  is „  -  „  •“  g°od  beilltn’  “  f  llkewlfe  the  qoeenes  grace,  and  in  all  their  progrefs  havebyn worfhipfully  refeyved  with  pageants  and  odyr,  He.  And  his  lords  and  judges  in  every ..  aP]aink Tfaw^Th^r  f  ““Pkynt«, of  pore  folkes  with  due  punicionof  offenders „  .  ,hwej-  The  £aPfe  1  writ  to  you  now  is,  for  fo  much  as  I  veryly  know  the rir.8  Sr  mlnd  a"d  ent,rc  that  hls  grate  beareth  towards  you  and  yJut  worfhipful h;’tmaf0,d  yOUf  klnd  andlovyndefynings  to  his  grace,  (hewed  heretofore,  which „  ,  ■  0  .  1  ntvcr  and  mtendeth  therefore  foe  to  doe  unto  you,  that  all  the «  L  S  ,  ’  ever  re,gned  beflpwed  upon  you  did  they  never  foe  much ;  doubt  not  hereof „  "  raakP  ne  manner  of  petition  or  defire  of  any  thing  by  his  highnefs  to  you  to  be “  him11"16/']  BUt  thlsIadVlfc  y°U’  as  laudably  as  your  wifdom  can  imagin/to  receive «  J  ?d  ?C  qUeen  at  thT  com'"g'  dlfP0fe  you  to  do  as  well  with  pageants  with  fuch “  fomis'mff’  as  “n  gudely,  this  fhort  warning  confidered,  be  devifed  and  under  fuch “  ofmv  m^f  i  e  kcng  C0Uncdl  thisbrynger  fliall  fumwhat advertife you “  l7r„m  h  1  bfhalf;,aS  m  han§ynS  the  ftreeKS  through  which  the  king’s  grace “  fo*ern  lords  and  C  O  h“f  °f  taI’Pc/lre  work  and  other ;  for  there  comen  many lt  ?  e  n  lolds  \nd  me"  worlhip  with  them,  which  will  mark  greatly  your  refayvincr -  Me,naded,  no;  thus  to  udfife  you,  howbeit  many  things  I  ftew  y0J  thiS „  “11  other  'eJY  and  fortI;o  Angular  zele  and  We  which  I  beer  to  you  and  your  cite  afore a11  ,other-  1  e  fta11  wel1  kn°w,  that  I  (hall  not  forbere  calling  on  his  grace  for  voir i  rraS’fctrh^o"  r  “  ,mafer  fhall  fhew  you  which  in  part  hfard  the  kfng’ f  l  VP  k  h  d  a  ’  7  7hT  touching  the  premiffes  it  may  like  you  .  . in  hake  the  23  day  of  AuguJUt  Nottingham,  with  the  hand  of  your  friend  and  lover, John  Kendale ,  fecretary.” (n)  Kennel's  hid.  of  England.  p  u rrr  t  n  nr  -  , W  R‘bm  FM‘"  ^  hi.  chronicle  the  I,ll  of  *  W  ^ T This Chap. IV.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  117 This  letter  needs  no  comment;  it  mult  produce  an  extraordinary  emulation  in  our  A.  us-, citizens  tooutvy  other  places,  and  even  one  another  in  the  pomp  and  ceremony  oi'the  king’s reception  ;  but  I  cannot  meet  with  a  particular  account  of  it  in  our  records.  Mr.  Buck, whom  I  have  quoted  before,  lays,  that  Richard  coming  to  the  goodly  and  antient  city  o, Tork ,  the  fcope  and  goal  of  his  progrefs,  he  was  received  with  all  poffible  honour  and  fe~ ftivity.  And  now  all  things  are  preparing  for  the  coronation,  in  order  for  which  the  king lent  from  Tork ,  on  the  laft:  day  of  Augujl ,  to  Piers  Courteis  keeper  of  his  wardrobe  this  order following  (jp “  By  the  KING. “  ittE  wol  and  charge  you  to  deliver  to  the  bryngers  hereof  for  us  the  pnrcells  fol- vV  “  lowing.  That  is  to  fay,  one  doublett  of  purple  fattin  lined  with  Holla i .<• “  cloth,  and  enterlined  with  bufke.  One  doublett  of  tawney  fattin,  lined  in  likewife.  Two “  fhort  gowns  of  crymfyn  cloth  of  gold;  the  one  with  drippis,  and  the  other  with  netts, “  lined  with  green  velvet.  One  cloak  with  a  cape  of  velvet  ingrayned;  the  bow  lined  with 11  black  velvet.  One  ftomacher  of  purple  fattin,  and  one  ftomacher  of  tawney  fattin.  One t£  gown  of  green  velvet  lined  with  tawney  fattin.  One  yard  and  three  quarters  courfe  of “  fike  (filk)  medled  with  gold,  and  as  much  black  corfe  of  filk  for  our  fpurs.  Two  yards “  and  Half  and  three  nayles  of  white  cloth  of  gold,  for  a  crynelze  for  a  borde.  Five  yards “  of  black  velvet  for  the  lining  of  a  gown  of  green  fattin.  One  plakard  made  of  part “  of  the  faid  two  yards;  and  one  half  and  two  nayles  of  white  cloth  of  gold  lined  with “  buckram.  Three  pair  of  fpurrs,  fhort  all  gilt;  two  pair  of  fpurs  long  white  pafcell  gilt. “  Two  yards  of  black  buckram  for  amending  of  the  lining  of  diverfe  trappers.  One  ban- “  ner  of  farfanet  of  our  lady  ;  one  banner  of  the  trinity;  one  banner  of  St.  George ;  one “  banner  of  St.  Edward  ;  one  of  St.  Cutbert ;  one  of  our  own  arms,  all  farcenet.  Three  coats “  of  arms  beaten  with  fine  gold  for  owr  own  perfon.  Five  coat  armors  for  heralds  lined “  with  buckram.  Forty  trumpet  banners  of  farcenett.  Seven  hundred  and  forty  penfills “  of  buckram  ;  three  hundred  and  fifty  penfills  of  tarter.  Four  ftandards  of  farcenett  with “  boars.  Thirteen  thoufand  quinyfans  of  fuftian  with  boars.  And  thefe  our  letters,  & fc.” How  this  cargo  of  extraordinary  garniture  was  ufed  is  not  fo  particularly  known  ;  but we  may  fuppofe  that  the  coronation  was  performed  with  great  magnificence.  Hall  indeed tells  us,  (q)  that  Richard  was  received  at  Tork  with  great  pomp  and  triumph,  by  the  citizens^ That  at  the  day  of  his  coronation,  which  by  proclamation  he  had  invited  the  whole  coun¬ try  to  come  to,  the  clergy  of  the  church  in  their  richeft  copes,  and  with  a  reverend  cere¬ mony  went  about  the  ftreets  in  procefiion.  After  whom  followed  the  king  with  his  crown and  feeptre,  apparelled  in  his  furcoat  robe  royal,  accompanied  with  a  great  number  of  the nobility  of  the  realm.  Then  followed  queen  Anne  his  wife,  crowned  likewife,  leading  in her  left  hand  prince  Edward  her  fon,  having  on  his  head  a  demy  crown  appointed  for  the degree  of  a  prince.  In  this  manner  they  marched  to  the  cathedral,  where  archbifhop  Ro- thoram  fet  the  crown  on  Richard's  head  in  the  chapter-houfe  ( r).  On  the  fame  day  was Edward  his  fon,  a  youth  of  ten  years  of  age,  inverted  with  the  principality  of  Wales  by  a golden  rod  and  a  coronet  of  gold,  and  other  enfigns.  The  king  now  knighted  Gaufridus de  Safiola  ambaffador  from  the  queen  of  Spain,  being  prefent  at  this  folemnity,  by  putting a  collar  of  gold  about  his  neck,  and  ftriking  three  times  upon  his  Ihoulders  with  his  fword  ; and  by  other  marks  of  honour,  according  to  the  Englifh  cuftom,  with  agreeable  words added  (s).  In  teftimony  whereof,  the  king  gave  him  his  letters  patents  dated  at  his  court at  Tork.  He  all'o  here  knighted  Richard ,  furnamed  of  Glocejler  (7),  his  bajlard  J'on  ;  and many  gentlemen  of  thefe  parts.  The  lords  fpiritual  and  temporal  of  the  realm  were  pre¬ fent  on  this  folemn  occafion  ;  and  indeed  it  was  a  day  of  great  ftate,  fays  Pclidore  Vergil * there  being  then  three  princes  in  Tork  wearing  crowns,  the  king,  the  queen,  and  prince  of Wales.  And  now  followed  tilts  and  tournaments,  mafques,  revels  and  ftage-plays,  with other  triumphant  fports,  with  feafting  to  the  utmoft  prodigality.  In  which  was  fquandered away  all  that  treafure,  which  his  glorious  brother  had  for  many  years  been  collecting  with great  lkill  and  induftry  ;  and  being  left  by  his  laft  will  to  the  dilpofition  of  his  executors, was  fnatched  up  by  Richard  at  his  intrufion  into  the  kingdom,  fays  my  authority,  which runs  contemporary  with  thefe  times,  and  wafted  in  this  manner  (u). ( p)  Kcnnet's  notes  on  G.  Buck,  Efq; ( q)  Hull's  chron. (r)  September  8,  1483. (s)  Kennet  on  Buck. ( t)  This  Richard  of  Gloucefler ,  baflard  fon  to  king Richard,  who  is  no  where  elfe,  that  I  know  of,  men¬ tioned  by  hillorians,  nor  is  his  mother  taken  notice  of at  all,  has  a  very  odd  account  given  of  the  courfe  of  life, he  was  driven  to  take  after  his  father  was  flain.  It  is  laid he  bound  himfelf  apprentice  to  a  bricklayer,  and  actually worked  at  that  trade  for  levera]  years.  Till  at  length  being : mind  out,  a  gentleman  took  pity  of  him,  andfuflered  him 1  •  build  a  houle  in  his  park,  in  which  he  lived  and  died. '1  lie  Kory  at  length  is  given  in  the  reverend  Mr.  Peck's dejiderata  curiofa  v.  2.  Some  better  memorials  of  it  may be  had  from  the  right  honourable  the  earl  of  IVinchelfca ; in  whofe  noble  park  of  Eajituell  in  Kent,  this  Richard P/antagenet,  as  the  parilh  regifter  calls  him,  reftded  and ended  his  days. (u)  Non  deer  ant  tunc  thefauri  ulli  quibus  tarn  ele- vatae  mentis  fuae  propojiturn  adimpleret ;  cum  ea  quae gloriojtjjtmus  rex  Edwardus  frater  fuus,  fummo  ingenio, Jummaque  indujlria  multis  ante  ahnis  collegerat,  quaeque ad  complimentum  fuae  ultimae  voluntatis  fuorurn  executo- rum  difpofitioni  commifferat,  ijle  quant  prirnum  de  fua  in- trujione  in  regnum  cogitavit,  omnia  airipuit .  Hilt  Croy. cont. H  h Before nf! A.  148 the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. Before  Richard  left  York  he  did  not  forget  the  promife,  made  by  him  and  his  fecretary to  the  city  and  citizens,  for  old  fcrvices  and  new  ;  and  willing  to  do  fome  extraordinary- bounty  to  them,  I  find  this,  imperfect,  memorial  of  it. 44  Memorandum,  That  the  xvii;h  day  of  the  month  of  September  in  the  firft  yere  of  the 44  reign  of  king  Richard  the  third,  John  Newton  then  being  mair  of  the  cite  of  York ,  our 44  liiid  fovereign  lord  the  king,  ot  his  mod  fpecial  gude  grace,  remembring  the  gudefer vice' 44  that  the  fa  id  cite  hath  don  to  his  gude  grace . made  to 44  defray  and  fitt  in  the  yorney  made  in  the  fame  yere  to  Edenburg  and . “ . . . to  London  to  the  coronation  of  his  gude “  grace  •,  callid  afore  his  gude  grace  the  laid  day  to  the  chapter  houfeof  the  cathedral  church 44  of  S.  Peter  in  York ,  the  laid  mair,  his  bredyr  the  aldermen,  and  mong  other  the  commons 44  of  the  fiid  cite,  and  then  and  there  our  laid  fovereign  lord  openly  reherfed  the  laid  lervice “  to  his  gude  grace  don,  and  alfo  the  dekay  and  the  great  poverty  of  the  faid  cite,  of  his “  mod  fpecial  gude  grace  without  any  petition  or  afleing  of  any  thing  by  the  faid  mair “  or  any  odyr,  our  faid  fovereign  lord  only  of  his  abundant  grace  molt  gracioufly  and  ha- 44  bundantly  granted  and  gave  in  relief  of  the  faid  cite  in  efyng  of  the  gCoIIS,  Outage,  li5u* 44  cfjcr-pcnnvs  and  fgifeaitgtlD  of  the  flidcite  yerely  xxiii  /.  xi  s.  ii d.  for  evyr,  that  is  to  fay “  for  the  murage  xx/.  and  the  refidue  to  the  Iheriffs,  fo  that  from  thence  forward  it  Ihold 14  be  lefull  to  every  perfon  coming  to  the  faid  cite  with  their  guds  and  cattell,  and  them 44  freely  to  fell  in  the  fame  without  any  thing  gratifying  ....  or  paying  for  toll  or 44  murage  of  any  of  the  faid  guds;  and  his  grace . molt  gracioufly 44  granted  to  the  mair  and  commonality  of  the  laid  cite  yerely  xl/.  for  ever,  to  the  behoof “  of  the  commonality  and  chamber  of  the  faid  cite ;  and  yerely  to  the  mair  for  the  tyme  be- 44  ing,  as  his  chief  ferjeantat  ayrms,  xii  d.  of  the  day,  that  is  to  fay  by  the  yere  xviii/.  vij.  (y) It  is  a  true  though  a  homely  proverb,  that  it  is  an  ill  wind  brings  no  body  -profit.  Richard's munificence  to  our  city  at  this  time,  whether  it  proceeded  from  gratitude  or  policy,  was  a truly  royal  gift :  I  never  found  him,  amongft  all  his  other  vices,  taxed  with  covetoufnefs; and  he  had  many  reafons,  both  on  his  own  and  family’s  account  to  induce  him  even  to  do more  for  a  city,  which  had  always  fignalized  itfelf  in  the  intereft  of  his  houfe.  Every  one that  is  acquainted  with  Englijh  hiftory  mult  know,  that  there  is  hardly  any  part  of  it  fo  dark as  the  fliort  reign  of  this  king.  The  Lancafirian  party,  which  deftroyed  and  fucceeded him,  took  care  to  fupprefs  his  vertues,  and  to  paint  his  vices  in  the  molt  glaring  colours. A  countryman  of  ours  has  endeavoured  to  vindicate  his  memory  from  the  load  of  black  ca¬ lumnies  thrown  upon  it;  but  in  this  I  think  the  herald  has  far  overlhot  his  mark.  How¬ ever,  what  opinion  our  citizens  of  York  had  of  king  Richard  at  that  time,  will  belt  appear by  their  own  records  ;  in  which  they  took  care  to  regifter  every  particular  letter  and  mef- fage  they  received  from  him.  And  as  his  fate  drew  nigh  they  endeavoured  to  Ihew  their loyalty,  or  their  gratitude,  to  this  prince  in  the  belt  manner  they  were  able.  Some  more letters  which  were  fent  to  the  mayor  and  citizens  when  the  commotions  begun,  as  likewife their  daily  orders  in  council,  about  the  ftate  of  affairs,  to  the  king’s  death  and  after,  may not  be  unacceptable  to  the  reader  in  a  literal  extraft  from  the  city’s  regifters  as  follows  (z) : Very  foon  after  Richard  had  been  crowned  at  York ,  the  duke  of  Buckingham  took  up  arms againft  him  ;  of  which  infurretftion  the  king  fent  notice  to  the  citizens  of  York.  A  memori¬ al  of  it  I  find  entered  in  the  records  as  follows  : 44  Mem.  13  OB.  1  Rich.  III.  John  Otyr  yeoman  of  the  crown  brought  the  following  letter 14  to  the  lord-maior,  aldermen,  Iheriffs,  and  comunality. 44  By  the  KING. ■  •  and  right  wel-beloved,  we  grete  ye  wele,  and  let  ye  wit  that  the  duke  of  Bucking - I  44  ham  traiteroufly  is  turned  upon  us,  contrary  to  the  dute  of  his  legeance,  and  en- 44  tendeth  the  utter  diftrudtion  of  us,  you,  and  all  other  our  true  fubgietts  that  have  taken 44  our  part ;  whofe  traiterous  entent  we  with  God’s  grace  entend  briefly  to  refill  and (x )  F.x  chart,  fupra  di£t. (y)  To  give  the  reader  a  better  notion  of  the  value  of llide  royal  gifts  take  this  computus  from  the  Chronicon  pre- l.  s.  d. A.  1 463 .  at  London  wheat  was  by  the  quarter  00  02  00 barley  per  quarter  do  01  10 peafe  the  quarter  00  03  04 oats  the  quarter  00  01  02 So  that  the  value  of  one  (hilling,  even  in  the  time  of  the civil  wars,  bought  one  quarter  of  barley  or  oats,  which t  iakes  the  donation  very  confiderable. )  Thcfe  regilters  are  to  be  found  according  to  the tiefum  of  b\(hop  Fleetwood,  of  what  price  corn  bore,  in  the fouth  of  England,  An.  1463.  juft  twenty  years  before this. /.  i.  d. At  Norfolk  the  fame  year,  wheat  per  quarter  0001  oS barley  -  00  01  00 malt  - •  00  01  oS oats,  Mr.  Stow,  00  01  00 date  of  the  year  in  the  chamber  on  Oufe-bridge.  What regifter  the  following  is  chiefly  collected  from,  is  marked ab  anno  1479.  ad  1485.  R.  but  it  is  imperfedt  towards  the end. 44  fubdue Chap. IV.  of  tie  CITY  of  YORK. “  fubdue.  We  defire  and  pray  you  in  our  hearty  wife  that  yee  will  fend  unto  us  as  ma- “  ny  men  defenfibly  arraied  on  horfeback  as  ye  may  godely  make  to  our  town  of  Leicejlre “  the  21  day  of  this  prefent  month  withouten  fail,  as  ye  will  tendre  our  honner  and  your “  own  wele,  and  wee  fhall  fo  fee  you  paid  lor  your  reward  and  charges  as  yee  fhall  hold  yee “  wele  content.  Geving  further  credence  to  our  trufty  purfuvant  thisbercr. “  Geven  under  our  fignet  at  our  cite  of  Lincoln  the  xi th  day  of  October. Superfcribed, 11  To  our  trufty  and  right  well  beloved  the  maire ,  aldermen ,  fheriffs  and  communal;  ie  of  tie “  citie  of  York. A  proclamation  under  the  privy  feal  dated  at  Lincoln  OElober  15,  declaring  the  duke  of Buckingham  a  traitor,  was  proclaimed  at  York  Oftober  16,  fays  the  record',  but  the  diftance makes  it  feem  fcarce  pofiible. In  the  fame  records  I  find  another  letter  dated  April  the  xi'h,  which  mull  be  in  the  year 1484,  when  the  tide  was  beginning  to  turn  againft  king  Richard ,  giving  an  account  of  the number  of  lyes,  as  he  exprelfes  himfelf,  and  contumelious  fpeeches  which  were  then  fpread abroad  againft  him.  Requiring  the  magiftrates  of  this  city  to  fupprefs  all  fuch  flanders, and  to  take  up  the  fpreaders  of  it.  The  letter  is  a  very  particular  one  ;  and  fliews  the  depth of  policy  in  this  king’s  reign  more  than  any  thing  that  I  have  yet  leen  publifhed  of  it.  I fhall  give  this,  alfo,  verbatim. 44  Rufty  and  welbeloved,  we  grete  you  wele.  And  where  it  is  foe  that  diverfe  fedi- -*■  44  tious  and  evil  difpofed  perfonnes,  both  in  our  citie  of  London  and  elfwhere,  with- 44  in  this  our  realme,  enforce  themfelfs  daily  to  fowe  fede  of  noife  and  difclaindre  agayneft 44  our  perfone,  and  agenft  many  of  the  lords  and  eftates  of  our  land  to  abufe  the  multitude 44  of  ourfubgettsand  alter  there  mynds  from  us,  if  they  could  by  any  meane  atteyne  to  that “  there  mifchevous  entent  and  purpofe  ;  fome  by  fetting  up  of  billes,  fome  by  meflage  and 44  fending  furth  of  falfe  and  abhominable  langage  and  lyes-,  fome  by  bold  and  prefumptu- 44  ous  opene  fpech,  wherthewyth  the  innocent  people,  whiche  wold  Jive  in  reft  and  peas, 44  and  truly  undre  our  obbeifiance  as  they  oght  to  do,  being  gretely  abufed,  and  oft  tymes “  put  in  daungeresof  there  lives  landesand  goods,  as  ofte  as  they  folowe  the  ftepps  and  de- 44  vifes  oi  the  faid  feditious  and  mifchevous  perfones,  to  our  hevynefle  and  pitie.  For  re- “  medy  wherof,  and  to  thentent  the  truth  openlye  declared  fhuld  reprefle  all  fuehe  falfe  and 44  contrived  inventions,  we  now  of  late  called  before  us  the  maire  and  aldermen  of  our  ci- “  tie  of  London ,  togidder  with  the  mooft  fidde  and  difgrete  perfones  of  the  fame  citie  in 44  grete  numbre,  being  prefent  many  of  the  lords  fpiritual  and  temporal  of  our  land,  and  the 44  fubftance  of  all  our  houiholde,  to  whom  we  largely  fhewed  our  true  erltent  and  mynde 44  in  all  fuche  thinges  which  the  faide  noife  and  difclandre  renne  upon,  in  fuch  wife  as  we 44  doubt  not  all  wel  difpofed  perfones  were  and  be  therwith  right  wele  content.  Where  we 44  alfoe  at  the  fame  tyme  gafe  ftraitly  in  charge  as  well  to  the  faid  maire  as  to  all  other  our “  officers,  fervants  and  faithfull  lubgettes,  wherfoere  they  be,  that  from  hensfurth  as  ofte  as 44  they  find  any  perfone  fpeking  of  us,  or  any  other  lord  or  eftateof  thisoUr  land,  othcrwayes, “  then  is  according  to  honour,  trouth  and  the  peas  and  ritefullnefle  of  this  our  realme,  or 44  telling  of  tales  and  tidings  wherby  the  people  might  be  ftirred  to  commotions  and  unlaw- 44  full  aifembles,  or  any  ft  rife  and  debate  arife  between  lord  and  lord,  or  us  and  any  of  the 44  lords  and  eftates  of  this  our  land,  they  take  and  arreft  the  fame  perfone  ufito  the  tyme  he 14  have  broght  furth  hyme  or  them  of  whom  he  underftode  that  that  is  fpoken,  and  fo  pro- “  ceding  from  oon  to  other  unto  the  tyme  the  futft  auftor  and  maker  of  the  faid1  feditious “  fpeche  and  langage  be  taken  and  punyfhed  according  to  his  deferts.  And  that  whofoever 44  fur  ft  finde  any  feditious  bills  fet  up  in  any  place  he  take  it  downe  and  without  reding  or 44  fhewing  the  fame  to  any  other  perfone  bring  it  forthwith  unto  us  or  fome  of  the  lords  or “  other  ot  our  counfaill.  All  which  chargesand  commandements,  foo  by  us  taken  and  geven <c  by  our  mouthe  to  our  citie  of  London ,  we  notifie  unto  you  by  thefe  our  letters  to  thentent 44  that  ye  fhcwe  the  fame  within  all  the  places  of  your  jurifdidtion,  and  fee  there  the  due  exe- 44  cution  of  the  fame  from  tyme  to  tyme.  As- ye  woll  efchewe  our  grevous  indignation,  and 44  anfwere  unto  us  at  your  extreme  peril!. 44  Given  under  our  fignet  at  our  citie  of  London  the  xith  day  of  April. 44  By  the  KING. Superfcribed, 44  To  our  trufty  and  wel-beloved  the  maire  and  his  brethre  of  the  cilye  of  York. Richard’s  fhort  reign  drawing  ftill  nearer  a  period,  and  his  tragical  end1  approaching,  I find  an  order  of  council,  entered  in  the  regifter  of  thofe  times,  of  the'date  and  in  the  manner following: 1  If? L.  J483. >483- Veneris I  20 Book  I. A-  i+Sj. Jul,  8. the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES “  Veneris  poft  feftum  S.  Thome  Marcyris,  viz  v;ii°  <4V  Julii  an.  rq.re’U  R.  III.  ’ey  :a. Augujl  1 6. PJicbolaus  Lancajtre , ‘  Thomas  JVrangwiche. ‘  JVilliehnus  Snawfell. ‘  Johannus  Tong. ‘  JVilliehnus  Chymney. ‘  Thomas  Fynch. XXIV. ‘  Thomas  Ellay. Vic. c  Williehnus  Spence. ‘  JVilliehnus  Tayte. 1  Ricardus  Clerk. ■  Johannes  Hay. JVilliehnus  JVhite. Milo  Grenebank. Martis  pojl  fejlum affumpt. Nicholaus  Lancajlre JVilliehnus  Snawfell , Mr. ) Johannes  Tong , JVilliehnus  Chymney ,  • >  de  xii. Johannes  Gylliot , i  Vic. Thomas  Fynche , Thomas  Cator ,  ’ JVilliehnus  Spenfe , JVilliehnus  Tayte ,  f Ricardus  Clercke ,  ' } Johannes  Hay ,  ( JVillielmus  JVhite , Ricardus  Hardfang , . ^  XXIV ) Wer  afl'embled  in  the  counfail  chambre  within  the  Guild¬ hall  ol  this  citie,  where  and  when  it  was  thought  by  the counfail  that  fuch  bill  oi  proclamation  as  was  then  fhewed by  the  maire,  delivered  unto  hym  on  the  king’s  behalve  by the  fheref  of  the  fhire  to  be  proclamed  thrugh  out  the  citie, fhould  be  fhewed  unto  the  ferchers  of  evere  craft  within  this citie,  which  fhall  have  in  commaundement  by  the  maire that  evere  man  of  any  craft  within  this  citie  forfaid,  being francheft,  be  redie  defenfibly  arrayed  to  attend  upon  the mayre  of  this  citie  and  his  brethre  tor  the  favegard  of  the lame,  to  the  king’s  behove  or  otherwayes  at  his  commaund- ment. beate  Marie  Virg.  viz.  xvi  did  Augufti  an.  reg.  regis R.  III.  terlio. Wer  aflembled  in  the  counfail  chambre  upon  Oufe  brig, where  and  when  it  was  determyned  by  the  fame  that  John Spon  fergeant  to  the  Male  fhuld  ride  to  Nottingham  to  the king’s  grace  to  underltaund  his  plelure  in  fending  up  any of  his  fubgettes  within  this  citie  to  his  faid  grace,  for  the fubduing  ot  his  enemies  lately  arrived  in  the  partes  of  Wales or  otherwife  to  be  dilpoled  at  his  moll  high  plefure.  Alfo it  was  determyned  that  all  fuch  aldermen  and  other  of  the counfail  as  was  fojournyng,  for  the  plage  that  reigneth, without  the  citie  Ihuld  be  lent  for  to  give  their  belt  advifes in  fuch  things  as  concerned  the  wele  and  favegard  of  the laid  citie,  and  all  othyr  inhabitauts  of  the  lame.  — —  Alfo that  every  warden  of  this  citie  ferche  the  inhabitants  within his  ward  that  they  have  fufficient  wapens  and  armes  for  their 'c  defence  of  the  wall  of  this  citie.  —  Alfo  that  ther  lliall  proclamations  be  maide  thrugh  out “  this  citie  that  evere  man  frauncheft  within  this  citie  be  redie,  in  the  moll  deienfible  araye, “  co  attend  upon  the  maire  lor  the  welfare  of  this  citie  within  an  owres  warnyng  on  payne “  of  imprifonment.” Augujl  19.  “  Veneris  pojl  fejl.  ajjumpt.  &c.  viz.  xix  die  Augufti  an.  v.t  fupra. “  Ficbclaus  Lancajlre ,  Mr.  Wer  aflembled  in  the  counfail  chambre,  wherand  when “  &c.  N°  17.  it  was  determined  upon  the  report  of  John  Nicholfon ,  who was  comen  home  from  the  king’s  grace  fro  }]5ccf»ll)00D  that “  iv  c.  men  of  the  citie  defenfibly  arrayed,  John  Hajlings  gentleman  to  the  mace  being  cap- “  tayn,  Ihuld  in  all  haft  poflible  depart  towards  the  king’s  grace  for  the  fubduyng  of  his  e- "  nemyes  forfaid.  Wherupon  eche  parifli  in  the  citie  was  felled  as  it  appeareth  hereafter. And  that  eche  fougior  fhuld  have  xr.  for  x  days,  being  furth  xii  d.  by  day.  —  And  alfo that  the  counlail  Ihuld  meet  at  ii  of  the  clock  at  alternone  the  fame  day  at  the  Geld-hall “  ther  to  poynt  luch  perlonnes  as  fhuld  take  wages  and  there  to  receve  the  fame.” .'...gujl  23.  “  Martis  vigil.  S.  Bartholomei,  viz.  xxiii0  die  Augufti  an.  isle,  vacat.  regal,  potefl. “  Nicholaus  Lancajlre ,  Mr.  Wer  aflembled  in  the  counfail  chambre,  wher  and  when “  &c’  N°  15.  it  was  fhewed  by  diverfe  perlonnes,  elpecially  by  John  Span fent  unto  the  fclD  of  KcDemo.IC  to  bring  tydings  from  the “  fame  to  the  citie  that  king  Richard  late  lawfully  reigning  over  us  was  thrugh  grete  trealon “  °1  the  due  of  Northfolk ,  and  many  othyr  that  turned  agenft  hym,  with  many  othyr  lords “  and  nobilitie  of  thes  north  partes,  was pitioujly  Jlane  and  murdred  to  the  grete  hevynefs  of “  this  citie,  the  names  of  whom  followeth  herafter. “  Wherfore  it  was  determyned  for  fo  much  as  it  was  that  the  erle  of  Northumberland 11  was  comen  to  IVrejfel  that  a  lettre  fhuld  be  conveyed  unto  the  faid  erle,  befeching  hym  to “  give  unto  them  his  beft  advile  how  todifpofe  them  at  this  wofull  feajon ,  both  to  his  ho- “  ilor  and  worlhip,  anti  well  and  prouffit  ol  this  citie.  The  tenor  wherof  followeth: “  Right  potent  and  right  noble  our  moolt  honorable  efpecial  and  Angular  good  lord  in “  olir  mooft  humble  wife  we  recommend  us  unto  your  good  lordfhip,  loving  almightie  god “  of  your  home  enduryng  at  this  wooful  feafon,  befeching  your  good  lordfliip  to  be  towards “  us I  21 Chap.  IV.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. “  us  and  this  citie  as  ye  have  ben  hertofore  right  good  and  tendre  lord,  and  fo  to  advertife  A.  1485. “  us  at  this  tyme  as  may  be  to  the  honor  of  your  lordfhip  as  well  and  prouffit  of  us  and “  fauffegard  of  this  faid  citie,  wherunto  we  fliall  applye  us  both  with  bodie  and  goods,  and “  to  owe  unto  your  lordfhip  our  faithful  and  true  Further  we  befeechyour “  lordfhip  to  geve  full  faith  and  credence  unto  our  fervant  John  Nicholfon  the  berer  hereof  in “  fuch  things  as  he  fha.ll  fliewe  unto  your  lordfhip  of  our  behalve  j  and  the  bleffed  trini-* 44  ty,  £ '3c. 44  Yours,  (Ac. 44  Maire ,  aldermen ,  Jheriffs ,  xxiv  of  the  counfail  of  the 44  citie  of  York  with  thole  communalitie  of  the  fame. To ,  See.  the  erle  ^/"Northumberland. 44  Mercurii  feflum  S.  Bartholomei,  viz.  xxiili0  die  Ailgufti,  Anno  &c.  Vacat  regalis  potejias . 44  Nicholaus  Lancajlre ,  Mr.  Wer  affembled  in  the  counfail  chambre  wfier  and  when  it 44  (Ac.  N°  13.  was  determined  that  the  maire  with  his  brethre  fhuld  attend and  mete  fir  Henry  Percey  at  ii.  o’  the  clok  at  afternone,  at 44  the  miln  in  the  firete  without  Wdlmgale-bar ,  ther  to  underftand  how  they  fhall  be  difpofed 44  enent  the  king’s  grace  Henry  the  fevent,  fo  proclamed  and  crowned  at  the  feld  of  Rede - 44  more. 44  Alfo  it  was  determined  that  oon  fir  Rbger  Cotarn  knight  unto  the  faid  kings  grace*  now 41  comen  to  this  citie  toproclame  the  faid  king  Henry ,  fhuld  be  prefented  with  ii.  and 44  ii.  gallons  of  wyne  at  the  chambre  coft. 44  A 1  fo  John  Nicholfon  which  was  lent  to  Wrcffcll  to  the  erle  of  Northumberland  with  wri- 44  ting,  appered  in  the  counfail  chambre,  and  fhewed  how  it  was  fhewed  unto  hym  by  fir 4t  Henry  Percy  being  ther,  that  the  faid  erle  was  with  the  king  at  Leicefire  for  the  well  of 44  himfelf  and  this  citie,  and  that  the  laid  fir  Henry  wold  be  at  the  milne  without  the  bar  as 44  above.  "Wherfore  it  was  determined  to  meet  with  hyme  ther. “  Alfo  the  fame  day  forfomuch  as  the  forfaid  fir  Roger  Got  am  durft  not  for  fere  of  deth 44  come  thrugh  the  citie  to  fpeake  with  the  maire  and  his  brethre,  it  was  thought  that  they 44  fhuld  goo  unto  him,  wheriipon  the  maire  and  his  brethre  went  unto  the  fign  of  the  boore 44  and  ther  they  fpeak  with  the  faid  knight,  which  fhewed  unto  them  that  the  king  named 44  and  proclamed  Henry  thevii.  grete  them  well,  and  wold  be  unto  them  and  this  citie  as 44  good  and  gratioufe  foveraign  lord  as  any  of  his  noble  progenitors  was  before.  With  o- 44  tliyr  words  of  comforth.  Wherof  the  maire  and  his  brethre  thankes  him  moch  and  foo 44  departed. 44  Alfo  it  was  determined  that  fuch  fogiers  as  Wentfurth  of  this  citie  having  wages  for  x. 44  dayes,  xii  d.  by  the  day,  and  was  furth  but  iiii  dayes  and  a  half,  fhuld  have  wages  for  vi. 44  dayes  and  no  more,  and  the  refidue  of  the  money  to  be  repaid  to  the  chamberlaynes  to 44  pay  to  fuch  parilhes  as  paid  the  fame. 44  Jovis pojl  feft.  S.  Bartholomei,  viz.  xxv°  die  Augujli  A.  dont.  m.cccc.lxxxv. 44  Nicholaus  Lancajlre ,  Mr.  Wer  affembled  in  the  counfail  chambre,  wher  and  when 44  (Ac.  N°  11.  it  was  determined  that  William  Wells ,  William  Chimney , Robert  Hawk  aldermen,  William  Tayte  and  John  Hay  of  the 44  xxiv,  fhall  ride  unto  the  kings  grace  Henry  the  vii.  in  the  name  of  th’ole  bodie  of  this 44  citie,  befeching  his  grace  to  be  good  and  gracious  lord  unto  this  citie  as  othyr  his  noble 44  progenitours  hath  ben  tofore*  and  to  confirme  of  his  moft  habundant  grace  all  fuch  fran- 44  chifes,  liberties,  fees  and  freedoms  as  hath  ben  granted  to  the  faid  citie  hertofore  by  his 44  faid  noble  progenitours  •,  and  that  ther  be  feveral  letters  made  as  well  to  the  erle  of 44  Northumberland  as  the  lord  Stanelay  for  the  good  fpeed  of  the  premifes.  Alfo  that  the 44  faid  aldermen  and  ii.  of  the  xxiiii.  be  accompanyed  with  xv.  yomen  and  horfes,  and  have 44  gownes  of  muff  DCfotlcs,  and  ther  gownes  of  othyr  color  convenient  for  them.  And 44  that  Alexander  Daufon  chamberlayn,  ride  with  the  fame  perfonnes  and  bere  all  cofls  pro- 44  vided  of  the  chambre. 44  Alfo,  that  ther  fhal  be  a  proclamacion  mad  thrugh  out  this  citie,  which  proclamacion 44  was  delivered  unto  the  mayre  and  his  brethre  by  one  of  the  kings  herolds  called  Wyndfore 44  in  the  counfail  chambre,  having  upon  hym  a  cote  armor  of  the  armes  of  England  and 44  Fraunce ;  which  herold  fhewed  unto  the  mayre  by  mouthe,  that  the  kings  grace  grete 44  hym  and  his  bredre  wele,  and  would  be  as  good  and  gracious  lord  unto  this  citie  as  any 44  of  his  progenitours  were  before  him,  with  othyr  moch  wordes  of  comforth,  wherfore 44  he  defired  hym  on  the  kings  behalve  to  make  a  proclamacion  after  the  tenor  that  folow- 44  eth. Copia Ii 7 he  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. Copia  proclamations  Henrici  regis  Ang.  VII. tc  JffENRF  by  the  grace  of  God,  king  of  England ,  and  of  Frauncc ,  prince  of  JVales , c<  and  lord  of  Irland  ftritftly  charges,  and  commaundeth  upon  peyne  of  deth,  that  no “  manner  of  man  robbe  nor  fpoyle  na  manner  of  commons  corny, ng  from  the  feld  ;  but  fuf- “  fre  theme  to  pafie  home  to  ther  cuntrees  and  dwelling  places  with  their  horfes  and  har- “  nefie.  And  morover  that  noo  manner  of  man  take- upon  hym  to  goe  to  noo  gentilmanz “  place  neither  in  the  cuntree  nor  within  cities  nor  borows,  nor  pike  no  quarells  for  old  or for  new  matters,  but  kepe  the  kings  peace  upon  payne  of  hanging,  fsfr.  And  morover “  if  ther  be  any  man  affered  to  be  robbed  and  fpoyled  of  his  goods,  let  hym  come  to  mailer “  Richard  Borow ,  the  king’s  fergeant  here,  and  he  fhall  have  a  warrant  for  his  bodie  and “  his  goods,  unto  the  tyme  the  kings  pleafure  be  knowne.  —  And  morover  the  king  afler- “  tayneth  you,  that  Richard  due  of  Glouceflre,  late  callid  king  Richard ,  was  flayne  at  a “  place  called  Sandeford ,  within  the  fhyre  of  Leicejlre ,  and  brought  dede  of  the  feld  unto  the “  towne  of  Leicejlre ,  and  ther  was  laide  oppenly  that  every  man  might  fe  and  luke  upon “  him.  And  ail'o  ther  was  flayne  uppon  the  fame  feld  John  late  due  of  Northfolk ,  John  late “  erleof  Lincoln ,  Thomas  lateerle  of  Surrey ,  Fraunceys  vicount  Lovell ,  fir  IValter  Reveres, “  lord  FerrereSy  Richard  Ratcliff  knight,  Robert  Brachenbury  knight,  with  many  othyr “  knights,  fquires,  and  gentilmen,  of  tufjofc  foulcs  4£oD  Ifdtoe  merev. “  After  which  proclamation  made,  the  faid  mayre  and  his  brethre  comyng  to  the  qham- te  bre  agayn,  determined  that  the  laid  harold  for  his  mefiage  and  comforthable  words  fhuld “  have  in  reward  of  the  chambre  vi.  marks  iiii.  aungclls. “  Copie  of  a  letter  directed  to  the  erle  of  Northumberland  for  the  good  fpede forfaid, “  Tj  I G  H  T  potent  and  right  noble  our  mooft  efpecial  and  fingular  good  lord  in  our  mooli LV  “  humble  wile  we  recommend  us  unto  your  good  lordfhip,  loving  almighty  God  of “  your  profproufe  lif  the  which  Jefu  continue  in  felicity  both  gholtly  and  bodily,  thanking “  your  good  lordfhip  of  your  tendre  luff"  and  favor  which  your  lordfhip  ever  hath  borne  to- “  wards  us  and  this  citie,  whom  we  befeeche  you  continue  and  in  efpecial  at  this  feafon,  in <c  the  which  we  know  right  wele  your  lordfhip  unto  us  is  mooft  neceflarye.  And  wheras “  we  fend  up  unto  the  kings  grace  iii.  of  our  aldermen  and  othyr  of  our  counfail  chambre  to “  befeche  his  grace  to  accept  us  benignely  unto  his  grace,  graunting  unto  us  and  this  citie  all “  all  fuch  fraunchifes,  liberties,  freedoms,  and  annual  fees,  with  all  othyr  commodities  and “  prouffitts  unto  the  fame  belonging  and  gracioufly  graunted  by  all  othyr  his  mooft  noble “  progenitours ;  we  befeche  your  good  lordfhip  in  the  good  furtherance  and  fpede  herof  to “  Ihew  unto  our  laid  brethre  your  noble  advife  how  to  labor  to  the  faid  kings  grace  for  the “  fame;  and  we  fhall  ever  pray  for  the  ftaite  of  you  right  potent  and  right  noble  our  mooli “  efpecial  and  lingular  good  lord  in  felicitie  ever  to  endure. “  From  Fork  the  xxvi"1  day  of  Augujl. “ Tour  orators  and  fervants ,  the  mayre,  aldermen “  and  Jfjeruffs ,  and  xxiv  of  the  counfail  of  the  citie “  of  York,  with  th'ole  communalilie  of  the  fame. “  Sabbati,  viz.  xxvii°  die  Augufti  Anno  regni  reps  Henrici  feptimi primo  incipien. (i  Nicholaus  Lancajlre , “  &Y.  N°.  5. Mr.  Wer  affembled  in  the  counfail  chambre,  when  and  wher oon  Robert  Rawdon  gentilman,  fergeant  unto  the  kings grace  perfonally  appered  and  gave  unto  the  maire  and  the “  counfail  a  commandement  and  warrant  under  the  kings  lignet  and  figne  manual  to  him “  diretfl  to  attache  Robert  bilhop  of  Bath  (a) ,  and  fir  Richard  Ratcliff  knight,  and  to  bring ct  them  perfonaly  unto  his  highnefle  and  to  feafe  into  his  hands  all  their  goods,  moveable, tc  and  immoveable,  as  it  appereth  more  at  large  in  the  warrant,  wherof  the  tenor  wherof “  followeth  herafter.  Wherupon  the  faid  Rawdon  inftantly  delired  the  faid  maire  and  fhe- “  rifts  on  the  kings  behalve  as  his  true  liege  men  and  fubgetts  that  in  thexecution  of  his “  laid  warrant  they  wold  geve  ther  attendaunce,  aid  and  afiiftence.  Wherin  after  fom  con- “  fultation  upon  the  fame,  for  fo  moch  as  the  faid  bifhop  was  attached  tofore  by  oon  he- “  rold  Wyndfore  and  Robert  Borow  gentilman,  the  kings  fervants,  and  broght  unto  the  citie “  and  lay  witiiin  the  franchefie  and  liberty  of  the  fame,  and  was  for:  crafed  by  reafon  of  his “  trouble  and  c  a  tying ,  the  maire  taking  with  hym  the  above  written  of  the  counfail  of  the “  chambre  he  faid  Rawdon  and  Rob.  Borow ,  inftantly  prepared  to  go  to  the  faid  bifhop  to “  mailer  Nelcfon  place,  to  fpeke  with  him;  being  come  unto  hym  unto  the  faid  place. ( a)  Robert  Stillingtor,. “  Ihuld Chap.  IV.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. “  wher  and  when  it  was  appointed  of  the  confent  of  the  faid  Rawdon,  that  the  faid  bifhop “  fhuld  continue  ftill  within  the  faid  citie  for  iv.  or  v.  days  for  his  eafe  and  reft,  The  tenor “  of  the  warrant  foloweth  : “  N  R-T,  by  the  grace  oi  God,  king  of  England ,  and  of  Fraunce ,  and  lord  of  Inland , “  to  our  trufty  and  wel-beloved  Robert  Rawdon  gentleman,  greting.  For  as  moch “  as  Robert  bifhop  of  Bath  and  fir  Richard  Ratcliff  knight,  adherents  and  afliftents  to  our “  grete  enemy  Richard  late  due  of  Gloucejlre ,  to  his  aide  and  afliftance,  have  by  deverfe “  ways  offended  agenft  the  crowne  to  us  of  right  appurteyneyng,  we  will  and  charge  you “  and  by  this  our  warrant  commit  and  geve  you  power  to  attache  the  faid  bifhop  and  knight, “  and  them  perfonaly  bring  unto  us,  and  to  feafe  into  our  hands  all  fuch  goods,  moveables “  and  immoveables  as  the  xxiid  day  of  Augujl.  the  firft  year  of  our  reigne  appurteyned  and “  belonged  unto  them  wherfoever  they  be  found,  as  well  in  places  privileged  as  ellefwhere, “  and  the  fame  foo  feafed  to  put  into  fuch  fuerte  and  favegard  as  ye  will  anfwer  to  us  for “  them  at  all  tymes.  Chargyng  morover,  and  ftriflly  commaundyng  all  our  true  fubgettes “  and  legemen  that  to  thexecution  herof  they  geve  you  attendaunce ,  aide,  and  affiftence, “  without  doeing  ot  any  thyng  that  fhall  be  prejudicial  to  the  premiffes,  as  they  will  a- “  voyde  ourgrievious  difpleafure  and  anfwer  unto  us  at  their  pe/il. “  Geven  undre  our  fignet  at  our  towne  of  Leicejlre  th.e  xxiiid  day  of  Augujl., “  yere  of  our  reign. “  Per  ffgnet.  el  figillum  manuale the  firft FOX. te  Tune,  viz.  ■penult,  die  Augufti,  anno  reg.  regis  Henrici  primo. “  Nicholaus  Lancajler ,  Mr.  Wer  aflembled  in  the  counfail  chambre,  where  and  when “  &c.  N°.  9.  it  was  determined,  that  the  gates  and  p.Qfturnes  of  the  citie fhuld  be  fhut  evere  night  at  ix  of  the  clock,  and  opened “  at  morowning  at  iiii :  And  that  iiii  men  of  every  warde  be  warned  to  watch  at  evere  gate “  evere  night  for  the  fifegard  of  the  citie,  and  the  inhabitants  of  the  fame.  Alfo  ther  was li  a  lettre  diredft  from  the  kings  grace  unto  the  maire  and  his  brethre  charging  them  by  the “  fame  to  geve  ther  affiftence  and  aide  in  fuch  matters  as  appereth  in  the  faid  letters, “  wherof  the  tenor  followeth : “  By  the  KING. “  T~^Rufty  and  welbeloved  we  grete  you  wele,  and  late  you  wit  that  for  diverfe  caufes  ug “  touching,  we  fend  unto  your  partes  our  trufty  and  welbelovecl  Servant  fir  John “  Halewell  knight,  wherfore  we  woll  and  pray  you,  and  upon  that  on  your  liegeance  in- “  ftantly  charge  and  command  you,  that  in  all  fuch  matter?  as  the  laid  fir  John  fliall  ffiew “  unto  you  on  our  behalve  yee  geve  your  affiftence  and  aide,  and  that  yec  ne  faile  t herof “  as  yee  will  deferve  of  us  our  efpecial  thankes. Geven  undre  our  fignet  at  our  towne  of  Leycefire,  the  xxiii  day  ot  Augujl. Superfcribed, “  To  our  trujly  and  welbeloved  the  maire ,  aldermen  -and  foer riffs  off  oyr  citie  of  York. “  Sabbati,  viz.  iiii0  die  Septembris  regni  regis  Henrici  VII.  primo. “  Nicholaus  Lancajlre ,  Mr.  Wer  aflembled  in  thecounfiil  chambre  within  the  Guild- “  &c-  N°.  16.  hall ,  when  and  where  it  was  Ihewed  by  Thomas  IVrang - wifloe,  William  Welles ,  William  Chymney ,  aldermen,  Willi- “  am  Tate  and  John  Hay  of  the  xxiv  late  fent  unto  the  king  for  the  well  of  this  citie,  that “  the  faid  kings  grace  accept  them  in  the  name  of  tholl  bodie  of  this  citie,  gracioufly  unto “  his  highnefle  graunting  that  the  faid  citie  fhuld  be  holdein  of  the  fame,  and  that  the  inha- “  bitants  and  citizens  of  the  faid  citie  fhall  have  and  enjoy  all  and  all  manner  of  fraunchiftes, “  liberties,  freedoms,  graunts,  iftues  and  prouffits  unto  them  belonging  in  as  large  and  am- “  pie  manner  and  forme,  with  better,  as  any  of  his  noble  progenitours  had  graunted  to  the “  faid  citie  at  any  tyme  hertofore.  The  which  premifles  was  Ihewed  by  the  mouth  of  the “  faid  Thomas  Wrangwifhe ,  not  only  unto  the  mayre  and  the  counfail,  but  alfo  incontinent- “  ty  to  the  commons  aflembled  the  faid  day  in  the  Guild  hall  forfaid.  After  which  the  maire “  taking  with  hym  all  above  written  entered  the  chambre  agayn,  where  after  due  thanks  ge- “  unto  the  laid  Thomas  Wrangwifhe  and  his  felows  for  ther  grete  labor  and  comfortable i  “  tidings,  it  was  determined  that  William  Welles  and  William  Chymney  fhuld  towards  ther tc  horfehyre  have  in  reward  xxs.  and  either  of  the  xxiv.  vs.  And  on  this  -  defunt caetera . i23 A.  143.5. Thefe 4  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  1. 485*  Thefe  fketches  of  hiftory,  long  buried  in  filenc’,  I  bring  to  light,  as  a  cult  of  tl;ofe  times rend  red  dark  enough  by  the  writers  of  the  Lane  Aft  nan  party.  Here  is  fubjetft  fufficient  for an  hi (torian  to  expatiate  largely  upon,  and  to  fuch  I  leave  it ;  the  growing  bulk  of  this  work not  fullering  me  to  enter  into  it.  Let  the  times  then  fpeak  for  thernfclvts.  It  is  plain  that Richard ,  reprefented  as  a  monfter  of  mankind  by  molt,  was  not  fo  etteemed  in  his  life  time in  thefe  northern  parts.  And  had  the  earl  of  Northumberland  ft  a  id  and  raifed  forces  here,  he might  have  ftruck  Henry's  new  acquired  diadem  into  the  hazzard.  Wanting  that  noble¬ man’s  perfonal  appearance  aniongft  them,  our  city  had  nothing  to  do,  but  with  the  reft  of the  kingdom,  to  fiibmit  to  the  conquerour.  His  policy  taught  him  to  ftiew  great  ads  of clemency  at  his  entrance  into  government  •,  though  he  muft  know,  that  neither  his  title,  nor his  family,  were  recognized,  or  refpeded,  in  thefe  northern  parts  of  the  kingdom. The  firft  thing  the  vieftor  did,  after  his  conqueft  near  Bofworth ,  was  to  fend  immediately for  the  princefs  Elizabeth ,  the  heirefs  of  the  houfe  of  York  •,  whom  he  had  fworn  to  marry before  his  invafion.  This  princefs  had  been  fent  by  Richard ,  a  kind  of  a  prifoner,  to  Sher- rif-hutton  caftle  in  our  neighbourhood  •,  as  a  place  of  great  ftrength  and  kcurity.  It  is  faid the  uncle  intended  to  marry  his  niece  himfelf,  to  prevent  any  other  from  doing  it.  The meffenger  made  ufe  of  by  Henry  on  this  important  occafion  feems  to  be  fir  John  Hakwell, mentioned  in  one  of  the  warrants  ;  the  fecret  commijjion  he  was  entrufted  with  pointing  at  no lefs.  The  princefs  was  conducted  publickly  up  to  London ,  and  a  numerous  fuit  of  nobility hiet  and  attended  her.  But  there  was  another  of  royal  blood,  in  the  fame  caftle,  whom Henry's  jealoufy  would  not  allow  fuch  pageantry  to.  This  was  no  lefs  a  perfon  than  Ed¬ ward  Plantagenet ,  earl  of  Warwick ,  only  fon  to  George  duke  of  Clarence  the  la  e  icing  l  - chard’s  elder  brother  juft  then  fifteen  years  of  age.  This  branch  of  a  royal  ftock  \ born  to  be  unhappy,  if  the  knowledge  of  his  birth-right,  which  was  kept  induftrioi.  . from  him,  as  well  as  every  part  of  education  had  not  made  him  thoughtlcTs  about  it.  To whofe  care  and  cuftody  Richard  had  entrufted  thefe  two  particulars  I  knew  not;  the  caftle was  then  in  poflfeffion  of  the  Nevil’s  but  this  is  another  great  inftance  of  the  truft  he  had  in the  northern,  rather  than  the  fouthern,  parts  of  the  kingdom.  We  are  told  that  He.nydiC- patched  away  fir  Robert  Willoughby,  the  day  after  the  battle,  to  take  the  prince  from  his keepers,  and  convey  him  privately  to  the  tower  of  London.  It  was  not  long  after  that  this innocent  youth  fhared  the  fame  fate  with  his  coufins,  Edward  V.  and  his  brother  ;  the difference  only,  that  the  former  execrable  deed  is  faid  to  have  been  adted  in  the  dead  of  the night,  and  Henry  with  as  much  juftice,  caufed  his  head  to  be  ftruck  off  in  open  day-light. In  this  prince  the  royal  line  of  the  Plantagenet’s  failed.  Monfieur  Rapin  Thoyras,  an  hifto- rian  apparently  oppofite  to  an  hereditary  title  to  the  crown  of  England ,  writes  thus,  how¬ ever,  of  this  unfortunate  prince  “  A  prince,  fays  he,  who  was  the  foie  relift  of  the  male “  iffue  of  Edward  the  third,  which  had  been  fo  numerous,  but  was  almoft  entirely  deftroyed “  by  the  late  civil  wars.  The  laft  of  the  Angavin  or  Plantagenet  race,  which  had  been  in “  poffeffion  of  the  crown  of  England ,  from  father  to  fon ,  during  the  fpace  of  three  hundred “  and  thirty  years.” The  princefs  Elizabeth  was  prefently  married  to  Henry  ;  but  he  always  feemed  to  feern the  title  he  had  with  her,  and  was  the  firft  king  of  England  that  chofe,  rather,  to  make  his claim  to  the  crown  de  faflo  than  de  jure,  (a )  It  was  three  years  before  he  would  have  her  crown¬ ed  according  to  his  oath  ;  and,  it  is  very  true ,  fays  the  great  lord  Verulam ,  that  Henry  fleewed himfelf  no  very  indulgent  hufband  to  the  lady  Elizabeth,  though  foe  was  beautiful,  gentle  and fruitful,  and  but  then  nineteen  years  of  age.  His  avcrfion  to  the  houfe  of  York,  continues  that author,  was  fo  predominant  in  him ,  that  it  found  place  not  only  in  his  wars  and  councils,  but  in  bis chamber,  and  even  in  his  bed. I  now  conclude  this  chapter,  being  a  feries  of  four  hundred  and  twenty  years  •,  and  fhall haften  to  our  hiftorical  annals  in  the  reigns  of  this  Henry  and  his  fucceffors. (a)  Bacon's  Henry  the  feventh. CHAP. Chap.  V. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. r*r CHAP.  V. A  continuation  of  the  hijtorical  annals  of  the  city ,  from  this  period to  the  prefent  times. railed  the  Engli/h  Solomon,  having  mounted  the  throne,  kept  poflefllon  A.  i486, of  it  all  his  life;  with  that  ftrength  of  judgment  and  policy,  as  might  deferve  in mme  meafute  that  high  title.  However,  the  partifans  of  the  houfe  of  York,  could  not  bear iat  a  prince  of  the  other  family  iliould  reign  over  them  ;  notwithftanding  the  fpecious title  he  drew  horn  the  queen  might  very  well  ferve  to  gild  over  his  own.  Several  com¬ motions  were  railed  in  which,  thofe  that  concerned  Lambert  Symnel,  and  Perkin  Warbeck, were  not  mconfiderab  e ;  and  gave  him  no  fmall  trouble  to  compofe.  The  northern  coun¬ ties,  and,  efpecially  the  city  of  York,  preferved  their  refpeft  to  the  family  which  bore  that title  ;  and  feemed  to  watch  all  opportunities  to  teltify  their  loyalty  to  it.  In  the  fecond year  of  his  reign,  in  a  progrefs  Henry  made  into  the  north,  in  order  to  hip  an  infurreftion in  tne  bud  which  was  then  on  foot  in  this  country,  became  to  York ;  where  before  he  had  A  ia<!8 fent  a  great  multitude  of  unarmed  men,  that  he  might  rather  feem  to  pacify  than  exafpe-  ' rate  hjs  adverfar.es  Tins  piece  of  policy  had  like  to  have  proved  fatal  to  him  ;  for,  fays the  In  (lory  of  Croyland  he  had  certainly  been  taken  by  them,  whilft  he  was  devoutly  lb- lemnizing  of  St.  George  s  day  m  that  city  ;  had  not  the  earl  of  Northumberland  been  more piuucnt  ill  coming  to  his  rdcue.  Henry  feized  upon  home  of  the  principal  movers  of  this difturbancc  and  prefect  y  caufed  them  to  be  hanged  upon  a  gibbet  at  York.  After  which, adds  my  authority,  the  king  returned  in  peace  to  the  fouth  (a ). (b)  I  his  infurreclion  had  been  countenanced  by  the  lord  Lovd,  the  two  hafferds,  and afterwards  headed  by  the  earl  of  Lincoln ,  who  had  landed  with  Lambert  Symnel  horn  Ire¬ land  with  forces  1  hey  came  direftly  to  York ,  after  the  king  had  left  it,"  in  hopes  to  be powerfully  reinforced  in  thefe  parts;  not  doing  the  city  or  country  any  harm,  that  their mock-king  mignt  gain  a  greater  charafter,  and  feem  tender  ofhis  fubjebfs  lives.  But  find¬ ing  the  country  not  to  come  in  as  they  expedled,  they  went  incontinent  to  meet  the  kin°- and  fight  him  with  the  numbers  they  had.  What  followed  was  the  battle  of  Stoke,  where Henry  got  the  victory  ;  and  the  counterfeit  Plantagenet  taken  prifoner  was  made  a  turnfpit in  the  palace;  in  which  poll  he  behaved  himfelf  fo  handfomely,  that,  after  fome  years,  he was  raifed  to  be  one  of  the  king’s  falconers.  1 The  parliament  had  granted  certain  fub’fidies  to  defray  the  expence  of  an  army  fent  in-  A.  1489. to  Dritany,  this  was  to  be  levied  by  a  tax  on  land  through  England ;  which  was  readily paid  by  all  the  counties,  except  Yorkjhire  and  the  bilhoprick  of  Durham  (c).  The  two laic,  fays  lord  Verulam,  openly  and  refolutely  refufed  to  pay  it;  not  out  of  neceffity,  but by  realon  of  the  old  humour  of  thefe  countries,  where  the  memory  of  king  Richard  was loftrong,  adds  the  noble  lord,  that  it  laid  like  lees  in  the  bottom  of  mens  hearts ,  and ,  if  the vej/u,  mere  once  fin-red  it  would  rife.  The  commiffioners  appointed  for  the  gathering  this tax  were  amazed  at  this  great  rub  in  their  way,  and  applied  to  the  earl  of  Northumberland for  his  advice  and  aid  in  this  affair.  The  earl  forthwith  wrote  to  court  about  it,  and  re¬ ceived  anfwer  horn  the  king,  that,  peremptorily,  he  would  not  abate  one  penny.  Becaufe, l.nce  it  was  a  tax  granted  by  parliament,  if  he  did,  it  might  encourage  other  counties  to hope  for  an  abatement ;  and  he  Would  never  allow  the  people  to  difannul  the  authority  of a  parhament,  in  which  their  votes  were  included.  Upon  this  advice  the  earl  fummoned all  the  nobility  and  gentry  to  York ,  and  fpeaking  to  them  in  that  imperious  language  the king  had  fent  him ;  the  words  fumng,  fays  my  author,  his  natural  difpofition,  it  did  not only  irritate  them  to  a  great  degree,  but  imagining  the  words  to  be  as  much  the  earl’s own  as  the  king  s,  and  that  he  had  been  the  chief  advifer  in  laying  this  tax,  they  rofe  and r.ffiyled  his  houfe,  and  flew  him  with  many  of  his  fervants  (d).  The  fword  thus  drawn, they  threw  away  the  fcabbard,  and  chofe  lor  their  leader  Sir  John  Egremond,  whom  lord Bacon  calls  a  fiftious  perfon  and  one  who  had  a  long  time  born  an  ill  mind  towards  the the  king.  To  him  they  added  a  fellow  of  mean  degree,  called  John  a  Chambre,  who  bore much  fway  amongft  the  common  people,  and  was  a  perfeft  boute-feu.  With  thefe  com- rnan  ers  t  ley  entered  into  open  rebellion,  giving  out  in  flat  terms  that  they  would  march sgamlt  king  Henry  and  fight  for  their  liberties  and  their  properties. flately  monument,  but  now  much  defaced.  The  de* U)  Biondi  ‘  ^  ftruclion  of  this  earl  fo  foon  after  the  revolution  in  fa- Id)  Dun  i-mrnn  your  Henry,  was  probably  in  revenge  for  his  defert- •  .  „  ,  ,  lng  the  houfe  of  Tori,  who  had  reftored  him  to  thofe W  This  earl  was  buried  at  Beverley,  where  he  had  a  honours  forfeited  by  his  father  at  Tmtm. K  k  When 1 16 A.  1489. A. *  54*- The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  FoorI. When  the  king  heard  of  this  new  infurrection,  being  a  fever  that  almoft  took  him  every year,  after  his  manner,  hefeemed  little  troubled  therewith.  He  fent  Thomas  earl  of  Surrey, whom  he  had  a  little  before  releafed  out  of  the  tower,  and  pardoned,  with  a  compe¬ tent  power  againft  the  rebels.  The  earl  met  and  fought  with  the  principal  band  of them,  defeated  them  and  took  John  a  Chambre ,  their  firebrand  prifoner  •,  with  Tv  r.il others.  The  reft  fled  to  York ,  but  upon  the  generals  approach,  they  durft  not  abic  e  a fiege,  but  ran  out  of  the  city  fome  one  way  and  fome  another.  Egremond  got  into  Flanders , where  he  was  protected  by  Margaret  duchefs  of  Burgundy ,  After  to  Edward  IV.  and henry's  mortal  enemy.  John  a  Chamhre  was  executed  in  great  ftate  at  York  for  he  was hanged  on  a  gibbet  raifed  a  ftage  higher,  in  the  midft  of  a  l'quare  gallows,  as  a  traitor  pa¬ ramount  ;  and  a  number  of  his  men,  that  were  his  chief  accomplices,  were  hanged,  upon the  lower  ftory,  round  about  him  (f ). The  king  though  he  made  ufe  of  the  earl  of  Surrey  for  a  general,  yet  followed  after  him- felf,  and  though  he  heard  of  the  victory,  yet  he  came  on  as  far  as  2'ork,  in  order,  lays  my author,  to  pacify  and  fettle  that  city  and  county.  From  whence  he  returned  to  London , leaving  the  earl  of  Surrey  his  lieutenant  in  thefe  northern  parts,  and  Sir  Richard  Tunjlal his  principal  commiflioner  to  levy  the  fubfidy  •,  of  which  he  did  not  remit  one  denier  (g). This  ftrictnefs  in  Henry  l'o  dampt  the  fpirits  of  the  northern  malecontents,  that,  what¬ ever  they  might  think  of  his  title,  they  never  more  offered  to  difturb  him  ;  and  even  in  the rebellion  occafioned  by  Perkin  JVarbeck's  claim,  thefham  duke  of  Fork,  our  chronicles  make no  mention  of  any  iniurreftion  in  thefe  parts  in  his  favour. I  fuppole  them  quiet,  fubmiffive,  and  very  good  fubjeds,  during  the  reft  of  this  king’s reign,  and  as  a  teftimony  of  the  loyalty  of  the  city  of  Pork ,  I  find,  in  our  own  records,  an account  of  the  reception  of  Margaret ,  Henry's  eldeft  daughter  into  the  city,  in  her  journey for  Scotland -,  in  order  to  confummate  a  marriage,  which  had  been  folemnized  by  proxy, betwixt  this  princefs  and  James  IV.  king  of  Scotland ,  fome  time  before  in  London.  Which I  fhall  give  in  its  own  words  and  orthography. ( [h )  “  On  Saturday  the  14th  of  July  in  the  year  of  our  lord  1503,  Sir  John  Gy  /Hot  mer- tc  chant  knight  of  the  Bath  being  then  lord-mayor  of  the  city  of  York,  and  John  Ellis  and il  Thomas  Braikes  ftierifts,  Margaret  the  king’s  eldeft  daughter,  and  wife  of  James  the  fourth “  king  of  Scotland  came  to  York  •,  accompanied  with  many  lords,  ladies,  knyghtes,  and “  efquyers,  and  gentlemen,  to  the  number  of  five  hundreth  perfons,  being  met  by  the  flie- “  riffs  in  crymfyn  gownes,  attended  by  o.ne  hundreth  perfons  on  horfeback  in  one  clothing, “  at  the  midft  of  Tadcajler -bridge,  who,  with  humble  falutations,  welcomed  her  majefty  in- “  to  the  libertys  of  the  faid  city,  and  fo  bare  their  white  wands  before  her  until  fhe  came “  at  Micklegate-bar  •,  and  ther  the  lord-mayor,  cloathed  in  fine  crymfin  fattin  engrayned, “  having  a  collar  of  gold  of  his  majeftys  livery  about  his  neck,  being  on  horfeback  his  fad- “  die  of  fine  crymfin  velvet,  and  the  trappis  of  the  fame,  with  gilt  bullion,  his  footmen “  apparelled  in  green  fattin,  with  the  armes  of  the  city  and  his  own  armes,  accompanyed <c  with  the  recorder  and  aldermen  in  fcarlet  together  on  horfeback,  their  ladles  being  co- “  vered  with  fine  cloth  bordered  with  black  velvet,  and  their  trappis  of  the  fame  with  gilt “  bullion,  the  twenty  four  in  their  red  gownes  on  foot,  with  the  tradefmen  and  com- “  moners  honeftly  cloathed,  Handing  on  the  north-fide  of  the  bar,  made  low  obeyfance “  unto  her  grace,  who  with  all  her  company  was  molt  nobly  and  richly  apparelled,  and  fo “  came  near  unto  her  chayr  upon  the  palfreys  covered  with  cloth  of  gold,  who  caufingthe “  palfreys  to  ftand  ftill,  the  lord-mayor  faid,  ?nojl  noble  and  excellent  princefs ,  I  and  my  bre- “  thren  with  all  the  commonality  of  this  city ,  in  our  mGjl  heariieft  wife ,  we Icometh  your  noble ‘■'■grace,  with  all  thofe  the  other  nobles  that  attend  upon  you-,  at  which  words  fhe  inclined  herfelf “  towards  the  lord  mayor,  and  thanked  him,  his  brethren,  and  all  the  rejl  of  the  city,  and  then “  it  was  ordered  by  the  lord  treafurer  that  the  lord-mayor  Ihould  ride  next  before  her “  chayr,  betwixt  two  ferjeants  at  armes,  to  bear  the  mace  to  her  lodgings. “  On  the  morrow,  about  nine  a  clock  in  the  forenoon,  the  lord-mayor,  recorder,  alder- “  men,  and  twenty-four  and  chamberlaynes,  went  into  the  bifhop’s  pallace,  and  ther  pre- “  fented  her  with  a  goodly  Handing  filver  piece  with  a  cover,  well  over-gilt,  and  an  hun- “  dreth  angells  of  gold  in  the  fame  3  amounting  to  the  fumme  of  eighty  three  poundes  fix “  fhillings  and  eight  pence  ■,  for  which  fhe  heartily  thanked  him,  his  brethren,  and  all tc  the  body  of  the  city,  and  fo  went  forward  towards  the  minfter,  the  lord  archbifhop  and “  other  bifhops  and  nobles  going  before  her  in  order,  the  lord-mayor  bearing  the  mace  be- “  .twixt  two  ferjeants  at  armes  next  before  her  •,  and  after  mafs  was  done  returned  back  to “  the  pallace  to  dinner,  the  lord-mayor  bearing  the  mace  as  aforefaid,  untill  fhe  came  to  her “  chamber,  and  ther  took  his  leave  till  monday  morning. “  On  monday  morning  about  twelve  of  the  clock  her  grace  took  her  chayre  to  go  on “  her  voyage  that  night  to  Newburgh  and  then  every  fcience  flood  in  order  from  the “  Minjlergates  to  Boutham-bar ,  the  lord  mayor  and  his  brethren  riding  in  like  order  as  they “  did  at  her  coming,  the  fheriffs  bearing  their  rods  rode  forth  at  the  faid  bar  before  her (/;  Lord  Bacon.  Su  tee's  cliron. (£)  Lord  Bacon. [h]  From  a  regifter  on  Oufcbr  ’ulge. “  untill Chap. V.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  117 untill  they  came  at  Mawdlyn  chappel,  and  there  the  lord-mayor,  making  a  long  oration,  A.  1503. “  took  his  leave,  whereupon  Ihe  heartily  thanked  his  lordfhip  and  the  reft,  and  laid,  my “  lord-mayor ,  your  brethren ,  and  all  the  whole  city  of  York,  / /hall  evermore  endeavour  to  love tc  you  and  this  city  all  the  dayes  of  my  life.  And  To  departed  on  her  journey.” This  teftimony  of  loyalty  in  our  citizens  at  this  time  was  not  merely  political,  my  lord Bacon  fays,  the  joy  this  princefle’s  marriage  occafioned  was  exceeding  great  all  over  the kingdom  •,  and,  might  be  attributed ,  adds  the  noble  hiftorian,  to  a  fecret  inftinbl  or  inf  irm?., which  many  times  runneth  not  only  in  the  hearts  of  princes,  but  in  the  pulfe  and  veins  of  the  peo.- ple ,  touching  the  happinefs  thereby  to  enfue  in  time  to  come.  By  it  he  means  the  union  of  the two  kingdoms,  accomplifhed  in  the  perfon  of  fames  VI.  this  queen’s  grandlbn.  But  this paffage  is  reprefented,  by  a  late  hiftorian,  as  one  of  lord  Veritlam* s  partial  ftrokes  in  favour of  king  fames. Henry  VII.  died  without  any  more  occurrences  to  furnifh  our  annals  with.  He  was  fuc-  A.  1509. ceeded  by  his  only  fon  Henry ,  who  was  crowned  king  of  England  at  Weftminfter ,  at  the  age of  fixteen  years  by  the  title  of  Henry  VIII. The  life  of  this  prince,  in  whom  the  two  claims  of  York  and  Lane  after  were  indifputably conjoined,  is  excellently  well  wrote  by  the  lord  Herbert  in  particular;  and  by  feveral  others in  the  general  hiftory  of  England.  It  is  a  remarkable  one  indeed,  and  too  plainly  makes appear,  that  he  inherited,  along  with  the  titles,  all  the  vices  of  his  anceftors  of  both  houfes put  together  ;  without  the  leaft  allay  of  any  of  their  virtues. September  9.  was  fought  the  famous  battle  of  Flodden ,  in  which tfames  the  fourth  of  Scot-  A.  151c land ,  king  Henry's  brother-in-law,  was  killed,  and  his  army  entirely  routed.  The  earl  of Surrey  commanded  the  Englifh  army,  being  lord  lieutenant  of  the  north,  in  Henry's  abfence who  was  then  at  the  liege  of  Tournay  in  France.  The  earl  had  drawn  together  to  oppofe the  Scots  twenty  fix  thoufand  men,  I  mention  this  becaufe  I  find  in  an  old  record  that  five hundred  foldiers  were  raifed  by  the  lord  lieutenant’s  warrant  in  the  city  and  ainfty  for  that purpole.  The  body  ol  the  Scotch  king,  (lain  in  that  fight,  was  brought  to  York,  expofed  to publick  view;  and  kept  there  by  the  earl  till  the  king’s  return  Irom  France ,  and  then  car¬ ried  and  prefented  to  him  at  Richmond  (i). Many  years  now  pafied  without  any  materials  for  our  hiftory  ;  but  about  the  year  1536. the  innovations  in  religion  caufed  feveral  infurre<5tions  and  commotions  in  England ,  efpeci- ally  in  the  northern  parts  ;  amongft  which  a  confpiracy  Was  carried  on  by  the  lord  Darcy , Robert  AJk,  Efq;  Sir  Robert  Conftable,  Sir  fohn  Bulmer  and  his  wife.  Sir  Thomas  Piercy , brother  to  the  fcarl  of  Northumberland,  Sir  Stephen  Hamilton t  Nicholas  Tempejl ,  William Lumley,  Efqrs.  Thefe  men  at  the  head  of  forty  thoufand  priefls ,  peafants  and  labourers , declared  by  their  proclamation,  folemnly  made,  that  this  their  rifing  and  commotion,  Ihould extend  no  farther  than  only  to  the  maintenance  and  defence  of  the  faith  of  Chrijl,  and deliverance  of  holy  church  lore  decayed  and  opprefled  ;  and  alfo  for  the  furtherance  as well  of  private  as  publick  matters  in  the  realm,  in  regard  to  the  welfare  of  the  king’s  poor fubjetfts  (k ). This  infurre&ion  was  ftyled,  by  the  ring-leaders  of  it,  the  pilgrimage  of  grace ;  and  un¬ der  that  fpecious  pretence  they  kept  together  fome  time,  and  committed  feveral  outrages. The  king  fent  an  army  againft  them  with  a  proclamation  for  a  general  pardon;  which  had that  eft'eft  as  to  difperfe  the  crowd,  and  the  heads  of  the  revolters  were  taken.  Molt  of them,  with  the  abbots  of  Fountains ,  fervaux  and  Rivaulx,  the  prior  of  Burlington,  were executed  at  Tyburn.  Sir  Robert  Conftable  was  hanged  in  chains  over  Beverley-gate  at  Hull ; and  Robert  AJk ,  who  was  the  principal  of  them  all,  had  the  fame  fufpenfion  on  a  tower,  I fuppofe  Clifford's  tower,  at  York. Several  infurretftions  fucceeded  this  in  the  north  ;  it  feems  they  took  the  change  in  reli¬ gion  much  worfe  then  in  the  fouthern  parts  of  the  kingdom,  and  made  feveral  fmart ftruggles  againft  it.  All  being  at  length  pretty  quiet,  the  king  thought  it  policy  to  go  a progrefs  amongft  them  and  receive  their  fubmiffion  in  perfon. (  /)  In  the  month  of  Auguft  king  Henry  began  his  progrefs  to  the  city  of  York  ;  where in  a  rebellion  this  very  year  Sir  fohn  Nevil  knight,  and  ten  perfons  more  were  taken  and executed.  The  king  palled  through  Lincolnfhire ,  where  was  made  to  him  humble  fub- miffion  by  the  temporality,  confefling  their  faults  and  thanking  him  for  his  pardon.  The town  of  Stamford  prefented  him  with  twenty  pounds ;  the  city  of  Lincoln  forty  pounds; Bofton  fifty  pounds  ;  that  part  of  the  county  called  Lindfey  gave  three  hundred  pounds  ;  and Keftern,  with  the  church  at  Lincoln ,  fifty  pounds  more.  At  his  entrance  into  York  [hire he  was  met  by  two  hundred  gentlemen  of  the  fame  county,  in  velvet  coats  and  fuitable  ac¬ coutrements  ;  with  four  thoufand  tall  yeomen,  fay  my  authors,  and  fervants  well  horfed. A.  1537. A.  134 [i)  The  body  of  this  great  king,  who  died  valiantly fighting,  was  by  king  Henry's  orders  firlt  carried  to  the Cbartcr-bouje,  from  thence  to  Sheen,  a  monaftery  in Surrey,  where,  fays  Stowe,  it  remained  for  a  time  in what  order  1  am  not  certain.  But  iince  the  dilfolution oi  the  abbies  in  the  reign  ot  Edward  Jl  Henry  Grey then  duke  of  Suffolk  keeping  houfe  there,  I  have  been fliewed,  adds  he,  the  fame  body  as  was  affirmed,  lapped in  lead,  thrown  into  an  old  wafte  room,  amcnglt  old timber,  ftone,  lead,  and  other  rubbiih.  Stowe.  A  ilrange monument  of  human  inftability. (k)  Hollingjbead's  chron. ( l)  Idem  Stowe,  & c, Thefe fcHi  jiil iz8 A.  1541. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. Thcfe  on  their  knees  made  fubmiilion  to  his  majefty  by  the  mouth  of  Sir  Robert  Bowes, and  prefented  him  with  nine  hundred  pounds.  On  Barne/dale  the  archbifhop  of  York,  with three  hundred  of  his  clergy  and  more,  met  the  king,  and  making  a  like  fubmifiion,  gave him  fix  hundred  pounds.  From  thence  this  great  king,  gallantly  attended,  came  to  the  ci¬ ty  ot  York,  were  he  was  as  magnificently  received  as  the  city’s  prelent  condition  could fhew.  All  due  fubmiftion  made,  the  lord-mayor  prefented  his  majefty  with  one  hundred pounds ;  as  did  the  mayors  of  Newca/le  and  Hull  who  came  to  York  to  meet  him.  It  was at  this  time  and  in  this  city,  lays  Speed,  that  Henry  had  propofeda  meeting  betwixt  the  king of  Scots  and  him,  in  order  to  fettle  a  firm  peace  betwixt  the  two  kingdoms.  Which  meet¬ ing,  though  at  firft  agreed  to,  yet,  was  afterwards  withftood  by  the  Scotch  nobility,  mil- doubting  Henry's  fincerity.  He  ftayed  in  York  twelve  days,  from  thence  he  went  to  Hull-, and  fo  crofting  the  Humber,  returned  through  Lincoln/hire  into  the  fouth. A  1546.  Died  Henry  VIII.  with  the  terrible  character  of  neither  /paring  man  in  his  anger ,  nor  wo¬ man  in  his  lujl  throughout  his  whole  reign.  The  occurrences  of  it  as  to  civil  aftairs,  as  may may  be  noted,  have  been  very  little  to  my  purpole  ;  but,  in  church  hiftory,  a  great deal  of  extraordinary  matter  falls  in  my  way  which  I  leave  to  more  proper  places.  His only  fon  fucceeded  him  by  the  name  of  Edward  the  fixth,  being  then  juft  nine  years old. A.  1548.  (»)  In  the  fecond  year  of  this  king’s  reign  a  fmall  infurreCtion  began  in  the fe  parts  at Seamour  near  Scarborough.  The  principal  raifers  of  this  fedition  were  very  inconliderable fellows  to  have  their  names  remembered  in  hiftory.  William  Ambler  of  Eaft-Ha/crton ,  yeo¬ man,  Thomas  Bale  pariih-clerk  of  Seamour ,  and  one  Steven/on  ot  the  fame,  role  upon  the old  topick  of  reforming  abufes  crept  into  religion,  and  fet  the  beacon  on  fire  at  Station  in the  night,  and  fo  gathered  together  a  rude  rout  to  the  number  of  three  thoufand.  A  party of  this  rabble,  fays  my  author,  went  to  Mr.  White's  houfe  and  took  him  and  Clapton  his wife’s  brother,  on z(o)  Savage  a  merchant  of  York,  and  Berry  a  fervant  to  Sir  Walter  Mild- may ,  out  of  their  beds,  and  carried  them  upon  the  wolds  near  Seamour ,  and  there  murdered them,  and  left  their  bodies  ftark  naked  for  the  crows  to  feed  on.  The  lord  prefident  fent out  a  detachment  againft  them  from  York ,  and  a  general  pardon  to  all  that  would  immedi¬ ately  fubmit  •,  mod  of  them  difperfed  upon  this,  but  Ambler  and  the  abovenamed  rebels  re¬ filled  the  mercy.  They  were  foon  taken,  brought  to  York,  and  executed  Septetnber  21,  1549. Along  with  whom  differed  Henry  Barton ,  John  Bale,  Robert  Wright,  William  Peacock,  We¬ ther  ell  and  Buttery,  all  bufy  ftirrers  in  this  fedition. A.  1551.  On  the  i5'h  of  April  began  that  terrible  contagious  diftemper  the  /wealing  /ickne/s  in  Eng¬ land.  A  dileafe  never  heard  of  before  nor  fince  in  the  whole  world.  To  be  a  little  parti¬ cular  in  the  account  of  this  ftrange  contagion,  whole  effeCts  were  feverely  felt  in  our  city, and  becaufe  it  may  very  well  ferve  to  fill  up  a  large  gap  in  our  annals,  I  prefume  may  not be  unacceptable  to  the  reader. (p)  This  plague  firft  ftiewed  itfelf  at  Shrew/bury,  in  April aforefaid,  but  had  not  ceafed  in the  north  of  England  till  the  end  of  September  following.  It  broke  out  in  London  in  July, and  was  fo  violent  that  in  the  very  firft  week  it  fwept  off  eight  hundred  perfons.  People in  the  bed  ftate  of  health,  as  indeed  is  ufual  in  other  contagions,  were  the  moft  liable  to  be feized  by  it  ;  and  at  firft  was  certain  death  to  them  in  twenty  four  hours  time.  This  fud- den  and  levere  attack  did  fo  terrify  people  of  all  forts,  that  thofe  who  could  anyways  afford it  left  the  kingdom  upon  it.  But,  what  is  almoft  incredible,  the  contagion  followed  them, and  them  only  ;  for  at  Antwerp  and  feveral  other  towns  in  Flanders,  where  the  Englijh  had retired  to,  and  were  mixed  with  divers  other  nations,  not  one  but  they  were  infeCted  with it.  The  manner  of  its  firft  feizing  a  perfon  was  with  a  hidden  chilnefs,  then  fucceeded  a violent  fweat,  which  upon  the  admiftion  of  the  lcaft  cold  immediately  the  chilnefs  came on  and  death.  Sleep  at  firft  was  mortal  in  it,  for  they  ufually  fwooned  away,  or  elfe  died upon  waking,  if  they  flept  but  half  a  quarter  of  an  hour.  Stowe  inftances  the  quick  fata¬ lity  of  this  dileafe  by  feven  houfholders,  who  all  fupped  chearfully  together  over  night,  but before  eight  the  next  morning  fix  of  them  were  dead.  Few  that  were  taken  with  full  fto- machs  elcaped.  No  phyfical  regimen  did  any  fervice-,  except  keeping  moderately  clofe, with  fome  air  and  a  little  warm  drink,  as  poffet-drink  or  the  like,  for  thirty  hours  toge¬ ther,  and  then  the  danger  was  paft,  if  you  did  not  go  too  fuddenly  into  the  cold.  This difeafe  going  clear  through  the  kingdom,  and  affecting  none  but  our  natives  abroad  made the  nation  begin  to  repent  and  give  alms,  and  remember  God,  fays  Holling/head  from  whom that  plague  might  well  feem  to  be  fent  •,  but  as  the  contagion  in  time  ceafed,  fo  our  devo¬ tion  loon  after  decayed.  How  many  died  in  this  city  of  this  ftrange  diftemper  is  not  re¬ marked  •,  but  we  are  told,  in  Mr.  Hildyard's  collections,  that  this  year  there  was  a  great plague  in  York. The  young  king  Edward  was  taken  ill  of  a  violent  cold  in  January,  which  ended  in  a confumption,  whereof  he  died  on  the  6,h  of  July  following  ;  in  the  fixteenth  year  of  his  age, and  in  the  feventh  year  of  his  reign.  He  was  fucceeded  by (n)  Stowe's  chron.  fherifF  of  Tori  anno  1  540.  Vid.cat. p)  1  take  this  man  to  be  Richard  Savage,  who  was  (J*)  Holliiigjhiad,  Stowe. Mary 1 29 A. 1553. Chap. V.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. Man  the  eldeft  daughter  of  king  Henry  VIII.  by  Catherine  of  Spain.  In  the  (hortrein-n of  this  queen  I  have  nothing  to  my  purpofe  to  be  inferted  here.  Our  hiftorians  have  ihewn her  a  woman  ol  bloody  and  cruel  difpofition,  but  our  city  bears  no  manner  of  teftimony ot  it  ;  for  not  one  execution  either  for  treafon  or  religion  was  performed  in  it  during  her adminiftration ;  at  leaft,  the  copious  Mr.  Fox  is  filent  as  to  any  fuch  matter. (q)  A  brother  hiflorian  of  mine  has  fetched  a  king  of  Mitfcovy,  as  he  ftyles  him,  to  York.  A.  1557. I  contels  it  a  little  furprized  me,  becaufe  I  thought  the  late  Czar  Peter,  had  been  the  very fil'd  ot  his  family,  that  ever  ventured  out  of  his  own  country,  at  leaft  fo  long  and  fo  ha- zardous  a  voyage.  But  upon  fearch  into  Mr.  Stowe's  annals  I  find  the  man  has  been  taken for  the  mafier. Anno  1556,  fays  Stowe,  an  ambaffador  from  the  high  and  mighty  Evan  Vafiliwifch  em¬ peror  ot  all  Raffia,  &c.  by  name  Ofep  Napea  was  fent  to  the  famous  and  excellent  princes Philip  and  Mary,  king  and  queen  of  England,  with  prefents  in  order  to  eftablifh  a  com¬ merce  betwixt  the  two  nations.  It  feems  the  Ihip  where  the  ambaffador  was,  being  driven from  the  reft  by  ftrefs  of  weather,  was  toffed  upon  the  feas  four  months  ;  and  at  length was  ihipwrecked  on  the  coaft  of  Scotland  ;  his  Ruffian  excellency  and  fome  few  others  on¬ ly  fa  ved.  As  foon  as  it  was  known  in  London  the  fate  of  their  Ihip,  and  that  the  ambaf- lador  was  in  fafety,  the  merchants  procured  letters  from  queen  Mary  to  the  queen  dowager ol  Scotland,  for  his  kind  entertainment  there  and  fafe  conduct  up  to  London.  In  his  jour- ney  from  north  to  fouth  he  came  to  York,  where  a  ftrange  fight  he  mull  be,  being  the  firft of  his  country  ever  feen  in  England. Queen  Mary  died  and  was  fucceeded  by  Elizabeth ,  another  daughter  of  king //cwry  by  A  icr9 Anna  Bullein.  }  5 (r)  A  bold  confpiracy  was  fet  on  foot  by  Thomas  Piercy ,  earl  of  Northumberland  and  A-  1  Sm¬ others  againft  this  queen.  The  rebellion  began  in  the  north,  and  was  afterwards  ftrenuthned by  the  coming  in  of  Charles  Nevil  earl  ol  JVefimorland  with  others.  Their  defign  was  to have  fei zed  the  earl  of  Suffix  the  queen’s  lieutenant  of  the  north,  at  the  houfe  he  then  lived m,  I  fuppofe  the  archbi  (hop’s  palace,  in  Cawood  ;  but,  being  prevented,  the  affair  was  let drop  to  another  opportunity.  Soon  after  the  earl  of  Northumberland's  defigns  being  known at  court,  he  was  fent  for  by  fpecial  meffengers  to  appear  there.  Thefe  had  well  nigh  fur- piued  him  in  his  bed  at  his  manor  of  Topliff,  but  by  a  ftratagem  he  efcaped.  After  this the  two  earls  threw  off  all  difguife,  railed  forces,  and  publifhed  their  intentions ,  which were  no  Jefs,  than  to  reftore  the  catholick  religion ,  and  to  advance  Mary  queen  of  Scots  to the  hnglf/j  throne.  In  the  heat  of  this  zeal  they  haftened  to  Durham  with  their  army  -,  and forthwith went  to  the  cathedral,  where  they  tore  and  deftroyed  all  the  bibles,  communion books,  &c.  that  they  could  meet  with.  The  fame  night  they  marched  to  Branfpeth the next  day  to  Darlington  ;  where*  fays  Hollingjhead ,  a  contemporary,  and  bitter  enemy  to them,  they  lewdly  heard  mafs,  and  befprinkled  all  their  artny  with  holy  water.  Their  forces increafing  they  marched  from  thence  to  Richmond ,  then  to  Ripon,  where  they  again  had mafs  laid  in  the  cathedral.  It  was  here,  to  give  the  greater  fandlion  to  their  caufe,  that they  had  a  crofs  with  a  banner,  painted  with  the  five  wounds  of  our  faviour,  born  before Their  ftandard- bearer  was  one  Richard  Norton  whom  Speed  and  Hollingjhead  call old  Norton.  The  fame  night  they  marched  on  to  Bur roughb ridge,  and  the  next  day  to elherby ;  on  which  day  at  night  a  party  of  them  entered  Tadcajler ,  and  took  two  hundred footmen,  chafing  their  leaders  who  were  conducing  them  to  the  earl  of  Suffix  at  York, i  he  day  following  the  rebels  muftered  on  Clifford-moor ,  where  their  numbers  amounted  to fix  teen  hundred  horfe  and  four  thoufand  foot.  With  thefe  forces  their  intention  was  to march  chreejly  to  bcfiege  York  ;  but  judging  themfelves,  I  fuppofe,  yet  too  weak,  they  al- tded  their  rout  and  retired  back  into  the  bijhoprick  of  Durham,  in  order  to  lay  fiege  to  Ber- nard-cajtle.  Thiscaftle,  though  fiercely  affailed,  was  valiantly  defended  againft  their  whole aimy,  the  fpace  of  eleven  days,  by  Sir  George  Bowes ,  and  Robert  Bowes  his  brother.  Be- ing  greatly  diftreffed,  Sir  George  capitulated  and  delivered  the  caftle  to  them  on  compofi- t!°n’  ™ar.cl  with  bag  and  baggage,  armour,  munition,  &c.  which  he  and  his  gar- rilon  forthwith  dirt  towards  York. At  this  city  the  earl  of  Suffix  was  drawing  forces  together  in  order  to  quafh  this  rebel¬ lion-,  and  having  rai fed  five  thoufand  effective  men,  the  lord  lieutenant  accompanied  with the  earl  of  Rutland  his  lieutenant,  the  lord  Hunfden  general  of  the  horfe,  William  lord  Evers who  had  the  command  of  the  rear,  Sir  Ralph  Sadler  treafurer,  all  marched  from  York  on Sunday  December 11,  in  order  to  fight  the  rebels.  On  the  12th  they  halted  at  Sezay,  and Sir  George  Bowes  from  Bernard' s-caftle  meeting  them,  the  lord  prefident  made  him  marfhal of  the  army.  From  hence  they  marched  to  Northallerton ,  Smeeton ,  Croft-bridge,  and  fo on  to  Aukland ;  at  whofe,  fo  near,  approach  the  rebells  thought  fit  to  retire  to  Hexham. i  heir  itay  there  was  not  long,  for  upon  a  report  that  the  queen  had  another  great  army marching  towards  them  under  the  command  of  the  earl  of  Warwick  and  lord  Clinton,  the two  earls,  their  generals,  found  it  was  dangerous  to  ftay,  and  therefore  fled  into  Scotland , (?)  Lawyer  Hildyard't  anciq.  of  York. S (r)  Sptcd'i  chron. L  1 leaving !3o  the  HISTORY  and. ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. A.  .1569.  leaving  their  miferable  army  to  fliift  for  themfelvcs*,  who  being  thus  deferted  by  their leaders  difperfed  fcveral  ways,  but  were  almoft  all  killed  or  taken  by  the  queen’s  army  and the  country  people.  Of  thofe  that  were  taken  were  executed  at  Durham  to  the  number of  fixty  fix,  conftables  and  fuch  fellows,  for  I  find  none  of  any  note  here  except  an  aider- man  named  Slruther ,  and  a  prieft  called  parfon  Plumtree.  Sir  George  Bowes  had  it  now in  his  power  to  glut  his  revenge,  which  he  did  to  the  purpofe;  my  author  (s)  fays,  he had  it  from  himfelf,  that  he  caufed  fome  of  them  to  be  executed  in  every  market  town, and  every  publick  place,  from  Newcaftle  to  Wetherby  a  country  fixty  miles  long,  and forty  broad,  which  m.uft  needs  deftroy  great  numbers  of  thefe  wretches.® A.  1570.  On  Good- Friday ,  March  27,  Simon  Digby  of  AJkew ,  John  Fultborpe  of  lfelbeck  in  this covin ty,  efqrs.  Robert  Pennyman  of  Stoxley,  Thomas  Biffiop ,  the  younger,  of  Pocklington  gen¬ tlemen,  were  drawn  from  the  caftle  of  fork  to  the  place  of  execution,  called  Jfcnarcfrmre » and  there  hanged,  headed  and  quartered.  Their  four  heads  were  fet  up  on  the  four  prin¬ cipal  gates  of  the  city,  with  four  of  their  quarters.  The  other  quarters  were  let  up  in  di- verle  places  in  the  country  (t). The  two  earls  being  fled  into  Scotland ,  the  earl  of  Weftmorland  found  means  foon  after  to get  into  Flanders ,  where,  according  to  Speed’s  charitable  infinuation,  he  died  miferably  eaten up  with  the  pox.  The  other  unfortunate  nobleman,  having  been  forced  to  live  fculking fome  time  amongft  the  robbing  borderers ,  was  at  length  found  out  and  betrayed  by  a  perfon he  had  very  mqch  obliged  in  like  circumftances,  the  earl  of  Moreton  («)  then  vice-roy  of Scotland ,  who  delivered  him  to  the  lord  Hunfdon  governour  of  Berwick ,  and  being  brought to  Fork ,  having  been  before  attainted  by  parliament,  he  was  on  the  22d  of  Augufi  beheaded on  a  fcaffold  fet  up  for  that  purpofe  in  the  Pavement  ;  his  head  was  fet  on  a  high  poll  on A  2  Micklegate-bar  (x)  ;  but  his  body  was  buried  in  Crux-church  by  two  of  his  fervants;  where he  now  lies  without  any  memorial.  He  died,  fays  Speed,  avowing  the  pope’s  fupremacy,  de¬ nying  fubjetlion  to  the  queen,  affirming  the  land  to  be  in  a  fehifm ,  and  her  obedient  fubjeEis  no  better than  hertlicks. This  was  the  lafl  open  attempt  made  to  reftore  the  Roman  catholick  religion  in  this  king¬ dom-,  which  might  have  given  Elizabeth  much  more  trouble  to  quell,  had  the  confpiracy been  ftrengthned  by  the  promifed  aid  from  Rome.  But  wanting  the  finews  of  war,  money, an  hundred  thouffind  pounds  from  the  apojlclical  chamber  religion  itfelf  was  too  weak  for  the overthrow  of  fo  mighty  a  queen  -,  eftablifhed  in  the  throne  of  her  anceftors,  and  held there,  by  the  deepeit  policy  in  herfelf,  as  well  as  the  more  general  inclinations  of  her fubjedts. A.  1602.  Shefinifhed  the  courfe  of  a  long,  profperous  and  truly  glorious  reign,  without  any  more occurrences  in  it  for  my  purpofe.  And  died  at  her  manor  of  Richmond  on  Thurfday  (y) March  22,  after  a  reign  of  forty  four  years,  five  months,  and  odd  days. Immediately,  upon  Elizabeth’s  demile,  James  VI.  king  of  Scotland ,  fon  to  the  late  queen Marx  of  that  kingdom,  and  grand  fon  to  that  princefs,  whom  we  received  with  fo  much honour  and  refpedt  in  this  city  fome  years  before,  was  proclaimed  king  of  England ,  &c. in  London.  But  notwithstanding  the  fpeedy  and  publick  notice  given  of  the  queen’s  death, together  with  the  proclamation  of  the  immediate  and  undoubted  lawfull  fuccefior  to  the Engliffi  crown  and  kingdom,  fays  the  continuator  of  Stowe's  annals,  yet  the  news  of  it reached  not  the  city  of  Fork,  only  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles  diftant,  untill  Sunday  March 27.  Neither,  adds  my  author,  did  the  lord-mayor  and  aldermen  of  Fork  give  full  credit to  the  report  then  ;  though  they  had  received  it  from  the  lord  Burleigh ,  then  lord  prefident of  the  council  in  the  north  and  lord  lieutenant  of  Forkjhire.  Robert  Water  lord-mayor  of Fork ,  with  the  aldermen  his  brethren,  had  prepared  themfelves  to  have  made  proclamation in  their  chief  market-place  of  the  death  of  the  queen,  and  the  prefent  right  of  king  James to  the  fuccefiion  that  Sunday  morning,  yet  fuch  was  their  doubt  of  the  truth  of  the  report that  they  Hopped  proceedings,  till  they  had  fent  the  recorder  with  Thomas  Herbert  and  Ro¬ bert  Ajkwith  aldermen  to  the  lord  prefident  to  know  what  certainty  his  lordfhip  had  of  it. The  lord  prefident  anfwered  them  that  he  had  no  other  intelligence,  but  only  from  a  fecret friend  at  court,  whom  he  believed.  But  whilfl:  they  were  thus  in  the  houfe  of  the  lord  pre¬ fident,  a  gentleman  of  his  own  arrived,  with  a  packet  of  letters  from  the  nobility  and  privy counfellors,  declaring  the  queen’s  death,  and  the  proclamation  of  the  king  by  them  and  the lord-mayor  of  London.  Then  inftantly  the  lord-mayor  of  Fork  and  his  brethren  having  receiv¬ ed  the  proclamation  in  print,  proclaimed  the  king  ol  Scots  their  true  and  lawful  king;  that is  to  fay,  James  by  the  grace  of  God  king  of  England,  Scotland,  France,  and  Ireland, defender ,  &c.  in  all  the  publick  places  of  the  city  with  all  duty,  love,  integrity  and  joyful acclamations. (s)  Stow.  ward?  ftoln  from  thence. (/)  Idem.  [y)  This  day  of  the  week  was  fatal  to  king  Henry  VIII, [u)  This  was,  fays  Dugdale,  in  order  to  curry  favour  and  all  his  pofterity ;  himlelf,  his  fon  Edtoard,  hisdaugh- wuh  Etizabeth,  that  Hie  might  deliver  to  him  Mary  ters  Mary,  and  Elizabeth,  having  made  Thurfday  re- queen  of  Scots,  then  prifoner  in  England.  Dug.  Bar.  markable  by  their  exits  on  it.  Stow. (jt)  Where  it  continued  for  two  years,  but  was  after- Mafter Chap.  IV.  '(if  bbk  CITY  Of  YORK.  131 Matter  Edmund  Howes,  the  continuator  of  Slowed  hiftory,  feems,  by  the  particularity  of  A.  i6oj. this  affair,  which  I  have  taken  from  him,  to  have  been  either  a  native  or  an  inhabitant  of this  city,  or  one;  atleaft,  that  paid  a  great  regard  to  the  affairs  of  it.  The  reader  will the  more  readily  come  into  my  conjecture,  when  he  fees  the  account  this  author  gives  of king  James’ s  reception  into  York,  in  his  firft  progrefs  from  Edinborough  to  London ;  which  I lhall  beg  leave  to  give  in  his  own  words. “  On  the  fifteenth  of  April  his  majefty  fet  forwards  from  Durham  towards  Torke ,  his trairre  ttill  increafing,  by  the  numbers  of  gentlemen  from  the  fouth  parts,  that  came  to “  offer  him  fealty  :  whofe  love  although  he  greatly  tendered,  yet  did  their  multitudes  fo “  Opprefs  the  country,  and  made  proviffon  fo  dear,  that  he  was  fain  to  publifh  an  inhibi- tion  againft  the  inordinate  and  daily  accefs  of  the  people  coming,  that  many  were  flopped  - “  in  their  way. “  The  high  tti'eriffe  of  Yorkjhire  very  well  accompanied  attended  his  majetty  to  matter “  Inglebyes  befide  Yopcliffe being  about  fixteen  miles  from  Walworth ,  where  the  king  had “  l.iin  the  night  before-,  who  with  all  joy  and  humility  received  his  majefty,  and  he  retted “  there  that  night. “  'I'he  lord-mayor  and  aldermen  of  Yorke ,  upon  certayne  knowledge  of  the  king’s  jour- “  ney  into  England,  with  all  diligence  confulted  what  was  fitteft  to  be  done  for  the  receiving “  and  entertayning  fo  mighty  and  gracious  a  foveraygne  as  well  within  the  city,  as  at  the “  outmoft  bounds  and  limits  thereof:  as  alfo  what  further  fervice  or  duteous  refpeCl  they “  ought  to  fliew  his  majefty  uppon  fo  good  and  memorable  occafion  as  now  was  offered “  unto  them  :  and  thereupon  they  lent  Robert  Afkwilh  alderman  unto  Newcajlle ,  and  there “  in  the  behalfe  of  the  lord-mayor  and  citizens  of  Yorke ,  to  make  tender  of  their  zealous “  love  and  dutie,  for  the  which  his  majeftiegave  them  heartie  thankes. “  And  uppon  Saturday  the  i6,hof  April ,  John  Robinfon  and  George  Buck  iheriffes  of “  Yorke,  with  their  white  roddes,  being  accompanyed  with  an  hundreth  cittizens,  and  three- “  fcore  other*  efquiers,  gentlemen  and  others,  the  moft  fubftantial  perfons,  being  all  well “  mounted,  they  received  the  king  at  the  eaft-end  of  Skip-bridge ,  which  was  the  uemoft: “  boundes  of  the  libertyes  of  the  cittie  of  Yorke  \  and  there  kneeling,  the  fheriffes  delivered “  their  white  roddes  unto  the  king  with  acknowledgement  of  their  love  and  allegiance  unto “his  rfiajcftie,  for  the  which  the  king,  with  cheerful  l  countenance,  thanked  them  and  gave “  them  their  roddes  agayne  •,  the  which  they  carried  all  the  way  up-right  in  their  handes “  ryding  all  the  way  next  before  the  fergeants  at  armes. “  And  before  the  king  cariie  to  the  cittie,  his  majeftie  had  fent  Syr  Thomas  Challenor  to “  the  lord-major  and  aldermen,  to  knowe  who  formerlie  had  borne  the  fworde  before  the “  kihges  of  England  at  their  coming  to  Yorke  \  and  to  whome  of  right  that  office  for  that “  tyme  appertained  *,  bccaufe  it  had  been  anciently  performed  by  the  carles  of  Cumberland , “  as  hereditary  to  that  houfe,  but  was  now  chalenged  by  the  lord  prefident  of  the  north  for «*  the  time  being  as  proper  to  his  place:  but  uppon  due  fearch  and  examination  it  was “  agreed,  that  the  honour  to  bear  the  fworde  before  the  king  in  York e,  belonged  unto  George “■  tv.rl  of  Cumberland ,  who  all  the  while  the  king  was  in  Yorke  bare  the  fworde,  for  fo  the “  king  willed,  and  for  that  purpofe  fent  Syr  Thomas  Challener  agayne  to  the  lord-mayor, “  and  the  lord-major  bare  the  great  mace  of  the  cittie  going  alwayes  on  the  lefte  hande  of “  the  earle. “  And  when  the  king  came  to  the  cittie,  -Which  was  well  prepared  to  give  his  highnefs “  and  his  royal  trayne  entertaincment,  then  the  lord-major  with  the  twelve  aldermen  in “  their  fcarlett  robes,  and  the  foure  and  twenty  in  crimofin  gownes,  accompanyed  with “  many  others' of  the  graveft  menne,  met  the  king  at  Micklegat e-bar,  his  majefty  going “  betweerie  the  duke  of  Linneox  and  the  lord  Hume ,  and  when  the  king  came  near  to  the “  fcaffold  where  the  lord-major  with  the  recorder,  the  twelve  aldermen  and  the  foure  and “  twentie  all  kneeling,  the  lord-major  faid,  iriofi  high  and  mightie  prince ,  I  and  my  brethren “  do  mojl  he  art  Hie  Wellcome  your  majeflie  to  your  highnefs  cittie ,  and  in  token  of  our  duties ,  I  de- “  liver  unto  your  majeflie  all  my  duthoritie  of  this  your  highnefs  cittie ,  and  then  rofe  uppe  and “  killed  the  (word  and  delivered  it  into  the  kinges  hand,  and  the  king  gave  it  to  the  duke “  of  Linnecx,  who  according  to  the  kinges  appoyntment  delivered  it  unto  the  earle  of “  Cumberland  to  beare  it  before  his  majeflie. “  The  lord-major  alfo  delivered  up  the  keyes  of  the  cittie,  the  which  the  lord  Hume “  received  and  carried  them  to  the  manor  :  and  when  the  recorder  had  ended  his  grave  ora- “■  tion  in  behalfe  of  the  cittie,  then  the  lord-major,  as  the  king  commanded,  tooke  horfe “  and  bare  the  cittie  mace  ryding  on  the  lefte  hande  of  the  earle  of  Cumberland ,  who  bare <<■  the  fword  of  the  cittie,  and  fo  attended  his  majeftie  to  St.  Peter’s  church,  and  was  there *»  royaly  received  by  the  deanes,  prebends,  and  the  whole  quyer  of  finging  menne  of  that “  cathedral  church  in  their  richeft  coapes.  At  the  entrance  into  the  church,  the  deane “  made  a  learned  oration  in  Latine ,  which  ended  the  king  attended  the  quyer  :  the  canapa “  was  flip  ported  by  fix  lords,  and  was  placed  in  a  throne  prepared  for  his  majeftie,  and “  during  divine  ftrvice  there  came  three  fergeantes  at  armes  with  their  maces  prefling  to “  ftand  by  the  throne  ;  but  the  earl  of  Cumberland  put  them  downe,  faying,  that  place  for “  that  tyme  belonged  to  him  and  the  lord-major,  and  not  to  them. “  Divine 2 A  i6o_ the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. „  “  Ij>'V1Le  .ferVlce  bel"§  cnd^d’  the  king  returned  in  the  fame  royal  manner  he  came  •  the ,<  "apl  b  T  Carry^d  0ver  h'm  unt0  the  mannor  of  St.  Manes,  where  the  lord  Burleigh „  ?"?  ,c0™ce'  g-e  their  attendance,  and  received  his  majeftie,  where  dodtor  &»„rthaviL „  ended  his  eloquent  oration,  the  king  went  into  his  chamber,  the  fworde  and  mace  bein- cc  -Z  b0rnf  hl  the  ea^  e  and .  lord-mayor,  who  left  the  fworde  and  mace  there  that night ;  and  when  the  lord-major  was  to  depart,  the  lord  Hume  delivered  him  a^avne  the “  keyes  of  the  cittie.  53  '1C  U1C “  The  next  day  being  Sunday -the  i7»  of  April,  1603,  the  lord-major  with  the  re- corder,  the  aldermen  and  fheriffes,  and  the  twentie  foure  with  all  their  chiefe  officers ‘and  the  preacher  of  the  cittie  and  towne-clerk,  in  very  comely  order  went  unto  the „  ?anor  ’  0 C  whome  fo  f°on  ns  the  king  hadde  knowledge  of  their  comming,  willed  that fo  many  of  them  as  the  roome  would  permitte  fhould  come  into  the  privie  chamber ;;  'vhfre.,the  lOTd-mnjor  prerented  his  majeftie  with  a  fayre  cuppe,  with  a  cover  of  f.lve; c<  cr„M?'!n^Tk1S!'ln|  fe?ent“r  a"d  thrf  Ounces,  and  in  the  fame  two  hundreth  angells  of „  fk  d  \  ,”d  he  1  ord-major  fay  dee,  moft  high  and  migbtie  prime,  I  and  my  brethren  and  all ««  rLZh  Id  Z. the  your  highnejfe  cittie,  prefent  unto  your  moft  excellent  majeftie  this “  hulhlliofw'  m  ‘0hr  f  ‘m  cUh^  af‘ai°n  me  beareyour  highnejfe  in  our  heartes,  moft .1  1 n!'  hle-c{’ln£  y°ur.  h'gbnt  favourable  acceptaunce  thereof,  and  your  moft  gracious  favour “  unto’rhem  ^  5  the  which  his  maJeftie  gratioufly  accepted  and  faide „  •  u  uiu  T  ilefsy°u  the  belter,  for  your  good  will  towards  your  king.  The  lord¬ 's  ^fwemdUmi,b  yn,ber?n k‘"f  r°  d,ne  with  him  uPPon  the  nc«  Tuefdaie  :  the  king anfwered,  he  fhould  ride  thence  before  that  tyme,  but  he  would  break  his  faft  with  him in  the  next  morning. “  This  Sundae  the  king  went  to  the  minder  and  heard  a  fermon  made  by  the  deane  (z), „  7 h°  was  byfhoppe  of  Lmencie  in  Ireland,  the  lord-major,  aldermen  and  fheriffes  and „  foure  a"d  twenty  atte"ded  upon  the  king,  the  earle  (fill  bearing  the  fword,  the  lord- „  "laJOTthi  mace’  and , the  bearing  up  their  roddes,  as  well  within  the  church, „  ,  he  .ts>  marching  before  the  king  unto  the  mannor  ;  the  next  daye  bein'*  Mon- „  rA  a  C  the  lord-major  came  to  the  mannor,  being  accompanycd  and  at¬ tended  by  the  recorder,  the  aldermen,  and  foure  and  twentie  and  others,  and  attended there:  and  at  tenne  of  the  clock  the  king,  with  his  royal  traine,  went  to  the  lord  ma- ,  jor  s  houfe  and  there  dined  ;  after  dinner  the  king  walked  to  the  deanes-houfe,  and  was there  entertained  with  a  banquette;  at  the  deanerie  the  king  took  horfe,  and  paffed „  f™ugv, the  “We  forth  at  Muklegate  towards  Grimftone,  the  houfe  of  fir  Edward  Stan- „  I™  -n  °f  Cumberla"de  and  the  lord-major  beareing  the  fword  and  mace  before the  king  untill  they  came  unto  the  houfe  of  St.  Kathren,  at  which  place  the  earl  faid is  1  your  majefties  pleafure  that  I  deliver  the  fword  agayne  unto  my  lord-maior  for  he is  now  at  the  utmoft  partes  of  the  liberties  of  this  cittie,  then  the  king  willed  the  earle to  deliver  the  major  his  fworde  againe  :  then  the  major  alighted  from  his  horfe  and  kneel- „  jave  of,the  k'nS’  and  the  king  pulling  off  his  glove,  tooke  the  major by  the  handeand  gave  him  thankes,  and  fo  rode  towards  Grimftone,  being  attended  bv “  the  fhneffes  to  the  midell  of  fadcajfter-bridge ,  being  the  utmoft  boundes  of  their  liber- ,  nes’  The  next  daP  tlle  lord-major,  according  as  he  was  commanded  by  a  nobleman ‘  ?me  tae  ljlcxt  morning  unto  the  court  at  Grimftone,  accompanyed  with  the  recorder  and ,  1,15  brethren,  viz.  W.Robinftm,  James  Birkbie,  William  Greenburie,  and  Robert ^AJkwith,  and  certain  chiefe  officers  of  the  cittie,  and  when  his  majeftie  underftood  of their  comming,  he  willed  that  the  major  with  matter  RoKnftm  and  matter  Birklde  fhould «  be  br°l,,ght  ,UP  lnt°  h!s  bed-chamber,  and  the  king  faid,  my  lord-major,  our  meaning a  a,  to  have  beftowed  a  knighthood  upon  you  in  your  own  houfe,  but  the  companie ,  bcintr  % great  we  rather  thought  it  good  to  have  you  here,  and  then  his  majeftie  knighted  the  lord- major  (a),  for  which  honour  the  lord-major  gave  his  majeftie  moft  humble  and  hearti- “  thankes  and  returned. This  was  the  firft  reception  king  James  met  with  in  the  city  of  York  from  the  citizens ;  and it  was  here  alfo,  that  all  the  lords  of  the  council  did  attend  his  majefty  ;  and  all  preparation was  made  that  he  might  appear,  fays  an  hiftorian,  in  that  northern  metropolis  like  a  kino- .  England,  and  take  that  Hate  on  him  which  was  not  known  in  Scotland  (b).  The  kin? ieerned  Ip  much  pleafed  with  the  duty  and  honours  paid  him  by  the  lord  mayor  and  citizens! that  at  dinner  with  them  he  expreffed  himfelf  much  in  favour  of  the  city,  feemed  concerned that  their  river  was  in  fo  bad  a  condition,  and  faid  it  fhould  be  made  more  navigable-,  and  that be  bimjelj  would  come  and  be  a  burgefs  among  them  ( cj. We  come  next  to  the  queen’s  reception  into  York,  in  her  journey  to  London  from  Edenbo- rotgh,  tilt  fame  annalift,  I  have  before  quoted,  writes  thus  of  this  affair: “  The  queen,  fays  he,  being  in  all  reipefts  prepared,  accompanyed,  and  attended  as  was meet  for  foe  greace  a  princeffe,  being  likewife  accompanyed  with  her  two  eldefte  cliil ‘  deren,  that  is  to  fay,  prince  Harry  and  the  lady  Elizabeth,  they  made  a  happy  journey  from (z)  Dr.  rbornheougb. .  ■  Rtbtrt  v, (b)  Hift.  of  the  court  of  king  James  I. ( c)  Hi/JyarJ' s  ant  of  Turk. “  Scotland Ill Chap.  V.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. “  Scotland  to  England,  and  were  in  all  places  wherefoever  they  arrived  moft  joyfully  received “  and  entertained  in  as  loving,  duteous  and  honourable  a  manner  as  all  cities,  townes,  and “  particularly  knyghtes  and  gentlemen  had  formerlie  done  to  the  hinges  moft  excellent  ma- “  jeftie  ;  which  for  brevities  fake  1  here  omit.  And  for  a  taft  for  all  will  only  fpeak  briefly “  ol  their  coming  to  the  cittie  of  7'orke ,  where  the  lord  mayor,  aldermen  and  cittizens,  at- “  tending  their  coming  at  the  outmoft  boundes  of  their  liberties,  with  all  magnificence “  brought  the  queen,  the  prince,  and  the  lady  Elizabeth  unto  the  cittie  of  York  the  i  i'h  of “  June:  where  they  repofed  themfelves  certain  daies,  in  which  fpace  the  cittie  fpared  not “  i°r  any  cofte  to  give  them  royal  entertainment,  and  prefented  them  with  feveral  giftes  as “  true  fignes  of  their  zealous  love  and  duty:  the  queen  came  thither  on  IVhitfun  eve,  and “  upon  IVednejclay  following,  the  queen  with  the  prince  the  lady  Elizabeth  rode  from  York “  to  Grimftone ,  &c. The  prclents  that  were  beftowed  on  this  occafion,  [  find  in  an  old  Manufcript  (d),  were firft,  a  large  Iilver  cup  with  a  cover  double  gilt  weighing  forty  eight  ounces  to  the  queen, with  fourfeore  angclls  of  gold  included  in  it.  To  the  prince  was  prefented  a  Iilver  cup  with a  cover  double  gilt  weight  twenty  ounces,  and  twenty  pounds  in  gold.  And  laftly  to  the princefs  Elizabeth  a  purfe  of  twenty  angells  of  gold. The  fame  year  a  great  peftilence  began  in  London ,  of  which  died  in  twelve  months  30578 perfons. The  next  year  London  was  intirely  free  from  this  plague,  but  the  reft  of  the  kingdom  fuf-  a.  2664 fered  cxtreamly  by  it;  and  at  York  died  of  it  to  the  number  of  3512  perfons.  A  number would  make  a  great  gap  in  its  prefent  inhabitants.  The  markets  were  all  cried  down  ; the  lord  prefident’s  courts  adjourned  to  Ripon  and  Durham  ;  many  of  the  citizens  left  their houfes.  The  infedted  were  lent  to  Hob-more  and  Iiorfefair ,  where  booths  were  eredled  for them  of  boards.  The  minfter  and  minfter-yard  were  clofe  fhut  up  (e).  This  is  the  laft contagion  this  city  has  been  vifited  with.  Et  avertat  Deus  in  aelernum. A  moft  unhappy  and  melancholy  accident  fell  out  in  an  honourable  and  ancient  family  of  A  160- this  county,  which  becaufe  I  bear  a  great  regard  for  a  very  worthy  defeendant  of  that  houfe, I  omit  the  particulars.  The  miferable  adtor  of  it  flood  mute  at  his  tryal  in  York ,  and  was therefore  adjudged  to  be  prefled  to  death,  which  was  accordingly  executed  on  him  Aug.  5. the  fame  year  at  the  caftle  of  York. About  Martinmafs  began  an  extream  froft;  the  river  Ouze  was  wholly  frozen  up,  fo  hard  A.  1607. that  you  might  have  palled  with  cart  and  carriage  as  well  as  upon  firm  ground.  Many fports  were  pradlifed  on  the  ice  ;  as  fhooting  at  eleven  fcore,  fays  my  ancient  (f)  authority, bowling,  playing  at  football,  cudgels,  &c.  And  a  horfe-race  was  run  from  the  tower  at S.  Mary-gate-end ,  along  and  under  the  great  arch  of  the  bridge,  to  the  Crain  at  Skeldergate poflern. (g)  December  3.  the  honourable  fir  John  Sheffield ,  with  his  brothers  fir  Edmond  and  A.  1624. Mr.  Philip  Sheffield ,  fons  to  the  lord  Sheffield  lord  prelident  of  the  north,  in  pafling  Wbitgift ferry,  were  drowned  with  all  their  fervants,  and  none  of  their  bodies  ever  found.  °  A (h)  On  the  16th  of  January  the  fame  year  it  began  to  fnow  and  freeze,  and  fo  by  intervals Inowrng  without  any  thaw  till  the  7"1  of  March  following  •,  at  which  time  was  fuch  a  heavy fnow  upon  the  earth  as  was  not  remembered  by  any  man  then  living.  It  pleafed  God  that  at the  thaw  fell  very  little  rain,  neverthelefs  the  flood  was  fo  great,  that  the  Ouze  ran  down Norlhftrcet  and  Skeldergate  with  fuch  violence  as  to  force  all  the  inhabitants  of  thofe  ftreets  to leave  their  houfes.  This  inundation  chanced  to  happen  in  the  aflize  week,  John  Ar  mil  age efquire,  being  then  high-fiherift  of  Yorkjhire.  Bufinefs  was  hereby  much  obftrudled  ;  tit Ouj'e  bridge  end  were  four  boats  continually  employed  in  carrying  people  crols  the  river  ■,  the like  in  Walmgate  crofs  the  Fofs.  Ten  days  this  inundation  continued  at  the  height  and  ma¬ ny  bridges  were  driven  down  by  it  in  the  country,  and  much  land  overflown.  After  this ftorm,  lays  my  manufcript,  followed  fuch  fair  and  dry  weather,  that  in  April  the  ground was  as  dufty  as  in  any  time  of  fummer.  This  drought  continued  till  the  2o,h  of  Auguft  fol¬ lowing  without  any  rain  at  all ;  and  made  fuch  a  fcarcity  of  hay,  beans  and  barley,  that  the former  was  fold  at  York  for  30  s.  and  40  s.  a  wayne  load  ;  and  at  Leeds  for  four  pounds. On  the  iolh  of  Auguft  came  king  James  to  York ,  in  his  progrefs  towards  Scotland ,  accom-  A.  161-. panied  with  many  earls,  barons,  knights,  efquires,  both  Scotch  and  Englijh  ( i ).  The  fhe- riffs  of  the  city,  clad  in  their  fcarlet  gowns,  attended  with  one  hundred  young  citizens  on horfeback  in  fuitable  habits,  met  the  king  on  Yadcafter  bridge,  and  carried  their  white  rods before  him  till  they  came  at  Micklegat e-bar .  Here  the  lord-mayor,  aldermen,  and  twenty four  with  many  other  citizens,  Handing  on  the  north-fide  within  the  rails,  did  welcome  his majefty  to  his  city  of  York.  The  lord-mayor  on  his  knees  prefented  the  fword  with  all  the keys  of  the  gates  and  pofterns,  and  likewife  prefented  a  Handing  cup  with  a  cover  of  filver double  gilt,  which  coft  30/.  5s.  y  d-,  a  purfe  of  3/.  price,  with  one  hundred  double  fove- reignsinit;  and,  adds  my  authority,  made  a  very  worthy  and  witty  fpeech  at  the  delivery  of (g)  Ex  eodem. ( b)  Ex  eodem. ( i)  Ex  eodem  MS. M  m ( d)  Ex  MS.  penes  me. ( e)  Ex  eodem. (f)  Ex  eodem. each 134 A.  1617. A.  1625. , A.  1633. 7he  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES Book  I. ,  ■  ,  u  L  *  rr  a frpr  him  fcrieant  Hutlon,  recorder,  made  a  long  oration  ; each  particular  to  the  king.  Alter  him  lerjeant  >  .  ,  j  the  city-s  c/,;,f thence  his  majedy  rode  to  the  minder,  where  he  heard  divine  lcrvice,  ana W ^The" n ext^d a yS he° dined  with  the  lord  SteJM,  lord  pref, dent,  at  ^ ^^fter  dfnner “and banquet^^h^made^eigh^ knights^ walked  the  chapter-houfe  and church,  which  he  much  commended  for  its  elegant  workmanship The  day  after  his  majedy  rode  in  his  coach  through  the  city  with  all  h.s  tram  to  mjeeps thorp  where  he  dined  with  ‘toby  Mathew  archbifhop.  wVre  the  arrhbilhop  preach- n n  the  1 3'“  being  Sunday,  his  majedy  went  to  the  cathedi  al,  whe  e  the  ai  cm  nnop  1 mmsSrnm  .  5 th  M y  manufcHpt^informs  me,  that  at  this  time  the  city  was  charged  with  up  l  in  fees  to tH  Kecking  7-«,  and  was  fucceeded  by  Chariot  hisfccond  fon,  the  elded,  Henry,  dying ssswmmisiMMi wer  the  topicksthe  malecontents  threw  againlt  king  Charles  s  goven  »  *  J :Hi'fea;is3=;s.rr=?" s-srs — r;sir.“':f  r"i  w*.  ^  j  *- The^ lord" mayor  recorder  and  aldermen,  danding  within  Micklegatcbar,  on  a  fcaffold  ereft- V f  ‘ 1  numofe  '  faluted  the  king  at  his  entrance,  and  the  lord-mayor  on  his  knees  del, - «md  up  tfe  kPeys ’of  the  city  in  a  blue  filk  dring,  as  alfo  the  fword  and  mace,  and  deliver¬ ed  himfelf  in  the  following  manner  (m). .1  Sufmtft  ;SrLed  ibvereign,  whofe  perfon  is  the  image  of  the  glo- «  riouS wS courfes  are  paths  of  piety  and  religion,  whofe  wifdorn  an  goodnefs  is «  ru„  neareable  government  of  this  your  common-wealth  •,  ever  happy  be  the  aay  or  youi ..s:,rs:r h  mi .d fit™,™.  "S “  fuch  overflowing  of  confolations,  as  that  our  tongues  would  become  unfit  meffeng,rs ..  our  hearts,  Ihould  they  endeavour  to  exprefs  them. “  And,  in  humble  tedimony  of  our  obedience,  we  render  unto  you  P  h «  fword  of  judice,  that  it  hath  pleafed  your  gracious  majedy  and  noblTPr°Senlt°"  “  ‘ “  honoured  the  government  of  this  your  ancient  city  withal ;  rejoicing  to  return  unto 1  you “  what  we  have  received  from  you,  accounting  it  our  greateft  happmefs  t .  hve  under  he -  command  of  him,  who  is  the  light  of  his  lubjefts  eyes,  the  glory  and  admiration  oi  the “  fi" AWnd  wTth  the  fword,  in  further  tedimony  of  our  faith  and  obedience  we  alfo  prefent “unto  you  this  mace,  with  the  keys  ot  our  city-gates,  acknowledging  and  well  afluring  our (k)  Sir  Robert  AJkzvith. (l)  Sir  Richard  Hutton  afterwards  judge  Hutton. (m)  Ex  MS.  This  harangue  from  a  perfon  who  was  the  puritan  par  y. afterwards  a  member  of  that  parliament  which  voted  the king’s  deltruftion,  is  a  teftimony  of  the  great  fincenty  ot “  felvej I Chap.  V.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.. “  felves  never  to  be  fo  happy  as  when  we  are  under  your  gracious  government  and  pro- 44  tedlion  •,  whole  ingrefs  and  (laying  here  with  us  we  humbly  defire  may  be  delightful  and “  happy  unto  your  further  progrels,  and  return  may  be  profperous  and  fuccefsful. 44  And  that  it  may  be  fo,  let  all  true  hearted  fubjetts  ever  pray,  vival  rex ,  God  blefs 44  king  Charles.,  Amen ,  Amen. The  recorder  of  York ,  when  the  lord-mayor  had  ended  his  harangue,  addrefs’d  himfdf* on  his  knees,  to  the  king  as  follows  : (n)  44  Mojl  gracious  five  reign, 44  Your  faithful  and  obedient  fubjedts  the  mayor  and  commonality  of  this  city,  in  all 44  humble  manner  prefent  themfelves  and  their  bounder)  fervices  to  your  facred  majefty, 44  which  according  to  precedent  cuftom  they  humbly  prefent  by  me  though  every  way  unfit 44  to  fpeak  in  your  royal  prefence  •,  and  therefore  I  humbly  beg  your  majefty’s  favourable 44  excufe  of  my  imperfedtions,  and  that  you  will  be  gracioufiy  pleafed  to  licence  me  a  few 44  words  on  the  behalf  of  this  your  city,  which  is  the  metropolitan  of  thefe  parts,  fcituate “  towards  the  middle  of  this  ifland,  and  equally  diftanced  between  your  two  regal  cities  of 44  the  fame. 44  This  city,  dread  fivereign  lord,,  for  antiquity  is  not  inferiour  to  any  other  of  this  realm  ; 44  in  former  time  it  hath  been  beautified  by  the  refidence  and  courts,  of  fome  Roman  empe- 44  rours,  and  afterwards  of  divers  kings-,  enrich’d  by  trade,  and  by  thofe  means  was  grea- 44  ter  and  more  populous  than  now  it  is ;  for  of  later  times  trading  here  decreas’d  and  that 44  principally  by  reafon  of  fome  hindrance  in  the  river  nr  he  greatnefs  of  (hips  now  in 44  ufe  -,  for  which  neverthelefs  this  river,  by  your  royal  afliftance,  might  be  made  fervicea- 44  ble  ;  and  untill  that  be  done,  there  is  noe  hope  that  this  citty  will  attain  its  former  fplen- 44  dour  apd  greatnefs. 44  In  the  mean  time  we  are  much  fupported  by  other  means  from  your  royal  majefty,  as 44  by  an  eminent  feat  of  juftice  here  continued  before  the  lord  prefident  and  council,  to  the 44  great  eafe  and  benefit  of  us  and  all  other  your  fubjedts  in  thefe  parts.  Likewife  of  your 44  munificent  charter  for  confirmation  qf  our  ancient  liberties  witli  ample  addition  of  divers 44  more. 44  And  now  that  we  have  an  opportune  time  by  your  gracious  prefence  we  render  to  your 44  excellent  majefty  our  humbled  thankfulnefs  for  thefe  royal  favours,  and  together,  with 44  them  for  all  other  benefits  which  we  enjoy  by  your  majefty’s  religious  and  juft  govern- 44  ment,  in  regard  whereof  may  be  truly  faid  of  your  majefty  in  your  own  perfon  as  was 44  fome  time  faid  of  the  wife  king,  that  there  is  fapienlia  Dei  in  rege  ad  faciendam  jujli- 44  tiam. 44  But,  mod  efpecially,  when  we  confider  the  happy  and  admired  peace  wherein  we  live, 44  whilft  other  nations  are  full  of  the  miferies  of  warrs,  as  if  this  fingular  bleffing  was  appro- 44  priated  to  your  majefty  alone,  and  l'oe  derived  to  us  your  fubjefts,  then  we  want  words 44  diffidently  to  exprefs  our  thankfullnefs  for  fuch  protection  but  in  your  majefty’s  own  pi- 44  ous  words  doe  acknowledge  that  you  reign,  Cbrifio  aufpice  ;  and  we  heartily  pray  almigh- 44  ty  God  that  your  (acred  majefty  may  long  and  profperoufly  reign  over  us,  and  that  your 44  throne  may  be  eftabliffied  on  you  and  yours  to  the  world’s  end  with  increafe  of  all  honour 44  and  felicity.  Amen. The  recorder  having  ended  his  oration  the  king  ordered  the  fword,  mace  and  keys  to  be delivered  back  to  the  lord-mayor,  who  mounted  on  horfeback,  being  clad  in  a  fcarlet  gown faced. with  rich  furr  and  carried  the  mace  (o)  before  his  majefty  i  four  footmen  in  black  vel¬ vet  attending  him.  The  aldermen  richly  decked  and  horfed  made  up  the  ceremony,  riding before  the  king  to  the  manor. The  next  day  the  king  dined  with  the  lord  mayor  at  his  houfe  in  the  pavement  and knighted  (p)  him  and  the  recorder  (q).  The  day  after  he  dined  with  the  archbifhop,  and knighted  his  Ion  ;  and  the  day  following  took  coach  at  the  manor  for  Scotland  (r). King  Charles  was  mod  fumptuoufly  entertained  in  the  city  at  this  time ;  and  Mr.  Eachard remarks  two  things  on  that  head,  firft,  that  the  good  will  and  loyalty  of  this,  and  fome  other corporations,  was  in  a  very  noble  manner  (hewn  to  their  king  ;  as  alfo  that  at  this  time  feaft- ing  to  excels  was  introduced  into  England  which,  fays  he,  has  ever  fince  been  carried  on to  the  great  damage  of  many  eftates  and  more  manners  in  the  kingdom. TheSro/j  having  thought  fit  to  rebel,  the  king  came  down  to  York  in  an  expedition  a- gainft  them.  He  was  accompanied  with  mod  of  the  nobility  and  general  officers  of  the kingdom.  He  was  met  by  the  (lieriffs  at  Tadcafier  as  ufual,  and  by  them  conduced  to  Mickle- (n)  Ex  codem  MS. fo)  There  being  none  prefent  who  had  right  to  bear the  fword,  I  fuppofe  it  carried  as  in  the  next  lbl?mnity. (p)  Sir  William  Allenfon. (q)  Sir  William  Belt. (r)  The  prefents  at  this  time  were  a  large  filver  cup and  cover,  and  a  purfe  of  gold  to  the  value  of  ioo  /.  or more.  MSI gate-bar ; 135 A.  i  63  f.  - A.  1639: March  30. ”4 A.  r&39. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. gale-bar  ;  where  the  lord-mayor,  recorder,  aldermen,  &V.  attended  him.  After  delivering up  the  fword,  mace,  and  keys,  by  the  lord-mayor,  and  returning  them  by  the  king;  the recorder,  Thomas  Wxddrir.gton  efquire,  addreffed  himfelf  to  his  majefty,  on  his  knees,  as fellows  ( s )  : “  Mojt  gratious  and  dread  fiver  eign , “  Be  gratioufly  pleafed  to  pardon  this  (lay  that  we  the  lead;  and  meaneft  motes  in  the  fir- “  mament  of  your  majefty’s  government,  fhould  thus  dare  to  caufe  you,  our  bright  and tc  glorious  fun,  to  ftand.  Give  us  leave  who  are  the  members  of  this  ancient  and  decayed tc  city,  to  make  known  unto  your  majefty,  even  our  fun  it  felf,  where  the  fun  now  ftands, “  in  the  city  of  York  ; “  which  now  like  an  ill  drawn  pi&ure  needs  a  name;  a  place  foe  unlike  itfelf,  that  I  may “  may  venture  to  fay  Niobe  was  never  foe  unlike  Niobe,  never  old  man  fo  unlike  himfelf  be- “  ing  young,  as  is  the  city  of  York  foe  unlike  the  city  of  York :  heretofore  an  imperial  city, “  the  place  of  tire  life  and  death  of  the  emperour  Confiantius  Chlorus,  in  whofe  grave  a  burn- “  ing  lamp  was  found  many  centuries  of  years  after.  The  place  honoured  with  the  birth  of “  Confiantine  the  great ;  and  with  the  moft  noble  library  of  Egbert. cc  I  might  goe  further,  but  this  were  only  to  fhew  or  rather  fpeakof  antient  tombs. “  This  city  was  afterwards  twice  burned,  foe  that  the  very  allies  of  thefe  antiquitys  are “  not  to  be  found  ;  and  if  later  fcarrs  had  not  defaced  our  former  glory,  what  was  it  truly “  in  effect  ol  what  we  now  enjoy  ? “  The  births,  lives  and  deaths  of  Emperours  are  not  foe  much  for  the  honour  of  York , ‘c  as  that  king  Charles  was  once  duke  of  York ;  your  very  royal  afped  furmounts  our  for- “  mer  glory,  and  fcattersour  later  clouds. “  It  is  more  honour  to  us  that  king  Charles  has  given  a  new  life,  nativity  and  being, “  by  a  moft  benign  and  liberal  charter,  then  that  Confiantine  the  great  had  his  firft  being “  here.  And  as  for  the  lamp  found  in  the  grave  of  Chlorus ,  your  majefty  maintains  a  lamp “  of  juftice  in  this  city,  which  burns  more  clearly  than  that  of  Chlorus ,  and  fhines  into  five “  leveral  countys,  at  which  each  fubjed  may  light  a  torch;  by  the  brightnefs  whereof  he “  may  fee  his  own  right,  and  find  and  taft  fome  of  that  fweetand  wholfom  manna,  here  at “  his  own  door,  which  drops  from  the  influence  of  your  majefty’s  moft  juft  and  gracious “  government.  See  that  it  the  library  of  Egbert  was  now  extant  amongft  us,  that  very  idea cc  of  eloquence,  which  the  moft  fkilfull  orator  could  extrad  out  of  it,  would  not  be  able  to “  exprefs  what  we  owe  to  your  majefty  ;  there  being  not  any  acknowledgments  anfwerable “  to  our  obligations.  For  befides  all  this, “  The  beams  and  lightnings  of  thofe  eminent  vertues,  fublime  gifts  and  illuminations, “  wherewith  you  are  endowed,  doe  call  foe  forcible  refledions  upon  the  eyes  of  all  men, “  that  you  fill  not  only  this  city,  this  kingdom,  but  the  whole  univerfe  with  fplendour. tc  You  have  eftabli  died  your  throne  on  two  columns  of  diamond,  piety  and  juftice;  the  one “  gives  you  to  God ,  the  other  gives  men  to  you,  and  all  your  fubjeds  are  moft  happy  in “  both. “  For  our  felves,  moft  gratious  king,  your  majefty’s  humbled:  and  meaneft  fubjeds,  obe- “  dience  the  beft  of  lacrifices  is  the  only  facrifice  which  we  have  to  offer  to  your  moft  facred “  majefty.  Yet  vouchfafe  to  believe,  mofi  mighty  king ,  that  even  our  works,  fuch  ns “  they  are,  fhaJl  not  refemble  thofe  facrifices  whereout  the  heart  is  plucked,  and  where  of  all “  the  head  nothing  is  left  but  the  tongue  ;  our  facrifices  are  thofe  of  our  hearts  not  of  our “  tongues. “  The  memory  of  king  Charles  Jhall  ever  be  facred  unto  us  as  long  as  there  remains  an  altar , <c  or  that  oblation  is  offered  on  earth.  The  mofi  devout  and  fervent  prayres  of  your  majefiy*  s  doyly “  votary s  the  poor  citizens  of  York  are,  and  ever  fi:all  be,  that  the  feepter  of  king  Charles  may “  like  Aaron’j  rod  budd  and  bloffom  and  be  an  eternal  tefiimony  againfi  all  rebells  ;  and  our  mofi “  cheerfull  and.  unanimous  acclamations  are  that  king  Charles  may  long  live  and  triumphantly “  reign ;  and  that  this  kingdom  may  never  want  a  king  Charles  over  it. This  oration  ended  the  lord-mayor  mounted  on  horfeback  with  his  brethren,  their  horfc3 in  rich  furniture  ;  four  footmen  attending  the  mayor  clad  in  black  velvet  with  the  city’s  arms, embroidered  beiore  and  behind  them.  I  he  lord- mayor  carried  the  mace  before  the  king, and  the  common  fword- bearer  the  fword,  but  not  with  the  point  ered.  In  this  order  they marched  through  the  city  to  the  palace. The  country  being  now  up  in  arms,  the  trained  bands  of  the  city  and  Ainfiy ,  clad  in buff- coats, ^  fear  let  breeches  with  filver  lace,  ruffet  boots,  black  caps  and  feathers  to  the number  of  fix  hundred  men,  flood  drawn  up  on  the  out-fide  Micklegate-bar ,  to  receive  the king  at  his  entrance,  and  gave  him  a  handfome  volly.  And  when  the  king  was  got  to  the manor  they  drew  up  in  Bifhopf  s- fields,  over  againfi  it,  and  performed  an  exercife,  where  the mufketeers  difeharged  four  times.  On  Sunday,  when  the  king  went  to  the  cathedral,  thefe men  of  arms  flood  rank  and  file  in  the  minfler-yard  for  his  majefty  to  pals  through  them. (s)  Ex  MS. Their of  the  City  9/ York. Chap.  V. Then-  whole  behaviour  foe  pleafed  the  king,  that  he  ordered  a  fum  of  mony  to  be  diftribu- ted  amongft  them,  and  gave  them  thanks  in  perfon  (r). On  Sunday  in  the  afternoon,  the  king  held  a  council  at  the  manor  on  the  Scotch  affairs - and  as  this  was  the  rendezvous  of  the  whole  army  that  was  to  march  againft  thofe  rebelis  the king  s  time  was  chiefly  taken  up  with  reviewing  his  troops,  which  were  quartered  in  the city  and  the  neighbouring  market  towns.  1 Up ™  Thunfday  before  Eajl<r  the  king  kept  his  ^lunoasfj;  in  the  cathedral  ;  where  the bifliop  of  Ely  walked  the  feet  of  thirty  nine  poor  aged  men,  in  warm  water,  and  dried  them with  a  1  irnien  cloth.  Afterwards  the  bifhop  of  IVwcbefter  wafhed  them  over  again  in  white wine,  wiped  and  kiffed  them.  The  king  gave  to  every  one  of  the  poor  men,  a  n-own  of S°.°dHC  0th’  a  holland  lh,rt>  new  dockings  and  fhoes.  Alfo  in  one  leathern  purfe  eve ry  one  had  twenty  pence  in  money  given  him,  and  in  another  purfe  thirty  nine  Angle  pen¬ nies  being  the  ]uft  age  of  the  king.  Laftly  each  man  had  a  wooden  fcale  full  of  wine  o-iven Thk  r?k  and  3  r  3  !°U  e  °fufalt  and  a  j°ule  0f  falmon’  with  a  fi^penny  loaf  of  bread, where  thebeflrhanySf/T  aUth°nty’  WaS  Pertormed  >■>  the  fouth  ifle  of  the  minder.  Near fonVPOri^°i'^>"f'y’eheJ<InSut0’;IChed  (/*Iforthe  king’s-evil  in  the  minder  two  hundred  per- ,  Upon  Eajier-Sunday  the  king  received  the  facrament  at  the  cathedral.  On  Monday he  ordered  feventy  pound  to  be  given  to  each  of  the  four  wards  of  the  city  ;  to  be  diftri- buted  amongft  poor  widows  On  Tuefday  and  mdncfday  he  touched  each  day  an  hundred perfons  for  the  evil.  At  his  leifure  hours,  his  ufual  diverfion,  during  his  flay  in  York  was to  play  at  a  game  called  the  Balloon.  ’  ’ o,- M°re  khC  kmg  leftn.rT^’- 1  a,nd  h'S  whole  court  were  nob|y  treated  by  the  lord-may- (  ),  whom  his  majefty  knighted,  and  Thomas  IVidderington,  efquire  recorder  The  flo r,d  harangue  this  laft  named  gentleman  made  the  king  at  his  entrance,  is  printed  in  Rul .  ’  ex^ePt  the  ]aft  paiagraph,  which  containing  fome  warmer  exprefllons  of  loyalty than  are  ufual  to  meet  with,  and  by  no  means  fluting  his  future  conduft,  the  orator,  though he  fpoke  them,  thought  them  not  fit  for  the  prefs.  I  do  not  objeft  againft  the  ftranle bombaft  ftile  in  his  fpeech,  becaufe  I  know  it  was  agreeable  to  the  age  he  lived  in  ■  but ftmre  K  “  T’  ““f*  - which  ™  ^  °f  the  tongue  and  not  ofSthe  W  is  an  im dreffa  A3  PmalIre?ard  princes  ought  to  pay  to  publick  fpeeches,  as  well  as  publick  ad- of  lit hind  f,  mfmOUS  author  0)  obferves,  that  kings  JhoM  not  be  affeBedbyany  oration Ly  ought  tlgle  ml  lull  “  a  ^  ™y  WhiCb  ‘hey  ***  t0fU^  md‘°  Whi‘b -J°,^r0CeLn-;  km?  after  he  had  fta!d  near  a  month  in  York,  took  his  journey with  his  nobility  and  all  his  army  towards  Scotland .’  At  his  approach  the  Scots  fubmitted7 laid  down  their  arms  and  fwore  obedience  to  their  fovereign.  But  the  very  next  year’ rammand  "?8^3^  ^,(bandfd  hlsr  forces>  and  thought  all  quiet ;  the  Scottijh  army  under  the command  of  Al.LeJley,  ear  of  Levon,  and  the  marquis  of  Montrofs  entered  England  in  de °  ??  moft  folemnoaths,  fays  Mr.  Eachard ,  contrary  to  their  allegiance  to  their  natural m  and  in  dired  opposition  to  his  antient  rights  and  authority  over  them.  This  bold foS  PUt  thewh°le  kingdom  in  an  uproar;  the  Militia  was  raifed,  and  a  ftrono-  prefi 01  fold.ers  was  in  all  places.  Through  York  marched  feveral  bodies  of  light  horfe°under the  command ^of  the  estvl  of  Northumberland,  lord  Conway,  fir  John  Digby,  Ld  other  leaders .  they  could  collefl  their  forces.  Thefe  were  Itrong  enough  to  have  driven  the  Scotch home  again  but  by  the  fcandalous  negleft  of  the  lord  Conway,  the  king’s  general  thev vue  fuffeied,  after  a  flight  Ikirmilh,  to  poffefs  themfelves  of  all  Northumberland,  and  the 137 A.  16”, 0 (r)  Ex  MS. (:)  Ex  eastern.  S^aUntayThurttay  Din  Juris  ii,m JuiJJwus  immediate  praecedens.  Minfhaw  dittum  putat quafi  dies  mandati,  quo  fc.  die  Cbrijius  euebarflam  infti- tuit,  et  magnum  illud  mandntum  difeipulis  rcliquit,  fc.  in Jacramento  illo  commemorandi.  Spelman  longe  melius  dc- feflit  a  Fr.  G.  Mande,  Jportula-,  quia  fc.  illo  die,  rex pan  peri  bus  quibus  pedes  lav  at,  uberiores  eleemojynas  diftri- buit.  Skinner  di£l.  etym. (t)  In  an  old  writing  given  me  by  my  worthy  friend the  reverend  Mr.  Creyk,  i  find  this  more  particular  ac¬ count  of  the  ceremony  of  Maunday  at  1 'orb,  &c. “  T bur/day  before  Eafier  1639. “  The  Maundy  given  in  York-minfter  for  the  king  by ‘‘  the  bifhop  of  Winchefter  in  manner  as  followeih,  to “  thirty  nine  poor  men  fitting  along  one  by  another. „  “  Firfi>  the  r’ght  foot  of  every  of  them  waihed  in  cold >4  water  by  the  Sifhop’s  pantler,  and  fix  pence  a  piece  gi- ]4  vcn  t^em  *n  nioney:  Secondly,  wafhed  again  in  claret ,f  wyne  lukewarme  by  the  bifhop’s  chaplain  :  Laftly,  wafht againe  and  dryed  by  the  bifhop  himfelfe  and  kilt  every tyme.  7 “  fhirt  T°  e*Ch  °f  thCm  thrCe  dlS  of  Courre  holland  for  a 3-  ^fo  each  of  them  a  cloth  gowne  of  gray  freefe. “4.  To  each  of  them  one  pair  of  fhoes. 5 •  To  each  of  them  a  wooden  dubler  whereon  was a  jowle  of  old  ling,  a  jowle  of  Salmond,  fix  red  herrings and  two  loaves  of  bread. 6.  To  each  of  them  a  little  purfe  wherin  was  xxs. in  money  ;  and  fo  many  Angle  pennies  as  the  king  was years  of  age,  being  thirty  nine. “  7.  To  every  of  them  a  little  fcale  of  claret  wyne which  they  drank  off,  and  fo  after  a  few  prayers  read  the ceremony  ended,  and  the  poor  men  carried  away  all that  was  given  them. “  During  the  tyme  the  king  touched  thofe  that  had the  difeafe  called  th t  evill,  were  read  thefe  words : “  Tbeyjhall  lay  tbeir  bands  upon  the  fick,  and  they  Jhall “  recover. “  During  the  tyme  the  king  put  about  everv  of  their necks  an  angel  of  gold  with  a  white  ribben,  were  read thefe  words  : “  That  light  was  the  true  light  which  light eth  every “  man  which  cometb  into  the  world. (a)  Ex  eodem. (■*■)  Sir  Roger  Jaques. (y)  Voltair  Hift.  de  Car.  XII.  Roi  de  Suede. ■dprii  29. A.  1640. Nn bifhoprick *38 A.  1640. Atigujl  23. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. bilhoprick  of  Durham  to  the  fkirts  of  York/hire.  All  which  they  taxed  at_  eight  hundred and  fifty  pound  per  diem ,  and  loudly  threatned  that  they  would  be  in  dork  ere  long To  put  a  flop  to  this  bold  invafion,  the  king  fet  out  front  London  and  came  to  1  oik  in three  days;  accompanied  with  the  lord  marquis  ot  Hamilton  and  the  du.vc  ot  Lenox  ;  he was  received  in  York  with  the  ul'ual  gifts,  ipeeches,  and  ceremonies,  wmeh  the  Hurry  ot  the times  will  not  allow  me  to  enlarge  upon.  ,  ,  ,  ,  , From  York  the  king  publiihed  a  proclamation  in  which  he  declared,  that  he  had  en- “  deavoured  to  appeale  the  rebellious  courfes  ot  his  fubjefts  in  Scotland,  who  under  pretence “  of  religion  had  thought  to  fhake  off  his  regal  government,  and  did  now  take  arms  and ..  invade  the  kingdom  of  England:  and  therefore  he  declared  that  thole  who  had  already “  entered,  or  Ihould  prefume  in  a  warlike  manner  to  enter  any  part  of  England  ihould  be “  adiudaed  and  were  thereby  denounced  rebels  and  traytors  agamft  his  majefty.  How- “  ever  he  added,  if  they  would  yet  acknowledge  their  former  crimes,  crave  pardon  and “  yield  obedience  for  the  time  to  come,  he  tendered  them  his  gracious  pardon,  they  re- “  turning  home  and  demeaning  themfelves  like  loyal  fubjefts  tor  the  future  (2). This  proclamation  had  no  effeft  upon  the  rebels,  but  they  continued  in  the  country they  had  taken  poffefiion  of,  and  abundantly  fatisfied  with  what  they  never  hoped  to  enjoy made  no  hafle  to  advance  their  new  conquefts  (a). On  the  3  I  ft  of  Augufl,  the  king,  for  his  greater  fecunty  at  2 ork,  roue  about  the  city  ac¬ companied  with  the  marquis  of  Hamilton,  ieveral  general  officers,  fome  aldermen  and  u- tizens,  and  with  pickaxes,  fpadesand  fhovels  marked  out  feveral  nurendiments  and  forti- the  king  and  his  council  had  advice  that  the  Stair  did  not  come  forward  but remained  at  Newcajlle;  the  next  day  the  king  difpatched  Mr.  John  Bella/, ft  fecond  fon  to the  lord  Falconing,  with  a  command,  that  upon  their  allegiance,  they  Ihould  not  ftir  any further  till  a  treaty  was  begun.  ,.  „  , September  4,  came  a  petition  to  the  king  from  the  Scots  thus  diretted . Yo  the  KING’S  mofi  excellent  majejty. Ybe  humble  petition  of  your  commiffioners  of  the  late  parliament,  and  others  of  his  majejly’s  mojl loyal  ftthjeSs  of  the  kingdom  of  Scotland. (c)  The  fubftance  of  which  is  as  follows,  “  that  whereas  by  many  Offerings  they  were -  conftrained  for  relief,  and  obtaining  their  humble  and  juft  defires  to  come  into  England ^ “  where  they  had  lived  upon  their  own  means,  viftuals  and  goods  brought  along  with “  them,  neither  troubling  the  peace  of  the  kingdom,  nor  hurting  any  of  his  majefty  s  iub- “  lefts  till  they  were  conftrained  to  ufe  violence  aginft  thofe  who  oppofed  their  peaceable “paffageat  wLburn  upon  Tyne  ;  who  have  brought  their  own  blood  upon  'heir  own “  headf  l  ir  preventing  thelike  or  greater  oppofmon,  and  that  they  might  come  to  his “  maief.y’s  prefence,  for  obtaining  from  his  juftice  and  goodnefs  full  fatisfaftion  to  their “  demands ;  they,  his  majefty’s  moft  humble  and  loyal  fubjefts,  do  perfift  in  that  mod “  humble  and  fubmiffive  way  of  petitioning,  which  neither  good  fuccefs  nor  bad  fhall  make “  them  defift  from  humbly  entreating  that  his  maj.fty,  m  the  depth  of  his  royal  wifdom, “  would  conftder  their  preffing  grievances,  and  with  the  con.ent  ot  the  Englxfh  parliament “  would  fettle  a  firm  and  durable  peace  agamft  all  mvafions  both  from  fea  and  lan  . “  Th  t  they  might  with  chearfulnefs  pay  lus  majefty,  their  native  king,  all  duty  and “  obedience  againft  the  many  and  great  evils  at  this  time  threatening  both  kingdoms,  which -  makes  all  his  majefty’s  good  fubjefts  tremble  to  think  on  and  wh.ch  they  unammoufty 11  pray  God  to  avert  that  his  majefty’s  throne  may  be  eftablilhed  in  righteoufnefs. To  which  his  majefty  gave  this  anfwer  by  his  fecretary. At  the  gourt  at  York,  Septembers,  1640. i<  His  majefty  has  feen  and  confidered  the  within  written  petition,  and  is  gracioufty “  pleafed  to  return  this  anfwer  by  me,  that  he  finds  it  in  filch  general  terms,  that  till  you “  exprefs  the  particulars  of  your  defires,  his  majefty  can  give  no  direct  anfwer  thereunto ‘1  wherefore  his  majefty  requireth  that  you  would  fet  down  the  particulars  ot  your  demands ‘1  with  expedition;  he  having  been  always  ready  to  redrefs  the  grievances  of  hs  people. “And  for  the  more  mature  deliberation  of  the  weighty  affairs,  his  majefty  hath  already ■'  given  out  fummons  for  the  meeting  of  the  peers  of  this  kingdom  in  the  city  of -I  ork, .the “  V  day  of  this  month,  that  with  the  advice  of  the  peers  you  may  receive  fact .  anfwer «  to  your  petition,  as  fhall  moft  tend  to  his  honour,  and  the  peace  and  welfare  ot  his  do- “  minions.  And  in  the  mean  time,  if  peace  be  that  you  fo  much  defire  as  you  pretend; “  he  expefts,  and  by  this  his  majefty  commands  that  you  advance  no  further  with  your  army “  into  thefe  parts,  which  is  the  only  means  that  is  left  for  the  prefent  to  preferve  peace (z)Eaebard. (a)  Lord  Clarendon. (b)  Ex  MS. (c)  Rujhiuorth'%  coll  fab  hoc  anno. between I  '■  . Chap. V.  0f  the  CITY  »/  YORK. “  b<jtwfen  thc  two  natl0ns-  and  to  bring  thefe  unhappy  differences  into  a  reformation,  A  ,64- which  none  is  moredefirous  of  then  his  molt  facred  majefty.  4' “  Lanericke  ** The  Icing  in  this  exigency  of  his  affairs,  at  this  time,  refolved  upon  an  expedient,  which my  lord  Uarendon  calls  a  new  invention  not  before  heard  of,  or  fo  old  that  it  had  not  been praflded  for  fome  hundred  of  years,  which  was  to  call  a  great  council  of  all  the  peers of  England  to  meet  and  attend  his  majefty  at  York.  The  ground  and  intention  of  this particular  fummons  was  never  known,  but,  adds  the  noble  hiftorian,  it  probably  was  the refult  of  troubled  and  affltfted  thoughts,  fince  no  other  way  occurred.  Howfoever  that' fuch  a  refolunon  was  taken,  and  writs  immediately  iffued  under  the  great  feal  to  all  peers  to acOTrdin»Iynajefty  **  ^  Wlthm  tW™ty  dayS  ;  and  PreParations  were  made  to  receive  them Whoever  will  look  back  into  thefe  annals  will  find,  that,  in  the  former  Scotch  wars  ma¬ ny  confutations  of  this  kind  were  held  in  this  very  city,  on  any  hidden  invafion,  where  the commons  were  not  concerned.  Amo  1298,  Edvard  I.  fummoned  all  the  peers  of  Ihe realm,  exclufive  of  the  commons,  to  meet  at  York  on  an  extraordinary  occafion  In  his Tons  unfortunate  reign  there  were  many  more;  and  indeed  all  thofe  meetings  at  York which  are  termed  parliaments  during  the  Scotch  wars,  were  no  other  then  a  great  council ot  the  bijhops,  Mots  and  barons  of  the  realm,  haftily  convened  by  the  king’s  writ  and  if any  of  the  commons  had  the  honour  to  be  called  amongft  them,  it  was  by  the  lime  au thorny  and  not  by  any  eleftion  of  the  people.  Affairs  were  much  too  prelling  to  wait “,dll;  °ry  ™‘hodsi  ««  this  time,  when  the  enemy  had  entered  into  the  counfry,  plum deied  and  fpoiled  the  inhabitants,  and,  notwithftanding  their  fpecious  pretences  in  the  dc tition  continued  to  exaft  the  eight  hundred  and  fifty  ^pound  *  day  vfth  great  rigour his  affair  however  at  this  time  made  a  great  noife,  and  was  blown  up  with  vreat  zeal riCe  "  ^  I  e"Cm,eS  T  1  .reP0,'V  that  the  kinS  ™™d«l  to  lay  afide  one  of  ° he  three ekates  of  the  nation  ;  when  in  truth  it  was  no  more  than,  as  my  lord  Clarendon  exm-rff-s it,  “expedient  for  the  purpofe  fince  no  other  way  occurred.  Thc  form  of  the  wrifitfelf .  matched  with  many  of  the  fame  kind  in  the  Foedera  Ang.  and  fince  it  refpects  my fubjefl;  m  two  particulars,  I  fhall  give  it  as  follows,  P  7 (c>)  REX  reverendijfmoin  Chridopatri.coii/iliarionoJlro'WiLLiEi.MO.eadem  vratia  Cant car at ■  cbiepijcopo, totms  Ancliae  pnmati  et  metropolitano ,  falutem.  Sum,  fitter  auibufdam arthus  et  urgent, ffimis  negotiis  ms  &  regni  noftrijlatum  coronaecpue  mJlraeTh.raLdauZZZ nentibus,  vobifeum  el  cum  alits  praelatis  magmtibus  et  proceribus  iptius  rJni  at-ml  civitatem  „„ tiu,.  ,..um,  Vobis,  in  fide  et  Idea, one  qpiius  nms  tenemnt,  firmiter  ininmnmus  et  mandamus quod,  cejfante  txcufatvmc  quacumpue  dt3:s  die  et  loco  perfinaliter  interfitis  nebifeum  et  cum  prae ta.is  magnalibus  ct  proceribus  praed&s , fuper  did.  negotiis  trabtaturi,  veJlruLue  conZmim IS  di^iZZlsZZ^  “  •™**BM°*  ^  jnriumque  noftrorum lejle  meipfo  apud  Eboracum  feptimo  die  Septembris,  1640. Per  ipfurn  RE  GEM. (e)  The  fame  day  the  writs  went  out,  came  into  Jar*  fir  Jacob  Ijlley  widi  the  king’s whole  army,  making  now  about  twelve  thoufand  foot  and  three  thousand  horfe  ThS feverallm  11  M  7  °/  the  cannon  we«  planted  before  the  camp,  where flood  in  ti °f  thCHClnn°tn filf  f  F  ’’  ,1  b  k!"S  h'ld  b™  fcrmly  informed  for  they  imtndli  to  C h:  hl”  “  lork  and  theref°re  It  behoved  him  to  make  thefe  preparations  to  receive them  The  army  lay  mcamped  in  the  manner  aforefaid  from  the  iff  of  September  till  nelf °f  *  c°“  -*■»  **.  -  **»  * Many  were  the  petitions  that  came  to  the  king  at  this  time  from  all  parts  for  him  to  call efpeCIal'y  that  fr°m  thE  dty  °f  *en  remarkably tl~fent  Of  tleefking4CKled,  ^  &™7  “g«her,  a"d  propounded  to  them (d)  Rtijhaiorth's  coll. (t)  Ex  MS- On The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. On  the  next  day  they  returned  anfwer  to  this  effedt,  that  the  petitioners  have  confulted together  concerning  the  payment  of  the  trained  bands  for  two  months,  and  have  agreed upon  doing  the  fame,  to  which  purpofe  they  will  ufe  their  utmoft  endeavours  humbly  be- feeching  his  majefty  to  confider,  out  ot  his  royal  wifdom  how  tocompofe  the  differences  with the  Scots ,  that  the  country  may  enjoy  peace  again,  and  not  run  more  into  danger  •  and  do moll  humbly  beleech  his  majefty  to  think  of  fummoning  a  parliament ,  the  only  way  to  con¬ firm  a  peace  betwixt  both  kingdoms. Mr.  Ru/hworth  here  makes  this  remark,  that  the  York/hire  gentry  defired  the  lord  Straf¬ ford  to  prefent  this  petition  to  his  majefty  •,  which  he  inclined  to  do  leaving  out  thofe  words of  advice  to  the  king  to  call  a  parliament,  for  that  he  knew  it  was  the  king’s  full  purpofe  to doit-,  but,  adds  he,  the  Yorkffire  gentlemens  hearts,  and  the  voice  of  the  whole  kingdom being  fervent  for  a  parliament,  they  were  unwilling  to  leave  out  thefe  words  of  fummon¬ ing  a  parliament,  therefore  they  delivered  their  petition  themfelves  ;  which  was  well  taken by  his  majefty. Two  petitions  were  prefented  to  the  king  from  the  poor  diftrefied  inhabitants  of  the county  of  Northumberland  and  bifhoprick  of  Durham ,  complaining  gricvoufly  of  the  into¬ lerable  hardftiips  impofed  upon  them  by  the  Scotch  ;  “  that  befides  the  fum  of  fix  hundred “  and  fifty  pound  a  day,  they  demand  a  great  proportion  of  hay  and  ftraw,  by  means  of “  which  their  cattle,  if  any  fhould  be  left  them,  were  in  danger  of  being  ftarved.  They “  had  none  but  God  and  his  majefty  to  fly  for  relief  to  ;  in  this  unexpected  calamity,  humbly “  befeeching  the  king  to  take  pity  of  their  miferies,  &c.” September  24,  the  great  aflembly  of  peers  met  in  the  deanery,  the  hall  of  which  was richly  hung  with  tapiftry  for  that  purpofe  ;  the  king’s  chair  of  ftate  was  placed  upon  the half  pace  of  the  ftairs,  at  the  upper  end  of  the  hall,  from  whence  his  majefty  delivered  him- felf  in  the  following  lpeech  to  them. tc  My  lords , “TTPON  fudden  invafions,  where  the  danger  was  near  and  inftant,  it  hath  been  the “  cuftom  of  my  predeceflors  to  aflemble  the  great  council  of  the  peers,  and “  by  their  advice  and  afliftance  to  give  a  timely  remedy  to  fuch  evils,  which  could  not “  admit  a  delay  fo  long  as  mult  of  neceftity  be  allowed  for  the  aflembling  of  a  parlia- 46  ment. “  This  being  our  condition  at  this  time,  and  an  army  of  rebels  lodged  within  this  king- tc  dom,  I  thought  it  moft  fit  to  conform  myfelf  to  the  praftice  of  my  predeceflors  in  like 44  cafes;  that  with  your  advice  and  afliftance,  we  might  juftly  proceed  to  the  chaftifement “  of  thefe  infolencies  and  fecuring  of  my  good  fubjedts. “  In  the  firft  place  I  muft  let  you  know  that  I  defire  nothing  more  than  to  be  rightly 44  underftood  of  my  people;  and  to  that  end  I  have  of  myfelf  refolved  to  call  a  parliament; 44  having  already  given  order  to  the  lord  keeper  to  ifiue  the  writs  inftantly,  fo  that  the parliament  may  be  aflembled  by  the  3d  of  November  next.  Whither  if  my  fubjedts  bring 44  thofe  good  affections,  which  become  them,  towards  me,  it  (hall  not  fail  on  my  part  to 44  make  it  a  happy  meeting.  In  the  mean  time  there  are  two  points  wherein  I  fhall  defire 44  your  advice,  which  indeed  are  the  chief  end  of  your  meeting. “  Firft,  what  anfwer  to  give  to  the  petition  of  the  rebels,  and  in  what  manner  to  treat 44  with  them.  Of  which  that  you  may  give  a  fure  judgment  I  have  ordered  that  your  lord- 44  fliips  fhall  be  clearly  and  fully  informed  of  the  ftate  of  the  whole  bufinefs  ;  and 44  upon  what  reafon  the  advices  which  my  privy-council  unanimoufly  gave  me  were “  grounded. 44  The  fecond  is,  how  my  army  fhall  be  kept  on  foot  and  maintained  until  the  fupplies “  from  a  parliament  may  be  had.  For  fo  long  as  the  Scotch  army  remains  in  England,  I  think 44  no  man  will  council  me  to  difband  mine ;  for  that  would  be  an  unfpeakable  lofs  to  all 44  this  part  of  the  kingdom,  by  fubjedting  them  to  the  greedy  appetite  of  the  rebels,  befides 44  the  unfpeakable  difhonour  that  would  thereby  fall  upon  this  nation.” I  fhall  not  trouble  the  reader  with  the  debates  at  this  firft  days  meeting  ;  which  he  may fo  readily  meet  with  in  Ru/hworth,  Clarendon  and  Eachard.  I  fhall  only  fry,  that  when  the Scotch  petition  came  to  be  read,  who,  fays  the  noble  hiftorian,  knew  their  time,  and  had always  given  the  king,  how  rough  and  undutiful  foever  their  adtions  were,  as  good  and  as fubmiffive  words  as  can  be  imagined  ;  this  petition,  full  of  as  much  fubmiffion  as  a  viftory itfelf  could  produce,  as  was  urged  by  fome  lords,  could  not  but  beget  a  treaty;  and  accord¬ ingly  fixteen  peers  (f)  were  nominated  for  it.  Thefe  commiflioners,  that  they  might  breed no  jealoufy  in  the  Scotch ,  were  chofen  out  of  the  party  that  hated  the  lord  Strafford ,  and even  the  king  himfelf,  as  their  future  conduct  fufficiently  attefted.  York  was  the  place mentioned  by  the  king  for  the  treaty,  which  the  Scots  would  not  confent  to ;  giving  for (f)  Earl  of  Hereford. Earl  of  Warwick- Vifcount  Mandevile. Lord  Pawlet. Earl  of  Bedford. Earl  of  B'ijlol. Lord  Wharton. Lord  Howard. Earl  of  EJfcx. Earl  of  Holland. Lord  Pagget. Lord  Savile. Earl  of  Salijiury. Earl  of  Bcrkfljirc. Lord  Brook Lord  Dunfmore . reafon i4i A,  16^0^ Chap. V.  of  the  CITY  a/'YOF.K. reafon  that  it  was  not  a  place  fecure,  fince  their  great  enemy  the  earl  of  Strafford  com- mar  kd  there  in  chief;  fo  Ripon  was  nominated  by  them,  and  agreed  to  by  the  king. i  he  treaty  being  opened,  the  great  council  of  peers  continued  to  meet,  and  took  into confjd.  ration  the  king’s  fecond  propofition;  concerning  the  keeping  up  and  paying  the forces,  and  being  acquainted  by  the  lord  Strafford ,  that  it  would  take  twd  hundred  thou- land  pound  to  fupport  them,  it  was  refolved  that  the  fiim  fhould  be  borrowed  of  the  city ol  London  ;  and  a  letter  from  the  lords  was  prepared  and  fent  accordingly. In  one  of  the  day’s  debates  Edward  lord  Herbert ,  Commonly  called  the  black  lord  Her- her',  on  Satisfied  with  the  demands  of  th  z  Scotch  com  ..ifTioners,  which  was  no  lefs  than  forty thoufand  pound  a  month;  advifed  the  king  to  fortify  Tork,  and  refufe  it;  the  reafons  he gave  in  his  fpeech  are  as  follows,  from  Rujhworth , 44  Firft,  that  Nezvcajlle  being  taken,  it  was  necefiary  to  fortify  Tork  ;  there  being  no  other “  confiderable  place  betwixt  the  Scots  and  London ,  whicli  might  detain  their  a  rmy  from  ad- “  vancing  forwards. <c  Secondly,  that  rerlfolis  of  ftate  having  admitted  fort’fication  of  our  mod  inland  towns 44  againft  weapons  ufed  in  former  times ;  it  may  as  well  admit  fortification  againft  the 44  weapons  ufed  in  thefe  times. “  1  hirdly,  that  towns  have  been  always  averfe  to  wars  and  tumults,  as  fubfifting  by 44  the  peaceable  ways  of  trade  and  traffick.  Infomuch  that  when  either  great  perfons  for “  their  private  interefts,  or  the  commons  for  their  grievances  have  taken  arms,  townf- “  men  have  been  noted  ever  to  continue  in  their  accuftomed  loyalty  and  devotion. 44  Fourthly,  that  this  agreeth  with  the  cuftom  of  all  other  countries,  there  being  no  town 44  an>’  whcre  he  knew  in  Chrijlcndom ,  of  the  greatnefs  of  Tork ,  that  hath  not  its  baftions “  and  bulwarks. 44  As  f°r  rjie  charges,  the  citizens  of  Tork  might  undertake  that  by  his  majefty’s  perm  if- 44  fiun  ;  for  fince  it  is  a  maxim  of  war,  that  every  town  may  fortify  its  circumference,  with- “  in  the  fpace  of  two  months,  the  expences  cannot  be  great. 44  And  tor  the  manner  of  doing  it,  nothing  elfe  is  needful,  but  that  at  the  diftance  of 44  every  twenty  five  fcore  paces  round  about  the  town,  the  walls  fhould  be  thrown  down, tc  ami  certain  baftions  or  bulwarks  of  earth  be  eredted  by  the  advice  of  fome  good  en- 44  gincer. 44  A’or  tke  performing  whereof  every  townfman  might  give  his  helping  hand,  digging and  carting  up  earth,  only  where  the  faid  engineer  fhould  appoint.  And  for  ordnance, 44  ammunition  and  a  magazine,  the  townfmen,  likewife  for  their  fecurity,  might  be  at  the 44  charge  thereof  in  thefe  dangerous  times;  it  being  better  to  employ  fome  money  fo  to “  prevent  the  taking  of  the  town,  than  to  run  the  hazard  of  being  in  that  eftate  in  which 4  4  Nevjccjlle-men  now  are.  I  could  add  fomething  concerning  an  antient  law  or  cuftom cc  call  u  murage,  by  which  money  was  raifed  for  fortifying  of  inland  towns;  but  becaufe  I know  not  o!  what  validity  this  law  or  cuftom  is  at  this  time,  I  fhall  refer  the  further  con- “  fi  'eration  thereof  to  the  learned  in  our  antiquities. 44  1  conclude  therefore,  with  your  majefty’s  good  favour,  for  the  fortifying  of 44  as  afluring  mylelf  that  if  for  want  of  fuch  fortification  it  fall  into  the  Scotchmen3 s 44  hcfdL  they  will  quickly  fortify  it  as  they  have  already  done  Newcaflte. This  lord  (poke  alfo  very  warmly  againft  the  treaty  carrying  on  at  Ripon ,  faid  many  fmarc thk.gs  againft  it,  and  the  Scotch  exorbitant  demand,  and  concluded  his  whole  fpeech  with this  fei.fible  paragraph. 44  ^  kat  if  his  majefty  would  try  whether  they  meant  really  a  treaty  or  an  invafion,  the 44  comm  i  Hi  oners  fhould  move  for  difbanding  the  armies  on  both  fides,  all  things  elfe  re- 44  nia>  'ing  in  th§  ftate  they  now  were,  until  the  treaty  were  ended;  howfoever  the  forty 41  thouland  pound  monthly  fhould  be  kept  rather  for  paying  the  king’s  army  and  reinforcing 44  u  n^ed  were,  than  any  other  way  whatfoever. I  cannot  forbear  taking  notice,  that  whilft  the  king  was  at  Tork  this  time,  and  the  treaty fubfifting,  the  brave  marquis  of  Montrofs ,  one  of  the  Scotch  generals,  obferving  die  fcanda- lous  proceedings  at  the  treaty,  was  fo  touched  with  the  reflection  of  efpoufing  fo  bad  a caufe,^  that  he  wrote  a  dutiful  and  fubmiftive  fetter  to  rhe  king,  offering  to  fupport  him  with his  life  and  fortune.  A  copy  of  this  letter,  to  lhew  what  fort  of  people  the  king  had  about him,  was  immediately  fent  back  to  Lefly ,  the  other  general,  who  challenged  the  marquis w'nh  holding  correfpondence  with  the  enemy  ;  the  marquis  undauntedly  owned  it,  and  afked, who  it  was  that  durjl  reckon  the  king  an  enemy?  Which  bravery  of  his  fo  quafiied  the  charge, that  they  durft  not  proceed  againft  him  in  a  judicial  manner  (f). From  the  24*“  of  September  to  the  18th  of  October  following,  did  the  king  and  his  great council  of  peers  continue  to  fit  as  ufual.  The  commiftioners  from  time  to  time  repaired  to Tork,  to  let  them  know  how  they  proceeded,  which  all  ended  in  nothing ;  for  the  commif- fioners  being  of  the  fame  principles,  as  to  religion  and  politicks,  with  the  rebels  they  treated with,  cared  not  how  much  the  king’s  affairs  were  embarraffed,  and  therefore  chofe  rather to  perfuade  the  king  to  remove  the  treaty  to  London ,  and  fubjeCt  the  country  ftill  to  pay  the (f)  Eacb.ird’s  hift.  of  England,  See. O  o 2 contri- 14^ The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. A.  1640.  contribution  of  850/.  a  day  till  all  was  concluded  on;  rather  than  fuffer  the  earl  of  Straf¬ ford  to  diflodge  them  which  he  had  already  begun  to  do  by  defeating  three  or  four  of  their regiments  which  advanced  too  far  during  the  treaty.  And  fhevved  the  country  that  there was  a  better  way  to  get  rid  of  this  rebellious  rout,  their  cruel  opprelTors,  than  long  fpun treaties  and  fruitlefs  negotiations. Thus  did  the  king  and  his  lords  remove  from  thence  to  London,  without  concluding  any thing  with  the  Scotch  but  a  ceflation ;  in  order  to  meet  the  parliament.  A  parliament, whom  none  can  blame  the  king  for  being  flow  in  calling,  who  confiders  the  confequences. For  they  were  no  fooner  got  together  but  they  were  fecn  to  be  his  moil  implacable  enemies ; and  never  left  their  perfecutions,  till  they  had  made  the  firft  and  fecond  eilates  of  the  nati¬ on  yield  up  all  to  the  third. A.  1641.  For  proof  of  this,  their  firft  attempts  were  to  weaken  the  king’s  councils,  by  taking  from his  fide,  thefe  Bulwarks  of  his  and  the  church’s  prerogatives,  archbiihop  Laud,  and  Thomas earl  of  Strafford.  And  to  begin  with  the  earl  they  voted  down  the  council  court  of  this  city which  had  ftood  near  an  age  in  York : ;  and  was  no  doubt  of  great  advantage  to  it,  whatever  it might  be  to  the  reft  of  the  kingdom.  The  earl  of  Strafford  was  the  laft  prefident  and  judge of  this  court,  and  had  a  more  ample  commiffion  than  any  before  him.  I  fhall  be  more particular  in  this  when  I  come  to  treat  of  the  abby  and  manor,  thehoufe  where  the  prefidents refided  in  York. And  now  began  the  heats  that  had  been  kindled  by  ill-defigning  men  betwixt  the  king and  his  parliament  to  threaten  an  irruption.  November  20.  this  year  the  king  came  to  York accompanied  with  the  prince  of  Wales ,  the  palfgrave  of  the  Rhine ,  the  duke  of  Lenox ,  the marquis  of  Hambleton ,  and  feveral  other  nobles.  He  was  received  in  the  city  with  the  ufual formalities;  the  next  day  he  dined  with  the  lord-mayor  and  knighted  him  (g),  and  Robert Berwick  efquire,  recorder.  This  was  in  a  progrefs  the  king  was  making  to  Scotland ,  where he  had  fummoned  a  parliament  in  order  to  try  their  tempers  towards  him ;  being  well  allu¬ red  he  could  not  find  them  worfe  difpofed  than  thofe  he  had  left  at  Wejlminjler. A.  1 644.  At  the  king’s  return  to  London  matters  growing  every  day  worfe  betwixt  him  and  his parliament,  and  loudly  threatning  a  rupture,  the  king  thought  fit,  fays  lord  Clarendon ,  to put  a  former  defign  in  execution,  which  was  to  remove  himfelf  and  court  to  York  *,  as  a place,  adds  he,  of  good  reception  and  convenience  for  thofe  that  were  willing  to  attend  him. Accordingly  the  king,  prince  Charles ,  the  prince  elector  and  other  nobles  with  fome  hazard to  his  own  perfon,  but  more  to  his  attendants,  fet  out  from  London ,  and  March  18.  came to  York.  Here  it  was,  fays  Eacbard ,  that  the  king  began  to  breath  frefh  air,  and  he  foon found  himfelf  more  at  eafe,  and  in  a  condition  more  fafe  and  eligible  than  before.  Molt  per- fons  of  quality  of  this  great  county,  and  of  thofe  adjacent,  reforted  to  him,  and  many  per- fons  of  condition  from  London ,  and  the  fouthern  parts ;  who  had  not  the  courage  to  attend upon  him  at  Whitehall,  or  near  the  parliament ;  fome  out  of  a  fenfe  of  duty  and  gratitude, and  others  out  of  indignation  at  the  parliament’s  proceedings,  came  to  York  ;  fo  that  in  a Ihort  time  the  court  appeared  with  fome  luftre,  and  our  city  may  be  truly  called  to  this perfecuted  king  a  city  of  refuge. To  welcome  his  majefty  into  thefe  parts  he  was  prefented  foon  after  his  arrival  at  York with  this  petition;  fubferibed  by  great  numbers  of  the  Yorkshire  nobility  and  gentry,  mini- fters  and  freeholders  aflembled  at  the  affixes  held  in  this  city  at  that  time.  The  petition runs  in  thefe  words,  in  Rufhworth : “  Mojt  humbly  foeweth , »<  "T"HAT,  although  the  piercing  anguifh  of  our  fouls,' proceeding  from  the  general  di- -1  “  ftrattion  of  this  kingdom,  be  eafed  by  the  comfort  of  your  majefty’s  royal  prt- “  fence  and  gracious  confidence  in  the  affections  of  this  county,  which  hath  filled  our  hearts <e  with  hopes,  and  our  tongues  with  joy  ;  yet  the  fellow-feeling  of  our  paffionate  forrows, “  and  heart-breaking  apprehenfions  which  overwhelms  the  other  parts  of  thisaffli&ed  king- “  dom,  doe  inforce  us  (after  the  humble  tender  of  our  lives  and  fortunes,  for  the  lafety  and “  affurance  of  your  majefty’s  royal  perfon,  crown,  honour  and  eftate,  juft  prerogative  and tt  fovereignty,  in  any  capacity  wherein  we  may  ferve  your  majefty  according  to  the  laws)  to «<  follow  that  lacrifice  of  bounden  duty,  with  our  earneft  prayers  and  petitions,  which  lhaU “  not  cry  in  your  princely  ears  for  help  to  almoft  ruined  Ireland ,  nor  implore  your  majefty’s “  concurrence  for  the  propagation  of  the  proteftant  religion,  and  fupprelfion  of  popery, fince  your  majefty’s  gracious  declaration  of  your  fell  in  thofe  particulars,  render  it  an  un¬ it  pardonable  crime  to  defire  further  affurance  or  addition  to  your  majefty’s  own  words  f  .cred tt  before  God  and  man.  But  emboldened  by  your  royal  resolution,  declared  to  tike  away <t  no(;  only  the  juft  fears,  but  alfoc  the  jealoufys  of  your  loyal  fubjeCts,  and  enforced  by  that “  infallible  oracle  of  truth  that  a  kingdom  divided  cannot  Hand,  we,  from  the  centre  of tt  every  one  of  our  hearts,  moft  earneftly  fupplicate  that  your  majefty,  (being  moft  interefted •  i> ‘t  in  the  flour  filling  ftate  and  union  of  your  dominions,  and  by  long  experience  in  govern- tt  ment,  beft  acquainted  with  prevention  of  dangers,  and  remedy  ot  evils)  will  be  gracioufly (f  Sir  Cbriy  -pher  Croft,  knight,  lord-mayor  1641.  Ex  MS. plea  fed CtiAP.V.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  I43 “  pleafed  to  declare  fuch  fit  means  and  expedients,  as  may  take  away  all  diftances  and  mif-  A.  *64.2, “  underftandings  betwixt  your  majefiy  and  your  great  council ;  to  whom  we  will  alfo  ad- “  drefs  ourfelves  for  fuch  endeavours  on  their  parts  as  may  beget  in  your  majefiy  a  confi- “  dence  in  their  counfels,  and  that  blelfed  union  foe  neceflary  to  this  perplexed  kingdom, “  and  moft  defired  by  us  and  all  your  majefty’s  loving  and  faithful  fubje&s. “  And  your  petitioners  Jhall  ever  pray  for  your  majefiy' s  long  and  profpemis  reign,  &c. Upon  the  delivery  of  this  petition  his  majefiy  immediately  returned  them  this  anfwer. “  Mafier  Jheriffe  and  gentlemen, “  T  Believe  you  expeCt  not  a  prefent  and  particular  anfwer  to  your  petition,  becaufe  it  is 1  “  new  to  me  ;  only  in  general  I  mult  tell  you,  that  I  fee  by  it  that  I  am  not  deceived “  in  the  confidence  I  have  in  the  affedionsof  this  county  to  my  perfon  and  ftate,  and  I  af- “  fure  you  that  I  will  not  deceive  your  confidence,  which  at  this  time  you  have  declared  in “  your  petition  to  have  in  me ;  and  I  am  glad  to  fee  that  it  is  not  upon  miftaken  grounds  as “  other  petitions  have  been  to  me  fince  I  came  to  this  place ;  concerning  which  let  me  ob- “ferve  unto  you,  that  my  anfwers  were  to  clear  thofe  mifiakings  ;  for  I  never  did  go  about “  to  punifh  or  difeourage  them  from  petitioning  to  me  in  an  humble  way,  though  the  fub- “  jed  did  not  agree  with  my  fenfe;  albeit  within  the  memory  of  man  people  have  been  dif- “  couraged  and  threatened  to  be  punifhed  for  petitions. “  I  obferve  that  your  petition  is  foe  modeft,  that  it  doth  not  mention  any  particular  for “  your  own  good  ;  which  indeed  I  expeded,  as  knowing  that  in  fome  particulars  I  have “  great  reafon  to  do  ;  and  therfore,  that  you  may  not  fare  the  worfe  for  your  modefty,  I  will “  put  you  in  mind  of  three  particulars,  which  I  conceive  to  be  for  the  good  of  this  county. “  The  firft  is  concerning  your  trained  bands,  to  reduce  them  to  a  leffer  number,  for “  which  I  profefs  to  Hand  engaged  by  promife  to  you,  which  I  had  performed  long  fince, “  if  I  had  been  put  in  mind  of  it  •,  and  now  I  tell  you  fhew  me  but  the  way,  and,  when “  you  (hall  think  fit,  I  fhall  inftantly  reduce  them  to  that  number  which  I  promifed  you “  two  years  agoe. <c  Thefecond  is,  that  which  is. owing  to  this  county  for  billet  money;  the  truth  is  that “  for  the  prefent  I  cannot  repay  it;  only  I  will  fay  this,  that  if  all  the  water  had  come  to “  the  right  mill,  upon  my  word,  you  had  been  long  agoe  fatisfied  in  this  particular.  And “  foe  I  leave  to  your  diferetions  which  way  you  will  advife,  and  affift  me  to  comply  with “  your  engagements  in  this  point. “  The  third,  that  for  which  I  was  petitioned  as  I  came  up  the  laft  year,  both  by  the  lord- “  mayor  and  aldermen  of  this  city,  and  likewife  by  diverfe  others  of  this  county,  as  I  went “  fou th ward,  and  that  is  concerning  the  court  of  York.  And  firft  let  me  tell  you,  that  as “•yet  I  know  noe  legal  diffolution  of  it,  for  hitherto  formally  there  has  nothing  come  to  me, “  either  directly  or  indirectly,  for  the  taking  of  it  away,  therefore  I  may  fay,  it  is  rather “  fhaken  in  :pieces  than  diffolved.  Now  my  defire  is,  in  complyance  to  what  I  anfwered  fill “  year  unto  the. feveral  petitions  delivered  to  me  on  this  fubjedt,  that  you  would  confult “  and  agree  among  yourfelves  in  what  manner  you  would  have  the  court  eftablifhed  moft  to “  your  own  contentments,  and  to  the  good  of  all  thefe  northern  parts,  in  fuch  a  legal  way “  as  that  it  may  not  juftly  be  accepted  again,  and  I  afiure  you,  on  the  word  of  an  honeft “  man,  that  you  fhall  not  blame  me,  if  you  have  not  full  fatisfadlion  in  it. “  Within  a  day  or  two  yee  fhall  have  a  particular  anfwer  to  your  petition,  which  fhall  be “  fuch  a  one  as  I  am  confident  will  give  you  good  fatisfaclion,  and  put  you  into  fuch  a  way “  as  I  hope  may  produce  good  effedts.  for  the  good  of  all  this  kingdom. In  two  days  his  majefty’s  fecretary  of  ftate  delivered  to  the  Yorkfijirc  gentry  this  anfwer  April  7. to  their  petition. “  |  N  the  firft  place  his  majefiy  is  glad  to  fee  that  what  you  fay  concerning  the  relief  of  his I  “  diftrefterl  fubjects  in  Ireland ,  and  the  propagation  of  the  true  religion  amongft  us  a- “  gainft  fuperftition  of  popery,  is  only  to  fhew  your  confidence  in  his  princely  word,  where- “  in  he  again  hath  commanded  me  to  affure  you,  that  he  will  neither  deceive  your  truft  nor “  wrong  himfelf  foe  much,  as  not  to  be  very  punctual  in  performance  of  the  engagements  he “  hath  already  made  .concerning  thofe  particulars,  which  befides  the  performance  of  his  word, “  which  he  holds  moft  dear  to  him,  his  own  inclinations  naturally  induce  him  unto. “  Now  concerning  the  prayer  of  your  petition  his  majefiy  doth  gratioufiy  interpret,  that “  your  defining  him  to  declare  fuch  fit  means  and  expedients  as  may  take  away  all  diftance “  and  mifunderftandings  betwixt  his  majefiy  and  his  great  council,  is  noe  otherways  then  to “  have  the  more  authentick  ground,  and  the  better  direction  which  way  to  carry  yourfelves “  in  your  addrefies  to  the  parliament  for  that  effect.  And  therefore  his  majefiy  aflures  you “  that  not  only  the  belt,  (  but  as  he  conceives)  the  foie  way  for  this  good  underitanding  be- “  tivixt  his  majefiy  and  his  parliament  (which  he  allures  you  that  he  no  lefs  defires  then “  yourfelves)  is,  that  the  parliament  will  take  his  majefty’s  meffage  of  the  2o'h  of  January “  Lift  into  confederation  fpeedily, ;  ferioufly  .and  effectually  ;  and  that  the  viditia  of  this  king- “  dom M4 A  1642- 7 ‘he  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. u  dom  may  be  fettle. i  by  :uft  of  parliament,  according  to  his  majefty’s  explanation  ofhisan- “  i'vver  concerning  the  militia,  which  he  made  in  the  anfwer  returned  to  both  houfes  upon “  the  petition  prefen  r?  d  to  him  the  25th  of  March  laft.  And  therefore  his  majefty  defires “  yon  to  take  thofe  anfwerS  and  that  meffage  intoyourferious  confideration,  and  thereupon  to “  proceed  (according  to  the  intimation  in  your  petition)  in  your  add reftes  to  the  parliament, “  as  you  (hall  judge  fitteft  for  the  good  of  tnis  kingdom  and  the  exprefiions  of  your  duty “  and  affection  to  his  majefty’s  perfon  and  ftate. “  At  the  court  at  2'ork,  April  7,  1642. Signed OLIVER  NICHOLAS. The  king  gave  orders  for  his  majefty’s  printers  to  fet  up  their  prefies,  which  was  done  iri the  houfe,  forme  !y  %.  William's  college,  but  then  fir  Henry  Jenkins's,  in  the  minder-yard ; in  order  to  bpgin  a  paper  war  ;  which  was  brifldy  carried  on  by  both  parties  till  they  entered upon  a  real  one. April  7.  the  king  kept  his  ma'unday  in  the  cathedral,  where  the  biftiop  of  Winchejler ,  lord almoner,  performed  the  wfual  ceremonies.  The  lame  day  James  duke  of  York  came  to  this city,  where  the  day  following  the  king  kept  the  feftival  of  St.  George  in  great  ftate  ;  and  the young  duke  of  1  rrk  was  made  knight  companion  of  the  garter,  in  the  chapter-houfe,  with the  utmoft  magnificence. And  now  came  on  the  grand  affair  of  Hull ;  one  of  the  chief  reafons  that  the  king  came down  into  the  north,  is  owned  both  by  lord  Clarendon  and  Eachard ,  was  to  feize  upon  the vaft  magazine  in  that  town  •,  which  at  that  time  far  furpafied  the  collection  of  warlike  ftores in  the  tower  of  Louden.  The  pofieflion  of  this  would  have  been  of  infinite  fervice  to  the king’s  affairs,  and  probably  have  prevented  a  rupture.  The  parliament  might  dread  falling out  with  a  king  lb  well  provided  to  return  their  injuries  on  the  contrary  it  maybe  affirmed that  this  ft'pof  the  parliament’s  denying  the  king  entrance  into  one  ol  his  own  towns,  was an  overtadl  no  bettti  than  high-treafon :  Since  there  was  no  Jaw  then  in  being  that  counte¬ nanced,  in  the  fuch  a  proceeding,  but  many  a  one  againft  it  •,  fo  they,  with  their  gc- V-  r no. it,  che  a<ftor  ol  this  famous  exploit,  were  anfwerable  for  all  the  bloodfhed  occalioned by  ft. I  Ihall  not  trouble  the  reader  with  the  particulars  of  an  affair,  fo  very  well  known  ;  I lha.11  only  Jay,  that  the  king,  after  his  repulfe  by  fir  John  Hot  ham,  laid  that  night  at  Be¬ verly.  And  the  next  day  returned  to  York,  full  of  trouble  and  indignation  for  this  high affront,  which  he  forefaw  would  produce  infinite  mifehiefs. A  petition  and  a  mefiage,  however,  falls  in  my  way,  which  I  cannot  omit ;  the  petition was  delivered  to  his  majefty  at  York  upon  his  arrival  there,  by  a  great  number  of  the  gentle¬ men  of  that  county,  concerning  the  magazine  at  Hull,  before  his  majefty  went  thither. And  the  mefiage  is  from  the  king  himfelf  to  the  parliament,  with  a  relation  of  his  motives or  going,  and  treatment  there,  and  a  demand  of  juftice  againft  fir  John  Hotham  for  his  re- fufal.  In  thefe  words h : “  To  the  KING'S  mojl  excellent  majejly. (h)  “  The  humble  petition  of  the  gentry  and  commons  of  the  county  of  York. Mojl  royal  fovereign, “  T^Ncouraged  by  your  majefty’s  many  teftimonies  of  your  gracious  goodnefs  to  us  and l  v  our  county,  which  we  can  never  fufficiently  acknowledge  ;  we  in  all  duty  and  loy- “  alty  of  heart,  addrefs  our  felves  to  your  facred  majefty,  befeeching  you  to  call  your  eyes “  and  thoughts  upon  the  fafety  of  your  own  perfon,  and  your  princely  ilfue,  and  this “  whole  county ;  a  great  means  of  which  we  conceive  doth  confift  in  the  arms  and  ammu- “  nicion  at  Hull ,  placed  there  by  your  princely  care  and  charge,  and  fince  upon  general “  apprehenfions  of  dangers  from  foreign  parts  reprefented  to  your  majefty,  thought  fit  as “  yet  to  be  continued  j  we  for  our  parts,  conceiving  our  felves  to  be  ftill  in  danger,  do “  moft  humbly  befeech  your  majefty  that  you  will  be  pleas’d  to  take  fuch  courfe  and  or- ct  der  that  your  magazine  may  ftill  there  remain,  for  the  better  fecuring  of  thefe  and  the “  northern  parts:  and  the  rather,  becaufe  we  think  fit,  that  that  part  of  the  kingdom “  fhould  be  beft  provided  where  your  facred  perfon  doth  refide.  Your  perfon  being  like “  David’j,  the  light  of  Israel,  and  more  worth  than  ten  thoufand  of  us. Who  fhall  daily  pray,  & c. “  His  majejlfs  meffage  fent  to  the  parliament  April  24,  1642,  concerning  Sir  John  Hotham’ j “  refufal  to  give  his  majejly  entrance  into  Hull. "  7~  ~T  I  S  majefty  having  received  the  petition  inclofed  from  moft  of  the  chief  gentlemen X~x  “  near  about  York,  defiring  the  ftay  of  his  majefty’s  arms  and  munition  in  his  ma- rh)  Thefe  two  are  taken  out  of  a  pamphlet  imprinted  at  London  by  Tbo.  Faucett  1642. gazine C  Ii  AP.  V.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK,  1 4  y 44  gazine  3 1  Hull’,  for  the  fafety,  not  only  of  his  majefty’s  perfon  and  children,  but  like-  A.  164:. 44  wife  of  all  thefc  northern  parts ;  the  manifold  rumours  of  great  dangers  inducing  them 44  to  make  their  faid  fupplication,  thought  it  mod  fit  to  go  himfelf  in  perfon  to  his  town *“  of  Hull ,  to  view  his  arms  and  munition  there,  that  thereupon  he  might  give  directions 44  what  part  thereof  might  be  necefiary  to  remain  there,  for  the  fecurity  and  fatisfaCtion  of 44  his  northern  fubjedts,  and  what  part  thereof  might  be  fpared  for  Ireland ,  the  arming  of 44  his  majefty’s  Scotch  fubjedts  that  are  to  go  there,  or  to  replenifh  hischiefeft  magazine  in 44  the  tower  of  London.  Where  being  come  upon  the  23d  of  this  inftant  April ,  much  con- 44  trary  to  his  expectation,  he  found  all  the  gates  Ihut  upon  him,  and  the  bridges  drawn 44  up,  by  the  exprefs  command  of  fir  John  Hotbam ,  who  for  the  prefent  commands  a  gar- 44  rifon  there,  and  from  the  walls  flatly  denied  his  majefty  entrance  into  his  fiid  town,  the 44  reafon  of  which  denial  was  as  ftrange  to  his  majefty  as  the  thing  itfelf,  it  being  that  he, 44  could  not  admit  his  majefty  without  breach  of  truft  to  his  parliament,  which  did  the  more 44  incenfe  his  majefty’s  anger  againft  him,  for  that  he  mod  feditioufly  and  traiteroufty  would 44  have  put  hisdifobedience  upon  his  majefty’s  parliament  i  which  his  majefty  being  willing  to 44  clear,  demanded  of  him  if  he  had  the  impudence  to  averr  that  the  parliament  had  directed 44  him  to  deny  his  majefty  entrance,  and  that  if  he  had  any  fuch  order  that  he  fhould  (hew 44  it  in  writing,  for  otherways  his  majefty  could  not  believe  it,  which  he  could  no  ways 44  produce,  but  malitioufly  made  that  fa  lie  interpretation,  according  to  his  own  inferences, “  confefting  that  he  had  no  fuch  pofitive  order,  which  his  majefty  was  ever  confident  of. 44  But  his  majefty  not  willing  to  take  fo  much  pains  in  vain,  offered  to  come  into  that  his 64  town  only  with  twenty  horfe,  finding  that  the  main  of  his  pretence  lay,  that  his  majefty’s 44  train  was  able  to  command  the  garrifon  •,  notwithftanding  his  majefty  was  fo  defirous  to “  go  thither  in  a  private  way  that  he  gave  warning  thereof  but  overnight,  which  he  re- 44  filling.,  but  by  way  of  condition,  which  his  majefty  thought  much  below  him,  held  it 44  moft  necefiary  to  declare  him  a  traytor,  unlefs,  upon  better  thoughts,  he  fhould  yield 44  obedience,  which  he  doubly  deferved,  as  well  for  refufing  entrance  to  his  natural  fo* 44  vereign,  as  by  laying  the  reafon  thereof  groundlefly  and'  malitioufly  upon  his  parlia- 44  ment. 44  One  circumftance  his  majefty  cannot  forget,  that  his  fon  the  duke  of  York ,  and  his 44  nephew  the  prince  eleflor  having  gone  thither  the  day  before,  fir  John  Hotbam  delayed 44  the  letting  them  out  to  his  majefty  till  after  fome  confultation. 44  Hereupon  his  majefty  has  thought  it  expedient  to  demand  juft  ice  of  his  parliament 44  againft  the  faid  fir  John  Hotbam ,  to  be  exemplarily  inflidted  on  him  according  to  the “  laws,  and  the  rather  becaufe  his  majefty  would  give  them  a  fitoccafion  to  free  themfelves 44  of  this  imputation  by  him  fo  injurioufly  call  upon  them,  to  the  end  that  his  majefty  may 44  have  the  eafier  way  for  chaftifing  fo  high  a  difobedience.” All  the  anfwer  the  parliament  thought  fit  to  give  to  this  mefilige  was  this,  printed  in their  votes,  and  is  extant  in  Rujbworth. 44  Refolved  upon  the  quejlion.  Die  Jovis  28  April.  1642. 44  That  fir  John  Hotbam  knight,  according  to  this  relation,  hath  done  nothing  but  in 44  obedience  to  the  command  ot  both  houfes  of  parliament. 44  Refolved,  &c.  That  this  declaring  of  fir  John  Hotbam  traitor,  being  a  member  of  the 44  houfe  of  commons,  is  a  high  breach  of  the  privilege  of  parliament. 44  Refolved ,  &c.  That  this  declaring  of  fir  John  Hotbam  traitor,  without  due  procefs  of 44  law,  is  againft  the  liberty  of  the  fubjedt,  and  againft  the  law  of  the  land.” To  this  they  added  a  declaration  at  large  ;  wherein  they  vindicated  their  proceedings, infifted  upon  publick  rights,  and  boldly  aflerted  that  they  had  done  nothing  contrary  to his  majefty’s  royal  fovereignty  in  the  town,  or  his  legal  propriety  in  the  magazine.  This fmart  declaration  was  fent  and  delivered  to  the  king  at  York,  by  the  lord  Howard  of  Efcrick , the  lord  Fairfax ,  fir  Hugh  Cbolmley ,  fir  Philip  Stapleton ,  and  fir  Henry  Cbolmley-.  Thefe gentlemen,  befides  this  commiftion,  were  charged  by  the  parliament  with  another,  which v/as  to  refide  at  York,  to  be  fpies  upon  the  king  and  his  actions.  This  laft  commiftion, though  the  king  well  knew  it,  as  well  by  their  faucy  behaviour  to  him,  as  otherways,  fays Eacburd,  yet  his  affairs  were  then  at  fo  low  an  ebb,  that  he  durft  not  commit  them  to  pri- fon,  nor  expel  them  the  city  •,  nor  even  inhibit  them  the  court ;  fo  they  continued  in  York above  a  month,  in  perfect  defiance  of  him  and  his  authority. On  the  other  hand  the  nobility  and  gentry  of  the  county  of  York ,  looked  upon  the  af¬ fair  of  Hull  to  be  an  open  declaration  of  war  ;  as  in  truth,  fays  my  authority,  it  could  be conftrued  no  other,  for  no  fet  of  people  in  the  whole  world,  durft  have  done  fo  bare¬ faced  an  injury  to  their  fovereign,  if  they  were  not  refolved  to  go  further,  and  in  a  pe¬ tition  to  his  majefty  at  his  return,  they  exprefled  a  mighty  fenfe  and  pafiion  on  his  ma¬ jefty’s  behalf,  and  offered  to  raife  the  power  of  the  country  and  take  the  town  by  force.  It may  well  be  thought  that  one  gf  king  Charles’s  evil  genii  prefided  over  his  councils P  p  when 4 1 46  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. A.  1642.  when  he  rejedted  that  propofol  but  he,  as  a  foreign  hiftorian  juftly  obferves,  never  went to  exlreams ,  till  he  had  made  trial  of  feveral  ufelefs  precautions  ( i ). Many  were  the  declarations,  meffages,  refolutions,  petitions  which  paffed  betwixt  the king  and  his  parliament  and  others,  whilft  he  refided  at  York ,  which  I  have  i'een  and  pe- rufed  in  printed  copies  of  thofe  times,  or  in  Ru/hworth  ■,  to  give  them  at  hill  would  fwell this  work  to  an  enormous  fize,  for  barely  to  mention  them  all  is  too  much.  The  good king  was  amufing  himfelf  at  York  in  employing  his  tongue  with  fpeeches,  and  his  pen  with remonftrances,  whilft  the  parliament  was  laying  in  ftores  of  money,  ammunition,  &c.  and fo  ftrongly  reinforced  the  garrifon  at  Hull,  that  fir  John  Hotham  was  in  no  fear  of  an affault  •,  but  was  in  a  better  condition  to  attack  and  take  York ,  than  the  king  Hull. Ma\  4.  The  king  publifhed  an  anfwer  to  the  declaration,  votes  and  order  ol  alfiftance  of  both houfes  of  parliament  concerning  the  magazine  at  Hull ,  which  ends  thus: C2He  conclude  toitfj  mail cc  Pyms  oton  U)o;DS,  if  the  prerogative  of  the  king  overwhelm  the liberty  of  the  people,  it  will  be  turned  to  tyranny,  if  liberty  undermine  the  prerogative  it  will  grow into  anarchy,  anD  fo  toe  map  fap  into  confufion. His  majefty  had  fent  ouc  a  fummons  to  the  Yorkfhire  gentry  to  meet  him  at  the  city  of York ,  on  the  12th  of  this  month,  and  accordingly  they  being  afiembled  together,  to  the number  of  four  thoufond,  foys  my  manufeript,  his  majefty  fpoke  to  them  as  follows  ( k ). May  12. Gentlemen , “  t  Havecaufeof  adding,  not  altering,  what  I  meant  to  fay  to  you  •,  when  I  gave  out 1  “  the  fummons  for  this  day’s  appearance  I  little  thought  of  thefe  meflengers  or “  of  fuch  a  meflage  as  they  brought,  the  which  (becaufe  it  confirms  me  in  what  I  intend “  to  fpeak,  and  that  I  delire  you  Ihould  be  truly  informed  of  all  pafiages  between  me  and “  the  parliament)  you  fhall  hear  read,  firft  my  anfwer  to  the  declaration  of  both  houfes  con- “  cerning  Hull.  The  anfwer  of  the  parliament  to  my  two  meffages  concerning  Hull ;  to- “  gether  with  my  reply  to  the  fame  ,  and  my  meflage  to  both  houfes,  declaring  the  rca- “  fons  why  I  refufed  to  pafs  the  bill  concerning  the  militia. All  which  being  read,  his  majefty  proceeded, “  I  will  make  no  paraphrafes  upon  what  you  have  heard,  it  more  befitting  a  lawyer  than “  a  king  only  this  obfervation,  fince  treafon  is  countenanced  fo  near  me,  it  is  time  to  look “  to  my  fafety.  I  avow  it  is  part  of  my  wonder  that  men  (whom  I  thought  heretofore tc  difereet  and  moderate)  Ihould  have  undertaken  this  employment ;  and  that  fince  they “  came  (I  having  delivered  them  the  anfwer  you  have  heard,  and  commanded  them  to <c  return  perfonally  with  it  to  the  parliament)  fhould  have  flatly  difobeyed  in  pretence “  of  the  parliaments  commands.  My  end  in  telling  you  this  is  to  warn  you  of  them  ; tc  for  fince  thefe  men  have  brought  me  fuch  a  meflage,  and  difobeyed  fo  lawful  a  com- “  mand,  I  will  not  fay  what  their  intent  of  flaying  here  is,  only  I  bid  you  take  heed' not <£  knowing  what  dodtrine  of  difobedience  they  may  preach  to  you  under  colour  of  obey- “  ing  the  parliament.  Hitherto  I  have  found  and  kept  you  quiet,  the  enjoying  of  which “  was  a  chief  caufe  of  my  coming  hither,  (tumults  and  diforders  having  made  me  leave “  the  fouth)  and  not  to  make  this  a  feat  of  war,  as  malice  would  (but  I  hope  in  vain)  make “  you  believe.  Now  if  difturbances  come,  I  know  who  I  have  reafon  to  fufpect. “  To  be  ftiort,  you  fee  that  my  magazine  is  going  to  be  taken  from  me,  (being  my “  own  proper  goods)  diredtly  againft  my  will.  The  militia  (againft  law  and  my  confent) “  is  going  to  be  put  in  execution  •,  and  laftly,  fir  John  Hot  hands  treafon  is  countenanced. “  All  this  confidered,  none  can  blame  me  to  apprehend  dangers-,  therefore  I  have  thought “  fit  upon  thefe  real  grounds  to  tell  you  that  I  am  refolved  to  have  a  guard  (the  parlia- “  ment  having  had  one  all  this  while  upon  imaginary  jealoufies)  only  to  fecure  my  perfon. “  In  which  I  defire  your  concurrence  and  alTiftance,  and  that  I  may  be  able  to  protedt  you, “  the  laws  and  the  true  proteftant  profeflion  from  any  affront  or  injury  that  may  be  offered; “  which  I  mean  to  maintain  myfelf  without  charge  to  the  country,  intending  not  longer “  to  keep  them  on  foot,  then  I  fhall  be  fecured  of  juft  apprehenfions,  by  having  fatisfac- “  tion  in  the  particulars  aforementioned.” This  fpeech  was  taken  into  confideration  by  two  different  parties ;  the  republicans  of  the county  met  the  high  fheriff  at  the  dean’s  houfe,  and  fubferibed  an  anfwer  to  his  majefty’s propofitions,  wherein  “  they  defired  his  majefty  to  throw  himfelf  intirely  upon  hisparlia- “  ment,  of  whofe  loyal  care  and  affedtion  to  his  majefty’s  honour  and  fafety  they  were  moft “  confident.  That  the  gentlemen  who  were  lately  employed  to  attend  his  majefty  from  both “  houfes,  were  men  of  quality  and  eftates  in  this  county,  and  trufted  to  ferve  in  that  moft u  honourable  aflembly.  They  humbly  craved  leave  to  exprefs  their  confidence  in  their  un- “  ftained  loyalty  and  affedtion  to  his  majefty,  as  his  majefty  may  fecurely  admit  their  at- “  tendance  to  negotiate  their  imployments,  until  they  be  recalled  by  the  parliament.  And “  for  their  fidelity  they  did  all  engage  themfelves  to  his  majefty,  and  were  moft  affured, (/)  Pere  ^’Orleance  hifl.  de  revolut.  d’ Ang.  printer  to  the  king’s  moft  excellent  majefty,  and  by  the (i)  This  fpeech  was  printed  at  York,  by  Robert  Barker ,  affigns  of  John  Bill.  1642. “  that Chap.  V.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  l47 “  that  his  royal  perfon  would  be  fecure  in  the  general  fidelity  of  his  fubje&s  in  this  county  A.  1642. “  without  any  extraordinary  guard  (l).” At  the  head  of  the  fubfcribers  to  this  anfwer  was  fir  Thomas  Fairfax  ;  it  was  delivered  May  iz. to  the  king  by  the  high  fheriff \  and  by  whom  his  majefty  returned  this  fhort  anfwer. His  majeftv  experts  the  like  a ffettion  from  you,  that  he  doth  from  the  other  gentlemen  \  and  that he  hath  the  fame  confidence  in  you  that  he  hath  in  them. But  the  loyal  party,  being  much  more  numerous,  convened  themfelves,  and  agreed  upon the  following  declaration : WE  the  knights  and  gentlemen  whofe  names  are  fubfcribed  do  unanimoufly  prefent “  c^ls  our  anfwer  to  your  majefty’s  propofitions  concerning  the  raifing  ofa  guard “  of  horfe,  for  the  fecurity  and  defence  of  your  facred  perfon. To  which  propofition  as  we  conceive  our  felves  bound  by  allegiance  do  willingly  con- “  curr.  For  that  purpofe  humbly  defiring  that  the  aforefaid  may  be  raifed  by  legal  au- “  thoriry  :  and  likewife  that  it  may  confift  of  perfons  unqueftionable  in  their  religion,  and “  gentlemen.” The  fubftance  of  his  majefty’s  anfwer  to  this. His  majefty  gave  them  thanks ,  for  it  appeared  as  a  fatisfaftory  anfwer ,  and  in  it  they  had jhewed  great  circumfpettion  and  wifdom ,  by  chufing  fuch  whofe  loyalty  could  not  be  qneftioned ,  and by  excluding  recufants ,  and  all  fufpected  to  be  disajfefted. Immediately  upon  this  two  hundred  young  gentlemen,  of  this  county,  voluntarily  lifted themfelves  into  a  troop  ;  under  the  command  of  the  prince  of  Wales  •,  whofe  lieutenant-co¬ lonel  was  fir  Francis  Wortley.  His  majefty  had  alfo  a  regiment  of  feven  hundred  foot  of the  trained  bands  commanded  by  fir  Robert  Strickland.  This  fmall  armament  the  kin» conftantly  caufed  to  be  paid  every  Saturday  at  his  own  charge,  when  he  had  little  more  than would  defray  the  expences  of  his  own  table,  which  was  kept  with  all  the  parfimony  ima¬ ginable  •,  the  prince  and  duke  not  having  tables  apart,  as  was  ufual,  but  eating  at  his  ma- jelty  s.  The  court  was  kept  at  this  time  at  old  fir  Arthur  Ingram's  houfe  in  the  minfter- yard,  and  not  in  the  manor  ( m ). For  the  favour  and  affection  fliewn  him  by  the  Yorkfhire  gentry,  his  majefty  diretted  the following  letter  to  them. “  our  riiht  trufty  an&  wel1  beloved  the  gentry  of  York,  and  others  of  this  our  county  of  May  16, York,  whom  it  doth  or  may  concern  (n). “  have  witfl  great  contentment  confidined  your  dutiful  and  affectionate  anfwer  to W  “  our  propofition  concerning  the  unfufferable  affront  we  received  at  Hull.  We “  have  not  been  deceived  in  that  confidence  we  have  had  in  your  affeCtion,  wherefore  we <c  ^fire  you  to  allure  the  reft  of  your  countrymen,  who  through  negligence  were  omitted tc  to  be  fummoned,  that  we  fhall  never  abufe  your  love  by  any  power  wherewith  God  ftiall “  enable  us,  to  the  leaft  violation  of  the  leaft  of  your  liberties,  or  the  diminution  of  thole “  immunities  which  we  have  granted  you,  this  parliament,  though  they  be  beyond  the  ads “  oi  if  not  all>  our  predeceflors.  Being  refolved  with  a  conftantand  firm  refolution “  to  have  the  iaw  of  this  land  duly  obferved,  and  fhall  endeavour,  only,  fo  to  preferve “  our  juft  royal  rights  as  may  enable  us  to  protect  our  kingdom  and  people,  according  to “  t*ie  antient  honours  of  the  kings  of  England  •,  and  according  to  the  truft  which  byDthe “  law  of  God  and  this  land  is  put  into  the  crown  •,  being  fufficiently  warned  by  the  late afi7r°nt  at  Hull  not  to  transfer  the  fame  out  of  our  power.  Concerning  which  affront “  we  will  take  fome  time  to  advife  which  way  we  may  ufefully  imploy  your  affections;  in “  the  mean  time  we  fhall  take  it  well  from  all  fuch  as  fhall  perfonally  attend  us,  fo  fol- “  lowed  and  provided,  as  they  fliall  think  fit  for  the  better  fafety  of  our  perfon,  becaufe “  we  know  not  what  fudden  violence  or  affront  may  be  offered  to  us,  having  lately  re- “  ceived  fuch  an  aCtual  teftimony  of  rebellious  intentions  as  fir  John  Hotham  hath  exprefled “  at  Hull.  Being  thus  fecured  by  your  affeClions  and  afliftance,  we  promife  you  our  pro- “  teCtion  from  any  contrary  power  whatever,  and  that  you  fhall  not  be  molefted  for  your “  humble  and  modeft  petition,  as  of  late  you  have  been  threatned. “  Given  at  our  court  at  York,  May  16,  1642. The  fmall  army  in  the  north,  raifed  for  defence  of  the  king’s  perfon,  made  a  great noife  in  the  fouth,  and  the  parliament  laid  hold  of  the  occafion  to  declare  that  the  king was  levying  forces  to  fubdue  them.  And  now  came  out  thundering  pamphlets  to  inftil  fears and  jealoufies  into  the  people ;  one  of  which  lies  now  before  me  publifhed  by  their  own authority,  with  this  dreadful  title  : (/)  From  a  pamphlet  publifhed  by  authority  of  pari. bond  1642.  The  high  fheriff  of  the  county  this  year was  fir  Richard  Hutton  of  Goldjburgh,  knight. (/&)  Ex  M  S. (a)  Printed  at  York  by  the  king’s  printers,  1642, I “  Hor- 148 A.  164.2. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. “  Horrible  news  from  York,  Hull ,  and  Nnvcajlle ;  concerning  die  king's  majefty’s  intent  tQ “  take  up  arms  againft  the  parliament. “  With  his  majefty’s  threatnings  to  imprifon  the  lord  Fairfax,  fir  Philip  Sta:  let  on,  and “  the  reft  of  the  committee  appointed  by  the  parliament  to  fit  at  York.  And  die  joint “  votes  of  both  houfes  concerning  the  fame. “  Alfo  the  lord  Stamford's  report  to  the  parliament  concerning  the  danger  of  Hull •,  and “  his  majefty’s  refolutions  to  take  up  arms. Imprim.  Jo.  Brown,  cler.  pari. This  blow  was  occafioned  by  a  letter  fent  from  the  before  named  gentlemen,  the  parlia¬ ment’s  committee  at  York ,  to  the  fpeaker  of  the  houfe  of  commons,  together  with  a  copy of  the  king’s  laft  fpeech  to  the  gentry  of  Yorkfhire ,  and  the  different  refolutions  upon  it. This  letter  becaufe  it  gives  a  particular  account  of  the  tranfadtions  at  this  meeting,  and  be- caufe  it  betrays  them  to  be  what  the  king  really  took  them  for,  viz.  fpies  upon  his  actions, I  lhall  give,  verbatim ,  as  follows  (0)  : “SIR, tc  tN  our  laft  letter  we  gave  you  an  account  of  our  firft  and  fecond  waiting  on  the  king. J[  “  We  writ  to  you  then  that  his  majefty  commanded  us  to  attend  him  yefterday,  being “  Thurfday,  to  hear  what  he  faid  to  the  gentlemen  •,  which  a  little  before  the  meeting  he feconded  by  a  particular  mefiage.  Being  come  thither  his  majefty  cau fed  the  Icveral “  meffages  between  him  and  the  parliament  mentioned  in  this  enclofed  printed  paper  to be  read. (f  This  was  done  with  much  humming  and  applayfe  of  the  king’s  mefiages,  by  fome “  perfons  who  had  placed  themfelyes  near  about  where  thq  king  ftood  ;  but  when  any “  thing  from  the  parliament  came  to  be  read,  with  fo  much  hiding  and  reviling  the  par- “  liament,  that  though  in  refpedt  and  duty  to  the  king’s  perfon,  we  could  not  relent  it  as “  otherways  we  ftiould  have  done,  yet  we  have  fince  expoftulatcd  and  complained  ol  it  to “  his  majefty.  Some  were  fo  bold  as  to  fay  openly,  that  the  parliament-men  fhould  Jet tl  their  houfes  in  order,  for  many  of  them  fhould  Jhorlly  have  their  beads  off.  One  of  which,  as “  fince  we  are  credibly  informed,  was  one  Hurfi  a  fervant  to  one  maker  Wuliam  Crofts.  In “  this  which  was  faid  by  the  king,  you  will  fee  what  reafon  we  had  to  vindicate  ourklves, “  and  therefore  we  immediately  repaired  to  the  dean’s  houfe  with  all  the  o. her  gentlemen, «  and  there  we  took  notice  of  the  rough  ufige  we  had  received  •,  we  told  them  that  it  was “  neither  indiferetion  nor  difobedience  in  us,  (as  his  majefty  was  plcafed  to  call  it)  to  de- “  liver  the  parliament’s  mefiage,  or  to  ftay  here  though  commanded  to  the  contrary ;  fince “  we  conceived  no  man  needed  to  be  fat;isfied  in  fo  clear  a.  cafe  as  this-,  that  every  mcm- «t  ber  of  each  houfe  ought  to  obey  their  commands  when  they  were  pleafed  to  imploy “  them.  But  fince  his  majefty  thought  fit  to  bid  them  take  heed  of  us,  not  knowing  what “  dodlrine  of  difobedience  we  might  preach  to  them,  we  appealed  to  every  man,,  whether tc  we  had  in  word  or  deed,  in  publick  or  in  private,  done  any  thing  that  became  not  ho¬ ts  neft  men,  and  perfons  employed  from  the  parliament.  That  we  had  communicated “  our  inftruftions  to  his  majefty,  being  that  we  would  avow  all  our  atftions,.  and  that  we *c  were  confident  it  would  not  be  faid,  we  had  trangrefled  them.  This  was  very  well “  taken  and  juftified  by  the  country.  Yefterday  there  came  divers  thoufands  of  free- “  ftplders  to  this  city,  though  none  but  the  gentry  were  fummoned,  but  receiving  a  com- “  mand  from  the  king  not  to  copae  to  court,  they  forbore  and  ftaid  in  the  caftle-yard, “  yet  fent  this  petition  (p)  inclofed  from  his  majefty,  and  received  the  anfwer  annexed “  thereunto.  There  was  likewife  a  committee  of  twelve  gentlemen  appointed  yefter- “  night  to  confider  of  drawing  up  an  anfwer  to  the  king’s  propofiiion  concerning  a “  guard.  But  nothing  could  be  done  then,  becaufe  it  was  paft  three  a  clock  before  the “  gentlemen  were  admitted  to  the  king.  This  morning  the  freeholders  affembled “  again  in  the  caftle-yard,  and  there  they  made  this  protefta.tion  enclofed,  of  their  right “  of  voting  in  what  concei;neth  the  peace  of  the  country ,  as  having  their  intereft tc  therein. “  When  we  all  met  this  morning  at  the  dean’s  houfe,  we  who  are  your  committees  rc- <£  ceived  this  mefiage  by  fir  Edouard  Stanhope that  he  came  from  hjs.  majefty  to  command “  us,  that  we  ftiould  depart  from  this  meeting,  and  if  we  did  ftay,  his  majefty  would “  judge  us  guilty  of  that  he  fpoke  on  yefterday,  which  was  tampering.  Notwithftand- “  ing  which  command  we  read  the  fourth  article  of  our  inftructions  to  the  whole  compa- “  ny,  that  being  pertinent  to  the  bufinels  we  were  then  upon,  and  dcfired  them  to  con- (0)  From  a  pamphjet  printed  at  Loudon,  1642,  by authority.  This  letter  is  alfo  in  Rvjhzuortb,  J'ub  hoc  anno. Soon  after  came  out  a  pamphlet  ililed,  “  more  news  from “  Hull ;  or  a  molt  happy  and  fortunate  prevention  of  a “  molt  hellifli  anddivclifh  plot,  occafioned  by  fome  un- “  quiet  and  difeontented  fpirits  again  It  the  town  of  Hull, “  endeavouring  to  commat.d  their  admittance  by  calling “  balls  of  wild  lire  into  the  town,  which  by  policy  and “  entreaty,  they  could  not  obtain."  London  printed  for R.  Cooper.  1642. (/1)  The  petition,  anfwer.  and  protchaticn  I  have, but  thought  them  too  Ir.ng  to  in.'.rf.  The  freeholders were  only  nettled  th.t  they  were  icfr  out  of  the  fuin- mons,  and  therefore  jointd  with  the  disaffected  at  tha time. fider. *49 Ciiap.  V.  of  the  C i TV  of  YOR K. “  fider,  whether  the  parliament  had  not  exprefled  therein  fuch  a  care  of  the  kino-’s  fafety, “  there  would  be  little  need  of  guards.  We  told  them  we  had  a  good  right*  of  bein« “  there  as  freeholders  of  the  county  •,  but  that  in  obedience  to  the  king  we  would  depart ct  f°r  this  time  ;  but  whenfoever  there  fhould  be  occafion  for  our  being  there,  in  purfuance “  of  our  inflections  and  commands  from  the  parliament,  we  fhould  be  ready.  The  whole “  company  exprefled  great  fatisfa&ion,  and  defired  a  copy  of  that  inftruftion,  which  we “  gave  them.  We  were  the  more  willing  at  that  time  to  go  from  thence,  becaule  we  fhould “  noc  only  give  obedience  to  the  king’s  command,  which  otherways  he  would  have  faid “  we  conftantly  difobcycd,  but  becaufe  the  committee  of  twelve  appointed  yefternight  were “  then  to  withdraw,  fo  that  there  was  nothing  for  the  prefent  for  us  to  do.  We  imme- “  diately  went  to  the  king  and  befought  him,  that  fince  we  were  continually  fo  difcounte- “  nanced  by  him  in  the  face  of  our  country,  that  he  would  be  pleafed  to  let  us  know  in “  particular,  wherein  we  had  given  the  occafion,  for  we  otherways  conceived  we  were  de- “  prived  of  that  liberty,  which  was  our  due  in  refpedt  of  that  intereft  we  had  here.  His “  majefty  was  pleafed  to  tell  us,  that  if  we  would  lay  afide  that  condition  of  committees from  the  parliament,  he  would  noc  hinder  us  to  be  there  as  gentlemen  of  the  country  ; “  we  humbly  replied  that  we  could  not  lay  that  down;  nor  could  we  be  abfenr  from  any “  meeting  where  our  prefence  was  required  for  the  fervice  as  committees  from  the  parlia- “  rnent,  to  which  his  majefty  faid,  that  indeed  he  thought  we  could  not  lay  it  down,  nei- “  ther  was  it  reafonable  that  we  fhould  have  votes  and  be  in  a  double  capacity. “  The  committee  hath  been  together  molt  part  of  this  day;  but,  not  agreeing,  fix  of “  them  have  drawn  up  this  anfwer  enclofed,  which  they  have  communicated  to  the  o-entle- “  men  and  freeholders.  The  greater  part  of  the  gentlemen  and  all  the  freeholders  have “  agreed  to  and  fubferibed  it.  The  other  fix  have  concluded  upon  this  other  anfwer,  con- “  fenting  to  a  guard  ofhorfe,  but  this  we  do  not  hear  they  have  gotten  many  names  to, nor  can  get  a  copy  of  thofe  names  as  yet,  though  thefe  be  very  few,  yet  whether “  they  can  bring  in  any  horfe  or  no  we  cannot  yet  judge.  The  king  has  received  both “  thefe  refolutions,  which  with  his  anfwers  to  them  you  have  likewife  here  enclofed.  His “  maJefty  had  declared  himfelf  yefterday  that  he  would  raile  the  regiment  which  was  fir “  Robert  Strickland’s  for  his  foot  guard  ;  but  he  hath  now  laid  afide  that  refolution.  The freeholders  of  the  county  are  now  newly  fummoned,  to  attend  his  majefty  about  a <c  week  hence,  the  three  ridings  on  three  feveral  days,  but  for  what  fervice  we  do  not “  know. “  Sir  you  have  here  a  large  narative  of  the  pafiages  at  this  meeting,  what  dangers  this “  poor  country  lies  under,  we  humbly  refer  it  to  you  to  judge,  not  taking  upon  us  to  de- “  liver  any  opinion.  The  bufinefs  lafted  fo  long  that  it  hindred  us  from  "ivino-  a  more Ci  fpeedy  account.  Sir,  this  is  what  at  this  time  is  fent  from Tour,  ajftired  friends  and  fe'rvants FER.  FAIRFAX. HU.  C  H  OHM  LEY. PHILIPS  TA  P  LET'  0  H. HE ,  C IIO  L  ML  ET. f  fhall  trouble  the  reader  with  no  comment  on  this  long  letter,  though  in  many  places the  fen  fe  of  it  lies  open  for  a  fmart  one  ;  if  he  thinks  as  I  do,,  he  will  wonder  at  the  king’s patience  under  all  thefe  infults  to  keep  his  hands  off  thefe  a&ors;  and  the  parliament  was io  ienfible  that  their  worthy  committee  deferved  imprifonment  that  they  thought  fit  to pals  this  order  againft  it.  ° “  That  whofoever  fhould  offer  to  attach  and  imprifon  any  members  of  both  the “  houles  employed  in  their  fervice,  it  fhould  be  held  as  a  high  breach  of  the  priviledcreS “  of  parliaments.”  r  ° I  have  met  with  a  fpeech  faid  to  be  fpoken  by  fir  Philip  Stapleton,  one  of  thefe  <rentle- men  of  the  committee,  to  the  king  at  Fork  ;  but  whether  genuine  or  not  is  difputable from  the  oddnefs  of  the  ftyle,  fome  of  it  being  in  rhyme  or  verfe.  I  chofe  to  o-ive  it  how" ever,  in  this  place,  though  I  take  it  to  be  a  firebrand  thrown  out  at  London  againft  the  king and  his  court  at  Fork,  without  any  foundation  for  it ;  becaufe  the  affembly  here  mentioned was  not  held  till  June  3,  which  was  after  this -.fpeech  was  faid  to  have  been  fpoke,  and was  actually  printed.  r “  A  renowned  fpeech  fpoken  to  the  KJNG’s  moft  excellent  majefty  at  the  laft  ?reat  affembly “  and  commmallly  of  Yorkfhire,  by  that  moft  judicious  gentleman  fir  Philip “  Moft  gracious  fovereign , T  ^7rnu0I:  ’nc)jr  y°ur  majefty’s  difpleafure,  if  I  that  am  one  of  the  pooreft  of  your iubjeCts  prefume  to  fpeake  fome  few  words  unto  my  lord  the  king. Q^q  <s  According Fork,  13  Mail 1642. ..  1642. 150  'the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. A.  164:.  41  According  to  your  majefties  command,  we  the  .gentry  and  commonality  of  Torkjbire , “  are  here  met  to  know  your  majefties  pleafure,  and  knowing  to  fullfill  what  we  with “  honour  may  performe,  or  with  loyalty  execute  :  nor  have  we  brought  with  us  the  leaft “  thought  of  fuch  a  feare,  fince  ’twere  difloyalty  in  the  higheft  degree  to  think  a  prince  fo “  gratious,  from  whom  we  have  received  fuch  large  exprefiions  of  royal  love  and  favour “  Ihould  command  any  thing  not  fuitable  to  Jaw  and  to  our  confciences ;  far  be  it  from  us “  to  think  it,  only  let  me  take  licence  to  tell  what  fome  men  mutter,  as  touching  your “  majefties  demands  to  have  a  guard  of  horfe  and  foot  to  waite  upon  your  majeftie. “  Firft,  that  the  malignant  party  hath  counfelled  your  majeftie  to  take  this  courfe  ;  and “  under  this  pretence  to  gain  a  power  of  horfe  and  foote  which  Ihould  be  imployed  againft “  the  parliament. “  We  hope  much  better,  nor  can  we  give  juft  credit  to  fuch  vain  reports,  yet  Ihould  we “  with  our  perfons  and  eftates  purchafe  a  ruine  to  ourfelves  and  kingdome,  it  would  be  a “  fad  reward  for  all  our  fervice. “Oh  my  dread  lord, “  Let  but  your  lerious  judgment  call  to  mind  what  fid  difafters  homebred  ftrife  doth “  breed  in  private  families,  and  if  in  them,  what  mifchief  in  a  kingdome  that  is  divided  in- “  to  as  many  factions  as  there  is  counties.  The  church,  the  ftate,  the  court,  the  city, “  and  the  county  too  full  of  diflention-,  let  your  majefty  call  to  mind  the  hellilh  plots  the “  papifts  dayly  layd  to  ruine  and  deftroy  your  royal  father  •,  could  they  hate  him,  and “  yet  love  you  fo  deare  ?  believe  it  not  my  lord-,  their  flattering  tongues  and  their  dif- “  l'embling  traines  are  inwardly  all  poyfon  ;  their  oyly  councils  fame  to  quench  this  fire,  but “  with  that  oyle  they  do  your  fall  confipire :  call  back  your  eye  to  Torke  and  Lane  after,  how “  many  nobles  loft  their  noble  lives,  how  many  fubjeds  paid  their  lives  as  tributes  to  their “  then  doubtfull  king?  How  was  this  kingdom  wafted  and  deftroyed?  And  in  the  end  when “  warre  did  ceafie  to  frown ,  he  loft  a  kingdome  to  obtain  a  crown. “  Befides,  great  king,  admit  a  guard  was  raifed  as  is  intended  (depending  on  your  royal “  wifdome  in  the  ufe  of  them)  what  could  fuch  forces  do  againft  a  kingdome?  what  can “  rawe  foldiers  do  againft  thole  thoufinds  of  expert  foldiers  which  have  taken  on  the  to “  defend  your  royal  majefty,  and  the  high  court  of  parliament?  But  if  your  majefty  fhall “  put  your  felf  in  oppofition,  and  raile  forces  againft  your  loyal  and  obedient  fubjeds, “  they  ought  in  laws  of  nature,  both  human  and  divine,  to  defend  and  make  refiftance; “  and  Ihould  this  come  to  pafs,  which  God  forbid,  tillage  and  trade  muft  ceafe  j  foreign “  commerce  and  traffique  muft  have  an  end-,  and  hoftility  muft  be  the  practice  of  this “  kingdome,  both  to  defend  your  facred  majefty  from  your  domeftick  enemies  the  papijls “  (which  but  aflembled  by  your  gracious  licence  would  foon  declare  themfelves  your  own “  and  kingdomes  greateft  enemies)  and  to  fecure  the  kingdom  from  the  invafion  of  foreign “  enemies,  that  dayly  watch  advantage  to  get  a  footing  in  this  fruitfull  ifle,  and  to  fup- “  prefs  the  gofpell;  and  it  is  greatly  to  be  feared,  that  by  their  grand  incendiarys  here  they “  are  the  chiefeft  authors  of  thefe  great  diftradions. “  1  fear  I  have  difpleafed  your  majefty  -,  if  fo,  I  crave  your  gracious  pardon.  It  is  my “  true  love  and  zealous  loyaltie  to  your  facred  majefty,  and  this  my  native  kingdome  that “  makes  me  bold  to  prefs  your  majefty  -,  befide  the  intereft  and  aflurance  I  have  of  the “  fidelity  of  that  great  councell,  whereof  by  the  favour  of  my  country  I  was  chofen  a  mem- “  ber  ;  which  truft  I  will  till  death  faithfully  difeharge,  both  to  your  facred  majefty,  and “  this  my  country. “  Spoken  May  28,  and  printed  June  2,  1642.  London  by  J.  Horton. May  17. May  20. About  this  time  the  king  gave  notice  to  the  lord-keeper  at  London  to  ifiiie  forth  writs for  the  adjournment  of  the  next  term  to  York ;  but  this  was  obftruded  by  a  vote  of  the houfe. .  Came  the  Portugal  ambafiador  to  York  ;  and  what  added  exceedingly  to  the  king’s  fa- tisfadion,  hr  Edward  Littleton  lord  keeper  of  the  great  fieal,  by  an  excellent  management, brought  oft'  that  important  mark  of  fovereignty,  as  well  as  himfelf,  fafe  to  his  mailer. Many  of  the  peers  now  left  their  feats  in  parliament,  and  came  to  pay  their  duty  to  the king  at  York.  A  lift  of  which  noblemen  as  it  was  then  printed  at  London,  with  a  defign to  blacken  them,  is  as  follows, The  lord  keeper. Duke  of  Richmond. Marquis  of  Hartford. Marquis  of  Hamilton. Earl  of  Cumberland. Earl  of  Bath. Earl  of  Southampton. Earl  of  Dorfet. Earl  ol  Salisbury. Earl  of  Northampton. Earl  of  Devonfhire . Earl  of  Carlifte. Earl  of  Clare. Earl  of  IVeftmorland . Earl  of  Monmouth. Earl  of  Lindfey. Earl  of  NewcaJUe. Earl  of  Dover. Earl  of  Carnarvan. Earl  of  Newport. Earl  of  Yhanett. Lord  Moubray. Lord  Strange. Lord  Willoughby. Lord  Longavile. Lord  Rich. Lord  Andover. Lord  Faulkonbridge. Lord  Lovelace. Lord  Paulet. X.ord  Newark. Lord  Coventry. Lord  Savile. Lord  Dunfmore. Lord  Seymour. Lord  Capell. The I Chap.  V.  of  the  CITY  a/YORK.  Iy The  parliament  preferred  a  (q)  petition  to  his  majefty  at  York  concerning  the  dilbanding  A  164 of  his  guard  ;  intimating,  “  that  under  colour  of  raifing  a  guard  (which  conlidering  the  fi-1%  23- “  delity  and  care  oi  his  parliament  there  can  be  no  ufe  for)  his  majefty  hath  commanded “  troops  both  of  horfe  and  foot  to  affemble  at  York ,  and  which  is  a  juft  caufe  of  great  jea- “  loufy  and  danger  to  the  whole  kingdom. “  They  therefore  humbly  befeech  his  majefty  to  dilband  all  fuch  forces,  and  rely  for  his “  fecurity,  as  his  predeceflors  had  done,  on  the  affecftions  of  his  people.  Otherways  they “  fhould  hold  themfelves  bound  in  duty  towards  God,  and  the  truft  repofed  in  them  by  the “  people,  to  imploy  their  care  and  utmoft  power  to  fecure  the  parliament,  and  preferve 44  the  peace  and  quiet  of  the  kingdom. Along  with  their  petition  they  fent  his  majefty  three  refolutions  of  parliament,  viz. Die  Veneris  Mail  20,  1642. 44  Re/olved  upon  the  quejlion , “  Firft,  That  it  appears  that  the  king  (feduced  by  wicked  council)  intends  to  make  war 44  againft  the  parliament,  who,  in  all  their  confultations  and  adlions,  have  propofed  no  o- 44  tlier  end  unto  themfelves  but  the  care  of  his  kingdoms,  and  the  performance  of  all  duty 44  and  loyalty  to  his  perfon. 44  Secondly ,  That  whenfoever  the  king  maketh  war  upon  the  parliament,  it  is  a  breach  of 44  the  truft  repofed  in  him  by  his  people,  and  contrary  to  his  oath,  and  tending  to  the  dif- 14  folution  of  this  government. “  Thirdly,  That  whofoever  lhall  ferve  or  afTift  him  in  fuch  wars,  are  traitors  by  the  fun- “  damental  laws  of  this  kingdom,  and  have  been  fo  adjudged  by  two  acts  of  parliament  (r), “  and  ought  to  fuffer  as  traitors  ( s). His  majefty’ s  an  finer. “  1 1 J  E  cannot  but  extreamly  wonder  that  the  caufelefs  jealoufys  concerning  us,  raifed  and *V  “  fomented  by  a  malignant  party  in  this  kingdom,  which  defire  nothing  more 44  than  to  fnatch  themfelves  particular  advantages  out  of  a  general  combuftion,  (which  means 44  of  advantage  lhall  never  be  adminiftred  to  them  by  our  fault  or  feeking)  fhould  not  only 44  be  able  to  leduce  a  weak  party  in  this  our  kingdom,  but  feem  to  find  fo  much  counte- 44  nance  even  from  boch  houfes,  as  that  our  raifing  of  a  guard  (without  further  dcflgn  than 44  for  the  fafety  of  our  perfon,  an  action  foe  legal  in  manner,  foe  peaceable  upon  caufes  foe 44  evident  and  neceffary)  fhould  not  only  be  looked  upon  and  petitioned  againft  by  them,  as 44  a  caufelefs  jealoufy,  but  declared  to  be  the  raifing  of  a  war  againft  them,  contrary  to  our 44  former  profeffions  of  our  care  of  religion  and  law.  And  we  noe  lefs  wonder  that  this 44  action  of  ours  fhould  be  faid  (in  a  very  large  expreflion)  to  be  apprehended  by  the  inha- 44  bitants  of  this  country,  as  an  affrightment  and  difturbance  to  our  people ;  having  been  as 44  well  received  here,  as  it  is  every  where  to  be  juftify’d  ;  and  (we  fpeak  now  of  the  general 44  not  of  a  few  feduced  particulars)  afiifted  and  fped  by  this  country,  with  that  loyal  affe- 44  ftion  and  alacrity  as  is  a  moll  excellent  example  fet  to  the  reft  of  the  kingdom,  of  care  of 44  our  fafety  upon  all  occafions,  and  lhall  never  be  forgotten  by  us,  nor  we  hope  by  our  po- 44  fterity  but  fhall  ever  be  paid  to  them  in  that  which  the  proper  expreflion  of  a  prince’s 44  gratitude,  and  perpetual  vigilant  care  to  govern  them  juftly,  and  to  preferve  the  only  rule 44  by  which  they  can  be  governed,  the  law  of  the  land.  And  we  are  confident,  that  if  you 44  were  yourfelves  eye-witneffes,  you  would  foe  fee  the  contrary,  as  to  give  little  prefent 44  thanks,  and  hereafter  little  credit  to  your  informers :  And  if  you  have  noe  better  tntelli- 44  gence  of  the  inclinations  of  the  reft  of  the  kingdom,  certainly  the  minds  of  our  people 44  (which  to  fome  ends  and  purpofes  you  reprefent)  are  but  ill  reprefented  unto  you. 44  Have  you  foe  many  months  together  not  contented  your  felves  to  rely  for  fecurity  (as 44  your  predeceffours  have  done  upon  the  affeftion  of  the  people,  but  by  your  own  Angle 44  authority  raifed  to  your  felves  a  guard,  and  that  fometimes  of  noe  ordinary  numbers,  and 44  in  no  ordinary  way)  and  could  not  all  thofe  pikes  and  proteftations,  that  army  on  one 44  fide  and  that  navy  on  the  other,  perfwade  us  to  command  you  to  dilband  your  forces, 44  and  to  content  yourfelves  with  your  ordinary  (that  is  with  noe)  guard,  and  work  in  us  an 44  opinion,  that  you  appeared  to  levy  war  againft  us,  or  had  any  further  defign  :  And  is  it 44  poflible  that  the  lame  perfons  Ihould  be  foe  apt  to  fufpeift  and  condemn  us  who  have  been 44  foe  unapt  in  the  fame  matter  (upon  much  more  ground)  to  tax  or  fufpeft  them  ?  This  is 44  our  cafe,  notwithftanding  the  care  and  fidelity  of  our  parliament,  our  fort  is  kept  by  arm- 44  ed  men  againft  us,  our  proper  goods  firft  detained  from  11s,  and  then,  contrary  to  our 44  command,  by  ftrong  hand  offered  to  be  carried  away  (in  which  at  once  all  our  property 44  as  a  private  perfon,  all  our  authority  as  a  king  are  wrefted  from  us)  and  yet  for  us  to  fe- 44  cure  ourfelves  in  a  legal  way,  that  fir  John  Hc'.bam  may  not  by  the  fome  forces,  or  by  more ( \ f)  Out  of  a  quarto  book  publilhed  at  London  1643. intituled.  An  ex  aft  colleflion  of  all  remonflranecs ,  decla- .■  at  ions,  votes,  orders,  ordinances,  proclamations,  petitions, m  off  ages,  anfwers,  and  other  remarkable  pajfages  between the  king's  mojl  excellent  majefy  and  his  high  court  of  par¬ liament,  from  December  1641.  to  March  1643. (r)  11  Rich.  11.  1  Hen.  IV. (1)  Thefe  votes  and  fome  old  atts  of  parliament  taken out  of  the  records  of  the  tower  were  ordered  to  be  print¬ ed.  Jo.  Brown  cleric,  parliamentorum.  Collett  ion,  &c. “  raifed. 1 5  2,  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. A.  1642.  “  railed,  by  pretence  of  the  fame  authority,  (for  they  fay  hedayly  raifeth  fome,  and  we  know “  itnoe  new  thing  in  him  to  pretend  orders  he  cannot  Ihew)  continue  the  war  that  he  hath “  levied  againft  us,  and  as  well  imprifon  our  perfon  as  detain  our  goods,  and  as  well  fhut “  US  up  in  York)  as  fhut  us  out  of  Hull,  is  laid  to  be  efteemed  a  caul'e  of  great  jealoufy  to “  the  parliament,  a  railing  war  againft  them,  and  of  danger  to  the  whole  kingdom.  While “  theie  injuries  and  indignities  offered  to  us  are  countenanced  by  them  who  ought  to  be  molt “  forward  in  our  vindication  and  their  punifhment,  in  obfervation  of  their  oaths  and  of  the “  truft  repofed  in  them  by  the  people,  and  to  avoid  the  diffolution  of  the  prefent  govern- “  ment.  Upon  which  cafe  the  whole  world  is  to  judge-,  whether  we  had  not  realon  not “  wholy  to  rely  upon  the  care  and  fidelity  of  our  parliament  (being  foe  ftrangely  blinded  by “  malignant  fpirits  as  not  to  perceive  our  injurys)  but  to  take  fome  care  of  our  own  perfon, <c  and  in  order  to  that  to  make  ufe  of  that  authority,  which  the  laws  declare  to  be  in  us-, “  and  whether  this  parliament,  with  fuch  a  threatning  conclufion,  accompanied  with  more “  threatning  votes,  gives  us  not  caufe  rather  to  increafe  than  diminilh  our  guard;  efpecially “  fmee  we  law  before  the  petition  a  printed  paper  dated  May  17,  underwritten  Hen.  Elfing “  Cler.  D.  Com.  commanding,  in  the  name  of  both  lords  and  commons,  the  Iheriffs  of  all “  our  countys,  to  raife  the  power  of  all  thofe  countys,  to  fupprefs  fuch  of  our  fubjefts, “  as  by  any  of  our  commands  lhall  be  drawn  together,  and  put,  as  that  paper  calls “  it,  in  a  pofture  of  war  ;  charging  our  officers  and  fubjefts  to  alfift  them  in  the  per- “  formance  thereof  at  their  perills.  For  though  we  cannot  fufpeft  that  this  paper “  (or  any  bare  votes  not  grounded  upon  law  or  reafon,  or  quotations  of  repealed  fta- i;  tutes)  Ihould  have  any  ill  influence  upon  our  good  people,  who  know  their  dutys  too “  well,  not  to  know  that  to  take  up  arms  againft  thofe  who  upon  a  legal  command  (that  is “  ours)  come  together  to  a  1110ft  legal  end  (that  is  our  fecurity  and  prefervation)  were  to “  levy  war  againft  us,  and  who  appear  in  this  county  (and  we  are  confident  they  are  foe “  throughout  the  kingdom)  noe  Jefs  fatisfied  with  the  legality,  conveniency,  and  neceffity “  of  thefe  our  guards,  and  noe  lefs  fenfible  of  the  indignitys  and  dangers  (which  makes  it “  neceffary)  then  we  ourfelf :  Yet  if  that  paper  be  really  the  aft  of  both  houfes,  we  can- “  not  but  look  upon  it  as  the  higheft  of  fcorns  and  indignitys  -,  firft  to  iffue  commands  of “  force  againft  us,  and  after  thofe  have  appeared  ulelefs,  to  offer,  by  petition,  to  perfwade “  us  to  that  which  that  force  fhould  have  effefted. “  We  conclude  this  anfwer  to  your  petition  with  our  counfel  to  you,  that  you  join  with tc  us  in  exafting  fatisfaftion  for  that  unparallelled,  and  yet  unpuniffied,  aftion  of  fir  John  Ho- “  t  ham's  -,  and  that  you  command  our  fort  and  goods  to  be  returned  to  our  own  hands; “  that  you  lay  down  all  pretences  (under  pretence  of  neceffity  or  declaring  what  is  law)  to “  make  laws  without  us,  and,  by  confequence,  put  a  cypher  upon  us;  that  you  declare  ef- “  feftually  againft  tumults,  and  call  in  fuch  pamphlets,  (punilhing  the  authors  and  pub- “  liffiers  of  them)  as  feditioufly  endeavour  to  difable  us  from  protefting  our  people  by “  weakning  (by  falfe  afperfions  and  new  falfe  doftrines)  our  authority  with  them,  and  their lc  confidence  in  us.  The  particulars  of  which  tumults  and  pamphlets,  we  would  long  fince “  have  taken  care  that  our  learned  council  Ihould  have  been  enabled  to  give  in  evidence “  if,  upon  our  former  offer,  we  had  received  any  return  of  encouragement  from  you  in  it. “  And  if  you  doe  this,  you  then  (and  hardly  tiil  then)  will  perfwade  the  world  that  you “  have  difeharged  your  duty  to  God,  the  truft  repofed  in  you  by  the  people,  and  the  fun- “  damental  laws  and  conftitutions  of  the  kingdom,  and  imployed  your  care  and  utmoft “  power  to  fecure  the  parliament  (for  we  are  ftill  a  part  of  the  parliament,  and  lhall  be  till “  this  well-founded  monarchy  be  turned  to  a  democracy)  and  to  preferve  the  peace  and  quiet “  of  the  kingdom.  Which  together  with  the  defence  of  the  proteftant  profeffion,  the  laws “  of  the  land,  and  our  own  juft  prerogative  (as  a  part  of,  and  a  defence  to  thofe  laws) “  have  been  the  main  end  which  in  our  confutations  and  aftions  we  propofed  to  ourfelf. This  meflage  of  the  king’s  to  the  parliament,  was  followed  by  a  proclamation,  forbid¬ ding  all  his  majefty’s  fubjefts  belonging  to  the  trained  bands  or  militia  of  this  kingdom,  to rife,  march,  muller  or  exercife  by  virtue  of  any  order  or  ordinance  of  one  or  both  houfes of  parliament,  without  content  or  warrant  from  his  majefty  upon  pain  of  punifhment  accor¬ ding  to  the  law. Haled  at  the  court  at  York  the  27th  day  of  May  1642. In  anfwer  to  this  came  out  two  orders  from  the  parliament,  the  one  direfted  to  all  high Iheriffs,  jufticesof  the  peace,  and  other  officers  within  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles. of  the  city of  1  ork,  to  take  ipecial  care  to  flop  all  arms  and  ammunition  carrying  towards  York,  and  the apprehending  of  all  perfons  going  with  the  fame.  The  other  in  particular  to  the  high- Jhcrift,  juftices  of  the  peace  ftfe.  ot  the  county  of  Lane  after,  requiring  them  upon  the  penal¬ ty  of  being  declared  difturbers-of  the  peace  of  the  kingdom  to  fupprefs  the  railing  and  com¬ ing  together  of  any  loldiers  horfe  or  foot  by  warrant,  commiifion,  or  order  from  his  maie- fty,  &c.  J f  he  county  of  Lancafcr  ffiewed  their  attachment  to  his  majefty’s  intcreft  by  a  very  re¬ markable  petition;  for  that  time,  prel'cnted  to  the  king  on  the  (aft  of  May  by  the  high- Jherift  ot  that  county  and  divers  other  gentlemen  of  quality.  Subfcribcd  by  fixty  four knights. Chap.  V. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. der ° anc/others  above f 'even*  thoufincT ’  This  Detv'^h  ^  r ' "y  gCmle,r,en’  and  of  freehoj- majefty’s  fubjefts  were  W/hef S'  petition  bcCaufe  ,C  manife%  ^ws  flat  all  his i  <Vbeg  iive\~  in  diufch  jnd  ^ “  Tothefac red  majeftyof  our  moft  gratious  fivereign  lord  CHARLES-  U  the  „  ry  . »/ England,  Scotland,  France  W  Ireland, “  nehumUet“i‘^  and  gratulatiou  of  divers  of  his  majejh’s  faithful  fleets  oft! protefiant  religion,  within  the  county  palatine  of  Lancafterl  "  '  ' “  Moft  gratious  fivereign , “  T  f°r  fife  advancement “  your  fubjefts,  could  doe  noe  lefs  than  Hri  f  1  aad  Cle  common  g00ci  of  all “  ^  ^  humble  ftirnn§ “  jeft/s  moft  righteouTintention^f  ^ovpr  U‘ghtS  T  ib“ls’  d,°C  cft“,n.  and  Pr™  your  nu- “  laws  of  this  kingdom  a  thins  wichfiirh”™8  3J?urrlese  Pe°Ple  according  to  die  wholfome “  we  yield  that  heartjfcredena? which^is  dtte  To  foe  Web  bS  majefty-  hereunto “  doe  alfo  with  all  humility  and  thankful,,  r  [  re  igious  and  righteous  a  prince.  We “  nifeftations  to  the  wor Id^hat  you  Iffedl  ^t  ackn°wledSe  Xour  manifold  and  evident  ma- “  profperity  and  happinefs  of  all  "  ur tvl? V  "  %  TY  g0VC“’  but  the  common “  parliament  in  a  fp/edy  raifins  of  forces7  for  S’l  bp  your  readlnefs  t0  join  with  your “  in  Ireland;  by  your  Le  Zdamat  on  1 1 h *■  luPErefTion  of  that  odious  rebellion "papifts-,  by  you/ moft  gratious  condefcendh^to^h/d^1"  du,e execut,on  the  Ews  againft “  mg  the  bills  for  triennu]  parliaments  for  ISif  m  d  "  of  your  great  council,  in  fign- “  chandize,  and  power  of  preffins  frldier  f  ncju,dlln§  y°ur  ritle  of  impofing  upon  mer- “  High  commiffion  courts  /for  If  e/ulat  L  of  th  °f  the  «ar  Camber  and “  forefts  and  ftannery  courts “  wither table  >  as  allbe  the  bills  for  the “  and  well  affured  F?™™  WC  are  “"*<>«* “  and  with  inexpreffible  iov  doe  nnd/  n  n  adva"cement  °f  the  true  proteftant  religion, “  the  prefervation  of  thofe moft  ch"ft.,“  “d  P—  refolutionf  ft/ “  the  means  and  honour  of  the  miniftrv  for  rf  ““U-S  of  lnduftr/’  Earning  and  piety, “  our  church-government  and  Ur  *  tbc  maintenance  and  encouragement  of  our “  approbation  of  the  moft  pious  and "  leirnert^  f  if*  chlirch’  0pi°ng  continued  and  general “  pofed  according  to  thf  primiti/f ^  parte  "  p  nm0,"’  ^  °f  °ther  “““7^  com- “  Earned  men.  As  alfoc  your  gratious  pleafuLT-/ Sh  IJlartyrs  an<d  °ther  religious  and “  reformed  according  to  the  model]  of  quren  ”  ap,ules  of  church  and  ftate,  fhajl  be “  memory  ;  by  the  one  you  have weakn/d thftlf  V S’e  °f,cvcr  tleiM  a»d  famous “  churche’s  patrimony,  (if  there  be  anv  forM  In  if  c°f  tle  Ecrdegious  devourers  of  the “  P^  -’Pietys  and  Idolatrys,  and'  do  “in/  at  on“  pr0vidcd  ^  aP “  browmfts,  and  other  novellifts  ■  all  which  I  g  ,  danger  of  anabaptifts, “  turn  into  your  royal  bofom  But  ve7  /’  aad  Ju«‘“  ™  befeech  God  to  ra- “  our  hearts,  and  hinders  the  nprfeVK  ’  "s  eiyc,  there  is  one  thing  that  fads “  derftanding  between  your  maiefty'and0  vra'f  lapI^!ne,"s,  w,1,cb  ls  'he  diftance  and  mifun- “  fubjefts  arf  filled  withers find ial^Z^TSf  *,  WchcrC'by  thc  h“rts  of  y°“r “  and  f fading  Impaired,  to  the  impcveriftiin/  of  m  neg  cfed>  i‘*crcd  ordinancys  profaned, “.moval  whereof/ we  cannot  find  oTanv  awfuft  m  7  YT  hege  pe°P'e  :  For  the  re- “  and  direffion.  y  la"luH  means  without  your  majefty’s  affiftance ftitn anrf.pio,'s etuS,  I'iii  iiifi'ii'i'iiiii i'i T“™ eoft  11 ; “learning,  piety  and  relicnnn  •  I^ert.ln,^m  aPd  profanenefs  j  an  advancer  of “  foever  your  parliament  ftnll  olTer  ncourJ§er  °f  painfull  orthodox  preachers  ;  and  what- ;;  common  SoL,  and  ‘°  *hi5  Cnd’ gratioufly  confirm.  And  withal  n/ declare  unto  m  ft  pleafed  ,f°  c™defcend  unto  and !na  :e  a  dutifull  adrefs  unto  your  parlian  fm  for  the  efT6  ,way’  hoW  we  m  iX impediments,  which  ftay  the  happy  Dtoreedi/f/  the  taking  away  of  thofe  diflerences  and “of  yourmajeftyis  the  head,  (which  once  renfn  °/ ' ’at honourable  efiembly,  wlicre- “  be  as  near  your  parliament  in  perfon  as  if  d’  T  d?Uht  n0t  but  you  wil1  Speedily “  between  your  hiehnefs  and  rh  ir  ‘  ^/lion  that  there  may  be  a  blefied  harmony “  fame>  humbly  t?nderin<r  our  lives  and  fOTtunes  f^  ^  ^c'1  W‘th  aI1  alacrity  obferve  the “  erown  and  dignity,  accSrdL  t/ “r  bof nd"  /  prefervation  of  your  royal  perfon, “  your  iong  rnd^o^us^gn  ove7uS:n  1  ^  prayiag (')  Krt,  printed  by  the  king’s  printer,,  ,643. A.  16  fz. R  r At fv'fnr  t J54 A.  1642. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I, At  the  court  at  York,  June  6,  1642. HI  S  maiefty  has  commanded  me  to  give  you  this  anfwer  to  your  petition  : “  That  he  is  very  -dad  to  find  fuch  real  acknowledgments  of  thofe  great  graces “  which  he  hath  bountifully  bellowed  upon  this  his  kingdom  of  England  m  the  time  of  this “  parliament ;  and  likewife  it  is  a  great  contentment  to  him  to  find  foe  many  true  fons  of “  the  church  of  England,  as  by  your  expreffions  m  the  faid  petition  doth  plainly  appeal  to -  him  affuring  you  that  he  (hall  not  yield  in  his  zeal  and  conftancy,  neither  to  queen  Ehza- .« S  nor  to  his  father  of  ever  bleffed  memory,  both  againft  pop,  h  fuperftltion  °"  *e .c  one  fide  and  fchifmatical  innovation  and  confufion  on  the  other  In  the  laft  place,  ashe .<  doth  take  it  in  very  good  part,  your  defire  of  a  good  undemanding  between  his  majefty and  his  two  houfi of  parliament,  foe  likewife  he  cannot  but  much  commend  the  way  that .«  you  take  therein.  And  as  for  your  direftions,  if  you  will  but  fenoufiy  confider  his  ma¬ ce  jefl:v-5  juft  and  neceffary  defires,  expreiTed  in  his  anfwers  and  declarations  fince  his  coming cc  Jto  York  your  zeal  and  knowledge  will  not  need  more  particular  mftruftions  to  make .c  fuch  addreffes  to  both  houfes  of  parliament  as  the  times  require,  and  befitting  fuch  loyal cc  and  true  affefted  fubjefls  to  your  king  and  country,  as  this  petition  expreffeth  you  to “be-  O.  NICHOLAS. This  and  feveral  other  fuch  addreffes  from  other  parts  of  the  kingdom,  mull  cheat  the kind's  heart  in  the  midft  of  his  affliftions  by  the  ill  treatment  he  had  from  the  parliament, indDlet  him  fee  that  his  fubjefts  were  not  yet  foe  blinded  but  they  could  perceive  their  lnte- refl  in  keeping  and  fuflaining  a  king  of  his  excellent  principles  and  qualifications  on  the thOnethea7“ofM5kft  the  king  had  iffued  out  a  proclamation  requiring  all  minifters, freeholders  farmers  and  fubftantial  copy-holders,  to  affemble  and  meet  together  on  He- ZrUeMoor  near  the  city  of  York,  on  Friday  the  third  of  June  following  Accordingly  at the  day  appointed  avail  multitude  of  them  appeared,  to  the  number  of  feyenty  thousand, fome  fly  one  hundred  thoufand,  and  waited  his  majefty’s  aPPea™ce-  o/lwdfand  knight" o’  clock  the  king  came  to  the  moor  accompany  d  with  a  great  number  of  lords  and  Knights o  clocK  the  Kin  „  ,  d  appointed  eight  hundred  foot  compleatly  armed  to  guard hislerfon  The  prince  alfoe  led  a  troop  of  horfe  confining  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  knights, with  efoui'ers  and  Gentlemen,  which  with  fervants,  all  armed,  made  another  troop.  > As  foon  as  his  majefty  came  near  the  moore,  the  people  faluted  him  with  three  loud  huzza  s  S and  beina  come  to  them,  and  as  much  filence  made  as  poflible,  his  majefty  made  a  fpeech, which  becaufc  it  is  printed  at  large  in  my  lord  Clarendon  I  frail  omit.  The  fpeech  ended, which,  became  it  is  p  o  dj(7;  croud  following  him,  with  loud  acclama- the  king  rode  round  ^  T°.°r  A„d  Kgforveyed  all  the  fierd  he  returned  to  his  palace mtendfd  Gb;  grfrn  parfo[  the  W  company  -,  feeing  him  fafe  within  his  court  gates, anfb™tTh1shtimTcamehdown  to  York  to  the  king,  the  humble  petition  and  advice  of  the parliament  wlh  nineteen  propofitions  annexed  -,  all  which,  with  their  anfwer  by  h,s  ma- attending  himat  and to  others  of  his  majefty’s  privy  council  there  in  thefe  words  (y) . CHARLES ,  R.  ,  „  -  „ TE  doe  declare  that  we  will  not  require  norexaft  any  obedience  from  you,  but  dial T  /  <■  be  warranted  by  the  known  law  of  the  land ;  as  we  doe  expeft  that  you  (hall  not “  yield  to  any  commands  not  legally  grounded  or  impofed  by  any  other cc  And  we  doe  further  declare  that  we  will  defend  every  one  of  you,  and  all  fuch  as  I hall “  refufe  any  fuch  commands,  whether  they  proceed  from  votes  and  orders  of  both  houfes,  or “  aitv  other  way  from  all  dangers  and  hazards  whatfoever.  „  ,  ....  . ,[°And  we  doe  further  declare,  that  we  will  defend  the  true  proteftant  religion,  eftablifiied ..  by  the  law  of  the  land,  the  lawfull  liberties  of  the  fubjefts  of  England,  and  juft  P"v^ges cc  of  all  the  three  eftates  of  parliament;  and  lhall  require  noe  further  obedience  from  you, 41  rhpn  as  accordingly  we  fliall  perform  the  Tame.  _ J  And  we  doe  declare,  that  we  will  not,  as  is  falfiy  pretended,  engage  you  or  any  of  you cc  in  anywTr  againft  the  parliament,  except  it  bt 1  for  our neceffary ^^defenceand  fafety  againft “  fuch  as  doe  infolently  invade  or  attempt  againft  us  or  fuch  as  fhall  adhere  to  us. (u )  Out  of  a  pamphlet  printed  at  London  1 642,  by  au¬ thority  of  parliament. tx)  Ex  MS. (y )  From  the  colle&ion  of  publick  afls. I *jy A.  1642- By  this  it  appears  that  the  Court  at  York  was  exceeding  fplendidat  this  time,  nor  were  the king’s  affairs  fo  defperate  though  the  parliament  had  feized  upon  his  revenues  and  magazine, but  that  by  the  help  of  thefe  loyal  noblemen  he  might  raife  head  againft  them.  Many  of thefe  noble  lords  loft  their  lives  in  his  fervice,  and  more  their  eftates  •,  which  the  pen  of  their fellow  fufferer,  in  thefe  troubles,  has  recorded  i  and  painted  their  characters  in  fuch  lively colours,  that  lateft  pofterity  may  have  a  ftrong  idea  of  their  unfbaken  loyalty  and  unble- tniftied  worth. Two  days  after  the  date  of  the  former  aft  his  majefty  thought  proper  to  publifh  a  folemn proteftation,  wherein  he  takes  God  to  witnefs  that  he  always  did  abhor  the  thoughts  of  making  war upon  his  parliament ,  and  requires  the  nobility  and  council  upon  the  place  to  declare  whether  they have  not  been  witneffes  of  his  frequent  and  earnefl  declarations  and  profeffions  for  peace.  Whe¬ ther  they  fee  any  colour  of  preparations  or  councils  that  might  reafonahly  beget  a  belief  of  any  fuch defign.  And  whether  they  be  not  fully  perfwaded  that  he  hath  no  fuch  intention  ;  but  that  all  his endeavours  tend  to  the  firm  and  conftant  fettlement  of  the  true  proteftant  religion ,  the  juft  privileges of  parliament ,  the  liberty  of  the  fubjeft,  the  law,  peace ,  and  prosperity  of  this  kingdom. To  which  declarations  the  noble  lords,  &c.  fubjoined  the  following  : “  T  E  whofe  names  are  underwritten  in  obedience  to  his  majefty’s  defire,  and  out  of W  <c  the  duty  which  we  owe  to  his  majefty’s  honour,  and  to  truth,  being  here  upon “  the  place  and  witneffes  of  his  majefty’s  frequent  and  earned  declarations  and  profeffions  of “  his  abhorring  all  defigns  of  making  war  upon  his  parliament,  and  not  feeing  any  colour  of “  preparations  or  councils  that  might  reafonably  create  the  belief  of  any  fuch  defign  v  do “  profefs  before  God,  and  teftify  to  all  the  world,  that  we  are  fully  perfwaded  that  his  ma- “  jefty  hath  noe  fuch  intention,  but  that  all  his  endeavours  tend  to  the  firm  and  conftant  fet- “  tlement  of  the  true  proteftant  religion,  the  juft  privileges  of  parliament,  the  liberty  of  the “  fubjeft,  the  law,  peace,  and  profperity  of  this  kingdom.” York ,  June  15,  1642.  Subfcribed  as  before. Can  any  man  venture  to  fay,  after  reading  thefe  declarations,  that  the  king  was  not forced  into  a  war  with  his.  parliament  ?  Or  that  he  begun  the  fray?  If  the  folemn  affevera- tion  of  a  prince  is  difputed,  who  I  may  fafely  affert  had  more  true  religion  in  him  than moft,  or  all  of  his  fucceffors  put  together  i  yet,  the  teftimonies  of  fo  many  noble  patriots who  flood  up  in  his  juftification,  at  a  time  when  ’twas  not  poffible  that  either  intereft  or awe  fhould  fway  them  to  it,  will  be  a  lading  monument  of  his  majefty’s  peaceable  inten¬ tions. The  queftion  was  then,  and  has  been  fince,  who  {truck  the  firft  blow  ?  Or  begun  the firft  aftsof  hoftility?  The  anfwer  is  at  hand,  and  a  very  peremptory  one,  the  parliament. For  an  undeniable  proof  of  this  affertion  befides  the  unfufferable  affront  of  fir  John  Hoiham’s fhutting  the  king  out  of  his  own  town,  and  the  parliaments  vindication  of  the  aftion,  the following  petition,  that  I  have  now  before  me,  fubferibed  and  confented  to,  as  the  paper witneffes,  by  all  the  nobility  of  Yorkjhire ,  forty  baronets  and  knights,  many  efquires,  and  o- Chap. V.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. Upon  which  the  iords  entered  into  the  following  engagement: .t  t t  7  E  doe  engage  our  felves  not  to  obey  any  orders  or  commands  whatfoever,  not YV  “  warranted  by  the  known  laws  of  the  land. “  We  doe  engage  our  felves  to  defend  your  majefty’s  perfon,  crown  and  dignity,  toge- “  ther  with  your  majefty’s  juft  and  legal  prerogative  againft  all  perfons  and  power  whatfo- “  ever. <c  We  will  defend  the  true  proteftant  religion  eftablilhed  by  the  law  of  the  Jand  •,  the  law- “  full  libertys  of  the  fubjefts  of  England,  and  juft  privileges  of  your  majefty  and  both  your “  houfes  of  parliament. “  And  laftly,  we  engage  our  felves  not  to  obey  any  rule,  order,  or  ordinance  whatfoever “  concerning  the  militia,  that  hath  not  the  royal  affent. York,  June  13,  1642.  Subfcribed  by Lord  Keeper,  lord  duke  of  Richmond,  lord  marquis  of  Hereford,  earl  of  Lindfey,  earl  of Cumberland,  earl  of  Huntingdon,  earl  of  Bath,  earl  of  Southampton,  earl  of  Dorfct, earl  of  Salijbury,  earl  of  Northampton,  earl  of  Devonjhire,  earl  of  Cambridge,  earl  of Brijlol,  earl  of  IVefimorland,  earl  of  Barkejhire,  earl  of  Monmouth,  earl  of  Rivers, earl  of  Newcaftle,  earl  of  Dover,  earl  of  Carnarvon,  earl  of  Newport,  lord  Mowbray and  Matravers,  lord  Willoughby  of  Erejby,  lord  Rich,  lord  Charles  Howard  of Charlton,  lord  Newark ,  lord  Paget,  lord  Char.dos,  lord  Faulconbridge,  lord  Paulet, lord  Lovelace,  lord  Savile,  lord  Coventry,  lord  Mohivi,  lord  Dunfmore,  lord  Sey¬ mour,  lord  Gray  of  Ruthin,  lord  Capell,  lord  Falkland,  Mr;  Comptroller,  Mr.  Secre¬ tary  Nicholas,  Mr.  Chancellour  of  the  Exchequer,  lord  chief  juftice  Banks. In  all  forty  lords,  befides  the  great  officers. *56 A  1642 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. ther  perfons  of  diftin&ion,  will  put  the  matter  out  of  difpute  to  any  but  a  fujbfcriber  to that  heap  of  infamous  fcandal  publifhed  by  Mr.  OJdmixon. (z)  To  the  right  honourable  the  lords  and  commons  ajjembled  in  parliament . The  humble  petition  and  remonjl ranee  of  the  nobility  and  gentry  of  the  county  of  York. Sheweth, tc  HP  H  AT  this  county  is  extreamly  perplexed,  by  reafon  of  the  publick  ads  of  hoftiliry 1  “  committed  by  fir  John  Hotham ,  and  the  garrifon  at  Hull,  to  the  great  difturbane’e “  of  the  peace  of  this  county,  threading  no  Ids  then  the  ruin  and  deftrudtion  of  it.  That “  the  firft  putting  a  garrifon  into  that  town,  was  pretended  to  be  to  defend  it  againft  the “papijls  at  home,  and  the  invafion  of  foreign  enemy  s.  Since  that  time  the  gates  have  been “  Ihut  againft  our  gratious  fovereign,  and  entrance  denied  to  his  own  royal  perfon,  feveral ‘c  perfons  have  been  thrown  out  of  the  town,  and  expelled  from  their  own  freeholds,  and “  perfonal  eftates,  and  fome  part  of  the  country  is  drowned  by  fir  John  Hotham  to  the  utter <c  ruin  of  many  familys.  Sallies  have  been  made  with  armed  men ,  who  have  burned  and “  plundered  houfes,  and  murthered  their  fellow  fubjeds,  (when  we  Were  confident  of  a  cefia- tc  tion)  with  all  the  circumftances  of  rage  and  cruelty ,  which  ufes  to  be  contraded  by  a  Ion * “  and  bloody  war.  After  all  this,  his  majefty  (who  keeps  his  refidence  here  with  all  the “  demonftrations  of  care  and  affedion  towards  us)  gratioufiy  forbears  to  lay  any  fiege  to  that “  place,  and  hath  declared  to  us,  that,  by  noead  of  his,  this  county  ftiall  be  made  a  feat “  of  war;  and  yet  by  the  new  fupply  of  foldiers  taken  into  Hull,  and  the  late  adions  there “  (which  we  conceive  to  be  manifeftly  againft  the  oaths  of  fuprerrtacy  and  allegiance,  the “  petition  ol  right,  and  the  late  proteftation)  we  have  caufe  to  fear  that  fome  violence  is  in- “  tended  both  againft  our  perfons  and  our  fortunes. “  The  premiffes  confidered,  we  cannot  but  be  infinitely  jealous,  that  fir  John  Hotham “  cannot  derive  his  authority  to  commit  fuch  barbarous  aids  of  hojlility  from  the  two  houfes  of “  parliament,  from  whom  we  exped  all  the  effeds  of  happy  peace  and  prefervation  of  our “  Jaws  and  libertys. “We  humbly  defire  therefore  to  know,  whether  thefe  outrages  are  done  by  your  autho- “  rity,  and  whether  this  country  muft  be  fubjeft  to  that  garrifon^'  that  we  may  thereupon  pro- “  vide  in  fuch  a  manner  for  our  fafetys,  that  thefe  injury s,  violences,  and  oppreffions,  be  noe “  longer  impofed  upon  us  by  our  fellow  fubjetts  ;  that  we  may  be  all  lyable  to  the  known “  laws  of  the  land,  to  which  we  are  born,  and  which  is  the  only  fecurity  and  evidence  we “  have  for  our  lives  and  fortunes. This  petition  hath  feveral  particular  inftances  of  fir  John  Hotham1 s  depredations  annexed to  it,  which  for  brevity  fake  I  omit.  It  was  not  long  after  that  this  unhappy  gentleman  ei¬ ther  touched  in  confcience  for  the  unlawfulnefs  and  undutifulnefs  of  his  adion  to  the  king, or  not  fo  highly  regarded  and  rewarded  as  the  important  and  leading  piece  of  fervice  mHit juftly  challenge  from  the  parliament;  the  queen  being alfo  newly  arrived  in  thefe  parts,  who by  a  ftratagem  of  lord  Digby* s  had  dealt  with  fir  John  about  the  matter,  he  began  to  filter in  the  firmnefs  he  had  profefied  for  the  parliament.  This  being  guefs’d  at  by  fome  ftrid  ob- fervers  of  him,  as  he  was  not  referved  enough  in  a  thing  of  that  confequence,  a  party  was made  againft  him  in  his  own  garifon,  and  he  too  late  endeavouring  to  have  fecured  Hull  for the  king,  was  in  the  buftle  knocked  down  in  the  ftreets,  fecured  with  his  fon  and  both  lent up  prifoners  to  the  tower ;  where  not  long  after  they  were  brought  to  tryal  and  execute;!. The  eye  of  providence  here  is  very  vifible,  and  the  fulfilling  of  a  dreadful  imprecation  which fir  John  wifhed  might  fall  on  him  and  his,  if  he  was  not  a  loyal  fubjeft  to  his  majefty,  when the  king  flood  at  the  gates  of  Hull,  is  very  obvious  ;  for  now  fee  both  father  and  fon  ad¬ judged  by  their  fellow-members,  and  condemn’d  by  their  own  beloved  martial  law,  for  intend¬ ing  to  deliver  up  Hidl  to  his  majefty  ;  which,  if  it  had  been  done  at  firft,  would  not  only have  faved  their  own  lives,  but,  probably,  many  thoufands  of  their  fellow  fubjedts. But  to  proceed  to  the  reft  of  king  Charles1  s  publick  adts  whilft  he  kept  his  court  at  York, I  fhall  beg  leave  only  to  tranferibe  the  titles  and  dates  of  them  as  they  occurred ;  for  though they  delerve  a  more  particular  mention,  yet  the  nature'  of  my  fubject  will  not  admit  of  7r And  firft, (a)  “  His  majefty’s  anfwer  to  the  petition  of  the  lords  and  commons  in  parliament,  pre- “  lented  to  his  majefty  at  York,  June  17,  1642. “  By  the  king.  A  proclamation  forbidding  all  levys  of  forces  without  his  majefty’s  ex- “  prefs  pleafure,  fignified  under  his  great  feal,  and  all  contributions  or  affiftance  to  any “  fuch  levy.  Given  at  the  court  at  York,  June  18,  in  the  eighteenth  year  of  our “reign.  1642. “  By  the  king.  A  proclamation  to  inform  all  our  loving  fubjedts  of  the  lawfulnefs  of “  our  commiftions  of  array  ilfued  into  the  feveral  countys  of  the  realm  of  England  unddomi- (z)  Imprinted  at  Turk  by  the  king’s  printers,  1642-  (a)  From  the  colleftion  of  publick  afls,  isfc From  the  printed  copy .  pcr.es  me. “  nion of  the  CITY  of  Y O R K. June  30. Chap.  V. “  mon  of  Wales-,  and  of  the  ufe  of  them  :  and  commanding  them  to  obey  our  commif ::  “:rerrt;n  it  rc ion  of  thcir  faid  commiffions-  «-«  -  sst tI  “  A  “PX  ,of  a  warrant  from  the  king’s  moft  excellent  majefty,  direfted  unto  the  hieh «  0t  tlf  counl  of for\  £r  ‘‘'mmoning  of  all  gentlemen  and  others,  being  pro- <t  “f 1  who  are  charged  with  horfes  for  his  majefty’s  fervice,  or  have  lifted  themfefves «  day the :fty  S  fcCUrky  10  ‘™ke  thdr  aFP“a‘  rork  on  Thurf- “  ^ited  at  York ,  June  30,  1642. ac4TtS5S:““"  .-t?  **  °r  i"i“'  *• „  ‘‘ By  the  king'  •  A  Proclamation  againft  the  forcible  feizing  and  removing  any  the  mi -S»  “» — — "> ** “  enSngmajefty’S  meffa8e  *°  b°th  h°ufo  °f  Pal$ma“’  July  n,  with  the  proclamation „  Z7  the,k|ng-  A  Prof,a  “'on  delating  our  purpofe  to  go  in  our  royal  perfon  to Hull-,  and  the  true  occafion  and  end  thereof”  0  y  p  non  t0 t0AecordWheref  h« Accordingly  Augufi  4,  the  heads  of  the  county  attended  his  maieftv  nr  9C,,t  1,  .• unfortunate  prince  took  his  laft  leave  of  them  in  -1  .  r  -  1  r  '  where  this  jtugujl  4 cept  the  compilei  of  the  collections  before  quoted.  1  L  *  ex~ :  Gentlemen , Wf JHE  N  I  directed  that  fummons  fhould  be  fent  out  for  your  meeting  here  this  A “  my  principal  end  was  that  I  mmht  give  vou  thanks  for  d  S  hef  th,s  day, “  and  expreffions  you  have  made  of  your  aBeffiom  to  ™  r  r  the.great  ^wardnefs “  “d  to  affine  you  that  as  the  whole7 kingdom  hath  ere”  Won  toZ  ””  **  “T7  ; ;;  or  ,t  fo  I  /hall  be  very  unfatisfied,  tifl  I “  -td'i  rcolpoftty  h°:  ^ ;;  safe  -£H*£  Z7  - “  1  came  hither,  needs  no  other  evidence  thin  fir  Join  iFth™1  hh*  ^  purfued  f]nce “  is  now  arrived  to  that  infolence  X  ztHuU'>  who “within  the  walls,  but  makes  rallies  out  of  the  rn^  his  tre?fon  t0  be  confined  longer “their  lands,  burns  and  plunders  their  houles  murZ  °™’lub,efl:S’  drowns “  rotments  their  perfons  f  and  this  with  fo  much  SdllT’  that le  won, ,°f ‘  tlcnce  to  watt  what  anfwer  fhould  be  fent  to  my  juft  demands^  rhT V  not  have  the  Pa- “  engaged  myfclf  to  forbear  to  ufe  any  violence and  [Tor ’ Ehough.  m.that  **$*»  1 £  o^4esef°re  thit  ““  <“  ^  he  WdI  W  What’  I  was'toTceiVe)  m  falktt “  roanZn  lefyoZhf kaftgZZy' 'haifbmughttrth  ^"h  Pr°du«d »  no “  vented.  What  inconvenience  my  Lftnce  hafh  beTn  h  n fhey  haTCPre- “  brought  upon  the  publick,  or  grievance  .mon  „„  •  h  ’  w^al:  difturbance  it  hath “fdgef-  ,  And  whatever  ™ tve^ are  bell “  ( which  they  intend  fhall  reach  all  my  retinue  trkC^-UP°.n  the  cavaliers “  1  a"i  confident  there  hath  not  been  any  emlLfdll-der  o  d “  man,  by  any  perfon  of  my  train,  or  under  my  proteffion  ^  befa!le"  a"y “  obferved,  I  thinkTftouid^hTve  heard ^ m  that  Polnt’  and  if  they  had  not  been “  Pny  G°d  the  &me  Care  may  “k-  there :  / *S  S  <C  y0U ij8  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. A  16 1  _•  “  you  the  fulleft  teftimony  of  my  affeffion  to  you  and  the  peace  of  this  county,  and  to “  flww  you  that  no  provocation  /hall  provoke  me  to  make  this  place  to  be  a  feat  of  war, “  I  have  for  your  fakes,  pa  fled  over  the  confiderations  of  honour;  jyid  notwithftanding  the “  reproaches  every  day  laid  on  me,  laid  no  fiege  to  that  place,  that  they  may  not  have  the “  kuft  pretence  of  doing  you  mifehief,  but  refolve  by  God’s  help  to  recover  Hull  fomc “  other  way  ;  for  that  I  will  ever  fit  down  under  fo  bold  and  inexcul'able  a  treafon,  no  ho- “  neft  man  can  imagine.  But  it  feems  other  men  are  not  of  my  mind,  but  refolve  to  make “  a  war  at  your  own  doors,  whatfoever  you  do  or  I  fuffer.  To  what  purpofe  elfe  is  their “  new  general  armed  with  an  authority  to  kill  and  deftroy  all  my  good  fubjedts  their  le- “  vies  of  horfe  and  foot,  fome  whereof  are  on  their  march  towards  you  with  cannon mounted;  and  the  fending  fo  many  new  foldiers  into  Hull ,  when  there  is  no  approach “  made  towards  it,  but  to  Tally  out  and  commit  rapine,  and,  by  degrees,  to  pour  out  an “  army  upon  you.  In  this  I  rnu/t  a/k  your  advice  what  you  would  do  for  your  felves, “  and  what  you  would  have  me  do  for  you?  you  fee  how  I  am  ftript  of  my  navy  at  fea’ “  which  is  imployed  again/!:  me ;  of  my  forts  and  towns  at  land,  which  are  filled  with tc  armed  men  to  defltroy  me  ;  my  money  and  provifions  of  my  houfe  taken  from  me,  and “  •'lI1  my  good  fobjefts  forbid  and  'threatned  if  they  come  near  me,  that  I  may  by  famine <£  or  folitarinefs  be  compelled  to  yield  to  the  moll  dillionourable  propofitions,  and  to  put ‘ 1  myfelf  and  children  into  the  hands  of  a  few  malignant  perfons,  who  have  entered  into  a “  combination  to  deftroy  us ;  and  all  this  done  under  pretence  of  a  tru/l  repofed  by  the “  people.  How  far  you  are  from  committing'any  fuch  trull,  moll  of  the  perfons  trufted “  by  you,  and  your  own  expreflions  of  duty  to  me,  hath  manifeftid  to  all  the  world  ;  and “  how  far  the  whole  kingdom  is  from  avowing  fuch  a  trull,  hath  already  in  a  great  mea- “  fure,  and  I  doubt  not  will  more  every  day  appear,  by  the  profe/fions  of  every  county  ; tc  for  I  am  wholly  call  upon  the  a  f]  cel  ions  of  my  people,  and  have  no  hope  but  in  the “  blefiing  and  af/iftance  of  God,  the  juftnefs  of  my  caufe,  and  the  love  of  my  fubjefts “  1:0  recover  what  is  taken  from  me  and  them;  for  I  may  jii/lly  fay  they  are  equal  lofers “  with  me. “  Gentlemen,  I  defire  you  to  confider  what  courfe  is  to  be  taken  for  your  own  fecurity “  from  the  excurfions  from  //a//,  and  the  violence  which  threatens  you  from  thence ;  I “  will  affift  you  any  way  you  propofe.  Next  I  defire  you  out  of  the  publick  provifion,  or “  your  private /lore,  to  furni/h  me  with  fuch  a  number  of  arms,  mufquets  and  corllets,  as “  you  may  conveniently  fpare,  which  I  do  promife  to  fee  fully  repaid  to  you.  Thefe  arms “  I  defire  may  be  fpeedily  delivered  to  the  cuftody  of  my  lord-mayor  of  York  for  my  ufe, “  principally  from  thofe  parts,  which  by  reafon  of  their  dillance  from  Hull  are  leaft  fubjeft “  to  the  fear  of  violence  from  thence. “  And  whofoever  /hall  fo  furnilh  me  /hall  be  excufed  from  their  attendance  and  fervice “  at  mutters,  till  their  arms  /hall  be  reftored  ;  which  may  well  be  fooner  than  I  can  pro- “  mife  or  you  expect  I  defire  nothing  of  you  but  what  is  nece/Tary  to  be  done  for  the “  prefervation  of  God’s  true  religion,  the  laws  of  the  land,  the  liberty  of  the  fubjedt, “  and  the  very  being  of  this  kingdom  of  England-,  for  it  is  too  evident  all  thefe  are  at “  flake. “  For  the  compleating  my  fon’s  regiment  for  the  guard  of  my  perfon,  under  the  com- “  mand  of  my  lord  of  Cumberland,  I  refer  it  wholly  to  yourfelves  who  have  already  ex- “  prefled  fuch  forwardnefs  in  it.” A  few  more  adls  of  ftate  occurred,  e’re  his  majefty  left  York,  which  I  lhall  curforily mention,  in  order  as  they  happened,  till  I  come  to  the  laft  ;  which  being  a  very  memora¬ ble  proclamation,  and  the  firft  of  that  kind  wherein  his  majefty  fhewed  himfelf  refolved to  fight,  and  bearing  date  from  hence  mutt  find  a  place  in  our  annals. “  By  the  king.  A  proclamation  for  the  fupprdTmg  of  the  prefent  rebellion,  under  the “  command  of  Robert  earl  of  EJfex :  and  the  gracious  offer  of  his  majefty’s  free  pardon “  to  him,  and  all  fuch  of  his  adherents,  as  fliall  within  fix  days  after  the  date  hereof “lay  down  their  arms.  Given  at  our  court  at  York  the  ninth  day  of  Auguft,  1642, “  an.  reg.  18. “  By  the  king.  A  proclamation  declaring  his  majefty’s  exprefs  command,  that  no  po- “  pi/h  recufant,  nor  any  other,  who  fliall  refufe  to  take  the  oaths  of  allegiance  and  fu- “  premacy  /hall  ttrve  him  in  his  army,  and  that  the  foldiery  commit  no  rapines  upon  the “  people,  but  be  fitly  provided  of  neceflaries  for  their  money.  At  the  court  of  York, “  Augufi  10,  1642. “  His  majefty’s  declaration  to  all  his  loving  fubjefls  concerning  the  proceedings  of  this “  prefent  parliament.  York,  Augufi  12. “  Flis  majefty’s  mefliige  to  the  houfe  of  commons  from  the  court  at  York,  Augufi  12, “  1642. By Chap.  V.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. By  the  KING. 25P)crcas  ethers  perrons  bearing  an  intoato  fjatrea  anS  malice  agaitilf  cur  pcrftm,  ana gobernment,  mia  ambitious  cf  rule,  ano  places  cf  preferment  ano  commano,  bate raifeo  an  arms  ano  arc  note  frayterobfly  ano  rcbeUiouIIs,  (though  unocr  tfjc  fperious  pretence of  our  royal  name  aitD  authority,  ano  cf  tljc  Drfenre  of  our  perfon  ano  parliament:'  marching tn  battle  arrap,  againff  us  tljcic  Icigc  loro  anD  fotcreign,  contrars  to  tbeir  cuts  ano  allegT alter,  tobejeby  tbc  common  peace  is  Ithelp  to  be  Wholly  Dettropco,  anD  tljis  Gainifljmg  king- Oom  in  Danger  to  perifb  unocr  tljc  nufcrics  of  a  nbil  toar,  if  tfjc  malice  ano  rage  of  fftefe perfons  be  not  inttantly  rcfllfco.  3nD  as  toe  Do  ano  muff  relic  on  almigbtS  ©oD  ((be  pro* tciro’  ano  OefenOer  of  bis  anotntcO)  to  oefeno  us  ano  our  gooo  people  againff  tbc  malice  ano pernicious  Dcilgns  of  tljcfe  men  tenoing  to  tfjc  utter  ruin  of  our  perfon,  tbc  true  pjofettant religion,  tfjc  lams  cffablifljeo,  tbc  property  ano  liberty  of  tbe  fnbjeit,  anD  tfjc  terp  being  of parliaments  ;  fo  toe  ooubt  not  but  our  gooo  people  mill  in  this  nccelfitp  contribute  unto  us, toiilj  all  alacrity  ano  rbccrfulnefs,  tbeir  atliffancc  in  tbeir  perfons,  ferbants,  ano  money,  fop tbc  luppjeffing  of  tljc  fame  rebellion.  3nO  berein  toe  cannot  but  toiflj  mucb  contentment  of heart  acfmotolcogc  tjjc  lobe  anD  attrition  of  duo  fubjects  of  our  counts  of  York,  ano  oibers otljcr  counties,  in  tbeir  free  anD  rcaop  atnffance  of  us,  toljicb  toe  (bait  neber  fojget,  ano  out poiferity  toill,  ns  toe  hope,  eber  remember  fop  tbeir  grab. iprebertljelefs,  in  this  our  ertream  nccctTitp,  though  toe  babe  been  motf  untoilling,  trie  arc infotceo  foj  our  moll  juft  ano  nccctfarp  Defence,  again  to  call  ano  inbite  them  ano  all  other cf  cur  fubjects  of  tbc  true  ppotetfant  religion,  rccioiiig  on  tbc  nojtb  Roe  of  Trent,  oj  toitljin ttocuts  miles  foutbtoarO  thereof,  tobofc  hearts  ©oo  almighty  fljall  touch  Uittb  a  true  fence  ram apppcbciilton  of  our  fuflerings,  ano  tljc  ill  ufc  tofjicfj  the  contribcrs  ano  fdmenters  of  tljis  rc.- bellion,  babe  maoe  of  our  clemency  ano  Delete  of  peace,  that  accoioing  to  tfjcic  allegiance, ano  as  they  tenocr  the  fafetp  of  ouc  perfon,  the  property  of  tbeir  elf  ates.  tbeir  julf  liberty*, tljc  true  pjotettant  religion,  ano  pjibileges  of  parliament,  anD  inocco  the  bery  being  of  part liamcnts,  they  attenO  our  perfon  upon  Monday  tljc  ttoo  anD  twentieth  of  tljis  iulfant  Auguil at  our  totou  of  Nottingham,  where  ano  toben  toe  inteno  to  erect  one  ifandard-royal,  in  ouc jiiif  ano  neceffary  Defence ;  ano  toljcntc  toe  refolbe  to  aobauce  fojtoaro  fop  the  fupptcffion  of tljc  faio  rebellion,  ano  the  pjotcition  of  ouc  gooo  fubjrtts  amongil  them,  from  the  burthen  of the  ilabery  ano  infolencc  unDcc  tobicij  they  cannot  but  groan  till  they  be  rclicbco  by  us. ifno  toe  libctoifc  call  ano  iubite  all  ouc  fnbjccts  of  the  true  protectant  religion,  in  the  ret motor  parts  of  this  our  UingDom,  fo  toljom  notice  of  this  our  proclamation  cannot  fo  fcon aeiibe,  tljat  toitlj  all  fpeco  poffiblc,  as  they  fcnoct  the  fojuamcD  coniiocrations,  tljcy  attenO our  perfon  in  fucb  place  as  toe  fljall  then  happen  to  encamp.  ffnD  fucf)  of  our  faio  fubjects, as  fljall  come  unto  us  (either  to  our  faio  toten  of  Nottingham,  o;  to  any  other  place  inhere toe  (ball  encamp;  aeineo  ano  arrayeo  toitb  b0^"  pittols,  muskets,  pikes,  cojflcts.  boifcsfor oragmns,  o:  ctljer  fitting  arm3  ana  furniture  toe  (ball  take  them  into  one  pay;  fuclj  of  them errepfeo  toijo  (ball  be  bulling  as  boluntiers  to  ferbe  us  in  tljis  one  neccffity  toitljout  pay.; pfno  tobofocbcc  fljall  in  ttjrs  ouc  Danger  ano  ncccrtity,  fupply  us  either  by  gmft,  or  loan  of  mot ncy,  or  plate,  for  tljis  ouc  neceffary  Defence  (toljeccin  they  arc  alfoc  foe  nearly  conCcrneo) toe  fljall  as  foon  as  ©oo  fljall  enable  us,  repay  toljatfocbcr  is  lent,  ano  upon  all  occaflons remember,  ano  rctuaro  tfjofe  ouc  gooo  fubjects,  accojoing  to  the  mcafute  of  ttjcxc  lobe  ana affections  to  us  ano  tbeir  country. Given  at  our  court  at  York  the  twelfth  day  of  Attgufl  in  the  eighteenth  year  of  our reign,  1642. God  fave  the  KING. After  a  flay  of  five  months  king  Charles  left  the  city  of  York  in  order  to  eredl  the  ftan- dard  royal  at  Nottingham.  Mr.  Eacbard  fays,  it  would  have  been  much  more  for  the king’s  fervice,  if  the  ilandard  had  been  Hrft  trailed  at  York  ;  as  having  moil  of  the  northern counties  at  his  devotion.  And  it  had  been  fo,  but  that  the  northern  gentry  perfuaded  the king  that  the  people’s  fears  were  very  great,  that  their  country  fhould  be  made  a  feat  of war  ;  judging  wrongly  that  the  war  would  be  no  where  but  with  the  king’s  army.  Bur, after  feme  recolleftion,  when  the  time  of  the  king’s  departure  drew  near,  they  confidered that  the  garrifon  of  Hull  would  be  a  thorn  in  their  Tides ;  that  there  were  feveral  perfons of  quality  and  intereft,  in  the  country,  difaffefted  to  his  majefty’s  fervice;  that  a  mem¬ ber  (b)  of  the  houfe  of  commons  had  declared  in  a  fpeech  concerning  York,  that  there  was a  mark  fet  upon  that  -place  ;  therefore  they  defired  his  majefty  to  conilitute  the  earl  of  Cum¬ berland  fupream  commander  of  the  country  in  all  military  affairs ;  and  appoint  fir  Thomas Glemham  to  flay  with  them  and  command  thofe  forces  the  earl  fhould  chink  neceffary  to raife  for  their  defence.  In  both  which  his  majefty  readily  gratified  them. Two  of  the  principal  inftruments  the  parliament  made  ufe  of  to  carry  on  this  unnatural war  in  thefe  parts,  lived  in  this  county,  and  one  in  our  neighbourhood  ;  which  were  Fer- dinando  lord  Fairfax  ol  Denton,  and  his  fon  fir  Thomas  Fairfax  of  NunappUton.  The  father (b)  Mr.  Hollis, s has If? A.  1642. 1 60  Hoe  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. A.  1642.  has  already  been  mentioned  as  a  warm  man  againft  the  court  by  bringing  the  parliaments meflage  to  the  king  about  Hull-,  and  the  fon  very  early  began  to  fhew  his  hatred  to  the royal  caufe,  if  we  may  believe  his  own  words  in  the  Ihort  memorial  of  his  life. Thefe  two  gentlemen  were,  almoft,  the  only  perfons  of  any  confiderable  quality  in  the county,  who  were  not  well  diipofed  to  his  majefty,  and  who  were,  fays  Eacbard,  influenced by  two  or  three  others  of  inferiour  rank.  The  king  had  once  refolved  to  have  taken  them all  prifoners  before  he  left  York ,  which  had  probably  prevented  the  mifchiefs  that  enfued, but  was  perfuaded  from  it  by  the  gentlemen  of  the  country,  who  alledged  that  furh  an  un¬ popular  a£t  would  prove  their  ruin  ;  expofing  them  to  the  fury  of  the  difaffeCted  parry, who  would  rather  encreafe  than  be  weakned  by  it.  So  tender  and  careful,  favs  the  hillo- rian,  were  men  to  perfuade  his  majefty  from  any  thing  that  carried  not  the  full  face  of  the law  with  it,  vainly  imagining  the  mildeft  phyfick  mojl  proper  for  fuch  violent  outragious  di- jlempers. September  2.  Upon  the  king’s  departure,  the  lord-mayor  fummoned  all  the  citizens,  &c.  to  the  Guild- ball,  where  the  commiffion  of  Henry  earl  of  Cumberland  was  read ;  and  according  to  the tenure  of  it,  the  city  was  immediately  ordered  to  be  put  in  a  pofture  of  defence,  and  ord¬ nance  mounted  on  the  gates  ( c ). And  now  a  cruel  and  bloody  war  began,  which  I  fhall  perfue  no  farther  than  the  boun¬ daries  of  the  city  will  allow  me,  and  in  that  diitriCt  fliall  be  very  careful  to  let  no  memora¬ ble  event  on  either  fide  efcape  particular  notice ;  few  hiilorians  having  thought  fit  to  tranf- mit  our  affairs  to  pofterity. At  the  firft  fetting  out,  the  gentlemen  of  both  parties  were  fo  cautious  of  involving  this county  in  a  war,  that  a  treaty  was  fet  on  foot,  and  fourteen  articles  agreed  on  betwixt  them; by,  and  with,  the  confent  -of  the  right  honourable  Henry  earl  of  Cumberland,  lord  lieute¬ nant  general  of  all  his  majefty’s  forces  in  the  county  of  York,  and  Ferdinando  lord  Fairfax. Thefe  articles  ( d )  comprehended  a  fufpenfion  of  all  military  actions  and  preparations  in  this county  on  both  fides,  which  are  too  long  to  infert ;  but  they  were  agreed  to  at  Rodwell , September  29,  164.',  and  figned  by  Henry  Bellafvfe,  William  Savile ,  Edward  OJborne ,  John Ramfden,  Ingram  Hoplon,  and  Francis  Nevilc  on  the  king’s  party ;  and  Thomas  Fairfax , Thomas  Maleverer ,  William  Lifter,  William  White,  John  Farrar,  and  John  Stockdale  of  the other  party. 1  his  amicable  treaty  and  agreement  was  but  of  fmall  effeCl;  and  as  I  find  fubfifted  no longer  than  the  parliamentarians  thought  themfelvcs  ftrong  enough  to  cope  with  the  king’s party  in  thefe  parts.  ( d )  A  declaration  of  the  earl  of  Cumberland's  publifhed  about  this time  makes  this  appear  too  plain,  wherein  he  tells  the  publick,  “  that  it  had  been  his  own “  and  his  majefty’s  peculiar  care  to  remove  the  cloud  of  war  from  this  county  which  had “  hung  dreadfully  over  their  heads  for  fome  time.  That  fince  his  majefly’s  departure,  he tc  had  applied  himfelf  by  all  the  ways  and  means  which  human  real'on  could  diClate,  to “  procure  a  timely  remedy  for  thefe  bleeding  wounds.  Therefore  at  the  treaty  of  Rodwell, “  with  fome  gentlemen  of  this  county,  whofe  affection  to  peace  and  unity,  though  differing “  in  opinion,  he  thought  himfelf  mofl  confident,  fundry  articles  were  agreed  upon,  all “  wholly  tending  to  a  real  fettlement  of  peace  amongfl  them.  For  the  attaining  of  which, “  he  willingly  let  pais  the  manifeft  advantages,  which  he  had  over  the  oppofers  of  peace “in  this  county,  and  judging  the  affections  of  others  by  his  own,  quitted  all  confidera- “  tions  but  fuch  as  might  purchafe  amity  amongfl  them.  Nay,  when  it  lay  in  his  power “  to  have  forced  or  deftroyed  them,  that  nothing  might  be  wanting  to  oblige  them,  he “  fet  at  liberty  feveral  prifoners,  fome  of  good  quality,  upon  their  word  and  faith  to  re- “  turn  if  the  treaty  was  not  concluded.  Notwithflanding  all  this,  adds  the  earl,  with- “  out.  the  leafl  breach  on  our  fide,  as  foon  as  they  were  free  from  danger,  contrary  to “  their  hands ,  faith ,  and  protections,  they  have  wholly  broken  that  agreement,  fo  folcmn- “  ly  concluded;  and  by  afpecious  offer  of  peace,  prepared  them  Fives  for  war,  and  opened “  a  breach  which  muff  now  mofl  inevitably  overwhelm  this  diflrefied  country.”  The noble  earl  after  enumerating  many  fcandalous  enormities,  murders,  and  cruelties  committed by  the  parliamentarians,  concludes  thus,  however  though  we  perifh  in  this  work  we  Jhall  r<Jl fatisfied,  that  we  have  preferred  our  faith  and  honour  untainted-,  and  yet  we  hope  by  God's  blef- flng  upon  our  juft  endeavours ,  to  reprefs  the  enemies  of  his  majefty' s  peace,  and  to  conferve ourfelves  and  this  country  to  the  glory  of  God,  the  fervice  of  our  king,  and  mutual  comfort  of one  another. The  war  now  was  entered  into  brifkly  on  both  fides,  but  the  rebels  had  much  the  better of  the  earl.  Sir  Thomas  Fairfax  and  capt  Hotham  fon  to  the  governor  of  Hull,  had  advanced fo  far  againft  York, .  as  to  fortify  Tadcafter  and  Wetherby,  and  had  twice  repul  fed  fir  Thomas Glemham  in  two  furious  aflaults  he  had  made  upon  their  forces  in  the  laft  mentioned  town. (fj.  p*  MS-  .  gentry  and  others  his  m  a]  e  fly's  fubjefls,  now  afTembled (d)  Prom  a  copy  printed  at  fork.  at  Yor k,  for  his  majeily  s  lervicc  and  the  defence  of  this (e)  Entituled  the  declaration  of  the  right  honourable  city  and  county.  Printed  at  Turk  t  Stcpbtn  Bu/kley, Henry  earl  of  Cumberland  lord  lieutenant  general  of  all  164Z.  by  fpecial  command. his  majelly’s  forces  in  Torkjhire.  And  of  the  nobility  and This l CHAP.V.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. f  1  his  made  the  Torkjhire  gentry  fend  to  defire  the  earl  of  Newcnftle  to  come  to  their  aid  ■ who  had  levied  confiderable  forces  in  the  north,  and  he  accordingly  made  a  fpeedy  march  to the  city.  L  1 November  30,  came  the  earl  to  York  with  an  army  of  fix  thouftnd  Iiorfe  and  foot,  and  ten pieces  of  Ordnance.  They  were  received  with  great  joy  by  the  citizens,,  but  efpecially,  favs a  manufeript  of  that  time,  by  fir  Edward  OJborn  and  fir  Mtmmduke  Lanrdalc  the  agents for  the  reft  of  the  gentlemen  on  that  fide  of  the  qucftion  in  thefe  parts At  the  earl  of  Newcaftle' s  arrival,  the  earl  of  Cumberland,  being  of  too  peaceable  a  difpo- fition  for  the  Ipints  of The ■  York/hire  gentry,  fays  fir  Thomas  Fairfax  (e),  refigned  his  com- miffion  to  him  ;  who  ftaid  no  longer  in  lord,  than  three  days  to  tefreih  his  men,  when  lie marched  out  from  thence  with  four  thoufand  horfe  and  foot  and  feven  pieces  of  ordnance  m order  to  attack  the  enemy’s  entrenchments  at  Tadcnfler.  At  the  fame  time  the  lord  general fent  his  lieutenant  general,  the  earl  of  Newport,  to  Welherby  with  two  thoufand  men,  and at  TWrp?cy-;'S  b°°n  ^  ^  plaCe  WaS  ta!cei1 10  COme  and  him  by  filing  upon  their  backs The  lord  general  made  his  attack  upon  the  enemy’s  works  about  eleven  o’  clock  in  the forenoon  ;  the  enemy  had  in  their  trenches  two  thoufand  men,  as  my  manufeript  fpeaks, though  fir  Thomas  lays  only  feven  hundred,  which  is  fcarce  poffible ;  they  referral  their  [hot till  the  royal  ills  came  very  near  them,  and  then  difpofed  of  it  to  fo  good  purpofe  that  they were  forced  to  retire  and  fhelter  themfelves  behind  the  hedges.  The  fight  continued  from die  time  aforefiud  till  four  or  five  in  the  afternoon  with  cannon  and  mufket  without  intcr- nulhon.  Gord  Ferdwando  in  his  letter  to  the  parliament,  about  this  adlion,  writes  that  be- lides  cannon,  at  Ieaft  forty  thoufand  mufket  fhot  was  difeharged  on  both  fides  in  this’eon- V’  ‘rJPJ?ln  at  the  beginning  of  the  fight  wrote  a  letter  to  the  carl  of  Ncw- pi  ,  figned  M  ill.  Newcaftle  and  fent  it  by  a  running  foot-boy  to  tell  him  that  though  his commiffion  was  to  come  and  aflift  him,  yet  he  might  now  fpare  his  pains,  and  flay  till  lie fent  him  orders  the  next  morning  (£;.  This  fham  letter  had  the  defired  efleft,  for  though liberty  was  relinqu, Ih’d  to  the  parliament’s  forces  before  noon,  yet  the  earl  on  the  receipt of  it  flopped  his  proceedings  and  waited  for  further  orders.  Newport  not  coming  up  was r  »r-fC0Uraguement  t0-„  5  ord  general  and  hls  forces,  who  neverthelefs  continued  the  at- ri,™  I"1  P  bravery  till  five  m  the  afternoon  ;  when  their  powder  and  match  being  fpent, nlfimlr  r  °bl,ged. to  debil:  tdl  he  had  fent  for  a  fupply  from  York-,  intending  to  renew  the afr.iult  next  morning.  But  in  the  night  lord  Fairfax  drew  off  his  men  to  Selby  and  Cawood- and  eft  the  earl  free  poffeffion  of  the  place.  There  were  fiain  on  both  fides  about  three 'edjrbu,  n0ne  ot  note  except  one  captain  Lifter,  whom  fir  Thomas  calls  a  great  lofs, being  a  di/creet  man.  1  he  father  llyles  him  a  valiant  and  gallant  gentleman,  and  fays  he  was fiiot  in  the  head  by  a  mufket  bullet  (h).  Thus  by  the  mercy  of  God,  adds  fir  Thomas ,  were a  few  delivered  from  an  army  who.  in  their  thoughts  had  fwaliowed  us  up, After  this,  Sheffield  Wakefield,  Leeds,  Hall, fax,  and  Bradford,  and  feveral  other  towns and  garrifons,  agamft  the  king,  were  infix  week’s  fpace,  by  the  valour  and  condufl  of  the lord  general  reduced  to  his  majefly’s  fubjecW  But  by  the  various  chance  of  war  loft  and wonagam,  fometimes  by  one  party,  and  fometimes  by  another;  and  Torkjhire,  fpi  te of all precaution,  was  for  forne  years  a  feene  of  blood  and  mifery  ’  P But  to  keep  within  my  limits,  our  city  was  the  lord  general’s  chief  quarters  for  him  ard often  for  his  whole  army;  and  fo  full  was  it  ufually  of  foldiers,  that  my  manufeript  informs me  that  five  hundred  were  hmetted,  on  free  quarter  fometimes,  in  one  parifh  that  had  but forty  houfes  in  it.  This  mu  ft  be  for  difafthftion  ;  but  it  was  a  miferable  time,  fcarce  ani-h happened  without  quarrels,  blood  and  murder  among  the  men,  which  the  vigilancy  oflhe governor  fir  Thomas  Glemham  could  by  no  means  prevent ;  and  he  himfelf  waf  feveral  times A  fo  alfth  bCl  naIn’i  m  endeavounnS  to  appeafe  thefe  contentious  mutinies.  At  this  time alfo  all  the  goals  m  the  cty  were  full  of  prifoners,  and  feme  other  places  made  ufe  of  for that  occafion  ;  at  one  tune  three  hundred  and  eighty  prifoners  in  the  caftie  ;  in  Davy-ha/l one  hundred,  in  Merchant  s-hall  one  hundred  and  eight;  who  by  clofe  confinement  Vant ot  .dual,  were  put  into  raging  fevers;  in  which  unhappy  condition  feveral  of  tTaefe wretches  became  their  own  executioners. About  this  time  a  pamphlet  was  publiflied  at  York  by  the  lord  general,  intituled  a  de c  aration  of  bis  excellency  the  earl  of  Newcaftle,  in  anfioer  to  the  afperfions  caft  upon  hit  h  the S^Z;:^a’Ta,“  bmn"S  date  Feb'  ^  ™  i  Bdkly 161 A,  164^. ( e)  Fairfax's  memoirs. (t)  Coliedtion  of  publick  afts. (g)  Ex  MS. if!  1  find  i  nTbore/by'i  Ducat  us  Lead,  a  remarkable  in¬ duce  of  filial  afiection  relating  to  this  gentleman,  as  fol¬ lows:  “  William  Lifer  efquire,  flam  at  Fa  deafer  in  the ‘‘  CIV1‘  wars‘  ,His  <°n  palling  through  that  place  many years  after.  .,ad  the  curiofity  to  enquire  where  his  fa- “  ther  ws  bur,-'j ;  and  Coding  the  fexton  digging  in  the “choir,  he  fliewed  him  a  fkull  jull  dug  up,  which  he  a- “  verrcd  t0  be  his  father’s.  The  flcuil'upon  handling  was “found  to  have  a  bulletin  it;  which  teltimony  rf ‘  the  truth  of  the  fexton’s  words  fo  flruck  the  Jon  thac ‘‘ he  flekened  at  the  fight  of  it,  and  died  fqon  after.”’ _ . Their  eflate,  at  Fbornton  in  Craven ,  is  now  in  the  nof- iefikm  of  my  very  worthy  friend  fir  John  l.idfr  Kan: baronet,  and  may  it  be  fo  per  plurimos  arms. T  t fn ■  jnf’T ,62,  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookT. A.  In  this  the  earl,  in  a  very  handfome  manner,  and  nervous  ftyle,  anfwers  all  the  objeftions, or  rather  fcandalous  and  opprobrious  afperfions,  which  the  lord  Fairfax  had  thrown  on  him  ; as  having  railed  an  army  of  yapijls,  and  with  thofe  had  invaded,  robbed  and  plundered  this county;  killing  and  defraying  religious  proteftant  fubjefts;  imprifoning  and  banillling God’s  holy  minifters.  All  which  the  earl  endeavours  to  wipe  off.  This  declaration,  with the  anfwer  to  it  again  by  the  lord  Fairfax ,  are  extant  in  Rujhwortb  ;  and  were  they  not  too prolix  fhould  find  a  place  in  thefe  annals  ;  for,  in  my  opinion,  nothing  could  give  a  jufter notion  of  each  party’s  pretenfions  to  honour,  honefty,  and  the  juftice  of  their  caufe,  than may  be  found  in  them.  And  I  believe  the  reader  will  fay,  when  he  has  read  them,  that their  pens  and  Avoids  carried  equal  fharpnefs;  the  former  having  as  little  remorfe  in  de- ftroying  each  other’s  charafters,  as  the  latter  their  perfons. :)  i  Feb.  22.  came  the  joyful  news  to  Fork  of  the  queen’s  majefty’s  life  arrival  and  landing at  Bridlington-key.  Her' majefty  had  embarked  on  board  the  prmcef -royal  of  Great- Britain, Feb.  1 6.  at  Helvoet-fmce  ;  under  the  convoy  of  fevan  Dutch  men  of  war,  commanded  by  ad¬ miral  Van  Frump ;  on  the  20'”  they  caff  anchor  in  Bridlington-bay,  and  on  the  2  2*  fhe landed,  as  foon  as  the  lord  general  arrived,  who  came  with  a  ftrong  body  of  troops  to  guard her  perfon.  Her  majefty  brought  along  with  her  thirty  fix  pieces  of  brafs  and  two  of  iron ordnance,  with  fmatl  arms  for  ten  thoufand  men.  I  need  not  here  mention  the  infolence  of Batter,  the  parliament’s  vice-admiral,  who  miffing  of  his  prey  at  lea,  Feb.  24.  came  into  the bay  w  ith  four  men  of  war  and  a  pinnace' ;  in  the  night  time  he  drew  up  his  Ihips,  as  near  the key  as  poflible,  and  dilcharged  above  one  hundred  great  ihot,  crofs  bars  and  twelve  poun¬ ders,  all  ot  them  aimed  at  the  houfe  where  the  queen  lay.  Some  of  thefe  fhot  making  way through  her  very  chamber,  fhe  was  forced  out  of  her  bed  to  take  fhelter  behind  a  bank  in the  fields.  This  barbarous  ufage  fufficiently  fhews  what  fhe  might  have  expefted  had  they met  her  majefty  at  fea. On  the  7lk  of  March  the  queen  lay  at  Malton  ;  and  the  next  day  entered  York,  with  three coaches,  efcorted  by  the  lord  general,  with  eight  troops  of  horfe  and  fifteen  companies  of loot.  She  was  met  on  He-worth  Moor  by  the  lord-mayor,  aldermen,  trite,  and  great  multi¬ tudes  of  citizens  with  all  pofftble,  and  1  believe  unfeigned,  demonftrations  of  joy  ;  the  no¬ ble  fupply  fhe  brought  to  the  king  challenging  no  lefs. March  9.  came  the  ammunition  to  York-,  loading  for  five  hundred  carts;  which  ftores with  three  mortar-pieces  were  laid  up  in  the  common-hall.  At  this  time  the  city  was  every v  here  Itrongly  fortified,  and  above  twenty  cannon,  great  and  filial],  were  planted  about  it. Two  cannon  were  planted  upon  old  Bayle,  one  at  the  Fryers,  two  fling  pieces,  and  one finall  drake  in  three  or  four  barks  which  crofs’d  the  river  in  a  brealt  near  the  Crane-hoitfe ; two  at  Micklegnie-bar,  two  at  Monk-bar,  two  at  IValmgate-bar ;  out  of  which  laft  was  a ftrong  bulwark  erected.  At  feveral  lanes  ends,  within  the  city,  were  ditches  and  banks made  and  caft  up,  with  hogfheads  filled  with  earth  for  barricadoes.  By  the  general’s orders  the  magiftrates  were  to  find  eight  hundred  men  to  work  daily  at  the  repairs  of the  walls,  and  fecurlng  the  ditches  of  the  city  ;  and  they  had  likewile  eight  hundred  more out  of  the  county  to  help  them.  This  mull  be  a  vaft  expence  and  fall  heavy  upon  every particular  inhabitant ;  when  befides,  adds  the  writer  of  a  manufeript,  each  citizen  paid  two pounds  a  month,  that  maintained  a  man  in  arms,  towards  provifion  for  the  army.  And  if their  own  fervants  bore  not  their  arms,  it  coft  five  (hillings  a  week  for  one  to  bear  them. Add  to  this  fix  fhillings  a  month  for  firing  at  the  feveral  guards  in  the  city,  with  two, three  or  four  foldiers  billeted  upon  free  billet  in  a  houfe,  and  it  will  make  their  cafe  very deplorable. v  1643.  The  earl  of  Montrofs ,  who  will  be  ever  famous  in  hiftory,  having  deferted  the  covenan¬ ter’s  caufe  came  with  the  lord  Ogilvy  and  one  hundred  and  twenty  horfe,  and  prefented  him- lt-lf  to  the  queen  at  York.  He  informed  her  majefty  with  the  covenanters  preparations  to invade  England,  and  that  they  would  in  a  very  little  time  bring  a  great  army  into  it.  The marquis  of  Hamilton  came  alfo  hither  to  falute  the  queen,  and  by  his  arts  refuted  Montrofs  s afiertions,  and  prayed  her  majefty  to  give  no  credit  to  one  fo  vain  and  young,  which  fhe unhappily  inclined  to.  Sir  Hugh  Cholmley ,  governor  of  Scarborough- caftle,  with  three  hun¬ dred  men  came  in  to  the  queen  at  York ,  returning  to  his  obedience  to  his  fovereign.  The two  Hothams  feemed  alfo  to  attempt  it,  but  unforutnately.  So  dangerous,  rebellion  is, fays  my  authority,  that  it  often  ruins  thofe  that  would  return  to  their  duty  again. The  queen  ftaid  eight  weeks  in  York  as  fome  write,  but  by  a  (k)  printed  paper  now  be¬ fore  me,  it  appears  fhe  refided  near  three  months  in  this  city.  The  paper  bears  this  title; Yo  the  queen's  moft  excellent  majefty ,  the  humble  petition  of  the  nobility  and  gentry  of  the  county of  Y ork  ;  and  is  thus  worded, •  Aloft  gratious  queen , r  E  the  nobility  and  gfentry  of  the  county  of  York  having  always  found  your  maje- “  fty’s  moft  gratious  and  conftant  affeftion  and  afiiftance  to  reftore  the  peace  of  the ■  kingdom  in  general,  and  of  this  county  in  particular  (for  which  we  (hall  never  be  want- W] (k)  Printed  at  Turk  for  Stephen  Bulklj,  A.  1643.  . ■  mg I (i)  Ex  MS. Chap-V.  of  the  CITY  Of  YORK.  l6 ing  in  our  loyal  endeavours  and  iervice  fio  your  facred  maieflivfi  do  in  all  hiimiiu,  a  -  *  ' :  rtefbehalf  0f  1,1  his  affixed  fubiefts  in  this’cormty!  rave  of Z "X ft”  *  ,6+* that  now  in  ourgreateftand  moftpreffing  neceffmes,  your  maiefty  will  arerraX  X’ t0  “f  *ute  four  care  and  protection  to  us  and  rhef/northera^  And  we" confidermg  the  great  benefit  to  his  majefty’s  affairs,  that  all  helps  be  applied  to  tire  fettling thefe  northern  countys  in.  peace,  and  that  the  reheh  in  ,1,;.  ill  F.F  ,  tne  lcttllng 0  are  of  more  confideration  and  danger  than  formerly  ’  and  that  if?difaifl-0Hrm8  COUn7s “  kingdom  ofScollandihoM  invade  diefe  parts  fwhffh  we  l  d.faflefted  party  m  the be  a  grat.ous  expreff.on  ot  your  majefty’s  wifdom  and  tender  care  of  thefe  nJrthSn  pan “  il^arafrea“r  ,mPr(®on  on  the  hearts  of  fuch  forces  as  being  to  waff  on  vou?  ma jefry  s  facred  perfon  may  leave  their  natural  countrvs,  kindred  and  frimde  •  ^ “  ^  “d  '-PPr  wxy  of  Security.  And  we  doe  Toft  heathy  mak  our  UteftaZs to  your  majefty,  that  m  this  our  defire  of  your  majefty’s.  ftay  with  ^  we  are «ceed 2 ly  moved  by  the  apprehcnfion  we  have  of  great  hazard  to  your  majeft  es ™rfoX 5 journey  to,  the  lung,  it  being  certain  the  rebels  fouthward  have  difpofe  “tteff  forces  dan' getoufly,  and  we  doubt,  purpofely,  to  hinder  your  majefty’s  paffage «,  ,  4;?d°ur  r°yd  Sovereign’s,  and  your  majefty’s  fafetyand  honour,  is  the  greareft  earth we can en,°7,  which we  fta]I  wiiiin^ w’^sStti Dated  Jmt  I,  ,643,  ^ever pray.  Sec, in  he0rpaffag™dih?  Jefolutely  fet  fbrwilrd  from  r' 'V*6  haVe  of  being  impeded  Jau  6. body  of  her!  ’and  foot  under"  th  onduft  oHhe lXn7Vl of  &  ‘  ^ as«as«r  = «•»  & fides  ordering,  them  a  be- ral  that  each  pnfoner  ihould  have  three  pence  a  day  allolcd  fo?his  maintenance  t\  ^ J  take-  from  a  manufenpt  of  thofe  times  now  before  me,  and  may  be  ci'edked  belt I  T anonymous  writer  of  it  fhews  himfelf  mmnmmi,™  ,  '  .  c*eQltecl>  beca,ufe  the gained  a  confidence  viftory  at  S  liZ  inftlhe  k  ngf  Zes  fu  ^  *&*’  *** open,  and  the  marquis  havinv  four or  five Thn,  h  S/S  ““V  th,e  Tth  flde  conti™ed ver  the  river,  coukXfponthem  to  eilher  fide  a„d°f  b‘" ^  th*  hdp  °f  ?  bri$? from  the  reft.  It  was  therefore  thoup-hr  fir  t-W  th  1  '  c  ^on  <luarter  he  faw  divided the  affociated  countys,  Ihould  advance  to  the  0  herstffiftl^lfc^ff*  l**  T ,°Ut  °f up,  and  he  in  perfon,  with  about  fix  hund^^^S^hLd^ffltt  7  tu Zo). were  p,aced  and  quartered  near  g b^  above  one  ^  ^tX The  befieged  having  fired  the  fuburbs  in  mod  parts  about  the  city,  and  drawn  their  peo- (0  Rtijhwiortb. ( m)  Ex  MS, pic i^4 A.  1644. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES Book  I. pie  into  the  town,  the  befiegers  endeavoured  to  quench  it,  and  preferve  the  houfes  for their  lhelter  Hereupon  feveral  hot  fkirmilhes  enfued.  Mancbefter  s  forces  tell  on  near Walmrale-bar,  and  took  S.  Nicholas  church  ;  but  were  foon  obliged  to  ret.rc  ;  the  Scots  alto about  Micklegate-bar  took  and  brought  off  a  booty  of  cattle  which  were  conveying  to  the citv  The  befieged  made  feveral  gallant  failles,  but  were  Hill  beat  back  with  like  courage. Every  da-  fays  Rufhworth,  produced  feme  notable  aftion ;  he  Icons  to  lament  they  were not  journahzed  by  any  hand  that  he  ever  faw ;  which  makes  him  lefs  particular  in  the  de- feriotion  of  this  than  many  lefs  remarkable  fieges  in  the  war. All  the  hopes  the  loyal  party  in  the  city  had  to  be  refeued  from  their  enemies,  was  in prince  Rupert  ,  who  after  he  had  raifed  the  fiege  of  Newark  with  great  lofs  to  the  parlia¬ ment  made  what  halte  he  could  to  do  the  like  for  York.  In  the  mean  time  the  lord  gene¬ ral  thought  fit  to  amufe  the  commanders  of  the  rebels,  with  fpecious  fhews  ot  treating  a- bout  the  rendition  of  the  city  and  fent  a  letter  dated  June  8,  to  the  earl  of  Leven  in  thefe words : (11)  My  Lord, T  Carnot  but  admire  that  your  Lcrdjhip  has  foe  near  beleaguered  this  city  on  all  fides,  madebclte- 1  rys  aninft  it ,  and  foe  near  approached  to  it,  without  Signifying  what  your  intentions  are  and what  yi  define  or  aped,  which  is  contrary  to  the  rules  of  all  military  duciphne  and  cujloms  of war-!  therefore  I  bale  thought  fit  to  remonftrate  thus  much  to  your  Lordjhip ,  to  the  end  that  your lordjhip  may  Signify  your  intentions  and  reflations  therein,  and  recaw  ours.  And  foe  I  remain,  my Lord, Your  lordfhip’s  humble  fervant, WALL.  NEWCASTLE. Dircfted  to  his  excellency  the  earl  of  Leven. York,  June  8,  1644. To  which  Lefy  returned  this  anfwer : Your  lordfhip’s  rnoft  humble  fervant. folMy  Lord, J  this  difance  I  fall  not  difpute  with your  lordjhip  points  of, military  iifciplme  nor  the  praHiee //  c  ru:h  cafes  ,  yet  to  give  your  lordjhip  fatisfafhon  in  that  your  letter  defies  from me  LXdft ptayuke  nole  thaf  I  have  drawn  my  Jones  before  thisedy,  wit  intention  to )  >  .  ,L  Ldience  of  kin°-  and  parliament.  Wbereunto  if  your  lordjhip  Jhall  fpeedtly  con- ’gZt  l^ttZeM^rnJh  innocent  blood,  whereof  I  wijh  your  lordjhip  to  be  noe  lefs J paring  than  I  am.  JVbo  rejts From  Fowforlb,  JuneS,  1644. To  his  excellency  the  lord  marquis  of  Newcajlle.  LEVEN. The  lord  Fairfax  and  afterwards  the  earl  of  Mancbefter  received  letters  from  the  marquis m  thefame  effeft,  and  finding  that  he  was  willing  to  treat  about  the  rendition,  the  three eenera  s  meton  the  ninth  of  June  in  the  night,  and  expreffed  their  readme*  to  enter  into  it lenm  Lefty  named  for  commiffioners  the  earl  of  Lmdjay  and  the  ord  Humbee-  the  lord /’  X  named  fir  William  Fairfax  and  colonel  White ;  and  the  earl  ot  Mancbefter  named colonel  Ru/fel  and  colonel  Hammond-,  but  withal  fignified  to  the  marquis,  that  they  were unwilling  TO  yield  to  a  celhtion  from  hoftilities  in  any  part  but  the  place  appointed  for  trea¬ ty.  The  marquis  after  two  days  delay  fent  the  generals  this  anlwer : (p)  My  Lords,  .  .  , ,  ,  , t  live  received  your  lordjhips  letter,  with  the  names  of  the  comm,  toners  appointed  by  yourlord- 1  Kps;  but  Since  your  lordjhips  have  declared  in  your  letter  to  a  low  a  eeJJation  of  arms  only  on that  fide  of  the  tow, 'during  the  time  of  the  treaty,  I  find  H  not  fit  for  me  to  incline  to  ,t  on  tbofe  con¬ ditio,,  s  ;  and  had  relumed  your  lordjhips  this  anfwer  long  before  this  tune,  if  fame  weighty  matte,  s had  not  retarded  my  affairs  in  that  particular.  I  am,  my  Lords, York,  June  1 1,  1644. Your  I.ordlhips  mod  humble  fervant, WILL.  NEWCASTLE. The  next  day  the  three  generals  fent  the  following  fummons  diredfed  to  the  marquis : ,  .  ;  TrE  the  generals  of  the  army  raifed  for  the  king  and  parliament,  and  now  employed  in  this ■'ll  expedition  againft  York,  that  no  further  effufion  ot  blood  be  occafmed,  and  that  the  city , f  York  aid  inhabitants' may  be  preferved  from  ruin,  doe  hereby  require  your  lordjhip  to  fu,  under U  i fid  City  to  us,  in  the  name  Ld  for  the  ufe  of  the  king  and  parliament,  withm  the  fpaee  of f'n)  Rnjltvertb. (§)  Idem. (p)  Idem. ( q)  Idem . twenty Chap.  V.  of  the  CITY  o/YORK. twenty  four  hours  after  the  receipt  thereof ;  which  if  you  refufe  to  doe,  the  inconveniencys  infuing upon  your  refujal ,  muft  be  required  at  your  lordjhip’s  hands  ;  feeing  our  intentions  are  not  for  bldod or  dejlruftion  of  towns ,  cities  or  countries ,  unlefs  all  other  means  being  ufed  we  be  necejfitated thereunto ;  which  fhall  be  contrary  to  the  minds  and  hearts  of,  my  Lord, June  12,  1644.  Your  excellency’s  moft  humble  fervanfs, LEVEN.  MANCHESTER.  FAIRFAX. The  marquis’s  anfwer  the  following  day  directed  to  all  the  three  generals  ran  thus: (r)  My  Lords, J  Have  received  a  letter  from  your  lordfhips,  dated  yejlcrday,  about  four  a- clock  this  afternoon \ wherein  I  am  required  to  furrcnder  the  city  to  your  lordfhips  in  twenty  four  hours  after  the  re¬ ceipt  ;  but  I  know  your  lordf):ips  are  too  full  of  honour  to  expert  the  furrendring  the  city  upon  a command,  and  upon  fo  fhort  an  advertifement  to  me,  who  have  the  king’s  commiffion  to  keep  it  ■,  and where  there  arc  fo  many  generous  perfons,  and  men  of  honour,  quality  and  fortune,  concerned  in it.  But,  truly,  I  conceive  this  faid  demand  high  enough  to  have  been  exacted  from  the  meanefi governor  of  any  of  his  majefifs  garifons ,  and  your  lordfhips  may  be  pleafed  to  know,  that  I  expect propofitions  to  proceed  from  your  lordfhips,  as  becomes  perfons  of  honour  to  give  and  receive  from  one another.  If  your  lordjhips  therefore  think  fit  to  propound  honourable  and  reafonable  terms,  and  a- gree  upon  a  general  cejfation  from  all  aids  of  hoftility  during  the  time  of  the  treaty,  then  your  Lord¬ jhips  may  receive  fuch  fiatisf aRion  therein  as  may  be  expelled  from  perfons  of  honour ,  and  fitch  as defire  to  avoid  the  effufion  of  chriflian  blood,  or  defir  udion  of  cities,  towns  and  countries,  as  any whatever  ;  yet  will  not  fpare  their  own  lives  rather  than  to  live  in  the  leafi  fiain  of  difijonour.  And fo  defiring  your  lordjhips  refolulions.  I  remain Your  lordfhip’s  moft  humble  fervant, York,  June  13,  1644.  WILL.  NEWCASTLE. June  14,  the  generals  yielded  to  a  compleat  ceffation  during  the  treaty  ;  and  thereupon the  commiffioners  meeting-,  thofe  for  the  city  offered  the  following  propofitions  (s). “  I.  That  the  city  ftiould  be  rendered  in  twenty  days  if  no  relief come. “  II.  That  the  marquifs  with  all  his  officers  and  foldiers  fhall  depart  with  colours  flying, “  drums  beating,  match  lighted,  with  their  arms,  &c.  to  be  conveyed  where  they  pleale, <c  and  not  to  be  forced  to  march  above  eight  miles  a  day  :  and  that  they  have  liberty  to  ftay “  forty  days  for  fettling  or  conveying  to  other  places  fuch  goods  as  they  fhall  not  be  able  to “  carry  with  them. “  That  no  oath,  &c.  be  adminiftered  to  afiy  of  them,  farther  than  is  warranted  by “  known  laws.  And  that  the  gentry  have  liberty  to  go  to  their  own  houfes,  and  be “  protected  from  violence,  and  not  queftioned  for  what  they,  have  done.  And  that  the “  townfmen  may  enjoy  all  privileges  as  before,  and  not  queftioned  for  what  they  have  done  ; “  and  that  the  garrifon  placed  here  be  only  Torkjhire  men. “  IV.  1  hat  all  the  churches  be  kept  from  profanation  :  That  divine  fervice  be  perform- cc  ed  therein  as  formerly:  That  the  revenues  belong  to  the  officers  as  it  has  done  ;  that  the “  prebendaries  continue  in  their  prebends  according  to  the  laws,  and  that  oil  other  ecclefia- <c  ftical  perfons  have  liberty  to  depart  and  ferve  God  and  enjoy  their  eftates  without  diftur- “  bance. V.  Lafily,  That  hoftages  be  given  and  that  Clifford’s  tower  (the  chief  fort  in  the  city) “  be  kept  by  the  king’s  party  till  the  articles  are  performed.” RufJj worth  fays,  that  the  befieger’s  commiflioners  expreffed  great  diflikeat  the  haughtinefs of  thefe  propofitions,  and  after  long  debate  upon  them,  three  of  the  chief  were  fent  by  the left  to  lay  them  before  the  generals.  In  about  two  hours  they  returned,  and  brought  a  paper vith  them  in  which  were  thefe:  fviz.J  That  Fork  with  all  the  arms  &c.  in  and  about  the fame,  be  delivered  up  for  the  ufe  of  the  king  and  parliament  on  the  conditions  following : “  k  That  the  foldiers  go  to  their  own  homes,  and  carry  with  them  their  clothes  andmo- “  ney  (not  exceeding  fourteen  days  pay)  and  have  fafe  conduct,  promifing  hereafter  not  to “  take  arms  againft  the  parliament  or  proteftant  religion. “  Ik  That  the  ordinary  inhabitants  be  prorefted  from  violence,  and  have  the  fame  free trade  as  others  under  protection  of  king  and  parliament ;  and  that  none  be  quartered  here “  except  thofe  appointed  for  the  garrifon. “  III.  1  hat  the  officers  have  liberty  to  go  to  their  own  homes  with  fwords  and  horfes, “  and  to  carry  their  apparel  and  money  not  exceeding  one  months  pay :  And  any  officer  re- “  commended  by  the  marquis  fhall  have  a  pafs  to  go  beyond  fea,  promifing  not  to  ferve  a- “  gainft  the  parliament  and  proteftant  religion. ;  “  IV-  That  the  gentry  and  other  inhabitants  of  the  county  now  reftding  at  2'ork,  may “  go  to  their  own  homes,  and  be  protedled  from  violence.  A  poiitive  anfwer  to  be  returned “  E0  '-hefe  propofitions  by  three  a-clock  to  morrow  afternoon. (r)  Rujhmrtb,  (,)  Ex  MS. n  V  u  Thefe 1 A. 1644- 1 66 A.  1644. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. Thefe  conditions  fo  widely  different  from  the  other  were  relented  as  they  ought  by  the commiilioners  for  the  city,  who,  fays  Rufhworth ,  were  fo  far from  accepting  of  them  that  they rcfufcd  to  carry  a  copy  of  them  to  the  marquis.  But  next  morning  Lefley  fent  one  by  a  drum, to  which  the  marquis  returned  the  following  anfwer  : r  Have  perufed  the  conditions  and  demands  your  lordfhip  fent,  hut  when  I  confidered  the  many *  profeffions  and  demands  made  to  avoid  the  ejfufion  of  chrijlian  blood,  1  did  admire  to  fee  fuch propojitions  from  your  lordfhips ,  conceiving  this  not  the  way  to  it,  for  1  cannot  fuppofe  that  your lordfhips  do  imagine  that  perfons  of  honour  can  condefcend  to  any  of  thefe  proportions ,  and  Jo  re¬ main,  my  lord, York,  June  if,  1644.  Your  lordfhip’s  moft  humble  fervant, WILLIAM  N  EIVCASLL  E. Upon  the  receipt  of  this  letter  the  celfation  expired,  and  the  three  generals  renewed their  affaults  upon  the  city,  on  all  fides,  with  double  vigour.  Manchejler' s  forces  had  un¬ dermined  St.  Mary's  tower  at  the  north-eaft  corner  of  the  Manor,  and  colonel  Crayford ,  a Scotchman ,  who  commanded  that  quarter,  fprung  the  mine,  which  took  effeiff,  quite  de- molifhed  the  tower,  and  buried  a  great  many  men  and  women  in  the  ruins.  Alter  this  he attempted  to  ftorm  the  city  with  his  forces,  having  made  another  breach  in  the  wall  by cannon  lower  down  in  Marygate,  which  entring  they  fcaled  two  or  three  other  walls,  and took  poffeffion  of  the  Manor.  This  happened  to  be  Trinity- Sunday,  when  molt  of  the commanders  for  the  city  were  at  the  cathedral,  the  violent  blow,  occafioned  by  fpunging the  mine,  fufficiently  alarmed  them,  and  each  man  ran  to  his  poft  to  watch  the  conlequence. In  the  mean  time  a  party  of  the  garrifon  went  out  by  a  private  filly  port  in  the  city  walls, entered  the  Manor  and  cut  off  the  only  way  the  enemy  had  to  retreat.  Upon  which  a fmart  rencounter  enfued,  the  rebels  flood  the  conflict  fome  time  in  the  bowling-green,  but fifty  of  them  being  killed,  the  reft,  being  about  two  hundred  and  fifty,  threw  down  their arms  and  fubmitted.  On  the  garrifon’s  fide  were  flain  fir  Philip  Byron  and  colonel  [Hud- dlejlone,  with  Mr.  Samuel  Brearey,  the  captain  of  a  company  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  vo¬ lunteer  citizens,  being  an  alderman’s  fon  of  this  city. From  this  time  to  Monday ?  June  24,  no  extraordinary  accident  happened  i  but  fmall lkirmifhes  and  cannon  playing  to  and  from  the  city  continued  both  night  and  day.  On  the 24 h  of  June  aforefaid,  about  four  in  the  morning  a  commanded  party  of  about  fix  hundred fallied  out  from  Monkbar ,  and  furioufly  affaulted  the  earl  of  Manchejler' s  quarters,  but  af¬ ter  a  fharp  conflict  were  driven  back  with  lofs  (it). The  fiege  continued  with  all  pofiible  vigour,  and  feveral  bold  attempts  were  made  by the  befiegers,  whofe  attacks  were  as  bravely  repulfed  by  the  befieged.  The  very  women in  the  city,  as  my  manufeript  fpeaks,  underwent  great  danger  and  fatigue  in  doing  all  that laid  in  their  power,  and  as  far  as  modefty  would  permit,  put  on  manly  courage  for  the  de¬ fence  of  it.  (x)  The  line  of  circumvallation  now  cut  off  all  dealings  with  the  country, which  made  frefh  provifions  fell  at  a  high  rate.  Mutton  fold  at  fixteen  findings  per  quar¬ ter.  Beef  at  four  fhillings  a  ftone.  A  pig  at  feven  findings.  A  hen  at  four  flail  lings. Egos  at  three  pence  a  piece.  Frefh  butter  was  two  fhillings  and  eight  pence  a  pound,  and oatmeal  at  two  fhillings  and  eight  pence  a  peck:  Yet  being  fo  long  apprized  of  the  fiege, fuch  a  quantity  of  fait  provifions  and  grain  was  laid  in  by  the  lord  general,  that  there  was no  fcarcity  of  either ;  and  all  forts  of  liquors  were  plentiful  enough.  . June  30,  towards  evening,  the  generals  of  the  parliament  forces  had  notice  that  prince Rupert,  with  an  army  of  twenty  thoufand  men,  was  advancing,  and  would  quarter  that night  at  Knarefhorough  and  Bur  rough-bridge,  within  twelve  miles  of  York.  Whereupon,  not thinking  themfelves  able  to  fight  him  and  continue  the  fiege,  they  refolved  to  rife.  Ac¬ cordingly  July  1,  they  drew  off  from  their  trenches  without  lofs,  and  marched  to  a  great moor,  four  or  five  miles  diftant  call  Marfion-moor ,  and  there  drew  up  expecting  the  prince would  make  that  his  way  to  York.  But  his  highnefs  caufed  only  a  party  of  horfe  to  face the  enemy  at  Skipbridge ,  where  they  might  fecure  their  retreat  over  the  Oufe  at  A  unmonk- ton  and  keeping  the  reft  of  his  army  on  that  fide  left  them  that  night  in  the  foreft  of  G al- tres\  whilft  he  with  about  two  hundred  horfe  rode  onto  the  city. At  York  the  prince  muft  needs  be  a  moft  welcome  gueft,  and  had  he  not  hurried  his  af¬ fairs  too  precipitately,  might,  not  only,  have  relieved  the  city,  but  eftablifhed  the  royal caufe  on  a  bafis  too  ftrong  for  rebellion  to  fhake.  Upon  calling  a  council  of  war  the  mar¬ quis  delivered  his  opinion  to  the  prince,  that  he  fhould  not  yet  attempt  any  thing  upon the  enemy,  for  he  had  certain  intelligence  of  fome  difeontent  among  the  generals,  and that  they  were  refolved  to  divide.  Befides  he  expelled  in  two  days  colonel  Clavering  with above  three  thoufand  men  from  the  north,  and  two  thoufand  drawn  out  of  feveral  garri- fons(_y).  This  reinforcement  adlually  came  at  the  time  appointed,  though  it  was  then  too (x)  Lawyer  Hiharl s  preface  to  his  antiquities  of  York. (y)  Rcwcajtle's  life  by  the  dutchefs. (/)  Ruf iwortb. (a)  Ex  MS. la-ti J Chap.  V.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. late.  Nor  was  the  marquis  out  in  his  notions  of  the  divifions  in  the  enemy’s  councils. For  general  Fairfax  himfelf  writes,  that  colonel  Cray  ford,  who  fprung  the  mine  and  made the  affault,  without  orders,  would  certainly  have  been  called  to  a  ftrid:  account  for  it,  had not  the  triumvir al  government ,  as  he  is  pleafed  to  term  it,  made  his  cafe  moreeafy  to  evade punifhment  (z).  Sir  'Thomas  adds,  that  a  divilion  arofe  in  council  about  tarrying  to  fight the  prince  there,  or  to  retreat  in  order  to  gain  time  and  place  of  more  advantage.  Which lalt  the  Scotch  prevailed  for,  and  they  accordingly  broke  up  and  marched  towards  Tad- cajler ,  lieutenant  general  Cromwell ,  Lejley  and  himfelf  having  the  charge  of  bringing  up the  rear. Notwithftanding  this  the  prince  had  not  the  good  fortune  to  liften  to  the  marquis’s  ad¬ vice-,  but  alledging  that  he  had  a  letter  from  his  majefty,  then  at  Oxford ,  with  a  pofitive and  abfolute  command  to  fight  the  enemy,  he  thought  it  his  duty  to  obey  it.  To  which the  marquis  replied,  that  he  was  ready  and  willing  to  obey  the  prince  in  all  things ,  no  other- ways  than  if  his  majejly  was  there  in  perfon  himfelf.  And  though  feveral  of  his  friends  advifed the  marquis  not  to  engage  in  battle,  becaufe  the  command,  as  they  faid,  was  taken  from him ;  yet  that  noble  lord  anfwered,  that  happen  what  would  he  would  not  fhun  the  fight having  no  other  ambition  then  to  live  and  die  a  faithful  fubjedl  to  his  majejly  (a). Whether  the  prince  had  fuch  a  command  from  the  king,  or  his  own  rafhnefs  urged  him to  fight  is  uncertain.  However  on  Tuefday  July  2,  he  marched  out  of  Fork  with  his  whole army,  and  his  van  confiding  of  five  thoufand  horfe  came  up  with  the  rebels  before  they  had drawn  their  forces  out  of  the  moor.  Upon  this  their  whole  army  made  a  ftand,  and  drew back  both  foot  and  carriages  with  all  fpeed,  they  finding  that  the  prince  was  refolved  to fight  them.  Both  parties  were  now  bufy  in  drawing  up  their  men,  and  the  parliamenta¬ rians,  finding  the  prince  had  pofiefled  himfelf  of  great  part  of  the  moor,  were  obliged  to range  theirs  in  a  large  field  of  rye  at  Marfion  town  end,  where  their  pioneers  made  way  to extend  their  wings.  This  being  a  rifing  ground  the  prince  lent  a  party  to  didodge  them, but  they  were  driven  back,  and  that  cornfield  pofiefled  by  the  enemy.  Their  right  wing was  placed  juft  by  Marfion  town  fide,  the  town  on  their  right  hand  fronting  the  eaft  ;  and as  their  foot  and  horfe  came  up,  they  formed  their  batalia  and  left  wing,  endeavouring  to gain  as  much  to  the  left  as  they  could  ;  fo  that  at  laft  their  army  fronted  to  the  moor  fro^ Marfion  to  Topwith,  being  a  mile  and  a  half  in  length.  The  number  of  the  parliament’s iorces  were  fomewhat  more  than  the  king’s  according  to  fir  Thomas  (b)t  Their  right  wing of  horfe  was  commanded  by  him,  confifting  of  eighty  troops,  being  his  own  and  part  of the  Scotch  horfe.  The  main  batalia  by  his  father  lord  Ferdinando ,  who  alfo  commanded  the foot  towards  the  right  wing,  confifting  of  all  his  own  infantry,  and  two  brigades  ol  Scots for  a  referve.  Towards  the  left  general  Lejley  commanded  with  the  reft  of  the  Scotijh forces  ;  two  brigades  of  the  earl  of  ManchefieF s  with  fix  regiments  of  Scots  and  one  of Manchefier’s  brigades  for  a  referve.  The  left  wing  was  lead  on  by  the  earl  o {  Mancbefter and  his  lieutenant  general  Cromwell „  confifting  of  the  earl’s  whole  cavalry,  and  three  re¬ giments  of  the  Scotijh  horfe,  under  major  general  Lejley ,'  making  in  all  about  feventy troops. This  difpofition  took  up  a  great  deal  of  the  day,  but  prince  Rupert  was  as  late  as  they before  he  had  fully  drawn  up  his  forces.  Part  of  his  foot  and  horfe  lay  on  the  north  fide ol  the  river  Oufe,  and  had  to  come  over  Poppleton  ferry  which,  however,  happened  to  be fordable  at  that  time  ( c ).  It  was  betwixt  two  or  three  a  clock  in  the  afternoon  before  both armies  were  formed  for  the  battle.  The  prince  had,  with  die  forces  drawn  out  of  the  city, in  all  in  the  field,  about  fourteen  thoufand  foot  and  nine  thoufand  horfe,  and  twenty  five pieces  of  ordnance.  His  highnefs  himfelf  led  on  the  right  wing  of  horfe,  which  had  in it  twelve  divifions  confifting  of  an  hundred  troops,  which  might  be  five  thoufand  men. The  left  wing  ot  horfe  was  commanded  by  fir  Charles  Lucas  and  colonel  Hurry  \  but  who commanded  the  main  body,  whether  general  Goring ,  major  general  Porter ,  or  general Tilyard  is  uncertain.  Nor  do  I  find  what  particular  charge  the  marquis  had  this  day,  though it  is  certain  he  was  engaged  very  valiantly  in  the  battle.  The  prince’s  army  extended  in front  fomewhat  longer  than  the  enemy’s,  and  therefore  on  their  left  hand  to  lecure  the flank,  they  placed  the  Scotijh  dragoons,  under  the  command  of  colonel  Frizle.  The  field word  given  by  the  prince  was  God  and  the  king ;  the  others,  God  with  us. About  three  a  clock  the  great  ordnance  began  to  play  on  both  fides,  but  without  doing any  confiderable  damage  or  execution.  About  five  there  was  a  general  filence,  both  fides expecting  who  lhould  begin  the  charge  firft ,  for  there  was  a  fmall  ditch  and  a  bank  betwixt the  two  armies,  which  though  they  had  drawn  up  within  mufquet-fhot  of  one  another, muft  incommode  the  party  that  palled  it,  and  lay  them  more  open  to  their  enemy.  In this  pofture  and  dreadful  dilemma,  they  continued  fome  time,  infomuch  that  every  one concluded  there  would  be  no  a&ion  that  night,  but  about  feven  in  the  evening,  Whitlock fays  feven  next  morning,  the  parliament’s  generals  were  refolved  to  fall  on,  and  the  fignal (z)  Sir  T.  Fairfax's  memoirs.  (b)  Fair.  mem. [a)  Marquis's  life.  '  (r)  Ex  MS. being 167 A.  1644. i <58  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. A.  1644.  being  given,  the  earl  of  Manchefler's  foot  and  the  Scots  of  the  main  body  advancing  in  a running  march,  foon  made  their  way  over  the  ditch  and  gave  a  fmart  charge. The  front  divifions  of  horfe  mutually  charged,  the  refpe&ive  oppofite  right  and  left  wings meeting.  The  firlt  divifion  of  prince  Rupert's  advanced,  and  with  them  his  highnefs  in perfon  charged  Cromwell's  divifion  of  three  hundred  horfe,  in  which  he  was  alfo  in  perfon and  very  hard  put  to  it  being  charged  by  the  prince’s  braved  men  both  in  front  and  flank, and  dood  at  fword’s  point  a  pretty  while  hacking  one  another.  But  at  lad  Cromwell  broke through,  and  at  the  lame  time  the  red  of  his  horfe  of  that  wing,  and  major  general  Lejley's regiments  had  wholly  broken  all  that  right  wing  of  the  prince’s,  and  were  in  chace  of  them beyond  their  left  wing  ;  the  earl  of  Manchejler's  foot  on  the  right  hand  of  them  went  on by  their  fide,  almod  as  fad  as  they,  difperfing  and  cutting  down  the  prince’s  foot.  It was  at  this  time  that  the  marquis  of  Newcajlle's  own  regiment,  called  White-coats  from  their cloathing,  confiding  of  a  thoufand  dout  Northumbrians ,  being  deferted  by  the  horfe,  yet fcorning  either  to  fly  or  afk  quarter,  were  cut  in  pieces  by  the  enemy,  all  bravely  filling in  rank  and  file  as  they  had  dood.  The  red  of  this  wing  which  efcaped  killing,  or  being taken  prifoners,  fled  in  confufion  towards  York. But  the  prince’s  left  wing  lead  by  colonel  Hurry ,  had  better  fuccefs,  and  did  as  much to  the  parliament’s  right.  For  though  fir  Thomas  Fairfax  and  colonel  Lambert  with  five or  fix  troops  charged  through  them,  and  went  to  their  own  left  wing,  the  red  of  his  troops were  defeated,  and  the  lord  Fairfax's  brigade  being  furioufly  affaulted,  and  at  the  fame time  dilordered  by  fome  of  fir  Thomas's  new  raifed  regiments,  who  wheeled  about ;  and being  clofely  perfued,  fled  back  upon  them  and  the  referve  of  Scotijh  foot,  and  broke  them wholly,  treading  many  underfoot ;  fo  that  their  right  wing  and  great  part  of  their  main body  were  routed,  and  fled  out  of  the  field  feveral  miles  towards  Tadcajlcr  and  Cawood , giving  out  that  all  was  loft.  The  three  generals,  Manchejler ,  Levon ,  and  Fairfax  thought io  too,  and  were  haftning  out  of  the  field  ,  when  the  victory  they  defpaired  of,  unexpected¬ ly,  fell  into  their  hands. For  vvhilft  the  royalifts  were,  too  eagerly,  purfuing  the  chace,  and  juft  fiezing  on  their enemies  carriages,  &c.  Cromwell  with  his  regiment,  and  hr  Thomas  Fairfax  having  rallied fome  of  his  horfe  and  Manchefler's  foot,  came  back  from  the  chace  of  the  prince’s  right wing,  and  perceiving  their  friends  in  the  mean  time  thus  worfted  advanced  in  good  order to  a  fecond  charge  with  all  the  prince’s  horfe  and  foot  that  had  thus  difordered  their  main battle  and  right  wing,  who  feeing  their  approach  gave  over  the  purfuit  and  prepared  to receive  them.  Both  fides  being  not  a  little  furprized  to  fee  they  muft  fight  it  over  again for  that  victory  which  they  thought  they  had  already  gained.  However  the  royalifts marched  with  great  refolution  down  the  cornfield,  the  face  of  the  battle  being  exaCtly counterchanged,  for  now  the  king’s  forces  ftood  on  the  fame  ground,  and  with  the  fame front  that  the  parliament’s  right  wing  before  ftood  to  receive  their  charge,  and  the  par¬ liament’s  forces  in  the  fame  ground  and  with  the  fame  front  which  the  king’s  did  when the  fight  began. The  battle  thus  renewed  grew  defperate  and  bloody;  but,  in  fine,  after  the  utmoft  ef¬ forts  of  ftrength  and  courage  on  either  fide  for  three  hours,  viClory  wholly  inclined  to  the parliament’s  forces  ;  who,  before  ten  a  clock  had  cleared  the  field,  and  not  only  recovered their  own  ordnance,  but  took  all  the  princes  train  of  artillery  and  followed  the  chace  with great  {laughter  within  a  mile  of  York. The  number  of  the  (lain  on  both  fides  is  faidtobe  eight  thoufand;  though  authors  vary much  in  this  as  well  as  other  particulars.  The  countrymen  who  were  commanded  to  bury the  bodies  gave  out,  that  they  interred  four  thoufand  one  hundred  and  fifty  («_).  It  is  ge¬ nerally  believed  that  the  prince  loft  at  leaft  three  thoufand  men,  the  parliamentarians  would not  own  to  above  three  hundred  being  flain  on  their  fide;  which  is  incredible  from  the  cir- cumftances  of  the  fight. Cromwell ,  though  the  author  of  Hollis' s  memoirs  taxes  him  with  cowardice,  and  fays  he withdrew  very  foon  from  the  fight  for  a  flight  wound  in  the  neck,  is  by  moft  writers  al¬ lowed  to  be  the  main  inftrument  in  gaining  this  victory.  His  known  courage  joined  with coolnefs  reftored  the  day,  which  was  infallibly  loft  by  prince  Rupert's  wanting  that  laft  ne- cefiary  qualification  in  a  general.  Sir  Thomas  Fairfax  alfo  carried  himfelf  with  great  brave¬ ry,  he  tells  us  that  he  muft  ever  remember  the  goodnefs  of  God  to  him  that  day  ;  for  ha¬ ving  charged  through  the  enemy,  and  his  men  going  after  the  purfuit,  he  flopped  to  re¬ turn  to  his  other  troops,  when  unexpectedly  he  fell  into  the  midft  of  the  enemy’s  horfe alone  ;  but  taking  the  fignal  out  of  his  hat,  he  paft  through  them  again  as  one  of  their  own commanders.  He  adds,  that  he  efcaped  the  dangers  of  that  field  with  only  a  cut  in  his cheek  given  him  at  the  firft  charge,  and  his  horle  fhot  under  him  in  the  fecond.  The other  generals  are  faid  to  have  all  fled  the  field  ;  and  Leven  after  a  flight  of  ten  miles  was taken  by  a  conftable. The  principal  perfons  flain  on  the  prince’s  fide  were  fir  IVilliatn  Wentworth ,  fir  William Lambton,  fir  William  Langdale ,  fir  Thomas  Met  ham,  colonel  Eury,  and  colonel  Slingfhy . [it]  The  graves  are  yet  to  be  feen  on  the  moor  near  Wilflrop-woti. Prifoners Chap.  V.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  l6p Prifoners  of  note  were  fir  Charles  Lucas  lieutenant  general  to  the  marquis  of  NemcalUe' s  A.  1644. liorfe,  major  general  Porter ,  major  general  Tilyari,  and  the  lord  Goring’ s  fon,  with  nea- a  hundred  other  officers,  fifteen  hundred  common  foldiers,  ( Whitlock ,  three  thoufand  pri- Joners  in  all)  twenty  five  pieces  of  ordnance ;  one  hundred  and  thirty  barrels  of  powder fcveral  thoul.ind  arms,  and  was  computed  near  a  hundred  colours.  For  which  though there  was  a  proclamation  made  to  bring  them  to  the  generals,  yet  the  foldiers  had  already torn  to  pieces  moll  of  them,  delighting  to  wear  the  Ihreds  in  their  hats  (d). Of  the  parliamentarians  none  ol  note  were  flain  except  captain  Micklethwait  and  major Fairfax,  who  died  of  his  wounds  at  York  •,  as  did  alfo  Charles  Fairfax  fon  to  the  general, and  was  buried  at  Marflon.  Some  hiftorians  mention  a  Scotch  lord  Diddup  to  be  flain  here ; which  when  it  was  told  the  king  that  a  lord  of  that  name  was  killed  on  the  parliament’s fide,  his  majefty  faid  he  did  not  remember  fuch  a  lord  in  Scotland,  to  which  was  replied  it might  very  well  be ,  frnce  that  lord  had  forgot  there  was  fuch  a  king  in  England.  ’ On  the  king’s  party  every  gentleman,  volunteer,  &c.  ferved  in  this  battle  with  uncom¬ mon  bravery  ;  and  charged  with  all  the  refolution  that  could  be  expedted  from  men  ;  that prince  Rupert  faid,  at  his  return  to  York,  I  am  fure  my  men  fought  well ,  and  know  no  reafon for  our  rout  but  this ,  becaufe  the  devil  did  help  his  fervants.  The  prince  himfelf  narrowly elcaped  to  the  city  by  the  goodnefs  of  his  horfe. To  add  to  the  misfortunes  of  this  day,  the  very  next  proved  a  worfe  ftroke  to  the  king’s affairs  ;  for  the  brave  marquis  of  Newcajlle ,  and  his  friends,  being  difeontented  at  the prince  s  conduct,  tired  and  dilcouraged  to  the  laft  degree,  refolved  to  leave  the  land. This  refolution  was  in  fome  meafure  copied  by  the  prince,  for  almoft  at  the  fame  inftant they  fent  meflages  to  one  another  that  they  intended  to  leave  this  city  and  country  *,  the prince  faid  he  would  march  that  very  morning  away  with  his  horfe,  and  as  many  foot  as lie  had  left  towards  the  fouth,  and  the  marquis  that  he  would  that  inftant  repair  to  the fea-coaft  and  tranfport  himfelf  beyond  feas.  Both  which,  to  the  furprize  of  friends  and enemies,  they  immediately  performed  •,  the  prince  drew  out  what  forces  he  could  rally twelve  miles  north  of  York  waiting  the  coming  up  of  colonel  Clavering ,  and  then  marched into  Lancajhire.  The  marquis  conduced  by  one  troop  of  horfe  went  to  Scarborough,  where two  fhips  being  ready  to  fiil  for  Hamborough ,  he  imbarked  himfelf  and  company  therein which  were  his  two  fons,  Charles  viicount  Mansfield,  and  lord  Henry  Cavendijh,  his  brother ijr’jj-  65  CavendifJj,  Dr.  Bramhall  bifhop  of  Londonderry ,  the  lord  Falconberg ,  the  lord Widdrington ,  the  earl  of  Ethyne,  the  lord  Carnwath,  colonel  Carnaby ,  colonel  Bajfet ,  colo¬ nel  Mazin,  fir  William  Vavafour ,  fir  Francis  Mackworlh ,  and  about  eighty  more,  who  in lour  days  all  arrived  fafe  at  Hamborough.  The  marquis  came  no  more  into  England  till  the wonderful  reftoration  of  king  Charles  II,  lixteen  years  after. This  ftrange  defertion  of  the  city  of  York  and  northern  parts  proved  of  the  utmoft  dif- fervice  to  the  king’s  affairs ;  for  had  they  ftaid  in  the  city,  they  might  in  time  have  wearied out  and  wafted  thofe  enemies  they  now  left  it  to  the  mercy  of.  Diffenfions  amon^ft  the northern  ^generals  of  the  parliament’s  fide,  were  very  confiderable  both  before  and  after  the battle,  f  he  Scots,  according  to  their  cuftom,  wanted  to  be  marching  home  with  their booty,  and  they  had  another  reafon,  for  the  marquis  of  Mont rofs  had  already  lighted  a name  in  their  country  which  the  parliament  at  Edenborough  could  not  extinguifh.°  Then iuch  quantities  of  provifions  had  been  thrown  into  the  town,  that  they  had  little  ftomach to  the  renewing  of  the  fiege,  till  the  certain  intelligence  of  the  king’s  tvfo  generals  abrupt and  final  departure  fo  far  reconciled  them,  that  where  nothing  elle  coulcl,  they,  after  two days,  returned  to  their  pofts  before  the  city,  which  was  now  left  to  the  foie  diferetion  of the  governour  fir  Thomas  Glemham ,  and  beleaguered  ftraiter  than  ever. They  fummoned  the  city  to  furrender  on  mercy,  to  which  fir  Thomas  Glemham  and  the lord-mayor  anfwered,  that  they  could  not  yield  on  any  fuch  terms,  fo  the  befiegers  went  on v  igoioufly  with  their  attacks  againft  it.  And  July  1 1 ,  having  made  their  approaches  almoft lip  to  the  very  walls,  and  prepared  fealing  ladders,  &c.  for  a  general  afiault,  the  befiecred beat  a  parley  and  defired  a  treaty  •,  whereupon  fir  William  Conjlable  and  colonel  Lambert were  fent  into  the  city  to  conclude  it. And  July  15,  that  gallant  gentleman  the  governour  having  done  as  much  as  man  could do  in  defence  of  the  city,  after  a  fiege  of  eighteen  weeks,  in  which  he  had  valiantly  with- ftood  twenty  two  ftorms,_four  countermines,  and  flain  four  or  five  thoufand  of  the  enemy before  it ;  having  but  a  final!  garrifon,  moft  of  their  artillery  drawn  out  and  loft  at  Mar- J; on-moor,  little  or  no  warlike  ammunition  left,  and  Jaftly  deferred  by  their  belt  and  braveft men,  thought  fit  to  furrender  up  the  city  on  the  following  articles  (e). (./)  Some  of  the  colours  fent  up  to  the  parliament  by captain  Stewart  were  tilde  :  prince  Rupert's  llandard  with the  ?.rms  of  the  Palatine,  near  five  yards  long  and  broad, v-ith  a  red  crofs  in  the  midft.  A  black  cornet  with  a black  and  yellow  hinge,  and  a  Avord  brandifhcd  from the  clouds  with  this  motto,  terribilis  ut  acies  ordinata. A  willow  green  with  the  portraiture  of  a  man  holding in  one  hand  a  knot,  in  the  other  a  fword  with  this, a ko  fk all  unite  it.  Another  coloured  with  a  face  and this  motto,  nut  mors  nut  vita  decora.  A  yellow  cornet in  its  middle,  a  lyon  couchant,  and  behind  him  a  mailifF feeming  to  (hatch  at  him,  and  a  label  from  his  mo, nth written  Kimbolton ;  at  his  feet  little  beagles,  and  before their  mouths  written,  Pym,  Pytt/.Pym:.  and  out  of  tire lion’s  mouth  thefe  words  proceeding,  quottfque  tandem abutere  pntier.tia  ttoflra.  Rujbmrth  .  ' (fi  Ex  MS. Xx “  I.  That r[-  i 170 A  1644- the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. “  I  That  fir  Thomas  Glemham  as  governour  of  the  city  of  York,  toll  furrender  and  de- ‘  .uTph?he  fame,  wtth  the.rt,  to„non,  — "  IhreTlene^s"  or  to  whom  they  toll  appoin’t  for  the  ufe  of  the  king  and  parliament  u> “  ^  1“  city  with  their  arms,  drums  beating,  co- ct  lonrc  flvino-  match  lighted,  bullet  in  mouth,  bag  and  baggage.  ...  . «  XII.  Tfa’t  they  (hall  have  a  convoy  that  no  injury  be  done  them  in  their  march  to “  fffv”'That  fick  and  maimed  foldiers  toll  not  be  hindered  from  going  after  their  re- “  T1  That  all  foldiers  wives  and  children  may  have  liberty  to  go  to  hufbands “and  fathers  to  their  own  homes  and  eftates,  and  to  enjoy  them  peaceably  under  con- “  tribution. “  '“  VIIl’  That  if  any  garrifon  be  placed  in  the  city,  two  parts  in  three  (hall  be  MJbire- ..  m  J  no  free  miner  Stall  be  pu^  upon  any  without  his  own  confent,  and  the  armies “  toll  not  ente? the  city  before  the  governour  and  ruchpart “  IX.  That  in  all  charges  the  citizens,  refiants  and  inhabitants  toll  .  y  P “  with  rhe  rountv  at  large  as  was  formerly  in  all  other  aueffments.  .  ,  . «  v  That  all  citizens  Gentlemen,  refiants,  fojourners,  and  every  other  perfon  within “the  city  toll  if  they  pleafe,  have  free  liberty  to  remove  themfelves,  family,  and  goods, “  and  todifpofc  thereof  aPnd  their  eftates  at  their  pleasures,  according  to  the  law  of  the  land, ::  «*'■*•*  ■STir^aS'a  a£se  ts  *>  *■* "  “xi'^Thatidl  “enTemen^nd^ ’others  that  have  goods  within  the  city,  and  are  abfent “  themMv^  may  five  free  liberty  to  take,  carry  away,  and  difpofe  of  them  as  ,n  the  fore- “  ““xfrThat  neither  churches  nor  other  buildings  toll  be  defaced,  nor  any  plunderings “  nor  taking  of  any  man’s  perfon,  nor  any  part  of  his  eftate  buffered  ;  and  that  juft.ee :  toll “  be  adminiftred  within  the  city  by  the.  magiftrates  according  to  law,  who  toll  be  afiifted ““xlll  ^ThaT^ ail^ebfons'whofe^lweU^ngs  are  in  the  city,  though  now  abfent,  may  en- “joy  the  benefit  of  thefe  articles  as  if  they  were  prefent. Signed FERD.  FAIRFAX.  MANCHESTER.  GLEMHAM. ADAM  HEPBORNE.  (f)  THU-  ULRMHAM. Lord  HUM  BEE. WILL.  CONSTABLE. Thefe  extraordinary  concefiions  granted  to  people,  driven  to  the  utmoft  defpair,  may fhew  pofterity  how  eager  they  were  to  be  pofieffed  of  the  city;  their  own  divifions  making toyiie  long  betoe  it.  On  thefe  terms  the  city,  together '  With its  forts  towers  five  and  thirty  pieces  of  ordnance,  three  thoufand  arms,  five  barrels  ot powdei^and^other  ammunition,  were  yielded  up  to  the  enemy  by  fir  Thomas  Glemham,  with the  confent  of  the  lord-mayor  and  magiftrates  ot  the  place.  ,  ndcci And  July  16,  the  forces  marched  out  being  about  a  thoufand,  befides  fick  an the  befiegers  being  drawn  up  on  both  Tides  the  way  out  of  A  ic  ega  e-  /  > that  the  befieged  might  march  through  them.  Then  the  three  generals  went  in  o  the  city in  proceffion,  directly  to  theminfter  church,  fays  Rujhwortb,  where  a  pfahn  was  fu  g. thanks  returned  to  God  by  mailer  Robert  Dmglafi  chaplain  to  the  earl  of  Leve»  And Tburfday  after  was  appointed  a  day  of  thanklgiving  to  be  folemnly  p  y “"some  writers  have  taxed  the  generals  with  a  breach  of  their  articles  by  fuffering  their  fol- diers  to  plunder,  (Ac.  But  if  we  may  believe  Rujhwortb,  it  was  only  this,  that  fome (f)  Sir  Thomas  Glemham  afterwards  held  Carljle  nine weeks  for  the  king,  againlt  pellilencc,  famine  and  the power  of  Scotland-,  and  delivered  ic  upon  good  terms. He  was  alfo  governour  of  Oxford,  which  he  furrendcrcd by  the  king’s  orders  to  general  Fairfax.  Being  arrelted in  London ,  contrary  to  the  Oxford  articles,  he  was  fome time  kept  prifoncr  in  the  Beet,  from  whence  he  found means  10  pafc  into  Holl.md,  where  loon  alter  tbs  worn thy  gentlem  n  died.  H11  brother  Dr.  Glmbam  was  af¬ ter  the  reltaa  ration,  made  bilhop  of  St.  Afafb.  Uaji, memoirs  of  loyalilh. troopers I Chap. V.  of  the  CITY  s/YORK. troopers  of  Manchester* s  army  took  away  from  the  king’s  forces,  as  they  were  marching,  i cloaths,  plate,  and  money,  contrary  to  articles.  Upon  which  the  generals  exprefied  them- felves  much  offended  *,  and,  adds  he,  Mancbejler  publifhed  a  declaration,  .that  if  any  trooper concerned  in  the  plunder  would  in  two  days  bring  to  his  captain  what  he  had  taken,  he fhould  be  forgiven,  if  not,  they  ffiould  fuffer  death  according  to  the  articles  of  war  publifhed by  the  earl  of  Effex. Immediately  after  the  rendition  of  the  city,  the  three  armies  thought  fit  to  feparate  ; being  heartily  tired  of  one  another’s  company.  'I  he  Scotch  marched  northward,  the  earl of  Mancbejler  into  Lincolnshire ,  and  the  lord  Fairfax  remained  at  Fork, .  being  conftituted governour  of  it  by  the  parliament.  Where  he  and  his  fon  were  to  take  in  all  the  garrilons that  ftill  held  out  for  the  king  in  this  county  •,  which  in  a  fmall  time  after  were  wholly brought  under  fubjedtion. In  one  of  their  excurfions,  in  order  to  reduce  the  caftle  of  Helmjley ,  fir  Thomas  Fairfax received  a  dangerous  (hot  in  the  fhoulder.  Being  brought  back  to  Fork ,  he  laid  there  fome time  fo  ill  of  his  wound  that  his  life  was  defpaired  of.  Upon  his  recovery  he  was  voted by  the  parliament  commander  in  chief  of  all  their  forces  -,  and  did  that  fignal  fervice  for them  as  to  reduce  the  king’s  affairs  to  the  loweft  ebb  of  fortune  •,  of  which  none  could  more heartily  repent,  if  we  may  believe  his  own  memoirs,  then  the  hero  himfelf. Upon  the  taking  of  the  city,  the  new  made  governour  difplaced  fir  Edmund  Cooper  from the  office  of  lord-mayor,  which  he  had  held  four  years,  when  few  durft  undertake  it,  with all  the  teftimony  of  loyalty  and  courage  a  good  fubjeft  could  pay  to  his  fovereign.  ‘Thomas Hoyle  alderman,  one  of  the  city’s  reprefentatives  in  parliament,  was  for  a  contrary  reafon put  into  the  place  (g).  The  governour  alfo  procured  John  Geld  art,  Stephen  W at  fon,  Thomas Dickenfon,  Robert  Horner ,  Leonard  Thomfon ,  and  Simon  Coulton  to  be  chofen  aldermen  for their  eminent  difaffedtion  to  the  king-,  in  the  places  of  fir  Robert  Belt,  fir  Roger  Jaques, Robert  Hejnfworth,  William  Scot ,  and  John  Myers  difplaced,  and  even  disfranchifed  for  their loyalty  to  their  fovereign  -,  which  defervesa  more  lading  memorial  than  I  am  afraid  my  pen can  give  them. The  city  walls  much  fhattered  in  the  time  of  the  liege  were  by  order  of  the  governour and  lord-mayor  put  into  repair.  And  the  fame  year,  January  i ,  though  it  ought  to  be buried  in  eternal  oblivion,  came  the  great  convoy  to  Fork ,  commanded  by  major  general Skippon ,  with  the  two  hundred  thoufand  pound,  the  price  of  blood',  which  money  was  paid to  the  tojat  th ec  common-hall  of  this  city.  At  their  coming  in  all  the  artillery  about  the city  was  difeharged  (h). A  petition  from  the  inhabitants  of  the  county  and  city  of  Fork  and  of  the  northern  parts of  the  kingdom  of  England  was  prefented  to  the  parliament,  to  lay  a  foundation  for  an univerfity  at  Fork,  which  I  fhall  give  in  another  part  of  this  work.  The  whole  kingdom being  now,  almoft  under  fubjedtion  to  the  parliament,  and  having  no  more  enemies  to  fear* this  city  was  dismantled  of  its  garrifon,  Clifford' s  tower  only  excepted,'  of  which  the  lord- mayor  was  conftituted  governour  and  fo  continued  feveral  years. January  30,  Charles  I.  king  of  Great  Britain  was  murdered  upon  a  Scaffold,  before  his own  palace,  in  open  daylight-,  by  a  fet  of  men  whom  an  act  oi  parliament  brands  with  the name  of  mifereants ,  who  were  as  far  from  being  true  proteft ants  as  they  were  true  fubjefits.  The firft  crowned  head  in  the  world  that  ever  was  taken  oft  by  fuch  barefaced  villany,  and  the only  king  that  ever  died  in  that  barefaced  manner  for  religion.  The  noble  hiftorian,  Mr. Eachard  and  others,  have  taken  care  to  paint  this  horrid  proceeding  in  the  colours  it  de- ferves.  I  fhall  only  fay,  that  even  Oldmixon  himfelf,  who  writes  with  equal  malice  and equal  truth  againft:  the  family  of  the  Stewarts ,  as  Woolfton  againft  the  miracles  of  our  Sa¬ viour,  dares  not  once  go  about  to  excufe  it. The  fame  year  in  March  came  down  judge  Thorp  to  Fork,  to  hold  the  Lent  affize; where  in  an  elaborate  charge  to  the  grand  jury,  he  endeavoured  to  juftify  the  murder  of the  king,  and  to  vindicate  the  parliament  in  all  their  proceedings.  In  order  to  make  the change  from  the  king’s  name  in  forms  of  law,  which  it  had  ever  ran  in,  to  the  commons of  England,  acceptable  to  the  people,  he  has  raked  up  all  the  invidious  and  fcandalous  in- vedtives  againft  kings  and  monarchy,  which  the  molt  celebrated  republicans  to  his  time had  ever  wrote.  The  fpeech  was  printed  at  Fork.  At  this  affize  was  a  great  goal  deli- livery,  twenty  three  were  condemned,  fixteen  men  and  feven  women,  all  executed  five two.  One  of  the  women  was  condemned  for  crucifying  her  mother,  and  offering  a  calf and  a  cock  for  a  burnt  ficrfice.  The  hufband  of  the  woman  was  hanged  for  having  a  hand in  the  fadt;  another  tafte  of  the  ftrange  enthufiaftick  flights  of  thofe  times. Augujt  23,  were  executed  at  Tyburn  near  Fork,  colonel  John  Morrice  and  lieutenant Blackburn.  The  former  was  governour  of  Pontfrele  caftle,  which  he  had  with  extream pains  taken  and  with  extream  hardffiips  kept.  The  latter  was  one  of  that  gallant  party which  was  fent  out  of  the  caftle  in  that  memorable  expedition  to  Doncafer  -,  and  the  very man  that  killed  Rainfborough.  After  the  rendition  of  the  caftle  they  were  both  taken  as (?)  Lawver  Hi /yard's  ant.  of  York.  (*)  Lloyd's  mem. [b)  Ex  MS. they iyt v.  1644. A.  1645. A. 1647. A. 1648- A  1649. i  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. .649.  they  were  endeavouring  to  get  abroad,  and  brought  prifoners  to  York.  They  had  once an  opportunity  to  make  their  efcapes,  and  one  of  them  had  Hid  down  the  caftle  walls  by  a rope  ;  which  his  partner  endeavouring  to  do  after  him,  by  hafte  or  inadvertency,  fell  and broke  his  leg.  This  misfortune  coft  them  both  their  lives,  for  the  colonel  would  not  leave his  unhappy  companion  i  but  out  of  a  noble  fpirit  of  generofity  ftaid  by  him  till  they  were retaken.  After  twenty  two  weeks  imprifonment  they  were  fentenced  to  die  by  judge  Thorp and  Pnlefon,  who  were  purpofely  fent  down  to  try  them  •,  and  both  teftified  at  their  deaths that  fteady  loyalty  which  had  made  their  lives  fo  remarkable. But  fince  we  are  upon  executions,  and  to  divert  the  reader  from  thefe  melancholly  re¬ flections,  I  cannot  omit  giving  an  account  of  an  odd  accident  which  happened  this  year to  an  alderman  of  York ,  and  one  of  our  burgeffes  in  that  infamous  long  parliament,  who upon  the  fame  day  of  the  month  of  January,  and  as  near  as  poflible  at  the  fame  hour  of the  day,  on  which  the  royal  martyr  fuffered  the  year  before,  took  occafion  to  do  that  jultice on  himfelf  which  the  times  denied  him,  by  hanging  himfelf  at  his  houfe  in  Wejtminfier. This  man,  though  not  confiderable  enough  to  be  one  of  the  king’s  judges,  or  even  named a  commiflioner,  was  one  that  went  in  with  them  in  all  their  villanies ;  and  whether  remorfe or  madnefs,  as  fome  would  pleafe  to  have  it,  caufed  him  to  aCt  the  deed  is  left  to  the reader  s  conjecture.  Upon  this  accident  the  wits  of  thole  times  beftowed  the  following elogy  ( k ). On  the  happy  memory  of  alderman  Hoyl  of  York,  that  hanged  hwifelf  January  30,  1649. “  All  hail  fair  fruit !  may  every  crabtree  bear *’  Such  bloflfoms,  and  fo  lovely  every  year. “  Call  ye  me  this  a  flip  ?  marry  ’tis  well, “  Zacheus  flip’d  to  heaven ,  the  thief  to  hell : “  But  if  the  faints  thus  give ’s  the  flip,  ’tis  need “  To  look  about  us  to  preferve  the  breed. «  Th’  are  of  the  running  game,  and  thus  to  poft “  In  noofes,  blanks  the  reckoning  with  their  hoft. “  But  hark  you,  fir,  if  hafte  can  grant  the  time, “  See  you  the  danger  yet  what  ’tis  to  climb “  In  king’s  prerogatives?  things  beyond  jult, “  When  law  feems  brib’d  to  doom  them,  muft  be  trufs’d. tc  But  oh  !  I  fmell  your  plot  ftrong  thro’  your  hofe, “  ’Twas  but  to  cheat  the  hangman  of  your  cloaths  ; “  Elfe  your  more  a&ive  hands  had  fairly  ftaid “  The  leifure  of  a  pfalm:  Judas  has  pray’d. “  Yet  let  me  afk  one  queftion,  why  alone? “  One  member  of  a  corporation  ? “  But  I  perceive  the  knack  ;  old  women  fay, “  And  be’t  approv’d,  each  dog  fhall  have  his  day. tc  Hence  fweep  the  almanack,  Lilly  make  room. “  And  blanks  enough  for  the  new  faints  to  come  (/). tc  All  in  red  letters ,  as  their  faults  have  been “  Scarlet,  fo  limn  their  univerfe  of  fin. tc  And  to  their  children’s  credits  and  their  wives, “  Be  it  ftill  laid  they  leap  fair  for  their  lives,  &V.” Cromwell  the  renowned  protestor  of  thefe  realms  has  little  fhare  in  thefe  annals,  though a  very  confiderable  one  in  the  annals  of  England.  I  cannot  learn  he  was  ever  at  York ,  ex¬ cept  after  the  battle  of  Marfoyi-moor  with  the  generals.  And  another  time  I  find  this  me¬ morial  of  him  (;»). 65°-  J!/ly  4,  came  general  Cromwell  to  York,  in  an  expedition  made  into  Scotland,  at  which time  all  the  artillery  of  the  tower  were  difcharged.  The  next  day  he  dined  with  the  lord- mayor,  and  the  following  fet  forward  for  Scotland.  To  compliment  his  excellency,  and  to fhew  their  zeal  for  thecaufe,  our  magiftrates  now  thought  fit  to  take  down  the  king’s  arms  at Micklegate  and  Bootham-bars ,  through  both  which  he  muft  needs  pafs  in  his  journey,  and put  up  the  ftate’s  arms  in  their  ftead. This  is  all  I  can  meet  with  during  the  commonwealth  and-  Cromwell's  ufurpation;  af¬ ter  whofe  death  affairs  began  to  wheel  about.  Divifions  and  diftraltions  daily  encreafed amongft  the  rulers,  and  every  honeft  man  law  plainly  there  was  no  other  way  tp  little  the kingdom  on  its  fure  and  antient  bajis,  but  calling  in  their  lawful  king. It  muft  be  allowed  that  the  firft  perfon  of  quality  thatftirred  in  thefe  parts,  and  feemed to  point  at  a  rejlauration  was  the  lord  Fairfax.  He  had  kept  a  fecret  correfpondence  with (J  Rump,  or  a  collection  of  fongs  and  poems  by  ihe  (/)  This  accident  really  had  a  place  in  the  almanacks molt  eminent  wits  from  an.  1639  10  Jn-  *667.  London  for  fome  years  after  the  Riftauraiion frm-ed  1662.  („)  Cx  MS. genera j c™?-v-  of  the  CITY  j/YORK, crswral  Monitor  fome.time,  and  had  promifed  to  raife  forces,  in  confdrt  with  fir  George I. "'  lb'  aml  1,111  uPon  Lambert' s  rear,  who  was  ftationed  at  Newcajlle,  in  order  to  nut  a ■  op  one  way  or  other,  to  Monk's  proceedings:  By  which  addon,  fays  an  author  In),  his lordfh  p  was  likely  to  recover  the  honour,  in  purfuing  that  army,  which,  when  he  was formerly  tneu  general  he  had  loft  by  leading  it.  Lord  Fairfax’s  preparation,  were,  it d  ^r',!  c°°  *°on  *  and  the  general  having  a  tender  concern  for  him  and  his  par- ty,  w  to  had  to  gal  lantly  declared  for  Monk ;  and  knowing  how  unequal  they  were  to  deal -.nth  Lambert's  army,  he  refolved  to  haften  to  their  relief  ;  and  to  foat  end  mfrehed  h l1  ecs  immediately  over  die  Yweed, he^haTf "  u  :""m?  dererting  him°n  M°nk’s  *PP«»ch,  the  general  came  to  Newcajlle,  where he  haki  .  dt.ee  days.  From  thence  he  reached  York ,  by  eafy  marches,  having  received  in- ,  ence  bdore  that  lord  Fairfax  had  fummoned  the  city,  and  was  actually  in  poffeffion o  it.  On  January  1 1,  16,4,  general  Monk  made  his  entrance  into  York-,  I  myfelf  have been  old  by  an  ancient  mag, (Irate  of  our  city  („),  who  is  fince  dead  at  a  very  advanced HeC’  r«idbero5mCmbered  V*  "  r  ‘‘f  Srcneral’s  "“rehing  into  it  at  the  head  of  his  army He  fud  he  rode  on  a  gallant  white  horfe ,  betwixt  two  frijbytcrim  teachers ,  to  whom  he feemed  to  pay  great  r  gard.  Titis  circumftance  is  a  teftimony  of  the  deep  diffimuktion tl.e  general  was  ob lged  to  keep  at  that  time.  In  his  inarch,  through  theP  country  and even  ill  the  cry  itfell,  the  general  had  the  inward  pleafure  to  find  almoft  every  one  of  his own  mind.  For  though  the  men,  that  met  him  in  crowds,  durft  not  (hew  their  inclina ions  by  any  thing  but  loud  huzzas  for  fear  ol  the  army;  yet  the  women  were  more  ooen in  th.ir  loyally ;  and  feveral  of  them  were  heard  to  fiiy,.  as'  the  general  raffed  hvfheJff cavalcade,  ah  Monk,  God  blefs  thee ,  we  hope  thou  has  a  king  in  thy  belly  ^  m At  this  c,ty  toe  general  ftaid  five  days  ;  one  of  which  being  Sunday',  he  went  to  the  ca |d  ~  '  l,l7ru  f  ''•"non  preached  by  Mr.  Bowles,  chaplain  and  chief  councilor  to  the ,  •  "">A;  1  Jc  had  tmfinefs  to  do  m  the  city  during  his  ftay  in  it  ■  lor  here  hv us  own  authority,  he  fell  to  modelling  his  army ;  and  difpoied  of  fuch  forces  as  had’ be7 longed  to  Lambirt.  Lambert's,  own  regiment  he  gave  to  colonel  Brlhell,  as  a  reward  of  hi' ferv.ee  m  ,o,n.ng  with  lord.  Fairfax.  Major  Smith/on  had  Lilburn’ s  regiment  2en  him hat  officer  having  brought  ,t  off  from  Lambert,  to  the  lord  Pairfax  and  his  pany  Thfr line  ft  f '  general  frequently,  and  had  much  fecret  difeourfe  with  him.  One  day  daev ned  together  privately  in  the  general’s  own  chamber,  whilft  the  principal  officers  and nofe  The  a1  entert:i,ncd  « a  Pubdck  table  br  hi,  chaplain  deputed  for  that  pur J,  „Th  fPla',n  ,here  mentioned  was  Dr.  Price ;  who  afterwards  wrote  and  nubliihed then -den  and  method  of  bis  majejlfs  happy  Restaukation  ,  being  privy  to  alf the  fecret pajf-  res  aml^  particularities  as  the  title  of  the  book  expreffes  it,  of  tbj GLOR  .mrs lotion  (p)  It  is  from  this  author  that  I  extradl  thefollowing  remarkable  (lory  It  fem< h'  M  Ttf  ,ord  F*f«*  -J  the  general  dined  pdvatey the  ,  Mr.  Bowles  was  lent  by  his  lordflup  to  confer  with  the  general  ;  and  they  were  in  rkfe conference  together  till  alter  midnight.  For  about  that  dm?  Dr.  Price  entering  the  chim ber  to  go  to  prayeis,  as  ufual,  he  found  him  and  Bowles  in  very  private  difeourfe-  the  cm neral  ordenng  him  to  go  out  for  a  while,  but  not  to  bed.  After  was  gone  h? called  the  doctor  to  him,  commanding  his  fervants  to  ftay  without.  He  r  ok  him  clofern him  and  laid,  what  do  you  think?  Mr.  Bowles  has  preffed  le  wry  hard  to, flay  here  Zd  li  re fit  the  king,  affurmg  me  that  1  Jh all  have  great  afiftance.  The  dodtor  flirted  at  the  boll mife  XNo  rr  t,0H’  U  nd  rfSd  Che  S“eral  Whethcr  he  had  m  3  d  e  Bow/fsa  n  y  f “h p  ' Sc  ** his  jhirl knew  what  be  intended  to  do,  he  would  pull  it  off  and  burn  it.  The'  doctor's  ItmWcf tion  of  it  to  the  general  was  defigned  to  entreat  him  to  deep  between  York  and  the  w  d  of London  ;  and  when  he  came  within  them,  then  to  open  his  eyes  and  conlidpr  w uT to  (  o.  This  advice  the  doctor  backed  with  fuch  other  reafo.ns  as  he  thought  moft  prevalent Nor  was  it  the  general  only  that  was  ftrongly  follicited  to  declare  for  thf  kinTl^  feme of  his  officers  were  alio  fet  upon  and  promifed  great  rewards  for  fo  dnin^  r>  „  f  e W.1S  fo  model!  as  only  to  demand  to  be  made  lord  high  chancellor  of  Eh  ol  a  |d  fo?  thatfCTvfee ItZTtZ 1  my  aUth0r  fir  “  “ld  d-  general  after  the  tmg  lame claMcteu"^  of  S  Pat||hetB  ?  ti  fT'  ^  ^ f“m  to  *ith  I''  ra^fyr‘‘"‘P. «  Wefiminfter a'littll  furthl  tdZvinf  recelvld  orders from  them  to  march  up  to  London,  ,n  requital  of  their  kindnefs,  he  publicklylaned  one  rf  his 1 73 A. 1659. »  <").T,he  i',fe  of  EcncraI  Mmi paMiHied  from  the  original MS  of  Dr.  Skinner  by  W.WtbJltr,  8“  Lada  i7iS (0)  Aid.  Hutton. if)  London,  for  John  Vade.  1680. Y  y 2 officers J7  4 A.  1659. A.  1660. May  1 1 . I The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Booxl. officers  for  faying  this  Monk  will  at  lajl  bring  in  Charles  Stewart.  Commanding  his  other officers  to  do  the  like  to  thofe  under  their  command  that  ffiould  fo  oflend. One  of  thefe  days  the  general  paid  a  vifit  to  the  lord  Fairfax  at  his  country-feat  at  A uu- Ap pie  ton ■,  where  he  and  his  officers  were  magnificently  entertained  at  dinner.  The  fame night  he  returned  again  to  his  quarters  at  York.  Hitherto  the  general  had  marched  about one  hundred  miles  in  length,  from  Coldfiream  to  York,  with  his  army,  by  his  own  foie  au¬ thority  and  difcretion •,  but  here  it  was,  as  I  faid  before,  that  he  recet”  d  orders  horn  that rag  of  government  a tWeJlm'tnfter ,  to  keep  on  his  way  to  London.  It  leems  they  had  taken  no fatisfadlion  at  the  lord  Fairfax's  rifing  in  Yorkfhire  \  though,  fays  my  author,  he  had  pre¬ faced  his  actions  with  the  authority  of  parliament ■,  being  very  well  allured  that  he  had  other defigns  in  it  beyond  their  fafety.  Nor  could  they  be  pleafed  with  general  Monk's  flay  in that  country,  where  he  might  probably  receive  other  impreffions  than  thofe,  they  hoped, he  had  brought  out  of  Scotland  with  him.  Befides  the  union  of  two  fuch  perlons  igainft them,  efteemed  the  belt  generals  in  the  nation,  might  have  given  them  another  kind  of  di- fturbance  than  what  they  had  received  from  Fleetwood  or  Lambert.  They  had  iuft'ered  him to  advance  fo  far,  that  now  they  could  not  decently  command  him  back  to  Scotland ,  with¬ out  fome  difobligation  to  the  general  and  difguft  to  his  army  •,  nor  were  they  fure  of  their own  forces  in  London  -,  and  therefore,  though  much  again  ft  their  ilomachs,  they  were  conftraii  ed to  authorife  general  Monk's  advance  thither,  rather  than  leave  him  any  longer  in  Yorkjhire. Upon  receiving  his  orders,  by  auditor  Tompfon ,  to  remove  all  umbrage  and  apprehenfion from  his  worthy  mailers  above,  he  refolved  to  reduce  his  army-,  and  mom  York  he  lent  back major  Morgan  into  Scotland  with  two  regiments  ct  horfe  and  foot.  1  he  general  had  ul'ed the  bell  means  in  his  power  to  fecure  that  nation  before  he  left  it-,  yet  not  well  allured  ot the  bufy  humour  of  the  Scots,  he  thought  it  his  bell  way  to  fend  Morgan  back-,  in  order  to keep  together  a  confiderable  referve,  in  cafe  the  general  ffiould  have  need,  or  have  loft  a battle  in  England.  At  York,  alfo,  he  left  another  regiment  under  the  command  of  colonel Fairfax  -,  who  being  a  native  of  this  county,  and  very  well  allied  and  efteemed  amongit them,  lay  the  fame  authorities,  was  the  moft  proper  perl  on  to  be  entrufted  with  the  care  of the  city,  and  the  fafety  of  the  county.  And  now  having  reduced  his  army  to  |uft  lour  thou¬ fand  foot  and  eighteen  hundred  horfe,  a  number  feemingly  infigmficant  to  attempt  a  revolu¬ tion  with,  he  marched  out  of  York,  Jan.  16.  and  went  in  two  days  to.  Mansfield  in  Not  ting - hamfhire. Here  I  ffiall  leave  him.  Succefs  attended  all  the  general’s  motions  •,  and  providence  Tin¬ gled  him  out  to  be  the  happy  inftrument  to  reftore  the  king,  and  royal  family,  to  the  throne of  their  anceflors’,  the  church  of  England  to  its  revenues  anO.  difeipiine-,  and  the  laws  of  the land  to  their  ancient  courfe  and  chanel  ;  from  which  they  had  been  fo  long  and  fo  Jhamefully perverted. York  may  be  fuppofed  to  tafte  a  little  of  thofe  joys  which  biffiop  Burnet  fays  the  whole nation  was  drunk  and  mad  with  on  this  memorable  occafion  for  three  yeais  together  (q). The  loyal  citizens  in  it  had  fuffered  extreamly  from  the  rigid  governnment  of  their  magi- ftrates  impofed  upon  them  after  the  rendition.  Sir  Edmond  Cooper  and  the  reft  of  the  aider- men  difplaced  had  funk  under  their  misfortunes,  and  were  all  dead,  fave  one,  before  the happy  reftoration.  But  when  it  was  publickly  known  that  this  change  was  agreed  upon, and  a  proclamation  fent  down  for  that  purpofe,  Charles  II.  was  proclaimed  king  of  Great- Britain ,  &c.  at  York  in  the  following  manner. The  lord-mayor,  aldermen,  and  twenty  four,  on  horfeback  in  their  proper  habits,  pre¬ ceded  the  cavalcade  -,  next  followed  the  chamberlains  and  common-council-men  on  foot  in their  gowns.  Thefe  were  attended  by  more  than  a  thoufand  citizens  under  aims,  and  laftly came  a  troop  of  country  gentlemen,  near  three  hundred,  with  lord  Thomas  Fairfax  at  their head,  who  all  rode  with  their  fwords  drawn  and  hats  upon  their  fwords  points.  Vv  hen  the proclamation  was  read  at  the  ufual  places,  the  bells  rung,  the  cannon  played  from  the  tower, and  the  foldiers  gave  feveral  vollies  of  ffiot.  At  night  were  tar-barrels,  bonfires,  illumina¬ tions,  &c.  with  the  greateft  expreffions  of  joy  that  could  poffibly  be  teftified  on  that  happy deliverance.  And  on The  king’s  birth-day,  and  the  day  of  his  publick  entrance  into  the  city  of  London ,  the loyalty  of  our  citizens  was  in  a  more  efpecial  manner  exprefied.  For,  lays  my  author,  an eye-witnefs,  the  effigies  of  the  late  tyrant  and  ufurper  Oliver  Cromwell  cloathed  in  a  pinked fatten  fuit,  with  that,  adds  he,  of  that  bafe  mifereant  and  unjuft  judge  John  Bradfhaw  ha¬ bited  in  a  judges  robe,  as  likewife  the  helliffi  fcotch  covenant,  and  the  late  ftate’s  arms,  which were  eretfted  in  the  common-hall,  were  all  on  the  fame  day  hung  upon  a  gallows  let  up  for that  purpofe  in  th z  pavement and  at  laft  put  into  three  tar  barrels  and  burnt,  together  with the  gallows,  in  the  prefence  of  one  thoufand  citizens  in  arms,  and  a  multitude  of  other  fpe- dlators. Was  an  infurreftion  in  Yorkfhire,  the  leaders  of  which  were  all  conventicle  preachers,  and old  parliament  foldiers.  Their  pretences  for  this  rebellion  were,  to  redeem  themfelves  from the  excife  and  all  fubfidies  •,  to  re-eftabliffi  a  gofpel  magiftracy  and  miniftry  -,  to  reftore  the (q)  Burnet's  hillory  ofhis  own  times. (r)  Hildyard's  antiq-  0 {York,  1664. long Chap.  V.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. long  parliament  and  to  reform  all  orders  and  degrees  of  men  efpecially  the  lawyers  and  cler¬ gy.  In  order  to  this  they  printed  a  declaration,  or,  according  to  Eaebard,  a  call  to  rebelli¬ on  beginning  with  thefe  words :  If  there  be  any  city,  town  or  county  in  ike  throe  nations  that ■trill  begin  this  righteous  and glorious  work,  £*.  according  to  which  a  great  number  of  them appeared  in  arms  at  Farnley-wood  in  Yorkfijirc.  5  tnoil But  the  time  and  place  of  rendezvous  being  known,  a  body  of  regular  troops  with  fome of  the  county  milit.a  was  fent  againft  them  ;  who  feized  upon  fevera]  and  prevented  the cution  of  their  dcfign  A  commtflion  was  fent  down  to  York  in  the  depth  of  winter  to  try the  principal  leaders  of  them,  and  Thomas  Oats,  Samuel  Ellis  Tnhn  N->ttbtnn  cf  *7  id Nettleton,  jun.  Robert  Scot  William  Tofin,  John  Forjler,  Robert  Olroyd,  Join  AJkwitb^Ve- \T!l"' Cr”‘y’  -M"  Snowden,  John  Smith,  William  Afit,  John  Errmgton,  Robert  Atkins IVt II, am  Cotton,  George  Denham,  Henry  Wat  fin,  Richard  Wilfon,  Ralph Mymer  and  Charle’s Carre  were  condemned  and  executed,  moll  of  them  at  York,  and  three  at  Leeds  Several of  theie  hot-headed  zealots  behaved  very  infolently  upon  their  tryals.  Cornev  hid  the  affu Two  rtAft  a  Cat  he  VdUedhiS  Uf‘  “  —  '*»  *  &  M  “ ,,  (i  1  T  1  r  “ihufiaftical  wretches  were  quartered,  and  their  quarters  let  uu  imon BmthZLh  S'UCS  °f  thHvC,ity'  F,°Ur  °f  their  heads  were  fet  l,Pon  McMlegate-bar-,  thie‘  at Bootham-ba,  ;  one  at  Walmgatebar,  and  three  over  the  caftle  gates.  Thefe  were  the  lift our  qhfy.tha!;  1  ’  '“Cpt:  f°mC  P°pini  priefts>  that  werc  routed  for  high  treafon  in rnSdlltlf\5' r°*  andhisduchefsto  this  city,  and  were  met  on ■  r  '['■■■■'  by  [[1C  dienffs,  and  at  Micklegate-bar  by  the  lord-mayor,  aldermen  fsfr  in then  formalities  on  horfeback,  the  chamberlains  and  common-councifon  foot  Ri  bird Ethl rtnglon  efqu.re,  deputy-recorder,  made  a  fpeech  to  his  highnefs,  which  bein<r  ended  diet MinZtjd  h°Uh’  fd\fterwards  condu&d  to  the  lord  IrJ.Js ratted  hth  Z?T  t  „ a  F rasrcfs  wasmade  by  the  duke  and  duchefs  when  the  plamie laged  nigh  in  London  and  fome  more  fouthern  parts  His  rnv-il  hio-hnpf-  o--,;  \  ‘  ° months  at  York.  1  find  that  on  Saturday  Septe,Z%. to  goto  the  king  and  parliament  then  affembled  at  Oxford.  On  Yucfday  following  the  du exprefiing  their  fenfe^ of  the  great  d ftCnffS’  “d  thc  Wh0le  -y  ‘hewed  to  them  du- When  the  popifh  plots,  bills  of  exclufion,  £*.  ran  high  againft  the  duke  hechofernre wkh  hLThefs"  ATthi'r  °‘.iV'r™fo7his  year  to  York  in  his  journey  to  Edinburgh j  ,  aucneis.  At  this  time  his  highnefs  was  not  received  with  all  the  fnrmsli-^e  oi  * Mr  £  lrdS-  and  aldermen  thought  fit  only  to  attend  him  in  his  prefen ce-chamberlt Wh"eMr-F^>  ^-recorder,  made “  Y°UR  r°P?1  hiShnefs  Is  very  welcome  to  this  ancient  and  loyal  city  which  wlories his  majefty,  your  royal  highnefs,  and  the  whokroyal  family  >•  7  w Notwith Handing  the  warm  expreffions  of  loyalty  which  this  foeerh  re(Kfi« “  My  lord  mayor  and  gentlemen,  ,  „  Ar nr  HL  king  being  g.ven  to  underftand  that  you  did  not  receive  his  roval  kioWc “  the  man^hJ^^Kri  '  h^mTi  ft  WWch  due  »  him,® *  w ;;  as  ms  majelly  has  reafon  to  expeft  *  brother  CldTby My  lord  mayor  and  gentlemen, Superfcribed  Tour  mofi  humble  firvant, “  ff  hij  ™fj}?s fpecial  feroiee,  to  the  lord  mayor  SUNDER  LAND, and  aldermen  of  the  city  of  York. (0  Ex  MS. (t)  Ex  MS. A.  166}. 1.  1666. L.  1679. The 1 7^ A.  1684. A.  1685. A.  1685. A.  1688. the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. The  flight  put  upon  the  king’s  brother,  and  immediate  heir  to  the  crown,  gained  the city  no  onod  will  at  court,  arid  the  magiflracy  at  that  time  being  noted  for  difaffeilion, they  fell  fe  f;r  under  the  king’s  dil'pleafure,  that  a  Sjo  Warrant*  was  granted  againft  them by  kiro  Chirks  II.  in  the  lalt  year  of  his  reign,  to  Ihew  caufe  how  they  came  to  ufurp  to themfelves  fitch  and  fuch  liberties,  £*.  Their  charter  being  alfo  called  tor  to  be  perufcd, was  detained  by  the  miniftry,  nor  was  it  renewed  to  them  in  this  king’s  reign.  The  pro- ceedings  in  this  matter  will  tall  apter  under  another  head  of  this  work  ;  and  1  (hall  only  fay here,  that  king  "fames  the  fecund  liiccecding  his  brother  in  the  throne,  notwithstanding  any diftafte  he  might  have  taken  at  the  citizens  of  York ,  upon  their  humble  petition  to  him, <r ranted  them  a  new,  full  and  extenfivc  charter;  in  whiclt  indeed  care  was  taken  to  remove, byname,  fevcr.il  magiltrates  and  common-cot  n  il-mer,  whom  he  fufpefted  not  to  be  in  his interefl,  'from  their  offices.  The  government  of  the  city  was  alfo  taken  from  the  ford-mayor, and  given  to  fir  "John  Rerejby,  baronet,  foon  after  reprefentative  in  parliament,  alfo,  for the  city  of  York. The  king  at  this  time  having  called  a  parliament,  the  candidates  for  the  city  were  fir  John lirr  eOsy,  li?  Metcalf  Robin/on,  baronets,  and  Toby  Jenkius-tnA  James  Moyftr,  efquires.  The ftruaglc  was  great,  and  1  find  by  an  entry  ill  the  city’s  books  that  die  two  former  being chofen,  the  other  in  refentment  caufed  five  aldermen,  who  were  much  in  the  elefted  mem¬ bers  i-tercft,  to  be  reprcfented  at  court  as  ditalfefted  o  ire  government.  Their  names  were Ek,  k,  Herbert,  Edward  Ybompfon  and  Weller-,  all  ire  laid  aldermen,  except Herbert,  'with  fome  of  the  common-council,  rep.tl  nted  as  difloyal  in  like  manner,  were Adzed  on  by  an  order  of  king  and  council  June  29,  and  fent  prifoners  to  Hull ;  where  they remained  till  the  251  ejrjt.lt  following.  Wntm,  the  duke  of  Monmouth's  rebellion  being qua  flic  i,  they  were  releafcd  ;  and,  notwithflandingthe  new  charter  was  not  yet  comedown, they  took  their  places  in  their  own  court  as  ufu.il. At  the  ftimmer  affizes  the  year  before,  I  find  that  the  lord  chief  juffice  Jefferys  came down  to  Jerk,  as  one  of  the  judges  of  affize  for  this  circuit,  and  the  mayor  and  aldermen beines  advifed  to  wait  upon  him  to  know  his  majeity’s  pleaiure  concerning  the  city  in  the ftate°it  was,  accordingly  did;  and,  as  the  entry  in  the  city’s  books  declares,  after  a  fpeech made  to  him  by  Mr.  Pruitt,  the  city’s  council,  his  lordfhip  expreffed  himfelf  to  thisefteft, That  the  kin g  expelled  nothing  but  the  government  of  the  city  to  be  at  his  difpo/e-,  and  if  the  mayor moult  .  .  an  I  •>  -  m  "  '  ■  1  '  '  ;;  10 the  effeS  propofol,  he  would  take  care,  lo  get  it  . frefented,  and  doubted  note  a  gracious  anfwer  m a  week's  time  '  In  the  mean  while  all  things  Jhould  Jland  in  flatu  quo.  A  petition  was  accor¬ dingly  drawn  up,  and  prefented  to  the  lord  chief  juftice;  who  approved  of  it  and  fent  it up  to  the  king.  And,  in  the  fecond  week  of  the  affizes,  being  invited  to  dinner  at  the  ci¬ ty’s  charge  lie  was  treated  at  the  lord  mayor’s  houfe,  and  then  and  there  the  lord  chief  ju- ftice  declared  he  had  received  an  account,  that  his  Jpay  \y  was  welipleafed  ■with  tl  a lion  andakred  them  that  they Jbtndd  have  n  n  w  charter,  with  that  protvifo  or  refervation  only of  having  It  r  nomination  and  approbation  of  the  in  tgifirales  and  perfins  in  office  /herein. '  But  as  I  laid  before,  the  renewal  of  their  charter  by  this  king  was  prevented  by  his death  !  which  happened  Feb.  6,  1  63  ?.  And  James  the  Second  was  the  king  who  granted our  city  the  laft  charter  it  has  had  ;  an  abllract  ol  which  may  be  met  with  in  the  following chapter  Great  was  the  joy  the  citizens  teftified  on  that  occafion  ;  an  account  of  which  was fent  up' to  London  and  printed  in  the  Gazette,  from  which  authority  I  give  it. Londan-Gazette ,  anno  1685.  N°  2060. “  York  Aug  8.  This  evening  was  brought  hither  his  majefly’s  moil  royal  charter  to  this <  city  by  fir  Henry  Thempfon  of  CdJIlegate  and  Mr.  Scot ;  being  met  at  fome  d.flance  from a  hence  by  a  great  many  irorfe  and  foot,  to  the  number  of  near  five  thoufand,  and  received .  at  the  gate  of  the  city  by  the  lord-mayor,  aldermen,  and  common-council  in  their  forma- .  lilies  ;°who  palled  from  thence,  arnidfl  the  continued  acclamations  of  the  people,  with <  drums  beating  and  trumpets  founding,  to  the  lord-mayor’s  houfe  ;  where  the  whole  com- •  pany  drank  their  majefty’s  healths.  The  flreets  were  filled  with  bonfires,  the  mufick .  played,  the  bells  rung,  and  nothing  was  omitted  that  might  on  this  occafion  exptefs  the <  duty  and  loyalty  of  the  inhabitants  of  this  city.” Our  city  continued  to  fhew  their  loyalty  and  gratitude,  to  this  unfortunate  king  ;  and  on ■very  publick  occafion  took  care  to  addrefs  his  majefty  with  the  warmed  expreffions  of  love ind  duty  to  his  perfon  and  government.  Particularly,  I  find  entered  m  the  city  s  books  of ■hat  year,  that  7ti»e  1 8,  1688,  upon  the  news  brought  to  the  city  that  the  queen  was  deli¬ vered  of  a  young  prince,  the  lord-mayor,  Yhomas  Raynes,  aldermen,  fheriifs,  four  and ■wenty  and  common-council,  did  with  a  full  corifent  agree  that  the  lord-mayor  fhould  go  to London,  to  addrefs  the  king  upon  the  joyful  news  of  the  prince’s  birth,  and  that  fir  Henry Yhomifon,  fir  Stephen  Thmpfin  knights,  and  alderman  Sbackleton,  with  Mr.  (her  1  ft  Bell  and Mr.  Ybomas  Ybompfin,  fhould  accompany  the  faid  lord-mayor  to  court  on  this  occafion. Ordered  alfo,  at  the  fame  time,  that  the  faid  lord-mayor,  aldermen,  and  twenty  four fhould  have  two  gallons  of  wine  to  drink  the  kings,  queens  and  young  prince  s  healths;  and the  commons  four  gallons,  for  the  like  purpofe,  all  at  the  publick  expence.  1  he  addrefs Chap.  V.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. icidt  is  either  through  careleffnefs  or  willfulnefs  loft  from  the  city’s  books  *,  but,  upon  fearch into  the  Gazettes  ot  that  year,  which  I  have  been  favoured  with  the  loan  of,  I  find  this  very addrds  entered  in  thefe  words  : London-Gazette.  N°.  2368.  From  Thurfday  July  26.  to  Monday  July  30.  168S. To  the  king's  mojl  excellent  jnajefy. “  May  it  pleafe  your  majejly , “  np HE  mayor,  aldermen,  and  commons  of  your  majefty’s  ancient  and  loyal  city  ot ,  “  Tork  werc  tranfported  with  joy  at  the  birth  of  the  young  prince  ;  and  after  they .i.ii;  made  what  demonftrations  they  could  at  home  of  their  rejoicing,  thought  it  their  duty to  fend,  and  have  fent,  fome  of  the  principal  members  of  their  body  to  congratulate  your “  majefty  for  J'o  great  and  extraordinary  a  blefting  both  to  your  majefty  and  your  fubjedts. rlie  great  God,  who  hath  at  fundry  times  miraculoufly  preferved  your  majefty,  both  at “  fea  and  land,  hath  at  this  time  enlarged  his  blefiings  to  your  majefty  and  your  people “  °y  siv,n§  us  a  royal  prince;  who,  we  pray,  may  long  live  to  inherit  the  virtues  and ‘‘  crown  ol  his  anceftors  ;  and  that  there  may  never  want  one  of  your  royal  family  to  fway 11  n  11  |PCer°^  tke^e  kingdoms’  P°r  tke  ^llPPort  and  maintenance  whereof  we  are,  and “  J-iall  aJways  be,  ready  to  facrifice  our  lives  and  fortunes.  And  that  the  God  of  heaven *c  would  be  gracioufly  pleafed  to  fhower  down  his  bleffings  upon  your  majefty,  your  royal 4  ‘  confort,  the  young  prince,  and  the  whole  royal  family  is  the  hearty  prayer  of  us, Tour  majejly' s  mojl  dutiful,  obedient  and  loyal  fubjefis,  &c. “  Which  addrefs  his  majefty  received  very  gracioufly. Tt  was  not  long  after  this  when  the  tide  beginning  to  turn  againft  king  James ,  the  affe¬ ctions  and  declarations  of  his  people  took  alfo  the  fame  bent.  But  as  the  fprin^s  and  mo¬ tions  of  this  great  revolution  are  fo  dark  and  intricate  to  find  out,  that  many  people  have been  crufhed  to  death  in  endeavouring  of  if,  and  being,  alfo,  fomewhat  foreign  to  my  pur- pole,  1  111  all  here  chufe  to  conclude  my  annals .  T 11  fapiens  finire  memento ,  Paid  a  brother  hi- toria.i  of  mine  upon  fomewhat  a  like  occafion.  There,  likewife,  have  been  no  royal  vifits paid  to  our  city  from  any  fucceeding  crowned  heads,  or  any  of  their  family,  from  the  date above.  And  nothing  of  publiclc  tranfadtions,  except  the  feveral  proclamations  for  peace  or war,  and  of  the  feveral  monarchs,  having  happened  here  worthy  notice,  I  cannot  find  a  fit¬ ter  period  to  put  an  end  to  this  long  difeourfe.  But,  in  order  to  preferve  the  character  of  an impartial  hiftorian,  which  I  have  all  along  endeavoured  to  do  through  the  whole  courfe  of thefe  annals,  I  fhall  conclude  them  with  a  copy  of  another  addrefs  of  a  different  nature  from tne  former,  though  not  much  different  in  date,  and  from  the  felf- fame  people. “  To  the  high  and  mighty  prince  William  Henry  prince  of  Orange. “  The  humble  addrefs  of  the  lord-mayor  and  commonalty  of  the  city  of  York. “  WE  ^  l0rd  may°r,  and  commonalty  of  the  city  of  Tork ,  being  deeply  fenfible  of j  “  God  almighty’s  great  bleffmg  upon  this  nation  in  inclining  your  princely  heart “  to  hazard  your  fell  and  fortune  for  the  refeuing  the  proteftant  religion,  laws  and  liberties “  °*  r  .  s  kingdom,  out  of  the  hands  of  thofe  who  have  facrificed  them  all  to  their  boundlefs cc  malice  ;  do  render  our  due  and  humble  thanks  to  your  highnefs  for  fo  tranfeendent  a  bene- “  t0  tIie  nation,  whereof  your  highnefs  (next  under  God)  hath  apparently  been  the  foie 41  1  n  It  rumen  t.  And  as  we  have  been  the  earlieft  of  thofe  (who  were  not  under  the  imme- 14  diate  protection  of  your  highnefs’s  army)  that  have  fhewed  our  felves  and  joined  with  the lC  ^ar*  dJanby  and  others  of  your  highnefs’s  friends  in  fo  glorious  a  defign,  fo  we  (asear- 44  ly  as  our  diftance  from  your  highnefs  can  admit)  do  moft  humbly  and  heartily  congratu- 44  late  your  happy  fuccefs,  and  promife  ftill  to  (land  by  your  highnefs  in  defence  of  the  pro- 44  tel  tan  t  religion  and  the  laws  of  the  kingdom  to  the  utmoft  peril  of  our  lives  and  fortunes; 44  wi filing  to  your  highnefs  length  of  days  and  an  happy  iffue,  and  increafe  of  honour  pro- 44  portionable  to  your  great  worth,  and  that  all  your  enterprizes  may  be  crowned  with 44  fuccefs. “  te(l»m°ny  whereof  we  have  hereunto  put  our  common  feal  the  fourteenth  day “  ot  December,  anno  Aomini  168S.  ' Zz 177 A. 168S. CHAP. 178 the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES Book  I, CHAP.  VI. the  oovernment  of  the  city  during  the  times  of  Romans,  Saxons, Danes  and  Normans ;  with  the  prefent  government  by  a  lord-mayor, aldermen ,  fhenffs,  &c.  the  ancient  and  prefent  navigation  of  the river  Oufe.  Of  the  gilds,  crafts,  trades  and  fraternities ,  fran- chifes,  liberties,  charters ,  gifts  and  donations,  privileges  granted  to the  community  of  the  city,  with  their  by-laws,  ancient  cujloms, fairs,  markets,  & c. I  Shall  not  take  upon  me  to  defcribe  what  form  of  government  the  Britons  utz&  in  their cities,  before  the  Romans  conquered  them ;  nor,  indeed,  does  their  chief  hiftonographer GefFry  Mon.  how  particular  he  may  be  in  other  matters  of  lets  moment,  ever  touch upon  this.  It  was  the  cuftom  in  the  primary  ages  of  the  world,  when  a  more  avil.zed  had conquered  a  more  barbarous  race  of  men,  to  perfuade  them,  or  drive  them,  into  cities, towns  and  communities;  in  order  to  cultivate  a  better  underftanding  of  human  nature  a- mongftthem,  and  wear  off  that  fivage  difpof.tion,  which  they  neceffar.ly  muff  have  ac¬ quired  under  a  more  loofe  and  neglefted  difcipline.  The  (a)  author  of  the  hie  oC  Alexander the  rreat  tells  us,  that  he  built,  through  all  his  conquefts,  at  leaft,  feventy  cities  ;  and  had them  peopled  with  the  natives  of  the  countries,  where  mailers  ot  fciences  were  placed  to teach  and  inftrufl  them.  This  courfe,  according  to  thtftoick,  was  taken  long  before  Alex¬ ander,  by  Thefeus ,  when  he  undertook  the  government  ot  the  Athenian  repubhek  ;  and laid  the  foundation  of  the  moll  civilized  and  moll  learned  body  of  men  the  lun  ever  faw. - ingenuas  didicijfe  fideliter  artes , Emollit  mores ,  nec  finit  ejfe  feros , lays  Ovid-,  and  to  this  day  the  Portuguefe,  and  Spaniards,  endeavour,  by  drawing  them  in¬ to  cities  and  towns,  to  wear  off  the  natural  rough  behaviour,  and  reftrain  the  favage  lives of  the  Brazilians ,  and  other  Americans.  _ Thus  if  it  be  difputed  that  the  Romans  found  us  a  city,  it  can  never  be  denied  that  they made  us  one;  and,  probably,  with  the  fame  politick  view  as  above.  1  he  poor  Britons were  utter  ftrangers  to  men  and  manners,  and  took  their  firft  leffons  from  the  Romans  with a  very  froward  difpofition.  Unwilling  to  leave  their  ancient  barbarous  cuftoms,  they  fre¬ quently  rebelled  againft  their  mailers,  who  were  forced  to  rule  them  with  a  rod  of  iron, and  break  them  as  they  would  the  wildefl  and  fierceft  horfe.  Nay,  io  ingrafted  was  this natural  principle  of  favage  liberty  in  them,  that  fome  who  have  had  more  than  01  dinary  care taken  of  their  education,  and  been  carried  children  to  Rome  for  that  purpofe,  have  at  their return  diverted  themfelves  of  their  reafon,  as  well  as  cloths,  and  run  naked  into  the  moun¬ tains,  to  ftarve  amongft  their  few  unconquered  countrymen  (b).  .  Like  the  Hottentots  oi  A- frica ,  who  have  thrown  off  the  fined  garments,  and  left  the  choiceft  diet,  to  bcimear  their bodies  with  (linking  greafe,  and  fall  to  gnawing,  again,  of  dirty  guts  and  garbage  (c) The  fierce  untameable  difpofition  of  the  Britons ,  made  it  abfolutely  necefiary  to  keep them  in  great  awe  ;  which  could  not  be  done  but  by  a  fettled  body  of  regular  troops  in  the ifland,  and  the  ftri<5left  military  difcipline.  A  Roman  colony  was  therefore  thought  proper to  be  fettled  at  Eboracvm.  That  it  was  a  Colony ,  and  not  a  Municipium ,  is  mdifputably evident  from  Mr.  Camden's  Roman  coin,  and  funeral  infeription  mentioned  before ;  it  is  here therefore  neceffary  to  explain  thofe  two  models  of  Roman  government. A  colony  was  always  drawn  out  of  the  city  of  Rome  itlelf,  when  they  wanted  lupplies ; whereas  a  municipium  were  natives  of  fome  conquered  country,  made  free  and  enjoying  the fame  privileges  with  the  citizens  of  Rome  within  their  own  diftrift.  This  was  the  Hate  of Vervlamivm,  called  fince  by  the  Britons  Caer  Municipii ,  and  fome  others  in  this  pro¬ vince  ( d),  who  either  had  this  favour  granted  them,  or  elfe  the  free  ufe  of  their  own  conrti- tutions.  Our  learned  antiquary,  Camden ,  fays,  that  it  was  not  ftrange  for  a  colony  to  be changed  into  a  municipium  at  the  requeft  of  the  inhabitants ;  yet  Eboracvm  never  was,  and probably,  for  this  reafon,  not  becaufe  the  native  inhabitants  could  not  obtain  iuch  a  favour, which  cannot  be  fuppofed  •,  but,  that  it  being  the  fettled  ftation  of  a  large  army  of  Roman. (a)  SfCurtius. (&)  Lattgborn  ant  Albion. (c)  Hilt,  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope. (d)  NenniuJ.  H.  Hunt. foldiers, Chap.  VI.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. foldiers,  they  muft  be  governed  after  the  military  manner.  There  were  under  the  Roman difeipline  two  forts  of  colonies ,  the  one  civil  drawn  out  from  amongft  the  Togaii  or  gowned citizens  of  Rome,  as  well  as  the  mixed  fort  of  people  ;  the  other  military ,  taken  out  of  legions and  cohorts ,  when  they  were  paft  fervice;  and  fettled  in  cities,  towns  or  elfewhem,  as  a  re¬ ward  for  their  blood  fpent  in  the  fervice  of  the  commonwealth.  The  former  of  thefe  became many  times  free  boroughs,  municipia ,  in  the  empire,  but  the  latter  never  fo;  it  being thought  derogatory  that  fuch  as  had  born  arms  fliould  admit  of  ftn  inferior  and  lei's  glorious condition-,  much  lei's,  fays  the  learned  Burton  ( e),  when  a  whole  legion  had,  by  the  benefi¬ cence  and  large  indulgence  of  fuccefiive  emperors,  fat  down  any  where,  as  here  at  Ebora- CVM. Notwkhftanding  what  has  been  faid,  I  take  this  city  to  have  been  governed  by  both  the civil  and  military  Laws;  and  therefore  Vi Bor  is  not  fo  much  in  the  wrong,  Camden would  make  him,  when  he  fays,  ipeaking  of  the  death  of  the  emperor  i $  events,  fietpue  mullo pojl  Brit  ani  ae  municipio,  cui  Ebor  aci  nomen,  morbo  extinblus  eft  (f).  That  the  civil  law and  power  was  executed  in  it  in  thofe  days,  I  fuppofe  no  body  will  deny  that  has  read  the former  part  of  this  work.  That  here  was  the  Praetor  ivm,  tribunal  or  chief  place  of  ju¬ dicature  which  once  gave  lav/  to  the  whole  empire ;  and  where  the  emperor  himfelf  fometime fat  in  perlon,  is  indisputable.  What  greater  title  can  any  city  in  the  world,  except  Rome, claim  for  being  a  municipium  as  well  as  a  colony,  and  the  enjoying  every  other  privilege  that could  be  granted  (g)  ?  Befides  Papinian,  the  judge  advocate  of  this  high  court  at  York,  Ulpian , P aulus,  &c.  were  fucceftors  to  him  in  the  tribunal,  after  the  execrable  murder  of  the  for¬ mer  (h)  ;  and  no  doubt  it  continued  in  the  fame  ftate,  though  in  a  leffer  degree  fometimes, till  the  declenfion  of  the  empire. Thus  I  may  venture  to  fay  that,  under  the  Roman  government  in  this  ifland,  our  city  \va& a  perfect  model  of  the  great  city  itfelf,  and  it  was  no  vanity,  in  fome  old  authors  (i),  to  call it  Altera  Roma.  For,  indeed,  it  was  Rome,  in  little,  having  the  fame  lineaments  and proportions,  though  in  a  Idler  compafs ;  compofed  of  the  lame  magistrates  ;  ruled  by  the fame  laws  ;  governed  by  a  like  civil  and  military  power  as  the  parent  city  was ;  and,  confe- quently,  muft,  in  every  refpeft,  be  its  true  pi  blur  e  in  immature. How  Rome  was  governed  by  her  priefts,  civil  magistrates,  praetors,  tfc.  with  the  military power  of  legions  and  cohorts,  although  it  might  not  be  improper  here  to  treat  on,  yet  I  am unwilling  to  fwell  this  book  to  too  great  a  bulk  by  filling  it  with  other  mens  works.  I  lhall beg  the  reader’s  excufe  therefore,  if  it  be  judged  a  negleft;  the  learned  world  have  been fufficiently  inftrufted  in  thefe  matters  l?y  abler  pens  than  mine,  and  I  am  not  forry  the  thread ol  this  difeourfe  will  not  fuller  me  to  break  into  it. So  much  has  been  wrote  already  concerning  the  ftate  of  our  city  after  the  departure  of  the Romans,  to  the  conqueft  of  the  ifland  by  the  Sdxons ,  that  I  lhall  not  need  to  recapitulate. Such  an  effufion  of  blood,  fo  many  murders,  and  fuch  a  general  devaluation  enfued,  that  no account  can  be  given  of  a  government  fo  diftrafted  and  torn  by  civil  difienfions,  as  well  as foreign  invafions.  Nor,  indeed,  when  the  Saxons  became  entire  lords  and  mafters,  and  had divided  the  land  into  feven  fhares,  can  any  thing  be  gathered  from  hiftorians,  about  the civil  government  of  a  city  ;  when  all  controverfies,  both  publickand  private,  feem  to  have been  decided  by  the  fword.  It  is  true  when  Edwin  the  great  had  fubdued  his  neighbour kings,  and  was  recognized  firft  foie  monarch  of  Englijhmen ,  we  are  told  by  Bede  (k)  that  he enabled  fuch  wholfome  laws,  and  caufed  them  to  be  fo  ft  rift  ly  obferved,  that  a  weak  woman might  have  walked  over  all  the  if  and,  with  her  newborn  babe,  without  let  or  impediment.  York, the  capital  city  of  the  Northumbrian  kingdom,  was  Edwin's  chief  feat  of  refidence,  and  we may  believe  it  tailed,  not  a  little,  of  the  mildnefs  of  the  times.  But  Edwin's  reign  was Jhort,  and  fierce  wars  again  fucceeding,  fometimes  betwixt  Saxons  and  Saxons,  at  other  times betwixt  Saxons  and  Danes,  our  city  and  the  kingdom  of  Northumberland  v/as  governed  by a  fucceffion  of  tyrants,  as  each  could  cut  the  throat  of  his  competitor  ;  till  Edred,  who  be¬ came  another  univerfal  monarch,  changed  the  government  from  a  kingdom  to  an  earldom, and  made  one  Ofulph ,  an  Englifhman ,  firft  earl  of  Northumberland. The  jurifdiction  of  this  earl  was  near  equal  to  the  former  kings ;  he  was  called  by  the Saxons  Galbop  nan,  Ealdcrman ,  which  was  antiently  an  appellation  annexed  to  a  place  of great  trull:  and  honour,  though  now  transferred  to  officers  of  lefs  note.  The  Latin  word  for this  name  was  Comes ,  and  when  Alfred  the  great  divided  the  kingdom  into  counties  and ffiires,  he  appointed  jrtjliciarii,  and  vicecomites,  through  them,  to  govern  inftead  of  the  Eal- dermen,  or  earls  of  them  (l).  Thus  the  ScypejemoV,  which  was  a  court  kept  twice  a (e)  Ant.  itin. (f)  Sextus  Aurelius  ViBor  in  Severn. (s)  To  (Irengthen  this  argument,  fome  editions  of  An¬ toninus's  itin.  have  Ebvracvm  mpm.  vi.  vjctr. m.  p.xvii.  which  is  read  Eburacum  municipium fextae ViBricis,  mill.  pajf.  xvii.  Itin.  Gale. (h)  Duck  de  jure  civ, (i)  Alcuin.  Ebor .  Harrifin's  defeription  of  Britain. (k )  - tan t a  autem  eo  tempore  pax  in  Britania,  qua- quaverfim  i super i urn  regis  Aedwini  pervener.it ,  fuiJJ'e perbibetur ,  ut  ficut  ufque  hodie  in  proverbio  dicitur ;  etiam fi  mu  Her  una  cum  recens  nato  parvulo  vellet  tot  am  peram- bulare  infulam  a  tnari  ad  mare ,  nullo  fe  laedente  valent. Ven.  Bedae  hill. {1)  Selden. 1 79 year. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. year,  as  the  Jheriff's  I  urn  is  at  this  day,  was  held  firft  by  the  hi  Hop  of  the  dioceis  and  the caherman,  anti  afterwards  by  the  bijhop  and  Jheriff.  where  both  the  ecclefiaftica)  and  tempu- ral  laws  were  together,  given  in  charge  to  the  county  (m;.  1 As  ,t  was  with  the  county  fo  it  muft  be  with  the  city,  for  I  can  find  no  account  of  anv iep.irate  junkhcuon,  nor  any  officers  of  its  own,  except  military  ones,  as  governours  He “  !  a,n  i’Se  or  tvvo  afer  thls'  .  The  conqueror  was  very  lparing  in  granting  charters’  and pi  i  vi  leges  to  any  city  or  town  in  this  kingdom  ;  and  the  city  of  Turk  might  well  be  farthdf T,m  txps'cttng  any  fuch  favours  from  him.  Old  Fabian  writes,  that  in  this  milium' s  days tacie  was  a  hr. oft  no  Englijhman  that  bore  any  office  of  honour  or  rule.  Ikotobetf  adds f“mf.  dm!c  !)' ■  fahourcD  the  citee  of  London,  ana  grauntco  unto  the  citcscns  the  firft (hatter  that  rucr  tljcp  IjaD,  the  mhiclj  is  torittcn  in  the  Saxon  toiigc,  ant)  feleo  Vutth  urccn luarc,  ana  cvp^effcD  in  cigljt  o.i  npnc  lines  («).  ^  * No^tMandmgth,,  neither  Fabian,  who  is  very  particular  in  the  affairs  of  London,  nor >u  Mr  Stowe,  mention  any  mayor,  or  even  bayliffs  to  govern  that  city  till  the  firft  of Ar;';!  L  when,  by  that  king’s  efpecial  favour,  at  his  coronation,  two  bayliffs  were  un¬ pointed  and  continued  annually  to  be  chofen  out  of  the  body  of  the  commons,  till  the  tenth of  king  John  ;  who  at  their  earned  fuit,  fays  Fabian,  granted  them  licence,  by  his  letters patents,  to  chufe  a  mayor  and  two  fheriffs,  inftead .of  bayliffs  ;  which  has  ever  fince  con¬ tinued  to  be  the  pra&ice  in  that  city. 1  he  titles  of  poitrcfcc  and  15urglpetiC  the  Saxons  beftowed  upon  the  counts  of  cities  or gieat  towns-,  lo _ SpatrcfjgrcfJC,  whence  the  French  marquis,  count  of  the  frontiers;  LanDt- srebe,  count  of  provinces,  and  our  ^Ijtrcrcbe,  from  ©rafce  or  (Ercbc,  a  count  or  chief  of¬ ficer,  in  each  diftncl  (a).  Old  Fabian  mentions  potfgrctJC  to  be  the  name  of  the  sovernour ct  the  city  o  London  before,  and  after,  the  conqueil.  S'owc  has  given  us  the  proper  names of  iome  of  them,  as  in  a  grant  from  Edward  the  confelTor  directed  in  thefe  words:  Edward Kins  smtctl)  Alfward  15.  anD  Wolfgrave  mg  poftgrcbc,  nnD  all  tfje  burgeffes  in  London. r°  ch,lt  Sranc  of  the  conquerors  was  directed  to  W.  btfljop  anD  Godfry  poftgrcbc-  &c.  (n). riom  whence  I  conclude  that  this  portreeve  was  the  lame  within  the  city  as  the  flurmftie without,  and  atfted  equally  in  confort  with  the  biffiop  of  the  place. But  what  I  infer  from  all  this,  is,  that  the  governour  of  our  city  muft  have  had  the  fame appellation  as  the  chief  magiftrate  of  London ,  though  we  are  not  fo  happy  as  to  find  out any  records  to  vouch  it.  The  dreadful  fire  and  devaftation,  which  happened  at  the  conqueft not  only  deftroyed  the  records  of  the  metropolitan  church  but  thole  of  the  city  alfo.  And anno  1137,  another  fire,  but  cafual,  confumed  the  whole  city,  and  in  it  all  that  was  faved from  the  former;  fo  that  nothing,  fo  antient,  can  be  expected  from  that  quarter.  Hifto- ry,  however,  is  not  altogether  filent  in  our  caufe,  but  gives  us  the  name  of  a  mayor  of i?™'  J1 8her  t,un  the  dates  of  either  the  mayors,  or  even  bayliffs,  of  the  city  of  London King  Stephen,  at  his  rebuilding  of  St.  Peter’s  hofpital,  and  endowing  it  with  his  threavesof com,  commanded  Nigel,  then  mayor  of  Fork,  to  deliver  up  a  place  in  the  city,  near  the welt  wall,  to  receive  the  poor  and  lame  in.  This  is  mentioned  by  Stowe  in  his  chronicle, as  well  as  others;  and  though  the  year  is  not  taken  notice  of,  yet  Stephen  dying  anno  1 1  c  2  ’ muft  make  it,  at  leaft,  forty  years  before  Richard  I .  gave  bayliffs  to  the  city  of  London  •  or fixty  years  before  their  firft  mayor. from  this  Nigel  to  the  firft  of  Edward  I,  anno  1273,  nor  regifter-books,  nor  hiftories mention  the  names  of  mayors  and  bayliffs  of  this  city  ;  I  mean  thofe  regifters  belonging  to the  city  ;  but,  in  an  old  leiger-book  of  the  famous  abby  of  Fountains,  which  I  ha^ebeen favoured  with  the  loan  of,  I  have  recovered  the  names  of  fome  mayors  and  feveral  bayliffs before  the  date  above  ;  which  have  been  witneffes  to  grants  of  houfes,  &V.  antiently  be¬ ftowed  on  that  monaftery,  within  the  city  of  York.  For  though  we  are  allured  by  fome grants  of  king  John  and  Henry  III,  inferibed  s majori  ct  civibus  Ebor  ;  that  there  were  mayors and  bayliffs  in  the  city,  in  thofe  kings  reigns,  yet  none  of  their  names  occurred,  till  this venerable  relitft  of  antiquity  not  only  difeovered  fome  of  our  antient  fenators  to  us,  before unknown,  but  alfo  leveral  dignitaries  of  the  cathedral.  Copies  of  all  fuch  grants  as'refer  to thefe,  as.  well  as  other,  affairs  in  the  city,  may  be  feen  in  thq  appendix.  There  are  alfo other  antient  teftimonies  of  mayors  and  bayliffs  belonging  to  this  city,  before  the  date  a- bove  mentioned,  all  which  I  have  entered  in  the  catalogue  as  the  reader  may  obferve. Having  proved  that  the  city  of  York  was  very  antiently  governed  by  a  mayor  and  bay- l.  fjs  I  fhall  next  fhew  the  change  to  a  lord-mayor  and  two  JE riffs ;  which,  with  a  recorder , twelve  aldermen,  twenty-four,  as  they  are  called,  afliftants,  ieventy  two  common- council-men, with  eight  chamberlains ,  compote  the  body  that  governs  the  city  of  York  at  this  day. The  etymology  of  whole  leveral  names  I  fhall  juft  touch  upon,  and  firft  of  the  word mayor. „  The  word  or  major:  which  the  Cambrc-Entons  call  maer  ;  the  Low  Dutch  and Germans  £Bcvcr,  all  fignify  the  lame  as  the  Latin  Praetor  (q).  Verjlegan  has  given  a  good  de¬ ft)  Omni  cotnitatu ,  bit  quotannit  eonveniut out  Jam  il/ius  dtoccjn  epifeopsis  H  fenacor  1 quorum  alter  jura  diviua ,  butr.au a  alter  pot ato.  Dudg ■  orig.  jud. %itor,  cut t erf  unto  ; tlum  edo- (><)  Fabian's  chron. (a)  Se/ Jen's  r i  c  of  ho n. (p)  Stowe's  Airvcy  of  London. (?)  Skinner's  ctym.  didt. * Cuap.VI.  »/  the  CITY  of  YORK.  t8t finicion  of  this  word,  not  in,  deriving  it  from  the  Latin  major,  as  fome  erroneoufly  have done,  but  from  the  old  Englifh  word  mtlCC,  powerful,  able  from  die  verb  map  poffum. I.n  Juvenal  the  word  poteflas  is  made  ufe  on  in  the  fame  fen fe  with  the  Italian  podefia,  and the  French  maire  du  palais ,  praefettus  praetorio ,  or  praetor.  Davis,  another  etymologift*  de¬ rives  it  from  the  Welch  or  Britijh  Maer,  praetor ,  and  this  from  Miror,  cujios,  a  keeper, or  governour.  I  profefs  myfelf  to  know  nothing  of  the  Welch  language,  but  this  deriva¬ tion  founds  well  •,  though  I  take  it  to  be  no  more  than  an  old  French  word  introduced  by the  Norman,  who  did  as  much  as  he  could  to  drive  out  the  Safcon  language.  Mair  de  pa¬ lais  was,  in  old  time,  the  principal  officer  of  the  crown  in  France ,  and  ltcward  of  the  king’s houfe,  which  fi nee  has  been  called  the  Senefchal  de  France \  fa  the  Mair  de  Village,  in  old French ,  is  the  judge  thereof.  But'whether  this  word  has  any  affinity  to  the  Gaullic  language, and  confequently  to  the  Britijh,  I  fhall  not  determine. The  mayor  of  York,  by  antient  prefeription,  afliimes  the  title  of  lord  in  all  writing  or  lord-mayor. fpeaking  to  him ;  which  honour  peculiar  only  to  the  nobility,  bifliops,  judges,  and  the higheft  officers  of  the  realm,  was  bellowed  on  our  chief  magillrate  by  king  Richard  II. That  monarch  after  granting  the  citizens  a  new  and  a  moll  extenfive  charter,  of  privileges, anno  1389,  12  reg.  at  his  coming  to  the  city  that  year,  took  his  fword  fro?n  his  fide  and gave  it  to  William  de  Selby,  then  mayor,  to  be  born  before  him  and  his  fucceflors.  Which fword,  by  the  exprefs  words  of  the  charter,  or  any  other  fword  they  pleafed,  was  to  be born  before  them  with  the  point  erefted,  except  in  the  king’s  prefence,  within  the  precin&s of  their  liberties,  in  perpetunm  (r).  From  this  emblem  (j)  of  juftice  we  deduce  our  title  of lord-mayor  •,  he  being  by  it  conllituted  the  king’s  more  immediate  vicegerent  than  before. Anno  1393,  the  fame  king  prefented  Robert  Savage,  then  lord-mayor,  with  a  large  gilt mace,  to  be  born  likewife  before  him  and  his  fucceflors ;  as  alfo  a  cap  of  maintenance  to the  fword  bearer.  Thefe  truly  royal  gifts  to  the  chief  magillrate  of  York,  made  him  equal if  not  exceed  the  mayor  of  London  in  thofedays;  for  it  does  not  appear,  either  in  Fabian or  Stowe,  when  the  title  of  lord  was  alfumed  by  that  officer. The  office  of  lord-mayor  of  York  is  a  place  of  great  trull  and  honour*,  and,  if  ufed  in  its  His  office  and full  extent,  he  is  very  near  an  abfolute  governour  within  his  diflridl.  No  perfons,  of  whatA*’* quality  foever,  living  or  refiding  within  the  liberties,  but  mull  obey  his  mandate,  or  fum- mons,  on  any  complaint  exhibited  againlt  them.  He  is  the  king’s  lieutenant  in  his  ab- fence  •,  nor  does  he  give  place,  or  drop  his  enligns  of  authority  to  any  but  the  king's  own perfou,  or  the  preemptive  heir  to  the  crown  •,  at  whofe  appearance  he  is.  Only,  difpoiTelTed, and  carries  the  mace  himfelf  before  his  majelty.  The  judge  of  affize  fits  on  his  right-hand in  the  courts  of  juftice  ;  himfelf  keeping  the  chair,  i  At  the  feffions  of  peace  he  is  fiipream  1 being  always  a  juftice  of  peace,  and  one  of  the  quorum.  council  he  has  a  calling  voice  5 and  in  full  fenate  no  adl  nor  law  can  be  made  without  his  concurrence.  He  never  ftirs  a* broad,  in  private,  but  in  his  habit,  and  an  officer  attending  i  but  on  publick  occafions, fuch  as  fwearing  days,  proclamations  of  kings,  proclaiming  of  peace  or  war,  &c.  he  is  ha¬ bited  in  fcarlet  with  a  rich  mantle  of  crimfon  filk,  and  a  mafly  gold  chain ,  the  enfigns  of  au¬ thority  before  him,  his  brethren,  the  twenty-four,  and  common  council,  in  their  proper habits,  attending.  A  handfome  revenue,  confifting,  chiefly,  of  the  toll  of  all  corn  coming to  market,  *  which  he  enters  upon  every  24'h  of  February,  is  allowed  him  for  the  mainte¬ nance  of  an  hofpitable  table.  At  which,  formerly,  all  ftrangers  and  others  were  every day  made  welcome,  but  of  late  years-  that  cuftom  was  abated  to  twice  a  week  ;  and,  by  a later  regulation,  to  as  often  as  the  lord-mayor  pleafqs  to  invite  company  to  dine  with  him. Which  has  rendered  the  office  much  more  eafy  to  be  born  j  as  alfo  much  lefs  chargeable. A  noble  houfe  has  been  lately  built  for  the  lord-mayors  and  his  family’s  refidence,  which has  all  fuitable  furniture  belonging  to  it.  So  that,  in  fhort,  we  want  nothing  but  a  coach of  fate,  to  make  our  chief  magillrate  appear  with  the  fame  dignity  with  his  brother  of London. Whofoever  lhall  offer  to  ftrike,  or  otherways  abufe,  the  lord-mayor,  during  his  office,  Srr;kj„  i,rtj. with  an  intent  either  to  affront  or  mifehief  him,  are  feverely  fined,  imprifoned  or  punilhed,®^.  ' according  to  the  degree  of  the  crime.  Two  remarkable  inftances  of  this  kind  are  upon  re¬ cord,  which  I  fhall  give. (t)  Anno  1618,  one  Charles  Coulfon,  a  taylor,  being  in  drink,  came  to  Thomas  Agar,  then lord-mayor,  and  gave  him  a  ftab  with  a  knife  three  inches  deep  in  the  left  bread  ;  but  the wound  proved. not  mortal.  However  the  faid  Coulfon  was  adjudged  to  be  ftrongly  fettered { r )  Ex  charta  Ebor. (')  This  very  fword  is  fti'l  referved  and  carried  be¬ fore  the  lord-mayors  of  York  on  fome  principal  days; it  being  the  leaft:  of  four  belonging  to  that  magillrate, but  valued  above  them  all  in  commemoration  of  this royal  favour. *  All  toll  of  corn,  £3 V.  in  this  city,  is  for  the  ufe of  the  mayor  and  citizens ;  but  is  farmed  to  the  lord- mayor  by  the  commonality  at  an  .eafy  or  fmall  rent,  for the  eafe  of  the  charge  of  his  office  of  mayoralty.  It  is accordingly  eollefled  to  his  ufe  by  officers  of  his  own  ap¬ pointment,  and  at  his  own  charge.  January  15,  1677. the  commons  confideriug  the  lord-mayor’s  refpeft  in  in¬ viting  them  to  dinner  on  the  fwearing  day,  which  had been  difeontinued,  and  fome  unufual  charges  incident  to his  office,  they  prefented  him,  and  all  future  lord-mayors with  an  abatement  of  ten  pound  per  annua ,  out  of  the toll  rent  reducing  it  to  twenty  nobles. (/)  Ex  regifl.  Ebor. with i8z  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. with  iron  ;  to  be  imprifoned  for  feven  years ;  then  to  pay  one  hundred  pound,  or  elfe  to  lie in  jail  for  life.  Moreover,  at  every  quarter  feffions,  during  the  feven  years,  he  Ihould  be carried  through  the  city  on  horfe-back,  with  his  face  to  the  horfe’s  tail,  and  a  paper  on  his forehead  denoting  his  crime  ;  and  that  on  every  of  the  faid  days  he  ihould  Hand  lome hours  in  the  pillory.  Which  was  performed  accordingly. («j  Anno  1664-,  fir  Miles  Stapleton  of  Wigbill ,  being  alfo  difordered  with  liquor,  came to  the  houfe  of  Edward  Elwick  then  lord-mayor,  ond  ftruck  at  him  with  his  cane.  For which  affront  being  indifted  the  next  feflions,  he  did  perfonally  appear  at  the  bar  of  the common  hall,  and  there  before  the  lord-mayor  and  court  confelfed  the  indiament,  acknow¬ ledged  the  heinoufnefs  of  the  crime,  profelfed  his  forrow  for  it,  and  humbly  fubmitted  him- felf  to  the  cenfure  of  the  honourable  bench  ;  who,  at  the  earned:  interceffion  of  his  friends, only  fined  him  five  hundred  pounds. This  great  officer  is  annually  chofen  ;  it  being  impoliticly  to  trull:  fo  much  power  in  one man’s  hand  too  long;  and  it  is  obfervable  that  it  is  fometimes  parted  with  reluftancy  ;  fo bewitching  a  thing  is  power,  to  fome  kind  of  people,  though  joined  to  a  great  deal  of  trouble and  fmall  profit.  Antiently,  however,  this  office  was  continued  in  one  man  for  leveral years  together.  In  the  reign  of  Edward  III,  Nicholas  Langton  was  mayor  for  thirteen  years fucceffively  ;  but  this  happening  in  the  height  of  the  Scottijh  wars,  I  fuppofe  it  was  not thought  advifable  to  change  magiftrates  in  fuch  an  important  place  as  this  city  mud:  be  at that  time.  This  man  held  the  office,  with  an  interregnum  of  three  years,  for  feventeen years  together,  the  longeft  of  any  in  the  catalogue  (w)-,  and  his  fon  John  Langton ,  who was  knighted  by  Edward  III,  was  eight  times  mayor  fucceffively.  But  the  citizens  finding it  inconvenient  to  let  the  power  lie  fo  long  in  one  hand,  anno  1394.  came  to  a  confulta- tion,  and  made  an  order  about  it,  that  from  henceforth  no  lord-mayor  Ihould  Hand  above one  year,  till  the  twelve,  being  able,  Ihould  bear  office  after  him.  This  order  was  foon difregarded,  for  fir  William  Frojl ,  knighted  by  Richard  II,  was  lord-mayor  anno  1397,  and in  ten  years  after  was  feven  times  in  that  office.  However,  after  him  and  one  more,  the former  order  feems  to  take  place  again,  for  we  find  little  or  no  variation  from  it  down  to the  prefent  times  ;  except  that  in  the  laft  civil  war,  fir  Edmund  Cooper  was  three  times  lord- mayor,  by  king  Charles's  own  appointment. Thefe  officers  following  have  all  diet  at  the  lord-mayor’s  houfe,  during  his  mayoralty, and  arc  his  reputed  fervants,  viz.  a  chaplain,  who  is  ufually  the  minifter  of  the  parilh,  a town  or  common  clerk,  with  his  man  or  men,  two  e/quires,  viz.  the  J word  and  mace-hearer , four  officers  at  mace,  formerly  fix  ;  a  porter,  a  cook,  with  his  man  or  men,  a  baker,  See. If  the  lord-mayor  be  married,  his  wife  is  dignified  by  her  hulband’s  title,  and  is  called my  lady ;  and  although  the  hulband  parts  with  both  honour  and  title  at  the  fame  time,  yet by  the  courtefy  of  Tork,  and  in  favour  to  that  fex,  her  ladyjhip  Hill  enjoys  hers ;  by  no other  right  that  I  know  of  than  that  of  an  old  rhiming  proverb.  Hill  amongft  us,  which is  this, fc  is  a  lo!0  foj  a  peat  ano  a  Cap ; *  But  flje  13  a  la&p  foj  eticc  anc  ap. Bailiff.  The  title  of  bailiff,  though  it  is  now  by  proftituting  of  it  to  a  pack  of  fellows  be¬ come  an  odious  name  ;  yet  formerly  was  bellowed  on  none  but  the  chief  magiftj  a  tes  of  a city  or  corporation ;  of  which  lail  fome  retain  it  to  this  day.  This  alfo  is  originally  a French  word  from  Franco-gaulick  Bailli,  which  fignifies  a  patron,  or  mailer  of  an  houfhoJd; or  elfe  from  bail  a  tutor,  guardian  or  keeper.  So  the  Italian,  baglio,  mtritius,  that  is,  the cherilher  or  proteflor  of  a  city  or  province,  and  all  from  the  Latin  bajulus,  which  though it  claffically  means  a  porter  (x),  yet,  in  the  later  writers,  bajulus  is  fometimes  ufed  for  a pedagogue,  a  monitor,  a  merchant,  a  bailiff.  Anno  1397,  this  office  was  laid  down  in  this city  ;  and  inllead  of  three  haylffs,  were  fubftituted  two  jheriffs  ;  by  which  it  became  a  city and  county  of  itfelf  (y). The  next  in  dignity  to  the  lord-mayor  I  take  to  be  the  Jheriffsfas  places,  durante  termino, of  much  greater  trull  and  authority  than  any  of  the  fubfequent  officers  of  the  city ;  but  as they  ufually  come  in  after  the  recorder  and  aldermen,  I  lhall  fo  place  them. Recorder.  The  recorder’s  feat  therefore  mull  be  at  the  elbow  of  the  lord-mayor;  whofename,  like the  former,  is  French  from  the  Latin  recordari.  This  officer  mull  be  caufidicus,  a  barrilter at  law  -,  whofe  office  is  to  be  an  affillant  or  coadjutor  to  the  mayor  and  bench.  To  be  their mouth  or  publick  orator,  not  only  in  haranguing  princes  and  crowned  heads,  when  they do  us  the  honour  of  a  vifit,  but  in  direfling  juries,  fumming  up  evidences,  and  the  like. To  take  great  care  that  the  city’s  privileges  are  no  ways  infringed  ;  to  fee  that  meum  and litttm  be  honeltly  regained  when  loll.  To  fee  that  jultice  be  inflifted  on  rogues,  whores, thieves  and  vagrants;  according  to  the  feveral  afls  of  parliament  made  for  that  purpofe  ; and,  laltly,  to  be  careful,  as  his  name  direfls,  that  the  antient  records ,  charters.  See,  be- in)  Ex  eodem.  been  lord-mayor;  which  lee. M  See  cat.  of  mayors,  (etc.  (*)  vide  Spilmm’e  gloflar.  Skinner,  Sec. *  There  were  one,  or  two,  old  epitaphs  in  the  cathe-  (y)  zo  Rich.  II. dra],  which  gave  this  title  to  the  wife  of  one  that  had longing X Chap. VI.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  l8 longing  to  the  city  be  preferved ;  as  well  as  to  fee  that  all  new  ads,  by-laws  & c  be  dnlv regiftered  and  tranfmitted  to  pofterity.  y The  word  alderman .  though  now  appropriated  to  citizens  and  townfmen  of  a  corpora S/™monXr?f  ‘  “  °f  Very  h'gh  degree  S  wknefs  this  ePitaPh  foL,nd  on  a (z)  fife  pequiepciC  Ailpinus,  mclyci  pejis  e&jajn co^nacus;  Co  tins  Anglie  alfcepmannus,  ec hujus  j-aepi  ccenobii  rmpaculoj-e  pun&atop. The  term,  as  I  have  elfewhere  noted,  comes  either  from  the  Engli/h  Saxon  £16  which figmfies  an  old  man  ;  from  jG.'&op,  or  jeol&op,  older,  jelb  old  agef  or  fil&on,  an  elderly man,  prince  or  fenior  ;  fo  that  jelbepman  figmfies  as  much  as  a  princely  fenator  Our fnto  tirfcfoftf°d  V  f?'l0W;ng  tbe  “T1?"  of  the  turned  names  of  elderlhip  or  a«e into  titles  or  dignity;  for  they  had  them  fenator,  patricius,  pater  confcriptus ,  and  the  like  • as  well  as  we  our  elders,  aldermen,  See.  But  yet  it  is  not  eafy  to  determine  when  this  title thnM°mAhn^a  derm‘”’f0{dl  hnZland'  ora  province,  to  be  only  alderman  of  2.  corpora- tion  ( a).  About  an  age  after  the  conqueft  I  find  mention  made  of  fome  mao-iftrates  of  this hL  a  sZ  “tle  5  f0r’  am°"gft  the  Witnefe  “  an  old  grant  to  FmZilabt, Hugo  a,  Seleby  is  ftyled  major  civ, tat, s  Eboraci,  and  Hamas  de  Graunt  is  called  praetor, tut jiifdem  mllac.  In  another  ,  Nicholas  Orger  is  mayor,  and  the  former  Hugo  de  Seleby  is  fet v  a  Wltnefs>  turn  aim  embus  at  praepofitis  Ebor.  Now  the  bell  tranfkrion  of prae- pofitus  provojl,  a  French  title  ;  but  if  any  one  will  fay  that  it  is  Latin  for  an  alderman  they have  my  leave.  I  (hall  only  add  that  the  title  alderman  being  laid  down  at  the  conqueft7 for  the  introdufhon  or  the  Norman  names  of  officers,  it  lay  neglefted,  till  a  proper  Ewlith appcHanon  being  wanted  for  a  magiftrate  of  this  nature,  this  old  Saxon  name  was^aken^up ever  wl  do  S  ""  fmCC  “  be  3  mark  of  that  diS"^  *  a"d  -  all  probabU# fU!lnefS  Wh“  he  'S  ”0t  may0r;  he  continues  a  juftice  of fttend  th  fA  f  Tu°f  'hC  V,°rT'  But’  though  he  is  aIwaXs  dulf  fommoned  to mon  ron  5lffi  ’  M°UnCI  *“?oer,  and.  every  eleftion  of  mayor,  aldermen/  Iheriffs,  com- his  own  /  r  D’  rV^T  1S  n0t  ?bl>ged  t0  appear,  if  any  other  material  bufinefs  of For  his  dennw  1  ^  1.0rd'™ay0r  13  cafied  abroad,  he  fubftitutes  one  of  thefe  aldermen-***  mayor. ior  his  deputy,  who  adls  in  fu  power  till  his  return,  and  is  as  much  dominos  fac  Mum as  he  whom  he  reprefents  in  all  things,  except  figning  notes  for  money.  7 I  he  title  of  Jhenft  I  have  defined  belore  to  come  from  the  Saxon  Seine,  and  Speve  co-si  •, met,  praefe/lus,  exaffor  an  earl,  prefeft,  or  he  whofe- bufinefs  it  was  to  oather  theVince’s^"^' alttr^there^e-r  “  ^  “  °ffiCer’  which  the  Norma»s  could  not  well alter,  there  being  no  word,  m  their  language,  fo  expreffive  of  the  place.  For  though  /hire was  changed  into .county,  or comte  by  them;  yet,  in  law  French,  the  king’s  writfwem a/r/ffied  C°r  uiC/Cl,Te’  ffi" ft,  of,th.e  PIace-  The  Lali«  Vice-comes,  which  is,  plainly, an  officer  fubftituted  in  the  earl  s  Head,  is  fince  become  an  hereditary  title  of  honour  be- mg  the  French  mf count.  Ihe  iherifi’s  officers  and  duties  I  (hall  give  in  the  fequel Chamberlain  lies  the  next  in  my  road  to  define  ;  which  word  we  have  from  the  Teutonic  r,  ,  , fcmnmcrlmg,  tht  French  chambellan,  the  Italian  cambellano,  all  a  corruption  of  It  La  in Si"  “ufed  a  barbaroufly  for  cubicularius ;  but  what  rPelatL  theft  woS h  ve  to  this  office,  in  particular  I  am  to  learn.  In  France,  Flanders,  Germany,  and  fome other  foreign  parts,  this  title  ,s  rightly  ufed  for  an  officer  or  officers,  who  are  in  the  name of  treafurers  or  receivers,  of  the  publick  ftock ;  and  difpofe  and  lay  up  the  fame  in  feveml rooms  and  chambers;  where  they  likewife  keep  their  courts  and  give  their  attendanrefr is  not  improbable  but  this  has  antiently  been  their  office  in  this  city ;  as  in  fome  meafure appears  by  their  accounts  in  the  old  regifters;  but  being  always  ver/young  tradtfmTn  tha/ come  into  this  office  m  this  city,  it  has  not  been  thought  ^rope/tS  truft  them  wkh  tte publick  money  and  goods ;  and  except  the  principal,  who  has  the  title  and  honour  of ceivf any6  °rd‘may0r  s  chamberl“’>  they  are  chofe  rather  to  pay  their  money  than  re- This  office  is  no  doubt,  of  antient  date;  and  as  I  faid  they  are  now  chofen  out  of  the body  of  the  younger  tradefmen,  who  are  in  a  thriving  condition.  As  a  feather  to  the  place the  title  mafler  or  Mr.  is  always  prefixed  to  their  names,  in  fpeaking  or  writing  to  them ever  after.  In  London,  they  are  fo  well  bred  as  to  give  this  appellation  of  Mr®  to  TpTr’- er  or  a  cobler ;  but  in  Fork,  when  any  one  is  called  fo  that  his  not  paffed  this  office/  or is  of  fo  mean  an  account  as  not  to  be  thought  worthy  of  it,  Mr.  quoth ’a,  pray  who  was vffig 71  When  h‘  WaS  chamhrlam  •  an  opprobrious  queftion  often  ufed  in  this  city  by  the accordft/ ^  fUuba'tCrn’  aSf  may  cal1  them>  officors,  they  take  place accoiding  to  the  trade  or  company  they  are  of.  In  anno  1607,  a  great  difference  arofc M  One  Thome,  a,  Ee'rvyk  a  fi„e  to  .he  king  L  ci^  ZdllZZ  1  **  ^  °f  “ about i84 The  twenty four. The  can. council. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. about  the  precedence,  whether  an  alderman’s  fon,  made  a  chamberlain,  Should  take  place of  a  merchant  ?  After  much  debate  the  former  carried'  it ;  and  for  the  foture  it  was  agreed that  the  chamberlain  who  was  the  fon  of  an  alderman,  out  of  refpeft  to  the  high  office  his father  had  born,  ffiould  have  the  precedence  of  the  merchant. Briige-majltr i  -fo  thefe  chamberlains  were  formerly  added,  as  afliftants,  two  bndge-maflers ;  which  office is  of  very  antient  date,  and  was  very  neceffary,  before  ftone-bridgqi  were  fo  much  in  ufe,  to take  care  of  the  repairs  of  timber  ones  lb).  Thefe  continued  in  office  till  the  firlt  ol  Charles  1. when  they  were  laid  down -,  and  a  citizen  in  fee  was  appointed  to  colleft  the  city’s  rents  ; now  called  the  city  Jleward.  . _ ,  , Having  now  gone  through  the  etymologies  of  the  names,  and  touched  upon  tome  or  the offices  of  our  governours,  I  ihall  next  proceed  to  difcribe  the  other  parts  which  conlhtuce  the civil  power  of  the  city  of  York -,  which  by  the  charters,  privileges  and  indulgences  ot  feve- ral  kings  is  at  this  day  no  other  than  a  little  commonwealth. Befides  the  officers  already  mentioned,  the  city  has  an  additional  number  of  men  to  the body  of  governours,  who,  having  paffed  the  office  of  Iheriff,  are  fworn  into  the  privy- council  ;  and,  with  the  lord-mayor  and  aldermen,  compofe  an  higher  houfe.  1  hele  citi¬ zens  are  commonly  called  by  the  name  of  the  twenty  four-,  though  they  may  be  more or  lefs  than  that  number.  They  are  ufually  fummoned,  and  fit  in.  confult,  with  the chief  maeiftrates,  on  any  bufinefs  relating  to  the  city,  and  have  votes  in  every  eleflion  ot officers,  &c.  equal  with  an  alderman  ;  except  in  that  of  a  lord-mayor,  aldermen  and *  The’laft,  though  not  the  meaneft,  nor  the  lead  in  authority,  are  a  body  of  men  drawn from  the  lower  clafs  of  citizens  to  the  number  of  feventy  two,  and  are  called  the  common- council  men  of  the  city.  They  were  firit  called  in  to  the  legiflature  by  a  charter  of  king Henri  VIII.  and  then  were  appointed  to  be  chofen  two  out  of  each  of  the  thirteen  com¬ panies  following,  viz.  merchants,  mercers,  drapers,  grocers,  apothecaries  goldpmths,  dyers, {tinners,  barbers,  ffhmongers,  taylors,  vintners,  pinners  and  glafiers.  With  one  from  each of  the  fifteen  lower  companies  hereafter  named,  viz.  hofiers,  inholders, veftment-makers,  wax- chandlers,  brewers,  weavers,  walkers,  ironmongers,  fadlers,  mafons,  bakers,  butchers,  glovers, pewterers  and  armorers.  And  then  alfo  the  eldejl  fearcher  of  every  of  the  fald  crafts,  toge¬ ther  with  the  common  council  aforefaid,  had  voices  in  all  elebhons  of  mayor,  aldermen an  But^now,  according  to  a  later  regulation  and,  grants  confirmed  by  the  charter  of  king Charles  II,  they  are  chofen  from  and  diflinguiffied  into  four  wards  refpefting  the  tour  prin¬ cipal  gates  of  the  city,  viz.  Micklegate-ward,  Bootbam,  Monk ,  and  kValragale-warhs.  they are  eighteen  in  number  in  each  ward,  whof t  Senior  prefides  in  his  own,  but  have  a  general foreman  or  fpeaker,  for  the  whole  body.  This  is  a  direft  houfe  of  commons-,  with  this  dif¬ ference  only  that  they  are  in  no  danger  of  betraying  their  trull  by  either  bribes  or  penjtons. And,  to  fpeak  the  truth  of  the  prefent  members  that  compofe  this  lower  clafs  of  the  cor¬ poration,  there  are  among!!  them,  to  my  knowledge,  men  of  as  much  pubhek  fpirit,  and who  have  the  real  interell  of  the  city  as  much  at  heart,  as  any  magistrate  whatever.  Tike as  in  the  legiflature  of  the  whole  kingdom,  fo  in  this  epitome  of  it  our  corporation,  no  act can  be  paffed  but  what  has  the  confent  of  the  three  eftates.  This  body  afting  as  the  com¬ mons,  the  aldermen  and  twenty  four  are  a  fort  of  houfe  of  lords  ;  and  all  under  the  direction of  the  fupream  governour  the  lord  mayor.  r  -n. And  now,  having  gone  through  with  the  feveral  orders  and  degrees  of  magiltrates  in this  city,  I  (hall  in  the  next  place  inform  the  reader  with  the  cuftoms,  manner,  and  time of  electing  them  inco  their  refpeCtive  offices;  and  firft  ol  the LO  RD-MJTQR. El/Pion  of  the  This  prime  officer  is  annually  chofen  out  of  the  number  of  aldermen,  who  are  not  im- tird- mayor.  pe(jed  by  a“e  or  ficknefs ;  who  have  not  been  twice  mayor  of  the  city  ;  or  born  that  office within  fix  years  laft  pall;  and  are  thought  to  be  everyway  qualified  to  undertake  the duty.  Upon  St.  Maurice's,  day,  January  15,  unlefs  it  be  Sunday,  and  then  it  is  deferred to  the  day  following,  the  lord-mayor,  recorder,  aldermen,  fherifts,  and  privy-council,  m their  fcarlet  gownes,  with  the  chamberlains  and  common-council,  in  their  black,  meet  at the  gild,  or  common,  hall  about  nine  a  clock  in  the  morning.  Here,  having  the  doors to  fay,  all  the  faid  rents  and  fumsof  money  to  the  hands of  the  chamberlains  of  the  faid  city,  of  which  rents  and funis  30/.  is  to  be  paid  at  Midfumtner  next,  and  the refidue  on  St.  Thomas's  eve ;  and  all  the  laid  emple- ments  and  other  things  by  indenture  to  the  hands  of  their next  fucccflors  bridge- mailers  of  the  faid  city  for  the  time bcine,  within  fix  days  next  after  they  be  fworne ;  then this  prefent  recognizance  to  be  utterly  void,  frultrate  and of  none  efteff,  or  elfe  the  fame  to  remain  and  abide  in full  ilrengch  and  vertue.  City  records. clofed 1  Feb.  25  Eliz.  1582. (b)  Thomas  Spragon  de  civ  it  ate  Ebor.  fadler  Q Rowlandus  Fawcet  de  eadem  civ  it  ate  qq  ^ tavlor,  Johannes  Sym  de  eadem  civitateC joyner,  recogn.fe  debere  dominae  reginac  ) The  condition  of  this  recognizance  is  fuch,  that  if  the above  bounden  ‘Thomas  Sfragon  one  ol  the  bridge- ma¬ ilers  of  Oujebridge  and  Fojsbridge  do  truly  account,  pay, and  deliver  over  all  fuch  rents,  fums  of  money,  ein- plements,  and  other  things  belonging  to  this  corpora¬ tion,  as  Ihall  come  to  his  lands  during  his  office,  that  is Chap. VI.  0f  fa  CITY  of  YORK.  fj. doled,  the  commoil*councjl  on  their  oaths  nrp(%nf-  t-n  ►!,.  i  j men  a  note,  with  the  names  of  three  aldermen,  one  whittles  ptehTdZon"^^ '  f  °H and  he  is  immediately  feated  next  the  chair  ■  from  P  ,ed  “Pon  ^  thefaid  court, to  the  office,  he  is  ftyled  ZTllJ After k  'I™  -°  tHe  da^  of  his  faring  in- refrelh  themfelves  ;  from  whence"  paffine'throueh  diekall  "T  'T  “  inner  aPartmcnt  to to  receive  them,  they  all  conduce  wS o  h; :haJ1-  wh!re  thf  commons  (hand  bare collation  prepared  for  them  The  lord  eleft  had  f  S  °Wr|  10l,^e  ’  w  lcre  uCually  is  a  noble the  lord  cleft  goes  to  the  prefent  lornl  mayor’s  hn„<%  ?  e  ,  ’  ™  3‘  Sunday  —  not, laid  lord-mayor,  recorder, ^aldermen  and  Trivv  X  ’  ftom  thew*.  attended  with  the chamberlains,  and  common-council  in  blirkTwne  UnC|i  •”  C  lelr  lcaldet  habits,  with  the in  the  council-chamber,  Xy  take  an  account Tail  X  r  pr°?effio,n  t0  There other  perquifites,  belonging)  the  lord  mayors  for  the  ft  P  T-  h°uft>°ld-ftuff,  and in  the  fame  order  to  theS  common  hall,  where  the  lord  ekftXe'  /'T  thcnc.ethefmarch ufual  oaths  for  the  welfare  of  the  city  the  fword  he  “  ,  he  ftate  oaths>  and  the After  the  oaths  are  taken,  the  faid  fword-bearer  dtefts  theold  h^mavoroffi  t  Tk' and  puts  it  on  the  neck  of  the  new,  which  ends  the  ceremony  Th  7  h'S  S°1ldchaln’ upon  their  new  magiftrate  to  his  own  houfe,  where  he  viyes  them  a  veVfoTri"  d  WalC lord,  and  wait  upon  him  to  his  houfe  7fhr  n(£  a  "■  °rd  ’?a70r’  return  wlth  the  late are  again  regaled^ith  a  banquet  wine  »  after  whkhX  X  atttnd“S.‘  where conclude  the  folemnity  with  the  day.  '  th  comPany  Pay  their  refpefts  and ze.r^X^hlSrr^^m  Pr0Ceeded,inaS  itwas  P«feribed  to  the  citi- fen  then  by  the  whole  body  of  the  citizen  l  anClentl7.,l:  was  otherways  ;  and  being  cho- were  ufually  tumultuous,  and^attended^ith^danmern^  f°T  dly’  °r  T"’  ^  demons royal  authority  has  frequently  internofcH  of.rous  confequences.  Infomuch  that  the that  in  the  forty  ninth  "year  of  Hen\  I  rhe  ™nfl:itu“d  a  mayor  by  a  mandamus.  I  find there  to  eleft  and  nominate  two  honed:  and  able  aldermen ofT'/m  day  of7a”uary>  and of  them  had  been  twice  mayor  before  nor  bore  that  nffi  f  T  ?'d  Clty’  °f  which  nelther names  thus  taken  by  the  recorder,  ftnior  fteriff  and  towX,  °t  "  yeaK  X  paft'  Th= to  the  upper  houfe,  which  officers  afterwards  took  the  fi.ff„l/kyTre  carned  UP  bf  them he  of  the  two  fent  up  on  whom  the  moft  vnr«  f  ll  i  a^eS  t^at  court  Pnvate]y,  and from  the  feaft  of  St  TJ  X  R„X  I  T  fe“  was“  be  mayor  ^  the  feeding  year year  of  the  fame  king  other  ktlerf  patents' f  T  XTX  X  pUrpoft’  ia  thc  'hi  “eenth craft  were  ordered  to  fu  mm  on  all  the  citizens,  yef riy,  oXthe  fedofSt^/Z^XT  °f  'X Guildhall ,  where  they  were  to  deft  able  alderman  J  Y T-  ?  ■  Blaze’  “  th« mayor  for  three  years  fad  pad  to  be  then  r  f  /  .tbe  lald  cuy>  who  had  not  been an  die  virgin,  viz.  the  r6-of  the  fame  morhffi  X  “*>  /r°m  the  feaft  o{  St'  7«ff- ffiould  in  a  pcaceabie  and  quiet  manner  Drefenr  XT  showing.  And  that  they to  the  mayor  then  in  beinm  Which  faid  n  r  aii,ler>t  1  ■  may°r  f°  chofeir,  in  writing, about  ten  o’  clock  -/he  faid  fead  of  St. take  the  ufual  oath,  and  that  doino-  he  T  fudhall,  before  all  the  citizens,  was  to men  and  citizens  there  prefent  werfto  fwear  r  X  f  mayor  of  the  faid  city.  Then  the  alder- his  office,  and  that  they  would  fupport  and  mail  t  ■att.e!ldlnS  aPd  shifting  to  the  faid  mayor  in in  allandfingul.tr  things  conducing  to'the  lionouf  wdlfaTTT  dme  ,of  hjs  mayoralty, ty.  A  mayor  dying  in  his  office  nr  mie  ’  i  ^’  and  Pr°fparityol  the  laid  ci- in  the  fame  manner,' ’upon  a  general  fummoTXf  re™ved’  .an°ther  alderman  to  be  chofen When  a  man  of  the  law  offers  h ' X  ^  ri”a‘n“g.  Part  of  the  year. dy  of  the  corporation  have  a  right  of  voting  at  hfeeMionm  ^This  T  b°~ moie  than  profit,  his  fee  being  only  twenty  marks  n  vmr  o  /'u  11S  ^  ‘l  P  ace  honour  (order. nance  of  the  city  made  Jan  8  icSi  Will'll m  /?/•  r  ^  and  robes  accuftomed.  Byanordi- this  city,  fell  be  only^ ^during  he' whofoever  ffiall  be  reorder  of ,ifc-  - ^ XU (')  A49-  H6.„.  „. (f)  This  was  determined  an.  >701.  when  Marmeiuh niill  efqmre,  was  elcftcd  recorder,  that  the  commons had  an  equal  right  of  voting  in  this  edition  w  ith  the  bench. “  b  b  dull i8<5 the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES Book  I. City  council. EleBion  of  an alderman. Of  Sheriffs. Death. Fine  for  Jkt- rffs. Their  office. Sheriff's  oath. fhall  give  in  their  proper  place,  deduced  down  to  the  prefent.  Each  recorder  at  his  ad- miffion  takes  the  following  oath : “  You  fhall  fwear  that  yon,  during  the  time  that  you  (hall  be  recorder  of  the  city  of “  York,  fhall  truly  and  indifferently  give  your  belt  counfel  unto  the  lord-mayor  of  this  city, ,t  the  aldermen,  Iheriffs,  and  all  other  of  the  common-council  of  the  faid  city,  that  now  are “  and  hereafter  fhall  be,  and  to  every  of  them  in  all  cafes  and  matters  concerning  the  laid  ci- ct  ty)  ancj  fhall  come  unto  the  faid  council  of  the  faid  city,  when  as  you  fhall  be  required  to ,t  (i0  the  fame,  by  my  lord-mayor  or  his  lieutenant,  having  fufficient  warning  given  unto “  you,  (except  that  you  fhall  be  letted  by  ficknefs,  or  fome  other  fpecial  caufe,)  and  chat “  you’fhall  not  be  abfent  from  the  faid  city  except  it  fhall  be  for  reafonable  caufes.  So  help “  you  God  and  tiolc  Dame  and  by  the  whole  contents  of  this  book. Befides  the  recorder,  this  city  by  their  charter  hath  another  learned  council  afligned  to  the lord-mayor,  aldermen,  (Sc.  called  the  city-council ;  a  juftice  of  peace  by  his  place,  and  one  of the  quorum.  The  ancient  manner  of  his  eleftion,  with  the  reafon  thereof,  you  have  in  Bernard IVilkinfon’scafe,  who  was  elefted  city  council  June  n.  an.  reg.  Eliz.  10.  1568.  Theprefent city  council  is  fir  Richard  Winn,  knight,  ferjeant  at  law. An  alderman  is  elefted,  in  a  vacancy,  from  the  body  of  the  more  fubflantial  citizens,  fuch as  have  ferved  the  office  of  fheriff  or  fined  for  it.  The  method  is  thus,  at  a  general  meet¬ ing  of  the  corporation,  the  commoners  fend  up  the  names  of  three  citizens  to  the  bench, who  are  called  lights  for  aldermen  -,  out  of  thefe  they  cleft  one.  The  word  light  is  plainly deduced  from  the  Yeutonick  ilicgljt,  darns,  lucidtts,  which  fignifies  a  citizen  efteemed  worthy of  this  honour  by  the  fplendor  of  his  fortune,  or  his  other  filming  qualities.  1  know  no corporation  in  England  that  makes  ufe  of  this  word  in  this  fenfe,  though  the  reader,  I  hope, will  allow  that  the  term  is  ftgnificant.  The  firfl  vacancy  after  a  new  alderman  is  elefted, he  is  generally  complimented  with  the  high  office  of  lord-mayor  (f). The  fheriff s  are  chofen,  in  the  fame  manner  as  the  aldermen,  on  St.  Matthew's,  day.  Sept.  2  1 . annually.  With  this  difference  only,  that  the  commons  now  fend  up  four  lights,  out  of which  the  bench  chufe  two.  If  at  the  fame  time  they  are  fworn,  then  the  lord-mayor,  bench and  privy  council  have  on  their  fcarlet  habits,  and  the  other  their  black  ones,  otherwife  not, as  fometimes  it  happens,  for  they  enter  not  into  office  till  Michaelmas  day,  September  29,  in the  afternoon. A  fheriff  being  chofen  and  through  obftinacy,  felf-wilfulnefs',  or  any  other  unlawful  im¬ pediment,  refufing  to  Hand,  he  is  not  only  fined,  but  is  fometimes  efteemed  as  fheriff  not- withftanding  his  removal  from  the  city  with  his  houfe  and  family,  and  hath  been  obliged  to account  to  the  king  for  his  fee-farm  as  if  he  had  really  executed  that  office.  This  was  the cafe  of  John  Smith  who  was  elefted  fheriff  18  Hen.  VIII.  and  was  fo  elefted  for  five  years together,  but  refufing  to  ftand,  withdrew  himfelf  and  family  to  Skipton  in  Craven  ■,  never- thelefs  at  his  death  his  executors  became  liable  to  account  to  the  king  for  his  fee-farm  from the  time  of  his  eleftion,  and  paid  it  accordingly. If  a  Iherifffdye  in  his  office,  the  fame  order  is  obferved  as  in  cafe  of  the  lord-mayor’s death,  and  another  is  chofen  in  his  Head.  With  this  difference  that  the  lord  mayors  hold not  only  the  remaining  part  of  the  year  to  which  they  are  chofen,  buc  likewife  the  year  fol¬ lowing,  as  has  happened  in  feveral  inftances  ;  but  the  fheriff  continues  only  that  part  of  the year  which  his  predeceffor  wanted  to  fupply,  and  then  goes  out  without  further  charge,  as much  qualified  to  all  the  privileges  of  the  city  as  if  he  had  flood  the  whole  year. Thofe  who  fined  for  the  office  of  fheriff  paid  formerly  no  more  than  fifty  pound,  but  of late  years  it  has  been  ufually  feventy  pound.  Every  fheriff  about  a  month  after  his  eleftion takes  an  oath  of  fecrecy  in  the  council  chamber,  and  then  is  admitted  to  be  one  of  the  privy council.  At  which  folemnity  the  lord-mayor,  aldermen,  recorder  and  (herilis,  with  the reft  of  the  council,  drink  wine  out  of  a  bowl,  filver-gilt;  which  is  called  the,'- Hack  UM. A  veffel  the  commoners  of  York  have  an  utter  averfion  to. The  fheriffs  of  the  city  of  York  have  a  double  funftion,  minijferial  and  judicial.  By  the firft  they  execute  all  proceffes  and  precepts  of  the  courts  of  law,  and  make  returns  of  the  fame. And  by  the  next  they  have  authority  to  hold  feveral  courts  of  diftinft  nature,  which  I  fhall give  in  the  fequel.  They  colleft  all  publick  profits,  cuftoms  and  taxes  of  the  city  and  coun¬ ty  of  the  fame,  and  all  fines,  diftrefi'es  and  amerciaments.  The  fheriff  is  chief  gaoler,  and has  charge  of  all  prifoners  for  debt,  or  mifdemeanors.  They  view  and  infpeft  all  weights, meafures  (Sc .  vifit  the  markets,  ride  the  flairs,  and  arc  anfwerable  to  the  king’s  exchequer for  all  iffuesand  profits  arifing  from  the  office.  Their  attendance  ufed  formerly  to  be  very Vtand,  when  they  appeared  on  a  publick  occafion,  having  four  ferjeants  at  mace,  and  each of  them  fix  or  more  livery  men  with  halberts  to  attend  them  ;  for  die  neglcft  of  which  they have  been  fined  in  the  mayor’s  court.  This  has  been  thought  fuperfluous,  for  now  two  fer¬ jeants  are  fufficient ;  which  with  a  bailiff,  a  gaoler,  (Sc.  make  up  their  retinue  at  this  time; except  on  their  riding  day,  which  ceremony  claims  another  place. “  Sirs,  Ye  fhall  fwear,  and  either  of  you  lhall  fwear,  that  ye  well  and  truly  lhall  ferve (g)  When  a  citizen  is  chofen  alderman,  and  refufes  to (land,  he  is  ufually  fined  at  the  diferetion  of  the  fame court.  In  the  year  1489  one  Thomas  Scotton  was  fined forty  pound  for  not  taking  on  him  this  office.  And  an. 1624.  one  Edward  Cakcrt  was  fined  and  paid  three  hun¬ dred  pound  for  exemption  from  this  office.  City  records. “  the IS  f Chap.  VI.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. “  the  king  in  the  office  of  the  fheriffs  of  the  city  o (York,  and  the  profit  of  the  king  ye  fhall “  do  in  all  things  that  pertains  to  you  after  your  wit  and  power,  and  his  rights.  As  much “  as  pertaineth  to  the  crown,  ye  fhall  truly  keep,  nor  ye  fhall  not  affent  unto  no  diftref- “  fing  nor  unto  no  concealment  of  right  to  the  king  or  his  crown,  be  it  in  lands  or  in “  rents,  or  in  franchifes,  or  fuits  councelled  or  withdrawn,  ye  fhall  do  your  true  power  for “  “  let  it,  and  if  ye  may  not  let  it  ye  fhall  drew  it  to  the  king  or  to  fome  of  the  council,  of “  which  ye  fhall  be  certain  that  they  fhall  (hew  it  to  the  king.  And  the  duty  of  the  king “  neither  for  gift  nor  favour  refpeft  there  where  ye  fhall  well  without  right  great  grievance “  of  the  debt  make  levy  of  them.  And  that  ye  fhall  truly,  and  by  way  of  right  treat  the “  people  of  your  bailiwicks,  and  to  each  one  do  right  as  well  to  the  poore  and  to  the  rich, “  as  that  that  pertaineth  to  you  to  do;  and  neither  for  gift,  nor  for  promife,  nor  for  favour, “  nor  for  hate,  ye  fhall  do  no  wrong  to  no  man,  and  other  mens  rights  ye  fhall  not  difturb, “  and  that  ye  fhall  truly  acquit  the  people  of  what  ye  fhall  receive  of  them  as  to  duties  of “  the  king.  And  ye  fhall  take  nothing  by  the  which  the  king  may  lofe,  or  by  the  which “  tight  may  be  difturbed,  or  the  duties  of  the  king  delayed,  and  that  ye  fhall  truly  make “  return  and  truly  ferve  the  writs  of  the  king  at  your  coming  and  at  your  power.  And  ye “  ihall  take  no  bailiff  into  your  fervice  but  for  whom  ye  will  anfwer,  and  that  ye  fhall  make “  your  bailiffs  take  fuch  an  oath  as  pertaineth  unto  them,  and  that  ye  fhall  receive  nor  take “  no  writ  by  you,  nor  by  none  other  but  fuch  as  fhall  be  lawfully  fealed.  And  that  ye  fhall “  take  fuch  ferjeants  into  your  fervice  for  this  year,  that  was  ferjeants  within  the  fpace  of “  three  years  next  before  part  ;  and  that  the  fervice  of  our  fovertign  lord  the  king  that  is “  due  for  the  city  with  the  weapontage  of  ancittf,  ye  fhall  truly  pay  at  the  terms'  affigned “  therefore.  And  ye  fhall  fave  the  city  without  damage  or  hurt,  and  all  the  franchifes,  Ik “  berties,  llfages  and  accuftoms,  ftatutes  and  ordinances  of  the  fame  ye  fhall  fave  and  main- “  tain  ;  and  ye  fhall  make  no  return,  no  impannel  in  plea  of  land,  rents  or  tenements  to  be “  holden  afore  the  mayor  and  fheriffs  without  the  overfightand  advice  of  the  mayor.  So  help “  you  God,  &c. Upon  the  day  of  the  election  of  a  lord-mayor,  viz.  January  15,  the  old  chamberlains  Of  tbmhr- prefent  to  the  lord-mayor,  aldermen,  and  twenty  four,  fixteen  fit  and  able  citizens  to  th e«*<- belt  of  their  judgments,  out  of  which  number,  though  I  find  they  are  not  ftriftly  tied  to it,  the  magiftrates  ufually  chufe  eight  to  fucceed  in  that  office.  In  which  eleftion  after  the eight  chamberlains  are  chofen  by  the  houfe,  before  they  be  publifhed  to  the  whole  court, the  lord-mayor  hath  the  power  of  putting  out  one  of  the  faid  eight,  and  nominating  ano¬ ther  in  his  place,  who  is  called  the  lord-mayor’s  chamberlain.  And  if  it  happen  that  the chamberlain  which  the  lord-mayor  fo  chufes,  and  thefirft  and  chiefeft  of'  the  other  cham¬ berlains  be  both  of  one  occupation,  it  is  then  at  the  will  and  pleafure  of  the  lord  mayor  to chufe  whether  of  the  two  fhall  be  firft  and  chiefeft  chamberlain.  Every  chamberlain  pays to  the  common  chamber  for  the  honour  of  his  office,  at  his  eleftion,  ttocntE  nobles  or fix  pound  fix  /hillings  and  eight  pence,  and  is  ever  after  reputed  a  gentleman  by  it.  * If  a  chamberlain  upon  his  eleftion  refufe  to  hold  the  office,  he  is  ufually  fined  at  the  ’dif-  Thu  fir  n- cretion  of  the  court.  Anno  1489,  fir  John  Gyttiol  mayor,  one  John  Dodfon  was  fined  forty/"/".?- pound  for  not  taking  on  him  the  office  of  chamberlain.  7 The  chamberlains  of  the  city  of  York  are  very  confiderable  in  point  of  power;  for  no  man  Aw. can  fet  up  fhop  or  occupy  any  trade,  without  being  fworn  before  one  or  more  of  them and  the  lord-mayor,  who  is  accordingly  enrolled  in  their  book,  which  is  a  book  of record. The  office  of  the  chamberlains  of  the  city  of  York  was  to  collect  and  gather  the  city’s  rents  Ofliu  ,fM and  all  other  perquifites  and  profits ;  and  have  an  officer  in  fee  affigned  for  theirs  and  the city’s  receiver,  who  pays  the  fame  to  the  faid  chamberlains,  for  which  they  account  to  the city.  They  have  alfo  care  of  all  plate,  jewels,  bonds,  and  other  charitable  bequefts  be- longing  to  the  whole  commonality  of  the  city  ;  and  have  formerly  ufed  to  account  from the  feaft  of  St.  Maurice ,  but  of  later  time  from  the  feaft  of  St.  Blaiz ,  the  day  of  fwearing the  lord- mayor.  & It  will  not  be  improper  here  to  take  notice,  that  fome  or  all  of  thefe  offices  and  em¬ ployments  having  been  thought  to  be  very  chargeable,  troublefome,  and  uneafy  to  the bearers  ot  them,  many  of  the  richer  and  better  fort  of  citizens  have,  heretofore,  fought  to avoid  them  ;  and  by  applying  with  money  to  his  majefty’s  predeceffors  have  procured letters  patents  under  the  broad  feal  of  England  to  exempt  them  for  ever  from  thefe  offices, The  city  by  thefe  means  began  to  abate  much  of  its  glory  and  fplendour,  when  their  ma¬ giftrates  being  of  the  vulgar  and  common  fort,  by  confequence  became  more  contemptible and  lefs  regarded.  This  being  taken  notice  on  by  the  gentry  refiding  in  the  city,  county and  parts  adjacent,  they  unanimoudy  joined  in  a  petition  to  a  parliament  ( h )  held  at  Weft- minfier  29  Henry  VI,  and  made  their  complaints  of  the  danger  and  ill  confequences  of  fuch  A.  r  450. exemptions.  Wherefore  the  king,  with  the  confent  of  the  lords  and  commons  in  that  par¬ liament  affembled,  foj  tljf  goOS  atlD  toclfarc  Of  Ijis  antient  Ct£g,  enafted  that  all  fuch  letters patents  lhould  be  revoked,  and  a  penalty  laid  on  all  thofe  who  Ihould  procure  the  like  for the  future.  This  penalty  was  no  lefs  than  forty  pound,  whereof  one  half  was  to  go  to  the [b)  Ex  rot.  pari. king 188  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. king,  and  the  other  moiety  to  the  common  chamber,  to  be  recovered  by  an  aftion  of debt,  fjy  means  of  this  ftatute,  an  efteftual  flop  was  put  to  this  dangerous  evil,  and  the magistrates  werc  chofen  out  ot  the  body  of  the  more  fubifantial  citizens  as  formerly. Ekthon  of  '  I  have  before  taken  notice,  that  the  common-council  of  the  city  of  York  confiits  of  fevemv cmmm-cuml  two  cmzens,  chofen  out  of  the  four  wards  of  the  city,  eighteen  for  each  ward  When  any of  theie  dye,  or  are  removed,  the  reft  prefent  upon  their  oaths  to  the  lord-mayor  and  aider- men,  three  able  and  fit  cmzens,  out  ot  which  the  bench  chufe  one.  This  office  is  of  a  dif ferent  nature  from  the  before  mentioned,  for  here  ftrong  intereft  has  been  made  to  get  into a  body,  where  a  citizen  of  any  merit,  though  never  fo  well  qualified  for  fheriff,  fife  lies hid  for  fome  years,  and  is  exempt  from  the  office  only  becaufe  his  brethren  will  not  put him  up.  1  his,  with  lome  other  privileges  joined  to  it,  makes  this  office  very  defirable- and  it  was  lately  no  fmall  expence  in  rummers  and  drams  for  the  candidate  to  attain  to  it out,  to  the  juft  praife  of  the  prefent  worthy  members  that  compofe  that  body,  who  re¬ garding  their  own  conftitutions,  in  refpeft  of  the  deftruftive  praftice  abovefaid,  as  alfo’and more  elpecially,  the  conjhtution  of  the  city ,  which  was  in  danger  of  being  ftiocked  by country  gentlemen’s  interfering  in  fiuch  eleftions  as  party  inclined  them  to,  have  made  a  bind- mg  order  amongft  themfelves,  that  if  any  citizen  or  other  doe!  fo  much  as  afk  a  vote  of tfus  kind  from  any  of  the  body,  or  for  any  office  that  they  have  votes  in,  he  ffiall  not  be elected.  A  cuftom  worthy  of  imitation  at  the  eleftion  of  all  knights,  citizens,  and  bur- gelies  throughout  the  kingdom.  For  which  reafon  they  have  no  more  to  do  in  their  own elections,  when  a  vacancy  happens,  than  for  that  ward  to  nominate  fix,  out  of  which  num- ber  the  whole  body  of  common  council  fend  up  three  to  the  bench,  who  chufe  one. The  common-council  reprefents  the  whole  comonality  of  the  city ;  and  are  at  all  times  to be  attending  upon  the  lord-mayor  and  aldermen,  when  duly  fummoned,  to  advifeand  con- fult  the  pubhek  weal  and  good  of  the  city  (i).  They  have  an  authority  that  in  fome  cafes the  mayor  and  aldermen  cannot  aft  without  them.  As  in  all  eleftions  of  magiftrates  into offices,  and  exemptions  from  offices.  In  letting  or  difpofing  of  the  city’s  revenues.  And formerly  in  taverning  and  letting  of  wine-licences-,  and  all  other  ads  and  things  which pafs  the  common  feal  ;  in  making  of  by-laws,  wherein  every  citizen,  either  by  himfelf  or his  reprefentative,  gives  his  confent. There  are  in  this  city  three  other  officers  called  coroners ,  who  have  beenufed  to  be  chofen by  the  bench,  twenty  four  and  commoners.  One  for  the  river  Oufe,  another  for  Fofs,  and a  third  for  the  diflrift  between  thofe  rivers.  Their  offices  are  fo  well  known  that  I  need not  mention  them.  But  this  is  remarkable,  that  the  county  court,  as  it  is  called  of  the city,  cannot  be  held  without  the  prefence  of  the  fheriffs  and  one  of  thefe  coroners. °uffiGe  a  conftable  is  a^°  vei7  wel1  known  ;  there  are  two  petty  conftables eledted,  by  the  bench  and  privy-council,  for  each  parilh  annually.  To  conclude  this  dry account,  1 Authority. Coroner s. Conjinbles. 1  here ■  are  befides  city’s  fteward,  or  hufband,  other  places  in  the  city  which  run  for life,  or  durante  bene  placito,  us  town-clerk,  cityfurgeon,  fword  and  mace  bearer,  coal-meafurers ferjeants,  bayliffs. and  beedals.  Thefe  offices  are  fome  of  them  bellowed  by  the  votes  of  the whole  corporation,  but  moft  by  the  bench  and  privy  council  only.  The  town-clerk  is elefted  by  the  whple  and  his  name  fent  up  to  the  king  for  approbation.  A  place  of  the  great- ^  ;  .  truft  as  well  as  profit  the  city  has  to  give. fidLrl.  Befides  all  thefe  offices,  within  the  city,  it  will  not  be  improper  here  to  take  notice  of one  ot  confiderable  note  without;  and  which  it  has  been  ufual  to  compliment  fome  noble¬ man  with,  as  the  city’s  advocate  and  recommender  of  their  requefts  and  afthirs  to  the  kinm This  office  is  called  the  lord  high  Jleward  of  the  city  of  York ;  but  is  not  of  great  antiqui- ty,  nor  has  not,  I  am  afraid,  been  of  great  ufe  to  it.'  The  firft  nobleman  that  I  can  find upon  the  books  that  bore  this  office  was  George  Villars  duke  of  Buckingham ,  who  was  fo conflituted  under  the  feal  of  the  commonality,  amio  1673.  But  he  falling  into  difrrace  at court,  and  retiring  into  Yerkfhire,  the  city  then  unanimoufty  chofe  his  grace  the  duke  of Richmond  into  that  office.  This  happened  anno  1683  ;  and  I  have  leen  fome  letters  from the  dttchefs  of  Portjmouth,  entered  in  the  books,  to  thank  the  city  for  the  great  honour  they had  done  her  fon,  and  to  allure  them,  that  every  thing  in  his  or  her  power  fiiould  be  done for  the  femes  and  welfare  of  the  city.  Tire  laft  high  fteward  that  I  find  upon  record  was the  right  honourable  Thomas  earl  of  Darby,  fo  conftituted  December  4,  1688  ;  and  was  the jierfon  who  carried  and  prefented  the  city’s  addrefs  to  his  highnefs  the  prince  of  Orange,  a. is  before  mentioned. Having  now  gone  through  the  fevera!  officers  and  offices  in  and  out  of  the  city,  there Ihould  alio  be  fomewhat  more  faid  of  th e  port  and  dignity  of  die  lord-mayor  of  York,  and me  aldermen  his  brethren,  m  regard  of  place  and  precedence,  as  well  in  the  king’s  own  pre- ■ence,  as  out  of  tt.  The  reader  may  obferve  in  the  annals  that  I  have  given  fome  tefti- mony,  from  antient  hiftory,  that  the  lord-mayor  of  York  always  carried  the  city’s  mace More  the  kings  of  England,  at  their  entrance  and  during  their  flay  in  the  city;  as  the king  s  chief  ierjeimt  at  arms.  The  bearing  of  the  city’s  fword  at  the  fame  time,  has  been for  many  ages  hereditary  in  the  noble  houfe  of  Clifford,  as  the  city’s  chief  captain,  fo (i)  Ex  chart.  Hen  YIN called. Chap. VI.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. called.  At  other  times  the  enfigns  of  authority  are  carried  before  the  lord-mayor  by  the proper  officers  affigned  for  them ;  the  point  of  th tfword,  in  all  places,  and  before  all  pet- fons  whatfoever,  erefted.  This  laft  honour  is  by  the  exprefs  words  of  the  charter  of Richard  II  •,  and  though  it  has  been  difputed  by  the  lord  prefi  dents  of  the  north,  particular¬ ly  by  the  lord  Sheffield,  yet  in  a  tryal  relating  to  the  mayor’s  having  his  fword  born  with the  point  ere<5t  in  his  prefence,  in  the  earl  marfhal’s  court,  the  lord prefident  was  call,  and judgment  given  for  the  lord-mayor  againft  him.  The  dean  and  chapter  of  York  have  alfo taken  great  fcandal  at  the  mayor’s  enfigns  of  authority  being  carried  into  the  cathedral  with¬ out  any  abafement.  And  have  many  times  endeavoured  to  get  an  order  from  the  crown to  humble  them.  This  has  been  fometimes  effected  •,  and  as  low  as  the  reign  of  king Charles  I,  anno  reg.  13.  I  find  a  mandate  from  that  prince  to  the  lord-mayor  of  York ,  that he  (hall  not  ufe  the  enfigns  of  his  authority  within  the  cathedral  church ,  &c.  Copies  of  the  re¬ cords  of  all  thefe  matters,  as  alfo  a  copy  of  a  decree  for  precedency  of  place  betwixt  the mngiftrates  oi  the  city  and  the  officers  of  the  fpiritual  court ,  adjudged  18  Henry  VIII.  with l'ome  other  matters  of  the  fame  nature  the  reader  may  meet  with  in  their  proper  place  of the  appendix. I  come  next  to  give  an  account  of  the  feveral  courts  of  law  and  juftice  kept  in  it,  of which  the  fheriff’s  courts  I  take  to  be  the  principal,  and  thefe  ars  diftinguifhed  into  three; the  firft  called  the Sheriff's  turn ,  enquiring  into  all  criminal  offences  againfl  the  common  law,  not  prohibited by  any  ftatutes.  The  next  called  the County  court,  wherein  they  hear  and  determine  all  civil  caufes  under  forty  fhillings.  The third  is  their Court  of  common  pleas ,  wherein  is  determined  any  caufe  whatfoever,  tryable  at  com¬ mon  law. S  HE  RIFF'S  TURN.  Court  of (be* T-M  .  riff's  turn. The  court  of  fheriff’s  turn,  incident  to  that  office,  is  kept  twice  a  year,  a  month  af- 'ter  Eafter  and  Michaelmas.  The  lheriffs  do  by  cuftom  keep  this  court  at  a  place  called the  Butts ,  at  Dringhoufe' s  town  end,  in  the  weapon  tack  of  the  anctty. The  oath  of  the  inqueft  and  the  articles  which  were  wont  to  be  enquired  into  in  this  court  Oath  of  the are  thefe  (k )  (/).  inqueft.  , “  This  hear  yee  the  fheriffs,  that  I  fhall  truly  inquire  and  truly  prefent  all  the  points “  and  articles  that  belong  to  the  enquiry  ol  the  fheriff’s  turn,  the  king’s  council,  and  my ‘‘  fellows  and  my  own.  — I  lhall  truly  keep  council  fo  help  me  God,  and  the  day  of “  doome. “  And  when  they  have  made  their  oath  in  the  form  rehearfed,  then  the  recorder,  or  the “  under  ffieriff  lhall  rehearfe  to  them  thefe  articles  feveraly  as  they  follow.  Articles. “Firft,  yee  lhall  enquire  if  yee  know  any  man  or  any  woman  that  hath  imagined  the “  king’s  death. “  Alfo  if  any  man  be  forfworn  the  king’s  londe,  and  is  come  again  into  the  lond,  and “  hath  no  charter  of  pardon. “  Alfo  yee  ffiall  enquire  of  falfe  money-makers*  and  falfe  money-clippers,  whether  it “  be  gold  or  filver,  nobles,  half  pennys  of  gold,  farthings  of  gold,  roundgars  of  gold, “  wafers  of  gold, groats,  pennyes  or  two  pennyes,  halfpennyes  or  farthings,  of  their  re- “  ceaters,  and  all  falfe  money  utelefs. “  Alfo  of  robbers  and  of  rovers  by  night  or  by  day,  and  of  their  receaters,  whether “  theft  be  lefs  or  more,  as  of  an  ox  or  a  cow,  a  pot  or  a  panne,  gold  or  filver,  and  all “  other  things  that  are  of  great  value. “  Alfo  of  milchers,  as  of  capons,  or  hens,  &c.  of  wool,  a  broad  cloth,  a  towel,  or “  other  things  of  little  value. “  Alfo  of  houfe  breakers  and  fneck  drawers. “  Alio  of  them  that  fleeps  of  the  day  and  wakes  of  the  night,  and  is  well  clad  and  fed, “  and  hath  ol  the  beft  victuals  that  comes  to  the  towne,  and  hath  neither  rent  to  live  upon, “  nor  craft,  nor  fcience. “  Alfo  of  them  that  lyeth  in  waite  to  beat  men,  or  to  flay  men,  or  elfe  for  to  rob  men “  by  night  or  by  day. “  Alfo  ofaffrayes  and  blood  that  has  not  been  corrected  before  this  time  ;  and  of  wafe “  and  ftraye. “  Alfo  of  thofe  that  by  any  fubtletye  or  engines  withdraw  any  doves  from  any  man's “  dove-coat. “  Alfo  of  aJ1  thofe  that  by  netts,  or  by  any  futtlety,  fetts  in  the  dream  of  Oufe,  by “  cauk  of  the  which,  the  toll  of  the  boweof  the  bridge  is  loft  or  hindered. “  Alfo  of  all  thofe  that  bring  any  good  to  the  city,  that  ought  to  be  towled  of,  and “  fo  withdrawe  the  towle. in  y,!de  CromPtonf  jurifdiaion  of  courts,  fol.  231.  unknown;  but  I  believe  they  are  all  faithfully  and  judf- (‘J  -  ■  or  molt  of  thefe  extrafts  following  are  taken  cioufly  made,  by  what  I  have  had  leifurc  to  examine  of from  a  manufenpt  which  is  in  my  hands,  the  collector  them. C  c  c  “  Alfo The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. 44  Alfo  if  any  franchift  man  of  this  city,  have  couloured  any  other  man’s  goods  that 44  ought  to  be  towled,  becaufe  of  which  coulouring  the  towle  is  withdrawne. 44  Alfo  of  any  baker  of  this  citty,  if  they  bake  good  bread  and  of  good  moulter,  and  if u  the  bread  hold  good  weight  according  to  the  ftatutes  thereupon  made. “  Alfo  if  they  have  fufficient  bread  to  fell,  and  in  whofe  default  it  is  that  they  have  not “  enough  to  ferve  the  people. 44  Alfo  yee  fhall  enquire  of  all  manner  of  foreftallers  by  water  and  by  land,  by  night  or 44  by  day,  either  fleffi,  or  fifh,  or  poultry,  or  any  manner  of  cornftallers,  becaufe  of  the 44  which  the  fuel  and  victual  is  fcarcer  or  more  dear  then  it  fhould  be.  Warne  fuch  fore- 44  Hallers,  warne  them,  &c. 44  Alfo  of  brewers  of  the  citty  if  they  fell  after  the  afiize,  and  by  true  meafure  in- 44  fealed. “  Alfo  of  the  common  of  the  citty,  that  is  made  feveral,  whether  the  commoners  of 44  the  citty  fhould  have  common  for  all  the  time  of  the  yeare,  or  for  any  feafon  of  the “  yeare. 44  Alfo  of  the  common  lanes  of  the  citty  and  the  fuburbs  that  are  enclofed  either  by 44  hedge,  or  yate,  or  door  in  hindring  the  commoners. 44  Alfo  of  them  that  on  nights  watche  under  other  men’s  windows  to  efcrye  their  coun- 44  cell  or  their  privety. “  Alfo  of  them  that  hath  been  fworn  at  the  fheriff’s  turne,  or  before  juflices  of  peace, 44  and  hath  efcryed  the  king’s  councell,  their  fellowes,  or  their  owne. 44  Alfo  of  rape  of  women,  whether  they  be  wives,  maids,  or  widdowes,  and  of  thofe “  that  were  helpers  thereto. “  Alfo  of  all  manner  of  treafure  that  hath  been  found  within  ground,  whether  it  be  gold, 44  filver,  or  jewells,  pearle  or  pretious  ftones,  and  in  whofe  keeping  it  is  in. “  Alfo  of  them  that  are  common  dice-players,  and  with  falfe  dice  deceiveth  people. 44  Alfo  of  them  that  make  any  aftemblyes  or  riots  by  night  or  by  day  againft  the 44  kinges  peace  ;  or  any  difturbance  to  the  lett  of  the  execution  of  the  common  lawe. “  Alfo  of  cookes  and  regraters  that  fells  any  charchaufed  meat,  or  any  unwholfome  meat 44  for  man’s  body. 44  When  the  twelve  men  have  heard  the  articles  before  rehearfed  unto  them,  the  con- 44  {tables  that  are  prefent  {hall  be  charged  by  oathe  they  have  made  to  the  citty,  for  to “  commune  and  fpeake  together  of  the  articles  aforefaid,  and  if  they  know  any  man  defeft 44  in  any  of  them,  they  fhall  fend  two  of  the  conftables  to  the  inqueft  and  informe  them 44  of  the  defaults. 44  When  the  inqueft  has  communed  of  all  this  matter  and  they  will  fine  any  man,  they 44  fhall  give  their  verdidt  up  to  the  fheriffs  enfealed  with  their  feales.” The  COUNTY  COURT. ( m )  44  The  fheriffs  of  Yorke  {hall  have  their  county  court  in  the  fame  form  as  other  fhe- 44  rifts  of  England  ought  to  have,  with  all  the  freedome  that  belonges  thereto.  And  the “  county  court  {hall  be  holden  on  the  Monday ,  and  fo  it  fhall  be  holden  irom  month  to 44  month  without  end. 44  If  a  county  court  falls  on  f0CDlc?Da^,  or  any  feaft  in  the  year  it  fhall  be  holden,  not- 44  withftanding  the  high  feaft,  the  fame  day  that  the  court  falls  upon.  The  county  court 44  may  not  be  holden  without  the  prefence  of  one  of  the  fheriffs  and  one  of  the  coroners. 44  At  the  county  court  before  the  coroners,  exigents  fhall  be  called  from  court  to  court, 44  to  the  time  that  they  be  out-lawed. 44  By  force  of  the  exigent  no  man  ought  to  be  arreft,  but  every  man  that’s  in  the  exigent 44  may  yield  them  to  the  fheriffs  to  be  outlawed,  either  in  the  county  or  elfe  out  of  the 44  county,  and  when  he  is  yielden  to  the  fheriffs,  then  the  fheriffs  may  put  him  in  prifon, 44  or  take  a  fine  and  fufficient  main-prize  and  fufficient  men  bounden  for  them,  that  he  that 44  is  in  the  exigent  fhall  keepe  his  day,  before  the  juftice,  at  the  day  of  the  exigent  re- *  turnable. 44  At  the  county-court  before  the  fheriffs  and  coroners  fhall  be  holden,  jfleas  of 44  that  are  called  repleglarian  in  this  forme,  that  if  a  diftrefs  be  taken  of  any  man  for  fiirme 44  or  other  caufe,  he  that  owes  the  diftrefs  that  is  taken  fhall  come  at  the  county  court  and 44  enter  a  plaint  of  replegiarum  againft  him  that  tooke  the  diftrefs,  and  the  plantiffe  fhall 44  find  burrofoJS,  that  if  fo  be  that  the  law  deem  that  the  diftrefs  be  lawfully  taken,  then 44  for  to  inn  the  diftrefs  againe,  or  elfe  the  price;  and  this  furety  made  a  precept  fhall  be 44  directed  to  one  of  the  ferjeants  of  the  fheriffs  for  to  deliver  the  diftrefs  to  him  that  owes 44  the  diftrefs,  &c. 44  The  fheriffs  and  coroners  may  receive  at  the  county  appeale  of  robery  and  appeale  of 44  man’s  death,  whether  that  be  for  the  wife  of  him  that  is  dead,  or  for  the  heire  of  him 44  that [m]  From  the  fame  manufeript. Chap.  VI.  of  the  Cl  TY  of  YORK. U  t!lat  1S  *  which  appeale  may  be  made  at  any  court  within  the  yeal'e  and  the  rfav “  after  the  time  the  deed  is  done.  1  ■x’ “  lf  appeale  be  made  at  the  county  court  it  availes  not,  unleffe  that  the  perfon  that  (hall “  be  appealed  be  imprifoned  at  the  time  of  the  appeale  making. “  It  a  man  make  appeale  at  the  county,  him  it  behoves  to  be  at  the  court  in  proper  per- lon  to  make  his  appeale,  and  he  muft  find  blUTolucs  at  the  fame  county  to  purfue  his “  aPPeale,  and  he  (hall  give  his  appeale  written  at  his  owne  perill,  and  he  (hall  have  day “  to  the  next  county  to  purfue  his  appeale,  and  if  theplantilfe  faile  at  any  court  of  hisap- “  pearance  in  proper  perfon  the  appeale  is  abated.  ^ “  a  man  make  appeale  and  be  nonfuite  in  his  appeale,  he  (hall  never  be  received  to “  make  appeale  after. f  man  be  flame  or  murdered  the  heire  may  make  no  appeale,  living  the  wife  of “  him  that  is  dead.  ° ,,  u  Ifi C  m  W!ie  nCg1^.  7  her  aPPeaIe  within  twelve  months  and  a  day  after  the  death  of her  hulband,  lhe  mail  never  after  be  received  to  make  appeale. “  If  a  man  be  (lain  and  have  no  wife,  his  heir  (hall  be  admitted  to  make  appeale  with- in  the  tw7e  months  and  a  day,  and  if  he  begin  the  appeale  but  two  dayes  or  the  yeare be  pad,  it  is  as  availing  as  he  had  begun  it  at  the  beginning  of  the  yeare.  ’ “  It  a  wife  have  begun  to  make  appeale  of  her  hufband  dead,  and  dye  within  the year,  the  heire,  notwithftanding  her  appeale  abated,  may  begin  a  new  appeal “  There  (hall  no  woman  make  appeale  but  of  her  hulband’s  death. “  1  here  (hall  none  of  the  blood  make  appeale  but  the  next  heir  of  blood,  that  fhould have  the  heritage  by  law  after  the  death  of  him  that  is  flaine. i?r The  court  of  COMMON  PLEAS. (")  “  The  fhenffs  ofthe  city  of  York  do  keep  a  court  of  record  within  the  fame  citvr by  prefcript.on  and  cuftom,  where  they  hold  pleas  of  debt  for  any  fum  whatfoever  * “  They  have  their  court  both  of  men  of  the  city  and  of  ftrangers,  but  in  feveral  de- grees.  The  court  between  franchiled  men  of  the  city  (hall  be  three  days  in  the  week  and „  n°  m0',e’.  e ■  'rh"fflay>  and  Saturday ,  but  if  the  one  of  the  partvs  be  a  flran- ger  and  mfranchifed,  then  the  court  (hall  be  every  day  except  Sunday  for  the  eafe  of  the “  Granger  at  the  will  of  the  fhcriffs. The  ftyle  of  the  court. “  wf ' ZLf  Ehr-‘ef  ^mJie  mar‘!s, pox’ p.fejl" fit?  Mich,  anno  R •  Henrici  quintip  conqu ’  m fc.  nono  coram  Jobe  Auftinmore  &  Thome  Aton  vie'  cit’  p'diET.  *  ^  ’ *  CU'  tm'  ^  ^  J°ViS  1>r°X’  fCii>  Mchit  ann°  fuPradi£l'  cor  a'  ejdm  vie*  or  tltU ..  ‘‘„Tthda”3nner  °f  dtle  °f  the  C0Urt  Aail  be  throuSh°«  aJI  the  year  from  court  day  to “  1  he  (henffs  /hall  have  their  courts  with  all  the  amerciaments  thereto  belonging  and  n ;zrsr,nterhe“rl’  fbrwhucauferoevrrit  be,  if  he  be  nonLe  in „  P  nte’  ,  P?y  four  Pence  to  the  fheriffs :  and  if  there  be  two  plaintiffs  or more  in  one  plainte  and  nonfuite,  they  (hall  all  pay  but  four  pence  for  themnfuite “  the  conflnWe  orT ^  °r  nC°?,flable  d?  anf  office>  whether  the  partys  are  accorded  or  not CI  * '  01  lerleant  ftal  enter  thereof  a  plaint,  and  the  fheriff  (hall  have  the  amer “  He  fh™  mafeTfiT'r  rt ' "V  t!£5°nfl?b,e  or  fa'jeant  conceal  the  fame  and  enter  it  not, ne  l!  ali  make  a  fine  to  the  (henff  for  the  concealment. “  amteotte  not  heftalltered  agT?  “?  ^  thedefendant  be  called  in  the  court “  and The  deft,,.,  r  bTamelced  for  the  default  four  pence  ;  and  if  a  man  be  effoined ‘‘ IfTman  male  dt  f6  ^  *“  1,1:111  b>=  amerced  for  the  default  eight  pence. tI  1  ,m  make  default  and  be  amerced  in  a  plaint  four  pence,  though  he  make I  ever  fo  many  defaulter  afterwards  in  the  fame  plea,  he  (hall  no  more  be  ,?mercied  '  " ..  2a“b'  f7Ted,  by  a  plaint  of  debt,  and  grant  the  debtor  any  other  plaint «•  defendant  for'The  amerefamen't  ’  “***  **  ^  ^  four  ^  ^ “  "  What  P,aillt  ^  ^  be,  the  die, ids  (hall “  YS'f  de7?nt  fail  ofhis  law  he  (hall  be  amercied  four  pence. If  the  defendant  grant  parcel  of  the  debt  and  wager  his  law  of  the  refidue  and  per ::  rbcTa  ?T- the, fta11  haTe  doub,e  a™^"«>.  ^  p£ “  hor' granting  of  the^debt^cis  ^ jrarcek"  dUe  f°  Mm’  a"d  ^  pe'1CC  °F  tllC  def“daIlt “  be  1tn3e7bvbriMPlCaded  S  P'r  5  e  ebt’  and  the  defendant  drire  th=  debt  and  will he  tryedby  twelve  men,  then  if  ,t  be  found  that  the  defendant  owe  parcel  ofthe  debt, (n)  From  the  fame  martufeript. 4 but i9i Summon!  and tjfotgns. Adjournment s. The  HISTORY  ancl  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. but  not  all,  the  flieriffs  fliall  have  double  amerciaments,  that  is,  one  of  the  plaint  and  an,- 44  other  of  the  defendant. “  If  a  man  take  a  plaint  againft  another,  and  the  defendant  take  exception  to  the  plaint, “  as  for  to  fay  he  has  a  wrong  name,  or  elie  taking  his  plaint  againft  one  man  where  he “  fhould  have  taken  it  againft  two  men,  or  elfe  taken  it  in  one  kind  where  he  fliould  have “  taken  it  in  another  kind,  and  the  plaint  be  abated  by  any  fuch  exception,  then  the  flie- “  rift' fliall  have  amerciament  of  the  plaintiff.  . “  If  a  man  take  a  plaint  againft  another,  and  the  defendant  dye,  or  the  plaintiff  either, cc  the  plaint  is  abated,  but  then  the  ftieriff  fliall  have  no  amerciament;  for  it  is  the  doing “  of  God,  and  not  the  default  of  the  party. “  If  a  ftrange  arreft  be  made  of  any  good  and  prized  by  the  default,  fliall  pay  amer- “  ciament,  and  in  every  aftion  wherein  the  delendant  wageth  his  law  and  perform- “  eth  it. “  If  fo  be  that  a  franchifed  man  do  fummon  another,  him  behoves  to  be  fummoned  ever “  before  the  night  againft  the  court  on  the  morrow. “  Then  the  defendant  may  have  a  delay  and  avifement  of  his  anfwer,  and  afk  day  rea- “  fonable,  that  is  to  fay  eight  days  avifement,  and  the  plaintiff  and  the  defendant  fliall  have “  day  to  that  day  fe’ennight ;  and  that  day  fe’nnight  the  defendant  may  be  effoined,  which “  effoyn  is  called  effoign  after  day  reafonable ;  and  upon  effoign  day  fliall  be  given  by  the “  court  to  the'  forefaid  to  the  day  fe’night,  and  at  that  day  fe’night  may  prefer  his  law  that “  he  owes  no  penny  to  the  plaintiff  in  that  manner  that  he  tells  •,  and  upon  that  the  defendant “  fhall  have  day  of  his  law  to  that  day  fe’nnight,  which  effoigne  is  called  effoigne  unde  lex, “  or  effoigned  of  his  law,  and  upon  that  effoigne  day  fhall  be  given  to  the  defendant  to 44  make  his  law  to  that  day  fe’nnight,  and  it  the  defendant  fail  of  his  law  he  fhall  be  con* 44  demned  in  the  debt,  and  if  he  perform  his  law  the  plaintiff  fliall  take  nought  by  his 44  plaint,  but  in  the  mercy,  &V. 44  If  fo  be  that  a  man  prefer  law,  and  the  fumm  that  he  afketh  be  beneath  a  mark,  the 44  defendant  fliall  have  day  to  perform  his  law  with  five  perfons  and  himfelf  the  fixth  and 44  no  more  ;  and  if  the  fumm  pafs  a  mark,  then  the  defendant  fliall  have  day  with  eleven 44  perfons  and  himfelf  the  twelfth. 44  A  man  unfranchifed  or  another  ftranger  fliall  not  have  day  reafonable  •,  and  if  there 44  be  two  franchift  men  or  three  and  one  defendant  ftranger  the  procefs  fliall  be  continued 4<  as  all  were  ftrangers,  . 44  In  all  caufes  where  a  ftranger  is  effoigned  againft  a  franchift  man  the  day  fhall  be  given 44  to  that  day  fe’nnight. 44  In  all  caufes  where  a  man  unfranchifed  is  effoyned  he  fliall  have  hi«  day  till  on  the 44  morn  and  no  longer. 44  If  a  franchift  man  implead  another  by  an  atftion  of  debt,  or  withold  it  on  account, 44  and  the  defendant  fay  that  he  owes  no  debt,  or  elfe  witholds  not  die  thing  that  is  afked 44  a^ain  him,  or  elfe  denys  the  caufeof  action  on  account,  and  that  he  will  betryed  by  twelve 44  men,  then  the  next  court  that  the  partys  beforefaid  are  pleaded  to  an  inqueft,  the  defen- 44  dant  may  be  effoined,  and  he  fliall  have  day  to  that  day  fe’nnight,  and  this  effoign  is 44  called  effoign  unde  jur\  or  elfe  an  effoign  after  an  inqueft  joined,  and  if  the  defendant  keep 44  not  his  day  that  he  hath  by  his  effoign,  then  the  inqueft  fliall  be  awarded  by  his  de- 44  If  an  inqueft  be  fworn  and  may  not  accord  during  the  time  the  fheriffs  fits  in  the  court, 44  then  the  inqueft  fliall  be  taken  in  a  chamber  till  three  in  the  afternoon,  or  what  hour 44  the  fheriffs  will  afiign  to  the  partys;  and  in  the  mean  time  the  court  fliall  be  adjourned “  to  the  inqueft  be  palled  ;  and  it  the  inqueft  were  not  accorded  of  all  tl  e  night,  then  the “  laid  court  lalls  at  all  times  till  the  inqueft  be  palled,  and  the  attorneys  in  the  mean tc  time  may  not  abfent  them  without  leave  of  the  Iheriffs  for  fear  that  they  loofe  not  their “  plaints,  and  when  the  inqueft  is  palled  then  the  court  lhall  be  adjourned,  and  not “The  court-day  next  before  St.  Thomas's  day  before  if  a  franchift  man  be  effoined “  againft  another  tire  day  lhall  be  given  by  that  effoign  to  the  next  court-day  after  St.  Hil- “  lary  day,  and  in  the  fame  wife  the  fame  day  fliall  be  given  by  day  reafonable  ;  and  when “  the  court  is  done  it  lhall  be  adjourned  betwixt  franchift  men  to  the  next  court  after  St. “  Hillary  day,  in  the  fame  wife  if  a  franchift  man  wage  his  law  he  lhall  have  the  fame “  day  to  make  his  law. “  The  court-day  the  Tuefday  next  after  Palm-funday  fhall  be  adjoined,  and  the  parties “  fliall  have  day  till  Tuefday  next  after  Low-funday  ;  and  the  likewife  the  court-day  the “  Thill-dll's  next  before  IFkii-fimday ,  lhall  be  adjourned  to  the  Tuefday  next  after  Trinity- si  Sunday  ;  and  thefe  courts  are  called  the  courts  of  long  adjournments. “  If  a  man  be  diftrained  to  anfwer  in  any  plea  in  this  court,  the  ferjeants  lhall  bring  fuf- “  ficient  diftrefs  to  the  court,  fuch  as  will  moll;  difeafe  him  and  the  titteft  \o)  will  gar  him “  anfwer  and  il  he  come  not,  the  diftrefs  lhall  abide  in  the  court,  and  he  fliall  be (»)  This  is  broad  T.rhjbirf,  and  means  tbt  fmijt  will  lauft  Hr.  /«  mficir. Chap.  VI.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. “  new  diftreined  from  court-day  to  court-day  to  the  time  that  he  appears  either  in  proper “  petfon  or  by  attourney;  then  the  diftrefs  fhall  be  delivered  again  to  the  party  that “  owes  it. “  Ifa  man  fhall  be  deftrayned  and  make  default,  he  fhall  loofe  no  iffue  by  the  cuftom .  “  of  the  citty. “  If  a  man  fhall  be  deftrayned,  and  the  ferjeant  return  that  he  hath  no  good  to  be  de- “  ftmyned  by,  then  the  court  (hall  award  a  capias ,  diredled  to  the  ferjeant,  to  take  the  de- “  fendant  to  anfwer  to  the  plaintiff' in  the  plea. “  If  an  inqueft  be  fummoned  between  partyes  and  partyes,  and  the  inqueft  make  de- “  hu,Ic>  then  the  jurors  of  the  inqueft  fhall  be  diftrained  by  their  goods  feveral,  from  court- “  day  t0  court-day,  till  they  appear,  and  they  (hall  not  have  their  diftrefs  amain  till “  twelve  appear  ;  but  they  (hall  loofe  no  iffues  by  the  cuftom  of  the  city. “  /f  f  ma"  be  arrefted  by  a  plaint  of  treffpafs  and  find  btirrotes,  and  the  defendant  make “  default,  both  he  and  his  burro&IS  feverally  (hall  be  eftr  .yned  till  the  defendan t  appear  to “  anfwer  the  palintifF;  and  when  the  defendant  appears  to  the  plaint,  both  he  and  his “  burro U)S  fhall  have  their  diftrefs  again. “  II  a  man  be  condemned  on  a  plaint  of  debt,  execution  (hall  be  made  in  this  manner ‘  and  forme,  viz.  the  ferjeants  fhall  bring  into  the  court  as  mickle  good  of  the  defendants “  t0  bf  prayfed  as  the  fumm  and  the  damages  amounts  unto  ;  and  when  it  is  brought  in- “  to  the  court,  two  prayfers  fhall  be  fworne  in  the  court  on  a  booke,  to  prayfe  it  truly “  vyhat  11  ls  worth  between  chapman  and  chapman,  and  themfelves  will  give  ior  it  and “  tle  party  refufe  it,  and  when  it  is  prayfed  the  prayfing  fhall  be  entered  on  record’  and ‘  that  good  that  is  prayfed  ffitill  abide  after  eighc  days  in  the  court,  and  at  the  eight  days ‘  end,  the  plaintiff  may  come  into  the  court  and  afk  the  deliverance  of  the  good^ts  they “  are  prayfed,  and  then  the  ferjeant  fhall  be  charged  to  warn  him  that  owes  the  goods  to “  make  S™  to  the  party,  or  elfe  the  goods  fhall  be  delivered  to  the  plaintiff  at  the  next “  court  after;  and  at  the  next  court  after  if  the  ferjeant  record  that  the  party  that  owes the  goods  is  warned  as  it  is  before  laid,  then  the  goods  fhall  be  delivered  to  the  plain- tiff  by  the  court ;  and  if  the  fumm  alter  the  apprizing  be  not  fo  much  as  the  fumm  that IS  recovered,  then  execution  fhall  be  made  of  the  remnant,  as  before  is  rehearfed  to the  time  that  the  plaintiff  have  full  of  all  the  fumm  with  the  damages  that  is  reco- ct  Vr  ani  lf  fuiJnl  after  the  apprizing  be  more  than  the  fumm  ghat  is  recover- ■  ed,  then  the  plaintiff  fhall  pay  to  the  defendant  the  fufpTaffagi  into  the  court,  or  the tune  that  hq  have  deliverance  out  of  the  court  of  the  good  that  is  apprayfed ..  1  g°od  be  Prayed  for  execution,  as  before  is  faid,  tb  the  greater  price  than  its  worth, ..  S.tn  he  ac.the  eight  days  end  may  come  into  court,  and  fhew  this  matter  to „  i  court’  ™d  the  goods,  and  pray  that  the  apprayfefs  have  the  good  as  th-v have  prayfed  it,  and  that  he  may  have  execution  for  the  fumm  that  he  has  recovered  of ,«  'he  g0°ds  of  thc  Pr,zers’,  and  tben  the  ferjeants  (hall  be  charged  to  warn  the  prize, -s  to be  at  the  next  court  to  hear  what  they  can  anfwer  to  the  matter  ;  and  if  the  ferjeants return  in  the  court  that  the  prizers  are  warned  in  the  form  beforefaid,  and  come 'not to  the  court,  the  execution  fhall  be  made  of  the  prizers  goods,  and  the  aforefaid  <r0od that  is  prayfed  fhall  be  delivered  to  the  prayfers  by  the  cuffome  of  the  citty  ° ‘  It  execution  be  awarded  for  a  fumm  to  raife  of  any  manner  of  goods,  and 'the  ferjeant “  So  ^  ddt'ndant  ,hat''  "“  goods  for  to  put  in  execution,  then  a  capias  fhall' be „  fvardcd  hy  tbe  eourt  to  the  ferjeant  to  take  the  body  of  the  defendant,  and  when  he “  fumm  e£*y  that  1C  ab'de  'n  pr‘fon  tiH  the  Plaintiff  be  made  gree  of  his “  nr1!1  *a."  be  eftrayned  by  his  goods  to  anfwer,  or  any  manner  of  inqueft  to  appear “  A*  °a  mr  ma,i  ‘S  taken.,por  execution,  or  a  ftranger  arreft  is  made  tftany “  m'  n  f  pft  S°0dn  'f  anothcr  t?3"  Wl11  come  “  the  court  and  fay  that  there  where  fuch  a “  of  rt  r  d'!tr,ly"ed  ,by  P°tt°r  b,y.  Pan> .  or  by  a"y  other  goods,  be.  he  that  is  deftrayned „  °fthat  8°°d  the  day  of  the  taking  of  that  diftrefs,  it  was  not  his  goods  that  was  di- ftreyned,  but  it  was  his  that  comes  to  claim  it  without  fraud  or  guile,  and  that  he  will .  °W"  wtth  five  hands  and  himfelf  the  fixth  hand,  he  (hall  be  admitted  to  owne  it  in  all “  ftrefi11^/^^^’  and  ^  bC  ddivcred  to  hi™.  and  the  court  (hall  difeharge  the  di- „! Lf'!1;d,th,Sih,;1I,be  the»a]h  okhim,that  will  owne  the  mod,  this  heart yee  the  Jheriffs that  ths  good  [hat  is  arrefted  as  the  good  of  fuch  a  man,  the  day  of  the  arreft  the  aforelid  food “  Z  r  T  theTdof  i‘  w>  arrefted;  ' and  this  appJra. “  Td-  ri  yfnU“  "°rg  '  m  ,h‘  WirbaK*  of  the  execution  of  the  common  law,  nor “  Dlaimiff  nwf.iw'i1  bC  mfe  obcertainS°ods.  and  the  party  defendant  make  default,  the “  dnvl  V  y  !  he  g00d  ,°  be  Prayred.  and  from  its  being  prayfed,  it  (hall  lye  four “  and  it  ffialVh  'hV'Z’  Z  ■ '  four  dayes,end  the  plaintiff  may  ailc  livery  of  tlJgood, ‘‘  r  h  ,  '  V  *  °r  “  be  dd,Vfed’  the  P!aintiff  fhall  find  furety  in  the court,  that  is  to  fay  two  fufficient  men  bound  in  law  for  the  good,  or  the  value  after  ic Odd  **  }« l93 *5>4 F:ku. Jjfrayn  and bloodwittu AjJizt  of  bread. TJje  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Boole  I. uis  prized,  if  the  defendant  come  within  twelve  months  and  a  day,  and  can  prove  law- “  fully  that  he  owes  not  the  fumm  that  is  afked  by  the  plaintiff. “  Alfo  if  good  be  prayfed  and  lye  in  the  court  eight  dayes,  and  after  eight  dayes  by  the “  fumm  that  is  prayfed  be  delivered  to  the  plaintiff  for  execution,  then  a  third  man  comes “  too  late  for  to  owne  it. “  Alfo  if  a  ftrange  arreft  be  made  of  certain  goods  and  prayfed,  and  after  four  dayes “  delivered  to  the  plaintiff,  then  a  third  man  comes  too  late  to  owne  the  goods,  &c. “  If  a  ftrange  arreft  be  made  of  certain  good  and  prayfed,  by  default  this  good  fhall “  pay  the  amerciament. Fines  to  the  Jheriffs. “  If  a  man  be  arrefted  by  a  plaint  of  debt  and  proffer  maine  pernors  for  to  have  him  at l£  the  next  court,  the  fheriff  fhall  have  a  fine  or  mainprize  of  him  that  is  arrefted,  for  eafe “  that  he  comes  not  in  prifon.  If  he  that  is  arrefted  abide  in  prifon  till  the  next  court, “  then  if  he  find  maine  pernors  he  fhall  pay  no  fine. “  If  a  man  be  arrefted  by  a  plaint  on  the  ftatute  of  labourers  he  fhall  be  brought  to “  prifon,  or  elfe  delivered  to  the  fheriffs,  and  if  the  fheriffs  have  him  to  mainprize,  or  in “  bade  to  the  next  court,  the  fheriffs  fhall  have  a  fine  or  a  mainprize,  and  for  that  fine “  they  are  in  jeopardy  for  to  loofe  to  the  king  forty  pound,  and  five  pound  to  the  partye “  and  after  the  firft  court  if  he  proffer  mainpernors ,  he  fhall  be  letten  to  mainprize  without “  any  fine  making. “  If  the  defendant  in  a  plaint  upon  the  ftatute  of  labourers  be  content  that  he  depart  out “  of  his  fervice  by  the  verdidbof  twelve  men,  he  that  is  convidt  for  the  contempt  againft “  the  ftatute  fhall  make  a  fine. “  If  a  man  put  forth  an  obligation,  or  any  other  deed  fealed,  and  that  be  denyed, “  and  by  a  verdict  of  twelve  men  it  be  found  to  be  his  deed,  then  he  that  denyeth  the ‘  deed,  for  his  falfehood,  fhall  goe  to  priffon,  or  elfe  he  fhall  make  fine  to  the  fhe- riffs. “  In  the  fame  manner  againward,  if  a  man  put  forth  an  obligation,  or  a  deed  enfealed u  and  it  be  denyed,  and  by  verdidt  of  twelve  men  it  be  proved  that  he  fealed  it  not,  or “  elfe  the  deed  to  be  found  falfe,  then  he  that  put  forth  the  falfe  deed  into  court  fhall “  goe  to  priffon,  or  make  fine  to  the  fheriffs,  and  the  deed  fhall  be  cancelled  and  damp- “  ned,  &c. “  If  a  man  be  convidt  by  a  plaint  of  treffpafs  by  a  verdidt  of  twelve  men,  and  it  be “  found  that  the  treffpafs  be  done  by  force  and  arms,  then  the  defendant  fhall  make  fine “  for  the  force  and  arms,  but  if  he  be  found  guilty  of  the  trtffpafs  only,  then  he  fhall “  make  no  fine. “  The  fheriffs  of  this  citty  fhall  have  affrayes  and  blood-wites  made  in  the  citty  in  form “  that  followeth,  if  any  affraye  or  bloodwite  be  prefented  to  the  fheriffs  by  any  ferjeant “  or  conftable,  and  they  that  made  the  affraye  or  bloodwite  be  arrefted  and  come  before “  the  fheriffs,  and  be  arraigned  thereof,  if  he  grant  the  affraye  or  bloodwite,  and  put  him “  in  the  king’s  grace  and  the  fheriffs,  then  he  fhall  pay  for  the  bloodwite  a  noble,  and  for “  the  affray  forty  pence  at  the  will  of  the  fheriffs.  But  if  he  deny  the  affraye  or  bloodwite, “  and  fay  that  he  will  be  declared  by  his  neighbours,  he  fhall  find  then  two  burrowes, “  or  four,  at  the  will  of  the  fheriffs  to  abide  an  inqueft  in  this  matter,  and  if  he  be  found “  guilty,  then  the  fheriffs  need  not  forgive  him  a  penny  thereof,  but  fett  it  at  more  if “  themfelves  like. “  The  affize  of  bread  belongs  to  the  fheriffs  with  all  the  proffit  that  appertains  there - “  unto,  and  the  affize  fhall  be  taken  in  form  that  follows,  that  is  to  fay,  the  fheriffs  what “  time  of  the  year,  harveft  or  other,  they  think  proper,  fhall  goe  to  the  mayor  and  fay, “  that  on  the  morrow  they  purpofe  to  take  the  affize  of  bread.  Then  on  the  morrow  the “  file  riffs  fhall  fend  their  four  ferjeants  into  all  the  city,  and  every  one  fhall  have  a  por- “  ter  with  him  and  a  kick,  to  the  huckfters  alfo,  if  they  like,  and  to  take  of  all  manner “  of  bread  to  bring  to  the  court,  both  waftell,  fimmell,  halfe  penny  loafe,  and  farthing “  loafe,  wholfome  bread  and  horfe-bread  to  bring  to  the  court,  and  that  all  the  bread  thus “  taken  by  ferjeants  fhall  be  laid  on  the  counter  to  be  weighed  in  the  court  •,  and  when tc  the  court  is  begun,  then  the  mayor  fhall  come  to  the  court  and  fitt  with  the  fheriffs  in  the “  tolhbootlje  for  to  take  the  affizes,  and  for  to  weigh  bread,  and  or  the  bread  be  weighed, “the  mayor  and  the  fheriffs  fhall  take  an  inqueft  when  the  court  is  moft  full  of  honeft  per- “  Ions  prefent,  and  when  the  inqueft  is  charged  their  charge  fhall  be  this, - to  enquire “  truly  how  the  market  went  the  Jaft  market  day,  before  the  taking  of  this  affize,  and “  then  they  fhall  enquire  of  their  prices,  firft  of  the  higheft  price,  of  the  middle  and  loweft “  price,  and  they  fhall  have  information  by  the  three  markett  keepers  if  they  will  and  when “  the  inqueft  has  given  their  verdidt  up  to  the  mayor  and  fheriffs  with  the  prices  middle, “  and  loweft,  then  fhall  the  affize  be  taken,  and  the  bread  in  every  degree  fhall  be  weighed “  by  the  weights  that  are  ordained  therefore,  and  what  every  loafe,  waftell,  fimmell,  &c. “  ought  to  weigh  fhall  be  declared  by  the  regifter  and  the  fheriffs  clerke.  When  the  bread “  is  weighed  and  the  weight  accord  with  the  fize,  then  every  baker  fhall  have  his  own “  bread Ch AP .  VI.  of  the  CITY  of  YOR K. “  bread  again  without  lofs,  and  in  cafe  the  bread  weigh  lefs  than  it  ought  to  do*  then  the “  backfters  (hall  be  amerced,  and  the  amerciament  fhall  be  to  the  fheriffs  j  and  if  fo  be “  the  loafe  or  waftell  weigh  lefs  then  it  ought  to  do  beneath  eleven  ounces,  then  the  fhe- “  riffs  fhall  have  of  him  that  baked  it  a  reafonable  amerciament,  and  if  the  loafe  or  waftell “  weigh  lefs  than  it  ought  to  do  by  eleven  ounces  or  more,  then  he  fhall  have  judgement “to  go  to  the  pillory  at  the  will  of  the  fherifFs,  and  the  fine  belongs  to  the  fherifFs. GOAL  and  GOAL-FEES. “  The  fheriffs  have  the  keeping  of  the  goal  in  the  citty,  and  there  fhall  be  no  mor tGoal-fea u  goals  in  the  citty  but  thofe  that  they  and  their  officers  fhall  keep  *,  and  of  every  man  that “  is  arrefted  and  entreth  the  goal  the  fheriff  fhall  have  four  pence,  if  he  ftep  but  once  with- “  in  the  door  and  come  out  again  •,  and  if  he  abide  there  feven  years  or  more,  he  fhall  pay “  but  four  pence  for  his  goal-fee. “If  the  mayor  fett  any  man  in  the  goal  for  things  that  belong  to  the  mayoralty,  he  that “  is  fett  in  the  goal  at  his  going  out  fhall  pay  no  goal-fees. “  In  diverfe  cafes  a  man  fhall  pay  goal-fees  if  he  comes  not  therein,  as  if  a  man  be  ar- “  refted  by  a  capias ,  by  the  commandment  of  the  king,  he  that  is  arrefted,  if  he  never  come “  in  priffon  fhall  pay  four  pence  for  his  fee. “  Alfo  he  that  is  arrefted  by  a  precept  of  peace  fhall  pay  goal-fees  if  he  never  come “  therein. “  Alfo  he  thats  arrefted  by  a  plaint  of  debt  fhall  pay  goal-fees  though  he  never  come “  therein. “  Alfo  he  thats  arrefted  by  a  capias  awarded  out  of  the  fheriffs  court,  if  the  ferjeantre- “  turn  a  nihil ,  fhall  pay  goal-fee  if  he  come  not  in  perfon. “  Alfo  if  a  man  be  arrefted  by  the  ftatute  of  labourers,  or  by  an  indictment  of  felony, “  or  on  a  plaint  of  treffpafs,  though  he  find  burrowes,  he  fhall  pay  goal-fee. A  table  of  fees  and  duties  which  are  allowed  to  be  paid  to  the  goaler  of  Ouze-bridge  by  prifon- ners  which  fhall  be  committed  or  retnaine  in  his  cuftody  •,  being  paffed  and  approved  on,  by  the right  honourable  the  lord-mayor  and  others  jujlices  of  the  peace ,  at  the  general  quarter  fejfions holden  for  the  city  of  York,  the  lafi  day  of  July,  anno  dojn.  1672. st  d. “  When  any  foreigner  or  ftranger  fhall  be  brought  to  the  faid  goal,  at  his  en-7 “  trance  fhall  pay  for  his  garnifh  not  above  C  2  ° “  For  his  dyett,  if  he  do  not  remain  in  goal  above  three  days,  his  lodging  to  7 “  included  r  4  o “  If  he  flay  in  goal  above  three  days,  then  for  his  dyett  and  lodging  for  one  7 “  week,  and  fo  for  every  week  after,  fo  long  as  he  continues  in  goal  J  °  ° “  And  if  after  the  firft  week  of  his  coming  to  prifon  he  think  fit  to  provide-? “  himfelf  of  dyett,  then  to  pay  the  goaler  for  his  lodging  per  night  J  °  4 “For  his  fees  to  the  goaler  at  his  releafing  2  4 ^  To  the  turnkey  o  4 “  And  for  a  freeman  at  his  entrance  to  the  goal,  if  he  intend  to  remain  in  the 7 “  high-houfe,  to  pay  for  his  garnifh  not  above  (  1  0 “  For  his  fee  at  his  enlargement  o  4 “  To  the  turnkey  o  4 “  And  as  to  dyett  and  lodging  as  a  foreigner. “  If  any  perfon  be  imprifoned  in  the  goalers  cuftody  upon  a  capias  ad fatisfa - “  ciendum  out  of  any  of  the  courts  at  Weflminjler ,  to  pay  not  above  two  pence  a t£  pound  for  eafe  of  his  irons. “  If  any  prifoner  defire  to  go  into  the  citty  about  his  neceflary  bufinefs,  and  7 “  the  goaler  fhall  fuffer  him  to  go  with  a  keeper,  he  fhall  pay  his  keeper  for  his  V  o  4 “  attendance,  fo  as  he  exceed  not  three  hours  } “  If  any  perfon  be  committed  in  open  court  of  affizes  or  feffions,  and  difeharged  / “  before,  or  upon  adjournment  of  the  court,  then  to  pay  the  goaler  only  twos, “  Shillings  and  no  more,  unlefs  he  defire  one  to  attend  him  till  he  go  into  theC  4  0 “  citty  to  procure  baile,  or  do  fome  bufinefs  therein,  then  to  pay  his  keeper  0 “  If  any  perfon  be  committ  upon  fufpition  of  treafon  or  fellony,  and  con- 7 “  v idled  for  the  fame,  and  be  reprieved  or  plead  his  pardon,  he  fhall  pay  to  the?-  9  6 “  goaler  for  his  fee  at  his  enlargement “  And  its  further  ordered  that  every  perfon  or  perfons  of  what  degree,  ftation  or  con- “  d'tion  whatsoever,  he  or  they  be  or  fhall  be,  being  or  remaining  a  priffoner  within  the “  raid  goale,  that  fhall  ufe  any  unlawfull  fwearing,  railing,  reafoning,  or  other  undecent “  conference  of  any  matters  whatfoever  at  any  time  or  times,  that  every  fuch  perfon  or “  perfons  lo  offending  fhall  forfeitt  for  every  fuch  default  twelve  pence,  to  be  levied  and “to  be  bellowed  upon  the  poor  men  in  the  low  priffon  j  or  elfe  every  fuch  perfon  fo “  offending 1 95 4 i The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. “  offending  to  be  put  into  the  f.iid  low  prifion,  at  the  difcretion  of  the  keeper  or  his 44  deputys. “  And  its  further  ordered  that  every  perfon  or  perfons  that  ffiall  goe  affray  without  the 44  faid  goale,  not  having  the  licence  or  confent  of  their  keeper  or  his  deputys,  ffiall  for- 44  feit  for  every  fuch  default  twelve  pence,  to  be  levied  lor  the  ufe  of  the  poor  men  in  the 44  low  goal,  or  elfe  every  fuch  perfon  lb  offending  fhall  fuffer  as  above. Sheriff •officers  44  The  officers  belonging  to  the  fheriffs  courts  are  firft  their, 44  Deputys  or  underjheriffs ,  each  of  them  ohe,  who  are  men  of  the  law,  and  chofen  by “  themlclves. 44  A  prothonator ,  who  is  alfo  clerk  of  the  peace,  and  keeper  of  the  fheriffs  office  and “  records  of  the  court. 44  Four  attourneys ,  four  ferjeants  at  mace  to  execute  writs  and  precepts;  two  bqyliffs  of  the “  weapontack  of  the  fffneittp,  and  a  goaler  or  keeper  of  the  prilons. SHERIFFS  RIDING. Sheriffs  ridina,  “  The  fheriffs  by  the  cuftom  of  the  citty  do  ride  to  feveral  parts  in  the  fame  every  year, 14  betwixt  Michaelmas  and  midwinter ,  that  is  fPoolg,  and  there  to  make  proclamation  in “  the  form  following. Proclamation.  44  O  yes,  &?«.*.  we  Command  in  our  liege  lord’s  behalf  the  king  of  England  whom  God 44  fa ve  and  keep,  that  the  peace  of  the  king  be  well  kept  and  maintained  within  this  city, 44  and  the  fuburbs  thereof  by  night  and  by  day  with  all  manner  of  men,  both  gentle  and 44  fimple,  in  pain  that  falls  thereon. 44  Alfo  wc  command  that  no  man  walk  armed  within  the  city  by  night  or  by  day,  ex- 44  cept  the  officers  affigned  for  keeping  the  peace,  on  pain  of  forfeiting  his  armour  and  his 44  body  to  prifon. 44  Alfo  we  command  that  the  b  ikers  of  the  city  bake  good  bread,  and  of  good  boulter, 44  and  fell  after  the  aflize,  &c.  and  that  no  baker  nor  no  huckfler  put  to  fale  any  manner 44  of  bread,  unlefs  that  ic  be  feded  with  a  feal  delivered  from  the  fheriffs. 44  Alfo  we  command  that  the  brewers  of  the  city  brew  good  ale,  andwholfome  for  mans 44  body,  and  fell  after  the  affize,  and  by  meafure  enfealed. 44  Alfo  that  no  manner  of  man  pafs  out  of  the  citty  by  night  or  by  day  to  encounter  any 44  manner  of  victual  coming  to  the  city  to  fell,  neither  by  water  nor  by  land,  to  lett  to  come 44  to  the  market,  upon  paine  ordained  therefore. 44  Alfo  that  corn  brought  to  the  market  be  purfuand ,  i.  e.  as  good  beneath  in  the  fack  as 44  above,  upon  forfeiture  of  the  fame  corn  and  his  body  to  prifon. 44  Alfo  that  corn  thats  once  brought  into  the  market  to  fell,  be  not  led  out  of  the  mar- 44  ket  for  to  keep  from  market-day  to  market-day,  without  licence  of  the  ffieriff  or  his 44  deputys,  upon  pain  that  falls  thereupon. 44  Alfo  we  command  that  no  manner  of  man  walk  in  the  city  nor  in  the  fuburbs  by 44  night  without  light  before  him,  i.  e.  from  ^afetje  to  Michaelmas  after  ten  of  the  clock, 44  and  from  Michaelmas  to  pafctjc  after  nine  of  the  clock. 44  Alfo  we  command  that  no  oftler  harbour  any  ftrange  man  no  longer  than  a  night 44  and  a  day,  unlefs  he  do  the  fheriffs  to  witt,  and  if  he  do  the  contrary  he  fhall  anfwer 44  for  his  deeds. 44  Alfo  we  command  that  no  foreign  vidtualer  bring  any  vitfluals  to  the  city  for  to  fell, 44  whether  that  it  be  fleffi,  or  fiffi,  or  poultry,  diat  he  bring  it  to  the  market-ftead  li- 44  mitted  therefore  in  the  city,  and  not  fell  it  or  it  come  there,  upon  pain  that  falls  there- “  upon. 44  Alfo  we  command  that  the  lanes  and  flreets  of  the  citty  be  cleanfed  of  all  manner  of 44  nuifance,  i.  e.  of  flocks,  of  Hones,  of  middings,  and  of  all  manner  of  filth,  on  the  paine 44  that  falls  thereupon. 44  Alfo  we  command  that  no  manner  of  men  make  no  infurredtion,  congregation,  or 44  affembly  within  the  city  or  fuburbs  in  dillurbance  of  the  peace;  nor  in  letting  of  the 44  execution  of  the  common-law,  upon  paine  of  punifhment,  and  all  that  he  may  forfeit 44  to  the  king. 44  Alfo  that  no  common  woman  walk  in  the  flreet  without  a  ra^ljCOD  (p)  Olt  Ijcr  JieaD  anD 44  a  foano  in  [jet  fjano. This  proclamation  I  have  given  at  length  as  it  was  antiently  ufed  in  the  city,  what  is Ceremony  of  ufed  now  is  much  abridged.  The  ceremony  of  riding,  one  of  the  greatefl  ffiews  the  city '  .ding,  of  York ,  does  exhibit,  is  performed  on  this  manner,  the  riding  day  of  the  fheriffs  isufually on  Wednefday ,  eight  days  after  Martinmas ;  but  they  are  not  llri&ly  tied  to  that  day,  any day  betwixt  Martinmas  and  |3cole>  that  is  Chriftmas ,  may  ferve  for  the  ceremony.  It  is then  they  appear  on  horfeback,  apparelled  in  their  black  gowns  and  velvet  tippits,  their horfes  in  fuicable  furniture,  each  ffieriff  having  a  white  wand  in  his  hand,  a  badge  of  his (f)  A  radiated,  or  ftriped,  hood  I,  fuppofe. 44  office 2 Chap.  VI.  of  the  CITY  «/YORK,  I?7 office,  and  a  fervant  to  lead  his  horfe,  who  alfo  carries  a  gilded  truncheon.  Their  fer- jeants  at  mace,  attorneys  and  other  officers  of  their  courts,  on  horfeback  in  their  gowns riding  before  them.  Thefe  are  preceeded  by  the  city’s  waites,  or  muficians,  in  their  leaflet liveries  and  filver  badges  playing  all  the  way  through  theftreets.  One  of  thefe  waites  wear¬ ing  on  his  head  a  red  pinked  or  tattered  ragged  cap,  a  badge  of  l'o  great  antiquity,  the  rife  or original  oi  it  cannot  be  found  out.  Then  follows  a  great  concourfe  of  country  gentlemen, citizens,  (Ac.  on  horfeback,  who  are  invited  to  do  this  honour  to  and  afterwards  dine  with them,  and  though  they  dine  feparately  I  have  feen  near  four  hundred  people  at  one  enter¬ tainment.  In  this  equipage  and  manner,  with  the  fheriffs  waiters  diftinguiffied  by  cockades in  their  hats,  who  are  ufually  their  friends  now,  but  formerly  were  their  fervants  in  livery cloaks,  they  firft  ride  up  Micklegate  into  the  yard  of  the  priory  of  the  Trinity  (q),  where one  of  the  ferjeants  at  mace  makes  proclamation  as  has  been  given.  Then  they 'ride  through the  principal  ffreets  of  the  city,  making  the  fame  proclamation  at  the  corners  of  the  ftreets on  the  weft  fide  Oufebridge.  After  that  at  the  corner  of  Cajllegate  and  Oufegatc ;  then  at  the corner  of  Coneyjtreet  and  Stontgate  overagainft  th  e  Common-ball-,  then  again  at  the  fouth  gate of  the  Minfter.  After  that  they  ride  unto  St.  Marygate  tower  without  Booth am-b ttr, making  the  fame  proclamation  there.  Then  returning  they  ride  through  the  flreets  of Petergate}  Colliergate ,  FoJJgate,  over  Foffbridge  into  Walmgate ,  where  the  proclamation  is again  made  ;  and  laltly  they  return  into  the  market-place  in  the  Pavement ;  where  theftme ceremony  being  repeated,  the  fheriffs  depart  to  their  own  houfes,  and  after  to  their  houfe of  entertainment;  which  is  ufually  at  one  of  the  publick  halls  in  the  city. (r)  “  The  fherirfs  of  the  city  of  Fork  have  antiently  ufed  on  St.  Thomas’s  day  the  apoftle  . “  before  |3a)Ic,  at  toll  of  the  bell  to  come  to  Allhallows  kirk  in  the  Pavement ,  and  there  to “  hear  a  mafs  of  St.  Thomas  at  the  high  quiere,  and  to  offer  at  the  mafs  ;  and  when  mafs “  was  done  to  make  proclamation  at  the  pillory  of  the  f0a>le;girtj)Ol,  in  the  form  that  fol- “  lows  by  their  ferjeant,  (Ac. “  We  command  that  the  peace  of  our  lord  the  king  be  well  keeped  and  mayntayned “  by  night  and  by  day,  (Ac.  prout  folebat  in  proclamation  praedibl’  vicecoinilum  in  eorum “  equitation. “  Allb  that  all  manner  of  Mjo.tCS,  tjjiefjes,  Dtcc.-pIaECrg,  and  al)  other  untlpiffy  folk “  be  Wellcome  to  the  towne,  whether  they  come  late  or  early,  at  the  reverence  of  the  Ijitjfj “  fcallc  of  Pule,  till  the  twelve  dayes  b‘e  paired. “  The  proclamation  made  in  form  aforefaid,  the  fewer  lerjeants  fhall  go  and  ride,  whi- “  ther  they  will,,  and  one  of  them  fhall  have  a  Ijojnc  Of  l)rafS  of  the  folUbootfjC,  and  the “  other  three  ferjeants  fhall  have  each  of  them  a  jjojltc,  and  fo  go  forth  to  the  fower  barrs “  of  die  cittyand  blow  the  pmlcqjtrtljc :  and  the  fheriffs  for  that  day  ufe  to  goe  together, “they  and  their  wives,  and  their  officers,  at  the  reverence  of  the  high  feaft  of  gkolc,  at “  their  proper  cofts,  (Ac. Having  now  gone  through  the  feveral  courts,  (Ac.  of  the  fheriffs,  I  come  next  to  give  an  ,  , account  of  chofe  courts  in  the  city  where  the  lord-mayor  prefides,  and  firft  of  the  court  tkmrl ?“W' GUILD-HALL. (s)  “  This  court  is  a  very  antient  court  of  record,  and  is  always  held  in  ©IlilD.-fjal!  be-  Cmrt.fG.Hi- “  fore  the  lord-mayor  and  fheriffs  of  York  for  the  time  being,  for  all  pleas,  real,  mixed,  ball.  4 “  and  perfonal ;  and  when  any  matter  is  to  be  argued  or  tried  in  this  court,  Mr.  recorder “  fits  as  judge  with  the  lord-mayor  and  fheriffs,  and  gives  rules  and  judgements  therein. HUS  TING. “This  court  is  the  fame,  with  that  called  the  court  of  Huftings  in  Guild-hall,  London,  ,r  bufiing. “  as  appears  by  Flcta,  1.  2.  in  the  chap,  de  differentiis  curiarum,  (Ac.  habet  rex  curiam  fuam, “  (Ac.  cl  in  civilatibus  et  burgis,  et  in  huftingis  London,  Lincoln,  Winton,  et  Eborum  ;  el “  alibi  in  liberlatibus,  (Ac.  cap.  4S.  habet  rex  curiam  fuam  in  civilatibus  burgis  f A  locis,  exeunt “  ficut  in  huftingis  London,  Lincoln,  Winton,  Eborum,  et  apttd  Shepii  ubi  barones  et  civet “  recordum  habent,  (Ac.  fo  that  neither  the  name  nor  court  is  appropriated  fingly  to  Lon- “  don  ( t) . “  This  court  muft  be  held  on  Monday  every  week,  the  title  of  the  court  by  an  antient “  regifter-book  in  the  councel-chamber  on  Ottfebridge  is  as  followeth: “  Placita  cur’  Ebor’  tent’  ib„  coram  majore  et  balivis  civ’  Ebor’  die  luxe  pros’  ante  fed’  Title. “  S.  Auguflini  anno  regni  regis  R.  ii.  poft  conqueft’  fcxto(u).  And  again, “  Curia  doin’  regis  civ’  fue  praeditt’  tent’  ibid’  apud  ©utlhljallMm  pred’  fecund’  confuetudinent ‘  ‘  et  libert’  pred’  (Ac.  coram  prefatis  majore  et  balivis  die  lune pros’  antefejlum  converf.  S.  Pauli “  anno  regni  regis  predict’ ,  (Ac.  (x). [q)  The  riding  of  the  fheriffs  into  this  priory,  and  into Biotbam ,  formerly  the  jurifdiftion  of  the  abbot  of  St. M/iry's,  mull  have  commenced  a  cuffom  fince  the  refor¬ mation  ;  and  feems  to  be  a  taking  polTeflion  of  tho'c  two, before  privileged,  places. (r)  Ex  antiqito  regift.  Ebor. 4 (j)  From  the  fame  manufeript  as  before. (/)  Vide  Stowe's  annals  p.  769.  Cook's  inft.  pt.  4. fol.  247,  &c. (u)  Lib.  5.  fol.  1  36. [x)  Lib.  n,.  fol.  137.  temp.  reg.  E.  III. “  In E  e  e 198 tn  ■  '  1 deeds. Wills. Replevying  of gocas. Lord- mayors court. Court  of  lain and  etfuity. CorreP.ior.  ef offences. Determine  of pleas. Court  of  or¬ phans. Court  of  com¬ mon-council. Court  of  ward¬ mote. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. In  this  court  deeds  may  be  enrolled,  recoveries  may  be  palled,  wills  may  be  proved; “replevins,  writts  of  error,  writts  of  right,  patents,  writts  of  waft,  writts  of  partition  and “  writts  of  dower  may  be  determined  for  any  matters  within  the  city  of  York,  and  liberties “  thereof. “  The  method  for  inrolling  of  deeds  is  thus;  firft  the  partys  that  fealed  the  deed  mult “  go  before  the  lord  mayor,  or  the  recorder  and  one  alderman,  and  acknowledge  it  to “  be  their  adl  and  deed,  and  if  a  wife  be  a  party  (he  is  examined  by  them  whether  it  was “  done  freely  by  her  and  without  compulfion,  and  then  his  lordfhip,  &c.  fets  his  or  their “  hands  in  teftimony  thereof.  Then  the  deed  mult  be  delivered  to  the  clerk  of  the  en- “  rollments,  who  will  at  the  court  next  following  caufe  proclamation  to  be  made,  if  any “  perfon  can  fay  any  thing  why  the  faid  deed  lhall  not  be  enrolled,  and  then  proceeds  to “  enroll  the  fame. “  A  deed  enrolled  in  this  court  of  Guild-hall  in  York  is  accounted  as  good  as  a  fine  in “  common  law,  for  that  it  barrs  the  wife  from  claiming  her  dower. “  When  a  will  is  to  be  proved  in  the  court  of  Guild-hall ,  the  witnefles  thereto  mull  be “  fworn  at  lbme  court  at  Guild-ball ,  and  if  their  evidence  be  full,  the  clerk  of  the  inrollments “  will  enter  it  upon  record,  which  is  the  beft  way  of  proving  wills  touching  eftates  in  the “  city  of  York  and  libertys  thereof,  &c. “  When  any  perfon  would  replevy  goods  in  York  he  muft  go  to  the  prothonitor,  or  clerk “  of  the  court,  and  give  in  the  particulars,  and  fecurity  to  reftore  the  goods  or  the  value, “  in  cafe  upon  a  tryal  it  fhall  appear  the  fame  did  not  belong  unto  him.  And  then  the “  clerk  will  give  a  warrant  to  one  of  the  flier  ids  officers  to  caufe  the  goods  to  beapprayfed, “  and  to  deliver  them  to  the  plaintiir.  After  the  apprayfment  made,  and  the  goods  de- “  livered,  the  officer  muft  make  return  thereof  to  the  cierk,  £s?c.  who  will  immediately “  thereupon  certify  the  record  thereof  into  this  court,  where  the  fame  muft  be  decided.  And if  iffue  fhall  be  joined  to  try  in  whom  the  property  of  the  goods  was  when  the  fame ‘‘  were  taken,  a  jury  muft  be  fiimmoned  to  try  the  iffue,  &c. The  lord-mayor* s  courts  or  court  of  mayor  and  aldermen. “  This  court  is  a  court  of  record,  and  ought  to  be  held  at  the  chamber  of  the  Guild - “  hall ;  the  recorder  of  'the  city  of  York  for  the  time  being  is  judge  of  this  court;  but  the “  mayor  and  aldermen  do  fit  as  judges  with  him.  This  court  is  held  by  cuftom,  and  all “  proceedings  are  faidto  be  before  the  mayor  and  aldermen. “  This  court  is  a  court  both  of  law  and  equity,  for  there  are  proceedings  at  law  by tl  action  and  arreft  of  the  body,  as  alfo  by  attachments  of  the  defendant’s  goods. “  It  is  alfo  a  court  of  chancery  or  equity  held  before  the  lord-mayor  .  i.Ikq  do “  proceed  by  Englifh  bill,  anfwer  replication  and  rejoinder,  much  I:  ■  the  proceedings  in **  the  high  court  of  chancery,  and  is  held  every  day  in  the  week  if  the  lord-mayor  pleafe <c  to  fit. “  The  cuftom  of  the  city  is  and  has  been  time  out  of  mind,  that  when  a  man  is  implead- “  ed  before  the  fheriffs,  the  mayor,  upon  the  fuggeftion  of  the  defendant,  may  fend  for the  partys,  and  for  the  record,  and  examine  the  partys  upon  their  pleas;  and  if  it  be “  found  upon  examination  that  the  plaintiff  is  fatisfied,  that  of  lo  much  he  may  barr  him, “  but  not  after  judgment. “  In  this  court  the  mayor,  aldermen,  and  fheriffs  redrefs  and  corredt  all  offences  againft the  cuftoms  and  ordinances  of  the  city,  andjuftify  vidtualers  and  people  of  all  myiterys “  and  occupations,  and  treat  and  ordain  for  the  general  good  of  the  city,  and  do  right  to “  all  that  repair  to  it. “  Here  they  determine  pleas  of  debt,  and  other  adtions  perfonal,  betwixt  merchant  and “  merchant,  to  whomfoever  will  complain,  as  does  at  large  appear  in  the  regifter-book  in •c  the  councel-chamber  on  Oufebridge ,  marked  A,  fol.  333. “  In  this  high  court  of  mayor  and  aldermen  are  alfo  many  other  courts  included.  As “  firft, “  A  court  for  orphans ,  which  court  is  ufually  kept  monthly  at  the  will  of  the  mayor, “  for  the  ufe  of  the  poor  of  the  city,  and  for  binding  of  apprentices,  granting  weekly “  allowances  to  poor  and  needy  citizens,  and  providing  for  fatherlefs  children,  poor  wi- “  dows,  &c. “  A  court  of  common-council,  in  this  court  they  make  conftitutions  and  laws  for  the  ad- “  vancement  of  trade  and  traffick,  and  for  the  better  government  of  the  city,  and  for  the “  better  execution  of  the  laws  and  ftatutes  of  the  realm,  or  pro  bono  publico ,  fo  as  thefe “  conftitutions  and  laws  be  not  contrary  to  the  laws  and  ftatutes  of  the  realm.  And  thefe “  adts  being  made  by  the  faid  mayor,  aldermen  and  common-councel  do  bind  within  the  city “  of  York ,  and  the  libertys  thereof.  They  of  the  commonality  do  give  their  confent  by  hold- “  ing  up  of  their  hands.  The  lord-mayor,  aldermen,  fheriffs,  common-councel-men,  re- “  corder,  city  councel,  water-bayliffs,  (Ac.  are  eledted  into  their  feveral  offices  by  this  court. “  A  court  of  ward-mote ,  which  refembles  country  leets,  every  ward  being  as  a  hundred, “  and  the  parifhes  as  towns  ;  and  in  every  ward  there  is  an  inqueft  of  twelve  or  more  fworn “  every  year  to  enquire  of  and  prefent  nufances  and  other  offences,  by  not  paving  of  the “  ftreecs  and  lanes  of  the  city  and  fuburbs. “  A  court Chap.  VI.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  15,9 “  A  court  ofhall-m'.e ,  tin's  is  derived  from  Ml  and  mote,  which  is  as  much  as  to  fay  Of  hall-note. “  ball-court  *,  conventus  civium  in  dulam  publicum.  Every  company  of  crafts  have  a  hall “wherein  they  keep  their  court,  which  was  antiently  called  the  fjalhttlflte  or  fol!t0f “  mote. “  A  court  of  chamberlains ,  in  this  court  all  indentures  of  apprentices  are  and  ought  to  beQ  . ;  , “  enrolled  •,  and  the  lord- mayor  and  chamberlains  are  judges  of  all  complaints  here,  either  a' “  of  the  matter  again  11  the  fervant  or  fervant  againft  the  matter,  and  punifheth  the  of- “  fender  at  their  diferetions.  In  this  court  are  made  free  all  apprentices;  a  man  may  be “  made  free  of  the  city  of  York  three  feveral  ways* I.  fy.fervice,  as  in  cafe  of  apprentkelhip.  Trnimoftbe “  2.  By  birthright ,  being  the  fon  ofa  freeman,  and  that  is  called  freedom  by  his  father's  city. “  copy. “3.  By  redemption ,  by  order  of  the  court  of  mayor  and  aldermen. “  A  court  of  coroner ,  the  mayor  is  coroner  within  the  city,  And  this  court  is  holden  bt- Of  coroners. “  fore  him,  or  the  fherifts,  or  their  deputys,  &c. “  A  court  of  efebedtor ,  the  lord-mayor  is  alfo  efeheator  within  the  faid  city,  and  this  court Ofe/cbedur. “  is  holden  before  him  or  his  deputies,  (Ac.  This  court  having  been  dependant  upon  the “  court  of  wards  is  now  along  with  it  out  of  date. I  fhall  here  give  the  reader  an  odd  cuttom  antiently  held  in  this  city,  which  I  tranflate out  of  the  record  j  of  a  releafe  and  forgivenefs  of  a  Ion  for  his  father’s  death  to  the  perfon that  occafioned  it  before  the  mayor  and  court  of  aldermen  ;  We  mutt  fuppofe  the  death  ac¬ cidental,  the  tenour  of  the  record  runs  thus  ; (y )  Memorandum ,  that  on  Monday  the27'bday  of  February ,  anno  do?n.  1390,  and  in  the  An  antient fourteenth  year  of  the  reign  of  king  Richard  II,  were  affembled  in  the  council-chamber on  Ottfcb  ridge,  Robert  Savage  then  mayor,  John  de  Hove  den.  John  de  Doncajler  bayliffs,  with John  dc  Rippon ,  Robert  del  Gate ,  Robert  Warde,  John  de  Bolton ,  William  de  Rumlay ,  Hugh Straunge  and  other  creditable  perfons,  amongft  whom  perfonally  appeared  Ralph  del  See  the fon  of  Richard  del  See  of  Fork.  Whiltt  thefe  were  treating  and  talking,  a  certain  man called  Robert  de  Ellerbeck  mercer,  came  into  the  aforefaid  chamber  before  the  mayor,  bay- lifts  and  other  honett  citizens,  with  naked  feet  and  head  uncovered  ;  who  kneeling  down and  proftrating  himfelf  belorc  the  faid  Ralph  del  See  befoughthim  humbly  in  thefe  words; weeping,  I  bejeech  thee  Ralph,  for  the  love  of  our  lord  Jefus  Chrilt,  who  redeemed  mankind  by his  pretious  blood  on  the  crofs 4  that  thou  will  pardon  and  remit  to  me  the  death  of  Richard  del See  thy  father.  At  which  words  the  aforefaid  mayor,  bayliffs  and  other  citizens  together, intreated  the  faid  Ralph ,  that  for  the  love  of  God  he  would  forgive  the  faid  Robert  de  El¬ lerbeck  the  death  of  Richard  his  father.  Which  fame  Ralph ,  being  moved  to  pity,  turn¬ ing  himfelf  to  the  laid  Robert ,  weeping,  laid,  in  reverence  to  God ,  and  at  the  entreaty  of  thefe worthy  men ,  and  for  the  fake  of  the  foul  of  the  Jaid  Richard,  I  remit  and  releafe  to  thee  for  ever the  death  of  the  faid  Richard  del  See  my  father. The  court  of  confervator  of  the  water  and  ri-Ver  of  Oufe. (if)  “  The  lord-mayor,  aldermen,  and  recorder  for  the  time  being,  four,  three  or  tvcoCourt  0r  COn “  ol  them,  of  whom  the  lord-mayor  and  recorder  always  to  be,  have  the  confervation  and fervationof  tlc “  be  juftices  to  overlee  and  keep  the  waters  and  great  rivers  of  Oufes,  Humber ,  Wharf e,  Der-  ri-.er  oufe. “•  went.  Are ,  Dun ,  as  well  in  the  county  of  Fork  and  Lincoln ,  and  in  the  county  of  the “  city  of  Fork,  that  is  the  river  of  Wharf \  from  the  water  and  river  of  Oufe  unto  the  town “  and  bridge  of  Tadcajler ,  Derwent  unto  the  town  and  bridge  of  Sutton.  Are  unto  the “  town  and  pool  of  the  milns  at  Knottingley.  Dun  to  the  town  and  milns  of  Doncafter ,  to “  correct  and  amend  the  defettt  thereof,  and  to  the  due  execution  of  the  ftatutes  made  for “  the  like  purpofes,  according  to  the  ftrength,  form,  and  effects  of  the  fame,  as  well  by “  their  overfeeing,  advifements,  and  directions,  as  by  inquifition  to  be  taken  thereupon, “  wichin  the  liberties  and  without  if  at  any  time  it  fhall  be  needful,  and  to  hear  and  deter- “  mine  upon  the  premifles  according  to  the  law  and  duftom  of  the  realm.  They  are  alfo  to “  forefee  the  ftreams,  milnes,  ftankes,  pales,  piles  and  kiddals  made  before  the  time  of “  Edward  the  fon  of  king  Henry  •,  and  thofe  which  fhall  be  found  too  high  or  ftrait,  to “correft,  pull  down  and  mend  according  to  the  form,  force  and  effeCt  of  the  aforefaid “  ftatutes,  and  according  to  the  law  and  cuttom  aforefaid  *,  and  have  authority  to  punifh “  fuch  as  ufe  unlawful  nets,  or  other  unlawful  engins  in  fiftiing,  or  that  take  filh  under  fize “  or  unfealonably.  And  to  do  and  execute  all  other  things  fingular  in  the  waters  and  ri- “  vers  aforefaid,  within  the  marks  and  limits  aforefaid,  as  the  mayor  and  citizens  of  the “  city  of  London  have  ufed  or  ought  to  do  in  the  water  and  river  of  Thames.  Vide  chart „ “  Ed.  IV.  anno  regni  2.  et  anno  doin.  1462. “  The  court  is  held  before  the  lord-mayor  at  fuch  times  as  he  fhall  appoint  and  direct, “  within  the  refpeCtive  countys  near  adjacent  to  the  faid  city  of  Fork. “  ACts  of  parliament  for  the  confervation  of  the  river  of  Oufe ,  and  other  great  rivers. ( z)  From  the  fame  manufeript  3s  before. (y)  Exreg.  lit.  A.  fol.  144. “  The 200 the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. dBuffatlic-  «  The  waters  of  Humber,  Oufe,  Tie;:!,  Dunn,  Art,  Wbmft,  Derwent,  &c.  fhalJ  be  in “  defence  for  taking  fklmons,  (Ac.  And  there  fhall  be  alligned  overfeers  of  this  ftatute,  (Ac. “  IVcfmin.jicr  c.  47.  1 3  Ed.  I. “  The  ftatute  13  Edward  I,  confirmed  joining  to  the  lame,  (Ac.  In  thewaters  of  Thames, “  Humber,  Oufe,  and  other  waters  of  the  realm,  there  fhall  be  alligned  and  fworn  <?ood “  and  fufficient  confervators  of  the  ftatute  as  in  the  ftatute  of  IVeftmmfter,  ut  fupra.  ° “  For  default  of  good  confervators,  (Ac.  it  is  accorded,  (Ac.  that  the  juftices  of  the  peace “  in  the  countys  of  England  fhall  be  confervators  of  the  ftatute  in  the  countys  where  they “  be  juftices,  (Ac.  And  that  they,  and  every  of  them,  at  all  times  fhall  furvey  the  offences “  and  defaults  attempted  againft  the  ftatutes  aforefaid  ;  and  fhall  furvey  and  fearch  all  che “  wears  in  fuch  rivers,  (Ac.  17  Rich.  II.  c.  9. “  The  chancellour  of  England  fhall  have  power  to  grant  commiffions  to  enquire,  redrefs “  and  amend  all  defaults  in  rivers,  and  annoyances  of  the  pafiage  of  boats  in  the  waters, “  according  to  the  purport  and  tenour  of  the  ftatutes.  3  Hen.  VI.  c.  5. “  An  aft  was  made  for  amending  of  the  rivers  Oufe  and  Humber,  and  pulling  down “  and  avoyding  of  fifhgarths,  piles,  flakes  and  other  things  fet  in  the  laid  river,  (Ac. “  23  Hen.  VIII.  c.  j  8. “  An  act  made  againft  calling  into  any  channel  or  river,  flowing  or  running  to  any “  port-town  or  to  any  city,  (Ac.  any  ballad,  rubbifh,  gravel,  or  any  other  wreck  or  filth “  but  only  on  the  land  above  the  full  fea,  (Ac.  penalty  five  pound.  34  Hen.  VIII.  c.  9. “It  is  ordained  that  the  lord  admiral  of  England ,  the  mayor  of  the  city  of  London  for “  the  time  being,  and  all  and  every  perfon  and  perfons,  bodys  politick  and  corporate  which “  by  grant,  and  other  lawful  ways  and  means,  have  or  ought  to  have  any  conlervation  or “  prelervation  of  any  rivers,  ftreams  or  waters,  or  punilhment  and  correction  of  offences “  committed  in  them,  fhall  have  full  power  and  authority  to  enquire  of  offences  done  with- “  in  his  or  their  lawful  rule,  government,  jurifdidion  and  confervation,  &V.  faving  to  eve- “  ry  perfon  and  perfons,  bodys  politick  and  corporate  all  fuch  right,  title,  intereft,  claim, “  privilege,  conlervation,  enquiry  and  punilhment  as  they  lawfully  have  and  enjoy,  or  of “  right  ought  to  have  and  enjoy  by  any  manner  of  means,  &c.  1  Eliz.  c.  16.  (a) Jurf  union  if  “  The  city  of  London  have  jurifdidion  over  the  river  of  Thames  in  point  of  right, London  over  “  Wf  (b  ), _ c  y  ..  .  .  .  _ "f  “  i  -  By  prefeription. “  6.  By  decrees  upon  hearing  coram  rege “  ipfo  in  camera  ftellata. “  2.  By  allowance  in  eyre. “3.  Byantient  charters. “  4.  By  ads  of  parliament. “  5.  By  inquifition. “  7.  By  letters  patents. “  8.  By  proclamations. “  9.  By  report  of  the  king’s  councel. “  10.  By  quo  warranto. Secondly  in  point  of  ufage. “  1.  By  ordinances  antient. “  2.  By  punilhment  of  offenders. “  3.  By  writts  and  precepts. “  4.  By  accounts  for  charges  of  fearchers. “  5.  By  commiffion. “  6.  By  continual  claim  ever  fince  37  Hen- “  ry  VIII,  when  the  lord  admiral  firlt “  interrupted  their  authority  below  Lon- “  don-bridge. Lord-mayor  of  “  In  all  or  molt  of  thefe  abovementioned  refpeds  the  mayor  and  commonality  of  the York's  jurij-  “  city  of  York,  do  challenge  the  like  jurifdidion  in  the  river  Oufe ,  &c.  The  lord-mayor “  always  bearing  the  ftyle  and  title  of  confervator  or  overfeer  thereof.  Firlt  in  point  of “  right,  as “  That  the  city  of  York  always  had  the  election  of  a  water-bay! if,  who  was  ufed  to  be “  fworn  yearly  in  common  hall  on  St.  Blaze  day,  well  and  truly  to  execute  his  office  as “  other  officers  of  the  city  are. “  In  the  book  of  the  regilter  of  Robert  Hall  (c)  you  may  find  this  office  of  water-bay- “  liff,  and  that  the “  IValer-baylijf  fhall  at  the  command  of  the  lord-mayor  go  down  at  the  common  coll “  and  purfue  the  iucatS  and  fifijgactljs  in  the  water  of  Oufe ,  and  bounders  within  the  king’s “  commiffion, “  The  bounders  of  the  river  are  as  antient  as  the  bounders  of  the  franchifes  of  the  city, “  and  the  mayor  and  bayliffs  have  ufed  always  to  make  arrefts  and  executions  in  the  laid “  water  ot  Oufe  (d). “  See  23  Henry  VIII.  c.  18.  for  amending  of  the  river  of  Oufe,  and  feveral  other  ads  of “  parliament  as  before  mentioned,  which  fee  at  large  in  the  book  of  ads. “  The  mayor  and  aldermen  have  always  had  the  power  of  correding  and  amending  the “  abules  of  the  river,  and  doing  execution  upon  the  ftatutes  made  for  thatpurpofe,  by  inqui- “  fition  or  otherways  at  their  diferetion. (а)  Rafafs  (latutes,  c.  17.  fol.  180.  (d)  See  regiftcr-book,  council  chamber,  let.  A.  fol. (б)  Steve's  furvey  of  London,  fol.  1 8.  20,  314. (r)  33  Henry  VIII. “  In Chap.  VI.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  201 “In  the  regifter-book,  councel-chamber,  letter  A  (e)  you  have  recorded  a  command  4  By  decrees. u  from  the  king  againft  the  admiralty,  upon  a  difference  betwixt  the  admiralty  and  the  ci- “  ty,  as  to.  the  jurifdidtion  of  the  river  of  Oufe ,  &c. “By  letters  patterns  of  king  Edward  IV,  in  the  fecond  year  of  his  reign  (/),  which  5.  By  letters .  “  grants  and  confirms  the  overfight  of  water  and  river  of  Oufe ,  &c.  to  the  mayor,  aldermen,  Patent' “  recorder,  &c. “  In  point  of  ufage. “  The  city  of  York  have  always  from  time  to  time  made  ordinancys  for  better  regulatings.  By  antient “  the  fifhery  and  fifhermen, ,  and  other  matters  in  the  river  of  Oufe ,  and  punifhing  offenders^^^- “  upon  information,  or  therways. “  In  the  regifter-book  letter  A  as  before  (g),  it  is  recorded,  that  in  the  fourteenth  year;.  By  writs <c  of  king  Richard  II,  the  fheriffs  of  the  city  of  York  did  execution  of  a  judgement  outar.d  precepts. V  °f  the  fheriffs  court  upon  a  fhip'  and  goods  upon  the  river  of  Oufe,  &c. “  In  the  feveral  regifter-books  of  the  city,  from  time  to  time,  will  appear  the  accounts  8.  By  accounts. “  and  charges  of  the  lord-mayor  and  chamberlains  view  of  the  river  of  Oufi  •,  and  for  the “  taking  away  of  hindrances  to  navigation. “  The  mayor  has  always  ufed  to  grant  commiffions  and  licences  for  fifhing  within  the 9  .By  tmmip “  river  of  Oufe  of  which  may  be  found  many  prefidents  amongfl  the  records  of  thefts- “  city. “  The  city’s  claim  will  appear  by  the  lord-mayor  and  chamberlains  frequent  going  down  10.  By  a  eon - “  the  faid  river  of  Oufe ,  to  claim  the  royalty  thereof  for  fifhing  in  the  fame  •,  and  by  xhtti,lual  claim. “  feveral  orders  of  the  mayor  and  aldermen  for  the  fame  •,  of  which  many  prefidents  are  in “  the  regifter-books  of  the  city. “  The  office  of  a  water-bayliff  is  Water-bay l if. “  To  prefent  fuch  as  caff:  ramcll,  dung  or  filthy  into  Oufe-,  penalty  fix  fhillings  and  eight **  pence,  the  bayliff  one  half  and  the  common  chamber  the  other. “  To  prefent  all  fuch  perfons  as  put  any  four  footed  cattle  into  mcote  contrary  to  the  ffa- “  tutes  of  the  city ;  and  he  to  have  one  moiety  of  the  amerciaments,  and  the  other  moiety “  to  the  ufe  of  the  common  chamber.  ' {  “  The  water-bayiilT  fhall  at  the  command  of  the  lord-mayor  go  down  at  the  common “  coft  to  purfue  the  wears  and  fifhgarths  within  the  water  of  Oufe ,  and  bounders  within  the “  king’s  commiffion. “  I  he  water- bay lirf  to  have  the  proffit  of  all  abufes,  and  have  power  to  prefent  any “  that  deliver  merchandize  in  any  other  place  or  places  contrary  to  the  ordinancys  of  the “  city  ;  and  he  to  have  the  moiety  of  the  amerciaments.  33  Henry  VIII,  July  8,  Robert “  Hall,  mayor. Sir  T.  tV.  has  proved  that  the  river  Oufe  was,  of  very  antient  times,  navigable  up  to “  Bur  rough-bridge -,  and  that  Edmund  earl  of  Cornwall  laid  claim  to  the  right  of  that  river by  vertue  of  being  lord  of  the  manors  of  Knarejborough  and  Bur  rough -bridge.  And  he  by vertue  of  that  gave  leave  to  the  hofpital  of  St.  Leonard  York  to  bring  their  victuals,  goods, &c  from  Burrough-bridge  down  the  faid  river  cuftom  free  ;  as  appears  by  his  charter ,  which fir  T.  has  given  at  length. Afterwards  he  finds  in  quodam  rotulo  affife  an.  7  Ed.  I.  coram  Willielmo  de  Sakam  com. Ebor.  that  the  kingfent  his  writ  to  the  juftices,  iftc.  here,  upon  the  complaint  of  the  mayor and  citizens  of  York ,  that  Richard  king  of  Allemaine,  who  was  earl  of  Cornwall ,  deceafed, did  levy  fome  new  cuftoms  and  took  new  tolls  of  the  pafiengers  which  carried  their  wares by  the  rivers  of  CJfe  and  £3urc  to  Burrough-bridge  and  York  ;  and  for  that  he  hindred  the Jld.c!jZ.enas  ant^  others  from  their  free pife ary  in  the  faid  rivers  •,  the  king  fent  his  writ  to the  laid  julhces  and  others  to  know  from  what  time  his  faid  uncle  deceafed,  and  Edward earl  of  Cornwall  his  fon  had  continued  the  faid  ufurpations,  isle. The  faid  mayor  faid  that  the  faid  Richard ,  &c.  did  take  of  the  pafiengers,  &V. “  Edward  earl  of  Cornwall  prayed  aid  of  the  king  becaufe,  that  king  Henry  ’  father  of “  the  king  that  now  is,  did  give  unto  the  faid  Richard  the  manors  of  Knarefborough  and “  Burrough-bridge ,  and  faith  that  thefe  rivers  are  part  of  the  faid  manors ;  and  the  earl “produced  another  writ  of  the  king  direfted  to  the  former  juftices  in  thefe  words,  wee “  have  thought  fit  to  give  you  this  premunition  as  well  for  the  prefervation  of  our  right ,  as  for “  the  exhibition  of yufi ice  to  others ,  as  of  right  ought  .to  be  done.  And  becaufe  it  feemed  to the  juftices  chat  this  writ  did  not  fuperfede  their  proceedings,  according  to  the  tenour  of “  the  former  writ,  and  that  it  appears  to  be  the  pleafure  of  the  king,  out  of  thefe  words “  in  the  latter  write  pro  exhibition  juft  it  ie,  to  be  a  command  to  proceed,  and  therefore  they “  did  preceed  to  take  inqueft  upon  the  articles  contained  in  the  faid  writts,  whether  thefe “  rivers  be  part  of  the  manors  aforelaid. “  And  Waller  de  Falconbergh ,  Marmaduke  de  Tweng ,  John  de  Bellcw ,  William  de  Rofie , “  Simon  le  Conefiable,  Ralph  Filz-William,  William  de  Ryther ,  William  de  Hartlington ,  Wil* Y  Regifter  hook,  council -chamber,  letter  A,  fol.  141 .  (?)  Letter  A,  fol  140 (/)  -  Ed.  IV.  p.  2.  m.  9.  * F  f  f  “  Ham The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book I. “  Warn  de  Holtby ,  William.  Lovell ,  Francis  le  Teyes,  Amand  de  Fue,  John  de  Buhner,  Adam “  de  Seton,  William  Fitz-Thomas ,  Adam  de  Marewell ,  Robert  Holme ,  Henry  the  fon  of  Conan , “  Roger  de  Burton ,  the  fon  of  Michael ,  William  de  Hajlthorpe ,  Nicholas  Maliverer , “  Richard  de  Wax  and.  Geofry  de  Hewick,  Robert  de  Buleford,  Hawlake  de  Hanlakenbv,  all “  of  them  knights,  did  fay  upon  their  oaths,  that  the  laid  rivers  of  tHfe  and  f3tirc  are  not “  of  the  appurtenances  of  the  faid  mannor  of  Burrough-bridge  nor  Oldborougb,  nor  ever «  were ;  and  they  further  faid  that  the  faid  rivers,  time  whereof  the  memory  of  man  was “  not  to  the  contrary,  were  free  and  common  •,  and  that  all  people  were  free  to  filh  there, “  and  to  take  paflage  of  the  fame  for  all  carriages  of  merchandize  and  necefiarys  between “  the  walls  of  the  city  of  Fork  and  Burrough-briggs,  until  the  faid  Richard  did  ufurpe  to “  himfelf  the  faid  waters  to  hold  as  his  own.  And  thereupon  the  juftices  gave  judgement, «  that  the  faid  rivers  as  the  king  had  commanded  be  for  ever  after  free  to  all  people  for ««  fifhing,  and  for  the  carriage  of  their  victuals,  merchandize,  and  other  goods  by  battels «  and  fhips,  between  the  city  aforefaid  and  Burrough-bridge ,  without  giving  any  thing “  therefore,  and  without  any  impediment.  An  inhibition  was  given  on  the  king’s  be- te  half  that  no  man  then  after  fhould  be  hindred  from  filhing,  or  carriages  in  or  upon  the <c  faid  rivers. “  Sir  Thomas  remarks  two  things  in  this, “  i.  That  it  appeareth  by  it  that  the  juftice  of  thofe  times  run  againft  fo  great  a  perfon <l  as  the  earl  of  Cornwall. “  2.  That  very  eminent  perfons  did  then  ferve  upon  jurys  *,  thefe  being  all  of  them “  knights. ‘  The  cittizens  of  York  did  in  thofe  days  carry  their  merchandize  up  the  river  ot  fT'ufe, “  ufque  ad  veterem  pontem ,  which  is  £UDb;iOUgf)»  ad  pontem  burgi ,  which  is  Burrough-bridge ; “  and  very  antient  men  do  lay,  that  this  laft  named  place  did  actually  belong  to  the  city “  of  York,  before  they  were  deprived  of  it  by  the  earl  of  Cornwall. There  are  two  or  three  morepafiages  in  the  manufeript  of  fir  T.  W.  to  prove  the  privi¬ lege  of  the  citizens  up  the  river  •,  but  what  I  have  mentioned  is  fufficient  lor  my  purpofe. Next  come  the  charters  of  the  city  of  York,  granted  by  diverfe  kings,  under  confide- ration.  And  here  I  have  chofe  only  to  make  abftrafts  from  thofe  charters  wherein  any  re¬ markable  additional  privileges,  or  alterations,  have  been  made  and  granted  to  the  citizens. Except  the  two  firft,  which  are  of  that  antiquity  and  unqueftionable  authority,  being  now upon  the  rolls  amongft  the  records  in  the  tower  of  London ,  that  I  have  caufed  the  former granted  by  king  John ,  to  be  engraven  from  the  very  character  it  now  {lands  in  •,  and  to give  a  tranfeript  at  length  of  the  other  in  its  own  language.  The  reader  may  obferve  thac both  thefe  charters  recite  three  before  them  of  a  much  older  date,  one  ot  Richard  J.  ano¬ ther  of  Henry  II.  and  one  as  old  as  Henry  I.  great  grandfather  to  John  ;  which  laft  king died  anno  1 135,  juft  fix  hundred  years  ago.  I  {hall  not  take  upon  me  to  compare  dates with  any  other  city’s  charters  ;  but,  I  believe  that  London  itfelf  cannot  {hew,  upon  record,  any fuch  teftimony  of  royal  favours  and  indulgences,  of  the  lame  antiquity  with  the  following. The  reader  may  obferve  that  John’s  charter  is  dated  anno  reg.  1.  which  was  anno  1 199,  at York.  This  was  at  the  time  that  monarch  came  down  here,  to  meet  William  kingot  Scot¬ land  in  this  city  •,  as  has  been  recited  in  the  annals. Chap.  VL of  the  CITY  of  YORK. aoj (Tcwp-  0\mU '  7?  «4' (fou^  \w?f  St ^rl\VAca  elm^TArArof1  —  ~-p_  vTonjucniGtip^uAp-  1 v eu\rG i' iG Ps^.r^O' '  T^anfif  yc^(ji^-  ~z  £pJST.  c~l  j_^agi a  wST^^TmVp (it  to  »«uj>  wcfr *-z  luG  Inm-r-  Tpr£&~:  .  Aw  j5^p  nrT~  (£f-Wl*m? .  £  pSGp  £i&toraj  — j  if  jnfultttVWf fyjxnrj-^ tsne\va-  $CC~ J'UG  "V-GrlTiiv  pier  tfmVc  (G  G  >*>ti  j'mf.  bnnenrit',’  i ridpiT^—f'l  race--  biG m<E  taG  r?  4i«mJ  Wv j Ted* .T'-'T pAcer  l^iCc- ;  tpuiTl  Ithiit  ^rrcnunr  T|?r  E^p  Ga .  Xnt  Pyf "'*'  S>e  (Synv  E~  pyiv  'V)-1  —7  (Er^T—ep"  (yip  nyi  p5n3-fiE  ri\Vrm^ Aa  jVurtj*  nor  ci’i.ccfftyr  -7  ^^TFi  ^ytoGiifT)  HUl  %  €  utily  nyv^1  <rte  1 jjerawnA  A>W  ^<f£ji«y.A-7  i^Gp-j  -7^^.;  '-7' ycrfra^ij  ■-S 7  fi  Afmft  <S'..|lmK  _£/3to~Xng(r-  "7  ^-' i'Te  O7  i^l55r  ~r  f,;E~  ^  wG p Gr’-^  &|Uy  tVjJnp  hvj  ~7  ^fwST  |fe,G  Ctp.u’il.vp  'ff^war* jjWe'piv.?  iE  -tpJVljcn  -  67  £jwMt’w  df"  fuj  l>  SjtW  W  tercTiti  f'cu|p>eVe’ %fb=-fcr  w  f^t'E  sr^fe  rtrG  ^V  f\n.ifi- (G  &sf£  ^  C^ir»vri*P-  -r fcvv  '^f^9  I^^Vi|  jSs^m  uyT  ^r-.m Confirmatio  [cartarum]  civium  Eboraci. (h)  yohannes  dei  gratia  rex  Anglie,  &c.  Sciatis  nos  conceffijje  civibus  noftris  de  Eboraco I  omnes  liberates ,  leges ,  e/  confuetudines  fuas  ■,  et  nominatim  Gildam  fuam  mercariam, et  Hinfas  fuas  in  Anglia  et  Normannia;  et  laftagia  fua  per  totam  cofiam  maris  quieta  -,  ficut unquam  melius  et  liberius  babuerunt  tempore  regis  Henrici  avi  patris  nojlri.  Etvolumus  et fir  miter  precipimus  quod  predict  as  libertates  et  confuetudines  habeant  et  tetieant,  cum  omnibus  li- bertatibus  prediSte  Glide  fue  cL  Hanfis  fuis  pertinentibus ,  itabsne  et  in  pace ,  libere  et  quiet e,  fi¬ eld  unquam  melius ,  liberius  et  quietius  babuerunt  ettemeru.nl  [tempore predial i  regu  Henrici patris  nojlri  \  ficut  carta  ejufdem  patris  tioflri,  et  carta  regis  Ricardi fratris  nqjtri  ratio nabi- likr  tefantur.  Praeterea  feiatis  nos  conceffijfe ,  et  praefenti  carta  confirmaffe ,  omnibus  civibus Eboraci  quietanciam  cujufiibet  thelonii,  et  laftagii,  et  deft  recc,  pontagn,  paffagn,  et  de trcffpsrsi  ei  de  omnibus  coitumis  per  totam  Angliam,  et  Normanniam,  et  Aqjjita- niam  et  Andegaviam,  et  Pictaviam,  et  per  omnes  portus  et  coflas  maris  Angliae, et  Normanniae,  et  Aquitaniae,  et  Andegaviae,  ^/Pictaviae.  Quar tvolimus et  firmiter  precipimus  quod  inde  fnt  quiet i,  et  probibemus  nequisfuper  haec  difturbet  fiper  decern librarum  forisfadtura,  ficut  carta  Richardi  regis  fratris  nojlri  rationabiliter  teftalur.  Ee- fiibus  Galindo  Eboracenfis  arebiepifeopo ,  Gaufrido  filio  Petri  comite  Effexiae,  et  aliis.  Data per  rnanum  S.  Wcllenfis  arcbidiaconi  et  Johannis  de  Gray,  apud  Eboracum,  xxv^iVMartii, anno  regni  nofri  primo. (h)  I  J.  13/. Charta The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. Charta  regis  Henrici  III.  concefla  embus  Ebor. R  anhf‘P-  &c.  falutem.  Infpeximus  cartam  Ricardi  quondam  regis  Anejie  avu/i- i  r,  ■  "r‘l\  "l  ffntinetur  quod  idem  rex  cmcej]il  et  confirmavit  embus  noji.  Ebor. cn]fbct  thelon“>  '<*  totertt.  pontagii,  e,  paffagii,  ^  A  treilpafs.  Tie omnibus  cuftomis  per  Mam  Angliam,  Normanmam,  Aquitaniam,  Andegaviam,  f  Piflavi am;  et  per  omnes  portas  ct  coftas  mans  Angliae,  Normanniae,  Andegaviae,  Aquitaniae,  it k  -aviae  ,  cl  quod  udem  Jpamia  ft)  captain  de  debitisfuis,  et  fie  defendant  ab  omnibus  aptvllatimi - i  pi,  juranrnta  xxxvi .bom, mm  emtatis,  nifi  quae  appellatio  flit  de  carport  regis.  Infpeximus , chl"  ™  Johannis  reps  fotru  rnjlri  cor.tinentim  quod  idem  rex  concejfil  It  confir- mavt.  as  a. Lam  Ebor.  cum  omnibus  perlmentiis,  et  libertatibus  fuis ,  fuut  eas  unquam  melius et d  elhlrldZ  r  ■  “  IT  !mmbus  <?»>  ffirmm  ejufdem  ville  pc,  linen, ibus,  hlbehd.  et  tenend. ,  fll If \  fr  ,ff°  ”Sr  “  hare!;:M'mf‘;h  tn  “turn  et  rexagima  libris  eidem  regi  an¬ il  LL  Vst^filCCar?m  meJ:da,em  S.  Michaelis,  et  alteram  medic- laktom,  bene  etui  pace  l, here  ct  quiete,  el  integre,  cum  omnibus  liber, atibus  et  con- jut, , dm, bu,  ad  firmam  ejufdem  mile  pertmenlibus.  Confirmavit  f Ham  idem  Johannes  rex  Pater nop,  pet  cartam  ftam  qnam  infpeximus  omnes  libertates  leges  et  confuetudines  fiat,  ct  mmilrim Gildam  Juan,  mcrcaionam  et  Hanfas/»«j  in  Anglia,  et  Normannia,  el  laltagia  fa.  per  ,«  an coftam  mans ,  qmtaficut  dull  crocs  ea  unquam  melius  et  liberius  habucrunt  tempore  regis  Hen- nci  am  praedict  -Johannis,  pains  nofl.  et  tempore  regis  Henrici  avi  nofln-,  el  quod  Media  as leges  et  confuiludincs  habeant  et  lei leant,  cum  omnibus  libertalibus  prae'diBc  Gildefae  et  Hands fils  pertmenlibus,  ,1a  bene  et  m  pace,  liber e,  et  quiete,  fuut  unquam  melius,  liberius  el  quietius he™“;  Un,‘mmt  temP •  f*«W.  regis  Henrici  avi  patris  predibl.  Johannis  pat, as  mft.fieut v'?±  -P"fdrja,r'S  ,:rjL  *  emS  r&  Richardi’  >¥.  ratio, adiliter  Jjlaitur. Jrreterea,  idem  Johannes  rex  pater  nojlcr  concept  et  confirmavit  per  eandem  cartam  fuam  eif- ‘"N  ‘  thd0nii’  laftagii’  e‘  de  to;cr'  W«gfi.  ■'  pafiagii,  et  de treffpafs,  et  de  omnibus  cuftomis  per  totam  Ang.  Norman.  Aquit.  And.  cl  Pift.  ct  per  omnes 17,  LI  T*J  mrZS  AngVN°™-  AqU1C-  And’  “  Pift-  « t*od  rullus  fttptr  hoc  L  M«r- te/ahr  *1^™  lbrarum  fofB&flura,  ficut  carta  regis  Richardi  avuncuh  nofl.  ratiombiliter [f.! t'h  Praed^'  toncejfiones,  leges,  ufus,  confuetudines,  libertates,  et  quielaneiam, 11  nr  1  e?Snt%ettlJ>nmiis  “ beredibus  ncjl.  concedinms  eUonfirmamusJicut  eis  hue. tjque  ufifiun,  infra  vdlam  et  extra,  ficut  carle  fupradill.  ratio, mbililer  tejlantur.  Adiicientes pro  nob, set beredibus  noji.  quod  udem  ernes  infuburbiis  chit.  noft.  Ebor,  de  pppcaltafionc  (A  canvm fitoriim  ibidem- ib  perpetuum  fint  quid,  e,  quod  Udem  cives  reddant  nobis  fingul.  Ins ad  fiat  car COnlde,h'  Per  pr°p™»  ;  “  reddant  m- bis  e/  bend  rnft.  et  refpondeant  adfeaccetr.  noft.  de  fummonitionibus  ejufdem  fcaccar.  ipfos  cives  con- tingentibus,  fimiltter  per  manum  Jitam  propriam  -,  t  amen  it  a  quod  null,,,  vicecomes,  aut  alius b.ili;  us  noft.  prout  ipfos  cives  in  aliquo  fe  », terminal,  infra  liber  tatem prediPle  civitatis  de  frmaet Summon, limbus  ante  dibits.  His  teftibus  Guydone  de  Lezingnan,  Willielmo  de  Valenti  a  fra- ,nl  Johanne  Mounlell  prepofito  Beverlay,  mag, fin  Will""  de  Kylkenny  archid  Ca- vent.  Bertramo  de  Cnol,  Gilberto  de  Segrave,  Rogerode  Thurkelby,  Edwardo  de  Weftm de  Geres  7li ;J°hanne  Gubaud’  Nicholao  de  S.  Mauro,  Radulpho  de  Bukepuz,  Johanne Data  per  manum  noft.  apud  Weft,  xxvi  die  Feb. Jlft rafts  from  the  fever al  charters  granted  to  the  city  of  York  by  divers  kings. King  Henry  I.  grants  feveral  liberties. Richard  I.  grants  to  the  citizens  of  York  to  be  quit  of  all  manner  of  foil  laftatrc  and Of  upk,  pontage,  paffage,  and  of  treffpafs,  and  of  all  cuftoms  throughout  the  realm  of England,  dutchy  of  Normandy ,  &c.  And  that  the  fame  citizens  may  take  diftreftes  for  their debts.  And  that  they  may  defend  themfelves  frono  all  appeals  by  the  oaths  of  thirty  fix men  of  the  city,  except  any  be  appealed  of  the  body  of  the  king. And  that  no  man  do  difturb  them  on  the  forfeiture  of  ten  pound. King  John  confirms  to  the  faid  citizens  all  their  liberties,  la-ws,  and  cujloms,  and  namely heir  gtlo  of  the  merchants,  and  banfes  in  England  and  Normandy,  &c.  and  their  lattagca •‘.r°Ugh°Uta  .th.e  th.C  jea\  t0  be  9uitas  the'/  had  them  the  time  of  king  Harry hi,  great  grandfather,  or.  And  that  they  be  quit  of  all  manner  of  toll,  &c.  And  that  no man  do  dilhrrb  them  upon  pain  of  ten  pound.  And  by  a  later  charter  fettles  the  farm  of tne  city  at  a  hundred  and fixty  pound  per  annum. (;)  Cart.  ;6  H.  III.  m.  19. ' k)  Raima  irom  the  A.  S.  Neeme,  caprio,  capture, :  si  if)  refs,  or  feiiure.  See  Somnr's  Saxon  diet.  Spelman's giofliry,  cre- U,  By  the  mtient  foreft  laws  of  England,  all  perfons v  h  iti'oever  that  let  any  great  dogs  run  loole  in  the  king’s forefls,  without  firft  cutting  out  the  balls  of  their  fore¬ feet,  or  pairing  their  nails,  paid  three  fliiiiings  fine  to the  king.  Blount’s  law  dictionary.  The  foreft  of  Gal- tres  being  fo  near  to  York  occalioncd  many  forfeitures of  this  kind  which  this  charter  relealcs. Chap.  VI.  of  the  CITY  n/YORK.  20j King  Henry  III.  confirms,  by  infpeximus ,  the  charters  of  his  uncle  king  Richard,  and Citft charter! his  father  king  John  ;  and  further  grants  that  the  citizens  inhabiting  the  fuburbs  be  quit of  ejrpelHtattng  ,  or  cutting  the  feet  of  their  dogs.  And  fettles  the  payments  of  the  ufual farm  of  tlie  city,  &V. By  a  later  charter,  the  fame  king  further  grants,  that  none  of  the  citizens  fhall  fue,  or be  fuecl,  before  any  of  the  juftices  without  the  city,  for  lands  or  tenements  which  they hold  within  the  liberty  of  the  city,  but  before  the  mayor  and  bayliffs,  &c. And  that  the  faid  citizens  be  not  convitft  by  any  foreigners  upon  any  appeals,  rights,  in¬ juries,  trefpaffes,  faults  furmifes,  or  demands  done  unto  them,  or  to  be  done,  but  only  by their  fellow  citizens,  except  the  matter  touch  the  commonality,  &c. And  that  the  citizens  do  not  anfwer  of  any  land  or  tenement  being  within  the  liberty  of the  city,  or  of  any  trefpafs  done  in  the  faid  liberty  before  any  of  our  juftices  of  affize  at York,  in  any  other  place  then  in  their  Guildhall ,  &c. And  that  that  may  have  and  hold  the  city,  with  all  things  belonging  to  the  fame,  with all  laws,  liberties  and  cuftoms  of  their  lands,  or  tenements,  within  the  city  and  without, with  all  other  laws,  liberties,  ufes,  cuftoms,  within  the  faid  city,  and  without;  which  hi¬ therto  they  reafonably  have  ufed. I  hat  they,  or  their  goods,  being  found  in  any  place  of  our  kingdom,  or  dominion, be  not  arrefted  for  any  debt,  of  the  which  they  have  not  been  fureties,  or  principal  deb¬ tors,  &c. And  the  faid  citizens  with  one  or  two  of  their  fellow-citizens,  bringing  hereupon  the letters  patents  of  their  commonality,  may  require  their  court  and  liberty  as  well  before  us as  our  juftices  of  the  bench,  and  other  juftices,  bayliffs,  orminifters  whatfoever.  And  the J.'.mc  to  have  of  all  perfons,  matters  and  complaints  of  the  which  it  doth  appertain  to  them to  have  their  court  by  the  aforefaid  charter. And  that  the  citizens  be  free  of  murage,  pannage,  patTagc,  leakage,  ffalagc,  foarnage, ferrage,  pirkage  and  kepage  throughout  our  whole  realm,  £5 c. And  that  they  by  reafon  of  lands  or  tenements  in  the  city  and  fuburbs  (being  or  by  oc- cafion  of  any  trefpafs  done  in  the  faid  city  and  fuburbs  of  the  fame)  fhould  not  be  put  in any  affixes,  juries  or  inquifitions,  without  the  city  to  be  taken,  £5A And  that  no  marfhals,  juftices  of  us  or  our  heirs  coming  to  York ,  in  the  time  of  their  be¬ ing  there  fhall  not  make  delivery  of  any  perfons  forth  of  the  houfes  or  lodgings  in  the  faid city  and  fuburbs,  againft  the  will  of  thofe  whofe  houfes  and  lodgings  they  be,  but  only  to the  ft  me  our  juftices,  and  in  their  circuits,  £s?£. And  all  that  dwell  in  the  city  and  fuburbs  of  the  fame,  occupying  merchandize,  and  wil¬ ling  to  enjoy  the  liberties  of  the  laid  citizens  in  tallages,  contributions  and  other  common charges  happening  unto  the  whole  commonality,  £fjv. And  that  they  in  the  prefence  of  us  and  of  our  heirs,  have  and  exercife  forever  the  affize of  bread  and  ale ,  and  aflay  of  meafures  and  weights,  and  all  other  things  belonging  to  the office  of  the  market,  £s ?c. And  that  the  clerk  of  the  market,  and  other  minifters  of  us  and  our  heirs,  do  not  enter the  laid  city,  or  iuburbs  of  the  fame,  for  any  things  which  do  pertain  unto  the  faid  office of  the  market  in  the  fame  to  be  done,  &c. And  alfo  that  all  profits  thereupon  coming  be  always  to  the  faid  citizens,  their  heirs  and lucceffors,  for  the  help  of  the  farm  of  the  faid  city,  £ 3c. And  albeit  they  have  not  hitherto  ufed  any  of  thefe  liberties  aforefaid  in  any  cafe  hap- Pf™?!  notwithftanding,  the  fiid  citizens,  their  heirs  and  fucceffors,  may  fully  enjoy  and  ufe the  laid  liberties  and  quittances,  and  every  one  of  them,  from  henceforth  without  occafion of  impediment  of  us  or  our  heirs,  &c. And  that  the  mayor  and  bayliffs  of  the  faid  city,  for  the  time  being,  fhall  have  cogni- znnee  or  all  fleas  of  trefpafs,  covenants  and  contrails ,  whatfoever,  within  the  city  and  fuburbs ot  the  lame;  as  well  chancing  in  the  prelence  of  us,  as  in  the  ablence  of  us  and  our  heirs, except  only  the  king’s  boitfe ,  &c. King  Richard  II,  grants  licence  to  the  mayor  and  citizens  of  the  city  of  York,  their  heirs and  ucceftors,  to  purchafe  lands,  tenements  and  rents  to  the  value  of  one  hundred  pound by  the  year  holden  of  us  in  burgage,  within  the  city  and  fuburbs,  for  the  fupport  of  the bridges  of  Oufe  and  Fofi-,  and  the  fame  to  be  certified  into  chancery,  that  it  may  be  done without  damage  of  us  or  of  others. And  that  they  have  cognizance  of  all  fleas  of  affize  of  notlcl  DiOTeitreit,  and  most  D’anccffre or  all  manner  ol  lands  and  tenements  within  the  faid  city,  and  fuburbs  of  the  fame,  as  well  be¬ fore  our  indices  or  either  bench,  judices  of  affize,  juftices  of  eyer,  as  other  juftices  and  mi- miters  of  our  heirs,  £*.  to  be  holden  and  kept  before  the  mayor  and  bayliffs  in  the  Guild-hall. fP  u  e  keJeperS  of  the  Peace  and  julliccs  affigned  to  hear  and  determine  felonies, ft;:  1,1  three  fdings  within  the  county  of  Fork,  or  in  any  places  of  the  feme,  do  not intermeddle  wichin  our  city,  or  the  fuburbs  or  the  liberties  of  the  fame,  &c. G  g  g And 10 6  'the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. X^ity's  charters.  And  that  the  mayor  and  twelve  aldermen  of  our  city  and  their  fuccefibrs,  or  four,  three or  two  of  them  with  the  faid  mayor,  have  full  correction,  puniffiing,  hearing  and  deter¬ mining  all  things  and  matters,  as  well  ot  all  manner  01  felonies ,  trefpaffes ,  mifprifons ,  and extortions ,  as  of  all  other  caufes  and  quarrels  whatsoever,  happening  within  the  city,  He. And  granted  and  licenfed  the  mayor  and  citizens,  that  they  might  make  piles  and  pillars of  Jlone  in  the  river  of  Fofs,  for  the  fpace  of  a  hundred  foot,  of  affize ,  more,  and  beyond, the  fpace  that  the  bridge  doth  at  this  prefent  contain. And  that  the  city  of  York,  with  the  fuburbs  and  precinCls  of  the  fame,  according  to  the limits  and  bounds,  which  now  be  and  are  contained  within  the  body  of  the  county  of  York , be  from  henceforth  clearly  feparated  and  exempted  from  the  faid  county,  in  all  things  as well  by  land  as  by  water,  and  that  the  faid  city  of  York ,  and  fuburbs  of  the  fame,  and precinifts  be  from  henceforth  a  county  by  itfelf,  and  be  called  for  ever  the  county  of  the. city of  York. And  that  every  mayor  of  the  faid  city,  for  the  time  being,  as  foon  as  he  fhall  be  chofen mayor,  fhall  be  our  r/cheator  in  the  city,  fuburbs  and  precincts  of  the  fame,  He. And  that  the  faid  citizens  and  commonality  inltead  of  their  three  baylirrs  fhall  have  two fheriffs ,  &c.  and  fhall  chuft  every  year  of  themfelves  two  fit  perfons  for  their  Jheriffs  in  the laid" city,  fuburbs  and  precinfts  of  the  fame.  The  which  fieri]} s  forthwith  after  their  ele¬ ction  in  due  manner,  fhall  take  their  oaths  in  due  form  before  the  mayor,  whofe  names fhall  be  fent  yearly  for  ever  under  the  common  leal  of  the  city  unto  our  exchequer,  He. And  that  the  faid  Jheriffs  of  the  city  may  hold  their  county-court,  on  Monday ,  from  month to  month.  He.  . And  that  the  laid  efeheator  and  fheriffs  of  the  city  of  York  for  the  time  being,  make  up their  profits  and  accounts  every  year  before  the  treafurer  and  barons  of  the  exchequer,  by Sufficient  attornies,  of  the  fame  exchequer  and  fheriffs  tor  the  fame  purpoie  appointed,  by letters  under  the  common  Seal  of  the  faid  city.  He. And  that  the  mayor,  fheriffs,  and  aldermen,  with  the  commonality  of  our  city,  their heirs  and  fucceffors  for  ever  have  the  forfeiture  of  victuals ,  by  the  laws  however  to  be  for¬ feited,  viz.  bread ,  wine,  ale ,  and  all  other  things  that  do  not  pertain  unto  merchandize. And  that  the  mayor  of  the  city  and  his  fucceffors  fhall  have  ihtirfword  (without  our  pre¬ fence)  carried  before  them,  with  the  point  upwards ,  in  prefence,  as  well  of  other  noblemen and  lords  of  our  realm,  of  England,  which  do  touch  us  near  by  kindred,  as  ot  all  others whatfoever.  He.  .  ,  ,  . And  that  the  ferjeantsof  the  maces  of  the  mayor  and  fheriffs  of  the  city  of  fork,  and  their fucceffors,  fhall  have  their  maces  gilt ,  or  of  ftlver,  and  garnifhed  with  the  Sign  ot  our  arms. He. And  that  the  Jlewards  and  marfhals  of  our  houfe,  or  clerk  of  the  market  of  our  houfe ,  or of  our  heirs,  from  henceforth,  neither  in  the  prefence  of  us,  nor  in  the  abfence  ot  us,  or our  heirs,  do  not  enter  nor  fit  within  the  liberties  of  the  faid  city,  nor  exercife  their  office there,  nor  enquire  of  any  thing  done,  or  to  be  done,  within  the  laid  liberty,  nor  do  in  any wife  intermeddle  themfelves.  He.  .  „  ... And  that  the  coroners  of  the  city,  and  their  fucceffors,  may  exereje  their  office ,  as  well  in the  prefence  of  us  and  our  heirs,  as  in  the  abfence  of  us  and  our  heirs  i  like  as  they  have  ufed from  the  time  which  the  memory  of  man  is  not,  He. And  that  the  citizens  be  not  bound  to  intend  or  obey  any  precepts  or  commandments  of our  conflables ,  marfhals ,  or  admirals  of  England,  or  the  keepers  of  the  marches  awards  Scot- land,  or  any  of  our  officers  or  miniflers ,  &c.  except  of  our  great  and  privy-feal.  He.  ex¬ cept,  alfo,  the  commandments  of  our  juflices  according  to  the  form  of  the  ftatutes,  He. And  that  710  foreign  merchant ,  not  being  free  of  the  city ,  fhall  fell  any  merchandize  to any  other  merchant  not  being  free  in  the  faid  city  ;  neither  (hall  any  foreign  merchant  buy any  merchandize  within  the  liberty  of  the  faid  city  of  any  foreigner  merchant-,  always  pro¬ vided  that  againfl  rebels,  and  our  enemies  of  Scotland ,  to  refill:,  He. That  the  hundred,  or  wapontack  of  the  ^ncittp,  with  the  appurtenances  in  our  county of  our  (aid  city  of  York ,  be  annexed  and  united  to  be  parcel  of  the  faid  county,  and  that the  laid  fuburbs  of  the  city,  precinfts,  hundred,  or  weapontack,  and  every  one  of  them  with their  appurtenances,  and  every  thing  that  is  contained  in  them,  and  every  of  them,  (except our  caltle  of  York,  its  towers  and  ditches  pertaining  to  the  caffle  of  York)  be  of  the  county of  the  faid  city  of  York,  as  well  by  land  as  by  water  •,  and  that  all  bayliffs  ot  frccligcs  with¬ in  the  faid  county  of  the  city  of  York,  be  attendant  and  obedient  only  to  the  precepts  and commands  of  the  fheriffs  of  the  county  of  the  city  of  York ,  and  to  no  other  fheriffs. And  that  the  mayor  and  citizens  aforefaid  and  their  fuccefibrs  have  all  goods  and  chattels of  felons,  fugitives,  out-laws ,  waifes ,  and  condemned  felons  of  themfelves ,  deodands,  convifts, efeheats,  profits  and  revenues  of  the  lame,  H c. And  that  the  faid  mayor  and  citizens  to  have  for  ever  all  and  fingular  cuftoms  aioreiaid, of  things  to  be  fold ,  coming  to  our  aforefaid  city,  without  any  account  to  be  made  thereon to  us  or  our  heirs  or  fuccefibrs,  to  be  levied  and  gathered  for  the  clofure  and  fupportation  ot the  walls  of  the  city,  He.  (except  always  the  church  ot  2ork,  archbiffiop,  dean  and  chap¬ ter  of  the  fame)  with  all  profits,  privileges.  He. Chap.  VI. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. 207 And  that  the  faid  mayor  and  aldermen,  and  alfo  the  recorder  of  the  faid  city  for  th tCitsf  charter:- time  being,  four,  three  or  two  of  them,  of  whom  the  mayor  and  recorder  always  to  be  two for  ever  be  our  jujlices  to  overfee  and  keep  our  waters,  and  great  rivers,  of  Oufe ,  Humber Wberfe,  Derwent,  Aire  and  Bunn, ,  as  well  within  our  county  of  York  and  Lincoln ,  as  in  the county  of  our  city  of  2ork,  &rc. He  further  grams  to  the  mayor  and  citizens,  or  mayor  and  commonality  of  the  city  of Tork,  and  to  their  iucceffors  for  ever,  to  hold  two  fairs  or  markets  every  year  at  the  faid city,  t3c.  11 One  the  Monday mrext  after  th e  feaft  of  the  afcenfm  of  bur  Lord ,  and  by  five  days  imme¬ diately  following,  £*.  The  other  on  the  feaft  of  St.  Luke  the  evangelift,  and  by  five  days immediately  following.  With  all  liberties,  priviledges,  and  free  e ujloms,  and  other' profits  ad- vantages  and  conntiodilies  to  the  fame  fairs  appertaining,  (Ac. Henry  VIII  by  his  charter  food  the  18th  of  July  in  the  ninth  year  of  his  reign,  anno 15  m,  grants  to  the  citizens  of  2ork  a  common-council,  to  affift  and  counfel  the  mayo?  alder- XhatTsto fa ’  Wlta  thC  ma"nl:r  ot  their  ekaio,1>  out  the  fcveral  crafts  of  the  city. Two  out  of  each  of  the  thirteen  crafts rof  merchants,  mercers,  drapers,  grocers,  apotheca- .  gol,  f  nubs ,  dyers,  fanners,  barbers,  fifhmongers,  taylors,  vintners,  pinners  and  glaziers. Ami  one  out  of  each  of  the  fifteen  lower  crafts,  viz.  bofiers ,  inholders,  veftment-makers,  wax- chan, lie,  s,  bowers ,  weavers,  walkers,  ironmongers,  fadlers,  maforn,  bakers,  butchers,  glovers pewlerers  and  armorers.  &  * A,nd  7/1  °frthe  flil i tUrteen  crafts'  andof  the  faid  fifteen,  upon  their  affembly  yearly on  the  Monday  after  the  feaft  of  St.  James  the  apoftle,  fhafl  feverally  chufe  difereet  and  able perfons  to  b tfcarckers  of  their  own  craft  for  the  year  following  ;  that  is  to  fay,  merchants and  merun  four,  taylors  four,  weavers  tour,  bakers  three,  barbers  three,  and  every  other  of the  laid  thirteen  and  fifteen  crafts  ihall  name  two,  and  likewife  the  next  day  prefent  the ame  perfons  to  the  mayor  aldermen  and  fheriffs  to  be  fworn  to  ufe  and  exercife  all  thin^ belonging  to  their  office  tor  the  commonweal  ot  the  city.  & .  And  the  faid  common-council,  and  the  eldeft  fearcher  of  every  of  the  faid  crafts ,  Ihall in  peaceable  manner  affemble  before  the  mayor,  aldermen  and  fheriffs,  in  the  Guild-h.,11 yeai  ly  on  St.  Mathew  s  day  and  there  make  folemn  oath  to  make  and  chufe  four  of  the  moll able  and  ddcreet  perfons  of  the  city,  filch  as  have  not  been  mayor  nor  fheriffs,  and  that the  faid  aldermen  and  fheriffs  by  their  oaths  and  voices  fliall  immediately  the  fame  day  or they  depart,  chufe  and  take  two  ot  the  (amt  four  to  be  fheriffs,  from  the  feaft  of  Sr  Mchael time* paft  ' f°  °WlnS’  for  the  year  next  enluing>  and  fwear  them  in  their  office  as  in And  when  any  alderman  of  the  city  fliall  die,  leave,  or  depart  from  his  office,  tint  the  faid common-council  and  eldejl  fearcher  of  every  the  thirteen  and  fifteen  crafts  fliall  affemblc  them- felves  before  the  mayor,  aldermen,  and  fheriffs  for  the  time  being  in  the  Guild-hall  at  a  cer¬ tain  day  by  the  fame  mayor  to  be  affigned,  and  then  and  there  make  folemn  oath  to  name and  chufe  three  of  the  molt  grave  difereet  and  able  citizens  to  be  aldermen;  and  that  the mayor,  aldermen  and  (herihs  by  their  oaths  and  voices  Ihall  the  fame  day,  e’er  they  demrr chufe  and  take  one  ot  the  fame  three  to  be  aldermen,  and  Ihall  fwear  him  and  put  him  in  place or  the  alderman  deceafed  or  departed.  r  ‘ And  that  all  the  perfons  of 'the  comnm-conncil,  and  the  eldeft  in  office  of  every  of  the h  raiM  ^allaffimblethemfelves  yearly  before  the  mayor,  aldermen  and  ffieriffs ,c  ',  the,.;.5  day  °f  January,  and  make  folemn  oath  to  name  and  chufe  three  of the  mol  grave,  difereet .and  able  perfons  ot  the  aldermen,  fuch  as  have  not  been  twice mayor,  nor  mayor  within  fix •years  ntxt  before,  and  that  the  mayor,  aldermen,  and  fheriffs upon  their  oaths  and  by  their  voices,  in  form  before  rehearfed,  before  they  depart  fliall cliuie  and  take  one  of  the  three  to  be  mayor  from  the  feaft  of  St.  Blaze  following  for  the year  enfuing. And  that  no  other  citizens,  other  then  the  common-council,  and  the  faid  fearchers,  fjialj  be prefent  at  any  eleftion  of  fheriffs,  aldermen  or  mayor  of  the  city,  or  Ihall  have  voices  in  the election  of  any  of  them. „ViHa7-VIIf’  ,-y,his,ch,arter  fee-farm,  granted  in  the  twenty  eighth  of  his  reign, ZTty  t  the  kL°f  ^  °f  PaymCnt  °f  °rty  P°Und’  P‘lrCd  °f  thC  d™drCd  P°und™’ Queen  Elizabeth  by  her  charter,  bearing  date  the  zb'"  of  June,  in  the  thirty  fecond year  ot  her  reign,  anno  .590,  grants  to  the  mayor,  aldermen  and  commonality  of  the  city f  rf  tokfP  a  fair  within  the  city  and  fuburbs  yearly  for  ever,  to  begin  every  fecond ?nTtZ77  l'  r  T1Xt  the  daJ  Called  Palmfuriday  and  the  birth  of  our  Lord  Jeffs  Chrift, a  follweth  C  “  may0r  and  comraonalty  t0  take  a  toll  of  the  goods  fold  in  the  faid  fair VcSr 20B City's  charters. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES Book  I. s.  d. For  every  borfe,  or  gelding,  to  be  bought  - - -  -  -  o  i For  every  mare  and  foal  -  - — .  -  -  o  i For  a  mare  only  o  i For  an  ox,  or  cow  with  calf  or  without  o  of For  two  heifers  of  two  years  old  or  within  -  o  o  i For  every  t(  n  fheep  - -  o  o  i. For  five  ewe  jheep  with  lambs  ■ - ■  -  -  o  o  ~ For  every  ten  lambs  -  -  -  o  o  ^ And  further  grants,  that  lor  prevention  of fire ,  there  fhall  be  only  as  many  malt-kilns  here* after  in  the  city  of  York  as  the  mayor,  aldermen  and  fherilfs,  for  the  time  being,  or  here¬ after  fhall  be,  or  the  major  part  of  them  affcmbled,  fhall  think  fit;  in  fuch  convenient places  as  to  them  fhall  feem  meet  to  approve  of.  And  to  make  ordinances  for  the  rule and  good  government  of  malt-kilns ,  and  to  remove  and  ordain  fuch  number  as  to  them feemeth  meet. And  luch  as  have  been  fheriffs  to  have  a  vote  in  the  ordering  of  malt-kilns  ;  and  have power  to  impofe  penalty  s,  amerciaments ,  and  imprifonmenls ,  at  their  diferetion  for  difobe- dience  to  their  orders.  And  this  power  to  be  good  notwithstanding  any  ftatute  or  ordinance to  the  contrary,  6?r. King  Chrales  II.  confirms  all  former  grants  whatfoever ;  and  further  grants  to  the  faid mayor  and  commonality,  that  neither  our  treafurer ,  chancellor ,  barons  of  the  exchequer ,  at¬ torney  or  follicitor-gencral  do  perfecute  or  caufe  to  be  perfecuted  any  writ  or  fummons  of  quo  war¬ ranto ,  or  any  other  writs  or  proceffes  whatfoever  againlt  the  laid  mayor  and  commonality  of the  city  or  their  luccelTors,  for  any  caufes,  matters,  things  or  offences  by  them  done,  claimed, ufed,  exercifed  or  ufurped  before  the  day  of  the  date  of  thele  prelents. The  mayor  to  be  the  king’s  efehealor. The  mayor  to  be  clerk  of  the  market ,  and  no  other  clerk  of  the  market  to  intermed¬ dle,  &c. Grants  felon’s  goods  to  the  city,  &c. Appoints  the  mayor,  recorder  and  aldermen  to  be  juflices  of  the  peace  \  as  alfo  the  city's council,  provided  they  do  not  exceed  the  number  of  two  at  one  time.  Five  of  thefe  jultices to  hold  feffions.  The  mayor,  recorder,  fenior  alderman  and  city’s  council  to  be  ol  the  quo¬ rum.  And  three  of  the  quorum  to  be  prejent  at  a  goal-delivery ,  &c. Coroners  to  make  returns  of  inquifitions ,  &c. That  no  citizen,  fheriff,  or  other  officer  within  the  city  fhall  be  put  to  any  recognition, jury ,  or  inquifilion  without,  fcfr.  caufes  of  the  crown ,  excepted,  &c. That  the  repairs  of  the  walls,  bridges,  and  king's  Jlaith  be  upon  the  commonality,  and the  money  to  be  raifed  by  a  tax  upon  the  inhabitants,  l£c.  on  refufal,  to  levy  by  difirefs  and fale  of  goods,  &c. That  the  common-council  of  the  city  do  from  henceforth  confifl  of feventy  two  perfons-,  and that  upon  the  death,  removal  or  receffion  of  any  common-council  man,  a  new  one  fhall be  eledted  within  the  fpace  of  fifteen  days  after  fuch  death,  &V. Election  of  JJoeriffs ,  &c.  upon  the  death  of  any  fheriff  another  to  be  elected  within  three days,  &c. Election  of  aldermen,  &c.  as  before. Eledtion  of  mayor,  If  the  mayor  die  within  his  year  another  to  be  eledted  within three  days ,  &c. Aldermen,  and  fuch  as  have  been  fheriffs  of  the  city  to  be  conftantly  refident  in  it,  with their  families  •,  upon  abfence  from  it  above  the  fpace  of  fixty  days  in  any  one  whole  year without  the  licence  of  the  whole  commonality,  to  pay  fcot  and  lot ,  and  all  other  taxes  and affeffments  •,  and  furthermore  every  alderman  who  fhall  fo  abfent  himfelf  fhall  forfeit  five fhillings  a  day  above  the  fixty  ;  and  every  perfon  that  hath  been  fheriff  two  fhiilings  and fix- pence,  &c. In  cafe  the  mayor  be  infirm,  one  of  the  oldefl  aldermen  is  to  execute  the  office,  &c. The  mayor,  aldermen,  citizens,  and  burgeffes,  their  officers  and  miniflcrs  whatfoever, fhall  hold  fuch  places  in  parliaments,  &c.  as  their  predecejfors  have  ufed,  &c. The  mayor,  recorder,  and  other  officers  to  take  the  oaths  of  allegiance  and  fupre- jnacy. A  recorder,  or  common  clerk,  to  be  hereafter  eledted,  is  not  to  be  admitted  without  the approbation  of  the  king,  though  chofen  by  the  whole  commonality,  &V. Witnefs  myfelf  at  Weftminfler,  the  3d  day  of  June ,  in  the  fixteenth  year  of  our reign. HQ  IV ARB. King  James  II.  by  his  charter,  bearing  date,  June  29,  anno  1685,  grants  and  confirms as  follows, The Chap.  VI.  of  the  Cl  TY  of  YORK. The  citizens  by  the  name  of  mayor  and  commonality  ffialfhold  and  enjoy,  as  here  - City\ tofore  by  divers  other  names  they  have  holden  and  enjoyed,  divers  liberties ,  privileges,  fran- chifes ,  &c. Confirms  the  charter  of  king  Charles  II,  and  all  things  in  that  charter  contained,  not  al tered  by  thefe  prefents. Confirms  all  other  charters  heretofore  granted  to  the  mayors,  commonality  or  their  pre- deceffors,  &c.  And  all  their  cuftoms,  preferiptions,  liberties,  and  franchifes.  And  all  their meffuages,  lands,  tenements  and  lairs,  &c.  as  the  citizens  have  ufed  and  enjoyed  by  any name  or  names  of  incorporation  whatsoever,  or  by  any  charier  or  charters  heretofore  granted by  any  of  his  majefty’s  predeceffors,  (Ac. And  to  hold  the  laid  franchifes  and  privileges  of  the  king,  his  heirs  and  fuccellors,  pay  ¬ ing  to  the  king,  (Ac.  fuch  rents  and  fervices  as  hath  been  accuftomed. He  ordains  John  Thompfon ,  efquire,  to  be  mayor,  Richard  earl  of  Burlington  and  Cork to  be  recorder,  George  Pricket .  efquire  deputy  recorder,  and  of  council  of  the  city,  and  ap¬ points  the  aldermen  and  fheriffs,  the  twenty-four,  the  common-council  men,  (Ac. The  common-council  to  confilt  of  fevenly  two  perfons ,  as  it  formerly  hath  done  and  now doth. Election  of  the  mayor,  aldermen,  fheriffs  and  common-council  men  (ball  be  made  in  fuch manner  as  is  directed  by  the  charter  of  king  Charles  II  •,  except  in  this,  that  at  the  election, of  fheriffs,  the  mayor,  aldermen,  (A c.  lhall  ha vefeven  days  allowed  to  chufe  two  perfons out  of  the  four,  that  lhall  be  prelented  to  them  by  the  commons. The  mayor,  recorder,  and  deputy  recorder,  city  council,  aldermen,  IherifTs,  twenty- four,  town- clerk  and  common  council  may  for  juft  caufe  be  removed  in  fuch  manner  as  their predeceffors  might  have  been. Power  given  to  George  Pricket  to  fwear  the  prefent  mayor. Power  given  to  John  Tbompfon  mayor  to  fwear  all  the  other  officers  named  in  this charier. When  the  mayor,  recorder,  city-council,  town-clerk,  or  any  of  the  aldermen,  fheriffs, or  common-council  men  lhall  happen  to  die,  or  be  removed,  new  ones  lhail  be  chofen  in their  places  in  fuch  manner  as  hath  been  ufed  for  twenty  years  laft  paft,  before  the  making of  this  charter.  ° Provided  that  the  king  may,  at  any  time,  by  an  order  of  privy-council,  made  and put  under  the  feal  of  the  privy-council,  remove  the  mayor,  recorder,  or  any  other  officer, above  named,  from  his  office  ;  and  they  lhall  thereby,  ipfo  fa£lo,  be  removed  without  any  fur¬ ther  procels. The  mayor  to  be  efeheator. The  mayor  to  be  clerk  of  the  market. Confirms  the  grants  of  felon’s  goods,  and  of  fugitives,  out-lawed  and  condemned  perfons.  ; and  all  fuch  forfeitures  and  amerciaments  before  the  mayor  and  aldermen. The  mayor,  recorder,  deputy  recorder,  city-council  and  aldermen  to  be  jujlices  of  the peace. Three  jufices  of  the  peace  have  power  to  deliver  the  goal. Quorum ,  the  mayor,  recorder,  deputy  recorder,  city’s-council,  the  two  eldeft  aldermen then  prefent  in  court  or  any  three  of  them. The  mayor  may  make  a  deputy  in  cafe  of  ficknefs  or  necefiary  abfence  out  of  the  city. The  recorder  may  make  a  deputy. f  he  deputy-mayor  may  do  all  things  to  the  office  of  mayor  belonging.  As  may  the deputy- recorder  to  that  office.  He  to  be  fworn  before  the  mayor  duly  to  execute  his  office. Eicence  to  the  mayor  and  commonality  to  purchafe  lands,  in  mort-main  to  the  value  of two  hundred  pound  per  annum,  above  what  they  now  have  and  pofiefs. A  faving  to  the  church  of  York,  and  to  the  archbilhop,  dean  and  chapter,  all  their  fran- chiles  and  privileges,  rights  and  cuftoms. Mayor  and  commonality  to  have  no  greater  power  to  grant  wine  licences  than  they  had before  the  making  of  this  charter. Dated  July  29.  in  the  firft  year  of  his  reign. Guildford,  c.  1. per  breve  de  privat.  figil. P  I  G  or  T. ROBERT  WALLER  lord  -mayor. March  19,  1683. It  was  agreed  by  the  mayor,  aldermen,  fheriffs  and  twenty-four,  that  an  appearance  ffiould be  given  to  the  writ  of  quo  warranto  brought  againft  the  city  to  know  by  what  authority they  ufe  and  enjoy  feveral  privileges  and  immunities  ;  and  that  the  feal  of  the  commona¬ lity  be  put  to  fuch  attorneys  as  fhall  appear  on  the  corporation’s  behalf;  but  the  commons being  called  up  to  advife  in  the  point,  defired  further  time  to  confider  of  it,  which  was granted. *  From  the  regifter  or  city  book  of  that  year. H  h  h March Book  I. 1 10 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES March  21,  1683. Sir  Henry  Thompfon  knight  at  this  prefcnt  court  (giving  his  content  at  the  laft  court  for appearance  upon  a  quo  warranto  brought  againft  this  city)  doth  hereby  retract  his  laid  opi¬ nion  therein,  and  isalfo  very  forry  for  the  fame,  and  alderman  Conftable ,  Mr.  Mofeley  and Mr.  Shackleton  do  proteft  the  fame  together  with  the  faidfir  Henry  Tbompfon. Then  the  commons  being  called  for,  forty  four  appeared,  and  upon  taking  their  votes  in the  chamber,  one  by  one,  there  were  thirteen  for  appearing,  and  thirty  that  no  appearance fhould  be  given  to  the  quo  warranto  mentioned  in  the  order  of  the  laft  court  ;  whereupon the  court  broke  up. R.  WALLER  lord-mayor,  JOHN  THOMPSON,  lord  cleft. Jan.  1 5,  1684. Be  it  remembered  that  in  regard  the  commons  refufed  to  give  an  appearance  to  the  quo warranto ,  as  betore  is  mentioned,  the  king’s  attorney  general  had  judgment  for  feizure  of the  liberties,  privileges  and  franchiles  of  the  city  into  the  king’s  hands  in  Eajler  or  Trinity term.  36  Car.  II. And  fo  things  ftood  until  king  James  II,  by  proclamation  dated  OSlober  17,  1688,  en¬ titled  a  proclamation  for  refloring  corporations  to  their  antient  charters ,  liberties ,  rights  andfran- cbifes ,  by  which  proclamation  all  corporations  againft  whom  no  judgments  on  quo  warrantos were  entered,  and  whofe  furrenders  were  not  enrolled  or  recorded  were  immediately  re- ftored  •,  but  luch  corporations  againft  whom  judgments  were  entered  on  the  quo  warrantos and  furrenders  enrolled,  (amongft  which  laft  this  city  was  one)  the  judgments  were  to  be vacated  and  furrenders  cancelled  ;  and  his  majefty  upon  application  did  require  the  lord- chancellor,  attorney  and  lollicitor  general,  without  fees,  to  prepare  new  charters,  &c.  pur- fuant  to  the  proclamation  ;  to  which  this  court  employed  one  Mr.  Ralph  Grainge  of  London to  procure  the  judgment  on  the  quo  warranto  to  be  vacated,  and  the  furrender  cancelled which  were  againft  this  city,  which  he  did  in  a  little  time  •,  the  charge  of  which  coft  him out  of  purfe  thirty  fix  pound  fix  ftiillings  and  eight  pence,  and  the  court  fent  him  fifty pound,  which  was  thirteen  pound  thirteen  ftiillings  and  four  pence  for  his  pains. November  9,  a  writ  of  reftitution  was  lent  down  out  of  the  king’s-bench,  the  form  of which  is  as  follows, A  tranfation  of  a  copy  of  a  writ  to  the  fheriffs  of  the  city  of  York,  for  refloring  the  corporation all  their  liberties  and  privileges ,  after  a  feizure  into  the  king's  hands ,  upon  a  judgment  entered upon  a  quo  warranto  brought  againft  the  city ,  an.  reg.  Car.  II.  36. 7 AMES  II.  &c.  to  the  flier i ffs  of  the  city  of  York  greeting.  Whereas  in  Hillary  term, in  the  thirty  fifth  and  thirty  fixth  years  of  the  reign  of  the  late  king,  a  certain  infor¬ mation  was  exhibited  in  his  majefty’s  court  of  king’s-bench,  by  fir  Robert  Sawyer  knight then  attorney-general,  againft  the  mayor  and  commonality  of  the  city  of  York ,  for  that they  by  the  ipace  of  one  month  then  laft  paft,  and  more,  without  any  warrant  or  royal  grant, had  ufed  within  the  faid  city,  and  the  liberties,  limits  and  precincts  of  the  fame,  thefe  li¬ berties,  privileges  and  franchiles  following,  viz.  to  be  of  themfelves  one  body  corporate and  politick  in  deed  and  name,  by  the  name  of  mayor  and  commonality  of  the  city  of York,  and  by  the  fame  name  to  plead  and  be  impleaded,  to  anfwer  and  to  be  anfwered,  and alfo  to  have  fheriffs  of  the  faid  city  and  county  of  the  fame  city,  and  to  name  and  chufe  of themfelves  two  perfons  to  be  fheriffs  to  execute  and  return  all  writs,  bills  and  precepts  for the  adminiftre.tion  and  execution  of  juftice,  and  to  do  and  execute  all  other  things  belong¬ ing  to  the  oHice  of  fheriffs  without  any  commifiion  or  letters  patents  obtained  from  the  king, and  alfo  that  the  mayor,  recorder  and  fuch  aldermen  as  had  been  mayors  fhould  be  juftices of  the  peace,  and  hold  feflions  of  peace,  and  hear  and  determine  pleas  of  the  crown  of  their own  authority,  without  any  com  million  or  authority  granted  by  the  king;  and  alfo  where¬ as  the  faid  mayor  and  commonality  wer e  fummoned  to  appear  in  the  court  of  king’s-bench, in  E after  term  then  next  following,  to  anfwer  the  premifles,  at  which  term  the  then  fheriffs of  the  city  did  return,  that  they  had  fummoned  the  faid  mayor  and  commonality  to  appear as  aforelaid  to  anfwer  by  what  warrant  they  claimed  and  ufed  the  fame  liberties,  privileges and  franchiles,  and  whereas  the  faid  mayor  and  commonality  did  not  appear  but  made  de¬ fault,  whereupon  it  was  adjudged  by  the  court  that  the  laid  liberties,  privileges  and  fran¬ chiles,  fhould  be  fc-ized  into  the  king’s  hands  till  further  order-,  and  whereas  afterwards  in Michaelmas  term,  in  the  fourth  year  of  his  prefent  majefty’s  reign,  the  laid  mayor  and  com¬ monality,  by  Simon  1 1  arc  our  l  their  attorney,  having  heard  the  faid  information  and  judg¬ ment,  prayed  that  they  might  be  reftored  to  their  faid  liberties,  privileges  and  franchiles; it  was  therefore  confidered  by  the  court  that  the  faid  mayor  and  commonality  fnould  be reftored  to  the  faid  liberties,  &c.  and  the  king’s  hands  from  thence  amoved.  Therefore '.ve  command  you,  that  the  laid  liberties,  privileges  and  franchiles,  fo  as  aforefaid  accord-1 mg  to  the  form  of  the  faid  judgment  feized  into  our  hands,  and  the  profits  of  the  lame'  to our Chap.  VI.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. our  ufe  detained,  to  the  faid  mayor  and  commonality  without  delay  you  caufe  to  be  re- ltored  at  your  peril,  and  certify  how  this  our  precept  is  executed  fifteen  days  after  Mar¬ tinmas,  and  have  there  this  writ. Dated  at  Wejhninfier  Oftober  30,  air  reg.  nojl.  4. ROB.  WRIGHT. At  the  court  at  Whitehall  November  2,  1688,  prefect  the  King's  mojl  excellent  majefiy  in council. |I  IS  majefty  being  gratioufiy  pleafed  that  the  city  of  Tork,  and  the  mayor  and  citizens •*-  8.  thereof  be  reftored  according  to  his  majelly’s  gracious  proclamation,  to  their  antient charters,  rights  and  franchifes,  notwithstanding  the  judgments  and  proceedings  again!!  them in  an  information  in  the  nature  of  a  quo  warranto  in  the  court  of  king’s  bench ;  his  majefty in  council  is  this  day  gratioufiy  plealed  to  order,  according  to  the  power  to  him  referved in  the  late  charters,  patents  and  grants,  and  it  is  hereby  ordered  that  all  mayors,  fheriffs, recorders,  aldermen,  town-clerks,  common-council  men,  and  all  other  officers  and  mem¬ bers  of  the  laid  city  of  Tork ,  conllituted,  named,  appointed  or  elected  by  virtue  of  any charter,  patent  or  grant,  fince  the  year  1679,  from  the  late  king  or  his  majefty,  and  all and  every  perfon  and  perfons,  having  or  claiming  any  office  or  place  by  the  fame,  be  re¬ moved,  difplaced  and  difeharged,  and  they  are  hereby  removed,  difplaced  and  difeharged accordingly. PHIL.  MUS  GRAVE. A  particular  of  patents  and  charters  granted  to  the  citizens  of  Tork,  and  are  now  among!! the  records  in  the  tower  of  London. Chart.  1  Joh.  p.  2.  in.  16.  n.  135. Eborum.  civibus  libert.  gild,  mercat.  hanfas  in  Ang.  cl  Normannia,  CrV. Eborum  cart,  diverf. Cart.  3 '6  H.  III.  m.  19.  Cart.  5  E.  II.  n.  23. Cart.  10  E.  II.  n.  46.  Cart.  1  E.  III.  n.  30. Cart.  2  R.  II.  n.  2.  Cart.  15  R.  II.  n.  14. Cart.  19  R.  II.  n.  1.  Cart.  1  H.  IV.  p.  1.  m.  9 Cart.  2  H.  V.  p.  i.  n.  10.  Cart.  H.  VI.  n.  8. Efch.  31  H.  III.  n.  40. Eborum.  civitas  goala  regis  deforejla  quis  ipfam  de  jure  reparare  debet.  Pro  David  Lardiner, Pat.  10  E.  I.  n.  2. Eborum.  pro  civibus  majoritate  vill.  et  libertat.  rejlitutis. Pat.  n  E.  I.  in.  13. Eborum.  pro  civibus  de  villis  reddil.  ex  Wapentack  de  Anefty  commij]'.  eifdem ,  &c. Pat.  10  E.  II.  p.  1.  in.  13. Eborum.  pro  civibus ,  &c.  acquit,  pro  firm,  confirm,  cart.  &c. Pat.  16  E.  II.  p.  1.  m.  8. Eborum.  pro  majore  de  reparaiione  murorum. Pat.  4  E.  III.  p.  2.  ml  20. Pat.  pari.  4  E.  III.  apud  Winton.  n.  90. Eborum.  civitas  de  toll,  et  cufioin.  col/igend.  de  hominibus  de  Kingfton  et  Ravenfere. Pat.  8  E.  III.  p.  2.  m.  30.  Et  efch.  33  E.  III.  n.  75. Eborum.  record,  plac'd,  inter  abbutem  S.  Maria tet  cives pro  privilegiis. Pat.  24  E.  III.  p.  2.  m.  29. Eborum,  Boutham  infuburb.  ibidem  commififio  ad  audiend.  controverfias  inter  abbutem  beatae. Marjae  et  cives. Cart.  25  E.  III.  m.  34. Eborum.  major  de plalea  de  Botham  et  libertat.  finis  refiiluend. Claufi.  6  H.  IV.  m.  3. Eborum.  quod  cives  quieti  fint  de  thelon.  paring. picag.  pontag.  &c.  per  tolum  reg. Pat.  7  H.  IV.  p.  2.  in.  29.  et  30. Eborum.  pro  civibus  ct  communit  ate  civil  at  is  omnes  libertat  es,  &c.  refiitut. lnquifi.  8  H.  IV.  n.  13. Eborum.  major ,  &c.  de  Ires  mejfiuag.  concefifi.  ad  inveniend.  capellan.  in  capella  fiuper  ponlem  de FolT. Pat.  9  H.  IV.  p.  1.  m.  32. Eborum.  licentia  perquirrrJ.  Cl.  terras  ad  fiufientionem  pontium  de  Oufe,  Fofs,  &c. Pal.  23  H.  VI.  p.  2.  m.  1. Eborum.  r lanmil .  de  p! ejl ate  emttff.  eis  el  fuccejf.  conferend.  ojjicium  clerici  vie.  civilalis  de  anm in  annum. ?  Pat.  27  H.  VI.  p.  i.  m.  14. Eborum.  de  annexations  hundred i  de  Aynftey  communit.  civitat, Pat. 4 21  2 Book  I. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES Cart.  27  H.  VI.  n.  64. Eborum.  deferia  ibidem  tenend.  -per  fex  dies  pojl  Pentecofl. Pat.  49  H.  VI.  m.  8. Eborum.  pro  eleSlione  majoris  civitatis. Pat.  2  E.  IV.  p.  2.  m.  19. Eborum.  major,  &c.  de  poteflale  fuper  videndi  ripas  aquar.  de  Oufe,  Humber,  Derwent, et  dejurifdiH.  infra  bund,  de  Aynfty. Pat.  2  E.  IV.  p.  2.  m.  9. Eborum.  pro  major e  et  civibus. Pat.  4  E.  IV.  p.  1.  in.  9. Eborum.  pro  majore ,  &c.  xl  l.  per  an.  concejf.  &c. Pat.  4  E.  IV.  p.  2.  m.  20. Eborum.  licentia  eligend.  in  major em  et  forma  prefcript a  (m ). AthandorJi-  Several  ordinances,  commonly  called  bgdafos,  made  by  the  mayor  and  commonality  for  the  good government  of  the  city  of  York. Franchifed  men.  September  27,  in  the  ninth  year  of  queen  Elizabeth ,  1567,  an  ordinance  was  made  that franchifed  men  abfenting  themfelves  from  the  city,  to  have  no  benefit  of  their  freedom  and liberties. court's  award.  December  18,  1650.  a  good  order  was  made  for  regulating  of  the  court  of  mayor,  aider- men,  and  fherifrs,  that  a  foreigner  fhould  Hand  to  the  award  ol  the  court,  and  that  a  fr  -e- man  fhould  engage  by  words  to  Hand  to  the  order  of  the  faid  court,  and  to  pay  cofts  and damages  if  awarded  againft  him,  &c. ALLEN  SLAV  ELY  mayor. Feb.  1  r .  10  Hen.  VIII. Free  of  one  occu¬ pation  free  of all. ghiarels. It  was  agreed  that  all  franchifed  men  being  free  of  one  occupation  fhall  hencefonh  be  f  ee of  all  occupations,  Lie.  And  it  is  alfo  agreed  that  it  fhall  be  lawful  from  henceforth  for every  franchifed  man  to  take  as  many  apprentices,  fervants  and  journeymen,  as  he  pleat'  s  ; any  law  or  ordinance  before  this  time  made  to  the  contrary  notwithflanding,  Lie. If  any  maintain  any  quarrel  whereby  the  city’s  liberties  are  endangered,  lie  fhall  be  dif- franchifed.  Vide  regi/l.  of  occupations,  let.A,fol.  338. THOMAS  HARR  IS  0  N  mayor. May  20,  1575. cits' s  offices gi-  It  was  agreed  that  whenfoever  hereafter  it  fhall  chance  any  office. belonging  to  the  gift  of ven  to  freemen,  this  corporation  become  void,  or  fhall  be  to  be  granted,  that  then  every  fuch  office  fhall be  from  time  to  time  given  to  a  free  citizen  of  this  city,  if  he  be  able  to  execute  the  fame before  any  flranger  or  foreigner  whatfoever,  Lie. T HO  MA S  HARRISON  mayor. Decetn.  16,  1575. jigubf  f0.  It  was  ordered  by  thefe  prefents,  that  if  any  citizen  of  this  city  fhall  fuffer  or  allow  any reigners  retail -  foreigner  or  flranger  to  fell  by  retail  any  wares  or  goods  brought  to  this  market,  or  with- mg-  in  this  city,  to  be  fold  in  other  place,  lave  only  in  the  full  and  open  market,  that  then every  fuch  citizen  doing  or  fuffering  the  fame,  fhall  forfeit  ten  pounds  to  the  common chamber  toties  quoties. THOMAS  AP  PLEYARD,  mayor. March  6,  an.  reg.  regin.  Eliz.  1 584. An  ordinance  was  made  that  all  free  citizens  that  have  or  keep  kilns  fhall  enter  into  bond with  fureties,  that  they  fhall  not  make,  norcaufe  to  be  made,  any  malt  for  any  flrangers, but  only  for  the  free  citizens  of  the  city,  without  confent  of  the  lord-mayor  for  the  time being,  Lie. March  7.  12  Eliz.  an.  1570. It  was  agreed  that  no  manner  of  perfon,  freeman  or  flranger,  bringing  any  manner  of grain  to  this  city  by  water,  fhall  be  permitted  to  take  up  the  fame  or  any  part  before  he  hath a  ticket  from  the  lord-mayor,  licenfing  him  to  take  up  the  fame  i  or  elfe  to  fell  the  fame at  fuch  prices  as  the  lord-mayor  fhall  appoint. JOHN  GRAVES  mayor. June  4.  20  Eliz. An  ordinance  was  made  that  no  citizen  or  citizens  of  this  city  fhall  fue  or  implead  any ^to  beTied  lT  other  citizen  or  citizens  of  the  fame  in  any  court  or  courts,  other  than  luch  as  are  holden foreign  courts,  within  this  city,  by  vertue  of  the  queen’s  majelly’s  charter,  or  other  of  the  laws  and  cufloms of  this  city,  for  any  matter  orcaufe  by  which  he  or  they  may  have  remedy,  or  recover  ir> any  of  the  courts  holden  within  this  city,  by  vertue  of  the  faid  charter,  or  the  cuftom  and {m)  Charters,  patents.  &c.  of  a  later  date  are  to  be  met  risers  arc  very  particular  and  full  in  thefe  matters,  I with  in  the  chapel  of  Rolls ;  but  as  the  city’s  own  re-  thought  it  unneceflarv  to  give  a  lift  of  them  here. lawful Malt. Corn  by  water. 2I3 Chap. VI.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. lawful  uflige  of  the  fame  city,  upon  pain  of  every  one  fo  offending  to  forfeit  and  pay  to  the city’s  ufe,  for  every  fuc'h  offence,  forty  fhillings,  fcf c. rhis  order  was  again  confirmed  March  12,  1666,  adding  thereto  another  ordinance  as followeth. Item,  Whereas  upon  a  good  and  reafonable  confideration  it  hath  been  of  long  time  ufed within  this  city,  that  if  any  freeman  of  the  fame  being  debtor  be  at  the  fuit  and  requeft  ouJtnr.  ' his  creditor  called  before  the  lord-mayor  in  the  council-chamber  upon  Oufebridge ;  and  there upon  fufScient  proof  or  confeflion  of  the  faid  debt  before  the  laid  mayor,  do  faithfully  pro- mife  to  pay  or  content  his  faid  creditor  for  his  faid  debt  at  days  then  limitted  and  agreed upon,  and  the  fame  being  entered  before  the  faid  mayor,  if  the  faid  debtor  fhall  after  that make  default  of  his  faid  payment  contrary  to  his  faid  promife,  he  (hall  thereupon  at  the  dif- cretion  of  the  faid  mayor  be  committed  to  ward,  unto  fuch  time  that  he  hath  fatisfied  the patty  for  his  debt.  And  that  no  freeman  prefume  to  fue  another  in  any  foreign  court,  upon pain  of  loofing  his  franchife  as  well  as  pay  the  forty  fhillings  fine  as  above. Item,  For  the  more  fpeedy  recovery  to  be  from  henceforth  had  by  the  creditors  againfl their  debtors  in  the  queen's  majefty’s  court  before  the  fheriffs  on  Oufe-hidge  by  due  order  of<Mu.  ' law,_  it  is  ordained  and  agreed,  that  every  ,  plaintiff  upon  their  plaint  entered  fhall  firft  of  all caufe  the  defendant,  be  he  freeman  or  foreigner,  to  be  arrefted,  and  thereupon  to  find  fure- ties  if  he  can,  or  elfe  the  arreft  to  be  executed  according  to  the  cuflom,  hiving  always  that the  faid  plaintiff  or  defendant  fhall  pay  no  more  fee  in  fuch  arreft,  but  only  two  pence  to  be taken  of  the  plaintiff  being  a  franchifed  man. Capias  ad  refpondendum  out  of  the  fheriffs  court  Jan.  n,  an.  reg.  regin.  Eliz.  14.  1572. Affembled  in  the  council  chamber  upon  Oufe-bridge  the  day  and  year  abovefaid  when  Cepiat  ad and  where  an  order  made  the  fecond  time  of  the  mayoralty  of  IV.  IV.  was  now  openly  read to  his  prefence  as  hereafter.  r  1 It  was  ordered  upon  a  capias  ad  refpondendum  againfl:  a  freeman  forth  of  the  fheriffs  court the  defendant  fhall  find  fureties  or  he  be  delivered  to  anfwer  the  debt,  if  the  plaindffdo  re¬ cover,  and  that  upon  fuch  recovery  execution  fhall  pafs  as  well  to  the  fureties  as  againfl:  the party.  Whereupon  the  order  was  fully  confirmed  and  allowed;  and  further  it  is  agreed that  it  the  defendant  or  defendants  do  not  appear  upon  fuch  capias  to  be  fued  againfl  him' and  the  ferjeants  return  upon  the  faid  capias,  non  eft  inventus,  &c.  et  quod  fugitive  eft,  then it  the  defendant  or  defendants  within  twenty  eight  days  next  after  the  return  of  the  faid  ca puts  do  not  appear  by  himfelf  or  by  his  or  their  attorney  in  the  faid  court,  to  make  anfwer to  the  find  aftion,  and  put  in  a  good  furety  to  anfwer  the  debt  and  damages  if  it  fhall  be recovered  againfl  him,  that  then  the  defendant  or  defendants  after  the  faid  days  ended  (hall  be forthwith  disfranchifed  by  the  lord-mayor,  upon  complaint  made  by  the  plaintiff  to  the  lord mayor  for  the  time  being,  and  then  the  party  plaintiff  fhall  be  at  his  liberty  to  fue  every fuch  defendant  or  defendants  as  foreigners  in  any  other  court.  ’ Whereas  divers  perfons  have  complained  and  found  themfelves  grieved  and  delayed  by their  debtors,  by  reafon  they  would  not  appear  and  anfwer  after  returns,  and  fummons  and diftrmgas,  and  after  capias  againfl:  them,  neither  could  be  found  by  the  ferjeants  by  means of  their  fecret  and  cunning  abfence,  for  reformation  whereof  divers  orders  have  been  made which  do  feem  uncertain,  for  that  no  time  is  therein  limitted  when  the  ferjeants  fhall  make return  of  their  capias  ad  refpond.  for  explanation  and  reformation  whereof  it  is  now  ordered by  thefe  prefents,  that  if  the  capias  ad  refpondendum  fhall  be  againfl  any  freeman  in  the  hands of  any  ferjeant  for  the  fpace  of  twenty  eight  days  and  not  executed,  or  during  that  term  he fhall  not  appear  and  put  in  fureties  into  the  court,  according  to  the  true  meaning  of  the  former orders  then  and  after  when  the  ferjeants  fhall  be  required  by  the  plaintiff  his  attorney,  and he  fhall  return  his  capias  non  eft  inventus,  and  the  defendant  is  fugitive,  upon  which  return the  defendant  againfl  whom  fuch  return  fhall  be  made,  being  called  in  open  court,  and  not appearing  nor  putting  in  pledges,  ipfo  fa£lo,  fhall  be  fued  and  ufed  as  a  foreigner,  and  in that  court  upon  the  aid  plaint  the  party  fhall  have  procefs  againfl  goods  and  body  to  an¬ fwer  the  aft, on  or  elfe  at  the  eleftion  of  the  plaintiff  he  fhall  thenceforth  beat  liberty  to iue  every  Inch  defendant  where  he  will  as  againfl  a  foreigner. March  19,  4  Edward  VI.  1550,  this  was  ordered  to  be  proclaimed. That  all  thofethat  bring  any  corn  to  the  city  to  be  fold  fhall  fell  the  fame  corn  in  the market-place  of  thefaid  city,  and  in  no  common  ffreet  nor  within  no  houfe,  upon  pain  of e  very  one  of  them  that  doth  the  contrary,  and  he  or  they  hereafter  at  any  time  fhall  pay  a fine  to  the  common  chamber  of  this  city,  after  the  quantity  of  the  trefpafs  in  that  behalf Nor  to  fell  in  the  market  place  before  the  corn  bell  hanging  in  the  market-place  of  the Pavement  of  this  city,  be  rung  at  ten  a  clock,  &c  ■ J’Z  fn  n0,franchifed  f  this  city  do  take  upon  him  or  them  from  henceforth  to  „  „  . f-t  any  flail  within  any  market-place  of  this  city,  but  that  they  fhall  fell  their  wares  only within  their  fhops;  and  whole  that  doth  contrary  to  this  proclamation  fhall  pay  to  the a  CVery  u'Ch  °rff“ce P  ftillinSs  “d  right  pence.  This  proclamation v, as  made  the  da)  and  year  abovefaid,  Peter Robinfon  mayor I  i  i 4- Alfo H4 dels  and  ordi¬ nances. Foreign  buying and  felling. Hawking  of wares. Foreigners. injunction  in the  fierijfs court. lord -major's court. Order  for  lea,  < Als-houfes. 'Pudgerr Tide  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book I. Alio  that  no  perfon  or  perfons  which  are  common  fellers  of  woolen  cloth,  or  linnen  cloth, or  of  any  other  manner  of  wares  at  any  time  after  this  prefent  proclamation,  fhall  put  to fale  any  of  their  cloth  or  wares  to  any  ftranger  or  ferangers  within  this  city,  which  is  com¬ monly  called  foreign  (m)  bought  and  foreign  fold ,  againft  the  antient  grants,  ftatutes  and  or¬ dinances  of  this  city  •,  and  by  reafon  of  fuch  buying  and  felling  the  laid  cloth,  and  all  other merchandize  foreign  bought  and  foreign  fold  within  this  city,  is  to  be  taken  and  feized  to the  ufe  of  the  common  chamber  of  this  city.  Provided  that  this  proclamation  ihall  not  in any  wife  extend  to  the  hurt  and  damage  of  any  perfon  or  perfons  that  hereafter  ihall  bring to  this  city  woolen  cloth  or  linnen  cloth  of  their  own  proper  making  to  fell,  being  but  for afmall  quantity  offubilance,  but  that  it  be  lawful  for  all  fuch  perion  or  perfons  at  all  times hereafter  when  they  ihall  repair  and  come  to  the  faid  city  with  any  woolen  cloth,  &V. that  they  ihall  forthwith  refort  and  go  to  the  Thurfday  market  of  the  faid  city,  and  there to  'put  their  faid  cloth  to  fale,  without  any  penalty,  forfeiture  or  contradiction  in  that behalf.  ...  .  , And  if  any  perfon  or  perfons  go  hawking  about  this  city  with  their  cloth  or  any  other wares,  or  fell  contrary  to  the  antient  cuftom  and  ordinances  of  the  faid  city,  that  they  fhall pay  to  the  common  chamber  of  this  city  for  every  fuch  offence  three  (hillings  and  four  pence, fo  often  times  as  they  or  any  of  them  do  contrary  to  this  proclamation  in  felling  the  faid cloth  or  other  wares. An  ordinance  of  general  feffons  of  the  peace  for  the  city  of  York  July  io,  an.  regni  reg. Jac.  12. WHereas  feveral  unfreemen  do  drive  trades  within  this  city  to  the  prejudice  of  thofe  that are  freemen,  it  is  therefore  ordered  that  when  the  goods  of  any  unfreeman  by  them fold  to  foreigners  can  be  feized,  if  the  owners  or  pretended  owners  of  fuch  goods  fhall  bring any  aftion  for  fuch  feizure,  fc ?c,  the  charge  of  fuch  fuit  to  be  born  by  the  chamberlains  ol KITC  H ING  MA  N,  clcr *  pads  ibid. Decctnber  18,  1650. It  is  ordered  by  this  court  that  upon  any  bill  being  exhibited  for  flay  of  any  caufe  de¬ pending  in  the  fheriffs  court,  if  any  injunction  be  awarded,  the  fame  ihall  be  ferved  on  the plaintiff  in  the  fheriffs  court,  or  his  attorney  or  attorney’s  known  fervant  fome  time  before  the day  of  tryal  •,  and  that  the  plaintiff  in  the  fheriffs  court  may  proceed  to  tryal  without  any  mo¬ tion  in  that  behalf,  and  to  judgment  in  the  laid  caufe  if  this  court  fhall  fo  exprefly  think  fit notwithftanding  any  fuch  injunction  that  fhall  flay  execution  therein  till  the  defendant  an- fwer  to  the  faid  bill,  and  further  order  be  made  by  this  court  to  diffolve  that  injunction. And  whereas  divers  times  ftrangers  who  live  without  the  jurifdiCtion  of  this  court,  do  ex¬ hibit  bills  in  equity  to  be  relieved  in  equity  againft  fuits  commenced  againft  them  in  the fheriffs  court,  which  being  granted,  and  much  time  fpent  in  hearing  and  ordering  the  fame, yet  the  faid  plaintiff  knowing  that  the  procefs  in  this  court  cannot  reach  them  to  compel them  to  obferve  the  fame,  refufc  to  obey  the  order,  unlefs  it  be  agreeable  to  their  own minds,  or  to  pay  cofts  in  cafe  any  be  ordered  againft  them,  it  is  therefore  ordered  by  this court  that  before  any  bill  be  figned  in  this  court  for  any  foreigner,  the  plaintiff  of  that  bill fhall  become  bound  to  the  clerk  of  this  court  with  two  fufficient  fureties  in  twenty  pound, to  Hand  to  fuch  order  as  this  court  fhall  fet  down  in  that  fuit,  and  pay  fuch  cofts  as  fhall  be awarded  againft  him  or  them  in  cafe  any  fuch  be.  And  that  every  freeman  exhibiting  his bill  in  this  court,  fhall  bring  with  him  a  fufficient  perfon  that  by  his  word  fhall  engage  that the  plaintiff  fhall  abide  and  perform  the  order  of  the  court  made  therein. ROBERT  HEMS  IV  ORTH  mayor. Dec  ember  14,  1631. It  is  ordered  from  henceforth  for  ever  hereafter,  that  no  leafe  for  any  lands  or  tenements whatfoever  belonging  to  this  corporation  fhall  be  letten  to  any  perfon  or  perfons  whatfo- ever,  until  the  leafes  of  the  fame  lands  or  tenements  be  within  three  years  of  expiration. And  that  the  fame  may  be  more  carefully  performed,  it  is  further  ordered,  that  every  three years  there  fhall  be  fome  indifferent  perfons  appointed  by  this  court  to  infpedt  all  the  lands and  leafes  belonging  to  this  corporation. It  is  alfo  agreed  and  fo  ordered,  that  hereafter  no  perfon  or  perfons  fhall  be  Iicenled  to keep  any  alehoufe  within  this  city  or  fuburbs  thereof  by  any  of  the  juftices  of  peace  within the  fame,  except  it  be  openly  by  the  lord-mayor  for  the  time  being  and  aldermen  aflembled in  this  court,  or  at  a  general  quarter  feffions,  &c.  „  ,  _  ,  xrT February  6.  6  Ed.  V I.  1552. Ordered  that  all  foreign  badgers  coming  to  this  city  fhall  be  ftayed  to  buy  any  grain  in (m)  Dyer  mentions  this  cuftom  in  the  city  of  York,  Dyer's  reports,  p.  179-  lord  Cook  v- 8  to!-  1 1f-  inthecafc and  calls  it  a  good  prefeription;  but  fays  that  the  king  of  the  city  of  London  mentions  this  ot  York. by  letters  patents  cannot  give  fuch  a  power  to  them the Chap. VI.  of  the  CITY  «/YORK.  ziy the  market  before  one  of  the  clock  afternoon,  fo  that  the  freemen  of  the  city  may  be  fir &AStt  mi  ordt- ALLEN  STAVE  LET  mayor. March  io.  10  Hen.  Vllt. It  is  agreed  that  the  fearchers  of  no  occupation  within  this  city,  fuburbs  and  liberties  of  Searchers  of  or the  fame  fhall  have  che  correction  and  punifhment  of  the  defaults  done  and  commenced,' ^iom. concerning  all  the  faid  occupations  or  any  of  them,  but  that  the  fame  defaults  hereafter  fhall be  punifhed  and  redreffed  only  by  the  mayor  for  the  time  being  and  his  brethren,  and  half of  the  forfeiture  of  the  faid  defaults  fhall  remain  to  the  weal  of  the  laid  city,  and  the  other half  to  fuch  occupation  as  the  cafe  fhall  require. Alfo  that  every  fhip  or  boat  of  all  ftrangers  coming  to  the  ftayth  fhall  pay  one  time  of the  year  to  the  chamberlains  of  the  city  for  the  time  being,  for  every  fuch  fhip  and  boat four  pence  for  the  ringage. ROBERT  BROOK  mayor. Feb.  7,  1581. It  is  agreed  that  all  ftrangers  and  others,  fuch  as  have  been  freemen  and  do  not  keep  fcotro//. nor  lot  within  this  city,  nor  do  pay  to  the  poor  of  this  city,  fhall  pay  toll  for  all  fuch corn  as  they  fhall  bring  to  this  city. And  it  is  ordered  that  all  perfons,  whatfoever  they  be,  which  fhall  at  any  time  hereafter bring  any  malt  or  any  other  corn  to  this  city,  fold  or  to  be  fold  to  any  perfon  or  perfons being  not  free  citizens  of  the  fame,  fhall  pay  toll  for  the  fame,  &c. Oblober  16.  5  Ed. HI.  1551. Toll  dilhes  for  the  corn  market  fixteen  to  contain  a  peck.  Lib.  O.fcl.  55.  Toil May  7.  1 6  Eliz.  1554. Ordered  that  none  of  the  inhabitants  of  Huntington  fhall  have  any  dung  or  manure  from  Huntington™ within  this  city,  fuburbs  or  liberties  of  the  fame,  nor  any  citizen  fhall  fufter  the  faid  inhabi-  horm:l tants  of  Huntington ,  or  their  fervants,  or  any  of  them,  to  carry  and  bear  away  any  of  the faid  dung  or  manure  upon  pain  of  every  default  three  (hillings  and  four  pence. This  ordinance  was  made  becaufe  the  inhabitants  of  Huntington  impounded  divers  cattle of  free  citizens  of  this  city  as  they  were  going  to  the  common  of  Stockton. November  5,  1660. Order  for  cleanfmg  the  ftreets  every  Saturday ,  and  the  conftables  to  prefent  defaults  every  cleaning Monday  morning  to  the  lord-mayor  upon  pain  of  ten  (hillings.  Areas. July  7,  1649. Ordered  that  the  common  meafurers  foould  have  four  pence  a  laft  from  freemen,  and  fix  Meafurers and pence  from  foreigners,  and  four  pence  for  every  weigh  of  fait. November  1 4,  1 640. That  there  be  three  meafurers  and  twenty  four  porters  chofen,  and  that  there  be  eight  porters. porters  for  every  meafurer. In  pious  times.  September  9,  1649. Ordered  that  from  henceforth  the  pageant  mafters,  fearchers  of  the  feveral  companies  of  order  agamjl this  city,  and  all  fuch  as  fhall  be  admitted  free  brethren  of  any  of  the  faid  companies,  do  publick  feafts. henceforth  forbear  to  make  any  publick  feafts,  or  brotherhood  dinners  or  fuppers,  the fame  appearing  to  have  been  much  to  the  prejudice  and  undoing  of  divers  young  tradef- men,  &c. December  1.  13  Eliz.  1571. Ordered  and  agreed  that  the  common  Waites  of  this  city,  for  divers  good  caufes  and  con-  City  wut-s fiderations,  fhall  from  henceforth  ufe  and  keep  their  morning  watch  with  their  inftruments nccuftomed  every  day  in  the  week  except  only  fundays,  and  in  the  time  of  Chrijlmas  only  •, any  cuftom  or  ufage  heretofore  had  and  ufed  amongft  them  or  others  before  them  to  the contrary  notwithftanding. May  10,  1580. An  order  for  carrying  forth  filthy  tubs  and  other  filth  forth  of  the  city,  on  pain  of  three  Filth. foil  lings  and  four  pence,  &c. February  21,  1584. The  duty  of  coalwainers  coming  through  Micklegate-bar ,  let  to  the  wardens  of  the  ward  coalvains. for  eighteen  pound  yearly  paid  to  the  chamber  *  and  they  fufficiently  to  repair  the  caufe- way  yearly  from  Micklegate-bar  to  the  watering  place  beyond  St.  James's  chapel,  upon  their own  charges  on  pain  of  forty  (hillings  to  the  corporation. December  27,  1565. It  is  now  ordered  that  no  man  licenfed  by  order  of  the  ftatute^md  bringing  any  kind  o fCw»  brought grain  to  this  city  to  be  fold,  fhall  take  up  any  part  thereof  unto  fuch  time  the  citizens  be,0/  ecit)- lerved  thereof,  every  of  them  as  they  fhall  need,  unto  fuch  time  as  the  fourth  part  of  fuch grain 2  1  6 Houfe  of  cor¬ rection. T.oats  l )  mg the  faith. Cufloms  ttrd i'fcriptions. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. gr.iin  fo  brought  at  lead  be  fold  at  the  lord-mayor’s  price  for  the  time  beir)°-,  upon  pain to  every  of  them  that  fhall  offend  contrary  to  this  order,  to  forfeit  their  licence. An  order  for  fetting  the  poor  of  this  city  on  work,  and  St.  George' s  houfe  m  ie+the  hou'le of  correction  for  the  poor  ot  this  city. Oyfters  two  pence,  fait  three  pence,  merchandize  four  pence,  fuel  five  pence,  fuel  turfs fix  pence,  fuel  wood  dit.  Vide  mariners  ordinary. Several  cufloms,  preferiptions,  and  antient  ufuages  in  the  city ,  from  fir  T.  W.  &c. .  "yhe  cufloms  or  SClOS  of  this  city  are  mentioned,  in  general,  in  the  book  of  gwmeroag m^the  exchequer  ;  and  are  confirmed  by  feveral  charters  of  the  kings  of  England  to  the There  is  a  cuftom  in  this  city  that  thehufband  may 'give  his  lands,  which  are  of  his  own purchafe,  to  his  wife  during  the  coverture  between  them :  as  well  as  to  any  other  perfon  (p). And  this  faith  the  book  was  adjudged  a  good  cuftom. Here  is  alfo  a  cuftom  that  if  the  wife  do  not  claim  her  right  within  a  year  and  a  day after  the  death  of  her  hufband,  fhe  fhall  be  barred ;  and  a  woman  was  barred  in  a  cui  in Vila  upon  this  cuftom  (q). T  he  cuftom  of  the  province  of  York  is  likewife  in  the  city,  that  after  debts  and  funeral expences  paid,  the  wife  fhall  have  the  third  part  of  her  hufband’s  goods,  fcfr. Lands  are  deviieable  in  York  by  cuftom,  29  Edward  III.  fol.  27.  in  the  cafe  of  Thomas hipfe  of  this  city  for  lands  here,  the  defendant  pleaded  a  devife  by  will ;  and  it  is  admitted by  the  court  and  parties  that  the  lands  are  devilable  by  cuftom. Civil  as  Ebor.  32  it  appears  in  a  long  plea  in  Tr.  20  Edward  III,  that  William  Savage  and five  other,  the  children  of  Jordan  Savage ,  by  vertue  of  a  bequeft  by  the  will  of  the  faid Jordan  did  recover  according  to  the  cuftom  of  the  city  aforefaid,  ( r )  &c. (s)  The  city  of  York  is  held  of  the  king  in  free  burgage  and  without  mefne,  and  all  the lands,  tenements  and  fervices  within  the  city  and  fuburbs,  as  well  in  reverfion  as  in  demefne are  devifeable  by  the  ufage  of  the  faid  city  ;  and  the  citizens  may  devife  them,  and  they may  alio  devife  a  new  rent  out  of  the  fame  tenements  in  fuch  manner  as  they  fhall  think npfr  1 And  all  the  teftaments  by  which  any  lands  are  devifed  may  be  enrolled  in  the  Guild-hall on  record  at  purfuit  of  any  who  may  take  advantage  by  the  faid  teftaments  ;  and  thefe  te- ltaments  fhall  be  brought  in,  or  caufed  to  come,  before  the  mayor  and  aldermen  in  full court,  and  there  the  faid  teftament  fhall  be  publifhed  by  the  ferjeant,  and  there  proved  by two  honeft  men  of  mature  years,  who  fhall  be  fworn  and  examined  feverally  of  all  the  cir- cumftances  of  the  faid  teftament,  and  of  the  eftate  of  the  teftator,  and  of  his  feal and  if tfePro.°.  |  „  found  good  and  agreeing,  then  fhall  the  teftament  be  enrolled  in  the  records of  G mid-ball,  and  the  fee  fhall  be  paid  for  the  enrollment.  And  no  noncupative  teftament or  other  teftament  may  be  of  record,  unlefs  the  feal  of  the  teftator  be  put  to  the  fame  ;  but the  teftaments  which  are  found  good  and  true  are  effectual,  notwithftanding  that  they  be  not enrolled  of  record. By  antient  cuftom  of  this  city,  the  citizens  or  minifters  of  the  fame  ought  not  to  be  obe- c.ient  to  any  commandment  or  to  any  feal  but  to  the  commandments  and  feal  of  the  king immediately.  And  no  minifter  of  the  king,  or  other,  ought  to  make  feffion  or  any  ex<> cution  within  the  laid  city,  nor  within  the  franchife  of  the  fame,  by  land  or  water,  but  on¬ ly  the  minifters  of  the  city. By  antient  cuftom  alfo  the  liberties,  privileges  and  other  cuftoms  of  the  city  ufe  to  be recoided,  and  declared  by  mouth,  without  being  put  or  lent  elfewhere  in  writing. 1  he  conitables,  ferjeants,  and  other  officers  of  this  city,  of  antient  time,  have  ufed  to cairy  to  the  kiD  coat,  and  there  imprifon  trefpafies  going  in  the  night  againft  the  peace. Men  and  women  of  religion,  chaplains ,  fount!  in  the  night  time  in  fufpitious  places  with any  woman,  and  to  carry  them  before  the  ordinary  to  be  punifhed  according  to  the  law  of toll?  iurke. r  •  prifoners  that  are  arrefted  within  the  city,  and  are  committed  to  prifon  at  the ■  uit  of  the  party,  and  after  fent  by  writ  to  the  exchequer,  or  in  other  place  of  the  king with  their  caufes;  the  fame  prifoners  after  they  are  delivered  into  the  king’s  court  ought to  be  lent  back  to  the  city,  to  anfwer  to  the  parties  and  expedt  their  deliverance  there. Jf  any  houfe  in  this  city  be  on  fire,  fo  that  the  flame  of  the  fire  be  feen  without  the 1011  c,  t  ie  mailer  of  the  houfe  fhall  pay  to  the  bayliff  of  the  city  ten  pound;  becaufe  he had  no  more  care  of  his  fire,  by  which  the  people  of  the  king  are  frighted. Aug.  20.  Eliz.  reg.  an.  25.  1583. t  E  ?r‘  5!" ; ,  tlliltJrom  henceforth  no  fjeaD?beggan5  fhall  be  cholen,  and  from  Cbrijlmas next  John  Ge.LO.rt,  Thomas  Todd  and  William  Curtus  now  fjeaDteggarS,  fhall  not  have  any wages  of  cloathing  ol  the  common  chamber,  but  only  their  weekly  ftipends  gathered  of  the money  aflefled  for  the  relief  of  the  poor. ip)  din 12  H .  III.  prefeript  .61. 1  2  11.  III.  Jrcjcript.  61. (r)  Tr.  20  E.  III.  coram  rege. (;)  Out  of  the  records  on  Otife  bridge Becaufe z  1 7 Chap.  VJ.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. Becaufe  that  antient  cuftoms  are  treated  on  in  this  chapter,  I  am  here  tempted  to  piee the  reader  the  following,  which  was  once  ufed  in  this  city  ;  though  the  traditional  (lory  of Its  rife  has  fuch  a  mixture  of  truth  and  fiftion,  that  it  may  feem  ridiculous  in  me  to  do  it. I  copied  it  from  a  manufeript  that  fell  into  my  hands  of  no  very  old  date,  for  the  reader may  obferve,  that  this  was  wrote  fince  the  Reformation,  and  not  above  threefcore  years  from the  difufing  of  the  ceremony.  The  fryery  of  St.  Peter,  I  take  it,  was  what  was  afterwards called  St.  Leonard's  hofpital,  of  much  older  date  than  the  conqueft ;  but  I  fhall  comment  no more  upon  it. Th£  autient  cuftom  of  riding  on  St.  Thomas’ j  day,  the  original  thereof  and  $ iff continuance ,  &c. “  Jj/'LL  LIAM  the  conquerour  in  the  third  year  of  his  reign  (on  St.  Thomas's  day)  laid fiege  to  the  city  of  York ,  but  finding  himfell  inable,  either  by  poliqy  or  ftrength, to  gain  it,  railed  the  fiege-,  which  he  had.no  fooner  done,  but  by  accident  lie  met  with  two “  flTers  at  a  place  called  Skelton  not  tar  from  Fork,  who  being  examined,  told  him  they  be- “  longed  to  a  poor  fryery  of  St.  Peter  in  Fork,  and  had  been  to  feek  reliefe  for  their  fellows “  and  .themfelves  zgamR.  Cbrijlmas ;  the  one  having  a  wallet  full  of  vidlualls  and  a  fiioulder “  m,Jtton  in  his  hand,  with  two  great  cakes  hanging  about  his  neck  ;  the  other,  have - “  ing  bottles  ot  ale,  -with  provifions  likewife  of  beite  and  mutton  in  his  wallett. “  The  king  knowing  their  poverty  and  condition  thought  they  might  be  ferviceable  to “  towards  the  attaining  Fork,  wherefore  (being  accompanied  with  fir  George  Fothergill “  general  of  the  field,  a  Norman  born)  he  gave  them  money,  and  withall  a  promife,  that “  if  they  would  lett  him  and  his  foldiers  into  their  priory  at  a  time  appointed,  he  would  not “  only  rebuild  their  priory,  but  indowe  it  likewife  with  large  revenues  and  ample  privileges. “  The  fl7crs  eafry  confented,  and  the  conqueror  as  foon  fent  back  his  army,  which  that “  ptght,  according  to  agreement,  were  let  into  the  fryery  by  the  two  fryers,  by  which  they “  immediately  made  themfelves  mailers  of  all  Fork-,  after  which  fir  Robert  Clifford ,  who “  was  governour  thereof,  was  fo  far  from  being  blamed  by  the  conqueror,  for  his  flout  de- 44  fence  made  the  preceeding  days,  that  he  was  highly  elteemed  and  rewarded  for  his  va- lout,  being  created  lord  Clifford  and  there  knighted,  with  the  four  magillrates  then 44  m  office,  viz.  Uowngate ,  Talbott  (who  after  came  to  be  lord  Talbott)  Laffells  and  Er- t“  ringbain. “  The  urms  of  the  city  of  Tot  k,  at  that  time,  was  argent  a  crofs  gules,  viz.  St.  George’s “  crofi-  Thc  Conqueror  charged  the  crofs  with  five  lyons  pafiant  gardant  or,  in  memory “  of  tl,e  five  worthy  captains  magiftates,  who  governed  tlie  city  fo  well,  that  he  after. “  wards made  fir  Robert  Clifford  governour  thereof,  and  the  other  four  to  aid  him  incoun- “  fell.  And  the  better  to  keep  the  city  in  obedience  he  built  two  cajiles,  and  double  moated 44  them  about. 44  And  to  ffiew  the  confidence  and  trull  that  he  putt  in  thefe  old,  but  new  made,  officers 41  by  him,  he  offered  them  freely  to  afk  whatfoever  they  would  of  him  before  he  went  and 44  he  would  grant  their  requell ;  wherefore  they  (abominating  the  treachery  of  the  two  fry- 44  ers  to  their  eternal  infamy)  defired,  that  on  St.  Thomas's  day  forever,  they  might  have  a 44  fryer  of  the  pryory  of  St.  Peter's  to  ride  through  the  city  on  horfe-back,  with  his  free “  to  the  horfes  tayle,  and  that  in  his  hand  inllead  of  a  bridle,  he  Ihould  have  a  rope,  and 44  in  the  other  a  Ihoulder  of  mutton,  with  one  cake  hanging  on  his  back  and  another  on 44  hisforeaft,  with  his  face  painted  like  a  Jew,  and  the  youths  of  the  city  to  ride  with  him 44  and  to  cry  and  Ihout  jjoul,  with  the  officers  of  the  city  rideing  before  and  makeing 44  proclamation,  that  on  this  day  the  city  was  betrayed;  and  their  requell  was  granted  them “  Which  cuftom  continued  till  the  dilTolution  of  the  faid  fryery  ;  and  afterwards  in  imita¬ tion  of  the  fame,  the  young  men  and  artizans  of  the  city  on  the  aforefaid  St.  Thomas's “  day,  ufed  to  drefs  up  one  of  their  own  companions  like  the  fryer,  and  called  him  mil; 44  which  cullom  continued  till  within  this  threefcore  years,  there  being  many  now  livino- which  can  tell i ty  the  fame,  but  upon  what  oecafion  fince  difeontinued  I  cannot  learnt 44  This  being  done  in  memory  of  betraying  the  city  by  the  laid  fryers  to  William  the 44  conqueror. FAIRS  and  MARKETS  in  the  city  of  YORK. There  are  feveral  great  fairs  kept  yearly  within  this  city  and  the  fuburbs  thereof,  to  the great  benefit  not  only  of  the  citizens,  but  of  the  country  in  general.  Three  fairs^re  held withoutM^-k,  within  the  fuburbs,  on  the.  north  fide  of  thc  city,  on  a  plot  of  ground called  by  the  name  of  horfe-fair,  for  all  forts  of  cattle  three  times  in  the  year,  viz.  on  IVhit- Jun-Monday  [t),  St.  Peter's  day  and  on  Lammas-day. Thefe  two  fairs  are  tinder  the  order  and  governance  of  the  ffieriffis  of  the  city  ;  who  doWI  •  r y  cuftom  ride  into  the  find  fairs  in  their  fcarlet  gowns,  attended  with  their  ferjeants  at  Monday  "w mace,  an  ,  ormeilywith,  their  livery  men,  one  of  which  ferjeants  makes  always  procJa-^  PcterV mation  in  the  faid  lairs  as  follows.  '  pin. (t)  Cm.  pro  feria  ter, rod.  in  dvitat.  Ebor.  per  [ex  dies  p»fl  feji .  Penfccoft,  Cart.  i7  H.  VI.  *.  64.  Turn  Lond Kkk  The * 2 1 S  'The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. ';v,\on.  The  fheriffs  of  the  city  in  his  majefty’s  name  do  ftridtly  charge  and  command,  that  all and  every  perfon  or  perrons  whatfoever  that  do  buy  or  exchange  any  horfes,  geldings, mares,  colts  or  Alleys  in  this  fair,  fhall  enter  the  fame  in  a  book  kept  for  that  purpofe  at a  booth,  at  the  eaft  end  of  the  fair,  by  one  appointed  by  the  laid  fheriffs,  noting  down the  name,  furname  and  dwelling  places  of  the  buyers  and  lcllers,  and  the  price  of  the  goods bought  and  fold,  and  fuch  other  things  as  are  appointed  by  the  ftatute  in  that  cafe  made and  provided  ;  upon  pain  and  peril  that  fhall  fall  thereon,  &c.  God  five  the  king. Limnus  fair.  This  fair  is  called  tht  bi/hop’s  fair,  becaufe  the  archbifhop  hath  the  rule  and  jurifdiclion thereof,  and  begins  at  the  toll  of  the  bell  at  St.  Michael’s,  church,  Oufe-bridge  end,  at  three of  the  clock  in  the  afternoon,  the  day  before  Lammas  day.  At  which  time  the  fheriffs  of the  city  give  up  their  authority  in  the  city  to  the  lord  archbifhop  of  York,  his  bayliff' or fubftitute,  in  the  fheriffs  court  on  Oufebridge  by  delivering  to  him  their  white-rods.  At  the end  of  the  fair  which  is  at  three  of  the  clock  in  the  afternoon,  the  day  after  Lammas  day, after  the  knoll  of  the  faid  St.  Michael’s,  bell,  the  bifhop’s  bayliff  redelivers  to  the  fheriffs of  York  their  white  rods,  and  therewith  their- jurifdiftions.  According  to  antient  cuftom  a collation  or  treat  is  given  at  lbme  tavern  in  the  city  by  both  parties,  at  the  giving  up  and taking  again  their  authorities; During  this  fair,  from  three  a  clock  on  the  laft  of  July  till  the  fame  hour  on  the  fecond of  Auguft ,  the  fheriffs  authority  of  arrefting  any  perfon  is  fufpended  within  the  city  and fuburbs.  The  archbifhop’s  bayliff  or  fubftitute  hath  the  only  power  of  executing  any  ju¬ dicial  procefs  at  that  time. r-powiler  court.  The  archbifhop  keeps  a  court  of  pppoiuDcr  (u)  at  this  fair,  and  a  jury  is  impannelled  out of  the  town  of  JViflow,  a  town  within  the  bifhop’s  liberty,  for  determining  all  differences of  fuch  as  complain  unto  them  of  matters  happening  within  the  faid  fair. He  alio  receives  a  toll  at  the  feveral  gates  of  the  city  of  all  cattle  coming  to  the  faid  fair; and  again  of  all  cattle  fold  going  out  of  the  fair;  as  likewife  of  all  fmall  wares  both  in Thurfday  market  and  Pavement,  and  of  every  horfepack,  wallet,  mawnd,  bafket,  or  other thing  brought  in  at  any  gate  of  the  city  which  is  of  the  value  of  twelve  pence.  The  ftated tolls  are  thefe. d. For  every  beafl  coming  to  be  fold  • -  -  - —  •  i For  every  led  horfe,  mare  or  gelding  — —  -  ■  ■  -  - -  2 For  every  twenty  fheep  ■ -  - -  - -  —  4 For  every  horfepack  of  wares  -  - -  - *  - -  4 For  a  load  of  hay  to  be  fold  -  - -  - -  -  4 For  every  other  thing  to  be  fold  in  any  wallet,  maund,  bafket,  cloth-bag,  or  port--?  x mantua  to  the  value  of  twelve  pence  - -  - -  3 With  the  like  toll  of  all  and  every  of  the  faid  goods  fold  paid  by  the  buyer  at  his  carrying it  out  of  the  faid  fair,  &c. There  are  feveral  other  fairs  kept  within  the  city  yearly  for  all  forts  of  cattle  in  the  ftreets of  JValmgaie,  Fojfgate ,  Colliergate  and  Pelergate ,  which  are  Palmfiinday  fair,  the  Forthnight fairs.  All-fouls ,  Martinmas  and  Candlemas  fairs. r  im-funchy  Palmfiinday  fair  is  always  held  on  Thurfday  before  Palm-funday  from  whence  the  forthnight fair. Fonhnight. fairs. All'fouls fair. Martinmas Candlemas fair. S  t.  Luke  s  fair. An  antient cuflom. fairs  follow. Thefe  fairs  are  held  by  charter  from  queen  Elizabeth,  dated  June  30,  in  the  thirty  fe¬ cond  year  of  her  reign,  and  begin  the  fecond  Thurfday  yearly  for  ever  betwixt  Palm-Jun- S unday  and  Chrijlmas.  The  toils  taken  at  thefe  fairs  are  given  in  the  abftraft  of  the charters. This  fair  for  cattle  is  always  kept  in  Walmgate,  Fojfgate,  &c.  the  fecond  day  of  November yearly. This  fair  for  cattle  is  always  kept  in  the  ftreets  aforefaid  on  the  tenth  and  eleventh  of November.  And  on  the  fame  days  in  the  market-place  on  the  Pavement  is  kept  the  Jlatutes for  hiring  all  forts  of  houfhold  fervants,  both  men  and  women.  At  which  fair  there  is always  great  plenty  of  fuch  fervants  to  be  hired. This  fair  is  held  as  above  in  Walmgate,  Fojfgate ,  &c.  and  is  yearly  kept  on  the  Thurfday and  Friday  before  Candlemas  day  for  all  forts  of  cattle.  By  charter  dated  an.  reg.  regis Caroli  I.  7. This  fair  is  always  kept  in  Micklegate  on  St.  Luke’s  day  for  all  forts  of  fmall  wares.  It is  commonly  called  difh  fair  from  the  great  quantity  of  wooden  difhes,  ladles,  &c.  brought to  it.  There  is  an  old  cuftom  ufed  at  this  fair  of  bearing  a  wooden  ladle  in  a  fling  on  two ftangs  about  it,  carried  by  four  fturdy  labourers,  and  each  labourer,  was  formerly,  fup- ported  by  another.  This  without  doubt  is  a  ridicule  on  the  meannefs  of  the  wares  brought (u)  FH’POtt) tiers,  poliits  picpototicrs  court,  tribunal  quia  ailvenarum  caufa  fati/n,  nec  Jam  Jeterfo  calceis  pul- rwnultuarium,  quo  fine  formula  legis  lites  in  nundinis  con-  vere,  cognofcuntur.  Judex  hujufmodi  curiae  forte  pojfit  ap- iingeutes  decidmtur.  'a  T.  G.  Pied,  pes,  et  poudre,  pul-  pellari  judex pedaniu:-  feu  pedarius.  Skinner  etym.  diet. :  i:  ifeu  poudre,  pulverix.atus,  q.d.  curia  pedis pulverizati. to Chap.  VI.  of  the  CITY  a/' YORK,  2i<? to  this  fair,  fmall  benefit  accruing  to  the  labourers  at  it.  Held  by  charter  Jan.  25.  an. reg.  regis  H.  VII.  17.  * St.  Luke's,  day  is  alfo  known  in  York  by  the  name  of  tuljtp-DcigpOag,  from  a  ftrange  cu-  Another. Horn  that  fchool-boys  ufe  here  of  whipping  all  the  dogs  that  are  feen  in  the  ftreets  that  day. Whence  this  uncommon  perfecution  took  its  rife  is  uncertain-,  yet  though  it  is  certainly  very old,  I  am  not  of  opinion  with  fome  that  it  is  as  antient  as  the  Romans.  The  tradition  that I  have  heard  of  its  origin  feems  very  probable,  that  in  times  of  popery,  a  prieft  celebrating mafs  at  this  feftival  in  fome  church  in  York ,  unfortunately  dropped  the  pax  after  confecra- tion  •,  which  was  (hatched  up  fuddenly  and  (wallowed  by  a  dog  that  laid  tinder  the  altar table.  The  profanation  of  this  high  myflery  occafioned  the  death  of  the  dog,  and  a  per¬ fecution  begun  and  has  fince  continued,  on  this  day,  to  be  feverely  carried  on  againft  his whole  tribe  in  our  city. M  A  R  K  E  T  S. There  are  feveral  places  within  the  city  where  markets  are  kept,  but  the  principal  are called  Lhurfday  market  and  the  Pavement.  The  defcription  of  the  places  will  come  under  ano¬ ther  head,  and  I  fhall  hear  only  mention  the  days  they  fall  on,  &c. In  the  Pavement  is  kept  a  market  three  times  a  week,  Yuefdays ,  T burfdays,  and  Saturdays ;  Pavement which  is  abundantly  furnifhed  with  all  forts  of  grain,  and  vail  variety  of  edibles,  of  which m(trket- wild  fowl  is  not  the  lealt.  This  laft  article  is  fo  plentiful  that  I  believe,  for  a  conftancy,  no market  in  England  c an  produce  the  like,  either  for  quantity,  variety,  or  cheapnefs. The  Hand  for  wheat  always  ranges  on  the  north  fide  of  the  Pavement  market,  the  rye  Corn /lands  foot oppolite.  The  place  for  peafe,  beans  and  oats  is  in  Coppergate  and  the  barley  market  in-c¬ upper  Oufegate ,  all  contiguous.  The  poulterers  vend  their  wares  at  the  crofs. The  toll  of  this  market  is  of  corn  only  -,  and  from  every  lack-load  .of  corn,  be  it  either Tou  0g  corn two  or  three  bufhels,  is  taken  two  difhfuls  for  toll.  Sixteen  of  thefe  difhes  are  to  contain  a peck,  as  appears  by  an  ordinance  mentioned  before. No  corn  to  be  carried  out  of  this  market  till  the  toll  be  gathered,  and  that  the  toll-bell be  rung.  This  bell  is  hung  in  the  turret  of  the  new  crofs,  and  is  ufually  rung  at  eleven o’  clock.  After  which  the  market  is  free.  . (x)  Flejh  market  is  weekly  kept  every  Saturday  in  Tburfday  market-place 9  to  which  the country  butchers  have  free  refort.  There  is  alfo  in  the  common  fhambles  and  other  butcher’s (hops  of  free  citizens  an  open  market  kept  every,  day  ;  whereby  this  city  is  as  well  fupplied with  all  forts  of  lhambles-meat  as  molt  markets  in  England. Sea  fiJJo  market  is  kept  every  IFednefday  and  Friday  upon  Fojf -bridge,  betwixt  grate  and grate,  for  panniermen  free  of  the  city  -,  where  convenient  flails  have  been  lately  eredled for  them.  For  panniermen  not  free  of  the  city,  the  market  is  kept  in  Walmgate  at  the  eaft end  of  Foff-bridge. Several  good  ordinances  have  been  made  for  the  regulation  of  this  market,  which  may be  feen  in  the  fifhmonger’s  ordinary  -,  one  of  which  is  this,  no  pannierman  whatfoever  is allowed  to  carry  any  fifh  out  of  this  market  before  the  citizens  of  this  city  be  firft  ferved* til  the  market  bell  be  rung.  After  which  every  perfon  is  free  to  carry  his  fifh  to  any  other market  where  he  pleafes. The  nearnefs  of  York  to  the  German  ocean  and  eaftern  fea-ports,  caufes  this  market  to be  exceedingly  well  flocked  with  fea-fifh  of  mofl  kinds.  From  whence  it  is  bought  up again  and  exported  into  the  more  inland  parts  by  foreign  panniermen  -,  there  being  much more  of  this  valuable  bleffing  brought  to  the  city  than  can  be  confpm.ed  in  it.  However  it were  to  be  wifhed  that  the  abovementioned  ordinance  was  more  ftriftly  kept,  then  I  am afraid  it  now  is,  for  the  benefit  of  the  citizens  in  general. Frejh  fiffo  market  is  appointed  to  be  held  at  a  place  known  by  the  name  of  Salter-greefes upon  the  eaft  end  of  Oufe-bridge,  where  all  kinds  of  frefh  fifh  took  in  the  rivers  Oufe  and Humber  are  expofed  to  file.  Salmon  caught  in  thefe  rivers  are  accounted  exceeding  good ; but  when  the  feafon  will  not  permit  this  kind  o^  fifh  to  be  carried  to  London ,  the  leveral fifheries  on  the  Derwent  and  the  Yeafe  pour  it  in  upon  us  very  plentifully.  Here  are  (melts too,  which,  at  their  feafon,  are  oft  took  in  fuch  numbers  as  to  be  cried  about  the  ftreets in  wheel -barrows,  at  three  half  pence  a  fcore.  Oyfters  from  the  Lincoln/hire  and  Norfolk coafts  are  here  fold. An  order  for  this  fifh  fhambles  is  in  the  book  of  occupations,  letter  A,  fol.  177. In  the  fifhmongers  ordinary  is  an  order  that  all  ftrangers  fifher-boats  are  to  fallen  their  An  ordinance. boats  beneath  the  Staylh ,  with  their  fifh  in  the  water  of  Oufe,  atltTCntt  2nt)ruflplane*enD,  and to  fell  their  fifh  upon  Oufe-bridge  end  in  the  place  accuftomed,  and  to  fell  the  fame  betwixt leven  and  eleven  a  clock  forenoon. *  This,  and  another  fair,  was  granted  by  a  patent  of Henry  VII.  as  is  there  expreifed,  in  confuleratione  magni ct  not/ililisfeodi  firtnae  civitatis.  Prima pars  pat.  17  H.  VII. Rolls. ( x)  Every  Chrijlmcts  even,  EaJJer  even  and  Whitfun even,  the  lord-mayor,  aldermen  and  fhcriffs  have  ufed I to  walk  into  the  markets,  and  take  notice  of  the  mea- furesof  fait,  oatmeal,  and  fuch  like  things.  And  it  any fhambles  meat  be  rotten,  or  otherwife  unwholfome,  it is  openly  burnt  in  Thurfday-market ;  and  the  butcher,  or who  offered  fuch  corrupted  meat  to  fale  feverelv  fined. An  admirable  lav/  to  prevent  iicknefs  and  difeafes. Is 220  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. Butter  market.  Is  in  Micklegate ,  and  there  kept  on  Tuefdays,  Tburfdays  and  Saturdays,  but  not  prohi¬ bited  any  day  in  the  week,  for  the  benefit  of  the  merchants  of  this  city" This  market  is  only  for  firkin  butter,  a  merchandize  of  the  ftaple  to  be  exported,  fold  in grofs  to  free  merchants  of  the  city,  and  not  to  be  bought  or  fold  by  any  until  it  be  brought to  the  ftandard  of  the  faid  market,  and  there  tried  and  examined,  and  after  marked  by  the officer  thereunto  appointed  by  the  lord-mayor  for  the  time  being.  Who  hath  for  the marking  and  weighing  of  every  firkin  a  halfpenny.  There  is  a  fearcher  alfo  appointed  by the  cheefemongers  in  London,  who  has  an  allowance  from  them  of  fo  much  per  firkin.  The export  of  this  commodity  from  the  city  itfelf,  amounting  to  near  fixty  thoufand  firkins  a year,  is  a  great  argument  of  the  fertility  of  the  foil  about  us. Linnen  market. .  This  market  was  formerly  kept  in  Lburfday  market-place  every  Friday  weekly,  for  all forts  of  linnen  cloth,  and  of  linnen  yarn.  The  yarn  is  duly  fearched  by  the  wardens  of  the company  of  linnen-weavers  that  it  be  true  tale  from  the  reel,  and  well  fpun  thread.  The linnen  cloth  likewife  ought  to  be  fearched  and  fealed  by  the  faid  fearchers  of  linnen-weavers, before  the  fame  be  fold,  for  prevention  of  battling,  liming,  chalking,  or  any  other  de¬ ceitful  thickning  of  the  fame  by  bleachers  or  others,  contrary  to  theftatute  in  that  cafe  pro¬ vided.  Which,  fays  my  authority,  if  well  obferved,  would  be  a  great  improvement  to  that manufacture  in  this  city. Upon  a  complaint  to  the  lord-mayor  by  the  country-webfters,  an  order  was  made  Feb.  23. 1592,  Robert  Afkwitb  mayor,  as  follows, An  ordinance.  Jt  is  agreed  that  the  faid  market  (hall  be  kept  in  the  faid  market-place,  called  Tburfday market-place,  and  not  in  any  houfe  or  houfes.  And  that  the  fame  ihall  not  begin  before one  of  the  clock  in  the  afternoon  upon  the  Friday  weekly.  And  that  none  reforting  to  the faid  market  ffiall  buy  or  fell  there  before  the  faid  hour,  nor  in  any  other  place  upon  pain of  the  thing  bought  and  fold.  And  that  a  ftandard  of  a  true  yard  wand  fhall  be  fet  upon the  market  crofs  there,  and  that  the  inhabitants  thereabouts  ffiall  be  commanded  not  to fuffer  any  to  buy  or  fell  in  the  houfes  any  of  the  faid  cloth  brought  to  the  faid  market,  up¬ on  pain  of  fuch  fines  as  ffiall  be  thought  meet.  And  proclamation  ffiall  be  made  in  the  faid market-place  to  the  effeCt  aforefaid,  two  or  three  feveral  market  days.  And  that  no  yard wand  ffiall  there  be  ufed  but  fuch  as  ffiall  be  marked  and  burned  with  a  burn  in  that  behalf to  be  made,  and  agreeable  to  the  faid  ftandard,  &c. Proclamation  was  made  of  the  feveral  articles  accordingly,  and  an  officer  appointed  by the  mayor  and  aldermen  for  the  execution  of  the  premiftes,  and  one  moiety  of  the  forfeitures allowed  for  feizure  and  prefentments,  6?c. Leather  mar-  This  market  for  all  forts  of  tanned  leather,  both  of  hides  and  calf-fkins,  is  kept  on 1‘hurfday  every  week  in  the  Fhurjday  market-place  in  this  city ;  and  the  faid  leather  to  be fearched  and  fealed  there  by  the  fearchers  of  the  feveral  companies  of  cordwainers  and  cur¬ riers  in  this  city,  before  the  fame  be  fold,  as  well  upon  the  penalties  of  the  ordinancies  and by-laws  of  the  city  and  companies,  as  of  the  ftatutes  in  that  cafe  provided. Wool  market.  This  market  is  kept  on  Peafholtn-green and  was  firft  eftabliffied  anno  1707,  Robert  Ben- fon  efquire,  afterwards  lord  Bingley,  lord-mayor.  They  have  a  convenient  ffied  built  for  them where  the  wool  is  weighed. Herb  market.  Ufed  to  be  kept  clofe  under  the  church  in  Oufegate  ;  but,  anno  1729,  the  city  built  and fitted  up  a  neat  little  fquare,  adjoining  to  the  church-yard,  where  there  is  a  pump  in  the midft,  and  ftalls  for  the  herb-women  quite  round.  Pulfe,  roots  and  all  forts  of  garden- ftuff  are  here  daily  fold  as  they  come  in  feafon.  And  it  is  remarkable  that,  of  late  years, this  city  is  fo  much  improved  in  this  way,  that  our  little  fquare  is  an  epitome  of  Covent- garden.  Sic  parvis ,  &c. The  fee  far  m  rent  of  tbe  city  of  York  as  it  antiently  flood,  and  is  at  prefent  accountable  for. Fee  farm.  The  fee-farm  of  the  city  as  by  the  charter  of  king  John  was  in  his  reign  one  hundred  and -fixty  pound  per  annum. How  paid  may  be  found  in  a  regifter-book  in  the  council-chamber,  letter  Y,  fol.  157. Again  in  letter  B,  fol.  149. Out  of  the  aforefaid  farm  king  Richard  II,  by  his  charter  dated  April  24,  anno  reg.  20. -1394.  grants  to  the  mayor  and  citizens  one  hundred  pounds  per  annum  for  the  fupport  of the  bridges  of  Fofs  and  Oufe. In  the  regifter-book  of  the  city  in  the  council-chamber  on  Oufebridge ,  John  Norman  lord- mayor,  anno  reg.  regis  H.  VIII.  16.  1 534.  the  title  of  the  book  engraven  on  brafs,  is  re¬ corded  this  order  following. September  5.  28  H.  VII 1.  fol.  13. That  the  ffieriffs  of  the  city  are  to  pay  the  fee-farm,  and  to  receive  the  profits  of  the ffirievalty  accuftomed.  An  account  of  the  fee-farm  as  then  paid  runs  thus. To Chap.  VI. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. lit To  the  earl  of  Rutland  - Parcel  of  the  Ainfly  to  the  dean  and  chapels  of  St.  Thomas  and  St.  Stephen  at") Wejlminjler  - - -  - - - -  -  j Paid  to  the  lord  Darcy  for  the  king’s  river  of  Fofs  - - For  the  king’s  goal  in  Davy -hall  ■ -  - - - For  proffers  in  the  king’s  exchequer  -  — —  ■ For  fees  accuftomed For  the  Ainjly  yearly  paid  to  fir  Richard  Range  knight. his  life  - -  -  - - Paid  to  the  lord-mayor’s  two  gentlemen  or  efquires Paid  to  the  chamberlains  of  the  city  with  the  reafon  for  it for  the  term  of  ] l. S. d. 40 OO OO ®5 14 °7 9 2 0  6 7 12 01 48 OO 00 °7 OO 00 12 OO 00 02 13 04 OO °3 °9 92 06 03 And  further  the  fheriffs  are  difeharged  from  paying  forty  eight  pound  which  they  ufual- ly  paid  to  the  city ;  and  acquitted  of  the  payment  of  forty  pound  parcel  of  the  hundred pound  annuity  to  the  king  by  charter  of  fee-farm.  28  H.  VIII.  idem  fol.  13. The  fheriffs  to  be  accountable  in  the  exchequer  of  the  fee-farm  of  the  city  and  bailywick of  the  Ainjly ,  and  to  have  the  profits  and  commodities  thereof.  Regifter  book  letter  Y, fol.  337.  March  19.  4  Ed.  VI.  1550.  A  commifflon  granted  for  levying  the  fee-farm. Some  more  particulars  relating  to  the  farm  of  York  may  be  feen  in  Maddox’s  jirma  burgi , p.  176  (y). Gifts  and  charitable  legacies  given  to  the  city  of  York;  from  a  manufeript ,  16S1. 1.  s.  d. Nicholas  Girlington  to  be  lent  according  to  his  will  in  the  regifter-book  7 in  the  council-chamber  - .  ■ - -  -  3 William  Drew  to  be  lent  - -  -  - - Sir  Martin  Bowes  for  charitable  iifes Thomas  Smith  to  be  lent Dame  Catherine  Conjlable  to  be  lent  • -  — —  - - - Robert  AJkwith  to  be  lent  -  * - -  -  - . fames  Cotterill  to  be  lerit'according  to" his  will  -  - Richard  North  to  be  lent  to  the  poor  citizens  of  All-faints  on  the  Pave-] ment  and  St.  Margaret’s  parifh  * - -  - - - Sir  Thomas  While  alderman  of  London  devifed  out  of  his  charitable  gift to  the  city  of  Brijtol  one  hundred  and  four  pounds  to  be  brought  to  the merchant  taylors  hall  yearly  on  Bartholomew  day.  One  hundred  pounds to  be  lent  for  ten  years  fpace  to  four  poor  young  men  of  the  city  of  York , freemen  and  inhabitants  being  clothiers.  The  four  pounds  overplus  to  be employed  about  the  charges  arid  pains.  Beginning  at  York  anno and  fo  fucceflively  again  at  York  every  twenty  three  years  •,  whereof  this city  hath  now  received  eighc  fuccefiive  payments,  viz.  1 577,  1600,  1623, 1646,  1669,  1682,  1705,  1728,  in  all Chrifiopher  Turner  to  be  lent  - •  ■ -  - And  feven  pound  yearly  out  of  a  houfe  in  Stonegate,  to  fix  poor  widows Robert  Brook  alderman  to  be  lent 40 So 60 05 40 20 100 Lady  Herbert  to  the  poor  in  IValmgate ,  Crux  parilh  to  be  firft  preferred Lady  AJkwith  to  fix  poor  citizens,  to  be  lent  by  five  marks  a  piece  7 St.  Dionfs  parifh  to  be  firft  preferred  -  -  3 Francis  Agar  tanner  to  be  lent  -  ■ -  * - Jane  Young  to  be  lent  -  -  j- - John  Burley  to  be  lent  to  four  three  or  two  young  freemen  of  this  city-^ at  the  rate  of  fix  pound  per  annum ,  from  time  to  time  for  ever,  and  theC increafe  to  be  diftributed  yearly  amongft  the  prifoners  of  the  lower  goal  inC York ■  caftle  - -  -  -  -  ^ Thomas  Harrifon  alderman  to  be  lent  - -  - - Fabian  Farley ,  late  officer,  to  be  lent  - -  - Sir  Robert  Walter  alderman,  to  be  lent  to  fifteen  poor  citizens  by  five 7 marks  a  piece.  Haberdafhers  and  feltmakers  to  be  firft  preferred  J Richard  Binns  gent,  to  be  lent  - - ■  —  - William  Hawly ,  fometime  town-clerk,  to  be  lent  according  fo  his  will George  Buck  gent,  to  be  lent  - ■ - William  Robinfon  to  be  lent  - •  - tVilliam  Weddall  of  London ,  born  in  this  city,  to  be  lent  according  to  7 his  will  -  -  - 3° 40 3° 50 5o 20 80 according  to|^ (y)  There  arefeveral  inftanccs  upon  record  in  the  tower of  London,  and  elfcwhere,  of  this  city’s  being  feized  into Gifts  and  lega- 20  CO  OO 800 20  OO  OO OO OO OO CO 20  OO  OO OO OO OO OO IOO  OO  OO 00 OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO IOO  OO  OO the  king’s  hands  for  negleft  of  paying  this  farm.  See alfo  Maddox' s  exchequer. L  1  1  More 2 in  The  HISTORY  <md  ANTIQUITIES Gifts  m.i  it -  More  • —  —  —  - ■  — &acies-  William  Hart ,  pallor  of  the  Englifh.  church  at  Emden,  late  inhabitant  of' this  city,  to  be  lent  to  twenty  poor  men,  by  five  pound  a  man  two  years ' gratis ,  pooreft  and  moll  religious  to  be  preferred  ;  and  if  any  of  his  kin-' dred  inhabit  in  the  city  regard  to  be  had  to  their  preferment More  to  be  lent  by  ten  pound  a  man,  for  two  years  gratis Richard  Scot  z fquire,  to  the  relief  of  the  poor  —  - - - Chriflopher  Topham  to  be  difpofedof  according  to  his  will  — Lady  Mofeley  to  be  lent  according  ^:o  her  will  -  - Sir  Robert  Walter  alderman  to  pay  ten  pound  yearly  to  a  preaching  mi-  1 nifter  in  Cruxchurch  —  —  —  —  — • 'Thomas  Agar  alderman,  to  be  employed  to  fet  the  poor  on  work Alderman  Brearey  to  be  lent  by  forty  pound  a  man  yearly William  Dale  to  be  lent  -  - -  — Richard  Brewjler  to  be  lent  -  ■ -  - Sir  William  Allenfon  for  fetting  the  poor  on  work  * - Ileury  Thompfon  alderman,  for  binding  apprentices  - And  forty  pound  more  to  be  given  by  ten  pound  each  ward John  Beares  alderman  for  the  relief  of  the  poor  - Robert  Bv.chiam  gent,  for  the  relief  of  the  poor  - Stephen  Watfon ,  fometime  alderman  of  this  city,  gave  to  the  mayor  and aldermen  four  pound  per  annum ,  out  of  a  houfe,  for  the  preferring  a  fcho- lar  to  Cambridge. Book  I. IOO  oo  oo I  oo  oo  oo 200  OO  OO 20  OO  oo 50  00  00 20  00  00 120  00  OO 100  00  00 150  OO  CO 20  OO  OO 30  OO  OO 40  OO  OO 80  OO  OO 40  OO  OO IOO  OO  OO 100  00  00 Plate  belonging  to  the  city  of  York,  1681,  with  the  names  of  the  donors. Plate.  &c.  One  fjiver  bowi  given  by  Chrijtopher  Moltby  with  his  name  engraven  thereon  poize One  fiiver  bowl  given  by  the  lady  Harrifon  -  - One  fiiver  bowl  double  gilt  with  a  cover,  poize  twelve  ounces,  given  by  William Tankard  ti quire,  and  a  fiiver  winebowl  with  a  cover  gilt,  poize  fixteen  ounces,/1 given  by  Thomas  Appleyard,  changed  into  three  wine  bowls  poize  * One  great  fait  renewed  in  anno  1678  -  — —  - - Six  fiiver  trencher  falts  -  ■■■  - One  gold  chain  given  by  fir  Robert  Walter  knight,  fometime  alderman,  poize One  large  fiiver  beer-bowl  given  by  Jo.  Vaux  alderman Two  fiiver  flagons  given  by  Thomas  Herbert  fheriff One  great  fiiver  cann  the  gift  of  fir  Thomas  Witherington  ferjeant  at  law,  re- 1 corder  - - -  —  ■  ■  - —  -  poize  ] Two  fiiver  canns,  and  two  fiiver  goblets  parcel  gilt,  the  gift  of  Leonard  Beffon\ alderman  -  -  — ■ -  poize  j One  bafon  and  ewer,  the  gift  of  James  Hutchenfan  alderman  — One  fiiver  fugar  box  and  fpoon  given  by  fir  Wiliam  Allenfon  knight One  fiiver  cann poize —  poize Twenty  trencher  plates  the  gift  of  Mrs.  Anne  Middleton  • — One  dozen  of  fiiver  fpoons  the  gift  of  fir  John  Hewley  knight One  fiiver  tobacco-box  the  gift  of  Richard  Etherington  efquire  — One  gold  chain,  worn  by  the  lady  mayorefs,  given  by  Mr.  Marmaduke  Rawdcn  7 late  of  London  -  -  -  - -  3 One  gold  bowl  given  by  the  fame  gent.  -  —  — One  fiiver  chamber-pot  by  the  fame  -  - One  pair  of  fiiver  candlefticks  the  gift  of  alderman  Tyreman  - - Two  fiiver  tankards  parcel  gilt  the  gift  of  alderman  Bawtrey  ■ - - Six  fiiver  tumblers  the  gift  oi  Mr.  Mark  Brearey  - -  - - One  fiiver  tankard  the  gift  of  Mrs.  Hodgfon  midwife  - • One  fiiver  candlestick  the  gift  of  Mrs.  Bowes  -  - One  large  bowl  double  gilt,  with  a  cover,  the  gift  of  John  Turner  ferjeant  at  law  7 fometime  recorder  of  York  -  -  -  j A  fiiver  ftandi/h  the  gift  of  Mr.  Peter  Dawfon. There  are  likewife  belonging  to  the  lord-mayor,  during  his  office,  four  fwords  and  two oz. 14  ■ 20 28 59 J4 1 9 16 12  3 48 93 102 47 17 283 26 1  1  ■ l6 26l 5° 32 128 25  ; 25 40 150 maces. The  '  ft  of  the  fwords  and  thelargefi:  was  the  gift  of  the  emperor  Sigifmund \  father-in- law  to  king  Richard  II;  it  is  feidom  born  but  on  Chrijlmas-day  and  St.  Maurice. Another  given  by  king  Richard  II.  from  his  own  fide,  from  whence  the  title  of  lord  ac Crued  to  our  chief  mngiilrate.  This  is  the  leaft  fword  amongft  them,  but  the  greatell  in Value  for  the  reafon  above. A  third  is  that  of  fir  Martin  Bowes ,  lord-mayor  of  London ,  which  is  the  moft  beautiful, and  is  born  every  Sunday  and  other  principal  days  before  the  lord-mayor. The Chap.  VI.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. Th e  fourth  was  formerly  made  ufe  on  every  time  the  lord-mayor  went  abroad  or  ftirred from  home. The  maces  are  both  very  large,  filver  gilt  and  richly  adorned,  the  biggeft  cf  the  two  is carried  on  Sundays  •,  the  lefier  at  all  other  times. f}  iwprd-bearer  hath  a  hat  of  maintenance ,  which  he  wears  only  on  Cbrijtmds  day,  St. Maumee  s  day  and  on  the  high  days  of  folemnity.  This  hat  he  puts  off  to  no  perfon  what- loever ;  and  fits  with  it  on  all  the  time  during  divine  fervice  at  the  cathedral,  or  elfe- where.  ’ The  yearly  revenues  of  the  city,  with  the  Spences  and  fees  of  the  common -chamber,  as  it  appeared by  the  chamberlains  accounts  taken  in  the  year  1681. The  chamberlains  this  year  charged  themfelves  with  the  receipt  of  monies  for  the  ufe  of the  common-chamber  of  the  city,  as  follows, For  rents  and  farms  according  to  an  inventory  or  parchment  roll F  or  cafual  receipts  _ _  _  _ _  _ For  fines  at  feflions  and  wardmote  courts  — .  . __ _ F  or  exonerations  of  offices  of  chamberlains  —  ; _ _ For  the  .rent  of  a  houfe  in  Midlam For  alderman  kVatfon's  gift  _  -  — :  ■ — ■  ; •  Total  receipts The  faid  chamberlains  paid  out  the  fame  year,  i58i,  for  the  ufe chamber  of  die  city  of  York  in  difeharge  of  their  accounts  as  follows, For  fees  of  the  common-chamber  143/.  16  s.  Sd. To  the  ford-mayor  his  fee  _  __  _  _ To  the  tovvn  ' clerk  for  his  fee  —  _  •  ^  _ T'o  the  'fword-bearer  his  fee  _ _ To  the  niace-bearer  his  fee  —  ~  _ T6  the  fowferjeants  at  mace,  each  4/.  i3s.  Ad.  ter  annum To  the  city  s  cook  for 'his  fee  _  _  .  T  - Tb  the  city  baker  his  fee  _  -  - To  the  porter  his  fee  _  _ :  ^  __ To  the  city’s  clerk  for  paper,  parchment,  &c.  — —  -  4 To  the  keeper  of  the  common-hall  ~  ~  , To  the  recorder  for  his  fee  — 213 /. s. 1 500 00 00 341 03 0+ 12 18 04 53 06 08 06 08 00 IO48 °3 00 of  the common- 50 00 00 20 00 00 08 18 00 oS 16 08 18 15 04 43 06 08 04 00 00 04 00 00 02 00 00 OO 13 04 >3 66 08 J43 1 6 os —  09 od 00 m  05 do do 556 14 04 219 05 01 03 00 00 06 00 00 06- 13 04 -  r5 00 00 }  °3 10 00 06 08 00 For  rents  refolute,  &c.  M  ^  ^ For  the  city’s  chirurgeon  —  ; _ For  expences  neceffary  —  _  '  _ For  expences  in  building  and  repairs  _  _  — For  fir  Marlin  Bowes  his  gift  _  _ .  _  _  . For  JVeddal's  gift  —  _  _ _ For  Peacock's,  gift  __ For  alderman  Vaux's,  his  gift  _  _  _  __ F  or  expences  of  the  audit  yearly  allowed  40  s.  and  30  s.  to  the  cham¬ berlains  for  yearly  expences  —  _ For  a  Cambridge  fcholar  according  to  aldermen  JVatfon's  gift  _ Total  payment  969  07  06 *  }  flralIJn°^dra^  tj1,s  tedious  chapter  to  a  conclufion,  by  giving  fome  account,  as  the title  of  it  directs,  of  the  feveral  gilds,  crafts,  trades  and  fraternities,  which,  have  been  antient- ly  and  are  at  prefen  t  in  this  city.  The  religious  gilds  and  fraternities  will  fall  apter  in  an¬ other  part ;  when  I  come  to  deferibe  the  places  where  they  were  held  in  York.  The  trades and  crafts  of  the  city,  which  are  diftinguiffied  by  having  publick  halls  for  their  feparate meetings,  may  expect  an  account  of  them  in  the  general  furvey.  What  I  fiiall  chufe  to go  heie  ;s  to  give  a  ffiort  account  of  thofe  companies  of  an  higher  order  in  the  city  at  pre- ent,  and  a  general  lift  of  all  the  trades  that  were  occupied  in  York  about  a  hundred  years ago  But  if  the  reader  be  curious  to  know  what  occupations  were  more  antiently  carried  on in  this  city,  he  may  be  fatisfied  by  perufing  the  account  of  corpus  Cfjtitti  plap  ;  which ivas  formerly  ailed  every  year  in  York,  and  to  which  every  feparate  trade  from  the  high- eft  to  the  loweft,  were  obliged  to  fit  out  a  pageant.  This  piece  of  religious  folemnity  I have  excited  from  the  city’s  regifters,  _  and  lhall  place  in  the  appendix. ,  .  ier5.a[e  companies ,  or  gilds,  in  the  city  of  York,  whofe  officers  are  exempt  from the  junidiction  of  the  lord-mayor  •,  the  mafters  and  fearchers  of  all  other  companies  being fworn 4 214 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  EookI. fworn  before  him.  The  companies  here  are  not  as  in  London,  all  feparate  and  diftinti trades,  though  they  alfumc  a  feveral  coat  of  arms,  as  if  they  were  fo  many  different  com¬ panies.  For  inttance. The  merchants, grocers,  mercers  (z)  and  apothecaries  make  but  one  corporation  in  York,  by having  one  governour,  a  deputy-governour,  two  affiftairts  and  a  fecretaty.  Yet  they  bear each  a  diffcincb  coat  of  arms,  as  feveral  trades. So  like  wife  the  drapers ,  and  merchant-taylors *  are’  incorporated  into  one  company;  have  a matter  and  fearchers,  but  bear  diftindt  arms. The  linnen-we avers,  an  occupation  now  not  much  in  ufe  in  the  city,  are  a  company  of themfelves,  who  likewife  have  a  matter  and  fearchers. Thefe  three  fraternities  are  the  only  trades  whole  officers  are  exempt  from  taking  their oaths  in  the  mayor’s  court;  holding  their  privileges  by  charter. An  account  of  the  feveral  trades  within  the  city  of  York,  and  what  every  trade  pays  yearly  to the  faid  city  for  the  repair  of  their  £Ir)otC-'t)aU,  called  &t,  0ntfjQnj>,!S*gittJ,  taken  anno  1623. Trades. s. d. ■Trades. 5.  ■ d. Merchants  and  Mercers 5 ■0 Tanners  — -  ■ — 4  , 0 Drapers  — _ 4 O Cordwaincrs  —  — . 2 0 Goldfmiths  — — 2 O Fiffi  mongers  —  — 1 0 Dyers  —  — — 1 O Carpenters  —  - — 2 0 Haberdattiers  • — 1 O Bladefmiths  —  — . 1 8 Vintners  —  — _ : 2 O Pewterers  —  - — 1 4 Sadlers  • —  — — : 2 O Glovers  —  — . 1 6 Bakers  —  • — ■ _ 3 0 Armorers  — •;  — , 1 0 Butchers  —  — _ 4 0 Inholders  —  * — 4 0 Waxchandlers  — - — 0 8 Milners  —  —  — . 3 4 Marriners  — _ 0 8 Coopers  —  — . 1 4 Bra  Hers  —  — _ 1 0 Skinners  —  —  •= — 1 6 Barbers  - - — 0 8 Glafiers  —  . —  — . 1 0 Embroiderers  - 0 4 Shearmen  — :  — 0 6 Girdlers  —  - 1 4 Spurriers  —  - — 0 6 Blackfmiths  ■ — ■ b 8 Lockfmiths  —  — 0 4 Pannyer-men  — 1 4 Cookes  — *  —  ~ 1 0 Bricklayers  — '■ — 1 4 Painters  ~ 0 8 Parchment-makers _ 2 0 Founderers  —  — . 1 0 Linnen-weavers  — — 1 2 Coverlet-weavers  —  — • 1 8 Pinners  — — 0 6 Ropers  — •  — .  — : 1 0 Curriers  —  r— — • 0 8 Porters  —  — .  — 1 0 Coblers  ^  *; 1 0 Labourers  ~  —  — . 0 8 Silk-weavers  — > 1 4 Muficians  — .  S 1 0 Tallow-chandlers  — . 0 8 (1)  Mercers  Ebor.  ineorporat.  per  nomen  guhernater,  bUrcator.  advent ur.  13  El.  pars  4.  /.  $.  Rolls. CHAP. Chap.  VII. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. 21 J CHAP.  VII. The  ancient  and  prefent  fate  of  the  city  of  York,  in  refpecl  to  its fit  nation,  trade,  navigation  of  the  river  Ouse,  number  of  inhabi¬ tants,  manufactures,  price  of  proviftons,  &c.  An  exaB  furvey  of the  city  and  fuburbs,  with  their  antient  and  prefent  boundaries. The  etymology  of  the  names  of  feveral  Jlreets,  lanes,  ban  s,  & c. The  ftreets,  lanes ,  allies,  courts,  gates,  market-places ,  croffes,  bridges, prifons,  halls,  currents,  and  rivers.  The  parifh  churches  ;  their value  in  the  kings  books,  ancient  and  prefent  patronage ,  lifts  of  the feveral  incumbents ,  with  their  refpettive  infcripfwns,  epitaphs,  coats of  arms,  &c.  The  monafteries,  hofpitals,  maifondieus,  demolifhed churches  and  chapels,  which  flood  here  before  the  Reformation, are  traced  up,  as  far  as  poffble,  to  their  original  ftru'clwes  and  en¬ dowments. TH  E  wifdom  of  our  anceftors  is  very  eminent  and  remarkable  in  their  choice  of the  fituacion  of  this  antient  city,  both  for  ftrength,  richnefs,  fertility  of  the country  about  it,  and  falubrity  of air.  As  to  the  firft,  the  antient  Britons  gave  it the  name  of  Coer,  even  in  the  time  of  the  Romans ,  if  not  before  their  landing  here, “which does  to  this  day  in  the  Britijb,  or  Weljh,  tongue  fignify  a  fortified  place^  Caer,  fays their  antiquary  (a),  is  derived  from  the  verb  can ,  to  fhut  up,  or  indofe  ;  and  any  trench or  bank  of  an  old  camp  is  now  lb  called  in  Wales.  From  whence,  adds  he,  thofe  places of  Britain ,  which  had  been  walled  by  the  Romans ,  the  old  Englijh,  however  that  came  to pals,  turned  every  Caer  of  theirs  into  Eeaycep ;  which  came  afterwards  to  differ,  defter, and  dfjeffer.  But,  with  fubmiffion  to  this Britijh  etymologift,  the  Cason  Ckefter,  See.  leems (•0  Sec  Caer  in  Lhtiyd’s  advevfaria,  Baxter. M  m  m rather The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. rather  to  be  deduced  from  the  Roman  caftrum  than  the  former.  I  have  elfewhere  taken  no¬ tice  that  York  is  frequently  called  Eeaycep,  Amply,  by  the  Anglo-Saxons,  as  well  .ts Ecpepi'ic  Ceapcep  ;  and  this  is  fufficient  to  fhew  that  our  city  had  this  name,  ah  origins, given  it  by  the  natives,  from  its  walls,  enclofures,  or  fortifications.  Whoever  confiders  the fituation  of  Fork,  in  the  annexed  plan,  mud:  allow  that  nature  gives  great  ftrength  to  it. But,  when  affifted  by  Roman  arts  and  induftry,  muft  have  rendered  the  city  impregnable in  thofe  days.  The  eaft  part  of  the  city,  which  in  their  days  feems  to  have  been  their ftrongeft  and  greateft  fecurity,  is  flanked  on  the  weft  and  eaft  by  two  rivers,  meeting in  a  point  fouth.  On  the  north  was  an  impenetrable  foreft  ;  to  thefe  were  added  ftrong  high walls  and  bulwarks,  mttris  et  turribus  altam,  fays  Alenin,  efpecially  that  wall  which  an- tiently  ran  from  the  Roman  tower,  already  deferibed,  parallel  with  the  Oufe  to  the  Fof. The  foundations  of  this  wall  have  been  difeovered  in  digging  of  drains  and  cellars  along Lendal,  Conyngftreet,  and  up  as  far  as  the  Cajtlehilh  and  J  have  ventured  to  draw  a  line  in the  plan  to  ihew  the  courfe  of  it.  By  means  of  this  wall,  which  the  prefent  remains  of  it demonftrate  that  it  was  built  up  to  a  prodigious  height,  and  the  rivers;  this  part  of  the town  muft  be  rendered  impregnable  ;  and  was  fufficient  to  baffle  any  attack  that  could  then be  made  againft  it.  The  weft  fide  of  the  city,  which  as  I  have  hinted  refcmbles  the  Tremf- txberirn  of  Rome,  was  alfo  as  ftrongly  fortified  by  them  as  the  fite  of  it  would  allow.  For from  almoft  a  flat  fuperficies  fuch  large  and  noble  old  ramparts  are  thrown  up,  and  ditches made,  as  few  cities  in  Europe  can  boaftof.  In  all  probability  this  alfo  was  a  Roman  work; the  Roman  arch  yet  ftanding  in  Micklegatebar  fufficiently  proves  that  the  gate  ftood  where it  now  does  in  their  days.  And  there  is  a  work  without  it  called  now  the  Mount,  whofe traces  evidently  Ihew  it  to  have  been  a  ftrong  outwork,  or  caftle,  raifed  on  both  fides  the grand  road,  the  better  to  defend  this  entrance  to  the  city.  I  fliall  bp  more  particular  on thefe  matters  when  I  come  to  deferibe  the  things  themfelves  ;  and  fhall  juft  take  notice  that York,  from  the  time  of  the  Romans  and  Saxons,  and  even  down  as  low  as  our  later  Scotijh wars,  was  always  efteemed  the  bulwark  of  the  north,  and  was  the  chief  guard  to  Britain againft  thofe  northern  invaders.  Mr.  Camden's,  defeription  of  our  city,  in  his  days  falls next  in  my  way:  “  York,  fays  our  great  antiquary  (b),  is  the  fecond  city  in  England,  the “  firft  in  this  part  of  the  ifland,  and  is  a  great  ftrength  and  ornament  to  the  north.  It  is, “  adds  he,  both  pleafant,  large  and  ftrong,  adorned  with  fine  buildings,  both  publick  and “  private  ;  populous,  rich,  (Ac.  The  river  Ure,  which  now  takes  the  name  of  Oufe,  runs “  gently  from  north  to  fouth  quite  through  this  city,  and  divides  it  into  two  parts,  which “  are  joined  by  a  noble  ftone-bridge.  The  weft  part  of  the  city  is  no  lefs  populous,  lies  in “  a  fquare  form,  enclofed  partly  by  ftately  walls  and  partly  by  the  river,  and  has  but  one «  way  to  it,  namely  by  Mickle-bar.  The  eaft  part  is  larger,  where  the  buildings  ftand “  thick  and  the  ftreets  are  narrow,  is  fhaped  like  a  lentil,  and  ftrongly  walled  ;  on  thefouth- >t  e.,jf  it  is  defended  by  a  Fofs,  or  ditch,  very  deep  and  muddy,  which  runs  by  obfeure “  ways  into  the  very  heart  of  the  city,  and  gliding  clofe  by  the  caftle-walls,  a  little  farther “  falls  into  the  Oufe. As  to  the  great  ftrength  which  this  author  gives  to  our  fortifications,  though  our  walls were  then  reputed  ftrong,  and  long  after  his  time  ftood  a  vigorous  fiege,  againft  a  very  for¬ midable  army,  yet  the  art  of  war  has,  of  late  years,  been  fo  much  improved,  that  they  are nowoffmall  ufe;  and  would  be  of  as  little  fervice  againft  a  modernattack,  as  the  ramparts they  ftand  on.  I  have  been  told,  however,  by  one  of  the  ableft  engineers  (c)  in  the  pre¬ fent  acre,  upon  a  view,  that  York,  by  the  fiatnefs  of  its  fituation,  and  the  great  command of  water  about  it,  is  capable  of  receiving  as  ftrong  a  fortification  as  moft  of  the  towns  in Flanders.  But  then  the  extent  of  itswalls  would  demand  a  very  large  garrifon  to  fuftain  it. So  much  for  its  ftrength.  Next,  .  .  . The  advantage  of  its  fituation,  in  regard  to  the  fertility  of  the  country  about  it,  ls.evi- dent  ■  but  will  be  much  more  fo  to  thofe  who  (hall  carefully  furvey  the  map  I  have  before inferred  of  the  richeft,  and  moft  extenfive  valley  in  Britain.  Whofe  compafs,  though  fomc hundreds  of  miles,  is  called  by  antient  hiftorians  tljC  talc  of  ^Olft.  Should  I  pretend  to deferibe  the  vaft  quantities  of  all  kinds  of  provifions,  neceflary  tor  the  prefervation,  and even  the  luxury  of  human  life,  which  is  produced  in  this  diftrift,  my  fubjeift  would  fwell to  a  much  greater  fize  than  I  care  to  treat  on.  The  populoufnefs  of  the  country  and  the weekly  and  even  dayly  provifions  brought  out  of  it  to  the  city,  are  tokens  demonftrative  to all  of  a  happy  fituation  in  regard  to  thofe  moft  efiential  points  of  life. Laftly,  as  to  the  faltlbrity  of  its  air  and  wholfomenefs  of  the  place,  we  have  no  lefs  to bonft  of  than  the  former.  Our  geographers  have  placed  this  city  in  the  latitude  ot  fifty  four degrees,  fome  odd  minutes  ;  no  bad  fituation  as  to  that  point.  And  I  have  been  told  that the5  winters  at  Paris,  and  feveral  other  parts  of  France,  are  much  feverer  than  with  us.  But our  meat  advantage  is,  that,  being  placed  at  fuch  a  diftance  from  the  fea,  on  every  fide, we  are  not  annoved  with  the  unwholfome  vapours  ot  it.  And  yet,  fo  near,  that  the  more mild  lalubrious  breezes  of  both  the  eaftern,  fouthern  and  even  weftern  feas  are  wafted  over us ;  which  with  the  natural  air  of  the  country  round  about  us,  and  the  advantage  of  two a'  canto’.  Britannia.  Gilfon.  (0  Col.  Lafctlb,  engineer,  in  chief,  to  Aeanojr. confi- Chap. VII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. confiderable  rivers,  which  as  drains  carry  off  all  fuperfluous  moifture  from  us,  render  the fituation  of  York  as  healthful  as  art  and  nature  can  contrive  it.  Experience,  againft  which lies  no  appeal,  makes  good  my  affertion  •,  for  though  the  flatnefs  of  the  city  and  country about  it,  may  make  the  air  to  be  fufpe<fted  for  unwholfome,  yet,  it  is  well  known,  we  have no  diftempers,  which  the  phyficians  call  cndemick ,  attend  our  climate ;  but  on  the  con¬ trary,  even  difeafed  people,  efpecially  confumptive ,  are  known  to  be  much  fupported  by the  mildnefs  of  it.  The  natural  foil  of  this  city  is  found  to  be  moftly  a  morafs ;  except the  weft  part,  and  that  fine  landy  bank  which  runs  along  the  eaft  fide  of  the  river.  But it  has  been  fufficiently  raifed  above  the  mofies,  by  its  feveral  ruins  and  devaluations ;  and you  cannot  dig  any  where,  almoft,  but  you  meet  with  burnt  earth,  cinders,  and  ftone pavements  buried  very  deep  in  the  ground.  Along  Petergate ,  and  near  the  cathedral,  you. dig  a  yard  or  two  deep  in  chippings  of  ftone,  before  you  come  at  any  foil ;  which  mult have  been  laid  there  from  the  vaft  quantities  of  that  Huff  left  by  the  workmen,  at  the  fe¬ veral  buildings  and  reparations  of  the  Minjler.  But  what  is  matter  of  great  lurprize,  is, that  the  labourers  in  digging  deep  for  cellars,  about  the  heart  of  the  city,  have  met  fre- quenlly  with  a  large  quantity  of  pure  quickfilver;  which  yet  glided  from  them  fo  fall that  they  were  not  able  to  fave  any.  I  Ihould  not  have  given  credit  to  this,  had  I  not heard  it  attefted  by  perfons  of  undoubted  veracity;  particularly  from  my  worthy  friend Mr.  John  Tomlinfon ;  who  affured  me  that  the  lame  accident  happened  in  digging  the  cel¬ lars  of  the  new  houfe  he  built  at  the  corner  of  Collier-gate  and  St.  Saviour-gate.  How  this mineral,  or  what  you  will  call  it,  comes  to  be  found  in  this  foil,  1  lhall  leave  to  the  na- turalijls  to  determine. f  now  proceed  to  give  an  account  of  the  ancient  and  prefent  ftate  of  trade  in  this  city, which  as  it  was  formerly  one  of  its  molt  vital  parts,  fo  when  it  is  in  danger  to  be  lopped off,  or  any  ways  maimed,  the  whole  conftitution  muft  fuffer  by  it.  It  is  but  a  melanchol- ly  profpeft,  to  the  prefent  inhabitants  of  this  once  opulent  city,  to  fee  their  water  and trade  every  day  decreafing,  finding  out  and  . fettling  in  new  places  and  chanels.  Nor  will it  be  a  more  agreeable  view  to  let  them  fee  backwards,  and  fhew  them  the  riches  and grandeur  of  their  predeceffors,  which  when  compared  with  their  own  ftate  muft  make them  feem  mean  and  infignificant.  I  lhall  therefore  juft  curforily  run  over  this  laft article,  to  fhew  my  fellow  citizens  the  reafons  of  this  ftrange  defertion  of  trade  and  wa¬ ter,  and  point  out  fome  probable  means  to  regain  it.  In  this  I  hope  not  to  be  thought tedious ;  I  write  for  the  information  of  pofterity ;  I  ftiew  them  the  failings  of  their  an- ceftors;  and  if  I  only  thought  I  could  influence  either  our  prefent  magiftrates,  or  their  fuc- ceffors,  to  be  follicitous  in  regaining,  what  probably  is  not  yet  too  Sr  gone  from  us,  the recompence  of  it  would  far  exceed  my  labour. That  York  was  formerly  the  chief  emporium,  place  of  trade,  or  mart-town  in  the  north of  England  is  certain.  The  advantage  of  its  fituation  in  fo  fruitful  a  valley,  and  on  the then  only  navigable  river  in  the  county,  rendring  it  exceedingly  commodious  for  the  import and  export  of  all  the  neceffaries  for  life  or  luxury.  Our  Alcuin  {d),  if  he  does 'not  flatter his  native  place  too  much,  gives  it  great  preheminence  in  the  then  trading  world  and ftyles  it • - - -  Emporium  terrae  commune  marifque. Yhe  common  mart  of  fea  and  land .  This  author  who  wrote  near  a  thoufand  years  ago  has left  us  this  fine  defeription  of  its  trade,  riches,  and  noble  fituation  in  his  days,  ° EJfet  ab  extremo  venientibus  hofpita  portu Navibus  oceano ,  longo  fua  prora  remulco , Navita  qua  properans  ut  fiftat  ab  aequore  fejfus . (e)  Hanc  pifeofa  fuis  undis  interluit  Us  a, Florigcros  ripis  praetendens  undique  campos, Collibus  et  filvis  tellus  hinc  inde  decora , Nobilibufque  locis  habitatio  pulcbra ,  falubris , Fertilitate  fui  multos  habitura  colonos. Quo  variis  populis  et  regnis  undique  lefti ' Spelucri  veniunt,  quaerentes  divite  terra Divitias,  fedem  fibimet ,  lucr unique  laremque ,  &c. Thus  imitated. From  the  raoft  diftant  lands  fhips  did  arrive. And  fafe  in  port  lay  there,  tow’d  up  to  fhore. Where,  after  hardlhips  of  a  toilfome  voyage. The  failor  finds  a  fafe  retreat  from  fea. By  flow’ry  meads,  on  each  fide  of  its  banks. The  Oufe ,  well  ftored  withfilh,  runs  through  the  town. With  hills  and  woods  the  country,  finely  grac’d. ( d)  Alcuin.  Ebor.  de  ptntif.  Ebor. 4 (?)  Sell,  urban. Adorn’d IV? 2iS  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. Adorn’d  with  noble  feats,  an  healthful  foil, By  its  fertility  invites  the  carls T’  inhabit, - Hither  for  gain,  from  various  foreign  parts. Come  various  people  ;  feeking  opulence. And  a  fecure  abode  in  wealthy  land. I  his  was  the  ftate  of  our  city  under  the  Saxon  government  in  this  ifiand,  and  as  it  was then  the  capital  of  the  Northumbrian  kingdom,  by  far  the  greateft  and  moft  powerful  in the  Heptarchy ,  fo  muft  it  flourifh  in  riches  and  trade  beyond  even  London  itfelf  in  thofe days.  What  devaftation  befel  us  at  the  conqueft,  I  have  elfewhere  fufficiently  treated  of  ; William  of  Malmjbury ,  in  his  defcription  of  the  city,  before  that  thunder-clay  fell  on  us, calls  York  (f)  a  great  and  a  metropolitan  city,  and  fays  that  l hips  trading  both  from  Germany and  Ii  eland  lay  then  in  the  heart  of  it.  11  lhips  could  come  from  thefe  two  countries,  it  is evident  that  there  might,  and  did,  arrive  others ;  and  perhaps,  as  Alcuin  writes,  from  all the  trading  nations  then  in  the  world. (g)  About  the  year  1186,  and  fifty  years  after  the  terrible  fire  in  king  Stephen's  time, this  city  fo  raifed  its  head  as  to  bear  half  proportion  to  London.  For  we  are  told  that king  Henry  II.  having  impofed  a  tax  on  his  fubjedts,  under  pretence  to  raife  money  for the  holy  mar,  he  took  this  method  to  levy  it.  He  caufed  a  choice  to  be  made  of  the  richeft men  in  all  the  cities  in  England ,  for  inftance  in  London  two  hundred,  in  York  one  hundred, and  according  to  this  proportion  in  all  the  reft.  All  thefe  at  a  certain  time  and  place  were to  appear  before  him,  from  whom  he  exacted  the  tenth  part  of  all  their  moveables,  by the  eftimation  of  credible  men  who  knew  their  worth;  and  fuch  as  refufed  he  imprifoned till  they  paid  the  fum  required. That  the  city  of  York  was  very  remarkable  for  trade  fome  ages  ago,  is  evident  from  the charter  of  king  John ;  who  only  confirms  to  the  gild  of  merchants  all  thofe  privileges  them- felves  or  their  fjailfcs,  or  colonies,  fettled  in  other  parts  of  England  and  Normandy ,  had before  his  time  enjoyed.  And,  indeed,  I  find  that  as  high  asking  Stephen  thefe  merchants were  of  great  account;  for  one  Thomas  de  Eurwic  paid  a  fine  to  the  king  for  being  made, as  is  expreifed  by  the  record,  alderman  of  the  gild  of  merchants  in  Eurwic  (b).  Hanfa ,  lati¬ nized,  is  derived  from  the  German  fjtinf or  the  Belgick  IjhltS,  which  is,  fays  Skinner ,  cities or  companies,  a  floriated  or  confederated  ;  fo  the  bans  towns ,  in  Germany  ftill  retain  the  old name.  Nor  is  it  yet  quite  loft  in  York ,  for  in  this  very  company  of  merchants  ftill  kept  up in  the  city,  thofe  of  theie  clD  iKHJS  are  efteemed  a  degree  before  any  of  the  reft. (i)  I  have  taken  notice  in  the  annals  of  this  work,  that  a  multitude  of  Jews  inhabited here  after  the  conqueft  ;  a  people  who  did  then,  and  do  ftill,  entirely  fubfift  on  trade. And,  as  they  were  a  fort  of  wandring  merchants ,  would  never  fit  down  in  a  place  not  con¬ venient  for  their  purpofe.  And,  notwithstanding  the  fatal  (k)  deftruriion  of  them,  a  new colony  came  and  fettled  here ;  where,  under  the  protedion  of  our  kings  they  lived  in  great fplendour  and  magnificence;  fo  Joceus  I  find  the  name  of  an  eminent  Jew  at  York  the  third of  John.  Thefe  anti-chrijTtan  foreigners,  whenever  the  crown  wanted  money,  were  muldt and  fined  at  pleafure.  M.  Paris  writes  that  one  Aaron  a  Jew  of  York  told  him,  that  the king,  Henry  III.  had  fqueezed  from  him,  alone,  at  feveral  times,  '(/)  four  marks  of  gold and  four  thoufand  of  filver,  a  vaft  fum  of  money  in  thole  days  ;  and  a  great  inftance  of the  wealth  of  this  merchant  that  could  bear  fuch  extraordinary  drawbacks.  That  they  ftaid here  till  their  final  expulfion,  grew  exceeding  rich,  and  that  they  had  houfes  in  the  city more  like  princes  palaces  than  lubjeds  dwellings,  as  fir  T.  W.  writes,  can  be  owing  to  no¬ thing  but  their  thriving  fo  well  by  trade  in  it. In  Mr.  Maddox' s  book  of  the  exchequer  feveral  records  are  mentioned  where  the  Jews  of York ,  their  wives,  children,  and  lands,  were  feized  on  by  a  precept  directed  to  the  hHi flier  1  ft'  for  negleding  to  pay  their  fhare  to  the  king’s  tallage  ;  in  the  time  of  Richard  I.  king John  and  Henry  III.  the  tallage  for  the  whole  city  fometimes  amounted  to  cccc  marks  in (f)  Eboracum  urbs  ampla  et  metropolis - in- cludit  in  medio  finus  fui  naves  a  Germania  et  Hybernia venientes.  Gul.  Mai  ml',  in  prol.  pent.  Ebor. (g)  Vide  annates  fab  hoc  anno.  M.  Paris.  Daniel’s  hill, of  England. (h)  Thomas  dc  Eurwic  filius  Uliveti  debet  i  fitgat. tit  ft  aldermannus  in  gilda  mtreat.  de  Eurwic.  Rot.  Pipe an.  $•  Stephani  reg, ( i )  Vide  annates  1189,  9°- (It)  Since  the  prefs  palled  over  the  account  of  the maflacre  of  the  Jews  at  York,  I  have  met  with  fome fines  in  the  Pipe-rolls  taken  tor  that  offence. Ric.  MalcbilTe  r.  comp,  de  xx  m.  pro  rehabenda  terra fun  ufque  ad  advent  urn  dom.  regis  que  faifota  fuit  in  manu regis  propter  occifiorum  Judcorum  Ebor,  et  ut  ipfe  et  Wal- terus  dc  Carlton  et  Ric.  de  Kukeneia  armigeri  ejus  ha- beant  patent  regis  ufque  ad  adventum  regis.  Rot.  Pipe 4  R.T. Gives  Ebor.  red.  comp,  de  x  mar.  pro  habendis  obf dibus fuis  qsti  fuerunt  Norhant.  propter  occifionem  Judcorum. Rot.  Pipe  j-  R.  I. Henricus  de  Fifhergata  debet  c  marc,  pro  habenda  part fua  de  inter feclione  Judcorum  Ebor. Rob.  de  Seleby  r.  c.  de  xx  marc,  pro  eodem, Ric.  de  Tanga  r.  c.  de  l mar.  pro  eodem. Tom.  de  Bretegata  deb.  c  s.  pro  eodem. And.  de  Magenebi  r.  c.  de  1  mar.  pro  eodem. Walt,  de  Beilouago  r.  c.  de  x  mar.  pro  eodem. Rot.  Pipe  6  R.  I. (1)  A  mark  of  gold  weighed  eight  ounces;  and  as Cowell  ftates  it  out  of  Stow,  it  came  to  the  value  of xvi/.  xiiir.  ivd.  but  this  is  uncertain.  Selden's  notes  on his  Janus  Ang. thofe ng Chap. VII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. thole  days.  The  fifth  of  Stephen  an  aid  of  lx  pound  was  paid  to  the  king  by  Turgis ,,  el quietus  f,  for  the  city.  The  eighteenth  of  Edward  l,  and  aid  ofcccl  marks  was  paid  by the  citizens  of  York  to  the  fubfidy  raifed  for  that  king’s  expedition  into  Wales,  p.  418, 425,  13' c. The  many  waitings  and  burnings  of  this  antient  city,  both  accidental  anddefigned,  mull have  often  reduced  it  to  a  heap  of  rubbifh  ;  and  probably,  at  this  day  it  would  have  been no  better  a  village  than  Aulborough ,  had  not  its  fituation  on  a  river  capable  of  reftoring it  again  by  trade,  occafioned  a  rife,  as  fudden,  almoft,  as  the  fall  thereof. But  all  this  is  no  more  than  barely  afierting,  the  reader  will  expert  fome  farther  proofs; and  of  which  not  only  our  antient  hiftorians,  but  even  our  parliamentary  records  bear  tefti- mony. That  the  free  and  open  navigation  of  the  river  from  the  Humber  up  to  the  city,  was  a great  encouragement  to  trade,  is  moft  certain.  Free  and  open  it  muft  have  been  antient- ly,  and  a  ftrong  flow  of  tide  run  up  it ;  elfe  fuch  fhips  as  Malmjbury  fpeaks  on,  which then  did  navigate  the  German  and  Irijh  feas,  could  never  get  up  to  unlade  their  burdens, and  lie  in  the  heart  ol  the  city.  In  the  Danifh  invafions,  their  fleets,  fometimes  confilting of  five  or  fix  hundred  fail,  came  very  high  up  the  Oufe ,  before  they  landed.  Anno  1066, a  vaft  fleet  of  fhips,  with  lixty  thoufmd  land  forces  on  board,  came  up  the  Humber  and Oufe  as  fir  as  Rickal ,  where  they  footed  their  velfels  ;  confiding,  as  fome  fay,  of  five  hun¬ dred,  others  a  thoufmd  fhips  or  tr&nfports.  (m)  lngulphus ,  an  antient  and  approved  hifto- rian,  fays  that  the  Dane's  entered  the  Humber  with  their  navy,  and  brought  all  their  fhips up  the  river  Oufe,  almoft  as  far  as  York.  Rickal  the  place  of  their  landing,  mentioned  by feveral  authors,  is  a  village  within  fix  miles  of  the  city.  This  invafion  happened  the  year the  conqueror  came  in ;  and  two  years  after  we  are  told  that  two  hundred  and  forty  tall fhips  came  up  the  Humber  and  Oufe ,  with  an  army  of  DanifJj  foldiers  to  the  aid  and  affiftance of  the  northern  revolters.  , By  thefe  inftances  we  may  learn  what  date,  and  condition  the  flow  of  the  tide  was  up  the river  Oufe  in  thofe  days.  For  allowing  that  thefe  tranfports  were  fhips  of  fmall  burden,  yet the  ftowage  of  fo  many  men,  horfes,  armour  and  other  implements  of  war  in  them,  mud make  them  draw  deep  water,  and  it  may  well  feem  a  thing  impofllble  to  bring  up  fuch  a number  of  fhips  or  tranfports  to  Rickal  at  this  day. That  the  trade  of  the  city  was  proportionably  great  and  met  with  encouragement  from  fuc- ceflive  princes  and  parliaments  we  have  alfb  diffident  evidence.  Anno  reg.  27  Ed.  III.  the ftaplc  Of  UjqdI,  which  had  before  been  kept  at  Bridges  in  Flanders ,  by  ad  of  parliament  was fixed  at  York  ;  and  fome  other  places  in  England.  The  ad  calls  it  the  ftaplc  fo:  tucol  lea* tljcr,  tocolfdls  and  IcaD  ( n ). In  this  king’s  reign,  amongft  other  his  conquefts,  the  important  town  of  Calais  fell  in¬ to  his  hands;  and  in  the  fourteenth  of  his  fucceffor  the  ftaplc  for  the  export  trade  of  the whole  kingdom  was  fixed  at  that  place.  This  was  a  body  corporate  governed  by  a  mayor, two  conftables,  &c.  had  a  common  deal,  and  continued  in  great  affluence  of  trade  and riches,  till  the  town  was  unfortunately  loft  in  the  reign  of  queen  Mary.  That  the  merchants of  York  had  a  confiderable  fhare  in  this  ftaple,  and  were  many  of  them  members  of  this corporation,  appears  in  the  catalogue  of  our  fenators ;  where  anno  144?,  John  Thru/h  a great  merchant,  who  dwelt  in  Hungate  in  this  city,  is  ftyled  mayor  qf  the  ftaplc  of  Calais,  as alfo  freafurour  there.  Anno  1449,  William  Holbeck  mayor  of  York,  is  called  merchant  of this  ftaplc-  And  anno  1466,  fir  Richard  York,  one  of  the  guefts  at  archbifhop  Nevil* s  great feaft,  is  there  called  mayor  of  the  ftaplc  of  Calais  that  year,  and  was  ffieriff  of  this  city  at the  fame  time.  Several  conveyances  I  have  feen,  in  our  own  and  other  records,  of  mer¬ chandizes  and  money  left  by  will,  belonging  to  the  citizens  of  Fork  ;  who  were  merchants ol  this  ftaplc- That  a  woollen  manufadure  was  held  here  to  the  days  of  Henry  VIII.  and  after,  to  the great  advantage  ol  this  city,  appears  by  an  ad  of  parliament  procured  in  that  king’s  reio-n, entitled  the  alfijcof  COberlettS-  The  preamble  of  which  ad,  being  very  expreffive  in  our favour,  I  lhall  beg  leave  to  tranferibe. (0)  Mljercas  the  city  of  York,  being  one  of  the  antienteff  ano  greateff  titties  tuitljpt 1  he  rcaimc  of  England,  before  tfjts  tyme  Ijatlj  been  mayntcyncd  and  upljolDeit  by  others  ano runD’g  ijanoicraftcs  there  ufeo,  ano  moft  principally  hi?  making  and  tocabtng  of  cobcrlcts ano  coverings  fo?.  beds,  and  thereby  a  great  number  of  the  inhabitants  and  people  of  the  faio rity  and  fuburbs  thereof  raid  other  places  toithin  the  county  of  York  hade  been  daily  fet  on lDo:k  in  fpinniug,  dying,  carding,  and  tocahing  of  tl;c  fatd  coherletts,  &c. This  ad  which  contains  a  full  power  for  the  foie  making  and  vending  of  the  faid  com¬ modity  from  York,  continues  ftill  in  force.  But  though  this  branch  of  trade  muft  have  been (m)  H  umbra  in  ingrediuntur,  et  per  Oufe  fluviolinn, fere  ad  Eboracum.  otnnes  puppes  advebuntur.  lngulphus. (n)  Stat.  at  large.  In  the  time  of  ET.  II.  and  H.  III. The  weaveis  of  York  paid  a  very  confiderable  yearly farm  for  their  privileges.  Maddox's  excheq.  p.  233. Ebor.  textores  ibidem  inquif.  ampla  de  forinfecis  textoribus contra  formam  ordinat.  et  concejf.  nuper  per  regem  R.  II. fail,  et  ordinat.  inquif.  a  H.IV.  «.n.  De  textoribus  et tiniior.  Ebor.  ordin.  Clauf  1  Hen.  III.  m.  16.  8cc. ( 0)  Stat.  at  large. N  n  n ■ and' 1 3° The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. and  would  be  ftill  very  beneficial,  I  do  not  believe  that  there  is  one  coverlet  wrought  in the  city  of  Fork,  in  a  twelve  month,  at  this  day. About  ten  years  before  this  lad:  mentioned  a<ft  was  obtained,  the  city  being  jealous  that feveral  encroachments  made  on  the  river  might  in  time  quite  ruin  their  navigation  •,  the lord-mayor,  aldermen  and  common-council  entered  into  a  petition  to  parliament ,  fetting forth,  that  feveral  per  fans  inhabiting  on  the  banks  of  the  river,  had  prefumed  upon  pretended  li¬ berties  to  place  in  the  fame  dive rfe  ftakes,  piles,  fifhgarths,  and  other  engines,  to  the  great damage  and  hindrance  of  the  free  pajfage  and  hindrance  of  many  Ihips,  keyles,  coggs,  and  boats with  goods  and  merchandize  from  the  river  Humber  to  this  city ,  endangering  the  lives  of  the perfons  and  lofs  of  the  veffels  which  come  up.  Greatly  tending  to  the  utter  mpoverijhing  and  de¬ finition  of  the  faid  city ,  witch  heretofore  chiefly  fubffted  by  trade,  and  a  free  pajfage  up  the  faid river,  &c.  (p). This  petition  being  taken  into  confideration,  an  act  palled,  that  the  filh-garths  and  other incumbrances  of  the  river  fhould  be  immediately  pulled  up  and  taken  away.  Commilfio- hers  were  appointed  to  fee  it  done,  with  a  power  to  levy  forty  pounds  a  month  on  any  per¬ fons  who  fuffered  their  works  to  (land  after  the  publication  of  this  act. Here  are  two  or  three  more  remarkables  to  be  taken  notice  of  by  this  aft,  firft  that  the city  did  not  petition  to  have  their  river  made  more  navigable,  but  only  to  takeaway  fome oblb*u6tions  from  it.  By  which  it  is  evident  that  in  thole  days,  the  tides  were  ftrong  e- nough  to  bring  the  veflels  then  ufed  in  trade  up  to  the  city  itfelf.  Next  I  find  the  town  of Hull  was  equally  concerned  with  the  city  of  Fork,  and  had  an  equal  lhare  in  the  commiffion to  fee  the  paflage  made  clear  as  above.  And  this  alfo  fhews  that  though  Hull  has  long  en¬ joyed  a  feparate  intereft,  and  grown  up  from  a  flnall  fijher-town  (q)  to  a  place  of  great  trade and  wealth,  by  the  interception  of  thofe  merchandizes  that  ufed  to  come  on  to  Fork ;  yet formerly  they  had  a  joint  intereft,  and  Hull  was  no  more  than  a  port  convenient  for  fhips to  put  into,  which  were  of  too  great  burthen  to  navigate  the  river  Oufe ,  there  to  unload and  fend  up  the  goods  in  proper  veflels  to  Fork.  Several  agreements  are  on  our  records made  betwixt  the  mayor  and  citizens  of  Fork ,  and  the  mayor  and  burgefles  of  Hull  ;  all of  which,  elpecially  one  as  old  as  1451,  fufficiently  proves  my  aflertion  (r). That  the  tunnageand  cuftoms  of  Hull,  Ravenfer ,  and  fome  other  towns  on  the  Humber , was  farmed  and  paid  by  the  citizens  of  Fork  antiently,  will  appear  by  a  record  of  a  com¬ plaint  made  by  the  city  to  the  king  and  parliament  fourth  of  Edward  III.  again!!  the  inha¬ bitants  of  thofe  towns  for  non-payment  of  thofe  duties.  The  record,  in  jfrcncf),  is  print¬ ed  at  length  in  Ry ley's  placita  parliamentary  ;  p.  646.  and  a  diflringas  was  granted  up¬ on  it. From  the  time  of  obtaining  the  abovefaid  a<ft  of  coverlets  to  the  coming  of  king  James  l . in  his  primary  progrels  from  Scotland,  to  this  city,  being  the  fpace  of  fifty  years,  we  hear no  more  of  our  trade,  though  it  muft  have  been  ebbing  from  us  all  that  time.  The  art of  navigation  and  fhip-building  being  both  enlarged,  trade  was  carried  on  chiefly  where fhips  of  great  burthen  could  get  up.  This  happened  about  the  latter  end  of  queen  Eliza¬ beth'  sdays;  and  that  great  voyages  were  undertaken  before,  in  Ihips  of  fmall  freight,  is evident  from  that  in  which  the  great  fir  Francis  Drake  failed  round  the  world  in  ;  which was  but  a  fhip  of  one  hundred  tonn  burthen,  called  the  Pellican  (s). King  James ,  as  I  faid,  coming  firft  out  ol  Scotland  had  his  eye  upon  Fork ,  as  a  city  very conveniently  placed  betwixt  the  two  kingdoms.  And  it  is  more  than  probable  by  his  lay¬ ing  out  fo  much  money  in  repairing  the  manor ,  or  palace,  at  Fork ,  that  he  intended  to  re- fide  here  very  often.  His  compliment  to  the  lord-mayor  that  he  liked  the  city  fo  well  that he  would  come  and  be  a  burgefs  among  them  ;  and  that  he  defired  to  have  the  river  amended  and made  more  navigable ,  are  words  which  fufficiently  exprels  his  defign.  And  though  Lon¬ don ,  with  the  fouthern  parts  of  the  kingdom,  had  thofe  alurements  which  made  him  alter his  mind;  yet  there  is  no  doubt,  but  that  he  would  have  encouraged  any  propofalfrom  the city  for  amending  their  navigation,  if  the  parliament  had  been  petitioned  for  that  purpofe in  his  time.  Yet  fuch  was  the  fupinenefs,  negligence,  or  rather  ftupidity  of  the  magi- llrates  of  thofe  days,  that  they  fat  ftill  and  faw  their  ftate  every  day  decreafing  without once  offering  to  red  refs  it. It  is  true,  that  in  the  beginning  of  the  reign  of  king  Charles  I.  fir  Robert  Berwick,  then recorder  of  Fork,  in  a  fpeech  made  to  that  king  at  his  entrance  into  the  city,  takes  notice of  the  great  decay  of  trade  then  ;  and  tells  his  majefty  ( t ),  that  though  this  city  was  former¬ ly  enriched  with  trade  and  far  greater  and  more  populous  then  it  now  is ;  yet  of  later  times  trading here  decreafed,  and  that  principally  by  reafon  of  fome  hindrance  in  the  river,  and  the  greatnefs of  fl  ips  now  in  ufe.  For  which,  adds  he,  neverthelefs  this  river  by  your  royal  affiance  might be  made  ferviccable,  and  until  that  be  done  there  is  no  hope  that  this  city  will  attain  its  former Jplendour  and  greatnefs. (f>)  Statutes  at  large. (rj)  [.eland  fays,  that  the  towne  of  Kingfltn  was ’in the  time  of  Edvard  III.  but  a  meane  filchar-towne, end  iongyd  as  a  member  to  Hajfele ,  viliage  a  two  or rhree  mile  upper  on  the  Humber.  Letand’s  itin. (r)  Articles  of  agreement  betwixt  John  Bade  mayor of  Hull  and  Richard  Harter  mayor  of  York.  Regut.  book f.  1  ei  - (s)  Drake's  voyages. (t)  Vide  anr.al.fbbar.no.  1633 or About Cm  a  p.  Vli.  of  the  CITY  «/ YOR  K. About  this  time  the  great  cut  for  draining  the  levels  below  Dcncajkr  was  made.  A  no¬ ble  canal,  and  firft  undertaken  by  one  Cm  -nejins  Vermeydan  a  Dutchman ;  but  afterwards ooinpleated  by  his  executors.  It  is  a  ftrait  channel  of  near  five  miles  in  length,  and  near a  hundred  yards  broad  at  high  water  ;  it  empties  itfelf  into  the  Oufe  at  a  village  called Cod.  This  cat  was  originally  defigned  for  a  drain  to  fuch  lands  in  the  levels,  whofe  wa¬ ter  could  not  any  other  way  be  lb  conveniently  carried  oft'.  But  for  their  own  fafety,  as Well  as  by  a  remonftrance  from  the  city  of  Dork,  they  built  a  lluice  and  flood-gates  at  the mouth  of  it  to  Hop  the  tide  from  taking  that  courle.  In  the  year  1 668,  or  thereabouts, by  a  violent  land  flood,  this  work  blew  up,  and  was  never  fince  repaired,  as  there  are  ftill living  witnefl'es  can  teftify.  The  land  owners  in  thofe  parts  have  been  ever  fince  at  great expence  to  Hem  the  tide  which  flows  impetuoufly  in,  and  daily  undermines  their  works. And  though,  by  direftion  of  the  court  of fewers,  the  mouth  of  this  drain  was  ordered  to be  kept  at  twenty  five  yards  in  breadth  5  yet  it  is  now  increafedto  fifty  yards ;  and  is  ftill increafing  to  the  great  danger  of  the  country,  whofe  lands  for  many  miles  are  fo  many  feet lower  than  the  furface  of  high  water ;  the  tide  riling  here  fifteen  foot  at  each  flow,  that  it threatens  diftrufiion  to  the  whole  country  adjoining. What  detriment  this  has  been  by  the  abforbing  the  tide  which  ufed  to  run  more  freely up  the  river  Oufe,  is  but  too  apparent ;  and  will  be  more  fo  to  our  fucceffors  if  not  pre¬ vented.  This  vaft  canal  to  the  Oufe  is,  comparatively  fpeaking,  what  Dagenham  breach was  to  the  Thames,  and  Irom  a  drain,  as  it  was  originally  defigned,  is  now  turned  into  a free  river,  and  made  the  paffage  for  navigating  into  the  river  Dunn.  But  I  fiiall  go  on with  my  hiftory. During  the  ufurpation,  our  city  had  ihewn  their  loyalty  in  fo  exemplary  a  manner  to king  Charles,  that  they  could  expeft  no  favours  from  iris  murderers ;  though  they  were  re- prefented  in  parliament  by  two  ftiff  fanaticks  fir  Wiliam  Allenfon  and  Thomas  Hoyl.  Anna 1  656,  fir  Thomas  Widdrington,  recorder  of  this  city,  was  chofe  fpeaker  of  the  houi'e  of  com¬ mons.  I  mention  tins,  becaufe,  though  that  gentleman  was  a  per  ion  in  high  truft  at  that time,  and  had  the  city  fo  much  at  heart  as  to  write  a  hiftory  of  it,  yet  I  do  not  find  that he  fifed  his  intereft  at  all  towards  getting  an  aft  for  amending  the  navigation  of  their  river, or  bettering  their  trade.  It  was  this  the  city  juftly  refented,  and  when  fir  Thomas  offered to  dedicate  his  book  to  them,  they  in  their  anfwer  to  his  letter  with  fume  warmth  told him,  that  if  he  had  employed  his  power  in  the  articles  above,  towards  the  relief  of  their prefent  diftreft  condition,  it  would  have  been  of  much  more  advantage  to  the  city,  and  fa- risfaftion  to  them,  than  Ihewing  them  the  grandeur,  wealth  and  honour  of  their  prede- ceffors  i  or  to  that  purpofe.  This  taunt  fir  Thomas  took  fo  ill,  that  he  put  an  entire  Hop to  the  publication  of  his  book  for  it  ;  and  left  a  prohibition  to  his  fucceffors  that  it  fhould never  be  printed.  However,  during  the  rump  adminiftration,  whether  by  fir  Thomas' s  pro¬ curement  or  not  I  know  not,  a  fliort  a£t  was  obtained  for  mending  of  the  river  Oufe,  as  it is  called,  which  was  to  take  place  the  third  of  February  1658,  and  end  on  the  fame  day 1659.  I  have  feen  a  table  of  rates  laid  on  by  the  magiftrates  as  a  tax  on  all  imports  and exports  to  that  purpofe.  But,  as  their  power  was  fo  fhort  lived,  little  good  could  come of  it. During  the  fucceeding  reigns  of  king  Charles  II.  and  king  James,  the  city  Teems  to  have been  wholly  taken  up  with  defending  and  getting  their  charters  renewed  and  enlarged. The  magiftrates  then  in  office  had  forne  way  or  other  fain  grievoufiy  under  the  difplea- fure  of  the  miniftry  in  king  Charles’ s  reign,  which  occafioned  a  writ  of  quo  warranto  againft them,  and  a  feizure  of  the  city’s  liberties,  (Ac.  into  the  king’s  hands,  anno  reg.  C.  II.  36. which  were  rellored  by  his  fucceffor.  Nothing  relating  to  navigation  was  done  all  this time;  nor  till  the  year  1699  ;  when  a  petition  was  fent  up  to  parliament  praying  leave  to bring  in  a  bill  to  make  die  river  Oufe  navigable;  and  a  bill  was  brought  in  accordingly, once  read  and  ordered  a  fecond  reading.  But  an  end  being  put  to  that  leffion  the  bill  was dropt,  and  Hemy  Thcmqfim  efquire  lord-mayor,  dying  foon  after,  who  was  the  chiel  promoter of  that  bill,  it  was  prolecuted  no  farther. But  I  mud  not  forget  to  regifter  a  noble  propofal  that  was  made  to  the  city,  about  the latter  end  of  king  Charles’s  reign,  by  the  then  duke  of  Bolton  ;  commonly,  but  very  er- roneoufiy,  called  the  mad  duke  of  Bolton.  This  nobleman  propofed  to  the  city,  as  I  have heard,  to  get  an  aft  of  parliament  at  his  own  charge,  for  cutting  a  new  river,  or  canal,  from Blacktoft,  on  the  Humber,  in  a  diretft  line  for  Fork.  An  actual  furvey  was  taken,  the  charge of  the  ground  the  cut  was  to  be  made  through  computed ;  which  was  not  very  confider- able;  moors  and  moraffes,  fuch  as  kFallingfen  being  the  moftof  it,  the  whole  diftance  mea- fnring  only  nineteen  miles  and  a  half  from  the  Humber  to  Waterfoulford,  where  it  would firft  enter  the  Oufe.  The  duke  expected  a  fettled  rate  to  be  put  upon  all  goods  and  mer¬ chandize  coming  to  Fork,  and  for  ever  paid  to  him  and  his  heirs,  as  interelt  for  the  almoft immenfe  fum  that  he  fhould  expend  on  this  occafion.  What  broke  off  this  treaty  I  know not,  but  whatever  was  the  reafon  of  it,  it  was  greatly  unfortunate  to  the  cicy for  if  it had  been  done,  fuch  a  flow  of  cide  muft  necefiarily  have  come  up,  that  we  now  Ihould  have had  the  pleafure  of  feeing  lliips  of  two  or  three  hundred  tonns  burthen  lying  at  Oufebridge. That  the  duke  was  in  earneft,  appears  from  a  map  he  caufed  to  be  taker,  of  the  whole  de- Tign, * 7 Toe  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. ficm,  which  he  prefented  to  the  city  ;  end  it  is  now  kept  in  a  tin-cafe  amongfl:  the  records on  Oufebridge.  A  plan  of  this  propofed  cut  may  be  feen  in  the  annexed  print  of  the  river. But  the  credit  of  laying  a  lure  foundation  for  the  regaining  of  our  water  and  trade  was preferved  for  our  own  times ;  and  what  praifes  mud  ever  be  paid  to  the  memory  of  our  prefcrit citizens,  macdftrates  and  their  reprefentatives  in  parliament,  if  the  act  procured  in  the  twelfth of  king  George  I,  effectually  rertores  us  thole  valuable  blefiings.  It  is  true  we  have  mur- murers  amonglt  us,  that  do  not  flick  eo  fay,  that  by  it  we  have  loaded  ourfelves  with  new and  unnecefiarv  taxes ;  that  we  have  more  water  than  trade  already  ;  that  every  branch  of trade  that  ever  was,  or  ever  could  be  expeCted  to  be  fettled  at  York,  is  irrecoverably  loft, and  fixed  in  other  places.  To  this  it  is  anfwered,  that  the  import  on  goods  and  mer¬ chandize,  coming  up  the  river  is  fo  light,  that  it  is  lcarce  felt  by  the  inhabitants  ;  and  yet produces  a  fund  diffident,  in  time,  to  compleat  the  delign.  That,  when  we  have  more Water,  more  trade  will  certainly  follow  it ;  for  as  our  fituation  is  not  changed,  fo  when  the navigation  of  the  river  is  always  open,  the  cheapnefs  of  the  country  will  undoubtedly  invite traders  in  moft  matters  to  refide  here  as  formerly. I  fhall  not  take  upon  me  to  give  the  particulars  of  this  late  a£V,  the  aCt  nick  being  ea- fily  come  at  •,  but,  by  it  is  given  a  full  power  to  make  what  cuts  we  pleafe  crofs  the  land from  the  Humber  to  York  •,  in  order  to  finorten  the  dirtance,  and  gain  more  tide.  The  me¬ thod  to  go  upon  to  avoid  an  exceflive  charge,  and  yet  bring  water  enough  that  vefiels.  which draw,  at  lead,  five  foot,  might  pafs  to  and  from  the  city  in  the  dried  feafons,  and  at  the lowed  neap  tides,  was  taken  into  confideration.  Mr.  Perry ,  that  rtopped  up  Dagenham breach,  and  was  afterwards  employed  by  the  late  Czar ,  in  feveral  extraordinary  undertakings of  this  kind,  was  fent  for.  That  gentleman,  upon  a  furvey  of  the  river,  gave  his  opinion, that  paces  and  floodgates,  made  and  fet  at  proper  didances,  was  the  mod  likely  method  to overcome  the  (hallows,  and  navigate  the  Ouje  to  York.  This  was  not  approved  on  ;  but Mr.  Palmer’s  fcheme,  an  engineer  of  our  own  growth,  as  I  may  call  him,  was  thought  more ftafible.  This  was  by  contracting  the  river  in  filch  places  as  required  it,  that  is  by  obliging it,  at  low  water,  to  run  into  a  channel  of  ninety  foot  broad,  which  was  More  above  two hundred.  By  this  contrafting  of  it,  ’twas  hoped  that  the  river  itfelf  in  time  would  wear  a deeper  channel  •,  the  bottom  being  a  moveable  land,  where  i*  was  ftrll  tried,  viz.  at  Wali¬ ng;  which  in  forne  part  has  anfwered  there,  though  not  fo  fully  in  the  fhal lows  nearer home.  The  bed  of  the  river  near  the  city  being  found  to  be  com po fed  ot  rubbifh,  broken bricks  and  tiles,  which  have  been  thrown  into  it,  perhaps  for  feme  ages  pad,  and  formed a  bottom  fo  hard  as  not  to  be  removed  by  thofe  means. But  all  this  affair  of  contracting  fee  ms  to  tend  to  little  purpofe,  for  unlefs  luch  cuts  are made  as  will  bring  us  better  tides,  we  cannot  without  dams  expeCl  a  condant  navigation lip  to  York.  I  mean  fuch  dams  as  were  propofed  by  Mr.  Perry  to  be  made  below  the  city. Whoever  takes  a  view  of  the  map  of  the  river  Ouje,  which  I  have  caufed  to  be  drawn, mud  obferve  a  great  many  angles  in  its  courfe,  all,  or  fome  of  which  cut  off,  mud,  by making  the  dirtance  neafef,-  bring  up  a  dronger  flow  of  tide  to  the  city.  That  this  may be  better  comprehended  I  fubjoin  the  following  table. Cuts  at  feveral  places. From  Saltmarfh  to  Skelton  —  — Over  the  fand  at  Ayre’ s  mouth  — The  old  courfe  of  Oufe  —  — At  Wheel-hall  —  —  — From  Kelfield-clough  to  four  hundred' yards  above  Wherf  mouth  — ■ Their  length. Tunis. 2000 440 300 450 I  I  20 Vrefcnt  courfe. Yards. 8800 I42O 484O 1760 3520 Dijferene  faved. Yards. 6800 880 4540 I31O 24OO 43 10 20240 1593° Miles.  Yanis. 2  790 Miles.  Yards. I  I  880 Miles.  Yards. 9  9° The  didance  from  Cazvood  to  2'ork  by  water  is  fomewhat  more  than  nine  miles,  where  the tide  ufually  rifes  fix  or  feven  foot ;  then  it  is  plain,  by  this  table,  that  it  thele  cuts  were made,  that  we  fhould  have  at  York  near  as  good  tides  as  they  now  have  at  Cavooocd  ■,  be- fides  the  advantage  of  taking  in  great  part  of  that  tide  which  runs  up  the  Dutch  cut. The  adt  which  empowers  the  citizens  of  York  to  make  thefe  neceffary  preparations  tor bettering  their  navigation,  was  obtained  at  the  expence  Of  Edzvard  Tbompjon  efquirc,  one of  their  reprefentatives  in  parliament.  And  a  late  amendment  of  it  was  got,  wherein  the the  duties  are  better  regulated,  at  the  expence  of  the  city.  In  periuance  of  this  benefit  is expended  already  four  or  five  thouland  pound  in  draitning  the  river,  without  making  one cut-,  though  now  It  is  faid  that  affair  is  warmly  talked  on. Before  I  difmifs  this  head,  I  mud  beg  leave  to  take  notice  that  was  the  navigation  made compleat  up  to  York,  it  would  be  further  neceffary,  and  it  would  befides  be  an  .infinite  ad¬ vantage  both  to  city  and  country,  if  the  rivers  were  made  navigable  up  the  Hid,  as  high. .  °  7  as Chap.  VII.  of  tkeClTY  of  YORK. as  it  could  be  carried,  up  the  Swale  to  Mor  ton-bridge,  and  up  the  Eure  to  Ripon ,  and  higher. A  I'm  all  expence  would  execute  this  affair-,  and  whoever  takes  a  view  of  the  map  of  the 'vale  of  York,  and  knows  the  richnefs  of  the  country  into  which  thefe  rivers  extend,  will ealily  guefs  at  the  advantage.  Lead  in  abundance,  flax,  butter,,  cheefe,  hams,  tallow,  hofle for  the  army,  timber  for  the  navy ,  &c.  would  come  down  in  great  plenty;  and  be  exchanged here  for  what  commodities  they  are  really  in  want  of  in  thole  .parts. To  conclude,  I  would  not  have  our  prefent  citizens  difpair  of  feeing  a  revival  of  trade m  York-,  what  has  been  may  be  again.  We  are  not  without  indances.of  many  families* yet  in  being,  who  mult  deduce  their  prefent  fulnefs  from  this  lource.  Whoever  will  look back  into  our  catalogue  of  fenators,  andeonfider  the  names  of  them  for  about  an  age  lad palt,  will  find  that  many  of  them  raifed  eftates  by  trade  -,  Tome  to  fo  great  a  bulk  as  to give  place  to  very  few  London  merchants.  The  country  within  a  few  miles  round  us  gives prool  of  this ;  nor  need  I  do  more  than  mention  the  names  of  Agar, ; Robinfon ,  Brearey , Belt,  Croft,  Hewley,  Allenfon,  Jaquesot  Elvington,  Brook  of  Ellenthorp ,  Metcalf  and  Thomp- flon  to  confirm  it. I  come  next  to  confider  the  Hate  of  the  city,  in  regard  to  its  number  of  inhabitants, both  antiently  and  now  -,  their  manufaftures,  method  of  living,  price  of  provifions, I  lhall  not  take  upon  me  to  carry  the  reader  fo  fir  back  as  the  Saxon  Heptarchy under which  our  city  was  the  capital  of  the  Northumbrian  kingdom,  by  far  the  larged  didrict  of them  all.  Nor  do  I  pretend  to  give  the  date  and  number  of  its  inhabitants  in  thole  days, which  mud  have  been  very  con  fide  rable  both  lor  number  and  quality,  in  a  place  where  the regal  power  always  prefided.  If  the  (u )  quotation  in  Lc land's  collectanea  may  be  depended  on, this  city  was  much  too  drait  for  its  inhabitants  in  the  times  before  the  conqued  when  he -fays  that  the.  fuburbs  were  fo  large  as  to  extend  to  the  villages  a  mile  round  it.  Whatever  it was  then,  it  is  certain  the  blow  it  received  from  the  conqueror  crufficd  it  extreamly;  nor has  it  ever  fince  raifed  its  head  (x)  to  the  port  it  bore  before  that  thorough  devadation.  A general  dedru&ion  mud  have  fallen  on  the  red  of  the  inhabitants  when  the  prieds  them- lelves  were  not  fpared  ;  for  we  are  told  that  Thomas ,  made  archbifhop'  by  William,  at  his coming  down  to  his  fee  found  his  clergy  fo  fcattered,  that  few  or  none  could  be  got  to  per¬ form  the  facred  fervice  in  the  cathedral.  We  find,  however,  in  the  fpace  of  about  fifteen years  after  this,  that  our  defolated  city  had  begun  to  creep  once  more  out  of  its  rubbifh, and  make  a  tolerable  figure.  In  the  book  called  SDmmstia?,  or  the  general  furvey  of  En¬ gland,  which  was  begun  to  be  taken  in  the  fixteenth  of  the  conqueror,  and  finifhed,  as  the book  itfelf  tedifies,  in  the  twentieth,  we  have  this  account  of  the  date  of  York  in  thole  days  ; which  I  tranffate  in  part  as  follows. In  the  city  of  York  in  the  time  of  kitg.  Edward  the  confeffor ,  beftdes  the fhire  of  the  archbifljop, were  fix  Jhires  (y)  ;  one  of  thefe  is  wafted  in  caftles. In  the  five  fhires  were  one  thoufand  four  hundred  and  eighteen  dwelling  houfes.  The  archbi- fhop  has  yet  a  third  part  of  one  of  thefe  fhires.  In  thefe  no  other  perfon  hath  cuflom  but  the  citi¬ zens,  except  Marlefwain  in  one  houfe  which  is  beneath  the  caflle,  and  the  canons  where  they  in¬ habit,  and  except  the  four  judges,  to  whom  the  king  hath  given  this  gift  by  patent  for  the  term  of their  lives. But  the  archbifhop  in  his  own  fhire  has  all manner  of  cuflom. Of  all  the  aforefaid  houfes  are  now  inhabited,  in  the  hands  of  the  king  paying  cufloih,  four hundred  and  nine  great  and  finall ;  and  four  hundred  houfes  not  inhabited  which  pay,  the  better fort,  one  penny,  the  others  lefts-,  and  five  hundred  and  forty  five  fo  defolate  that  they  pay  nothing and  a  hundred  and  forty  five  which  the  (z)  French  inhabit. St.  Cuthbert  has  one  houfe,  which  he  has  always  had,  as  many  fay,  free  from  all  euflom  but toe  citizens  fay  that  it  was  not  fo  in  the  time  of  king  Edward,  but  as  one  of  their  houfes,  except when  the  provoft  had  his  habitation  there  with  his  canons,  &c. The  earl  of  Mo  re  ton  hath  here  fixteen  houfes,  and  two  flails  in  the  fhambles,  with  the  church of  St.  Crux. Nigellus  de  Moneville  hath  one  houfe,  belonging  to  a  certain  mint-mader. In  the  fhire  of  the  archbifhop ,  in  the  time  of  king  Edward,  were  two  hundred  dwelling houfes  7iow  about  one  hundred  are  inhabited  great  and  finall ,  beftdes  the  archbifhop' s  palace and  the  canons  houfes.  In  this  (hire  the  archbifhop  hath  the  fame  power  which  the  king  hath  in his  Jhires. In  the  geld  of  the  city  are  fourfeore  and  four  carucats  of  land,  each  of  which  is  gsldable  as  much as  one  houfe  in  the  city,  and  in  the  works  of  the  king  they  are  as  with  the  citizens,  &c. The  earl  hath  nothing  in  the  church  manors,  nor  the  king  in  the  manors  of  the  earl,  beftdes  what belongs  to  chriflianily  which  is  under  the  archbifljop. In  all  the  lands  belonging  to  St.  Peter  of  York,  St.  John  ,  St.  Cuthbert,  St.  Wilfrid  and St.  Trinity**,  neither  the  king,  nor  the  earl,  nor  any  other  perfon  hath  any  cuflom .  The  kirg (u  1  Conftm's  fam.i  eft  aliquot  •villas  ejfe  uno  ab  F.boraco miliaria ,  ubi  ante  temfora  Gulielmi  Nothi  termini  erant ftlbiirL'jnartim  ae.'tium.  LelaTul.  coll,  v,  4.  p  3 6. (x)  Vide  an.fttb  an.  to 66. 0)  Shire  from  Scyjwn,  Sax.  to  divide  This  ab- ftraift  is  printed  in  Latin  inter  xv  feript .  hift.  Ang.  eJ Gale.  But  the  whole  abftrift  from  this  grand  lecord, relating  to  York  and  the  places  adjacent,  may  be  fecn  in the  appendix. (x.)  Francigene.  viJ.  ext.  ab  or:<r.  in  afpmdice. O  o  o  has 4 4  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. Peace  g  reen  under  the  king’s  hand ,  or  his  fignet ,  if  it  be  broken ,  amend  is  made  to  the  king  by xii  hundreds ,  each  hundred  viii  1. Peace  by  the  earl  given  and  broken  by  any  one ,  amend  is  made  to  the  earl  by  vi  hundreds , each  viii  1. If  any  perfon  be  exiled  according  to  law  none  but  the  king  can  pardon  him.  But  if  the  ear!  or high  fheriff  banijh  any  one ,  they  may  recal  him  and  pardon  him  if  they  pleafe. Only  thofe  Thanes  pay  relief  for  their  lands  to  the  king  who  are  'pofjeffed  of  more  than  fix  man - nors.  The  relief  is  viii  ]. But  if  he  hath  only  fix  manors ,  or  lefs ,  he  pays  to  the  earl  for  relief  four  marks  of  fiver. The  citizens  of  York  pay  no  relief By  this  account  the  reader  may  obferve,  that  before  the  conqueft,  in  the  time  of  Edward the  confefior,  this  city  was  divided  into  feven  fhires  or  divifions  •,  in  five  of  which  are  faid to  be  one  thouiand  four  hundred  and  eighteen  manfion  houfes  inhabited.  In  the  fhireof  the archbifhop  were  two  hundred  more.  And  for  that  fhire  which  was  wafted  for  the  caftles,  it we  fuppofc  as  many  houfes  to  have  ftood  in  it  as  to  makeup  all  two  thoufand,  we  may  make a.  tolerable  guefs  at  the  number  of  inhabitants  in  thofe  days.  For  allowing,  ns  fir  iVilliain Petty  (b)  computes,  five  perfons  to  one  houfe,  and  ten  thoufand  will  appear  to  have  dwelt ■within  the  walls  of  the  city  at  that  time.  And  if  we,  alfo,  allow  the  fuburbs  to  have  been of  the  extent  that  Leland  mentions,  we  may  reafonably  fuppofe  above  as  many  more  inha¬ bitants  to  have  refided  in  them.  The  great  defolation  that  the  conqueror  brought  upon our  city  is,  however,  very  remarkable  by  this,  for  of  two  thoufand  inhabited  houles  in  it before  his  time,  there  were,  when  this  furvey  was  taken,  only  fix  hundred  and  fifty  ;  one hundred  and  forty  five  of  which  are  laid  to  be  inhabited  by  a  colony  of  French ,  which  the Norman  had  probably  planted  in  the  houfes  of  the  Englifh  he  had  deftroyed.  The  reft  or this  grand  record  being  too  copious  for  this  chapter,  I  fhall  beg  leave  to  place  it  all  together in  the  appendix.  A  curiofity  of  that  exadtnefs,  that  value  and  authenticknefs,  that  not  a word  of  it  can,  or  ought  to  be,  omitted  in  this  work. It  was  not  long  after  this  that  our  city  muft  have  recovered  a  great  fhare  of  its  former popularity,  for  if  we  may  be  allowed  to  guefs  at  the  number  of  the  inhabitants  by  the  num¬ ber  of  parifh  churches,  hiftory  informs  us,  that  anno  1 147,  in  king  Stephen’s  time,  a  dread¬ ful  fire  confumed  thirty  nine  of  them,  befides  the  cathedral  and  other  religious  houfes  in  the city.  The  number  of  inhabitants  muft  be  proportionably  great,  nor  do  we  want  another dreadful  teftimony  of  it,  if  our  chronicles  fpeak  true,  when  they  tell  us  that  in  the  reign  of Richard  II.  anno  1390,  a  raging  peftilence,  which  then  over-ran  the  kingdom,  fwept  out of  the  city  of  York  only,  eleven  thoufand  perfons. Since  the  number  of  parifh  churches  muft  be  allowed  to  be  an  undeniable  inftance  of  the populoulhefs  of  any  city  or  town,  I  think  it  neceffary  to  give  the  reader  a  general  view  of all  that  I  could  ever  find  to  have  ftood  in  the  city  of  York.  In  which  lift  I  fhall  put  down the  yearly  value  of  thirty  nine  of  them,  as  they  were  given  in  upon  oath  to  the  king’s  com- miifioners,  for  levying  a  fubfidy  granted  by  parliament  of  two  fhillingsp^r  pound  on  all  fpi- rituals  and  temporals  in  the  realm,  temp.  Hen.  V.  for  carrying  on  the  French  war.  To  thefe I  fhall  fubjoin  a  lift  of  all  the  chapels,  hofpitals,  maifon-dieus ,  &c.  and  conclude  widi  the abbies,  monafteries  and  other  religious  houfes  •,  which  when  all  were  ftanding  muft  have made  a  great  glare  in  this  city.  Nor  can  it  be  denied  that  our  fore-fathers  had  much  more piety  than  their  fuccefiors,  unlefs  it  be  proved  that  there  is  as  much  religion  in  pulling  down churches,  as  ere&ing  of  them. A  general  UJl  of  all  the  PA  RIS  H  C IIU  RC  H  ES  that  were  ftanding  in  the  city  and  fuburb  ■ of  York  in  the  time  of  Henry  the  fifth ,  with  their  yearly  value  (c). 1 .  Allhallows  in  the  Pavement ,  valet  per  an. 2.  Allhallows  near  Fifhergate  - 3.  Allhallows  in  North-ftreel  — 4.  Allhallows  in  Peafebolm  — 5.  St.  Andrew’s  —  — 6.  St.  Clement’s  in  Fofs-gate  —  - (a)  Sir  T.  IV.  fuppofes  this  to  be  Lenelall,  but  I  rake  it to  be  the  whole  courfe  of  the  river.  The  other  high roads  mentioned,  muft  be  the  old  Romm  roads,  or  ftreets, leading  to  the  city. (b)  Political  aritbmetick. (c)  Ex  regiflro  in  Cam.  fup.  pontem  Up. Some  of  thefe,  if  they  were  given  in  at  full  value, rrav  be  faid  t©  be  very  fma!i  [Upends  for  parochial  priefts ; but  the  chantries  made  them  amends,  as  well  a?  feveral other  benefactions  not  known  in  our  days.  Yet  it  is  to be  noted  that  according  to  the  value  of  money  then  and now,  as  the  author  of  the  Chronicon  Pretiofum  remarks that  five  pound  in  Henry  the  lixth’s  days  was  equal  -to and  would  have  bought  as  many  neceflarics  of  life  as thirty  pound  will  do  now,  it  alters  the  cafe,  and  makes fomc  of  thefe  livings  very  confiderable. 7.  Sc Chap.  VII. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. i  j.  A VIII vii 7.  St.  Cuthbert' s  in  Peafeholm  —  —  —  — 8.  St.  Cn/tf,  or  Holy-crofs  —  —  _  _ 9.  C6/7/?  Church ,  alias  St.  Trinity's  —  •  - - -  — . 10.  St.  Dyonis  —  — 11.  St.  Hellen  on  the  Wall  —  —  —  —  —  — 12.  St.  Hellen  out  of  Fijher-gate  — .  — -  —  - 13.  St.  Hellen  in  Stone-gate  —  ■ —  =  — 14.  St.  Edward  —  —  —  - —  __  .  __ 15.  St.  Gregory's  —  — ■  _  _  ^ 1 6.  S.  Giles. 1 7.  St.  George  at  Bean-hills  ^  ~ 1 8.  St.  George  in  Fijher-gate. 19.  St.  John  de  la  Fyke  —  _  — :  _  — . •20.  St.  John  in  Hungate 2 1 .  St.  John  Evangelift  at  Oufe-bridge  end  —  _  _ 22.  St.  Laurence  _ .  —  —  —  _ , 23.  St.  Mary  without  Latborp  poftern  — - -  — 24.  St.  Mary  Bijhop-hill ,  fen.  —  —  _  — 25.  St.  Mary  Biffoop-hill ,  jun,  -  —  —  . — ;  — 26.  St.  Mary  in  Cajlle-gate  —  _ —  _ — 27.  St.  Margaret's  -  -  __  . — 28.  St.  Martin  in  Micklegate  —  —  _  _ _ 29.  St.  Martin  in  Conyng-ftreet  — 30.  St.  Maurice  —  — 31.  St.  Michael  de  Belfray  — 32.  St.  Michael  in  Spurrier-gate  -■■■■ 33.  St.  Nicholas  by  Micklegate -bar 34.  St.  Nicholas  without  IV aim-gate 35.  St.  Olave  in  Mary-gate  - - 36.  St.  Peter  in  the  Willows  ■  • 37.  St.  P<r/tr  the- little  — . 38.  St.  Saviour's  ■ —  — 39.  St.  Sampfon' s  -  — 40.  St.  Trinity's ,  Gothram-gate  — - .  — - .  iv  xiii  iv 41.  St.IVUfrid's ,  Blake-Jlreet  — •  .  v To  thefe  may  be  added, *  St.  Benedict  in  §0aftlC&^OOl,  St.  Stephen ,  a  church  mentioned  in  Dug.  Mon.  Ang.  vol.  J, ]).  385.  S.  Bridget,  Mon.  Ang.  vol.  I.  p.  564.  faid  to  be  in  Spucclcgata.  St.  Michael,  extra Walmgate.  Mr.  Torre. VIII ix VII viii viii CHAPELS  before  the  dijfolution  of  them,  temp.  Hen.  VIII.  in  the  city  and  fuburbs, 1.  (d)  St.  Ann's  at  Fofs-bridge. 2.  St.  Ann's  at  Horfe-fair. 3.  St.  Trinity's  in  the  Bedern. 4.  St.  Chriflopher' s. 3.  St.  Chriflopher' s  at  the  Guild-hall. 6.  St.  Catherine's  in  Haver-lane. 7.  Bilhop’s  chapel  in  the  fields  near  Clementhorp 4 8.  St.  George's  chapel,  betwixt  Fofs  and  Oufe. 9.  St.  James's  without  Micklegate. 10.  St.  Mary's  chapel  in  St.  Mary's  abbey. 11.  St.  Mary's  chapel  at  the  White  fryars. 12.  St.  Mary's  chapel  in  St.  Mary-gate. 1 3.  St.  Mary  Magdalene's  near  Burton-flone. 14.  St.  Stephen  in  the  Minfler. 15.  St.  Sepulchre's  near  the  Minfler. 1 6.  St.  Trinity's  chapel  at  the  Merchant' s-hall. iy.  St.  William's  chapel  on  Oufe-bridge. HO S P1TALS,  &c.  before  the  reformation. j.  The  hofpital  of  our  Lady,  Horfe-fair. 2.  The  hofpital  of  St.John  and  our  Lady  in  Fofs-gate. *  The  vacant  place  where  this  church  once  flood,  Thefe  being  all  chantry  chapels  fell  at  the  fupprefllon, butted  and  bounded,  was  granted  to  IV.  archbifhop  by  and  are  all  extindt  except  two,  one  belonging  to  the  vi¬ king  E  1 II,  tor  the  ufe  of  the  vicars  choral.  Sec  the  appen.  cars  choral  in  the  BetiJern ;  and  the  chapel  at  Merchant's (J)  Ex  Ms .  hall  Hill  kept  up  by  that  company. 3.  The z$6 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. 3.  The  hofpital  of  St.  Leonard ;  now  the  Mint-yard . 4.  The  hofpital  of  St.  Anthony  in  Peafebolm. 5.  The  hofpital  of  St.  Nicholas,  without  Walm-gate. 6.  The  hofpital  of  St.  Thomas  without  Micklegate-bar. 7.  The  hofpital  belonging  to  the  Merchant’ s-ball. 8.  The  hofpital  of  St.  Catharine  befides  St.  Nicholas  church. 9.  The  hofpital  or  Maifon  Lieu  of  the  Shoe-makers  near  IValmgat e-bar . 10.  The  hofpital  or  Maifon  Lieu  on  Oufe-bridge. 11.  The  hofpital  or  Maifon-Lteu  at  the  Taylor’ s-hall. 12.  The  fpital  of  St.  Loy  at  Monk-bridge  end. 13.  The  fpital  of  St.  Catharine  without  Micklegate-bar. 14.  The  fpital  of  in  Fijher-gate  befides  St.  Helens. 1 5.  The  houfe  of  St.  Anthony  in  Peafe-holm. 1 6.  The  houfe  of  St.  Anthony  in  Gilly-gate. A B BETS,  PRIORIES,  MONASTERIES  and  other  RELIGIOUS  HOUSES formerly  in  York. 1.  The  abbey  of  St.  Mary’s.  Black-fryars,  or  BenediElines. 2.  The  abbey,  or  monaftery,  ot  St.  Augufine.  Aujlin-fryars. 3.  The  abbey,  or  monaftery,  of  the  Francifcans,  or  fry ars  minors.  Grey  fry ars. 4.  The  priory  of  the  holy  Trinity.  BenediElines. 5.  The  monaftery  of -the  fryars  Carmelites.  White-fryars. 6.  The  college  of  St.  William. 7.  The  priory  of  St.  Andrew.  Gilbertines. 8.  The  monaftery  of  nuns  at  Clementhorp.  Benediftines. 9.  The  monaftery  of  the  fryars  preachers,  Lominicans. Whoever  confiders  the  foregoing  catalogue,  muft  allow  our  city  to  have  been  as  remarka¬ ble  for  churches  and  houfes  of  religion  formerly  as  moft  in  the  kingdom.  I  lhall  be  more particular  about  them  when  I  come  to  the  places  where  they  once  Hood.  It  cannot  be  de¬ nied  that  after  the  difiolution  of  the  religious  houfes  here,  as  well  as  in  other  places,  by  king Henry  VIII.  with  the  chantries,  chapels,  hofpitalsand  other  houfes  for  the  fuftenance  of  the poor,  that  this  famous  and  then  flourilhing  City  did  not  receive  a  terrible  Ihock  by  the  tear¬ ing  up  of  thofe  foundations.  Notwithftanding  the  politick  inftitution  of  the  new  council  e- redted  for  the  northern  parts,  which  was  in  fome  meafure  defigned  to  put  a  ftop  to  a  depo¬ pulation  then  really  expedted  to  be  the  confequence.  I  know  I  lhall  be  cenfured  as  arguing like  a  downright  papift  in  this,  but  fince  it  is  matter  of  fadt  I  value  not  the  imputation ;  for king  Henry  was  fcarce  cold  in  his  grave  when  this  became  but  too  remarkable.  Of  forty two  parilh  churches,  three  or  four  famous  abbeys,  two  priories,  a  nunnery,  and  a  religious college,  with  feventeen  private  chapels,  and  eighteen  hofpitals,  which  had  reigned  here  in great  plenty  and  abundance  for  fome  ages,  there  was  not  fo  much  left,  in  thefe  depreda¬ tions,  as  to  fuftain  and  keep  up  little  more  than  half  the  number  of  parifli  churches,  two  or three  of  the  hofpitals,  and  a  chapel  or  two  at  moft.  Dr.  Heylin(e)  lays,  “  Monafteries  and “  religious  houfes  may  be  reckoned  as  fo  many  excrefcences  upon  the  body  of  the  church; “  exempt,  for  the  moft  part,  from  the  epifcopal  jurifdidtion,  wholly  depending  on  the “  pope,  and  fuch  as  might  be  taken  away  without  any  derogation  to  the  church’s  power “or  patrimony.  That  bifhops  being  more  effential  to  the  conftitution  of  the  lame, “  Henry  VIII.  encreafed  their  number  ;  the  wealthier  monafteries  he  turned  into  epifcopal “  fees.  Where  he  found  a  prior  and  convent  he  changed  it  into  a  corporation  of  fecular “  priefts,  confifting  of  a  dean  and  prebendaries  ;  and  to  every  new  epifcopal  fee  he  added “  a  dean  and  chapter,  and  to  every  fuch  cathedral  a  competent  number  of  choir  men  and “  other  offices  all  liberally  endowed  and  provided  for.  ”  This  account  indeed  carries the  face  ot  a  real  reformation  along  with  it ;  but  whatever  was  done  in  this  method  in  the reft  of  the  kingdom,  we  have  no  inftances  at  Fork  to  verify  the  dodbor’s  afiertion  •,  for  no fooner  was  the  word  given  here,  fic  volo  fie  jubeo ,  but  down  fell  the  monafteries,  the  hofpitals, chapels  and  priories  in  this  city,  and  with  them,  for  company,  I  luppofe,  fell  eighteen  pa¬ rilh  churches;  the  materials  and  revenues  of  all  converted  to  fecular  ufes.  It  is  Ihocking to  think  how  far  thefe  depredations  were  carried,  for  not  content  with  what  they  could  find above  ground,  they  dug  open  vaults  and  graves,  in  fearch  for  imaginary  treafure  ;  tofs’d the  bones  out  of  ftone  coffins,  and  made  ule  of  them  for  hog-troughs,  whilft  the  tops  went to  the  covering  of  fome  old  wall ;  of  which  many  a  one  about  this  city  does  yet  bear  tefti- mony.  A  piece  of  fuch  inhumanity  as  I  believe  the  moft  favage  nation  in  the  world  would not  have  been  guilty  on.  For  the  lucre  of  half  a  pound  of  brafs  they  would  deface  the moft  memorable  infeription.  And  carried  their  zeal  fo  far  againft  jnafs-books ,  rituals,  mif- fals  and  the  like,  that  with  them  were  deftroyed  many  of  our  ancient  englifj  hiforians.  In Jhort,  we  Ihould  not  have  had  one  of  thofe  venerable  remains  of  our  forefather’s  adtions, ( c)  Hr  lilt's  hiftory  of  the  reformation. perhaps. Chap.  VII. of  the  Cl  TY  of  YORK. p.-rliaps,  at  this  d.iy  left  us,  if  an  aft  of  parliament  in  the  beginning  of  Queen  Eiizabtib hat!  not  put  a  flop  to  thefe  violent  proceedings. .  In  this  manner  was  the  Reformation  carried  on  in  the  north  of  England ;  wherein  the  power given  was  abufed  in  i'uch  fort,  that  it  is  a  fhame  to  think,  that  our  moft  excellent  church fhould  have  its  origine  deduced,  cir  its  reftauration  take  date,  from  fuch  execrable  times What  an  alteration  was  made  in  the  face  of  things  at  Turk,  may  be  gueffed  by  the  number  of fine  buildings  which  then  lay  in  ruin  ;  but  that  was  not  the  greateft  evil,  for  by  turning  our, the  lazars,  fick  and  old  people  Out  Of  hospitals,  priefts  and  nuns  out  of  religious  houfes,  to flarve  or  beg  their  bread,  the  number  of  poor  and  helplefs  objefts  mufl  have  multiplied  ex¬ ceedingly  in  the  city,  and  made  their  cafe  very  deplorable.  That  this  Reformation  went  fo far  here  as,  almoft,  to  put  a  ftbp  to  all  religion  ;  that  trade  and  merchandize  fufler’d  ex- treamly  by  it;  that  the  city  and  fuburbs  were,  in  a  manner,  depopulated;  needs  no  other confirmation  than  that  of  a  preamble  of  an  add  of  parliament  which  was  obtained  for  the  re¬ lief  of  the  inhabitants  in  the  very  firft  year  of  king  Edward  the  fixth.  Which  undeniable authority  being  an  evident  proof  of  what  I  have  before  aflerted,  I  fhall  beg  leave  to  <nve  in its  own  words  as  follows : (f)  ECUjcrcns  ill  H)c  ancient  «fy  of  York,  nfiD  In  limbs  of  fljc  fame,  arc  many  parafj cburrtjcs,  ttifjicl)  bcretofoie,  Ujc  fame  being  luell  inbabitco,  aim  rrplcnifljco  mill)  people,  mere g;oD  ano  Ijoncft  linings  for  IcarncD  incumbents,  by  reafon  of  tljc  piiby  tittjes  of  «jc  ric’b  mcr< cl;ants,  anb  of  tbc  offerings  of  a  multituDe,  toljicl)  likings  be  nolu  fo  murlj  Deraycn  bo  flic ruin  ano  Decay  of  tljc  faio  city,  aim  of  tljc  traoc  of  mcrcljanoife  tljere,  tljat  tbc  rebciiucs  ano pioff.to  of  cibcrfc  of  tljc  fame  benefices  are  at  cljis  prefent  not  abobc  tljc  clear  yearlr  baluc  of fir  mm  ttoenty  (billings  ano  right  pence,  foe  ffjat  a  great  foot  of  tfirm  are  not  a  competent aim  fionelf  firing  foi  a  gam  curate,  yea  aim  no  perfon  mill  take  tijc  cure,  but  cf  neceflity  as fomc  efiauntry  pticff  oj  els  fomc  late  religious  perfon  being  a  ttipenoary,  taken  aim  affointcD to  tfie  ram  cure  aim  benefice,  liijicb  fo:  (fie  moft  part  arc  imlcarneo  aim  bery  ignorant  perfous not  able  to  Doc  any  part  of  theft  Dutps.  ffiy  reafon  toljcreof  tljc  f.uD  city  is  not  only  rcplc; nifljcD  luitfi  bluiD  guises  a  no  pallors,  as  alfcc  tbc  people  mud)  kept  In  ignorance  as  lucll  of tljeic  Dutys  toluaros  <EoD  as  alfcc  totoarus  tljc  king's  majetty  aim  commontocaltb  of  ibis realm,  aim  to  tbc  great  Banger  of  tfjcir  fouls Bin  ronfiDcration  Uibcrcof,  aim  fo:  tbc  better  relief  aim  o;ocr  of  tbc  faiD  city,  &c. 1  he  whole  act  is  too  long  to  infert  here,  and  though  molt  of  the  churches  were  pulled down,  according  to  the  tenure  of  it,  yet  the  ftatute  was  not  put  in  full  execution  till  the twenty  eighth  of  Elizabeth  ;  when  the  lord  archbifhop,  as  ordinary,  the  lord-mayor  and fix  aldermen,  as  juftices,  met  by  virtue  of  this  ftatute,  and’  agreed  that  thefe  parilhes  fol¬ lowing  fhould  be  uniced  and  joined  to  others,  which  was  performed  accordingly, (g)  St.  Peter  the  little  to  Allhallouis  in  th e.  Pavement. St.  Hellen  on  the  wall  -> Sr.  Mary  without  Lathorp  poftern  >  to  St.  Cutbbert. Allhallows  in  Peafeholm  J St.  George  at  Beanhils  to  St.  Dyonis. St.  Hellen  out  of  Fi/ber-galel Allhallows  within  it  \  t0  Lawrence. St.  Clement's  to  St.  Mary  the  elder  Bijhop-bill. St.  Peter  in  the  Willows  to  St.  Margaret’s. St.  Gregory’s  to  St.  Martin's  in  Micklegate. St.  Edward  to  St.  Nicholas  without  Walmgate.bar. St.  Giles  in  Gillv-o-a  f.p  rn  Sr  01nnu> St.  John  del  Pyke  to  St.  Trinity's  in  Guthram-gate. St.  Nicholas  to  St.  Trinity's  in  Mickle-gate. St.  Wilfrid  to  St.  Michael  de  Belfrays. St.  Hellen's  church  in  Stone-gale  was  alfo  demolifhed,  but  was  rebuilt,  as  will  be  fhewn  ;h the  lequel. To  make  Tome  amends  for  the  great  devaflation  which  befel  our  city  in  this  a<*e  the court  ol  the  lord  prefident  of  the  north  was  eredled  in  it.  It  was  firft  fee  up  byVir* HenryYlll  am°  i537i  and  the  twenty  eighth  year  of  his  reign.  Thomas  duke  of  Nor¬ folk  hr  it  lord  prefident.  I  fhall  be  more  particular  in  giving  the  nature  of  this  commiflion in  the  chapter  defig.ned  for  it;  but  as  the  power  of  this  court  was  to  hear  and  determine all  caufes  on  the  north  fide  Trent ,  the  great  concourfe  of  people  that  mufl  necefiarily  re- lort :  to  ‘2ork  on  this  occafion,  mufl  have  been  an  extraordinary  advantage  to  the  city.  I fhall  not  take  upon  me  to  difpute  whether  it  was  any  advantage  to  the  reft  of  the  king¬ dom,  or  whether  the  royal  prerogative  was  not  ftretched  too  far  in  the  erefting  of  fuch  a court;  ,t  was  moft  certainly  very  beneficial  to  the  city  in  particular,  nor  was  it  ever  fo  far legally  dilfolved  as  to  have  the  fanftion  of  the  three  eftates  for  abolifhing  of  it.  After  the (f)  Stat.  an.  reg.  Ed.  VI.  x°. (i)  Ex  original,  in  Cam.  f up  font  Ufaecift.  2*, P  P  P  reftau- The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book I. reftauration  of  king  Charles  II,  fcveral  petitions  were  preferred  to  the  king  and  council  for re- erecting  of  this  court,  by  the  gentlemen  of  this  county,  affemhled  at  quarter  feffions  and affizes.  Nor  were  the  citizens  backward  in  petitioning  for  what  they  knew  fo  much  to their  interefl,  but  without  effedt  •,  for  the  king  and  council  were  afraid  of  ftirring  into  this affair,  and  lord  chancellor  Clarendon  would  by  no  means  promote  it,  having  himfelf  been a  great  flickler  againft  it,  as  feveral  of  his  fpeeches  extant  in  Rufhworth  do  teftify.  The petition  from  the  city  for  the  re-eftabliftung  this  court  figned  by  the  mayor  and  aider- men,  citizens,  &c.  is  fo  much  to  my  prefent  purpofe  that  I  beg  leave  to  give  it  as follows  i To  the  KING’S  molt  excellent  majefty. (b)  The  humble  petition  of  the  mayor,  aldermen,  and  other  inhabitants  of  the  city  of York  and  county  of  the  fame. Humbly  Jhewelh, CT’HAT  the  petitioners  though  wafted  by  the  late  troubles  forget  their  miferies  when  yettr  facrcd majefty  their  dread  fovereign  returned  to  reign  over  them  in  mercy  and  juftice ,  not  doubting but  to  find  your  majefty  gratioufty  inclined  to  reft  ore  their  juft  and  vital  liberties  which  the  late times  bad  robbed  them  of. That  of  all  other  their  fu  (fieri  ngs ,  they  are  moft  deeply  fenfible  of  the  fufpenfion  of  the  late  court of  prefidency  of  the  north,  erefted  and  continued  under  your  royal  predeceffors  for  above  one  bun- dted  year  t  f aft,  whereby  your  petitioners  and  their  anceftors  were  refrejhed  with  the  ft  reams  of juftice  flowing  down  to  their  doors  by  a  fpeedy  and  eafy  adminift ration  of  it.  Which  was  many times  prom  fed  by  our  late  fovereign  your  royal  father  of  ever  blejfed  memory  to  be  reftored ,  in confidence  whereof,  your  majefty’ s  fupplicants  by  their  petition  for  reafons  therein  mentioned,  figned by  the  feveral  grand  juries  for  the  northern  counties  above  twelve  mouths  fince ,  humbly  addreffed themfelves  to  your  majefty  for  the  re-eft ablifhing  the  fiiid  court,  Jo  much  conducing  to  the  eafe,  be¬ nefit  and  fecurity  of  thefe  parts  •,  which  petition  your  majefty  was  gratioufty  pleafed  not  only  to  re¬ fer  but  to  recommend  to  your  houfe  then  fitting,  and  a  committee  was  appointed  to  confide r  and report  their  opinions,  who  report  that  the  fetid  court  was  only  fitfpended,  and  that  againft  the  be¬ nefit  of  the  county. That  the  other  weighty  affairs  of  the  parliament  did  not  fuffer  them  to  proceed  in  re- eft  ah  lifting the  fame,  fo  that  your  petitioners  ought  to  be  dafhed  to  the  utter  dejettion  of  their  /pints ,  but  that in  their  prefent  extremities  they  have  recourfe  unto  your  majefty' s  grace  andgoodnefs. Therefore  they  humbly  pray  in  regard  the  f aid  court  is  not  taken  away,  but  the  proceed¬ ings  there  only  fufpended ,  that  it  may  gratioufty  pleafe  your  facred  majefty,  out  of  your princely  wifdom,  to  appoint  aprefident  and  court ,  that  they  may  be  reftored  to  their  former eafe  and  plenty ,  and  the  peace  and  fafety  of  the  country  provided  for  by  the  wonted  care of  the  prefi dents,  that,  as  formerly,  juftice  may  flow  down  like  aftream  from  your  ma¬ jefty,  the  fountain  of  juftice ,  upon  the  heads  of  your  petitioners. figned HENRY  THOMPSON,  mayor,  &c. It  mud  be  allowed  that  our  city  had  fomewhat  more  than  a  limb  lopped  off  by  the  dif- folution  of  this  court,  and  therefore  they  could  not  be  blamed  for  petitioning  fo  warmly for  its  re-eftablifhment.  Their  trade  was  then  every  day  decreafing,  and  they  were  ready to  grafp  at  any  advantages  to  fave  themfelves  from  utter  ruin.  It  is  well  known  that  what has  railed  the  city  of  London  to  fuch  a  mighty  overgrown  bulk,  was  not  trade  alone-,  no, if  it  had  not  been  aggrandized  by  other  means  the  city  walls  and  antient  fuburbs  might now  have  been  fufficient  to  contain  the  inhabitants.  The  almoft  conftant  rtf  deuce  of  the royal  family  in  their  neigbourhood,  the  courts  of  juftice ,  frequent  parliaments,  and,  what  is above  them  all,  the  three  grand  companies,  mult  neceflarily  engage  a  vaft  concourfe  of  peo¬ ple  to  attend  them  ;  all  of  which  efpecially  the  laft,  have  greatly  conduced  to  fwell  it  to the  enormous  fize  we  fee  it  at  this  day. In  the  year  1652,  or  thereabouts,  I  find  that  a  petition  was  preferred  to  the  then  par¬ liament  by  the  northern  gentry  and  inhabitants,  for  making  York  an  univerfity.  (ij  RufJj- worth  from  whom  I  copied  this  petition  mentions  not  a  word  how  it  was  received.  It  is more  than  probable  that  it  was  not  taken  any  notice  of,  for  at  that  time  they  were  begin¬ ning  to  difeourage  learning,  and  were  fo  far  from  thinking  it  neceflary  to  begin  a  founda¬ tion  of  a  new  univerfity,  that  the  two  old  ones  were  thought  too  burthenfome  and  too  in¬ jurious  to  the  fpiritual  notions  the  feftaries  were  then  about  to  introduce.  The  petition itfelf  being  extraordinary,  and  no  where  elfe  to  be  met  with  than  in  the  aforefaid  author, claims  a  place  in  this  work. (h)  Ex  cop.  in  cam,  fttf  .  pent.  Ulae. (i)  Fjfi&erth's  collect-  v.  j Chap. VII.  af  the  CITY  of  YORK. To  the  honourable  the  lords  and  commons  afiembled  in  parliament. The  humble  petition  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  county  and  city  of  York,  and  of  the  northern parts  of  the  kingdom  of  England , Sheiveth , H E  earnefl  and  humble  defires  of  the  faid  petitioners,  that  by  the  juf  ice,  wifdom  and  favour of  this  high  and  honourable  court ,  there  may  be  liberty  granted ,  and  fume  means  allowed and  appointed  for  laying  the  foundation  of  an  univerfily ,  college  or  colleges  within  the  city  of York,  for  the  education  of  fcholars  in  arts,  longues  and  all  other  learning ,  that  may  render  them ft  for  the  difeharge  of  the  minifierial  function  in  the  church  of  God  -,  to  the  glory ,  honour,  and advantage  of  thefe  parts  of  the  kingdom  -,  in  which  defire,  that  your  petitioners  may  not  feeri  raj/: and  u nr eafo noble,  they  offer  thefe  enfuing  confiderations . Firft,  that  howfoever  the  kingdom  enjoys  the  benefit  and  bleffmg  of  two  mojl  famous  nniver- fities,  which  as  they  are  fo ,  we  fill  hope  they  fhall  continue  the  glory  of  Europe,  yet  we  hum¬ bly  conceive  that  they  are  not  commenfurable  to  the  largenefs  and  neceffty  of  the  kingdom,  which appeareth  by  the  deplorable  want  of  a  learned  and  faithful  minijlry  in  very  many  congregations, which,  for  want  of  fcholars  or  choice  of  fckools,  are  betrayed  to  the  ignorance  of  illiterate  men , through  whom  the  fad  proverb  is  fufilled  upon  us,  the  blind  lead  the  blind,  and  both  fill  into the  ditch, Secondly,  as  we  the  inhabitants  of  the  northern  parts  of  this  kingdom  find  our  ffare  in  this common  want  and  calamity  to  be  very  great,  infomuch  that  we  have  been  looked  upon  as  a  rude and  barbarous  people,  in  reflect  of  thoje  parts  which  by  reafon  of  their  vicinity  to  the  univerfitics, have  more  fully  partaked  of  their  light  and  influence,  fo  we  cannot  but  be  importunate  in  this  re- quefl -,  in  which  if  we  may  prevail  we  hope  it  will  be  a  fpecial  means  of  wajhing  from  us  the  flain of  rudenefs  and  incivility ,  and  r endring  of  us  to  the  honour  of  God  and  this  kingdom,  not  fo  much inferiour  to  others  in  religion  and  converfation. _  Thirdly,  We  humbly  declare  that  many  of  us  who  would  gladly  offer  our  children  to  the  fer- vice  of  the  church  of  God,  in  the  work  of  the  minijlry,  and  fhould  hope  to  accomplifl:  our  defines, if  a  cheaper  and  more  convenient  way  of  education,  in  point  of  diflance,  was  allowed  us-,  but we  cannot  fulfil  our  wifhes  in  that  behalf  in  regard  to  the  diflance  and  dearnefs  of  the  fouthern univerfities ,  whofe  charge  we  are  by  continual  impoverijh  meats  rendered  daily  more  unable  to bear. Fourthly,  We  cannot  but  apprehend  it  very  neccffary  ?iot  only  to  the  good  of  thefe  parts ,  but to  the  peace  and  happinefs  of  the  whole  kingdom ,  that  all  poffible  care  be  had  of  reforming  the northern  parts ,  now  abounding  with  popery,  fuperflition,  and  profanenefi,  the  fruits  of  ignorance-, that  they  may  not  remain  afeminary  or  nurfery  of  men  fit  to  be  inflruments  of  any  irreligious or  unreafonable  deftgn  jor  the  overthrow  of  religion  and  liberty  ,  which  reformation  cannot  be  ex¬ pelled  without  a  learned  and  painful  minijlry,  which  we  almoft  defp  air  of  being fupplied  with  from thefoutk,  whither  we  fend  many  fcholars,  but  find  veftigia  pauca  retrorfum,  and  thofe  for  the vioji  part  fuch  as  others  have  refufed. Fifthly,  We  humbly  reprefent  York  as  the  fitteft  place  fir  fuch  a  work  in  regard  of  its healthful  filiation,  cheapnef  of  visual  and  fuel,  (which  however  by  the  late  qnd  prefent  prejju  res upon  the  country  now  grown  dearer,  we  hope  Jh  all  recover  the  firmer  rate  and  plenty,  if  God Jhall  vouchfafi  us  the  blejfing  of  peace)  feme  good  degree  of  civility,  the  convenient  diflance  of  it from  the  other  univerfiies  and  the  borders  of  the  kingdom,  the  advantage  of  a  library,  which is  there  already ,  and  convenient  building  fir  fitch  an  ttfe. Upon  thefe  confiderations  your  petitioners  humbly  defire  that  the  foundation  offp  good  a  work, though  the  revenues  of  the  archbijho prick,  dean,  dean  and  chapter,  be  dijpofid  of  to  other publick  ufes,  this  high  and  honourable  court  would  he  plcafcd  to  allow  and  appoint  that place  which  is  commonly  called  the  Bredon,  now  a  college  of  vicars  choral  and  finAir* men,  with  the  maintenance  belonging  to  that  corporation,  as  alfo  what  other  revenues  they in  their  favour  fhall  think  Jit.  And  we  doubt  not  but  by  the  bleffmg  of  God,  the  diligence and  bounty  of  men,  well  afefled  to  religion  and  learning,  this  work  may  be  brought  to fuch  perfection  as  may  tend  very  much  to  the  honour  of  God,  the  happinefs  and  advantage, not  only  of  thefe  northern  parts,  but  of  the  whole  kingdom. This  petition  needs  no  faxther  comment,  than  to  fity  that  had  it  been  complied  with,  and the  place  and  revenue  appointed  according  as  it  requefts,  it  probably  might  have  viven nfe  to  a  northern  univerfity  at  Turk  ;  which  all  that  know  it  mull  agree  to  'be  incompara¬ bly  well  fituated  for  that  purpofe.  But  to  proceed,  I  Hull  next  enquire  what  encourage¬ ment  has  been  given  by  our  magiftrates  to  the  eftablifhing  manufafores  of  any  k'ind^m Jo/*,  whereby  the  poor  oi  the  city,  now  a  great  burthen  to  it,  might  be  rendered  ufcful to  the  community. And  here  I  am  forry  to  have  occafion  to  fay  that  thofe  very  grants  and  conceffions, which  the  beneficence  of  fucceeding  monarchs  have  conferred  upon,  this  city,  by  charters, patents,  tic.  and  which  no  doubt  were  originally  defigned  for  the  good  and  fervice  of  it, 0Ux  ave  almoft  proved  its  ruin.  Our  magiftrates  have  been  too  tenacious  of  their  pri¬ vileges, o "The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. vileges,  and  have  for  many  years  laft  paft,  by  vertue  of  their  charters,  as  it  were  locked themfelves  up  from  the  world,  and  wholly  prevented  any  foreigner  from  fettling  any  ma¬ nufacture  amongft  ahem;  unlefs  under  fuch  reftridtions  as  tiiey  were  not  likely  to  accept of.  The  paying  a  large  fum  of  money  for  their  freedoms,  with  the  troublefome  and chargeable  offices  they  muft  after  undertake,  would  deter  any  perfon  of  an  enterprifing  ge¬ nius,  in  regard  of  manufacture,  from  coming  to  refide  at  York.  1  have  been  told,  how true  I  know  not,  but  it  is  probable  that  when  the  French  proteftarits  came  over,  a  colony of  them  was  offered  to  be  fettled  in  this  city,  which  the  wifdom  and  forefight  of  our  then magiftrates  prevented.  I  have  fomewhat  better  authority  for  another  remarkable  inftance of  their  fteady  adherence  to  their  charter  laws,  which  was  that  the  late  famous  Mr.  Clayton of  Liverpool,  who  raifed  the  tobacco  trade  in  that  town  to  the  greateft  height  it  ever  was at,  in  his  firft  beginning  of  bufinefs  offered  to  fettle  at  York  ;  if  the  citizens  would  let  him and  his  followers  in,  without  tying  them  all  down  to  their  ufual  reftridtions.  This  ftory came  from  the  late  archbilhop  Dawes,  who  had  it  from  Mr.  Clayton  himfelf,  when  he  was biffiop  of  Chejker.  Of  what  infinite  fervice  thefe  two  eftablifhments  would  have  been  to the  city  at  this  day  I  lhall  leave  to  the  readers  judgment. Of  late  years,  viz.  1708,  a  fmall  number  of  publick  fpirited  citizens  made  a  joint  flock, with  the  concurrence  of  the  then  lord-mayor,  and  fet  up  a  woolen  manufacture  for  work¬ ing  in  the  Coventry  and  Norwich  manner,  all  forts  of  ftulfs,  calimancoes,  camlets,  &c. This  was  actually  fet  on  foot  and  carried  on  for  a  few  years,  and  the  poor  employed  in fpinning,  (Yc.  but  it  all  came  to  nothing;  and  chiefly,  as  I  have  been  informed,  by  the fmall  number  of  foreigners  the  city  would  admit  on  thisoccafion  ;  and  they  alfo  being  men of  no  fubftance. But  the  magiftrates  and  citizens  of  York  have  it  in  their  power,  by  a  joint  concurrence,  to lay  the  foundation  of  an  eftabliffiment  of  this  kind,  which  would  be  of  infinite  fervice  to them  all.  It  is  well  known  that  there  is  a  great  deal  of  excellent  land  lies  round  the  city, ever  which  the  poor  freemen  of  each  ward  have  a  particular  ftray  for  their  cattle  from  Mi¬ chaelmas  to  Lady-day.  This  was  originally  defigned  for  the  good  of  the  pooreft  fort  of citizens,  which  it  really  does  not  eftcCt ;  for  alas,  they  are  not  pofleft  of  any  cattle  for  that purpofe.  It  is  only  a  midling  fort  as  I  may  call  them  which  reap  the  benefit  of  this  ftray* which,  if  it  was  taken  from  them,  would  be  no  real  damage,  but  make  them  mind  their ihops  the  better,  and  not  depend  upon  getting  a  livelihood  by  lending  horfes,  Csfc.  But what  a  noble  foundation  would  here  be  for  ereCting  a  workhoufe,  and  providing  a  flock of  hemp,  flax,  &c.  for  fetting  the  poor  on  work  ?  The  advantage  fuch  a  large  parcel  of choice  land  would  gain  by  taking  oft'  the  ftray,  would  be  a  fund  of  feme  thoufands  a  year for  that  purpofe.  And,  if  the  magiftrates  would  at  the  fame  time  foften  the  rigour  of  their charter,  and  invite  fome  handicrafts  to  come  and  refide  amongft  them,  I  doubt  not  but  in a  few  years  the  populoufnefs  of  this  city  would  be  again  reftoicd,  the  poor  tax  laid  afide, and  no  wretch  fo  miferable  as  to  be  obliged  to  gain  a  living  by  begging  in  the  ftreets. This  projedl  is  not  new  ;  it  has  been  often  attempted  to  procure  an  a<ft  of  parliament  to this  purpofe  ;  and  a  year  or  two  ago  a  petition  from  the  city  was  prefented  to  the  houfe, praying  leave  to  bring  in  a  bill  to  that  end.  But  an  unhappy  divifion  arifing  amongft  the citizens  about  it,  it  was  thought  proper  to  drop  the  defign,  and  profecute  it  no  farther. Till  this  defireable  point  is  gained,  there  is  fmall  hope  that  any  thriving  manufacture  will be  carried  on  amongft  us ;  but  the  citizens  left,  as  they  have  been  for  leveral  years  laft paft,  to  live  upon  one  another.  For  I  may  fafely  lay  that,  except  fome  few  wine  merchants, the  export  of  butter,  and  fome  fmall  trifles  not  worth  mentioning,  there  is  no  other  trade carried  on  in  the  city  of  2brk  at  this  day. What  has  been,  and  is,  the  chief  fupport  of  the  city,  at  prefent,  is  the  refort  to  and  reli- dence  of  feveral  country  gentlemen  with  their  families  in  it.  Thefe  have  found,  by  experi¬ ence,  that  living  at  Fork  is  fo  much  cheaper  than  London ,  that  it  is  even  lefs  expenfive  than living  at  their  own  houfes  in  the  country.  The  great  variety  of  provifions,  with  which our  markets  abound,  makes  it  very  eafy  to  furnifh  out  an  elegant  table  at  a  moderate rate.  And  it  is  true  yet  what  Fuller  laid  of  us  in  his  time,  that  an  ordinary  at  York  would make  a  feafi  in  London  ( k ).  Belides  our  city  is  very  well  qualified  for  the  education  of their  children,  efpecially  females,  in  all  the  necefiary  accomplilhments  belonging  to  that fex.  The  diverfions  which  have  been  of  late  years  fet  on  foot,  and  are  now  brifkly  car¬ ried  on  every  winter  in  the  city,  are  another  great  inducement  to  bring  company  to  it. About  twenty  years  ago  a  weekly  afiembly  was  begun  here,  where  gentlemen  and  ladies met  every  Monday  night  to  dance,  play  at  cards,  and  amufe  themfelves  with  the  other  in¬ nocent  diverfions  of  the  place.  It  was  firft  fet  up  at  the  Manor ,  was  feveral  years  kept  in the  lord  Irwin's  houfe  in  the  Minjler  yard,  and  is  now  continued  in  the  room  built on  purpofe  for  it  in  the  new  buildings.  Two  or  three  years  ago  a  mufick  afiembly was  began  in  York ,  and  is  contined  every  Friday  night,  in  the  fame  room,  where  a  fet of  choice  hands  and  voices  are  procured  to  divert  the  company  each  winter.  To  thefe are  added  a  company  of  ftage- players,  who  by  fublcription,  a£t  twice  a  week,  and  are  al- (k)  Fuller's  worthies. lowed CHAP.Vli;  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. lowed  to  be  the  Beft  (hollers  in  the  kingdom.  All  thefe  diverfions  are  had  a t  a  rrioft moderate  expence,  Monday  aflembly  being  half  a  crown,  mufick  a  crown,  and  plays were  fifteen  /hillings,  which  added  together  makes  but  one  pound  two  fhillings  and  fix pence,  the  whole  charge  of  a  quarter  of  a  year’s  polite  entertainment  in  York. 1  wice  in  the  year  the  affizes,  or  general  goal  delivery  for  the  city  and  county  of  York, are  held  here,  On  which  occafion,  befides  the  men  of  bufinefs,  did  formerly  re  fort  a  great number  of  our  northern  gentry  to  partake  of  the  diverfions  that  were  ufually  fet  up  in  the city  for  that  time.  Ol  late  years  this  is  altered  ;  and  the  grand  meeting  of  the  nobility  and g-ntry  of  the  north,  and  o'ther  parts  of  England ,  is  now  at  York  in  or  about  the  month  of Augujc  ;  drawn  thither  by  the  hopes  ol  being  agreeably  entertained,  for  a  week,  in  horfe - rucing,  balls,  afiemblies,  &c.  It  is  furprifing  to  think  to  what  a  height  this  fpirit  of  horfe  - racing  is.  now  arrived  in  this  kingdom  ;  when  there  is  fcarce  a  village  fo  mean  that  has cot  a  bit  ol  plate  raifed  once  a  year  for  this  purpofe.  York  and  its  neighbourhood  have  been long  famous  for  this  kind  of  diverfion  •,  f  n*  Camden  mentions  a  yearly  horfc-race  to  be  run 01  C^1C  Ibreft  of  Galtres ,  where  the  prize  for  the  horfe  that  won  was  a  little  golden  bell  (/;. brom  whence,  no  doubt,  comes  the  proverb  to  bet  r  away  the  bell .  It  is  hardly  credible, lays  the  antiquary,  what  great  refort  of  people  there  is  at  thefe  races  from  all  parts,  and what  great  wagers  are  laid  upon  the  horfes.  But  that  celebrated  author  would  have  been amazed  indeed  could  he  pollibly  have  feen  one  meeting  at  York ,  or  Newmarket ,  on  this  occa- lion,  in  thefe  days.  Where  the  attraction  of  this,  at  the  belt  but  baroarous  diverfion,  not only  draws  in  the  country  people  in  vaft  crowds,  but  the  gentry,  nay  even  the  clergy  and prime  nobility  are  mixed  amongft  them.  Stars,  ribbons  and  garters,  here  loofe  their  luftre ltrangely,  when  the  noble  peer  is  drefled  like  his  groom.  But,  to  make  amends  for  that, view  them  at  night  and  their  fplendour  returns  •,  and  here  it  is  that  York  Ihines  indeed, when,  by  the  light  of  feveral  elegant  luflres,  a  concourfe  of  four  or  five  hundred  of  both fexes,  out  of  the  beft  families  in  the  kingdom,  are  met  together.  In  fhort  the  politenefs of  the  gentlemen,  the  richnefsof  the  drefs,  and  remarkable  beauty  of  the  ladies,  and,  of  late, the  magnificence  of  the  room  they  meet  in,  cannot  be  equalled,  throughout,  in  any  part  of Europe. 1  hele  races  were  firfi:  fet  up  anno  1700,  when  a  collection  was  made  through  the  city  for purchafing  five  plates  to  be  run  for.  Anno  1713,  the  king’s  gold  cup,  fince  changed  into one  hundred  guineas,  and  given  annually  to  leveral  counties,  was  procured  to  be  at  York  v where  it  has  ever  fince  continued  to  be  the  firll  plate,  and  run  for  on  the  firfi:  day  of  the week.  Clifton-ings  was  for  feveral  years  the  place  of  trial  ;  but  upon  a  mifunderftanding with  the  owner  of  that  ground,  or  great  part  of  it,  the  race  was  altered  ;  and  Knave/mire, a  common  of  paflure  belonging  to  the  city,  was  pitched  upon  for  that  purpofe.  It  isjudged to  be  the  beft  race  in  England  for  feeing  the  diverfion ;  the  form  of  it  being  a  horfedhoe, the  company  in  the  midft,  can  never  loofe  fight  of  the  racers.  This  diverfion,  whatever difiervice  it  may  do  to  the  country  people,  by  caufing  them  to  fpend  or  lofe  that  money that  fhould  go  to  the  fupport  of  their  families,  farms,  or  payment  of  their  rents,  is  cer¬ tainly  of  great  benefit  to  the  city  and  citizens,  by  being  the  occafion  that  fome  thoufands  of pounds  are  annually  fpent  in  it  in  a  week’s  time.  Lodgings  for  that  Week  are  ufually  let at  a  guinea  a  room.  1 The  royal  court,  high  court  of  parliament ,  the  court  of  th tlord prefident  of  the  north,  have been  long  ftrangers  to  this  city ;  and  we  have  no  hopes  of  a  reftauration  to  us  of  any  of them.  Mr.  Lochart ,  in  his  memoirs  of  the  Scotch  nation  before  the  union,  affirms  that  their commiffioners  infilled  ftrongly  that  parliaments  fhould  be  held  in  York  ;  as  a  place  fitly  Si¬ tuated  for  that  purpofe.  I  ffiall  not  enquire  what  made  the  Scotch  recede  from  this  demand io  much  to  their  own  eafe  and  advantage-,  the  giving  up  of  this  article,  and  feveral  others’ being  too  tender  points  to  treat  on;  but  I  mult  fay  that  if  it  is  found  to  be  no  inconveni¬ ence  to  them,  it  was  a  great  misfortune  to  York  to  lofe  it.  Since  then,  I  fay,  that  no  hopes appears  of  the  aforefaid  advantages  ever  being  retrieved  to  us,  our  races  and  the  refidence ol  the  gentry  amongfi:  us,  in  our  prefent  decay  of  trade,  feems  to  be  the  chief  fupport  of the  city.  Our  magiftrates  take  great  care  that  families  of  this  fort  fhould  be  encouraged to  live  here;  by  allowing  of  all  innocent  diverfions,  and  making  of  publick  walks  for  their entertainment,  &c.  Nay  the  Roman  Catholick  gentry  have  great  liberties  allowed  them  in York  ;  which,  with  the  cheapnefs  of  the  place,  has  drawn  many  families  of  o-ood  repute  to inhabit  with  us.  Our  ftreets  are  kept  clean,  and  lighted  with  lamps,  every  night  in  the winter  feafon ;  and  fo  regular  are  the  inhabitants,  to  their  hours  of  reft,  that  it  is  rare  to  meet any  perfon,  after  ten  or  eleven  at  night,  walking  in  them.  We  now  reckon  forty  two  gen¬ tlemen’s  coaches,  twenty  two  hackney  coaches,  and  twenty  two  hackney  chairs,  to  be  in lull  exercile  in  the  city ;  and  it  will  be  no  vanity  in  me  to  fay,  that  though  other  citi  s  and towns  in  the  kingdom  run  far  beyond  us  in  trade,  and  the  hurry  of  bufinefs,  yet,  there is  no  place,  out  0f  London,  fo  polite  and  elegant  to  live  in  as  the  city  of  York.  ’ The native  inhabitants  of  York  are  a  civil  fort  of  people;  courteous  enough  to  ftrangers, when  they  are  acquainted  a  little,  but  (hy  enough  before.  The  common  people  are  very 0)  Sriumu.  The  bell  was  tied  on  the  forehead  of  the  horfe  that  won.  who  was  led  about  in  triumph. »  Q^q  q  they 24X The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI, well  made  and  proportioned  •,  crookednefs,  either  in  men  or  women,  is  a  rarity  amongft them.  The  women  are  remarkably  handfome  •,  it  being  taken  notice  of  by  ftrangers  that they  obferve  more  pretty  faces  in  York  than  in  any  other  place.  The  better  fort  of  tradef- men  live  well  in  their  houfes,  whether  they  verify  the  proverb  when  they  die  or  no.  There being  few  of  them  that  do  not  fit  down  to  as  good  a  dinner,  at  their  ufual  hour  twelve  a clock,  as  a  very  top  merchant  in  London  would  provide  tor  his  family.  Feafting  to  ex- cefs  with  one  another  is  ftrongly  in  ufe  at  York ,  and  indeed  all  over  the  north  of  England , but  here  they  have  many  ftrange  cuftoms  to  provoke  it.  It  is  for  this  reafon  and  their conftantly  living  upon  folid  meat  that  few  of  the  inhabitants  are  long  lived  in  York  there are  not  many  inftances  of  people  living  to  an  extream  old  age  in  it,  notwithftanding  the natural  healthfulnefs  of  the  Situation.  The  common  people  fpeak  Englijk  very  ill  ;  and have  a  ftrange  affected  pronunciation  of  fome  words,  as  hooje ,  moofe ,  coo ,  for  houfe,  moufe , cow  and  fo  on.  But  whatever  they  do  in  foftning  the  found  of  thefe  words  they  are  equal¬ ly  broad  in  the  pronunciation  of  others.  Dr.  Hickes ,  in  his  Thefaurus  linguarum  feptcn.  has given  us  a  fpecimen  of  the  Englijh  language  as  it  was  wrote  and  ipoke  about  the  year  1395; this  I  fhall  beg  leave  to  copy,  becaule  our  city  and  their  way  of  fpeaking  at  that  time  is mentioned  in  it.  If  they  ipoke  or  wrote  worfe  than  this  fpecimen,  it  was  bad  indeed,  but that  they  did  not  I  fhall  make  appear  by  a  proclamation  lor  the  price  of  victual  in  York , about  the  fame  time  as  the  former  date,  which  I  have  extracted  out  of  one  of  the  city’s regifters.  And  firft  the  doCtor. (m)  jau  tljc  longagc  of  tlje  Northumbers  anO  cfpccialifclj  at  York  is  foe  fcfjarp  flitting nnD  fretting  ano  unfetjape,  tljat  tuc  foutljerne  men  map  tljat  longagc  unetfjc  unDerftonDc. 3H  trotoe  that  is  bccaufe  that  tljep  bcetb  nplj  to  ftraimgc  men  ano  nations  that  fpckctlj ftraungelicfje,  nnO  alfoc  bccaufc  the  fcpnges  of  Engelond  looiifjctlj  aiicap  far  from  tljat  cun* trep,  &c. proclamation  for  p?icc  of  btctapll  pnThurdfday  market.  Annoreg.  R.  II.  xvi.  1393. ifo?  als  mpkill  als  proclamation  oftc  tpmes  has  been  maoc  here,  als  it  ps  the  eulfome  of tl;is  cite,  tl;at  ptiltre,  inilocfoulc,  ano  other  tjptapU  that  is  bjogtjt  Jjibcr  to  be  faloe,  be  faloe in  thps  manor,  that  ps  for  to  fap,  &c.  0nD  that  bptaplls  that  arc  nogljt  enfraunefjeft,  from the  tpmc  tl;at  thep  come  tnitljm  the  pjccinctc,  ano  toptljpit  ttjps  fojefapti  fraunchefe  that  thap brpng  pt  Ijiocr  jjolp  to  this  the  fcpnges  market!)  here  to  be  falbc  at  the  price  that  ps  afojefapo, ano  that  none  of  the  forefapo  bptapll  be  tuitbtiraUm  nauther  into  fljoppe,  ne  houfe,  nc  clfeo Inhere,  bot  plapnlp  info  this  marketh,  tjerc  to  faloe  to  eberp  man  thatinill  bup'  it,  opon the  price  abobenfapo,  0  papn  of  forfeiture  of  the  fame  bptapll,  ano  on  the  peril  that  falls  ihac opon,  j3iid  that  none  be  foe  fjarop  as  to  bp  no  manner  of  bptapll  befojefapD,  before  tpmc tbar-  fer  bp  ftrpkcit  open  the  common  bell  at  Oufebrygg,  opon  the  papn  abobcmncnfioncD. #no  tljat  cukes  ano  regratours  keep  thapr  tpmc  of  bppngc,  als  tljaprc  eonftitutions  ano  go* tjeruance  of  thps  cite  topll,  open  papn  tljat  falls  therefore,  thep  knakie  that  locle  pnegh,  tljat ps  to  fap  that  na  cuke  be  hpmfclf,  na  nanc  other,  bp  na  flclh,  fpth,  na  other  manner  of  bp« tapll,  fra  eberefang  rpng  at  font  Mychell  kprk  at  Ufebryghend,  unto  the  morn  that ftrpkc  at  the  Myniter,  bot  unto  the  balue  of  xviii  0.  for  Dpitcrs  for  trabclpng  men.  J3itD  that na  cuke  bp  na  manner  of  bptapll  in  na  place,  bot  in  the  market  that  ps  orocpneD  tljarfojc- I  leave  thefe  two  fpecimens  of  our  antient  Englijh  tongue  to  the  reader’s  judgment ;  for my  part,  I  think  the  latter  more  intelligible  than  the  former.  I  fhall  only  obferve  on  this head,  that  as  our  common  people  fpeak  bad  enough,  it  muft  at  the  fame  time  be  allowed, that  the  better  fort  talk  the  Englijk  language  in  perfection  at  York.  Without  the  affeCted tone  ar.d  mincing  fpeech  of  the  fouthern  people,  as  well  as  the  broad  open  accent,  and twang,  of  the  more  northern. To  guefs  at  the  number  of  the  prefent  inhabitants  of  York  I  fhall  fubjoin  the  following table  of  births  and  burials  that  have  happened  in  it  for  feven  years  paft.  This  is  extracted carefully  from  the  feveral  parifti  regifters,  and  I  leave  it  to  pofterity  to  copy  after  and purfue  the  method. BIRTHS  and  BURIALS  in  the  city  oj  YORK  and  fuhurbs ,  from  the  5th  oj  Auguft  1728, till  the  5,h  of  Auguft,  1735. The  cathedral  - 1.  All  faints  Pavement 2.  Allhallows  North-freet 3.  St.  Crux  • - 4.  St.  Cutbbert's,  - 5.  St.  Dennis  - 6.  Sc.  Helen's  - - Births. Burials. 7 123 218 IOI 1 1 1 132 i59 55 80 92 106 ll3 1  122 Chap.  VlL of  the  CITY  of  YORK. 7.  St.  John's  —  _ 8.  St.  Laurence 9.  St.  Martin's  Conyng-ftreet 10.  St.  Michael  le  Belfrey  _ 11.  St.  Michael  Spurrier-gate 12.  St.  Mary's  Caftle-gate 13.  St.  Martin's  Mickle-gate 14.  St.  Mary  Bi/hop- hill  elder 15.  St.  Mary  Bifhop-hill  younger 16.  St.  Maurice  — 17.  St.  Margaret's  — 18.  St.  Olave's  . _ . 19.  St.  Saviour's  _ 20.  St.  Sampfon's  _ i  __ 21.  Chrijl  Church  _ _ 22.  ’Trinity  Godram-gate 23.  Trinity  Mickle-gate  _ Birth. -  136 60 —  73 —  310 -  198 150 —  92 -  103 —  57 55 —  1 18 i+7 7° 188 -  140 -  143 —  129 Total  2785 243 Burials, 173 77 1 10 327 216 221 ll7 117 73 158 1+7 181 103 228 ii9 144 152 3466 f  ™  Pnn u  r  1  [°r  the  pnC?  °f  V,amls  puts  me  in  mind  of  the  laft  article  1  propofed to  neat  on  before  I  begun  my  furvey,  which  was  to  give  fome  account  of  the  ftated  price of  piovifions  antiently  in  this  city  ;  and  what  our  markets  produce  and  fell  for,  in  every rahies6  rh  .  fi  da7‘  „The  reader  wil1  better  comprehend  this  by  the  following when  the  kfn-  ^  fcKd  °f  Proviflons  in  r°rk’  in  the  time  of  Richard  If when  the  kin&  and  all  his  court  were  here  ;  and  confequently  it  mull  be  allowed  to  be 'ha?  ordlnary-  The  other  is  the  prefent  value,  where  I  muftobferve,  that  notwith- ftandin  the  great  plenty  of  fome  years  laft  paft,  in  com  and  other  articles,  yet  it  is  well known  that  our  markets  are  rifen  confiderably  of  late  years,  efpecially  fincethe  fatal  1721 The  rfff 1CH  datef°“r  landlords  began  to  raife  their  rents,  and  their  tenants  the  produce’ readers' judgment^  ^  ™  “  °f  m°ney  “  ±e  feCond’s  time  and  now>  1  lea™  to  the 1393,- Good  bread,  made  according  to  the  aflize,7 wheaten  and  of  good  boulter,  four  loaves f for  _  _  _  i Of  another  fort  two  loaves,  good  weight,  for Item,  Beer  well  brewed,  good  and  Kroner  ac-7 cording  to  the  affize,  thebeft  fort  per  gallon  f Another  fort  per  gallon  _  _ A  third  fort  two  gallons  for  _  _ Item,  Claret  wine,  vyn  vermeil,  per  gallon All  forts  of white  wineper  gallon  _ And  that  no  perlon  fell  wine  or  beer  without  the known  meafure  on  pain,  £A.  And  that  none prefume  to  fell  mixed  or  corrupted  wines. Butchers  how  they  Jhctll  fell. For  a  carcafe  of  choice  beef,  beauf  Sovereign For  a  carcafe  of  the  next  fort  _  s For  a  carcafe  of  Scotch  beaft, fovereign A  Scotch  cow  —  _ And  the  other  Scotch  cattle,  as  well  oxen  as cows,  according  as  they  appear. For  a  carcafe  of  mutton,  the  beft  _ For  a  worfer  fort  —  _  ’  _  _ For  a  carcafe  of  veal,  the  beft  _ Another  fort  _  _ -  _ For  a  lamb  _  _ viii xx xiv XX xvi — ■  viii The  fame  provisions  fold  in  the markets  at  York  in  the  years. 17^. S. OO  02  OO OI OO 08 06 1 735* s. 00  02  00 00 00 00 00 OO r  per  gallon. OO OO  Red  port. 08  White  port. 10 10 00 09 10 00 08 00 00 °7 00 00 04 04 00 °3 10 00 °3 00 00 02 J5 00 01 10 00 01 62 00 01 00 00 00 15 00 01 06 00 01 01 00 01 00 00 00 15 00 00 12 00 00 08  • 00 M  £x  ngi/tn  in  cm  ftp.  pent.  U&e.  Gallice. For 244 trench  wine. Boundaries. ob. i  ob. i  ob. i  ob. i  ob. 'The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I, The  fame  frovifiens  fold  in  the 1393; s.  d. For  a  hog,  or  pork,  the  beft  —  -*•  id  iv For  another  fort  —  —  111 In  poultry. For  a  capon,  the  beft  ““  —  1V For  a  fecond  fort  —  ■*—  — For  a  hen  —  — For  a  pullet  - - -  — A  — For  a  pig,  the  beft,  —  —  — Another  —  — *  '  — Fora  fat  goofe  — »  —  —  — Item ,  For  a  frefh  falmon,  the  largeft  and  beft  ii The  other  according  to  their  quantities. Item,  In  an  inn  a  horfe  at  hay  and  ftraw  by  night And  when  oats  are  fold  in  the  market  at  ele-  7 ven  pence  per  quarter,  then  in  the  inn  per  /■ bufhel  —  — In  the  old  Englifh  proclamation  aforefaid  the prices  of  wild  fowl,  &c.  are  given  as  fol¬ lows. For  a  pig  —  — For  twelve  pidgeons  —  — For  a  partridge  —  — For  a  plover  —  — 4 For  a  woodcock  - - -  —  — For  a  teal  —  — For  twelve  field-fares  —  — For  twelve  larks  — For  a  wild  duck  — I" he  affizt  of  wine  taken  before  the  mayor  and  bay- liffs  in  the  Guild-hall  by  a  jury  of  twelve  ci¬ tizens  anno  reg.  regis  R.  II.  xvi*  who  fay  upon their  oaths  that , French  claret. The  beft  new  red  wine  of  Gafcoign  at  the  portj of  kinrfton  upon  Hull  fells  per  pipe  at  j A  fecond  fort  -  -  -  *  markT A  third  fort  -  -  -  vm  marks. Upon  which  proclamation  was  made  that  a gallon  of  new  choice  wine  of  Gafcoigny  Ihould  be fold  for  eight  pence  a  gallon  and  no  dearer,  up¬ on  the  penalty  that  would  enfue. The  antient  and  prefent  boundaries  of  the  city  are  the  next  things  which  I  propofe give  ;  the  liberties  one  way,  indeed,  ftretchto  a  great  extent,  fincethe  weapontack  of  the Ainfty  were  added  to  it.  But  that  diftrift  demands  a  particular  chapter,  and  I  mall  here only  fubjoin  an  account  of  the  city’s  jurifdiftion  in  regard  to  its  other  privileges. Antient  BOUNDS  of  the  city  of  Y  O  R  K  taken  anno  reg.  regis  H.  V.  r. From  the  river  Oufe  on  the  weft  which  is  to  jFteeMitiOS*  againft  the  *"  *e Bi/bop's-fields,  extending  by  one  ditch  there  as  far  as  the  bridge  to  the  end  ot  Holgatc  town. Thence  as  far  as  the  outgang  in  the  moor  called  f!t,o;Uys  moor.  Thence  beyond  5Snatef. nitres  as  far  as  WayOale  croft  in  the  way  which  leads  to  BiHoptf)0:pc.  Thence  beyond  the water  ot  Oufe  as^ &r  as  the  croft  (landing  againft  the  ®«enOiiW«  m  the  way  ead.ng  to  F«/- fori.  Thence  from  the  river  Oufe  on  the  north,  mz.  from  the  bridge  in  which is  called  Little-ing ,  fo  extending  by  the  SDihe  and  a  £pccte  againft  the  Spittle ®';1,  J The  way  as  far  as  the  abbot  of  St.  Maries  miln.  And  thence  as  far u  the fppttal,  in  the  high  way  which  leads  to  Clyfton.  And  fo  as  far  as  the  $itn  of  Ot  Kou. cliff.  And  thence  as  far  as  the  Watergate  in  the  outgang  upon  the  m0°I' ,  A"  J  0f  ft ® Meere  as  far  as  the  White  ftane  crofs  upon  Afttll  briggs.  Thence  beyond  the  water  of  JJ ^a  nft  the  water-milnsof  theabbotof  St.  Maries ,  extending  to  the  croft  upon  Hearth S  lip«Xoor  is  a  common  ofpafture,  for  all  the, citizens  < crofts  beyond  the  igtnnynDpfeeS.  Hem,  From  the  croft  upon  Heassorlh  moor  a :  far ^as  die jSCllBCfrbtigj,  and  fo  extending  as  far  as  the  croft  againft  the  brigge,  fro  y xii  marks. J732* L 1 735 I s. d. s. d. 02 10 oo OI 15 00 02 oo 00 01 01 00 OO 02 oo 00 01 09 OO 01 06 00 01 °-U OO oo 10 00 00 oj OO oo 08 00 00 06 OO 02 oo 00 02 00 OO 01 06 CO OI 06 OO 02 oo 00 02 00 oo IO 00 00 IO 00 OO oo o6 00 00 06 00 02 08 00 02 08 oo 02 oo 00 02 00 oo OI 06 00 OI 03 oo oo 08 00 OO 08 CO oo 06 00 OO 06 oo oo 10 00 OO 09 oo oo 09 0® OO 09 oo OI 06 00 OI 06 oo oo 06 00 OO 0  6 oo OI 06 00 01 q.6 Per  hogjb. 44 oo 00 44 00 00 36 oo 00 36 00 00 3° oo 00 3° 00 00 \l  The  JHount. S/KatAerin  e'j FoJyt/aA. 1 7  SFTfumuuJ Hofyital. p  AficA/e-jpeite Bar. ly.y.y  FicA/eyate oTrinity  BAurcA and  Bardens. -j.S.rMari/  f/ie- f/ounyer B.SfAfary  tAe E/der. pP Id  Bade. lO.SAe/deryate Po/ieru . u.SAe/deryate . 12.  Bi/hoy  At// . 'iy  Trinity  Aane. \p.To/t  preen ay.  fanner  row . id.d/Aadonj .  jyJVortA^  ftreet tS.  Pojtern . y.S/JoAtuf zo.SAfartinj 21.  ufe  Bn  dye  & Tonai  Fad . 22. TAe  StaytA : or  Bey. L  T/iep/t/e ■2/. /aft/e  yate. Poftern . zy.BAy/fordJ  Tower 2  6d'qft/eyate . 2],  SfAfary'J. iB.Ou/eaate . my.  S.A'fteAae/j •  no-  foppery  a/e . .  y  eiUha/Aonrj ■Pavement . j?2  AfercAantj  Aa//. {?. yRfiSrlpe jp.  S'  Dp  on  iJ ay.  Fi/herqate  PoJ  - :  tern )6. 0/d  F/heryate Bar. j-j.  Ha  Amp  ate  Bar 78.  S  Lawrence . 3  S'Afaryaret. po  T/a/myate. 4/.  Fa/e/dafherj Fad. 42  Fc/3  pate pj.SrPru>r. p.p.  BntcAerj  Aad. py.  SAamA/eJ p6.  Bodier-yate 47. S.1 Saviour yate. p8  SSSavtourj . p  q.  SAcem  aAerj ‘  Fad. yoPeafeAo/m.  : ,  .Breen  ■ ci.SrAntAom/J : :Fad.  ~ y2.S.(  utAAert. ^BayretAory  PoJ tern  scBridye pp  .llercAant ‘  :/orj  Fad. yy.A/dwarA . yd.  SrAn  drew  yate yj.  CArift  BAurcA  ■ p8  B'Samy/onJ yy  JuA Aery  ate 60.  T'/urjday AfarAel fj  Sy  timer  gate /% .  fonyny  preet 6j  SrAfa  rtinj dp.Bi/d Fa/A  and L^Adayori)  Aoufe. 6 pi) a  in/  yate  ■ 66.SPdenJ 6 7. Swine  yate . 68.  BotArom  yate . dy.Sf Tfuiify j 70.  TAe  Bedern . 71.  A/on  A  Aar. 7*2.  SSAdavrice jy.AdonA  yate  A Bridye . ip.Peteryate . jy.Stoneyate . i Jo  die  Common  Council  of  't/e  /  '<///  of  York,  duo y> JO.  Orape  Lane  .  d%.hoothan  rat JJ. Lent/a/.  8j.  The  Mannar. j8.PiaAe  Street.  8/^BootAan 8yGii/y  tjafe . 8 6.  S Mary  -tjate 8j.S.c0tavc3  GAu 88.JewAuri/. Mint-yard. netr r  S?6Ue«r\ O.  S/i  Yem  en/j P.  STeterJ  eti  Arz  \ :  T4GZ/uyAeJ Q.  SrEcYn/are/j R.  The  JTof/rUai  , ofSiTVicAoi/U . S .  Aii/uzuen/d  inz --Fifierqate . .  T.S2 Seorae  • Y.  SSZc/etzj  e.r- ztirz  murod. "WSMndrewb  r zPriory . X.  S/Auftinj -.Priori/. \.  T/ie  FryarJ : Gar/ne/iteJ . Z.  The  G/wrc/i  o/ SfPeter  /e  iitt/e *srrmrMj  m B/aZe  /beet-  \ /rom  it  to  t/u J  Tffi. 8.  SYATaryeJ  r r  A  bin/. Qy.SiLeonarSj : zpo/pitai. .Vt.Thtfuppof'J fete.  oft/ieFo-. man  Tmperiai : :  Pa/axe  in  2/or  A. iE.T/ie  Giof  a/ t/ie  fat/ieeirai . i  F.  The  CAurcim \  Stffdin.. :  G.  S.Andrcn/j . H.  A l/Aai/arvb  : '  -Pea/hoZni. IS.foAn  eiei: PyAe . K.  SY Mary I  L  auertnorp . |L .Sf/oAti  in PfunyaLc . -  c  2  tn/Zt/ttt/lLJ  Tve/tofftufe} A.T/u  Nunnery  D.  T/t c  Fryae  'J  :  j at  CiementAorp  Preac/cra . ^  B.  Tie  Pr 'uny  r/  E.  The  AYuirei.  of.  j .  t/ieF'inity .  SC Grey  pry. %  CTAe  CiiurcAof  F.The  GAafyei of §/  S  Nic/utiad .  SiJamej . T/ie  Site  of  the  Sion  fiery  of  the Y  *  \  Ptyarj  Atfmorj  itnAnown  . ( it?/  pt'  York  . /J  partira/ariy  i/tjcnhet/  hy '  ‘  t/t  ttr  o/’/yta /tn/i/tf  jf/Ta/it  Francis  Drake .  ljyf. Chap.  VII.  'of  the  CITY  of  YORK,  24j cvolas  miln,  in  the  high  way  leading  to  Kexby.  And  from  that  crols  as  far  as  the  crojs  in the  ©rccnDytaS,  and  the  gallows  of  Sr.  Leonard.  Thence  to  the  wooden  crofs  in  the  wav which  leads  to  jflilfQJD  againft  £lgartf)fifee,  and  fo  extending  as  far  as  the  fpring  called VZtolm  Ml  diredly  to  the  water  ot  Oufe-,  where  the  citizens  of  York  have  a  common  of palture. Another  boundary  taken  anno  regni  reg.  II.  VI.  23. From  the  river  Oufe  on  the  north  as  far  as  a  certain  bridge  in  the  JFuCtwg,  called  in YngliJ/j  little  ing  -,  and  fo  extending  by  a.  ditch  and  a  moor,  againft  the  4mttdktudl,  by  a way  near  the  m.ll  of  the  abbot  of  St.  Mary’s  of  York  ;  arid  from  thence  to  fBauOlrnsfcittal in  the  highway  which  leads  from  the  city  of  York  to  Clyfton.  And  fo  to  the  mill  late  of John  Ilochtf ,  but  now  of  the  heirs  of  fir  William  Ingleby  knight.  And  from  thence  by  the  way to  the  gallows  of  the  abbot  of  St.  Alary's  aforefaid.  And  there  was  antiently  a  watero-ate  in the  outgang  which  leads  to  the  foreft  of  dBMxcs  to  a  certain  woodbridge  there.  And  fo  by the  moor  to  OlljitcdlatiV'Crcfs  upon  ^Srli  imggs.  And  fo  by  the  great  (tone  as  fir  as  the river  of  defeending  all  along, by  the  river  on  the  weft  fide  to  the  water-mills  of  the aforefaid  abbot. .  And  from  thence  beyond  the  river  b^FoJfe  over  againft  the  faid  mills  on the  fouth  extending  to  a  certain  place  where  a  crofs  of  wood  ftands  upon  Heworth  moor overagamft  the  way  which  leads  to  Stockton.  And  from  thence  againft  a  ftone-crofs  at  the weft  end  of  the  town  of  Heworth  to  SDljccf^tgg  as  far  as  the  ffregf.  And  fo  by  the  way as  far  as  the  crofs  in  the  way  which  leads  to  OJhaldwycke.  And  fo  proceeding  in  the  high¬ way  which  leads  to  Iicxby ,  overagainft  the  bridge  beyond  the  mill  of  Sr.  Nicholas.  ■  And  fo returning  from  the  faid  crofs  againft  the  faid  mill  by  the  way  leading  to  the  <2Brcen0Pt£c3  over againft  the  rlofe  of  the  hofpital  of  St.  Nicholas  aforefaid.  And  from  thence  to  a  crofs  in the  CtfrccnStliCS  overagainft  the  gallons  of  St.  Leonard.  And  thence  beyond  SrlniPrc,  by a  certain  way  leading  to  the  wooden  crofs  in  the  way  which  leads  to  Fulford ,  againft  IPalh flar£l)l\'kc  ;  and  and  fo  extending  diredly  to  the  river  of  Oufe-,  and  beyond  Oufe  as  far  as a  cert  . m  crofs  called  ^apDalc-crofS  in  the  way  leading  from  the  city  of  York  to  Bijhopthorn. And  from  thence  diredtly  beyond  the  fields  called  the  ^tUT'ficlDS  crofQng  &narcfmtce  to beyond  the  gallows  there  Handing  on  the  fouth  fide,  as  ftir  as  the  ourgano-  leading  to me  moor  which  is  called  i  and  from  thence  by  a  certain  rivulet  as  far  as  the bndge  at  Ilolgate  town  end,  defeending  thence  by  a  ditch  there  on  the  weft  to m  Bijhop -fields,  on  the  weft  fide  of  the  river  Oufe.  ~S  ’ Thislaft  boundary  was  rode  and  agreed  unto  dnnd  1637-,  upon  a  difference  then  com- promried  betwixt  the  city  ^and  the  dean  and  chapter  of  York ,  fiys  fir  Y.  W.  with  which adds  he,  I  was  then  acquainted;  More  antierit  boundaries  than  theft  may  be  found  in  the regifter  books  of  the  city,  letter  Y,  fol.  7.  letter  B,  fok  185,'  is?c. Bdore  I  enter  the  gates,  it  will  be  neceffary  to  mite  a  view  of  the  frhrh;  which  are  no ways  confiderable  at  prefent,  but  have  been,  if  the  author  in  Lelar.d\  colleblanea  may  be quoted,  ot  prodigious  extent;  infomuch  as  to  reach  to  feveral  villages  now  at  a  miles  di- ftance  from  the  city.  It  is  certain  that  they  were  of  much  greater  extent  than  at  prefenr, even  before  the  late  civil  wars.  Sir  T.  VC.  fays  they  amounted  to  a  fixth  part  of  the  city wherein  were  many  panda  churches,  many  fair  and  fubftantial  hodfes,  adds  he,  bur  all thefe  wereconfumed  to  aflies  with  fire  anno  1644.  I  have  been  informed,  by  good  autho¬ rity,  that  there  was  one  continued  ftreet  of  houfes  on  botli  Tides  from  Mic Uemte-bar  to  the •7 m'n\ ns  al»o  another  uniform  ftreet  from  Bootham-bhr  to  Clifton-,  likewife  a  loon-  courfte ol  houfes  out  of  Wal-mgate,  which  are  now  moft  of  them  vanifhed.  I  have  met  with  ihe names  of  feveral  ftreets  faid  to  lie  in  fuburbio  ewitatis  Ebor.  now  loft.  In  the  be-Annin"  of the  reign  of  Edward  III.  an  army  of  fixty  thoulimd  men  lay  at  York  for  lix  weeks  tooc- flad  ar  FrC'lt  Part  .°f,  £1'.s  l-,Qdy,  according  to  Froifart  (o),  were  quartered  in  the  fu- burbsof  the  city  All  this  is  evidence  enough  to  prove  their  great  extent,  but  as  I  mem tioned  the  liege  of  the  city  m  1644,  entirely  reduced  it  all  to  allies,  except  a  few  houfes out  ot  MMigat'  which  were  prelerved  from  deftruffion  by  the  royal  fort.  Since  that time  Of  carrying  on  a  reformation  by  fire  and  fword,  the  fuburbs  has  in  fome  nieafure  raifed ufelf,  which  I  Ihall  now  haften  to  deferibe  along  with  the  parida  churches,  monafteties, nolpitals,  t*.  which  were  antiently,  or  are  at  prefent,  to  be  feen  in  i't. (?)  Out  of  Mcklegate-bar  runs  a  fair  broad  ftreet  well  paved  oh  both  fides,  which  was this  year  carried  on  in  a  farther  pavement  for  coaches,  carriages,  £*.  beyond  the  Mount The  Mount  take  to  have  been  a  Roman  work  ;  and  antiently  ferved  for  an  exteriour  for- tification  to  the  city  on  this  fide,  as  I  have  elfewhere  noted.  In  the  late  civil  wars  it  alfo was  made  ufe  of  as  an  outwork  ;  and  commanded  the  road  from  Tadcafier  to  the  city  On the  eaft  fide  this  flood  formerly  the  chapel  of  St.  James ,  remarkable  for  being  the  place „  ,  , from  which  the  archbifhops  of  York  begun  their  walk  on  foot  to  the  cathedral,  at  their  in-cV«“‘!  ? thronization  i  the  doth  which  was  fpread  all  the  way  for  that  purpofe  being  afterwards  given to  the  poor  (?).  This  being  a  chantry  chapel  it  fell  at  the  fuppreflion.  The  kill:  part  of h“  ■  c  ,  -  r  c  r  ■  °f  of  rrf.  mai,  of  M ;  but  it  was tfJLH.md  lays  theie  was  a  foundation  of  an  hofpi-  never  finilhed.  Ltl. al  hard  without  the  very  lide  of  Michlesui,  of  the  crec-  (q)  The  dean  and  chapter  met  the  archbifliop  here R  r  r  the Suburbs. Tire  Spit  a  i. of  St.  Ca¬ therine. The  Hospi¬ tal  of  St. Thomas. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES Book  I. ts. “S”“„  Ks«ss^^sau.*f*^  iwN.f-. ,  •  ’,  r  ’  ,,  or  foittic  is  contrafted  from  hofpita! ;  and  was  an  houie to  explain  this  fof  aH.  ’j  0Pr  p  fgrims>  who  could  not  afford  to  pay  tor  lodgings of  entcminment  for  poor  "  a^g  iac’ed,  extra  mures,  on  the  fide  of  the  h.gh “ /a  rj'tMs  wa  1  "  of  tha/lid.  it  is  kept  up  and  repaired  from  time  to ti^kt  die  "expence  for  an  habitation  for  a  few  poor  widows,  but  ,s  now  hardly worth  mentioning  on  account  of  a  nob,er  foundation  ,  and  is  a  large none  buS  yet  Handing  bounded  on  the  weft  by  a  lane  antiently  called MnD^Ss  cieatonin  the  Bodies  library  v.  tag,  M-  ^  »  this  account  of  this matter  ami  fix  fr lefts  called  the  keepers  of  the, faid  gild  Which  mafer  and  keepers  he StfaZirSl  the  city  of  York,  yerelylhe  FrycLy  after  Corpus  Chr, ft, a  fa  ■  se  mafs  and  dirige  to  pray  rotbet  s ^al fifullyyingf and  the  fouls  departed  10 ^d  hurtb^^tbey^o  fnd  ^/j^^d^for^poor^pea- Xb^lftru^ld^e  ^r  llaZ  keep  the  aid  beds  by the  yere  xiiir.  Wd.  And  Juice 2fe&Lffy^  i;  the  Chilly  of  the  fethren andjfters Further  the  faid  guild  -ocas  never  charged  with  the  payments  of  firfi  fruit  s  and  tenths. Clarhave'feenand  perufed  the  book  of  the  antient  ftatutes  of  this  fraternity,  with  an  in- To'thefe^s'addoTan'  exaft  regTftTof  ail  The  mafterfJd  Teep'cts  rf“hU  S^h  the yeareSi4o8a^totil546ret^ByrthUdiTappearsiathrtethou^ItthL0gi1lD  waTonlTi'ncorpora^d  by year  140!,,  to  1540.  cy  s  vr  .  heoun  in  the  city  fome  years before  ^asTppears1' bf  thTtitb"  ofiheir  ftatu'tes, '  visa.  Liber  ordinal, onis fratemilatis  corporis ^  capellanos  ct  alias  honejtas  ferfinas. ,  tarn  feculares  .uam  regular, AsrJSr  ^ hiftory  of  the  old  and  new  teftament  was  the Tubjeft  they  wen,  Many  ^  ^  Qr_ prefented  lome  particular  part,  and  fpoke  f  *  regulation  of  this  religious  ce- ders  and  ordinances  in  the  city  s  regifteis  about  ®  .  r  ri,e  veir  I0/-0  and remony,  which  was  find  inftituted,  I  find  by  pope  Urban  IV  about  the £»£«5°. was  to  be  celebrated  each  year  on  the  Tburfday  after  ^tnityfmday  For  the  reader  s&uf faftion  I  have  placed  the  manner  that  ft H was  a  piece  of  religious  pageantry  much  ette.med  in  Join,  is  c acted  till  the  twenty  fixth  year  of  queen  Elizabeth  m  this  city fs). tation.  Or  clfc  yearly  with  the  like  devotion  vifit  perfonally  the  c  y  Cows or  within  eight  days  after  •,  when  in  great  proceffion  the  gloriou  y nourably  placed  on  the  fhrine  and  carried  about. E.  Ill tal 1  their  formalities,  whom  after  they  had  fprinkled  with ily  water  and  thurityed,  he  then  put  off  his  fhocs id  lo  proceeded  thence  barefoot  to  the  minder,  being tended  by  the  clergy  and  people.  Mr.  Torre. (r)  This  extra#  from  Dodfrorth  is  printed  in  the  firft f  the  additional  volumes  to  the  Monafiicm.  Amongd  ...  » *  records  in  the  wm  snr  many  charters  and  grants  houfe  , dating  to  this  fraternity.  It  appears  by  thefe  that  this  (  ) llD  was  much  older  than  Henry  VI.  For  by  pat.  4f. ,,  p  *  m  this  giiD  was  converted  into  an  hofpi- ta,.  whenVunuc-nmellhancs,  liacn  d:oF  and  veen  c tent  in  the  city  and  fnburbs  were  confirmed  to  it.  See jl<f,rOtyrccords.  fee  the  tffn&t.  See  a’.fo  their  feal the  print  of  antient  feals  belonging  to  religious This Chap.  VII. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. .  -  -  i 4? This  fraternity,  fubfiftma  chiefly  on  the  annual  charity  collected  at  the  proceffion,  andSunuims having  little  lands,  it  flood  till  the  third  of  Edward  VI.  when  an  order  was  made  that  the lord-mayor,  for  the  time  being,  fliould  be  choien  yearly  mafter  of  the  laid  hofpital  and the  poor  folks  and  beds  were  to  be  maintained,  found  and  ufed  in  the  hofpital,  as  before time  had  been  accuftomed  (u).  r  ■  ■ September  zg,  1583.  an  order  of  council  was  made,  that  Mr.  recorder  (Wiliam  Hilyayd efqun  e)  Mr.  AJkwitb  and  Mr.  Robinfon  aldermen,  and  Mr.  Belt  with  proper  attornies  Ihould go  to  Nayburn  and  take  poffcffion  of  the  lands  there,  and  in  Stainforth-bridge  and  Butter- cram  belonging  to  St  nomas’s  hofpital,  and  parcel  of  the  late  gtlD  of  Cojpttt  Cfctltt,  ac¬ cording  to  .1  deed  made  by  William  Marjh  of  London  efquire  and  Waller  Plummer  citizen and  mercbant-taylor  of  London  to  the  faid  recorder ,  AJkwitb  mi  Belt,  with  a  letter  of  attor¬ ney  in  the  fame  deed. I  find  alfo  that  m  the  year  1598,  the  land  rents  received  by  the  city  belonging  to  this hofpital  amounted  to  xxxm /.  vis.  iid.  (x)  *  5  &  u l  here  is  in  this  hofpital  bed-rooms  for  twenty  four  poor  people,  and  fo  many  has  fome time  been  therein  ;  but  now,  fays  my  authority,  this  year  1683,  there  are  but  ten  poor  wi- clows  and  no  more  (y).  r a  remarkably,  good  houfes  out  of  this  gate ;  the  beft  is  a  lame,  old brick  building  near  this  hofpital,  which  has  bore,  for  fome  years  la  ft  paft,  the  name  0fNuNNERV- the  A 'turnery.  This  occafioned  fome  dilafter  to  it  at  the  Revolution  ;  but  was  really  then as  now  no  more  than  a  boarding  fchool  for  young  ladies  of  Roman  catholick  families’ without  being  enjoined  any  other  reftnftions  than  common.  The  file,  the  gardens,  and agreeable  walks  beyond  it,  making  it  very  convenient  for  that  purpofe. ut  in  the  fields  to  the  fouth  eaft  of  this,  down  a  lane  called  heggargate-lane .  near  Skrf-  , dergatc  poftern,  flood  once  a  real  nunnery  of  Beneditliucs ,  dedicated  to  St.  Clement  the  popst** pait  ol-  the  ruins  of  the  church  are  yet  ftanding.  *  mInt  ‘^LEj It  appears  by  records  that  Thurftan  archbilhop  of  Tork,  in  the  reign  of  king  Henry  I  ''L'" anno  1145,  granted  to  God,  St.  Clement,  and  to  the  nuns  there,  fervi.ng  God,  in  pureanci perpetual  alms,  the  place  wherein  this  monaftery  with  other  buildings  of  the  (aid  nuns  were erected.  I  ogether  with  two  carucats  of  land  in  the  fubtxrbs  of  Tork  ;  twenty  (hilling.,  an- nud  rent  iffuing  out  of  his  fair  in  Tork,  £*.  This  was  confirmed  by  the  dean  and  chapter  of (z)  Anno  izSy,  Nicholas  Poteman  of  Clcmenthorp ,  fon  of  Adam,  granted  unto  Arnes pnoreis  of  St.  Clements ,  and  to  the  nuns  there  for  a  corody  in  the  faid  houfe,  two  meffuan-es m  Clemcntfjojpe,  with  a  toft  and  a  croft,  and  half  an  acre  of  land. Likewife  Bartholomew,  the  chaplain,  gave  to  God  and  the  church  of  St.  Clements  and the  nuns  thereof,  one  meffuage  in  eicmcntljojpc,  rendrjng  yearly  to  the  archbilhop  the  lent of  three  (hillings,  two  hens  and  one  pair  of  white  gloves. (a)  Alfo  Gilbert  Fitz-Nigel  gave  to  them  all  that  meadow  which  lies  beneath  the  nunne- iy  ;  rendrmgyw  annum  twelve  fhillings.  Mon.  Ang.  i.  p.  51 1. And  Hugh  Murdac ^  archdeacon  of  Cleaveland,  granted  to  God  and  the  nuns  of  St  Cle. inent  the  moiety  of  his  land  m  Clementhorp,  which  lies  under  their  garden  towards  Bjfr which  he  held  of  the  fee  of  the  archbilhop. William  Malefours  granted  to  them  his  land  with  all  the  buildings  upon  Bychehill. John  de  Gothclande  chaplain,  gave  to  the  priorefs  and  nuns  of  St.  Clemen? %  emht  Phil- lings  annual  rent  out  of  two  /hops  in  0 IatmWiff;°f  rhfT  Ca'fn[er  de  Aldburgh,  granted  to  them  all  her  land  in leSkingJP  dmg  ffom  the  kln§ s  hl§h™y  “  &r  as  the  ditch  ;  regdring  IjafaaUc  to Thurftan  archbifhop  jof  Tork  gave  to  them  one  oxgang  of  land  in  JsaUraac,  alfo  the ferv.ee  of  William  de  Mala -opera,  and  fix  fhillings  and  eight  pence  annual  rem.  Mon. -Ting.  I.  p.  ^10. °f  la,'d  "  t0SEther  Wkh  ChC Rydalmi  Eda  his  wife  gave  them  two  oxgang  of  land  more  in  ©hmffoit. j d‘  SJ“Vely  gr3ntcd  “  thefe  nuns  the  advOwfon  and  appropriation  of  the  church  of flPtfort,  and  two  oxgang  of  land  there,  idem. William  FoJJard  jun.  gave  them  all  his  land  in  Sgimtljatc.  idem cglVe  them  a,"  his  Iand  SPHIlScatO,  extending  in  length  from  mitd Welle  to  jaofeDtolle  with  common  of  pafture. Alfo  Thomas  Malefours  gave  them  one  oxgang  of  land  in  cl5dcfoiD. ft Ebor.  A.  154.9.. (xy  Ex  MS.  penes  me. (  y )  In  riie  drawer  numb. >4.  council  chamber,  Onfe- are  c?Pies  of  grants  of  feveral  gardens  belone- jng  to  St.  Thomas’s  hofpital  in  Beggar  gate. (z)  T.x  chart,  orig. W  N»w  called  Nm-iog,.  N.  B.  All  thefe  charted, or  grants,  which  are  not  marked  to1  be  ex  traded  froriV  i the  Monafltcon,  are  taken  from  the  originals  themfelves, yet  prelerved  in  Tork. ! Thurftan 148 Suborbs. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. Thurjlan  archbifhop  gave  them  five  fhillings  out  of  the  tithe  of  his  miln  in  Sponitfoil  in Mon.  An g.  1.  p.511. Ralph  de  Amundevile  granted  to  this  nunnery  halt  a  mark  in  filver  out  of  his  miln  at Prejlon  in  Craven,  idem. Archbifhop  Thurjlan  gave  them  one  acre  of  land  in  with  the  tithe  of  a  certain miln  there,  idem  510. Thurjlan  archbifhop  gave  them  fix  perches  of  land  in  ^uDcfBellc,  lying  m  IBuctjeljill, to  build  them  a  houfe  for  to  lodge  in  •,  and  three  fhillings  rent  out  of  a  certain  miln,  the tithes  of  another  miln,  likewife  four  other  milns  there,  idem. Alexander  de  Rieval  gave  them  forty  acres  of  land  in  the  territory  of  £>arton,  and  ten ihillings  yearly  rent.  idem. Anno  dom.  1 304,  Henry  Lacy  earl  of  Lincoln  granted  to  the  priorefs  and  nuns  hereof,  fix perches  of  moor-ground  in  ;Jnglc*mC0TUiat:ft)  juxta  ^VDpnflcEt. And  William  de  Percy  gave  them  other  fix  perches  of  moor  in  ^nglc-mco;. On  the  ides  of  November  1269,  IV.  Gijfard  archbifhop  of  Tork  granted  to  thefe  nuns of  St.  Clement's  the  appropriation  of  the  church  of  SDIjOJp  fuper  Clfc,  and  ordained  a  vica- ridge  out  of  the  fame  (b). Nicholas  Potman  of  Clementhorp  gave  them  the  fourth  part  of  an  oxgang  in  STljtr.p* Sg)allclJp0>  containing  fix  acres. Archbifhop  Thurjlan  gave  them  the  tithes  of  an  orchard  and  two  milns  in  Milton.  Men. Ang.  p.510. Peter  Percy  grants  to  thefe  nuns  a  fpot  of  ground  oppolite  to  their  gate. In  the  additio¬ nal  volumes  to  the  Monajlicon. Nicholas  the  fon  of  Ernijius  ad  barram  de  Walmgate ,  alfo  gives  lands,  &c.  in  Mat  ill; 33  j\‘u  thefe  grants  were  confirmed  by  king  Edward  III.  in  the  firft  year  of  his  reign  it  Tort Cart,  i  Ed.  III.  n.  44.  Mon.  Ang.  51 1. Anno  1192,  Geofry  archbifhop  of  York  gave  this  monaftery  of  St.  Clement's  to  the  abbey  of Godejlow  ;  but  the  nuns  here,  who  had  from  their  foundation  been  always  in  their  own choice,  refufed  to  obey  the  order,  and  appealed  to  the  pope-,  ( c )  and  Alicia ,  then  priorefs, went  to  Rome  for  that  purpofe.  Notwithibmding  which,  the  archbifhop,  fetting  at  nought the  appeal,  excommunicated  the  whole  fifterhood. A  CATAL  OGUE  of  fome  of  the  PRIORESSES  of  St.  CLEMENT’S. An 1192.  Alicia. 1 2  80.  Agnes  de  fVyten Prioreffae. Vacat. Autoritat. Steven 's  Mon.  v.  2, p.217. Mr.  Torre. idem. idem. idem. idem. idem. idem. idem. idem. Value  at  thefuppreffion S5l.iis.11d.  Dug. 1315.  Dom"5  Conjlantia  Bafy  Monia- lis  domus. 1316.  Dom"1  Agnes  de  Methley.  per  cejfion. Dom"1  Alicia  Lahenham.  per  mort. 1396.  Domnl  Beatrix  de  Remington. Monialis  domus. Dom'1  Margareta  de  Holtby.  per  refig. Domnl  Margareta  de  la  Ryver.  per  mort. 1489.  Dom"1  Ifabellade  Lancajlre. 1515.  Dom"1  Margareta  Carre  Mo-  per  mort. nialis  domus. 1 5 1 6.  Dom"1  Margareta  Franklayne Monialis  domus. (d)  Mr.  Willis  mentions  Ifabel  Ward  as  the  laft  priorefs,  who  furrendring  up  the  nun- nery  to  kino  Henry  VIII.  had  a  penfion  of  fix  pound  thirteen  fhillings  and  tour  pence  per Parilh  Church. amum  allowed  he'r.  Tire  church  belonging  to  this  nunnery  was  very  antiently  parochial ; and  was  together  with  the  inhabitants  and  parifhioners  appropriated  to  thepnorels  and  con¬ vent  of  the  houfe  of  St.  Clement juxta  Ebor.  To  which  priory  July  12,  1464.  licence  was granted  to  tranflate  the  feaft  of  dedication  of  the  faid  parifh  church  from  the  tealt  day  01 St.  William  yearly,  unto  the  Sunday  next  after  the  feaft  of  St.  Peter  and  Sc.  Paul ;  becaule the  parilhioners  of  this  church,  of  both  fexes,  were  wont  to  run  to  the  cathedral  in.  great numbers  in  the  feaft  of  Sc.  William,  and  leave  their  faid  parifh  church  on  that  day  empey. Thischurch  continued  to  be  parochial,  till  anno  1585,  it  was  by  authority  of  the  itatute made  by  the  firft  of  Edward  VI.  united  to  Sc.  Mary’s,  Bijhop-hill  the  elder,  along  with  its parifh  of  Middlethorp,  &c. It  appears  by  thefe  grants  and  the  name  of  the  place,  Ef)0?|)C,  commonly  called  Celt ITOnTE!)OipC>  that  here  was  a  confiderable  village  formerly ;  but  now,  except  the  miler- li )  Ex  MS.  Torre,  f.z 7.  Hearnc.  P  73z-  , (r)  Lelandi  fell.  3-  >  ?zo.  Chrcn.  Benedict  abb.  til.  (<0  tVillu  on  abbies. Clement- Thorpe. able *49 Suburbs. 1730. Chap.VII.  bf  the  CITY  of  YORK. ruble  ruin  ol  tile  church,  there  are  not  above  two  lioufes.  In  making  the  works  for  ren- tirmg  the  river  Oufe  more  navigable,  a  large  foundation  of  AJhler  ftone  was  dug  out  of  the banks,  which  hid  probably  been  a  key  ovftaitb,  belonging  to  this  nunnery.  Thefe  ftones being  often  feen  at  low  water,  have  been  miftaken  for  the  foundations  of  a  bridge  here  • whic.i  the  ground  on  the  other  fide  gives  no  fuch  teftimony  of. J  herc  t>einS  nothing  remarkable  in  the  fuburbs  on  the  north  of  Micklegate-bar ,  I  fhall pals  the  river  at  the  ferry  out  of  Skeldergate  poftern,  where  I  have  the  pleafure  to  land  on the  oppofite  fide  at  a  fine  walk  madea  year  or  two  ago  at  the  expenceofthe  city.  It  runs  Long  Walk paraliel  with  the  river  on  a  piece  ot  ground  called  St.  George’s  clofe  •,  and  doubtlefs  did  be¬ long  to  the  chapel  of  that  name  which  Hands  near  it.  It  is  now  in  the  city’s  hands,  and  is ot  lingular  ufe  to  the  good  women  of  the  town  for  drying  linen,  (Ac.  The  city  from  this ,  majces  handlome  a  view  that  I  chofe  to  prefent  the  reader  with  a  print  of  it.  This walk,  lo  much  conducing  to  the  entertainment  and  health  of  the  gentry  and  citizens  in  fine weather,  was  principally  obtained,  planted  and  laid  out,  under  the  care  of  that  worthy  zea- Jous  citizen,  and  commoner,  Mr.  "John  Marfden  apothecary. Contiguous  to  this  piece  of  ground  flood  St.  George’s  chapel,  and  Caftle-milns.  The  cha-  gt  Gronort pel  ol  St.  George  betwixt  Fofs  and  Oufe,  was  endowed  with  one  melfuage  and  one  acre  of  land  Chapel. ill  Stamford,  late  William  Baftou’s.  In  Cart,  anno  19  Ric.  II.  m.  7.  and  Efcb.  anno  46  Ed  III ttt5'  lsan  ‘"qmfition  of  certain  lands  and  rents  belonging  to  thischapel,  Etch,  anno  20' Ed.  Ill  mm  68  whether  a  piece  of  land  called  the  flolm  lying  betwixt  the  cattle  and  the river  Oufe  do  belong  to  the  faid  chapel  or  the  city  (r).  The  foundations  of  this  chapel, which  now  lupport  a  dwelling  houfe,  are  very  ftrong ;  the  frequent  inundations  of  the  rivers requiring  it.  Being  put  upon  the  foot  of  a  chantry  chapel ,  it  was  fupprefs’d  with  the  reft. Here  was  a  «UD,  brotherhood,  or  fraternity,  ettablifhed,  called  the  fellowfhip  of  St.  George; 'or_L“  l  ^ a‘ '  tien.Yl.  p.  2.  m.  7.  licence  was  given  for  the  founding  of  it. ,  1  ,  W^Cr  n,l'!ls  here  fir  ^  ^  wriles  thus,  before  the  building  of  the  mills  which  are  now Castl« caked  the  caftle  mills,  which  is  not  many  years fince  as  1  have  heard,  the  place  where  the  mills  are  Micks. was  a  fair  green,  and  the  only  pajf age  from  Fifherga  te  poftern  to  the  caftle,  and  it  was  formerly  a place  ujedjor pooling,  bowling  and  other  recreations,  and  although  now,  only  occafmed  by  the  dam it  Jeems  a  great  fofs,  yet  it  is  often  dry  in  the  fnmmer  time. How  this  account  agrees  with  the  prefent  appearance  of  this  ground,  I  leave  to  any  one that  views  it.  The  dam-heads  that  flop  the  water  for  the  ufe  of  the  milns,  feem  by  their ttrength  and  manner  of  building,  to  have  been  much  older  than  fir  T.  writes  of.  For  my part  1  believe  there  have  been  milns  here  fome  hundreds  of  years,  and  fir  Thomas  himfelf  in his  next  paragraph  partly  proves  it. m  tbe  f 01  ftb7  °/Edw.  I.  it  is  found  by  inquifition  that  the  templars  had  a  miln  near  the  ca- JUe  of  York,  'which  after  belonged  to  the  kings  of  England.  In  the  reign  of  Edw.  II.  thefe milns  were  let  by  leafe  for  forty  marks  a  year,  which  argues  them  of  confiderable  value  (tr) In  an  old  grant,  fans  dale ,  in  the  regiftcr  of  the  abby  of  Fountains ,  the  ground  is  de- lcnbed  to  lye  betwixt  the  caftle  milns  on  one  hand,  and  the  ground  belonging  to  this  abby on  the  other.  And  though  this  grant  be  without  date,  nor  can  I  aftign  one  to  it  by  the w undies  names,  yet  its  being  fet  at  the  head  of  their  poifeffions  in  York,  makes  me  judge  ic to  be  01  great  antiquity.  J  a Thefe  nulns  were  granted  from  the  crown,  but  when  I  know  not,  and  came  at  laft  to  be lettled  upon  an  hofpital  in  Hejlington ;  built  and  endowed  by  fir  .Thomas  Hefketh ;  the  foun¬ dation  deed  is  amongft  the  city’s  records  on  Oufe-bridge. In  the  road  to  Fulforth  from  hence,  in  a  place  now  called  Slone-wall-clofe,  flood  once  theSt-ANDnuvr's priory  ot  St.  Andrew  ;  founded,  aH.1202,  by  Hugh  Murdac-,  who  granted  and  confirmed,  PRI0Rlr' in  perpetual  alms,  to  God  and  to  the  twelve  canons,  of  the  order  of  Scmpringham,  fervino- God,  at  St.  Andrews  m  Fijher-gate  Ebor.  the  church  of  the  fame  place,  with  lands  adjacent Alio  the  rent  of  twenty  one  marks  iffuing  out  of  certain  houfes  in  Fork.  And  twenty  fix mm  ks  for  the  rent  of  eleven  marks  and  five  (hillings.  Likewife  the  lands  at  $ho:p,  and (BuDcmittnm  (b).  y Adam  Albus  gave  them  twelve  (hillings  rent  out  of  his  land  in  the  pariih  of  St.  ILaumire in  ©Hlaiingafc  weftward(7). On  the  feaft  of  St.  Laurence,  an.  Bom.  1202.  the  dean  and  chapter  of  York,  by  their deed,  granted  to  the  prior  and  convent  of  St.  Andrews,  the  rent  of  the  two  carucats  of  land in  the  town  of  Cafoe,  which  belonged  to  their  common',  in  exchange  for  certain  lands  lvin°- before  the  weft  door  of  the  minjler  in  York  *  ‘  0 (c)  Sir  T.  IV.  commijjioad  inquirend.  Pat.  32.  Ed.  III. p-  1 .  m.  24.  dorfo. (f)  Inter  record,  in  thefaur.  recept.fcaccar .  in  cuflodia  com- t(Aj]ionariorum  ah'  camerariorum  ibidem. (g)  Molendina  regis  fubtus  caftrum  concejf.  Nichol.  L.  pro ‘ff’,  annor-  r?dd.  inde  per  am.  xl.  marcas.  Fin.  17 Ed.  III.  m.  2. (b)  Ebor.  Prior  S.  Andreae  de  ii  toft  is.  i  moltnd.  xv  bo- fat.  xvi  aeras  ah'  i.  rod  urn  terrat,  ii  cttrruc.  prati  ah'  vi  /. reddic.  in  fcyrbby  in  CtytatanD,  SDromonbby,  £)to- beQe,  IlSusfcbC,  &  quorum  de  Jo.  de  Eure.  Pat. Ed.  III.  p.  1 .  m.  5.  Ebor.  Monajl.  S.  Andreae  ibidem  de ordine  «5cmplmgham  pro  libsrt.  &c.  carta  ampin. Pat.  3  Ed.  IV.  p.  3.  m.  14. (i)  Ex  chart  a  origin. *  Mon.  Ang.  Vol.  II.  f.  808. Sff This 25° SuBU  RBS. Church  of Sr-  Elene extra  muros. At  l-Saints The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. This  priory  of  St.  Andrew  had  given  it  one  carucate  and  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  Cparffon which  were  held  by  the  rent  of  thirteen  pence. (k)  The  fite  of  this  priory,  as  Leland  remarks  is  right  againft  the  nunnery  of  St.  Clement ; which  Iras  criven  rife  for  a  ridiculous  notion  that  there  was  a  fubterraneous  paffage  and  cora- municationbetwixt  them.  But  thefe  idle  (lories  are  common  to  many  other  fuch  places.  The order  of  Sempringbam  was  that  of  St.  Gilbert ,  and  this  priory  was  furrendred  the  28“  of  No¬ vember  1538,  by  the  priorand  three  monks  only,  fays  Heylin  ;  but  the  furrender  runs  in  ge¬ neral  terms,  by  the  confent  of  the  whole  brotherhood ,  as  the  red  of  them  do  (if  The  value  at the  diflolution  was  47/.  14s.  3  d.  1  Dltgdeile,  57/.  5/.  9  d.  Speed.  See  the  Seal. The  (Ireet,  as  well  within  the  old  gate  as  without,  is  called  Fijher-gale.  And  near  the further  wind-mill  where  fome  (lone  coffins  have  been  lately  dug.  Hood  once  the  pariffi  church of  St.  Clcnc  or  St.  Hellen.  This  was  an  ancient  reftory  in  the  patronage  of  the  prior  and convent  of  St.  Trinity  in  York-,  from  the  firft  foundation  of  that  monaftery.  Mr.  Torre  has given  us  a  catalogue  ot  the  redtors  of  this  church,  as  alio  fome  teftamentary  bun  ds  ;  which I  (hall  omit.  This  church  was  united  to  St.  Laurence,  anno  1585. Here  was  another  church,  extra  muros ,  this  was  called  the  pariffi  church  of  All-Saints  in Fishes-  Fijher-gate ;  but  where  it  Hood  I  know  not.  It  was  a  very  ancient  rectory,  fo  old  as  to  be CATE.  gjy(,n  by  king  ffniliam  Rufus  to  the  abbefs  and  convent  of  Whitby  ;  upon  condition  that  the monks  there  ffiould  pray  for  him  and  his  heirs  (m). Mays,  1431.  Robert  Wederfell  Cap.  made  his  tellament  proved  May  if  1431,  where¬ by  he  gave  his  foul  to  God  almighty  St.  Mary  and  All-Saints  And  his  body  to  be  bulled in  the  church  of  All-Saints  in  Ftjher-gate  without  the  city  walls  of  York. Asm. hall  Higher  up  in  thefe  fuburbs,  nearer  Walmgate-bar,  (lands  a  dwelling-houfe  which  is  cal¬ led  now  ailiSsljaU.  This  name  gives  reafon  to  fuppofe  that  here  was  a  building  formerly  in which  the  itinerant  judges  held  their  affixes,  before  they  were  admitted  into  the  caille.  1  ra- dition  alfo  informs  us,  that  they  lodged  in  the  priory  of  St.  Andrew  aforefald  during  their (lay.  Sir  T.  IV.  is  wholy  filent  as  to  this,  nor  can  I  get  any  further  light  into  it,  the  wri¬ tings  which  die  prefent  poffeffor  has  to  (hew  makes  mention  of  no  fuch  thing  ■,  but  they,  in¬ deed,  are  modern  (n).  , ,  ,  ... We  come  now  to  a  (Ireet  leading  from  IValmgate-bar ,  which  is  fair  and  broad,  and  is  the road  to  Hull ,  Burlington ,  &c.  I  find  that  the  ancient  name  of  this  (Ireet  was  called  Wat* linsatc  (of  which  bears  a  plain  allufion  to  a  Roman  road.  And  here  it  mud  be  that  thole roads  bevun,  which  lead  to  the  Humber,  and  fome  of  the  ports  on  the  German  ocean.  At the  end  of  this  (Ireet,  which  has  lately  been  paved  with  a  noble  broad  caufeway,  by  the  care of  John  Stain-worth ,  efq;  then  lord-mayor,  and  which  a  (lone  pillar  there  bears  teftimony  of, was  fituated  the s  n.cholas  Hofpital,  and  pariffi  church  of  St.  Nicholas.  The  church  was  parochial,  an  ancient  re- Hospital  ftory,  and  had  Grimftone,  fcfr.  in  its  dUlrift.  The  pile  was  quite  ruined  in  the  flege  of ind C nunc!!. Pork  anno  1644,  and  never  rebuilt.  It  has  been  a  noble  itrufture  as  appears  by  pair  ot  die tower  yet  (landing;  and  the  ancient  porch  of  it,  which  is  now  put  up  in  St.  Margaret’s church  in  Walmgate.  The  three  bells  belonging  to  this  church  were  taken  down  by  the  lol- diers  in  the  aforementioned  fiege  in  order  to  cad  into  cannon  ;  but  the  lord  Fairfax  preven¬ ted  it.  They  were  fince,  viz.  1653,  hung  up  in  St.  John’s  church,  Oufe-bndge  end,  being the  Iargeft  there.  .  .  ... The  hofpital  to  whom  this  church  was  appurtenant  was  of  royal  foundation,  though  it  is not  fo  mentioned  in  Dugdale ;  being  of  the  patronage  of  the  kings  ot  England. (p)  July  4,  1303.  William  de  Grenefeld ,  lord  high  chancellor  ot  England ,  in  a  royal  vib¬ ration,  ordained  certain  orders  and  ftatutes  for  the  well  governance  ot  this  houfe-,  which confifted  of  a  feled  number  of  both  fexes.  Thefe  being  to  be  met  with  in  the  Monajhcon  ( q), and  in  the  Englijh  abridgment,  are  unneceffary  here,  nor  fhall  I  mention  more  than  what  hr <T.  W.  remarks,  that  anno  3  Ed.  I.  Efcheat.  there  is  an  inquifition  of  a  carucate  ot  land granted  to  them  by  Maud  the  emprefs,  upon  this  condition ;  that  the  brethren  of  the  laid hofpital,  for  ever,  fhould  find  to  all  lepers,  which  fliould  come  to  the  faid  hofpital  in  the  vi¬ gils  of  the  apottles  Peter  and  Paul ,  thefe  victuals,  that  is  to  fay,  Bread  with  Butler ,  Salmon , Cheefe.  .  , Where  the  learned  knight  got  his  bread  and  butter,  &c.  from,  I  know  not ;  1  took:  the pains  to  extract  the  inquifition  from  the  records  in  the  tower,  and  there  is  no  mention  made of  any  fuch  thing.  The  reader  will  find  it  at  large  in  the  appendix. Valued  at  the  fupprefiion  at  29/.  n.  4  d.  Dugd. (I/)  The  prefen;  pofidTor  of  the  ground  is  the  reve¬ rend  Mr.  Fairfax. (l)  Johannes  Leppington,  prior  domus  five  prior atus S.  Andreae  apofi.  prepe  muros  civitatis  Ebor.  in  com.  ejuf- dem,  &  convent  us,  unanlmi  ajfenfii  &•  confenfu,  cc-  redd, in  manum  regis  diclam  domum,  &c.  Dae.  in  domo  noflra capitulari  vicefimo  octavo  die  menfis  Novembris  anno  regni regis  Hen.VllI.  30.  Clauf.  30  Hen.  VIII.  pars  4.  num.70. (m)  Mon.  /lhg.  vol  1.75.  MS.  Torre,  f.  493. (n)  Temp.  Car.  I.  it  is  called  in  thefe  writings  the Ace  houfe,  in  Foulforth  liberty,  with  a  circumflex,  or note  ot'  abbreviation,  over  it.  C.  Baldock,  York,  the  pre¬ fent  poflcfTor. Co)  Lclandi  coll.  Vide  annul .  fub  anno  132S. (  p  )  Exhibit,  in  vlfit.  ijlius  hofpital.  per  Wm.de  Grcnc- feld  Jummum  cancellar.  Angliae  recit.  ejl  quod  fundat  erat per  praedeceffores  Ed.  primi.  Confirm,  ampla  ordin.  flatut. cart,  liber  tat.  et  donat.  Pat.  21  ICic.  II.  p.  I.  tn.  31.  in jurre  London. fq)  Mon.  y1ng.vul.il.  f.  470. Near Chap.  VII. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. tft 'f'"  °rnCbiS  3nckni  P‘.'e  ,yCS  3  §rave-ft°ne>  on  the  marble  of  which  a  prfeft  is  Su.vr.i delineated  m  his  veftment,  with  the  chalice,  and  round'  it  this  infcription,  '  P (r)  IL'Y  CIST  SIR  RICHARD  DA  5RKQSTON  IADYS  D6  STII  YNPFI  cTr PARSON  DI6U  LUI  FAIT  cpeRPT  fcT  PARDON;  ACPCN  * ^ In  turning  over  the  rubbilh  of  the  old  building  this  year,  for  the  reparation  of  the  m./l "CTFI  evt7me°whh!  Wh,W  with  this  ^ripJn,  in  the  cleaned,  deeped  black  let ^fih/a  aim  ®lcccS««r°,0"iS  l(Iiu3  m  obit t  rt.  Die  menfe jtittt  a  .writ,  spcccci Lmm3-  Ctijtts  amme  pjopitictuc  ©etts.  amm. theftree!"  ThLtalt f„ ^  oriF  fide  of s  grasisws* b'  *l&  44s  sTzist’^Esr h^-ch  at  the  annual  rentot  thirty  marks  In  which  this  church  of St at  gl.  13  s.  4h.  At  this  rent  it  has  fince  been  leafed  for  term  of  years November  n.  26  Eliz.  to  Thomas  Harrifon. March  27.  18  Jac.  to  fir  Rand,  Crew. November  1 1.  7  Car.  I.  to  Thomas  Hejketh  efq; JV*  V'carage  T  h.ere  ordal'ned-  and  the  vicar  was  endowed  with  the  whole  alter, ae paying  out  of  it  to  the  chapter  of  York  twenty  fhillino-s  ter  an  And  oil  n  r a  c  ^  ’ Cluirch  the  canon  reftdentiary  had  for  the  rentV  twenty  mar£  ""  ^  ^  ^  °f  lhe ^Tbar  WaS  UnitCd  t0  thi50fSt-  L“«^ce-  OR.  Church  of with  the^oblations  of  tl^^nhabtwnts Tiereo^'wefe^tirely^o-rant^  to^th^vica  ^f  s  Par’dlSt'r>iltI!”I:I' convent"^/ hen- fucceffors  for  ever  ;  paying  the  annual  penfion  of  xiii  1.  iv  d  to‘’the°  prior  "and convent  of  Kptliftam  in  recompence  of  the  fubftraction  of  thofe  tythes  and  oblation^ chantjer7S"r^0P  ^  an2  bi(hoP' °f  arbitrators  between  the  dean  and chapter  ot  lork ,  proprietors  of  this  church,  on  the  one  part  and  the  imfW  i  ,  1 of  St.  Leonard ’s  hofpital  on  the  other  part,  awarded  and  decreed  the  ivrhrc  of  ' proper  hands  and  culture  of  the  laid  mailer  and  brethren,  and  at  theiTown  cods  and  ex pences  tilled  and  managed.  Dated  London  May  12  icon  “  d  ex‘ A  decree  or  arbitrament  was  made  by  the  archbifbon  rhir  ,  r 'Td’d  ”d ”f The  Vicarage  of  St.  Laurence  is  valued  in ( r)  Here  lyes  fir  Richard  de  Grim  fane  formerly  ot  Stil¬ ling  fleet  parfon,  God  grant  him  mercy  and  pardon Amen. (s)  South  of  this  hofpital  is  a  round  hill,  known  by the  name  of  Lamel-bill,  on  which  a  wind- mill  has  flood trom  whence  it  muft  have  took  its  name.  Lamel-hill being  no  more  than  Le  meul,  the  miln-hill,  called  lb  by , .  r  •  ,  h  S.  d. the  king  s  books  firft  fruits  — .  05  1000 tenths  - - 00  1 1  oa the  Normans.  I  take  this  hill,  as  fevcral  others'round  the city,  to  have  been  originally  raifed  for  Roman  tumuli  1 though  they  afterwards  ferved  to  plant  thefc  kinds  of nulls  upon. ( t)  MS.  Torre,  f.  323. (n)  Carta  in  cuftodia  clerici  vcjlitutlis  Ebor.  cum  liter*  T Tone,  f.  394. ijr Suburb*. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. A  cltfe  CATALOGUE  of  the  VICARS  of  Si.  L  AURENCE.  > Wartyr’j  chantry  in  this  church  anno domini  1346. Nicholas  Wartyr,  perpetual  vicar F  this  church,  to  the  praife  and  ho- Dur  of  God,  St.  Mary ,  St.  Laurence, id  all  faints,  and  for  the  health  of ry,  St.  Laurence  and  to  fir  John  de Burtonflather,  chaplain,  and  his  fuc- cefiors  perpetually  celebrating  divine fervicefor  the  fouls  aforefaid.  And for  faying  daily  placebo,  dirige ,  with commendation  of  the  dead,  &c.  four meffuages  in  Walmgaie  of  the  annual valued  five  marks,  according  to  the king’s  licence  by  him  obtained.  AI- fo  the  moiety  of  that  houfe  or  mef- fuage  for  the  chaplain’s  habitation, which  by  licence  of  the  dean  and chapter  he  hath  at  his  own  proper cofts  built  on  the  fouth-fide  of  the church-yard  of  St.  Laurence.  So  as the  vicar  for  the  time  being  fhall  have the  other  moiety  for  his  habitation alfo. And  willed  that  after  his  own  de- ceafe,  the  vicar  of  this  church  do  pre- fent  a  fit  prieft  hereunto  to  the  dean and  chapter  to  be  inftituted  within feven  days  from  the  time  of  notice  of any  vacation. Lajlly ,  That  the  faid  chaplains  his fuccelforsdo  find  and  fuftain  for  their daily  celebrations  a  chalice,  books, veftments  and  other  ornaments  necef- fary,  and  fhall  receive  from  the  hands I  of  the  vicar  gratis  bread,  wine  and candles.  All  which  were  confirmed by  the  chapter  of  York,  July  27, 1346.  Val.  at  the  diff.  1 /.  ii.j,  8  d. After  follows  a  clofe  catalogue  of the  feveral  chaplains  to  this  chantry which  I  omit.  As  alfo  the  teftamen- tary  burials. This  church  of  St.  Laurence  was  near  deflroyed  in  the  fiege,  and  Jay  in  ruins,  like  its neighbour,  till  the  year  1669,  when  it  was  begun  to  be  re-edified,  and  is  at  this  day  in  ve¬ ry  good  repair.  The  church  hath  but  one  ifle,  but  a  handfome  large  window  at  the  eaft end,  in  which  is  put  a  coat  of  arms  arg.  on  a  bend  fab.  three  garbs  or,  ere  ft  a  garb  or,  band¬ ed  az.  Motto  CEST  LA  SEVL  VERTVE  QVI  DONNE  LA  NOELESSE.  Hejkith.  //.  Giles  depUlX . Monumental  1NTERME NT S. In  the  chancel  by  the  communion  table  on  a  white  ftone  is  this  infcriptioiy Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Walter  Bethel,  fourth  fon  of  fir  Walter  Bethel,  of  Alne,  knight,  and Mary  the  daughter  of  fir  Henry  Slingfby  of  Red-houfe,  who  died  the  lft  of  Novem.  1686. aged  70. Over  the  fame  hangeth  on  the  wall  this  Efcutcheon  :  Impaled,  1.  argent ,  on  a  chevron between  three  boars  heads  trunk’d  fable  a  martlet,  argent.  Bethel.  2.  Barry  of  eight  pieces 4r  and  gules.  Poyntz. .  Near Temp. inf  it.  Vicarii  eccl. Anno Patroni. Vac  at. 1316  Dom.  Rog.  de  Meffing- Decani  & ion. Capituli 1 549  Nich.  de  Wartyr. Ebor.  ejus per  mart. Steph.  de  Burton. fermarii. per  refig. 1350  Haldenus  de  Driffield. per  mort. 1 3  5 1  John  de  Wylingham. 1358  Tho.  de  Folkerthorp. John  de  Helperby. per  refig. 1428  Will.  Newbald.  cap. per  mort. 1430  John  Carter,  cap. per  refig. 1 43 1  Rich.  Hawkefworth. per  mort. 1465  Will.  Warde,  cap. per  refig. 1 474  Will.  Barton,  prefb. per  rejig. 6487  John  North,  prefb. per  rejig. 1488  Richard  Taylor,  prefb. per  refig. 1490  Will.  Barton,  prefb. per  refig. 1492  Will.  Clarkfon ,  prefb. 1 509  Rob.  Fofier ,  prefb. per  mort. per  refig. 1509  John  Bucktrout ,  prefb. per  reftg. 1510  Tho.  Ovington,  prefb. per  refig. 1515  Rich.  Horby,  prefb. Cap.  Ebor. per  refig. 1 5 1 6  Tho  Barton,  cap. Dec.  &  Cap. per  mort. 1523  John  Bentley,  prefb. fermarii per  re  fig. 1528  Will.  Todd,  cap. eorundem. per  mort. 1531  Rad.  Moore,  cap. 1549  Will.  Bayles,  cler. per  mort. per  mort. 1558  Tho.  Forfer,  cler. Cap.  Ebor. Jac.  Johnfon,  prefb. Dec.  fc?  Cap. per  mort. 1586  John  Pattyn,  cler. per  rejig. 1 599  Tho.  Hingeflon,  vie.  chor. per  mort. 1613  Henry  Brinkwell. per  mort. 1619  John  Allen,  M.  A. per  mort. 163©  William  Smith,  cler. per  cejfion 1 63 1  Rich.  Johnfon,  cler. per  rejig. 1632  Will.  Smith,  cler. 1638  Tho.  Hudfon. 1661  Tho.  Tonge ,  cler. per  cejfion George  Tiplin,  cler. 1 679  Will.  Fork,  A.  M. per  mort. Chap.  VII.  0f  the  CITY  of  YORK. Near  the  former  lyes  another  white  Hone  on  which  is  this  infeription : M.  S. *53 Suburbs. Under  this  ftone  refteth  m  hope  of  a  joyful  refurrcBion  the  body  of  Thomas  Helketh  of  Helling-  n,A,ih  ,6cs ton,  ejq;  the  fon  of  Thomas  Helketh  efa-,  and  Jane  his  wife ,  who  both  lye  buried  here,  he was  married  to  Mary  the  daughter  of  fir  Walter  Bethell  of  Alnc,  knight ,  who  here  lyes  in- terred.  rind  by  her  had  iffue  fix  fans  ami  one  daughter ,  five  of  which  are  not.  His  fecond wife  was  Mary  the  daughter  of  Thomas  Condon  efa-,  of  Willarby,  who  in  teftimony  of  her af  cotton  to  her  dear  bujband  hath  placed  this.  J  J He  dyed  5"1  of  Feb.  anno  Dom.  1653.  iEtatis  fuse  43. Reader ,  won  l deft  thou  know  what  goodnefs  lyetb  here , Go  to  the  neighbouring  town  and  read  it  there. Though  things  in  water  writ  away  do  glide, Tet  there  in  watry  characters  abide His  memory ,  and  here  writ ,  vertues  look Surer  in  tears ,  than  ink  j  in  eyes  than  book. On  another  white  ftone  by  the  eaft : Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Margaret  the  daughter  of  Thomas  Ftefketh,  efq ;  who  dyed  the  8th  day  0fHe,keth  l68°- July  1680.  J  J In  the  midft  of  the  nave  is  an  old  white  ftone  inferibed, lljtc  jarct  SDom.  JStc(;arous  Blmpn  eujue  amme  pjapittefnc  SDeus.  j3men.  **>*. purpofe \  ar^r0U^’  late  wife  t0  Tarbrough  of  Hejlington  has  an  infeription  here  to  this She  bore  twelve  children  to  her  hnfhand ,  and  dyed  in  child-bed  anno  m8  mt  a, tft,tber  m  resard  ,xr  -  - ftones  of  the  gritt  kind  wrought  up  iJt  ™widn!f  it™6  As  alToVt’  ^comt^he!:?  ^ the  reprefen tatton  of  St.  Lawrence  on  a  gridiron  rudely  cur.  But  what  is  moll  remarkable are  two  antique  ftatues  winch  lye  on  the  church-yard  wall  to  the  (freer  in  pr lefts  habits  bur whether -chrftiaii  or  pagan  is  a  doubt.  I  cannot  think  them  elegant  enough  for  Jw  h they  def.re  the  fculptor  s  notice,  and  I  leave  them  to  the  reader’s  coniehure*  Rv  theft- Venerable  pieces  oi  antiquity  lye  alfo  feveral  covets  for  Tone  coffins,  which  now  fetve  to  rf ver  the  wall ;  and  near  it  one  of  theft  facred  repofttories  for  the  dead  -  which  th  J bones,  have  been  long  fince  removed  from,  and  at  prefent  it  has  the  honour  o  fervefo"3 trougn  to  the  neighbounno-  well.  1  uur  co  lerve  for  a wS  “g^thhisSIcconu„t°,Utan0thCr  ChUrCh  WhiCh  antient^ft00d  in  there  fuburbs;  of to  The  P^orflLd1Uconvf„tSo>^r/^  r^r  o"  aPP-P--ed  C„_c„  of was  of  fo  mean  a  value  that  all  the  rents  IITues  and  ?,  °f  °/  r’  '3?S>  regarditSt.M.c»A!l port  the  third  part  belonging  to  "the piT wiT  £? ^ient  to  fopA— - of  York,  with  confent  of  his  chapter  and  parties  who  h  id  intereft  themin  7  ar(*bllhop joined  and  united  to  the  parifli  church  of  St  Lawrence  to  which  it  J  ’  peTetualJy  en¬ tire  parifhoners  thereof  deseed  to  be  one  and ThTfome  Mth thofo of TTaTeT'  f  "f thereby  was  declared  their  true  mother  church  And  that  all  brhes  -?„  /?  ’  Wcldl out  of  places  within  this  parilh  of  Sc.  AEcte/,  and  from  the  inhabitants  thereof  ffiall  em-il? vember  , 2 ,  .365,  confirmed  by  the  chapter  of  York  P  St'  No' I.eaving  the  fuburbs  on  this  fide  I  keep  by  the  river  Fobs  and  ,  ,  ■  „ the  other  antiently  called  JUptctljojpe  This  being  the  extremity  of  the  foreft  If  «?.»  °"  LaYRE" next  the  city  bears  a  tafte  ot  the  ancient  hunting  on  that  foreft  in  \I  n,m  «  -  f  ®alfcc«  TH0Ri,ii- fay  Skinner  and  Goldman,  being,  in  old  Englifa  a  hunting  term  f„  ’  fWr’  ?r  iaKrc> ufually  retired  to,  after  feeding  to  repofe  themfelves  §  **  3  P‘3Ce  where  dcer v.  »**... TO  -ilk  its  parift  united  to  St.  C„/4t<„  t  .1.0  ,he  “  It  J  „ ft’  '  *“  "“ftS. &  Sits there  people.  It  lies  the  oo„k  ».«  U,  5 *  See  plate  N°.g.  .  .  ^ (*)  MS.  Torre ,  f.  4,5.  I  have  not  met  with  an  ar  cTa  C0^Ttmt  abJ>Mi  &  ^nventtii  de  Rieval,  &  fttccef . ‘■-'-I-  -V— -  5  ■  ■  ma  w,th  ™  ac-  finbnfia,  fix  mjfu^io,  cum  cmdapi,  qMjacZ,  jJu ■  -  >  T  j  *  *  iiavc  1IUI  I count  or  this  church  in  any  other  author (y)  Robert  de  Bylton  6  Thomas  de  RedeneC*  Etwr. pontem  de  3i-aprctI;ojp--b?iCigc. Ttt Ur  bo:,  ex  chart,  orlg. nal. 254 Su  U  B  f  R  s  . The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. nal  their  goods  and  merchandize  might  formerly  have  been  conveyed  to  them.  There is' another  conjffturc,  which  indeed  feems  more  probable,  that  it  was  called  Jewbury  from beincr  -i  phice  affigred  to  the  Jews  for  the  burial  of  their  dead  ;  and  probably  where  thole were  interred  that  dew  themfelves  in  the  caflle.  We  are  told  by  Hmeden,  that  anno ii-7.  our  Henri  II.  granted  licence  to  t|e  Jews  to  have  a  burial  place  without  the  walls  of eve'rv  city  in  England ;  when  before  they  were  obliged  to  carry  all  their  dead  to  bury  at London. '  As  there  is  a  ftreet  within  the  city  which  bears  fame  affinity  to  thcle  people  in  its name,  I  lhall  have  ocoiion  to  mention  them  again.  This  place  is  now  converted  into  gar- M»k=*te.  ^Monkgale,  is  a  fair  broad  ftreet,  well  paved  and  pretty  well  built,  leadmgfrom  the bar  to  the  bridge.  The  fpittal  of  St.  Loy,  another  houfe  for  the  entertainment  of  poor ftransers,  or  pilgrims,  flood  on  the  eaft  fide  the  bridge.  From  whence  Monkgate,  and Monkbar ,  have  contrafted  their  names  I  cannot  learn  ;  I  know  no  religious  houfe  to  have flood  this  way  whence  it  could  be  derived.  All  the  land  and  houies  on  the  north  fide  tnis ftreet  was  antiently  dean  and  chapter’s  land,  de  terra.  Ulpbi ,  and  is  leafed  from  them  at  this time.  On  tiie  fouth  fide  is  an  hofpital,  of  a  late  foundation,  called  alderman  Agar  s  lio- fpital.  but  incoilftdel  able.  ,  ,  .  r.,  ,  , Church  4  s,  Tire  pardh  ti-iirch  of  St.  Maurice,  is  at  the  head  of  this  ftreet,  and  is  laid  to  ftand Main ict.  ir  SBuiilirafc,  am  nrtulusgmg,  It  antiently  appertained  to  the  two  prebends  of  jfrpias* thorpe  and  JFcntdll  ml  Welt.r  Grey  archbifhop  hy  the  content  of  his  chapter,  united  me me  die  ties  into  one  em  ire  rectory,  which  he  alfigned  unto  the  prebend  of  dfenton,  with  all appurtenancies  belonging.  And  in  recompence  to  the  prebend  of  granted him  the  rents  and  lervices  of  the  prebend  oi  Jpeuten  lying  in  i£$U)btsging*ltlfect0>  and at  the  petition  of  Seimle  ie  Bn:  l  prebendary  of  JFenton,  miter  archhifnop of  2  irk,  with  theconfent  of  the  chapter,  ordained  that  the  vicar  of  this  church  of  St.  Mau¬ rice  ihould  receive  nomine  vie  (trie  ormes  obven  tunes  et  decimas  ipjius  -ecclefie,  Jolvendo  un.e  an- nuatim  ca  it  do  on  ■•/;, -  r  mr.rcas  Jhrl, ngorum  adfcjla  Pent,  a  S.  Martin.  Et  quod  cufiodia  vi- caric  rum  vacamrit  penes  canomcum  remanent  prefentand.  virus  ydonem  decano  et  capitulo  ad  m- /loitend  Et  dibbe  trebende  canonicus  ab  onqnirwdaeum  decimarum  prcfiatione,  et  quakbet  conjue- tudine  , 'parochial i  fit  mm, mis  et  femper  liber.  Et  cum  canonicus  confer!  ad  onera  Ebor.  eedef. rmlanda,  -eel  ft aiiquod  alittd  onus  ipfi  comma  rations  prebende  imminent.,  vicarm  bu,us  ec- clefie  de  S.  Mauritio  el  vicar  his  da  Fenton  in  parte  duodecimo  ipfiini  juvabunt  (b). This  church  of  St.  Maurice  together  with  all  its  feparate  members,  rights  and  appurte¬ nances  was  by  Edwyn  archbifhop  of  York,  the  mayor,  &o  united  and  annexed  to  the  pa- rifh  church  ofSt.  Trinity  in  Gctbramgate  v  according  to  the  ftatute.  Notwitliftanding  which it  is  (till  kept  up,  and  divine  fervice  celebrated  there,  the  only  inftance  of  this  kmd  in  or about  the  city.  .  . Mr.  Torre  is  ftiort  in  his  catalogue  of  the  vicars  of  this  church. An.  Vicarii. 1521.  Dom .  Robertas  Mnrven. 1530.  Henry  Carbott.,  L  L.  D. 1533.  bVlllia m  H aland  prelb. 1.537.  Miles  EJham. Patron  i. Decan.  et  capit. Prebend,  de  Fenton. idem, idem. Vacat. per  refig. per  refig. per  mort. Barker- hill. Lo  r  d-  May Or’sWalk. Monumental  I  NS  C  R  IP  T 1 0  NS  in  this  chunk litre  rejleth  the  body  of  Leonard  Wilberfofs  alderman ,  late  lord-mayor  of  this  city,  who  died the  fr  of  January,  an.  dom.  1691,  in  the  fixty  frft year  of  his  age. Others  are  of  Thomas  Lutton  of  Knapton  efquire,  who  died  September  15,  1719.  Of Arabella  his  vtikMarch  14,  1711.  Of  captain  Thomas  Harrifon  of  Hollby  Auguflukvjio Richard  Man  merchant,  February  6,  1712.  Charles  Man  gent.  OBober  16  170.3.  Edward IVaddington,  gent.  OBober  26,  1690.  Thomas  miberfofs  attorney  at  law,  March  28  1G82. Mr.  Ofwald  Langwitb  clerk  of  the  veftry  and  library  keeper  to  the  cathedral  1 723,  tsfc Oppofite  to  this  church  runs  a  ftreet  now  called  Barker-bill,  antiently  called  \)atlot4njl, and  probably  it  had  not  its  name  for  nothing  ;  Lovelane  being  contiguous  to  it  (r).  On  the .other  fide  of  the  bar  is  a  place  called  the  lord-mayor’s  walk.  This  is  a  long  broad  walk, which  was  planted  with  elms  on  both  hides,  anno  1718;  and  is  capable  of  being  made  a fort  of  mall-,  was  the  high  road  diverted  which  runs  through  it.  , .  ,, I  (hall  clofe  the  account  of  this  part  of  the  fuburbs  with  an  extraft  from  Mr.  Dodfwortb  s coll,  of  the  antient  boundary  of  this  parifh  of  St.  Maurice  taken  from  an  old  manulcript. Memorandum  that  in  the yere  m.ccc.lxx.  the  boundes  of  St.  ^auricc  parijbe  was  troble  fore,  and they  were  feene  in  the  mynftere.  That  is  to  fay  from  the  sponkte  bulbing  fro  the  datums totnre  to  the  dopfclaSHC  ;  fro  the  (Eopfclarnc  to  the  hinges  fewere  in  the  yagnclv  CtoffCS,  ‘0  the dyke  end  at  the  abbots  mills  to  the  midejl  of  jfoffe,  downe  mideflof  jfoffe  fptmtibjIgS,/™  ‘he found  a  ftonecaufeway  at  eight  foot  deep. (a)  Ex  MS.  Torre/.  35 (i>)  ibid.f.  36. Dean  Gale. walls,  but  I  can  give  no  further  account  of  it. ^onb Chap.  VI. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. asoiib  lwgg  to  the  JUjrcttiojpe  toVu^e,  fro  the  Jiaprcffwpe  totut'c  to  the  ajonUbar.  TbisSvivzBi, 0‘yng  the  usundes  certenly.  IVitnefs  hereof  £ limon  jfcjjereniatl  kyrkemafiere  the  J'ametyme,  d-wel- lyug  hefyde  the  ffiopfelapne  at  the  fame  tyme  (d). Down  a  narrow  lane,  the  boundary  of  the  lands  of  Ulphus  on  that  fide,  lies  a  large  picceCil of  ground  called,  antiently,  |3ayiidprrpftS,  though  now  it  has  corruptly  got  the  name  of  R0VJE' the  Craves.  This  was  undoubtedly  a  large  enclofure  from  the  foreft,  and  divided  into fo  many  crofts  or  clofes,  part  of  the  hedges  yet  Handing  fhewing  it.  That  this  vaft  torrid reached  up  to  the  very  walls  of  the  city  on  this  fide,  appears  from  a  perambulation  made the  twenty  eighth  of  Edvard  h  entitled  Perambulatio  foreftae  doni.  regis  de  Galtres.  Incit'd ad  pedem  muri  civitatis  Ebor.  Sc.  This  piece  of  choice  ground  lies  common  ffom  Mi¬ chaelmas  to  Lady-day ;  as  many  hundred  acres  more  do  the  fame,,  round  the  city. On  the  north  of  thefe  crofts  is  a  piece  of  ground  called  fJdojfeTt'UC,  in  which  fome  of  the annual  lairs  before  dcfcribed  are  kept.  But  what  makes  it  more  remarkable  is  that  a  lar»e hofpital  flood  here,  which  was  founded  and  dedicated  to  St.  Mary  Magdalene,  by  Robertde Pykerir.g  dean  of  York,  anno  1330.  It  was  afterwards  confirmed  by  William  de  Melton  arch-vf  M*,,r bilhop-,  who  further  ordained,  1  ,. -  -  rp,  *  ,,  1*1  .  ■  ■  •  ■  DENES  hOlp  l- (e)  1  hat  mere  mall  be  therein  One  perpetual  chaplain  for  the  m after  ;  whofe  prefen u- tal. ti°n  Ilia  11  belong  to  the  fa icl  Robert  de  Pykerings  for  his  life,  and  to  his  heirs  after  his  deceafe. I  hat  the  laid  matter  and  his  fuccefiors,  being  affifted  with  two  more  chaplains,  ttiall  daily celebrate  divine  fervice  therein  for  the  fouls  of  Walter  late  archbifhop,  the  faid  Robert  de Pykerings,  and  William  his  brother,  &c.  And  fhall  competently  fuftain  thofe  two  chaplains v/ith  victuals  and  cloathing,  and  pay  to  each  twenty  {hillings  per  annum.  And  alfo  to  fu- ftain  with  meat,  drink  and  cloathing,  other  fix  old  lame  priefts  not  able  to  minifter,  al¬ lowing  to  every  one  twelve  pence  a  week. And  for  the  competent  maintenance  of  all  the  faid  chaplains  and  matter,  the  archbifhop appropriated  to  them  the  church  of  Stillingfleet  and  to  this  hofpital  for  ever.  Afjignjn°-  a due  portion  for  a  vicar  to  be  inftituted  therein,  at  the  prefentation  of  the  matter  and  brethren hereof. Mr.  Porre  has  fubjoined  a  clofe  lift  of  the  matters  of  this  hofpital,  from  the  foundation, to  the  fuppreffion,  which  I  fhall  omit;  and  only  take  notice  that  at  the  difiolution  Thomas Marfer  was  found  incumbent. (f)  Their  goods  were  valued  at  —  —  —  — . Their  plate  eight  ounces  and  three  quarters  — .  - Lands  —  —  —  —  _  _ _ The  clofe  and  orchard  belonging  to  the  faid  hofpital The  parlonage  of  S tilling jlete  appropriated  to  the  faid  hofpital  per  an. 23 01 38 $. 12 15 lo 96 04 00 o& o& 08 .  ,  -  .  .  „  0  __  .  alt.  Aprilis  anno  dom. i  his  hofpital  of  St.  Mary’s  mBoutham ,  againft  the  city  walls,  commonly  called  feho/ffo fiflyre,  together  with  all  its  pofiefiions,  was  annexed  according  to  due  form  of  law  to  the dean  and  chapter  of  York.  Whereupon  Nicholas  Wotton  dean,  with  the  con  fen  t  of  the chapter,  granted  unto  Thomas  Luither  prieft,  a  brother  and  fellow  of  this  hofpital,  at  the time  of  the  making  the  faid  union,  the  annual  rent  of  four  pound  thirteen  fhilWs  and four  pence,  upon  condition  that  he  fhould  never  after  claim  any  right,  title  or  demand  in the  premifes  by  reafon  or  pretence  of  the  faid  fraternity.  And, The  aforefaid  dean  and  chapter,  according  to  the  tenour  of  a  grant  from  Philip  and  Ma¬ ry  king  and  queen  of  England,  who  had  made  a  refumprion  of  the  lands  belonging  to  the nolpital,  founded  a  grammar  fchool ;  and  perpetually  endowed  the  mailer  therewith  to betrom  time  to  time  by  them  prefen  ted.  The  fchool  is  Hill  fubfiiting  in  York  -,  and,  like the  colleges  in  both  univerfities,  do  in  their  prayers  remember  their  founders,  Philip  and Mary  ;  whole  grant  to  the  dean  and  chapter  is  fo  particular  in  the  recital  of  the  many  fcan- dalotis  practices  in  the  difpofing  of  lands  given  to  pious  ufes,  after  the  Reformation,  that  I think  proper  to  infert  it  at  large  in  the  appendix  (g). (h)  Roger  Dallifon ,  chanter  of  the  cathedral  church  of  Lincoln ,  granted  to  the  dean  and chapter  of  York  an  annuity  of  four  pound,  iffuing  out  of  the  manor  of  Dartlefholw  com. Lincoln ,  for  them  to  apply  the  fame  to  the  ufe  of  a  grammar-fchool,  which  was  appropri¬ ated  to  this,  vii 0  Eliz.reg.  r Gillygate,  is  a  ftreet  which  lies  near  this,  fo  called  from  a  parilh  church  which  antlentljf  GlLLyoAT. flood  m  it,  dedicated  to  St  Giles.  This  church  was  of  final!  value,  rnfomuch  as  to  be  under  dwrch  of  si one  pound  per  an.  temp.  Hen.  V,  and  not  put  down  in  the  lift  I  have  given.  Mr  Torn  Giles. finds  nothing  memorable  about  it;  and  only  remarks  that  this  church,  together  with  all its  members  was  united  to  St.  Olave,  twenty  eight  Eliz.  One  teftamentary  burial,  viz  Wil- 00  Dotl’s  coll.  V.  1 1 y.  f.  20. (<■)  Ex  MS.  Torre.  Hofp.  beatae  Mariae  Mag.  in  Boo- tham  jttxta  civit.  Ebor.  fumlat  per  Rob.  de  Pickering  de- ttanum,  et  pro  ecclefia  de  ^tlbcllligflcct  appropriwd.  lit- fera  regis  ad  Papain.  rot.  Rom.  an.  14  Ed.  II.  m.  3. Turre  Lond. (/)  Dodfaorth's  coll.  v.  129.  f.  147. (g)  Ex  MS.  penes  me. (h)  Ex  MS  Torre.  See  St  .A'ldreto's  church. Ham i56 Sl/BURRS. Booth. m. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. liamAlbon  chaplain,  late  of  Gillygate  Ebor.  made  his  teftament,  proved  November  17,  1442. whereby  he  gave  his  foul  to  God  almighty,  St.  Mary  and  Allfaints ,  and  his  body  to  be buried  in  this  church  of  St.  Egidius  the  abbot.  There  have  been  fome  difputes  betwixt the  mayor  and  commonality  and  the  inhabitants  of  this  ftreet,  in  relation  to  paving  the kino’s  hivh  ways  through  it,  fcfr.  I  have  met  with  an  antient  copy  of  the  cafe,  learnedly drawn  urn  but  by  whom  I  know  not,  which  will  find  a  place  in  the  appendix. At  the  end  of  this  ftreet,  next  the  Horfefair ,  ftood  once  a  fmall  religious  houfe  called  the fpital  of  St.  Anthony  in  Gillygate. Bootham  hath  been  time  out  of  mind  part  of  the  fuburbs  of  the  city  of  Tori.  It  is  the  king’s ftreet  (i)  and  extended  in  length  from  Bootham-bar  to  a  wooden  gate,  at  the  farther  end  of that  ftreet,  which  antiently  was  called  (EalmljafoUtb ;  where  the  officers  of  the  city  ufed  to ftand  to  take  and  receive  the  toll  and  cuftoms.  The  breadth  ot  it  is  from  an  antient  ftone wall,  which  enclofeth  a  court  there,  called  CEarlCBffiurgl),  where  the  monaftery  of  St.  Mary was  afterwards  feated,  to  a  ditch  called  BcnjmgSOybc,  which  enclofeth  the  fuburbs  on  the other  fide.  Within  which  bounds  there  is  a  ftreet  called  Gillygate ,  and  another  ftreet  which is  called  the  Horfefair ,  where  the  mayor  and  baylitfs  do  every  year  hold  their  chief  fairs belonging  to  the  city. Bootham,  muft  certainly  have  taken  its  name  from  a  hamlet  of  booths,  crafted  here,  at certain  times,  by  the  abbot  of  St.  Mary’s,  where  he  kept  a  fair  in  free  burgage.  This muft  have  been  a  great  grievance  to  the  citizens,  and  was  the  occafion  of  many  difputes  be¬ twixt  the  monks  and  them,  which  often  ended  with  blood-Ihed.  In  a  chartel  wrote  by a  monk  of  this  abby,  are  feveral  notes  taken  of  thefe  frays;  particularly,  that  (k)  anno 1262,  a  wicked  aftion  was  committed  by  the  citizens,  fays  he,  in  the  monaftery  of  St.  Ma¬ ry,  which  occafioned  great  flaughter  and  plundering.  In  the  year  1266,  the  fame  author fays  that  a  peace  was  concluded  betwixt  the  abbot  and  the  citizens  in  relation  to  this  affair ; but  it  held  not  long,  for  the  abbot  taking  this  opportunity  to  build  a  ftrong  wall  from  the river  Oufe  to  Bootham-bar,  as  a  defence  to  his  monaftery,  the  fair  was  again  opened,  and the  old  bickerings  renewed.  They  continued  in  this  manner  doing  all  poffible  mifehief to  one  another,  till  archbifhop  Thorefby,  fcandalized  at  fuch  enormities,  brought  the  abbot to  avree  with  the  mayor,  aldermen  and  commonality,  and  to  fettle  the  bounds  of  each  ju- rifdiftion.  This  accord  was  made  by  indenture  dated  at  Tori,  January  16,  1353.  where¬ in  is  fpecified  that  all  that  part  within  great  Bootham,  extending  the  length  of  the  whole ftreet,  except  the  portal,  walls  and  St.  Marygate  abutting  on  the  fame  ftreet,  with  the houfes,  tenements  and  dwellings,  although  built  by  the  abbot  and  convent,  overagainft St.  Mary's  tower,  be  of  the  jurifdiftion  of  the  mayor  and  commonality  of  the  city  of  York, them,  their  heirs,  and  fucceffors  for  ever.  As  alfo  all  other  parts  and  places  which  are  not exprefly  mentioned  to  belong  to  the  laid  abbot  and  convent.  The  original  indenture  is  now amongft  the  city  records,  and  a  tranflation  of  it  from  the  old  French.  I  Ihall  give  in  the particular  chapter  of  the  abbey  (l). An  antient  claim  of  the  citizens  to  this  diftricl  is  given  in  thefe  words, 1 .  The  citizens  fay  that  the  ftreet  of  ©mtfiam  is  fuburbs  of  the  city  of  ;  and  all the  tenements  of  the  fame  are  gclCable  to  the  king  ;  and  the  tenements  there  are  geltmMe, and  are  held  of  the  king  by  fjufsabal,  and  they  be  devifeable  by  will,  and  they  are  in  all things  of  the  fame  condition  and  cuftom  as  other  tenements  of  the  faid  city,  and  they  pay no  relief. 2.  That  in  the  faid  ftreet  of  ffimtjjam  there  was  never  any  market,  fare,  tumbril, pillory,  or another  thing  which  belongeth  to  a  free  burrough  levied  ;  but  all  things  belonging  to  a  mar¬ ket,  or  to  cuftom,  or  toll,  were  taken  and  done  by  the  mayor  and  bayliffs  as  within  the fuburbs  of  the  city.  . 3.  The  ftreet  of  ©cotijam  doth  begin  from  the  great  gate  ot  the  city  which  is  called ©cotbanubat,  and  goes  to  an  outergate  which  antiently  was  called  (S'almtiaUJlitti,  and  to the  ditch  of  the  faid  fuburbs  which  is  called  ftcnsag<OrfeCS. 4.  In  all  the  (Eyres  of  the  juftices,  time  out  of  mind,  as  well  the  pleas  of  the  crown  as other  pleas  of  ©mttjam,  have  been  pleaded  within  the  city,  as  a  fuburb  thereof.  And the  fame  have  been  prefented  and  terminated  by  twelve  men,  and  by  the  coroners  of  the city. 5.  And  whereas  the  citizens  have  by  their  charters  of  the  king’s  progenitors,  and  by confirmation  of  the  king  himfelf,  that  the  dogs  in  the  fuburbs  of  the  faid  city  Ihould  not be  emmateo.  In  the  fuburbs  of  IfiCDtljam,  which  is  within  the  forelt  of  <2?altrcs  that reaches  to  the  great  gate  of  3!5cotl)amdjac,  by  vertue  of  that  liberty,  the  dogs  have  not  been expedited. (i)  This  appears,  fays  fir  T.  W.  out  of  the  antient coucher  books  of  the  city. (k)  Anno  1262  impetus  faclus  a  civibus  Ebor.  in  mona- Jlerium  S.  Mariae  unde  magna  caedes  et  depredatio.  Lcl. coll.- v.  1 1 1.  p.  52- (/)  This  was  firft  done  by  commifhon  under  the  great feai  made  to  William  de  Thorefby  archbifhop  of  York  and iord  chancellor  of  England ,  as  appears  by  pat.  2+  Ed.  III. p.  2.  m.  29.  dorfo.  And  in  the  mean  time  till  the  agree¬ ment  was  made,  the  king  did  grant  a  commifTion  in the  nature  of  a  fequeffration  for  Bootham  unto  lir  Uril - liam  Tallboys  and  fir  Robert  Rofs  of  Ingmanthorp,  reciting that  out  of  the  fullnefs  of  his  kingly  power  he  had  ta¬ ken  the  fame  into  his  own  hands.  Thiscommiflion bears  date  July  24.  24  Edto.  III.  Sir  T.  W. 6.  In Chap.  Vll,  of  the  CITY  o/YORK. 6.  In  the  book  of  <£>oame£SDap,  wherein  all  the  tulles  and  burgljS  in  England  are  named  Su here  is  no  mention  of  3!5ootfjain. 7.  Antiently  upon  the  river  ^Dufe,  between  the  king’s  ftreet  of  ISoofljam  and  the  river aforefaid,  there  was  an  antient  ftreet  inclofed  with  a  ditch,  and  doth  yet  appear,  which  in Englijh  was  called  <fl;arl?0*burgf),  And  it  was  of  old  time  the  land  of  Allan  earl  of  KifljmonD. who  gave  that  ftreet  to  Stephen  de  Lajlingham  abbot ;  within  the  bounds  of  which  ftreet 3U3ootfjam,  or  any  part  of  it,  is  not  contained. 8.  If  3150Qtljam  was  the  burglj  of  the  abbot,  he  fhould  rather  be  called  the  abbot  of  515qq* fljarn,  than  the  abbot  of 9.  By  the  law  of  the  land  no  man  ought  to  have  a  free  burgh ,  market ,  or  fair ,  unlefs  it be  diftant  from  the  neighbouring  boroughs  and  markets  at  leaft  fix  miles.  And  if  a  borough fo  near  as  this  was  tolerated,  the  king  would  lofe  all  his  contributions,  fines,  amerciaments, efeheats,  and  other  aids  to  the  difherifon  of  the  king,  and  fubverfion  of  the  city. (m)  By  an  inquifition  taken  before  M.  Patejhull ,  and  his  companions  juftices  itinerant  at York,  in  the  third  year  of  king  Henry ,  fon  of  king  John ,  it  is  found  that  the  faid  abbot did  challenge  to  himfelf  liberties,  as  well  within  the  city  as  without,  in  the  fuburbs  of  the lame ;  and  the  feifin  of  the  faid  abbot  was  enquired  of  by  twenty  four  knights,  and  no feifin  was  found  in  him  of  the  liberties  within  315ootfjam. In  the  fame  inquifition  it  is  contained  that  Walter  Daniel ,  a  ferjeant  of  the  liberty  of  the abbot,  was  appealed  of  the  death  of  his  wife,  by  William  Shyftlyng,  brother  of  the  wife; and  the  abbot  did  demand  his  liberty  but  he  could  not  have  it,  and  a  duel  was  joined  between them,  and  JValter  was  vanquifhed  in  the  field  and  hanged,  and  his  goods  and  chattels  for¬ feited  to  the  king.  After  this  the  men  of  the  abbot  came  and  took  the  body,  and  interred it  in  the  garden  of  the  abbot,  which  he  claims  to  be  within  the  precinCt  that  he  calls  his free  borough  of  ifiootfjrtm.  The  abbot  was  hereof  convift  and  put  in  the  king’s  mercy*' and  the  bayliffs  of  the  king  digged  up  the  body  and  hanged  it  again  in  an  iron  chain. In  the  iter  of  the  juftices  itinerant  at  Tori :,  in  the  eight  year  of  king  Edward  ion  to  king Henry ,  it  will  be  found  that  the  abbot  of  St.  Mary's  had  no  right,  claim  or  liberty  in  3l5ooffjam, nor  challenged  any. In  the  book  of  jDootnej^Da^  it  is  contained  that  no  man  hath  cuftom,  as  burgefs ,  ex- oept  Merlefwain  in  one  houfe  which  is  within  the  caftle,  and  except  the  canons  wherefoever they  dwell William  of  the  abbey,  and  William  of  Sutton ,  Trujfey,  Lawrence ,  Benchard  and  Laurence of  Bootham,  dwelling  in  UBoofljattX  were  heretofore  bayliffs  of  the  city  of On  the  north  fide  of  Bootham ,  the  dean  and  chapter  of  York,  claim  a  jurifdidtion,  as  part of  their  territories,  de  terra  Ulphi;  and  this laft  year  their  coroner  executed  a  writ  of  in¬ quiry  on  the  body  of  a  woman  that  was  found  dead  in  that  part,  without  moleftation  from the  city. On  the  fouth  fide,  from  the  abbey  gate  to  St.  Mary's  tower,  the  houfes  are  all  in  the county,  being  built  in  the  ditch  or  graft  of  the  abbey-wall.  Thefe  buildings  are  of  late Handing,  the  oldeft  of  them  being  but  erefted  by  a  grant  from  king  James  I.  of  part  of  this wafte  to  build  on. The  name  of  Bootham  or  Boutham  the  learned  dean  Gale  has  derived  from  the  old  Britifb language,  (n)  Boeth,  in  Brit,  lingua fignificat  exuftum ;  T re-Booth,  exujlum  oppidulum, Saxonica  dittio  Jpam  locus*  By  which  he  conjectures  it  was  the  place,  at  or  near  which  the  Ro¬ mans  burned  their  dead.  I  am  perfwaded  that  great  antiquary  was  led  into  this  miftake, by  the  quantity  of  urns ,  J'arcophagi ,  &c.  which  were  firft  begun  to  be  difeovered  in  his time  by  the  digging  clay  for  bricks  in  the  neighbourhood  of  this  place.  The  name  can bear  no  other  etymology  than  I  have  given,  viz.  Bootham.  a  hamlet  of  booths,  for  the  fair before  mentioned.  But  EalmanlBS,  the  name  of  the  old  wooden  gate  which  was  antiently fet  at  the  end  of  this  ftreet  oppofite  to  St.  Mary's  tower,  is  a  word  of  much  harder  inter¬ pretation.  That  there  was  a  monaftery  here  before  the  conqueft  appears  from  R.  Hoveden ; and  that  it  bore  the  fame  name  as  this  gate.  Strenuus  dux  Sewardus  decejjit  Eboraci  et  mo- najlerio  Galmanho  fepultus  ejl.  Leland  has  extracted  this  remark  out  of  a  book  wrote  by  a monk  of  the  abbey  of  St.  Mary.  Anno  Dorn.  12  66,  inceptus  ejl  aS  imone  abbate  petrinus  murus circuiens  abbatiam  S.  Mariae  Ebor.  incipiens  ab  ecclefia  S.  Olavi,  et  tenders  verfus  portam  civi - talis  ejufdem  quae  vocatur  Galmanhlith,  [nunc  Boothambar .]  In  a  letter  from  Mr.  Hearne, the  publifher  of  Leland,  and  many  other  feleCt  pieces  of  antiquity,  I  have  this  explanation of  this  ftrange  word.  “  In  the  collect anea  this  word  is  printed  Galmanlith ,  with  an  h  over t{  the  l  to  fhew  that  the  true  reading  is  Galmanhilh ,  the  firft  letter  being  put  over  the “  other  by  Leland  himfelf.  Hith  is  a  common  word  from  the  Anglo-Saxon  hy^  port  us,  fo “  &uccnl)tff)e,  portus  regalis.  Ho  has  the  lame  fignification.  Mr.  Burton's  [nunc  Bootham- “  bar]  put  in  crochets  in  Leland,  is  the  modern  name  and  explains  the  old  one  ( 0 )."  In (>/;)  Ex  MS  iir  T.  IV.  Ebor  major  ibid,  de  placeo  de 31&00tl)aUl  et  libertctt  fuh  fibi  reftituend.  Clauf.  29  Ed. III. m.  24. (»)  Ex  MS.  mihi  dat.  per  Samuclcm  Gale  arm.  decani ftlium. ( 0 )  Mr.  Somner  is  as  much  at  a  lofs  about  the  etymo¬ logy  of  this  word  ;  what  he  fays  upon  it  I  (hall  give as  follows.  “  Galmanho  monaflerii  nomen  eft  a  Siwardo “  illujlri  Northumbrenfium  dnee,  in  quo  etiam  moriens “  fepeliebat nr.  Chron.  Sax.  Abbingdon  ad  ann.  1055. U  u  u  another D8 Suburbs. Mac LEN pci. '  DA- E’seha- Tn«  ram’s hofpital. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. another  letter  which  I  was  favoured  with  from  Mr.  Serenius,  the  author  of  the  diftionarium Anglo-Swethico-Laimum ,  I  have  this  account,  “  your  Galinanhitb  I  can  make  nothing  of  in “  the  Gothick  literature.  It  is  true  gold,  aut  gall  fignifies  infoecundus ,  vel  fterilis  ;  Held  locus “  incultus ,  tefqua  vel  Jylva.  If  it  agrees  with  the  fituation,  it  is  as  probable  as  any  thing; “  but  I  know  not  what  to  make  of  the  middle  fyllable  ”  the  reader  may  obferve  that  I have  fpared  no  pains  to  come  at  a  true  definition  of  this  old  word,  but  to  little  purpofe ; and  all  I  can  draw  from  the  fenfe  of  both  thefe  gentlemen’s  opinions  is,  that  this  port  pro¬ bably  took  its  name  from  being  a  gate  to  which  the  vaft  foreft  of  <2>altrC0  antiently  ex¬ tended  ;  the  toll  (p)  called  guyd-law  was  taken  at  it,  which  was  firft  granted  for  the  payment of  guides,  that  conduced  men  and  cattle  through  the  faid  foreft ;  as  well  to  direct  them their  way,  as  to  protect  them  from  wild  beafts  and  robbers ,  with  both  which  this  immenfe wildernefs  muft  have  been  abundantly  flocked.  Befides  the  word  dJaltrcs  itfelf  is  molt  na¬ turally  deduced  from  the  Briti/h  cal  a  tre ,  (q)  which  fignifies  minus  ad  urban  the  foreft  ex¬ tending,  as  an  antient  perambulation  of  it  witnefles,  which  the  reader  may  find  in  the  ap¬ pendix ,  up  to  the  very  walls  of  the  city  on  this  fide.  I  fhall  take  leave  of  this  outer  gate and  Booth  am ,  with  obferving  that  the  lheriffs  of  the  city  do  now  annually  ride  in  procei- fion  to  the  very  fpot  where  it  formerly  flood ;  and  I  wonder  how  the  abbot  of  St.  Mary’s could  claim  any  privilege  in  a  place  that  was  thus  fenced  off,  by  the  city,  as  an  exteriour fortification. I  have  noted  before  that  an  uniform  ftreet  once  extended  from  Bootham-bar  to  a  place called  Burton-Jlone ,  where  a  ftone  crofs  formerly  flood ;  the  extent  of  the  city’s  liberties  on this  fide.  Clofe  by  this,  eaft,  flood  formerly  a  chapel  dedicated  to  St.  Mary  Magdalen, with  a  fpital  called  Magdalen’s  fpital  ;  but  no  remains  of  either  do  now  appear. Higher  up  in  this  ftreet  on  the  fouth  weft  fide  Hands  an  hofpital,  founded  anno  1640,  by fir  Arthur  Ingram  fen.  of  the  city  of  York  knight,  who  by  his  will,  then  made,  whereof his  fon  fir  Arthur  was  foie  executor,  appointed  lands  of  the  yearly  value  of  fifty  pound  to  be enfured  to  the  hofpital  which  he  had  lately  built  in  Bootham  for  the  maintenance  of  ten  poor widows,  viz.  for  every  one  of  them  five  pound  a  piece  yearly  ;  and  a  new  gown  every  two years  for  every  of  them.  Alfo  twenty  nobles  yearly  for  fome  honeft  and  able  man  for  read¬ ing  prayers  in  the  faid  houfe,  to  be  allured  for  ever  out  of  fuch  lands  as  his  faid  fon  and heir  fhall  think  fit.  Willing,  that  he  and  his  heirs  fhall  from  time  to  time  for  ever  have the  placing,  naming,  and  chufing  of  fuch  poor  widows  as  fhall  be  there  placed,  and  of  the perfon  and  perfons  who  fhall  from  time  to  time  read  prayers  in  the  faid  houfe  (r). (j)  This  hofpital  fuffered  much  by  fire  at  the  fiege  of  York ,  anno  1644,  it  is  fince  re¬ paired,  but  not  fo  handfome  as  it  was  at  firft.  The  badge  of  thefe  widows  is  a  filvercock mlt,  the  creft  of  the  family  ;  which,  when  any  of  them  die,  goes  to  the  next  old  woman that  is  put  in  her  Head. Mart-gate  Nearer  the  city  Hill,  on  the  fame  fide  Hands  a  handfome  cockpit  by  a  beautiful  bowling- green.  And  not  far  from  hence  goes  off  a  ftreet,  due  weft,  called  St.  Marygate ,  which  leads down  to  the  river  Oufe,  and  the  great  gate  of  the  old  abbey  •,  this  ftreet  was  more  antiently called  flSarlcsburgl). The  church  of  The  parifh  church  of  St.  Olave,  a  Danijh  king  and  martyr.  Hands  in  this  ftreet ;  and  is St.  Ola ve.  0f  oldeft  date  in  hiftory,  except  the  cathedral,  of  any  church  in  the  city.  I  fhall  take notice  once  for  all  that  in  the  account  of  parifh  churches,  Somner ,  Spclman  and  Kennet  are at  a  lofs,  and  fairly  own  that  their  originals  are  not  to  be  come  at.  For  though  they were  certainly  firft  begun  by  the  Anglo-Saxons ,  yet  the  Normans  are  faid  to  have  firft  built them  of  ftone.  Yet  if  we  may  credit  Bede(t )  the  Saxons  were  no  ftrangers  to  ftone  build¬ ings,  even  as  early  as  Edwin’s  time  ;  for,  he  lays,  that  king,  by  the  inftruflion  of  Pauli¬ nas,  took  care  to  build  a  nobler  and  larger  church,  of  Jlone ,  in  the  place  where  his  wooden one  was  eredled  before.  Siward  the  valiant  earl  of  Northumberland  is  faid  to  have  founded a  monaftery  in  this  place  to  the  honour  of  St  .Olave,  where  he  was  buried  anno 1055.  It was  afterwards  part  of  earl  Morcar’ s  poffeffions,  which  the  conqueror  gave  to  his  nephew Alain  earl  of  Britain ,  afterwards  of  Richmond.  By  this  it  appears  to  be  the  mother  of  St. Mary’s  monaftery,  and  Stephen  (u)  the  firft  abbot  tells  us,  that  earl  Alain,  their  founder, gave  the  chutch  of  Sr.  Olave  and  four  acres  of  land  to  build  offices  on  for  the  monks  to dwell  in  ;  where  they  were  kindly  invited  by  the  faid  earl  to  make  that  church  and  pla.ee their  refidence.  By  an  inquifition  taken,  temp.  Hen.Y.  for  a  lubfidy  granted  by  parlia¬ ment  on  all  fpirituals  and  temporals,  this  chuich  is  above  double  the  value  of  yearly  reve¬ nue  to  any  within  or  without  the  city.  I  can  affign  no  reafon  for  it,  but  that  the  neighbour¬ hood  of  this  famous  and  once  opulent  monaftery  might  be  an  occafion  of  its  former  richnefs. “  Loci  nomen  unde  pet  cntlnm  din  ancepsfni ;  pofl  longam  au- “  tern  mvejiigationem  rc:n  a  Johanne  Bromptono  abbate “  Jornalenii  fic  explicatam  tandem  reperi. - “  Sepultns “  eft  in  monaferio  S.  Mariae  apud  Eborum  in  claujlro." Script,  x.  col.  946.  But  the  explanation  of  the  term  is by  no  means  made  out  by  this  quotation. '  (p)  Verfiegan  of  decayed  intelligence,  p.  137. (,j)  for  cal  a  fee  Baxter  under  the  words  calagum, c.il.na,  Caledonia,  and  for  tre.  fee  Llnyd's  adverfaria  at the  end  of  Baxter,  p.  171.  Iam  indebted  to  the  reve¬ rend  Dr.  Lang-mth  for  this  etymology. (r)  MS.  Torre  p.  362. ( s )  Ex  MS.  penes  me. (/)  Curavit,  docente  eodem  Paulino,  majerem  ufque  in loco  et  augufliorem  de  lapide  fabricare  bajilicam.  Bede l.  xiv. (k)  E  libro  'Stepbani  primi  abbatis  S.  Mariae’  Ebor. as Chap.  VII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  i59 as  well  as  the  fall  of  that  remarkable  place  the  reafon  of  its  prefent  poverty.  If  was  ac-  Suburbs. counted  as  a  chapel  dependant  on  the  abbey,  and  its  being  parochial  could  not  faveit  from being  miferably  plundered  at  the  difiolution.  Being  grown  old  and  ruinous,  and  greatly fluttered  in  its  fabrick  by  a  platform  of  guns  which  played  from  the  roof  in  the  fiege again  ft  the  enemy,  the  parifh  no  ways  able  to  bear  the  charge  of  the  reparation,  a  brief was  granted  and  collected,  by  which  afliftaiice,  the  church  was  in  a  manner  quite  pulled down,  fome  few  years  ago,  and  rebuilt  in  the  good  order  it  now  (lands  in. The  infide  of  the  church  is  fupported  by  two  rows  of  elegant  pillars  which  divides  it  in¬ to  three  ifles.  It  has  a  handfome  fquare  fteeple  with  three  tuneable  bells  in  it.  Monumen¬ tal  infcriptions,  as  they  were  taken  by  the  induftrious  Mr.  Dodfwortb  anno  1618,  whofe original  manufcript  is  fain  into  my  hands  were  then  as  follows,  but  now  they  are  moll,  or all,  of  them  defaced.  Epitaphs  in  St. q*  jacet  Kobecfus  &lDl)g  faDlcr  cujus  anime  pjopitietur  SDcus.  0men.  AidbyES -Tpere  Isctfj  tfje  co:ps  of  William  SDreto,  fometpme  (x)  fljcriffe  of  t(jis  citfse  of  ftojfe,  foljci  Drcw  ,5g- t)y?cD  to  dffoD’s  mcrcp  tbcbii  dab  of  October, ^tc  jacet  3j0l;auncs  Colit  (y)  quonDam  bicccomes  ttftus  cibitatis  qui  obiit  btii  Die  men*  Colit.  1487. fis  jutiit  anno  Dom.  cujus,  $c. ►{<  ftc  jacet  Syomas  j3DuDebarofo  carpcntarius  cujus  anime,  fc.  amen.  Oudebarow. ►F  ^ic  jacet  31oljn  Dc  ^patolatnge  quonDam  cibis  d£bor.  et  0licia  uro:  cjus  quorum  am?sP3wlainsc- mabus  p?opitietur  j3Deus,  qui  obiit  anno  Dorn.  $$€€€%€%%%  *393' Sly  is  tumulus  fonat  ut  levis  concentibus  aurai  Farley.  1570. Angelicufve  tenens  haec  loca  facra  chorus  ? Farlei  monumenta  vides  hie  fifle ,  viator ; Ille  fuit  noftri  maxima  cura  chori. Sf/.is  inopum  melius  caufas  oraverit  unquam  ?  j Aux  ilium  mult  is  lingua  diferta  tulit. Non  fervus  nummis ,  flavo  corruptus  et  auro , Civilis  dottor  juris ,  et  ille  pius. Hoc  Farlee,  tibi  virtute  et  arte  parajli Ut  coeli  teneas  aurea  tefta  fenex. Anna  for  or,  cur  fles  ?  cur  quaeris  Anna-  maritum  ? Non  obiit ,  vivit.  Nunc  fatis ,  hofpes ,  obi, Qui  obiit  decimo  die  Septembris  anno  Dom.  1 570. ^cre  l?cfb  tfjeboDpe  of  Sloan  (X)  jFarles  foife  of  ifabian  ifarlep,  anD  Daugtjtet  of  3fofjn  Joan  Farley, Jprocto:  of  HlaufclanD  fjaull,  tufjo  DpcD  tfjc  age  of  cigfjtg  anD  flpteen  soars.  1602. 1602. >F  ;©ratc  p?o  anima  fratris  KtcarDi  ftenDall  monacfjt  iffius  m. ifo;  tfjc  loue  of  Blefu prap  foj  tlje  foule  of  Ccojge  $ltm«fjotoe. Kendall. Slunhowe. ►F  ^Drate  pro  anima  Willtelmt  Brpggss  qui  obiit  irtii  Die  3<unii  an.  Dom-  SpCCCC^C  Bry„„ys cujus,  $c,  amen,  I49o  ' 199 ta  StasUo:  quojum  animabus  p^opitictur  jSDeus, ►F  Hpic  jacet  ^enricus  jflcmtnge  cujus,  ic,  amen,  Fieminge. JJDn  Williams  labile <1E>qo  I;abc  meres, ►F  4Drate  p?o  anima  Jlaurentii  3ole,  Idje. Wtlltelmus  tftenoo^  HUenoor*  Vcndor ►F  £Drate  pjo  anima  3jfabelle  spares  cujus  anime  pjopitietur  jaDeus,  #men»  Spany Thus  far  from  Dodfworth. Here  lyeth  the  bodyes  interred  of  the  right  honourable  Henry  Darcy  efquire ,  third  fon  of  the  Darcy  ^62 right  honourable  Conyers  lord  Darcy,  Meynill  and  Conyers,  who  departed  this  life  the  28th day  of  April,  1662.  anno  aetatis  fuae  57. And  Mary  Darcy  his  wife ,  daughter  and  heirefs  of  William  Scrope  of  Heighley-hall  efquire , who  departed  this  life  April  17,  1 667.  Who  had  iffue  ten  children.  Mary  Darcy. Now  they  both,  reft  in  Chrift,  waiting  for  the  refurrettion  of  the  dead. ( x )  He  was  fheriff,  1556.  lend  to  poor  men  of  the  city  of  xii d.  ith  pound. (y)  I  cannot  find  this  name  in  the  catalogue.  Dodfworth. ( z)  Her  hulband  gave  forty  pound  to  the  brigg  to Ufon i6o Suburbs. AVcnt  worth. Holies. Wentworth. Clifford. Lady  Milbank 1 689. Megfon. r  - 1 S. Mollcy  1732. Harvey  1733. Cb  irilf-febool fir  girl,. Glafs-houfe. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. Upon  a  pillar  hung  a  wooden  frame,  on  which  was  depicted  this  bearing : Impaling,  1.  Azure ,  three  cinquefoils  and  femi  de  croftets.  Darcy. 2.  Azure  a  bend  or.  Scrope. a )  Anno  16S4,  two  large  tables  or  atchievements  of  arms  were  up  in  this  church,  for  the family  of  the  Wentworths.  The  one  Sable ,  a  chevron  between  three  leopards  heads  or, Wentworth.  Impaling  ermine  two  pyles  in  point  fable,  by  the  name  of  Holies  ;  which  was here  placed  to  remember  the  lady  Arabella  daughter  of  John  Holies  earl  of  Clare ,  and  fecond wife  to  that  loyal  and  noble  patriot  Thomas  lord  Wentworth ,  baron  of  Raby,  after  vifeount Wentworth  and  earl  of  Strafford ;  who,  fays  the  author  of  a  manufeript  I  quote  from,  loft his  life  through  the  prevailing  power  of  a  moft  malicious  and  unreafonable  faCtion. The  other  table  was  alio  to  commemorate  the  lady  Margaret  his  firft  wife,  daughter  of Francis  earl  of  Cumberland ,  who  was  buried  in  this  church  anno  1629.  viz-,  quarterly  of  fix, three  and  three.  1.  Sable,  a  chevron  betwixt  three  leopards  heads  or.  2.  Argent ,  a  crofs double  potent  throughout  fable.  3.  Argent  a  crofs  pattee  fable.  4.  Argent  on  a  pale  fable  a congers  head  coped  or.  5.  Gules  a  faltire  Argent.  6.  Gules  a  felfe  of  five  fufils  or.  All  en- figned  with  a  vileount’s  coronet,  and  fupported  by  a  gryphin  rampant  argent  armed  or,  and a  lyon  rampant  argent ,  motto  en  diev  est  tovt. it  will  not  be  amifs  to  take  notice  that  the  lord  prefident  of  the  north,  who  refided  in  the neighbouring  abby  or  manor,  had  a  feat  built  for  him  in  this  church,  which  he  ufually  went to  for  divine  fervice. Here  lyeth  buried  the  body  of  the  lady  Faith  Milbank  wife  to  Mr.  Thomas  Metcalf,  who  died the  lajl  day  of  April  1689,  in  the  33d  year  of  her  age. Over  this  is  an  atchievement  with  the  arms  of  Metcalf ,  Green ,  &c. I  muft  not  omit  a  copartment  put  up  in  this  church  in  memory  of  the  late  William  Thornton joyner  and  architect ;  finceby  the  ableft  judges  in  the  former  kind  of  work,  he  was  look’d upon  as  the  beftartift  in  England ;  and,  for  architecture,  his  reparation  of  Beverley -minfler , ought  to  give  him  a  lading  memorial.  He  died  much  regretted  Sept.  23,  1721. In  the  church-yard  are  feveral  inferiptions,  but  none  of  them  remarkable  fave  this,  which a  kind  hulband  has  bellowed  to  the  memory  of  his  bed-fellow,  and  the  following ; Here  lyes  the  body  of  Mary  Megfon  wife  to  Francis  Megfon,  who  departed  this  life Feb.  15,  1718. Under  this  Jlone  lyes  vertue  great  and  good , As  was  well  known  among fi  her  neighbourhood  $ Whofe  life  was  charity  to  her  power , Which  God  requites  her  now  for  evermore. Under  this  Jlone ,  crammed  in  a  hole ,  does  lye The  bejl  of  wives  that  ever  man  laid  by.  Finis. Hie  fitus  ejl  Reverendus  Thomas  Mofley,  A.  M.  Reflor  de  Skelton,  Ficarius  de  Overton, fd  hujus  Ecclefue  Curatus ,  &c.  Pajlor  fuit  fidus  &  ajfiduus ,  non  minus  privatis  monitis  quam publicis  in  concionibus ,  ad  veram  Pietatem  fibi  commijfos  dirigens ,  adhortans. Ita  lotus  Minifler  Jefu  Chrifti,  ut  omnes  agnofeerent  Virum  vere  primitivum ,  huic  muneri dum  partes  daret  preecipuas,  Conjugis ,  Parentis ,  Vicini,  &  Hominis,  officia  hand  neglexit ; fed  omnium  tale  fe  prajlitit  exemplar ,  quale  imitari  neminem  pudeat ,  nunquam  poenitebit. Obiit  26  Nov.  an.  Dorn.  1732.  at.  69. Juxta  fita  ejl  Bridgeta,  uxor  ejus\  cui  pulchra  Forma ,  conjugalis  Amor ,  domeflica  Cura , femper  char  am,  femper  amabilem  preebuit ;  ut  ilia  Privatus ,  quafi  fui  dimidio ,  vix  duos  men - fes  manjerit  fupcrjles.  Obiit  ilia  29  Sept.  an.  Dom.  1732.  cet.  59. Hie  jacet  Dan.  Harvey,  firpe  Gallus,  idemque  probus.  Sculptor ,  Architeftor  etiam  peritus. Ingenio  a  eery  integer  Amicitiae  ;  quam  fibi  citius  aliis  beneficus.  Abi ,  viator ,  fequi  reminif- cere.  Obiit  undecimo  die  Decembris,  A.D.  1733.  cetatis  50. The  church  of  St.  Olave's ,  at  the  dilfolution,  fell  to  the  king;  but  is  now  in  the  gift  of fir  IVilliam  Robin fon,  baronet. This  being  a  chapel  dependant  on  the  abby  Mr.  Torre  has  not  met  with  a  catalogue  of  its incumbents.  /.  s.  d. Valuation  in  the  king’s  books.  Firft  fruits  - -  - -  06  08  04 Procurations  -  - -  00  13  04 I  have  now  finilhed  my  circuit  round  the  city,  and  I  think  have  omitted  nothing  memo¬ rable  in  the  fuburbs,  except  the  abby  of  St.  Mary's ,  which  commands  a  particular  chapter. And  except  I  fay  that  at  the  bottom  of  this  ftreet  on  the  weft  fide  a  lane  leading  to  ^Imr^ gartt),  of  which  hereafter,  is  a  charily  fchool  for  girls  now  kept;  which  was  firft  fet  on  foot lor  twenty  poor  girls,  an.  1705,  to  be  lodged,  fed,  taught  and  cloathed.  Of  all  which  do¬ nations  and  bequefts  the  reader  may  find  the  particulars  in  the  appendix.  On  the  other  fide this  lane,  forne  few  years  ago,  was  ereCled  a  glafs-houfe ,  which  wrought  glafs  for  fome  time ; but  the  gentleman,  whofe  publick  fpirit  engaged  him  to  this  undertaking,  being  thoroughly (a)  £  MS.  penes  Roger.  Gale,  arm. employed I Chap. VII.  of  the  CITY  «/ YORK. employed  in  a  bufinefs  of  a  much  nobler  nature,  he  could  not  attend  thefe  Salamanders  is they  ought,  who  are  known  to  be  egregious  cheats  without  good  looking  after  ;  for  which reafon  the  matter  was  let  drop  •,  the  houfe  pulled  down  •,  and  the  project  left  open  for  fome perfon  of  more  leifure  to  purfue  it. I  come  now  to  deferibe  the  city  itfelf,  but  firft  its  enclofure  or  fortification  mufl  be  taken notice  of.  The  city  of  York  is  in  circumference  two  miles  and  almoft  three  quarters,  which is  thus  meafured  (b)  : From  the  Red  Tower  to  IV aim-gate  bar From  thence  to  F\Jher-gate  pojlerh From  thence  to  CajUe-gate  pojlern Thence  to  Skelder-gate  pojlern  - Thence  to  Mickle-gate  bar From  thence  to  North-Jlreet  pojlern Thence  to  Bootham-bar  - Thence  to  Monk-bar  - - - From  thence  to  Laythorpe  pojlern From  thence  to  the  Red  Tower  again 60' 99 58 34 1 36 140 86 >  pearches. Total  875  pearches. That  is  2  miles  5  furlongs  and  96  yards. There  are  lour  principal  gates  or  bars  for  entrance  into  the  city,  and  five  pofterns,  which are  thefe : Micklegate  bar  to  the  South -weft. Bootham-bar  —  North-weft. Monk-bar  —  North-eaft. Walm-gate  bar  —  South  eaft. North-Jlreet  pojlern. Skelder-gate  pojlern. Cajlle-gate  pojlern. Fijher-gate  pojlern. Layretkorp  pojlern. To  thefe  fir  T.  TV.  adds  Lendal pojlern. And  I  may  add  - -  Long-walk  pojlern,  lately  erefbed. BRIDGES  in  the  CITY  and  SUBURBS . Oufe -bridge ,  five  arches. Fofs-bridge ,  two  arches. Layr ether;  -bridge,  five  arches. Monk  bridge,  three  arches. Cajllegat e-bridge ,  one  arch. John  Leland's  account  of  the  city’s  fortifications,  as  they  appeared  in  his  days,  I  fhall chufe'  ro  give  in  his  own  words  : (C)  <&\)C  tolunc  of  York  ttanDttfj  bp  toe  ft  anD  eft  of  Oufe  riber  running  fljrougl)  if,  but tijnt  pa1  tl;at  Ipetlj  bp  eft  is  ttotce  as  gret  in  builDingas  tbs  other. %\)M  goctf)  tijc  toaul  from  tfjc  ripe  of  Oufe  of  the  eft  part  of  the  cite  of  Yorke. ifprft  a  grete  totore  toitl;  a  rhein  of  pron  to  raft  ober  the  Owfe,  then  another  fotorc  anD foe  to  Bowdam-gate,  jfroitt  Bowdam-gate',  0?  bar,  to  Goodram-gate,  o.Z  bar,  F  totores. Elicns  four  totores  to  Laythorpe,  a  poffcrmgate,  ano  foe  bp  the  fpace  of  a  ttoo  fltte  fliotts  the blinD  anD  Deep  toatec  of  Foffe,  cuntming  out  of  the  fojeft  of  Galtres,  DefcnDeth  this  part  of  tbs ritetoithout  toaules.  Eljen  to  Waumgate  three  totores  anD  thens  to  Fifher-gatc,  ftoppiD  up tins  the  communes  burniD  it  pit  the  tpme  of  III.  Henry  VII. SEhens  to  the  ripe  of  Foffe  i;abe  three  totores  anD  pit  the  three  a  poftern  anD  thens  ober Foffe  bp  a  b’iage  to  the  caftelle Ehe  toeft  parte  of  the  cptc  is  thus  pnclofcD,  firft  a  turrit  anD  foe  the  toaul  runnitl;  ober  the Hoc  of  the  Dungeon  of  the  caftelle  on  the  toeft  ftDc  of  Oufe  right  agapn  tl;e  caftelle  on  the  eft ripe.  £3!je  plotte  of  tljis  caftelle  is  ncto  calleD  Ould  Baile,  anD  the  area  anD  Ditches  of  it  Doe mamfcftlp  appcarc.  l!5cttoirt  the  beginnpng  of  the  firft  parte  of  this  toeft  toaulle  anD  Mickle¬ gate  be  i r  totores;  anD  bettoirt  it  anD  the  ripe  agapn  of  Oufe  be  ri  totores ;  anD  at  this  r i totoers  be  a  poftcrmgafc,  ano  tljc  totore  of  it  is  right  agapn  the  eft  totore  to  orato  ober  the cheiu  on  Oufe  bettoirt  them. It  is  not  eafy  to  determine  in  what  year  or  under  what  reign  our  prefent  city  walls  werec erecled.  But  I  find  that  in  the  beginning  of  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  a  patent  was  granted  V, for  taking  certain  tolls  in  fpecie  of  goods,  &c.  coming  to  be  fold  at  York ,  for  a  certain  time there  fpecified,  towards  the  fupport  of  the  walls  and  fortifications  of  the  city.  The  title  of the  grant  is  De  "villa  Ebor.  claudenda ,  and  it  begins  rex  majori  &  probis  ho? nimbus  Ebor.  which (b)  Survey’d  Teh.  1 664.  per  John  Maine,  ExMS.  The riry  of  Lon.hr.,  wiihm  the  walls,  is  very  little  bigger, being  only  thvee  miles  in  circumference,  containing four  hundred  and  forty  eight  acres. (c)  Lclaneli  itin.  vol.  I.  His  itinerary  was  firft:  begun anno  1538,  at  the  command  of  Henry  V II I. X  x  x  is The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. ^irh  n‘«er  °f  thue  Cjty’S  being  S°verned  by  a  “ay°r  up  to  this  time.  The  patent ' .  *  ?  to  the  dean  and  chapter  ot  York(d),  at  the  fame  time,  charging  the™  that aZ  T  n0tRhlnder  their  men  from  paying  thefe  tolls,  will  fall  in  their  proper  pfaecs  in  the append*.  But  it  is  probable  thefe  walls  were  rebuilt  in  Edward  the  firft’s  time  ;  when  the flmfolX  „e?n  ;r  V *£  T  rabLfolutel>r  neceffiry  t0  Put  this  city  in  a  very  good  po- tui  e  of  defence.  In  the  progrefs  of  that  war,  in  his  fon’s  reign,  the  Scots  made  fuch  inroads mmrnefi0Untryr  Pjnetratu  fat  as  the  very  gates  of  York,  though  they  durft  not  at- ?  MM  •!"  ?d‘?ard  the  tblrd  s  r“gn,  1  have  g»ven  a  mandate,  from  the  Fecdtra,  for St  "h  s  CKy  “  betteur  repur  as  “  ns  fortifications,  with  the  method  how  the  charge  of he  ?n„“|  b  b0rn'  Thut  the  walls  were  tenable  againft  the  conqueror  isalfo  taken  notice  bn  in was  ftmiVlv  1  f01?el ■  he,re  -°  men-tion  that  there  is  evident  tellimony  that  this  city was  fhongly  walled,  as  well  in  the  times  of  the  Saxon  and  Dani/kj  wars,  as  in  the  time  of  the liman  government  sn  Bntain.  It  appears  in  later  times  that  fir  miliarn  Todd  merchant  was .  eat  bcnetadl01  to  the  reparations  of  thefe  walls;  two  infcriptions  near  old  Filhergate-bar fin  tor  in"  h!  Zmg  H  mUCh-  The  r  “.th*  Under  a  Pie“  °f  “different  ibulpfurc  of  a Wilblmtrl b“’  and  a  ™mln  kneehng  by  hirn,  3.  sr,om.  ep.CCCC.LXtxim  fir S  '  n  )  "tcUr  joituatcs  fornc  tyme  Iras  did  ftps  toff  dtwfelft.  Near  thi*  on  a T  ™atP  LC,,7 sarms’  “  a £?.«CCC.Il*wa33.  fir  William  So#  faridf o":  y  s, toa31'nayDC  m  Slta  Oayes  Ip  ycrDys.  This  fcnator’s  name  is  alfo  on  a ltonc  on  the  platform  on  the  louth-fide  Micklegate-bar.  After  the  fiege  of  York  1644.  the v-CTethen°d  lnftS2anneedn°frepalrSi  accordinS1y  thenextyear  they  were  begun  by  them  that -ue  then  matters  here,  but  \yere  three  years  in  perfeffing;  for  Walmgate-bar,  which  fuffer- *  L™1 11  ,rom  a  “rnble  battury  upon  Lamel-bill ,  and  being  undermined  in  the  liege,  was paired  as  appears  from  an  infcription  under  the  city’s  arms  over  the  outward  ^ate  viz Z'n'.'  l66„6'  ;he  'Talls  ?Pthe  were  repaired  betwixt  Monk-bar  unA°Laythorp- p  Jiern, ,  as  alfo  near  Bootbam-bar  1669,  at  the  charge  of  the  city.  Amo  1673,  the  walls  be- T  £  11  almSc“‘-bar  and  the  Red-tower  were  taken  down  and  repaired.  In  th^watry  fituation At  /un  all  upon  arches  as  they  do  in  other  places  which  want  that  fupport.  Vit  what frnrn  w°  the  oraam,e,nt’  lf  not  t0  the  ftrength  of  the  city,  are  the  reparations  of  the  walls bar  Nrlti  to  Skelder-gate  pofterns  ;  and  again  from  Fijher-gate  poftern  to  Walmgate- “  '  ™efe  )vere  °,f  .late  years  levelled  upon  the  plat-form,  paved  with  brick,  and  made commodious  for  walking  on  for  near  a  mile  together ;  having  an  agreeable  profpeft  of  both £  ™  “d  “unffy  from  them.  This  makes  it  to  be  wifhed  that  the  ramparts  on  the  infide svdk  Of  ?^.“1out,for  prl™te  gardens ;  for  then,  where  the  rivers  would  permit,  a walk  of  this  kind  like  that  on  the  walls  of  Chefter,  might  be  carried  quite  round  the  city 1  he  city  is  divided  within  its  walls  into  four  diftrifts  or  wards  ;  which  take  their  name's IFdnigate^ward^  Sates  °P  the  city;  viz.  Micklegate-ward,  Bootbam-ward,  Monk-ward  and Mtdlegate-ward  is  in  the  fouth-weft  part  of  the  city ;  and  is  incompaffed  by  the  city’s  wall and  the  river  Ott/e  together.  This  ward  contains  fix  parilhes,  viz.  BiJhop-bUl  the  eld  Jr  and younger;  Tandy's,  St.  Martin's,  St.  John's  and  All-Saints. Bootbam-ward,  takes  the  north-weft  angle,  and  has  three  parilhes  in  its  diftrift,  viz  Bel- jray  s,  cat.  bllen  s  and  St.  Martin's. Monk-ward  lyes  on  the  north-eaft  of  the  city,  and  contains  five  parilhes  ;  that  is  to  fav Tnmty  s,  St.  Cutkberf  s,  St.  Saviostf s,  Cbrifi's  parifh,  and  St.  SampL's.  V' Walmgate-ward  is  fouth-eatt,  and  has  feven  parilhes,  viz.  St.  Margaret's ,  St.  Dyonis A.  George,  Crux  parilh,  Allhallows ,  St.  Mary's  and  St.  Michael's.  Thefe  divifions  take  up place  '0  C  C‘ty  Wlthm  ltS  Wa  ls ;  excePt  the  dTe  of  tbe  cathedral,  which  will  fall  in  another B,tforr  n.h'iFV0  particularize  the  feveral  ftreets,  lanes,  (ic.  that  compofe  thefe  feveral wards,  I  fhall  take  notice  that  the  word  (g)  ©ate  is  not  with  us,  as  in  the  fouth,  taken  for a  port,  or  itraight  entrance  into  any  city,  town,  (Ac.  but  for  an  open  paffage,  ftreet  or lane;  being  ufed  as  an  adjunft,  as  Cajlle-gate,  Spurrier-gate,  Collier-gate,  and  the  like. n  Am  fe'vPlaces  called  fireets  in  York,  and  the  great  gates  or  entrances  to  the  city  are called  Itoarrs  b)  I  meet  with  a  number  of  names  afiigned  to  ftreets  or  lanes  in  this  city  in 01  records,  or  elfewhere,  which  are  now  changed  into  others,  or  the  ftreets  quite  loft,  as ©aftersale,  Ipammcrtcndaiie,  Btcfcgafe,  ifrcrcdaite,  SCJrufsafe, a,r  n  n  ’,.  !l  "  l'otu  cunVlcs  tof£s>  ^itclsate.-ortct,  tomngate,  ©lobeedatte,  &c. ut  1  haften  to  the  iurvey  ofthofe  that  are  now  in  being. (d)  By  another  mandamus  from  king  Edm  II  the dean  and  chapter  of  York  are  ttriftly  commanded  not  to hinder  the  gathering  the  fettled  tallage,  or  tax,  for  the repairs  and  fortifications  of  the  city  walls  and  ditches, which  they  had  prefumed  to  do.  Vide  append,  clauf, 14.  Ed.U.m.xz.dorfo.  J ( c)  Vide  annul,  fub  an.  1329. i  J)  ^r’- 1 4V>  William  Tode  mayor. (g)  <2>atC,  via,  q  J  iter,  tranfitus.  Bel g.  ©at.  Teut. ©atTe.  Dad.  ©.the,  Platea,  vicus,  omnia  ab  A.  S.  Dan. ire.  Skinner  &  dicl. (h)  Ud.urc,  a  Bc!g.  ©acre,  Repagulum,  Vetffis. Franco-Gaul.  Barre  Sc  Barreau,  veclis  &  cancelli  ’ tribuna - lis.  Datur  a  Cam.  Br  Barre,  veelis  nojlrae,  credo,  origi- nis.  Idem. ( b)  Mickle- Chap.  VII. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. i6$ ^th  a"d  'PacioUf-M.cL. to  it  is  a  noble  one  indeed,  and  Hill  bears  a  reftimn  1  ?  ^nd§e-  .  J.be  Port  °r  entrancen*Tt  »■*»» kingdom  can  boaft  of.  It  “  adorned  with  r?,7  °  n'E.  ““S'1"?  which  ,ew  »  the the  arch  aloft  hangs  a  large  Ihield  with  the  r 'ft  handfomely  embattled  ;  over on  each  fide  two  Idler,  w!th  the  arms  of  the  dr  f  E”flani  and  Franc‘  P‘linKd  and  gilt  5 Pipe-office  that  one  Baedia  Fitz-Enrelram  exvf  I  V  a*?Pears  b>'  a  record  in  the koufe  opon  this  bar,  and  fix  pencfannnal^ent  »  ^  J"?“  t0  build  a of  Richard  I.  But  this  does  n0Pt  afcem"n  the  aee  of  the  o?efU  T  .T7’  (l}  the  ciShtfl the  flower  de  luces  in  the  roval  arms  ire  nor  m  X  e  Pre^ent  ftrudlure.  Yet  I  obferve out  of  doubt  that  they  were  placed  there  before  Henrv°th  ^ ^/lU,mb^r  three, ;  which  puts  it that  gave  that  particular  numberTn  his  b™ rh,  r  T?  h  n  $  n?es  who  was  the which  had  a  mafiy  iron  chain  went  crofs  ir  then  T  bar  '?  ftrengthened  by  an  outer  gate double  wooden  gate,  which  is  c'ofed  in  p  a  port-cullis,  and  laftly  a  mighty  ftrong rafter  altogether,0  as  o an  fen  fo  dfica  ion Jhe8  ‘  ^  ^  Ic  has  the  cha Europe.  The  inf, de  was  T  ^  and  aUSufta  P°"  **  moft  in ISgoKf ription  upon  £ "~^sa rain  in  Frafce  ;  founded  by  Ralph  °f  "T ‘  in  Ton- Church  in  Fork,  given  him,  in fee built  mrS  h 'he  conSu|r°0  tlrne,  having  a  certain with  canons  and  ccclefiaftical  ornaments  md  ondo  h°,n0u.r,  of  Sj:  heretofore  ftored ed  by  milium  at  the  rendition  of  the  citV  fhl  “  ^a’  but  nOW  deftroy- God  therein,  granted  the  fame  to  the  abbev  n f  S  a/t  dfienl"§  t0  reftore  tlie  fervice  of SMST-*  fc  •  KnfflSSJ  2X £S3,fJS~t^ of  St.  James  without  the  bar.  ’  And  in  ’  ‘  JBClt®e£  111  #«dcgafe.  And  the  chapel ^O.Jfefljtrc,  he  gave  the  church  of  St  3lnhrt  of  •  i tithes  of  atoingfoir,  the  mediety  of  the  iuh  he  ha n  fT  T1Cate  of  land-  The cate  of  land  in  Waroclm  The  church  of  Wf,,  „  b,es  there-  Alr°  one  caru- tithes.  The  mediety  of  the  church  of  Cmtburn  Thef ' *’  parts  °f  bis  demefn with  the  tithes  of  the  other  pifearies  Two  ■  n  f .  Tfr  T"  °S  ®W’,  wuh  one  pTcary, Of  jfaccwoje  and  the  hall  tythes  there  Half  a  bnvar  and  J"  .©Kllgfllircrcj.  The  tithes wates  intofcr*.  The  chmch  of  Afonin *flZ£  andl"  h^T'0 '  ,Fourtt“  bo' two  parts  of  the  demefne  tithes.  The  cell  Cm 1  of fell d  Hj  ¥  'J*?  there°f>  witli church  of  JUDcs  with  the  hall-tithes,  and  haTf  a  canff  S’  ??  ?apd  °,^0ll)«h.  The rucats,  and  two  bovates  of  land  there  Thee]  i  r  1°.  blnd  »  as  alfo  two  other  ca- of  land  there.  The  church  of  gallon  with  the  haU a'ld  °"e  Ca?cate  and  half mefne  of  Rcukdpb  de  Rolli.  Two  parts  nf  ehlZ  h  c  -  T’  a?d  tW0  parts  of  the  tidres  de- bovates  of  land  in  fcectoft.  One  bovate  in  %heS  °u  Jpetoto11  fllPc,:.  ®«fe.  Two («)  The  whole  town  of  fefraffnn  md  Two  bovates  of  land  in  g^ntfcrfoir - church  of  St.  «toV42£^^t,thCS  there0/’f lnd  tithes  "f  »tr«fton£3.  Tte bor-frdin  ;  aflo  enthornTng  fnthe  wood'of  Kpf  ^  there'  W  F°Ur parts  ofrdeS?^^  church  of  JBarfon,  and  two Of  Kafrll  and  Kothburs.  Two  Darts  of  tl  'h  r  c  °f  f ' ’mgelflwjpe.  The  churches And  two  parts  of  ^ enfy  to  account  for  i  LAS.  is  / to  alfo  it  fignifies,  as  a  iubftantive,  miculus  mu, r,FW  L,B  ”«nrmm  Jigili,  the  tip 'of  the  fin T'ff-  ‘6-  zt  B“c  wbelher  this  ftreei  is  called  to Se=“ °fth"owaI  Iball  not  fay. 8  R.r. thhpl’Zf1'  T'  '■{■  By  the  conqueror's  fcvey this  Ralph  Pagan, l,  who  came  in  with  him,  held  at  that nme  ten  lotdlhips  m  „m.  Devon,  five  in  cam  Suffolk fifteen  m  a,.  li»f*.  and  fifteen  cam.  Dior.  Duo  Bor in  the  conqueror  s  time  he  Was  high  Iheriff  of  Tork- Jlurc.  Lot.  col  rnttcn-fameU,  N neparc-pamd  and  feveral other  towns  Hill  bear  the  name  of  this  family {m)  Mon.  Ang.  v.i.f.  ' ' (w)  Ex  origin  alt. (o)  Mon.  Ang.  564. O')  Idem. Rad. r6\ Mickle- gate  wa Sodom. Incont. Superft. Nelefon’j chantry  it. church. Mem  i Flos. Danby The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. (?)  Rad.  Parmantarius  granted  to  God  and  the  church  of  St.  ffirinttp,  and  to  tktwfc 1 D •  majoris  monafterii,  all  hi,  land  appertaining  to  two  oxgang  of  land  in  ffitwlo.O.  AltokU.* de  Prefton  granted  to  them  all  his  land  in  ©crcftJO  mgh  JLeOCB  rode.  And  Rober  ion  ot Jordan  do  Buggethorpe  gave  them  all  his  land  pertam.ng  to  four  oxgang  ot  land  in  ©ere- fo’D.  Heraldus,  fon  of  Ralph,  gave  to  them  one  oxgang  ot  land  in  jpifcclfielD.  And Adam  Fttz-Peler  granted  to  God  and  St.  Trimly  ten  acres  ot  his  meadow  m  SmoBt>alr. (r)  By  a  patent  of  Edward  III.  this  priory  lud  an  ample  confirmation  ot  all  its  poffefliuns  and PThisSbeing  an  alien  priory,  the  priors  thereof  were  always  preferred  by  the  abbots  *  ma¬ jor,  monafieno  in  Normandy,  the  proper  patrons.  It  was  tound,  by  mquifition  taken  the twenty  fourth  of  Edward  I.  at  York,  that  the  heirs  of  the  founder  claimed  no  right  m  the temporals  ot  this  priory,  upon  the  death  of  any  prior,  but  only  to  place  a  porter  to  fee thTt  the  goods  of  the  priory  be  not  ftoln  during  the  vacation.  And  that  when  a  pi  lor lliould  be^ deputed  by  the  abbot  of  Marmontier,  he  might  take  poffeffion  of  the  priory  with- °UFor^which  reafon  the  priors  being  neither  admitted  nor  confirmed  by  the  archbifhop  of the  province,  fays  Mr.  Torre,  they  are  not  within  his  regifter ,  therefore  a  catalogue  can- n0tlCMB7on  of  Sji  VIII.  this  priory  of  Holy  Trinity  Ebor  was  fur™^  "^/their prior  and  ten  priefts.  (s)  Valued  at  the  diffolution  at  cxcvi l.  xi s.  xd.  Dug.  See  their ft1n  the  compendium  compertorum,  by  Dr.  Legh  and  Dr.  ^  ofu^ gious  houfes  by  command  of  Henry  VIII.  thefe  crimes  and  fuperftitions  are  charged  upon this  fellowlhip.  j.  T  R  I  N.  E  B  O  R. Ric.  Speyte  prior.  Johannes  Killingbeck,  Willielmus  Graine,  Oliverus  Warde,  Ricardus Stubbas,  Ricardus  Prisfhowes,  per  vol.  pol. Ric.  Stubbes,  cum  fex  pueris  et  tot  feminis. Pnh  Parker  Brvanus  Braye  petunt  exuere  habitum  reltgiojum. veneratione  habent  Inam  cujufdam  dim  prions  hujus  domus,  partunenttbus,  ut  c,e- UvTS’Xrt  For  thye’foul  of  Corine  his  wife.  He  willed  the fame  to  be  called  by  this  fpecial  name  ot week  celebrate  for  their  faid  fouls  three  maffes,  i;x.  end  of each l-ifoanth^eferry  day  they  fay  for  th/  fouls  aforefaid  placebo,  derige,  with  accuftomary P^^For  the  fuftentation  of  this  chanty  a  rent r“7was  paid  by  the  king’s  majefty  Henry  VIII,  from  the UtThis  chuTch  i°nIw°ofStoUc^tbut  has  bee'n  abundantly  larger,  as  appears  by  the bu“rTheSft:eple  of  it  bdn  Reefing rebuilt  again  at  the  charge  of  t  e  pari  ,  ^  -  f^e  poun(j  annum ,  befides  the living  is  ot  tmall  value  now  and  is  in  the  kin  s  g  ,  P  ?  Mr  H  Ro_ parfonage  houfe ftandmg m  theeaft  corn^ o^6 ^  parilh  of  St.  Nicolas  according gers  mimfter  thereof.  To  this  was  united,  an.  i5»5>  the  PanIn to  the  ftatute.  Momnental  INSCRIPTIONS.  ~ -o-  (y)  ®ratc  p:o  anima  horntni  Kobctti  £l?etn  capcUani  allot  to'.po.is  Cljntti  an.  Dom. ,03.  I y>  r.  rujBg  amme,  jc. ,j<  ©it  jacet  83altcrus  Jrlos. On  a  copartment.  .. Epitaphium  in  obitum  Annae  uxoris  Chnftopheri  Danby  armigeri  ia«Ja^JJnaa ■  *  P  atiimam  bcatam  xi  die  Novembris  mdcxcv  anno  act.  Juae  93- (<j)  Omn.  ex  chart,  orig. (r)  Pm.  30  Ed.  HI.  pan  I. (j)  Burnet's  hill,  refer. (r)  Idem. (a)  MS.  Torre  p.  7S8- m.  14.  Vide  offend.  (*)  "";'f"tv*rImMr.  Dedfrmh  taken  m.  1618. Atropos. Chap.  VII. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. Atrcppi  baud  valui  (amen  banc  abfcindere  vitam. Tanta  intexla  fuit  vis  fie t ate  fua. Addidit  ipfe  mihi  Bens  fua  ftamina  vires : Mortua  nunc.  vivity  non  moritura  Deo. Hocce  mommmlum  exfadpti t,,,  jropwi/foAbftrupi  Danby  milili's  in  piam  defunBae  far  nrlrls memormm,  eretla  fiat  ,n  hac  bafilica  xv.  die  Jan.  mdcxvi.  *  1 5 Mickle- cate  war  b. On  another  copartment. John  Green  »/.Horfe%d  j'Mjeman  wbo  fatfbe.1^  „f  Aug,  I7o8.  mil* Arty, fourth  v'^Grec,  „o8 of  his  age.  Erected  by  his  brother  Mr.  William  Green.  1729.  J  }  7  8‘ On  a  brafs  plate. He  lies  the  body  of  Elias  MickletW  once,  lord  mayor  of  this  city ,  echo  ft  eafed  MickletWait; an-  1638. None^lfe  remarkable. b  JndedCryUtL0LtetToneVldt°X?  cal  kdTrindy  he  M"S houfes  built  by  Mrs.  Dtpvfin  and  »r,wine  merchants,  the  city  ^1170^  vvTt  S°°5 antienteft  deeds  and  hiftories.  that  I  have  yet  met  with,  vetus  bad "  or  a  b,  T Luted,  Tad  lub* be  of  the  lame  opinion,  eipeciallv  when  he  is  told  rlin-  ,-i,„  .  ,  at  ty^day,  mult full  of  foundation  Hones,  as  I  myfelf  have  obferved.  There  if  a"  T which  lays  that  when  the  biihop  of  Eh,  lord  chancellor  and  rewnLf  r  /  /  t,,r'cJe* to  pumlh  the  citizens  for  their  barbarous  tmflacre  of  the  Tew?  hekln  7-  '?S  C'“.™  ?°„wn rilf  over  to  the  cuftody  of  his  brother  Often  de  Lonrchaml  and  d  l  ^ ^  t  ie  ^ie~ caftle  in  veten  caftMaria,  which  king  mitiamiaA  rebuilt  *Lz)  There  j^5’"  •”  Ef"’  ?* it  p:  ZfiJSZ  ^  SK  abfuM  h  ■  T  iUC ^ Jiln^f^  the  "t^  T? **»  *  A&/L  then  archbifhop,  wWch  of  them  were  obliEedT'  the.  c,t.lzens  W  “d  f™- place.  The  caufe  was  heard  Lore  JfZ “  S'ti™  W  f  ™-?d  “>» archiepifcopal  palace  at  in  conncil  where  N: clinic  Tnlmt  ,  icndcnt  in  rhe alledged,  that  this  diftrift  was  the  exprefe  iSti  °  L Lm,^fKn  ™yorof  the  city cjty,  and  therefore  he  ought  to  fr™”  ^ repaired^  reft’inuhe  ^  and  therefore  beWed  3p5.&“ ‘i L 5SS"**  ,l“  “  — *  *  4  ~a  ’hi  ft I  have  nothing  further  to  add  about  this  ruined  antiquated  caftle,  or  what  you  will  call (*)  R.  Hovcdcn  fab  an.  1 1 89-90. (a)  Ex  regifiro  Ebor. Y  y  y The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Boon I. Sit  EL  0  E  R- G  ATE. Middle- ton’s  hofpi* tal. Mickle-  it,  but  that  the  area  ufed  formerly  {b)  to  be  a  place  open  for  fports  and  recreat  ons,  but catswArIms  now  enclofed  and  leafed  out  by  the  city  at  fix  pounds ■.  per  annum.  The  mount  which Camln  mentions  to  have  been  raifed  for  a  tower  to  be  built  on,  exaftly  correfponds  to the  citadTon  the  other  fide  of  the  river.  I  hope  it  will  not  be  thought  trivial  to  inform pofterity,  alfo,  that  this  mount,  the  pleafanteft  place  for  prolpeft  about  the  city,  was  planted with  trees  anno  1726,  by  the  late  Mr.  Henry  Pawfon  merchant  then  leaflee  of  the  ground, becaufe  in  time,  they  mull  be  a  particular  ctnament  to  the  city,  and  it  may  ferve  to  fa- tisfy  feme  people’s  curiofity,  in  future,  to  know  when  they  were  put  down  there. At  the  foot  of  old  bade  lies  &UclOergatc,  a  lonS  nlrr0'Y  ftreet  running  parallel  with  the river  as  far  as  the  bridge.  It  has  a  poiterngate  at  the  fouth  end  of  it  leading  to  Btjhopthorpe, and  was  widened  of  hte  years  for  coaches  and  carriages  to  pafs  through,  ™ I  luppofe  to  the  archbilhop  who  now  comes  always  this  way  into  the  city.  This  ftree rives  its  name  from  the  Dutch  (c)  word  heller,  iieloat,  a  cellar;  where,  when  trade  flou rilhed  in  York,  in  another  manner  than  it  does  now,  many  merchants  rebars  or _wareh°ufes were  kept  But  it  has  fmall  title  to  that  name  at  this  time,  except  from  the  noble  vaults built  in  it  by  the  late  Mr.  Pawfon  wine  merchant;  whofe  father  and  grandfather  were  of the  fame  bufinefs,  lived  in  this  ftreet,  and  were  all  of  them  in  their  times,  the  chief  traders, in  that  wav  in  the  city.  Betwixt  thefe  vaults  and  the  poftern  isa  publick  crane  for  weigh- ing  goodsyoui  of  mips!  lighters,  and  other  velfels;  the  ptoperty  ot  the  city,  who  put  ,n “fe  »  “e  this  ftreet,  of  the  foun^on  of  Mrs.  An * Middleton,  relift  of  Peter  Middleton  gent  who  was  one  of  the  lherf"  °L‘ ofyt’wentv 1618.  It  was  built  and  endowed  anno  .659,  for  the  maintenance  and  odS  "f poor  widows  of  freemen,  each  widow  to  have  four  pounds  per  annum,  he  an“ nomination  of  whom  was  left  to  the  mayor,  aldermen,  and  commonality  ot  the  city,  b the  ereftin®  and  endowment  of  this  hofpitalthe  faid  Anne  Middleton  gave  by  her  will  two hou&nd  P°ound;  bu°t  Le  confiderable  part  being  loft  in  ill  hands,  the  widows  are new  reduced  to  three  pound  per  annum each;  which  is  all hofpital  is  a  fquare  brick  building  round  an  inner  court,  the  tbom ^or  cells lare aU  on sround  ftoor,  the  doors  of  which,  number  one  to  twenty,  open  all  into  one  palla^e.  Over lie  front  door  is  placed  the  effigies,  in  ftone,  of  the  foundrefs,  with  an  infcription  on  each fide  uiving  an  account  of  this  and  other  her  charitable  gifts ;  but  lately  under  an  appear¬ ance  oef  cleagnin<r  it“he  letters  are  moil  of  them  filled  up  with  lime,  and  the  infcription  il¬ legible  On  the  back  of  this  hofpital  is  a  fquare  garden,  where  every  widow  has  a  pro- Xu rn in g  The  corner  of  "his  hofpital  up  a  lane  called  Kirk-lane  Hands  the  pariffi  church of  St.  Mary  Bijhop hill  the  elder ,  todiftinguifh  it  from  a  filler  church  of  the 1  fame -na™e  n it  This  was  a  reftory  (d)  of  medieties,  one  whereof  belonged,  antiently,  to  the  prior  ana convlnt oT Helafpalk,  afterwards  the  Merinos  Nevil  rand  the  crown -and  toother  to the  families  of  the  Per™,  Vavafours  and  lord  Scropes  of  Bolton.  Anno  1585,  the  pari m church  of  St.  Clements,  Without  Skeldergate  poftern,  was  united  to  this  church  according the  ftatute  ot  the  firft  of  Edward  VI. The  two  medieties  were  of  equal  value  in  the  king  s  book,  viz.  ^ Firft  fruits  —  05 Tenths  - -  00 Procur.  Scrape's,  med.  00 Church  of  St. Mart  the 06 06 d. 08 OO 08 1  cleft  CATALOGUE  of  the  RECTO  RS  of  the  P  RIOR  S  mediety. ‘Temp. inflit. Anno. 1293 1349 1367 j369 1436 1464 1478 1490 1496 Restores. Bom.  Rob.  de  Ebor. Tho.  de  Hutton,  prejb. John  de  Parys,  cap. Rob.  Sauvage,  prefb. Ric.  dc  Ilyklap,  prejb. Ric.  Hamerton. Joh.  Johnfon,  cap. Will.  Grendale,  cap. Chrift.  Plummer,  L.  B. John  Gibfon,  prejb. Patroni. Prior  et  conventus  de  Parco-Helagh. Will,  de  Morington. Kath.  reliSl.  Will,  praed. Bom™  Johanna  comitijfa  Weftmorland. Ric.  com.  de  Warwick. Idem. Hen.  VII.  rex. Idem. Vacat. per  rejig, per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort , per  refig. per  mort. per  refig. per  mort. It)  Camden Clauf.  «».  ‘  Ed.  III.  p.a.  m.  17.  dorp), there  v/is  a  queftion  moved  before  the  king's  council between  the  archbilhop  and  the  mayor  and  commona¬ lity  of  York,  which  of  them  ftiould  have  the  cuftody  ot a  place  called  the  olt>  bail  againft  the  aflaults  of  ene- mies  The  difpute  of  this  nutter,  very  iniperfeft  in the  city's  regifter,  is  given  in  ihe  appendix. (seller,  KclOar,  E rig.  Celia  anuria,  penana  Jen pempmaha  »  lal  eeUariam  e,  cell,,  a  cave  or  vault.  Slam m. (J)  Ex  MS.  Torre  /•  “ 1 3 -  ? Chap.  VII.  °f  the  CITY  of  YORK. Temp. inftit.  Restarts, Anno , JI5  Wiliam  Idi'e,  prejb. 1532  John  Bene,  prejb. John  Pulleyne. 1574  Chrift.  Alhburn. 1580  John  Grinfhawe. 1 605  Tho.  Longhor,  cap. 1607  Ric.  Whittington,  cap. 1613  Will.  Bolton,  cap. ’The  fame Patroni. Hen.  VIII.  rex. Idem. Idem. Eliz.  reg. Eadem. Jac.  rex. Idem. Idem. r  the  lord  S  CROP  E’s  tnediety. it? Mickle - Vac  at.  gats  ware; per  refig. per  refig. per  refig. per  mort. per  cejfion. per  cejfion. Temp. inflit.  Restores. Anno 1267  John  de  Chefterfield,  cl. 1267  Rob.  de  Herlington. 1271  Will.  Sampfon,  cler. 1280  Symon  de  Chaterton. 1313  Galf.de  Boulton,  cap. 1333  John  de  Efton,  prejh. 1349  Ric.  de  Manfield,  cap. Horn.  Joh.  de  Lunde. 1398  Hen.  del  Cotes,  prejb. 1407  Joh  de  Chelhant. 1412  Rob.  de  Morton. 1416  Will.  Sharrowe,  prejh. 1416  Will.  Hackford,  prejb. 1443  Joh.  Midelton.  cler. 1447  Rob.  Slake,  cap, 1449  Joh.  Melote,  cap. 1450  Rob.  Cartwright,  prejb. 1451  Henry  Cliffe,  prejb, 1485  Reginald  Swayle. 1500  Hen.  Richardl'on. 1505  Ric.  Petonfe,  prejb. 1507  Sim.  Hedrington,  prejb. 1511  Rob.  Thornton,  prejb. 1514  Tho.  Johnfon,  prejb. 1517  Dorn.  George  Bradridge. 1518  Rog.  Alhby,  prejb. 1522  Rob.  Newton,  prejb. George  Dryver,  cler. 1589  Joh.  Grymlhawe,  cler. 1605  Joh.  Sceller,  cler. 1614  Hen.  Rogers,  cler. 1622  Hen.  Proper,  cler. x  668  Will.  Stainforth,  cler. Patroni. Dom„a  Agnes  de  Percy. Down  Rob.  de  Plompton,  mil, [oh.  le  Vavafour,  miles. Idem. Horn.  Hen.  le  Scrope,  miles. Idem. Dom.  Ric.  le  Scrope  miles,  dom.  de  Bolton. Idem. Idem. Tutor  Ric.  le  Scrope. Dom.  Ric.  le  Scrope  Dom.  de  Bolton. Idem. Idem. Hen.  Dom.  le  Scrope. Will.  Cheffever  ct  Marg .foror  Dom.  le  Scrope. Idem. Idem. Idem. Joh.  Dom.  le  Scrope. Hen.  dom.  le  Scrope  de  Bolton. Idem. Idem. Idem. Idem. Idem. Idem. Idem. J.  G.  L.  D.  ajjig.  dom.  Scrope, Idem. Idem. Ajftgn. Car.  I. Tho.  com.  Rivers  jure  coher.  T .  dom.  le  Scrope, Vacat . per  veflg. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  reflg. per  reflg. per  mort. per  reflg. per  reflg. per  refg. per  reflg. per  mort. per  mort. per  reflg. per  reflg. per  reflg. per  mort. per  refg. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. Bafy’i  chantry. '  There  was  a  chantry  the  12'1  of  May,  1319,  founded  in  this  church  of  St.  Mary  Bi- thophill  the  elder,  at  the  altar  of  St.  Katherine  virgin,  m  the  chapel  thereunto  annexed,  by Roger  Bafy  feme  time  citizen  of  Tork  ;  to  pray  for  the  foul  of  the  founder,  Sc.  Valet  ds claro  40  /. Mr.  Torre’s  chantry  priefls  omitted. Bafy’r  fecond  chantry. (e)  Founded  by  Elizabeth  Bafy,  April  4,  14°3-  to  P*^’  3t  ,the  ar°reffd  a,ItaJ  of St.  Katherine  in  this  church  -,  and  to  pay  thirteen  poor  people  yearly  on  St.  Lucy  s  ay, which  was  the  day  of  her  burial,  thirteen  pence  each ;  having  an  annual  rent  out  ot  the moiety  of  the  manor  of  ffillbjougl)  ( f)  in  com.  Ebor.  Valet  de  claro  61.  57.  d The  fabrick  of  this  church  dilcovers  a  great  quantity  of  mill-ftone  grit  to  be  wrought up  in  the  walls  of  it.  The  church  being  run  much  to  ruin,  the  panlhioners  built  a handfome  fquare  fteeple  of  brick,  anno  1659,  and  repaired  the  root  of  it,  Si.  e (e )  The  original  of  this  chantry  is  in  the  chamber of  records  in  the  council-room,  Oufebridge,  drawer  5. Value  from  Dodf.  eoll.  umbo. (f)  Seven  pound  rent  per  annum  out  of  the  manor of  Bilburg.  ut  pant  per.  pat.  4  Hen.  IV.  p.  1 .  m.  2. infide 268  77j?  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book I. Mickle-  infide  is  divided  into  two  ides  by  on?  row  of  pillars:  monumental  infcriptions  in  it  are gate  w»rd.  thefe Noniety  >J<  l3ic  jaccC  fpasatte  matte  Jotjaums  .funtfielj’pe  cite  cujus  atiime  pjopifictur  SDcus +l(’'  amen, wrftbc.  i486.>B  Tpic  jacct  gpatiloa  Wcffbc  quondam  um  EMliclmi  ®tcttbe  qut  obtff  etit  die  mentis auguttt  an.  Dom.  spCCCC  LIJX3J,  cujus  ammr,  ft.  amciT, Curtas.  *e57-  John  Curtas  departed  this  life  Oittober  1 3 .  an, Deborah  bis  wife  1 657. Mitchell.  tfere  ncth  t!x  i„iy  0j-  Thomas  Mitchell  fan  of  Robert 'Mitchell  of  Hooke,  who  departed  this life  November  23,  1682. wiiton.  1425- ,^tC  jacef  Ctjonias  Wlfot T  quondam  ef  (Siena  uyo> ejus  qui  obttt  qutnto  Die  nuenfis  j^obembrts  anno  00m  Sp  d€<L€  cuius,  $c, Pawfon.i  677.  Here  lielh  the  body  of  John  Pawfon  merchant ,  who  departed  this  life  the  4,h  of  Auguft,  1677 John  Cook  departed'  this  life  December  17,  1642. Later  epitaphs,  which  are  remarkable,  are  the#, A  copartment. ARMS. Gules  a  chevron  between  three  lions  paws  eredted  and  erafed  or. On  an  efcutcheon  of  pretence. Argent ,  a  fefs  in  chief,  three  mullets  fable ,  the  middlemofl  pierced  of  the  field. In  memory  of  Elias  Pawfon  efquire.  He  was  an  alderman  of  this  city ,  and  lord-mayor  in  the year  1704.  He  died  the  5"1  of  January,  1715.  aged  forty  four  years.  His furviving  iffue  by hiswfc  Mary  the  daughter  of  Mr.  William  Dyneley  of  this  city ,  was  three  fans  Henry William  and  John,  and  three  daughters  Mary,  Sarah  and  Dorothy. - - His  faid  wife  died June  2,  1728.  aged  58 years. Grave  ftones. Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Elias  fon  of  Elias  Pawfon  merchant ,  who  died  the  12th  of  Auguft,  anno dom.  1 700.  aged  2  years  9  ihonths. Alfa  the  body  of  Alice  bis  daughter ,  who  was  born  the  3  d  of  July,  1702.  and  died  the  fame Alfo  the  body  of  Elias  his  fon  who  died  the  3o'h  of  November,  1 765.  aged  4  years,  c  months and  7  days.  D Alfo  the  body  of  his  fon  Dyneley,  aged  19  days. Alfo  the  body  of  his  daughter  Elizabeth,  who  was  born  the  ift  of  September,  1606  and died  the  1 9th  of  Odtober,  1 708. Alfo  the  body  of  his  fon  Thomas,  who  died  the  n"1  of  November,  aged  3 years. Alfo  the  body  of  the  faid  Elias  Pawfon  efquire ,  who  died  the  5th  of  January,  171*5.  aged  44 Alfo  the  body  of  Mary  his  wife ,  who  died  the  2d  0/ June,  1728.  aged  58  years. Another  grave  ftone. Here  was  buried  the  body  of  Mr.  Henry  Pawfon  of  this  city  merchant ,  who  died  January  24, 173°.  aged  35  years  and  4  months. Alfo  the  bodies  of Elias  his  fon,  who  died  July  21,  1722.  aged  1  week. Martin  his  fon,  who  died  May  29,  1724,  aged  1  week. Elias  his  fon,  who  died  July  1,  1725,  aged  2  years. Catherine  his  daughter ,  who  died  November  26,  1730.  aged  3  years  and  6  months. On  a  copartment  north  of  the  altar  arms  impaled  : 1.  Gules,  a  chevron  entre  three  lions  paws  erefted  and  erafed  or.  V  aw  fon. 2.  Argent,  three  bars  gemels  gules,  over  all  a  lion  rampant  fable.  Fairfax. Pawfon.  1735  n  ....  Henry  Pawson, sheriff  1723.  e.  s,  and grandfon  of  Henry  P  a  wso  n  merchants  and  citizens  of  Yo  r  k  ; A  worthy  fin  0)  a  moft  worthy  father  ;  whofe  civilities,  bofpitalities,  and  charities,  not  only t  jis  pai  ijh,  this  city ,  but  the  whole  country  were  fenfibly  acquainted  with. Their  juftice  and  integrity  ran  parallel  with  their  trade  ;  extenfme  in  all. or  wi .  it  be  preemption  to  add,  that  as  this  truly  anlient  city  never  enrolled  a  worthier  ma~ g’Jt  rale.  than  the  father,  fa  could  it  never  boafi  a  citizen  of  a  snore  human  and  gentlemanlike difpofitwn  than  the  fon.  ' He Chap.  VII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  2<?c> He  married  Catherine  the  daughter  of  Robert  Fairfax  of  Steeton  efquire ,  by  whom  he  had Mickle- ftx  children  ;  of  which  the  chief  and  you  ngefi  fons ,  Robert  and  Henry,  only,  furvived  him.  GATHVVUr He  died  January  24,  1730;  aged  35  years. Names  and  arms  in  the  windows  remarked  by  Mr.  Bodfworth  *,  in  the  choir  window, 4Di-ate  p?o  amma  oomtnt  Kobcrft  £>atjase* pirate  p;o  com.  BJoljanue  Sl^anfieio. In  the  fame  window  two  coats,  viz. Six  eagles  heads  erazed  or. Three  funs  or. In  the  north  choir,  called  Fairfax- chapel,  becaufe  it  was  the  feat  and  burial  place  of  that family,  when  they  lived  in  this  parifh,  is  a  copartment  put  againll  the  wall  without  in- l'cription,  but  fet  about  with  thefe  arms,  viz. Argent ,  three  bars  gemels  gules,  over  all  a  lion  rampant  fable.  Fairfax. Fairfax  as  before ;  impaling Azure,  three  crefcents  or.  Ryther. Then  Fairfax  quartering Argent,  on  a  fefs  fable,  between  three  flower  de  lyces  gules,  three  befants.  Thwaites. A  copartment  for  Mrs.  Mary  Fairfax  daughter  to  Henry  lord  Fairfax  of  Benton ,  who died  September  24,  1716.  Arms  in  a  lozenge.  Fairfax. Other  inferiptions  in  the  church  and  church-yard  are  upon  Ralph  Toward  gentleman, John  Ratcliff. \  Henry  Bungworth,  William  Ricbardfon,  Robert  Wilfon ,  William  Ramfden , Alexander  Harrifon ,  Robert  Winn  and  his  fon  John,  &c. A  piece  of  ground  oppofite  to  this  church,  fouth,  is  the  'quakers  burial  place  ;  in  which are  fome  tombs,  and  fome  inferiptions,  but  none  remarkable. North  of  this  church,  but  in  the  parilh,  (lands  the  jkeleton  of  a  large  manfion  houfe, known  by.  the  name  of  Buckingham-houfe.  It  was  built  by  Thomas  lord  Fairfax,  (g)  and  BuCKINt;'. after  his  death  came  to  Villars  duke  of  Buckingham ,  who  married  his  daughter  and  heirefs. HAM  hou^c’ When  that  great,  but  unfortunate,  nobleman  was  banifhed  the  court,  and  had  run  his  vail eftate  into  difficulties,  he  chofe  to  retire  down  to  ‘Fork.  Here  he  lived  for  fome  time,  and, according  to  his  natural  gaiety  of  temper,  fet  all  thofe  diverfions  on  foot,  in  which  his whole  life,  hitherto,  had  been  fpent.  The  miferable  circumftarvces  that  great  man  died  in, in  this  country,  this  his  houfe  feems  ever  fince  to  have  mourned  •,  the  tide  to  the  ground it  (lands  on,  as  well  as  the  large  and  fpacious  gardens  beyond  it,  having  had  fo  many equal  claimants,  that  the  houfe  is  daily  dropping  away,  and  is  at  prefent  in  a  fad  ruinous condition.  I  am  told  that  Thomas  Fairfax  of  Newton  efquire,  has  now  got  over  the  dif¬ ficulties  and  queries  in  law,  and  come  into  a  good  title  of  it  ;  if  fo,  it  may  again  raife  its head.  For  it  is  great  pity  this  fine  fituation,  by  far  the  bed  in  the  town,  with  a  noble afeent  to  it  out  of  Skcldergatc ,  and  gardens  extending  to  the  ramparts  of  the  city  walls  be¬ hind,  fhould  not  fall  into  fome  perfons  hands,  who  would  alter  its  prefent  condition,  and render  it  both  ufeful  to  thcmfelves,  and  an  ornament  to  the  publick.  Here  is  an  outfhot from  this  houfe  which  I  am  told  was  built  for  the  duke’s  laboratory  in  chymiftry.  Which myilery  he  expended  vail  fums  of  money  in;  and  if  he  did  not  find  out  the  philofopher’s (lone  by  it,  it  is  certain  he  knew  a  way  of  diflolving,  or  evaporating,  gold  and  other  me¬ tals,  quicker  than  any  other  man  of  that  age  •,  or  fince,  except  in  the  perfon  of  another  no¬ ble  duke,  lately  dead,  of  as  exalted  a  genius  as  the  former. Higher  up,  on  BiJJjopbil,  and  near  adjoining  to  the  back  of  the  priory  of  St.  Trinity , Hands  a  parilh  church  called  St.  Mary's ,  Bijhophill,  the  younger. This  church  was  efteemed  one  of  the  great  farms  belonging  to  the  dean  and  chapter  of#  Mary’s Fork-,  and  by  them  ufually  demifed,  with  the  advowfon  of  the  vicarage,  to  one  of  the  ca- younger, nons  refidentiary  at  the  rent  of  fixty  marks  per  annum,  being  called  the  farm  of  Coplliam tljoipc.  The  town  of  Copmantljoipc  belongs  to  this  church  and  parilh  of  St.  Mary,  the dean  and  chapter  having  the  tythe  corn  and  hay  thereof;  ufually  let  to  farm  at  the  rent  of 1 6 1.  per  ann.  The  town  of  iDbei^popilfon  belongs  to  this  parilh  alfo  ( h). Feb.  21.  an.  1449.  an  arbitration  was  made  between  the  dean  and  chapter  and  the  abbot and  convent  of  St.  Mary's  York,  that  this  church  of  St.  Mary  3U5ifl)opI)iiI  fhould  receive  the tythes  of  certain  faggots,  and  AJlelwode,  in  the  Wood  called  jsutljtUQDf,  againll  >Dbgr* popiltoir  ( i ), The  vicar  of  this  church  hath  for  his  portion  the  oblation  of  his  parifhioners,  mortuaries and  perfonal  tythes,  alfo  the  tythes  of  orchards  and  nurferies,  and  increafe  of  cattle,  for which  he  (hall  caufe  the  church  and  chapel  honejlly  to  be  ferved,  and  pay  yearly  to  the  far- (g)  It  appears  by  feveral  antient  deeds  that  I  have feen  n  the  cuftody  of  Bryan  Fairfax  elquire,  that  the lite  of  this  houfe  in  Skeldergate,  and  the  gardens  on  Bi- fhophill,  was  purchafcd  from  feveral  hands  by  Thwaites ; fioin  whom  it  came  to  the  Fairfax’s  by  a  marriage  of the  heirefs  of  that  family,  temp.  Hen.Vlll. (h)  Ex  MS.  Torre/.  697. (i)  hlem  j  fed  notand.  tn  cu/lodi.i  clcrici  ref.  Cbor. cum  lit ’  G. Z  z  z mer 270 Mickle- cate  WAR] Demlo. Printer  1 597. Croftby  1383. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. fner  of  the  chapter  of  York  20  s.  All  the  refidue  the  canon  refidentiary  hath  for  fortv •mark  (k).  _  /.  £ Valor,  in  the  king’s  books.  Firfl  fruits  - -  . - .  10  00  00 Tenths  ■  - -  -  —  00  10  00 Subfidies  -  - - -  00  06  08 (l)  A  clofe  CATALOGUE  of  the  VICARS  of  St.  Mary  Bjshop-hili,  Nova. Temp. infiit.  Vicarii  eccl. Anno 1317  Tho.  de  Middleton,  cap. 1320  Joh.  Brown,  prefb. 1336  Hugo  de  Acclom,  prefb. Hugo  de  Saundby. 1349  Hugo  de  Thornton,  cap. Walter  Midelham, 1361  Gal.  Poynings,  prefb. 1364  W.  de  Copmanthorpe. 1 365  Tho.  de  Lincolne. 1369  Ric.  de  Appelby. 1370  Will.  deThorle. Will.  Burton. 1407  Joh.  de  Akum,  S.  T.  B. 1410  Ric.  Erghes,  prefb. 1415  Will.  King,  cap. 141^  Will.  Baumberg,  cap. Will.  Burton. 1417  Will.  Baumberg. 1425  Tho.  Euphame,  cap. 1441  Tho.  Deighton,  cap. 1451  Joh.  Evenwode,  cap. 1470  Will.  Brand,  decret.  B. 1472  Thomas  Betfon,  prefb. 1475  Rob.  Danby,  cap. 14S0  John  Mirfiete,  cap. Joh.  Ripley,  prefb. 1504  Joh.  Collyns,  prefb. 1522  Tho.  Marfer,  cap. 1531  Rob.  Hill,  prefb. 1541  Rob.  Necham,  prefb. Tho.  Laut,  prefb. 1557  Will.  Dakyns,  cl. 1558  Will.  Hayton,  cler. 1558  Rob.  Norham,  cler. 1573  Ed.  Swayne,  cler. John  Whitgift,  cler. 1620  Marm.  Gibbons,  cler. 1632  Ric.  Johnfon,  cler. 1638  Hen.  Mace,  cler. 1662  Will.  Preflon,  cler. 1670  Ric.  Prodter,  cler.  M.A. Patroni. Firmar.  decan.  id  cap .  Eb©r. Idem. Cap.  Ebor. Tidem. Firmarii  cap. Cap.  Ebor. Firmarii  cap. Idem. Firmarii  decani  et  capituli  Ebor. Affgnati  decani  el  capituli. Decani  et  capituli. lidem ,  &e. Archiepifcopus  per  lapfim. Vacat. per  refig. per  mort: ■per  refig pr  refig. per  refig. per  mort . per  mort. per  refig. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  refig. per  refig. per  mort. per  refg% per  r  efig. per  refig. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  refig. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. remov. per  mort. This  church  Hands  at  the  confluence  of  three  lanes,  viz.  Trinity-lane ,  Bifbop-hill  and Fetter-lane  (m).  It  is  a  large  church  but  not  handfome,  the  fteeple  being  the  largeft  fquare tower  of  any  parifh-church  in  town.  _  The  north-fide  of  this  fabrick  is  almoft  wholly  built, with  large  and  mafly  Hones  of  the  grit,  on  fome  of  which  may  be  traced  the  moldings  of the  regular  orders.  Ancient  epitaphs  preferved  by  Mr.  Dodfworth  are  thefe  : ^  iDjate  p;o  animabus  tKUtlliclmt  £>cmlo  et  q^atitoe  et  Bjoljamte  uxoi.  cjus. ^ere  Iped)  tfjc  boDp  of  Kobert  pointer  late  of^Dbcppopilton  peomair,  trfjo  occcafcD  Jfcb.  jfbtii. in  pl.pcre  of  reign  of  our  fobercign  laDp  queen  Clijabctfj  £>.  1 597. £D;afcp:o  animabustCIilltclmt  droftbpnuper  De  c^bo:.  CartUingfjt  et  Jobanneet  sparga* rcte  uro?.  ejus,  qut  quioem  Mtlliclmus  obitt  Die  SDccembns  3.  £>.  ^CCCCIL£££3I3f3(. (k)  Ex  MS.  Torre,  f .  697-  £>cj>ntc  fl^arp-gatc,  juxu  but  I  know (l)  Ex  MS.  Torre,  f  698.  not  where  to  place  it. (m)  I  have  met  with  the  name  of  a  ftreet  here  called ^flP;atc Chap.  VII. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. I71 ^£D^atc  pjo  animabus  ilBjtani  a&toolefcm  armigcrt  et  rtjrilfiaitc  trots  ejus,  qut  quioehi  Mickle* 515^ianus  obtit  bt.  Die  mentis 3fanuarii  3n.  SDom.  nomtgefimo  fecunDo  quorum  mUiw*"' animabus  p^opittetur  Deus.  flmcn,  ,492‘ On  the  fame  Hone  are  thefe  arms  in  brafs  : 1.  Fretty  on  a  canton  a  crefcent ;  impaled  with  three  grevhouhds  courfant.  Middleton and  Maliverer. 2.  Middleton  again. 3.  Middleton  impaled  with  a  lyon  rampant. £D^ate  p^o  antina  Bfaijflnnis  SlCopham,  qut  obttfc  bt,  Die  mends  B!aiuiani  0u,  2DQW,  ToP'iain ^CCCC&£££3!3!,  cuJU5>  $c.  **Sz- AR  MS  in  the  church  windows  1684  (n). Azure,  three  funs  or  liars  with  divers  rays.  S.  Wilfrid  (Mr.  Torre.) York  See.  Gules ,  two  keys  in  faltire,  argent ,  in  chief  a  crown  imperial  or. Gules ,  fix  cloves  heads  erafed,  or. Quarterly,  1.  Or,  a  crofs  vert.  2.  Argent ,  on  a  chief,  gules,  two  mullets  pierced,  or. 3.  Argent ,  a  bend  ingrayl.  fable.  ^  4.  Barry  of  fix,  gules  and  ermine.  5.  Or,  a  crofs  vert. 6'  SA^ent\  t“rce  c‘ievrons  brafed  in  bafe,  fable.  Mr.  Torre  calls  thefe  the  arms  of  Huffy. The  only  remarkable  modern  monument  is  north  of  the  altar : Hie  facet  Maria  Prodler  Thomae  Proper  pharma copolae  chariffima  conjux,  bis  binis  foecunda  pro£tor liberis  reliftis,  virtutibus  foecundior.  9 Caflae  fi  que  mentis  alia  et  pudicae , A  qua  quod  fanbJius  intaminatae Difcant,  vel  ipfae  virgines. Lingua  nec  minus  parca  nec  prodiga : ".V:  Et,  quae  raro  convenire  folent , Et  placidi  oris  et  finceri  cordis ; Digna  meliore  monumento , Hujufque  degeneris  aevi  memoria Et  imitatione  digniffima In  coelum  afeendit. Aug.  23.  anno  Dom.  1698. Aetatis  44. In  the  church-yard  is  a  tomblfone  facred  to  the  memory  of  a  young  maid,  who  was  acci¬ dentally  drowned  Dec.  24,  1 696,  with  thefe  lines  inferibed,  faid  to  be  penned  by  her  lover which  I  readily  believe :  7  ’ Nigh  to  the  river  Oufe,  in  York’j  fair  city. Unto  this  pretty  maid  death  fhew'd  no  pity. As  foon  as  foe' d  her  pail  with  water  fil'd. Came  fudden  death  and  life  like  water  fpill'd. SrFW/,rfhenCvdr'o1  ajIa"e’J.a!I,ed  St-  Marlyn's-lane,  we  come  to  the  parilh  church  ofCmnteH St.  Martin,  which  ftands  in  Micklegate.  S;.  Marti». ,,  Th_ls  Ctmch.  was  “  ancient  reftory  belonging  to  the  patronage  of  the  barons  Trujlmtt then  to  the  priory  of  Wartyr,  after  to  the  lords  Scrape  of  Majam.  Anno  15S5,  the  church N:,Gr«P'  WIt,1?  a  1  lts  members>  was  united  to  this  church  of  St.  Martin,  and  the  pa- rim  thereof,  according  to  the  ftatute  i  Edw.  I. The  reftory  of  St.  Martin  is  thus  valued  in  the  king’s  books.  Firft  fruits  06  13  00 Or,  —  02  12  00 Tenths  —  oo  05  02  i Procurations  00  06  08 (o)  A  clofe  CATALOGUE  of  the  RECTORS  of  St.  MARTYNhv Temp. inftit.  Restores  eccl. Anno 1230  Dom.  Joh.  Trufbutt,  cap. 1306  Wal.  deScampflon. I323  Rob.  de  Scampfton. J349  J°h.  Freman,  prefb. 1357  Tho.  de  Bretby,  cap Rob.  de  Ferriby,  prefb. Patroni. Doma.  Elena  Trufbutt. Prior,  et  convent,  de  Wartyr. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem ,  &c. (n)  Ex  MS.  Rog.  Gale,  arm. 2 (•)  Ex  MS.  \oxrc, Vacat. per  mort. per  refig. per  refig. Temp . the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. Rob.  de  Nafferton. Joh.  de  Sharfe,  prejb. Rob.  de  Ferriby,  prejb. Rob.  de  le  More,  prejb. Joh.  Weftowe,  prejb. Tho.  Cliff,  cler. ;  Joh.  Newark,  cap. >  Rob.  Bryan,  prejb. Will.  Fethyan,  prejb. "Will.  Caleys,  prejb. .  Nic.  Bew,  prefb. Will.  Baty,  cap. (P)  J°h-  burton,  cap. 1  Tho.  Beelton,  M.  A. John  Harre,  prejb. i  Rob.  Jackfon,  prejb. Rowland  Helme. 5  Jac.  Forlton,  cler. Hen.  More,  cler. :  Jac.  F roft  vel  Scocke,  cap. i  Arthur  Hatfeld,  cap. 1-  Jofeph  Mafkwell,  cap. 1-  Philip  Nifbit,  cler. ’  Joh.  Bramhall,  cap. >  Joh.  Hunlup,  cap. )  Marin.  Gibbons,  cap. ]  Joh.  Bichall. i  joh.  Rawlinfon,  c.  M.  A. i  Toby  Conyers,  cap. 1  Sam.  Coyne,  cler. 2  - - Mompefion,  cap. Patron i. Prior,  ct  convent,  de  Wartyr. Vacat. Hen.  dom.  le  Scrope  de  Maffam. Idem. Idem. Joh.  dom.  Scrope. Idem. Idem. Idem. Idem. Ric.  dux  Gloceft. Sept,  coheredes  Galf.  dom.  le  Scrope. Rob.  Roos  de  Ingmanthorp. Will.  Tankarder. Tho.  Tankerder. Idem. Idem. Idem. Idem. Rob.  Lupton,  not.  pub. Thomas  Hoyle,  Hen.  Barker. Edvardus  vijc.  Mandevile. Tho.  Dickenfon,  B.  D.  R.  H.  R.N,  <Ac. Bryan  Dawfon,  Ric.  Clomley,  Rad.  Bell. Archie pifcopus  per  lapjum. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  rejig, per  rejig, per  rejig, per  mort. per  rejig, per  refig. per  rejig, per  mort. per  mort . per  mort. per  rejig, per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  cejfion. per  cejjion. per  rejign. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  mart, per  mort. This  church,  fometimes  called  St.  Martyn  cum  Gregory,  is  a  handfome  flrufture  The fteeple  of  it  being  very  ruinous,  was  taken  down  to  the  foundation  and  rebuilt  at  thecbarDe ot  theparifhs  the  firft  Hone  of  it  laid  July  1 6,  1677.  Anno.  1565,  John  Been  lord-mayor gave  one  hundred  marks  to  buy  three  tuneable  bells  lor  this  church.  And  m  the  year  16  0 a  new  clock  and  dyal  was  put  up  in  the  fteeple  at  the  proper  coft  and  charge  of  Scab £  twin  of  this  parifh ;  widow  to  alderman  Bawtry. Mr.  Dodfwortb’s  ancient  epitaphs  in  this  church  are  thele: Burton  M7 5- *  The  meet  oominus  OTiUielmus  Burton  baccalaurcus  in  nrtibus  quonsam  rcrtonftius  Ktlc-- *  to,  , ut  obiit  mi  Die  spartii  an.  Dom.  9?.CCCC.a,*tl®.  cujus  ammo  p/opitictur  Dcus. 3men Gafcoign i486. ct,  mo  al,ima  Kicatbi  ©afeopne  tlintencr,  qui  obiit  btccBmo  quarto  Die  mcitlJs  Shto< ^bus  amfo  Donum  9?illcrnuo  CCiED  ottosdimo  ferto,  cujus  ammo  propitutur  Dcus. amen. Cattail.  1450. Trislc  jacct  Donunus  Ipcnrirus  Cattail,  quonDjim  capcllanus  Jujus  cantarie,  qui  obiit  iiti  Die ^  ^  jjcbiuarii  0n.  £Dom=  2p.CCCC.il.  cujus,  $c.  #nicn. Pcrfon  1490. Vic.  Ebor. '477- t  amma  -fiicholai  Ucrfon  quonDam  cibis  et  bicccomitis  ittius  cibitatis,  ct  pio ^animabus  auric  ct  Ctjialp  urojum  ejutoem  qui  obiit  bicefimo  me  apjilis  anno  t_om. In  the  weft  window:  „  .17, (q )  Quarterly,  i.  Argent,  amanch.^ato.  2.  Argent,  a  bend,  gules. Quarterly,  i.  Gafcoign.  2.  Gules,  a  lyon  rampant,  argent. In  the  chancel  a  copartment : Carter  1686. Lord-mayor 1 681 . TV/  /Iiium/  an  J  therefore  I  am  furpri  fed  to  ftnd  fo  few  epitaphs  tn ( t>  S  w£c  aiilies  of  good  Mr  M  ^  MS.  bar  thefe  face  his  time  Ua» .ccouotT  efpecislly  in  meictuodkc,  have  always  ref.Jctl,  ly  fill  up  the  fpac..  William Chap.  VII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  27j William  Tancred,  efq\  of  Arden  in  this  comity  •,  and  Frances  married  Richard  Colvile  efq\  Mtckle- of  Newton  in  the  ijle  of  Ely  ;  who  credit'd  this  monument  in  memory  of  her  dear  parents.  TheGATV-  VVARD- olher  furviving  daughter  married  Rich.  Pierfon  of  Lowthorp  in  this  county . On  the  ground,  an  infeription  over  the  above  alderman  : Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Thomas  Bawtry,  once  lord-mayor  of  this  city ,  who  died  Nov.  5,  1673.  LolTmay^1' Iiic  facet  corpus  Jehochuae  Earrifhaw  hujus  civitatis  wiper  prdefettus ,  qui  obiit  quarto  die  w cembris  amioque  Domini  1693.  1692.  aW Quod  fibi  quifque  ferit  praefentis  tempore  vitae ,  lonUmayor Id  fibi  meffis  erit  cum  dicitur ,  ite,  venite.  1692. Hen  ti:  tb  the  body  of  fir  Gilbert  Metcalf,  knight ,  late  alderman ,  and fometime  lord-mayor  of  this  Metcalf  1698. *7/v,  who  departed  this  life  Jan.  28.  in  the  41“  year  of  his  age ,  and  in  the  year  of  ourL,ril~Wor Lord  169S.  y  J  ,  ‘695, Here  lyeth  toe  body  of  William  Ramfden,  once  lord-mayor  of  this  city ,  who  died  the  io'h  ofR-inifdcn Auguft  1699,  in  the  75th  year  of  his  age.  ’  i699- In  the  body  of  the  church  :  1675^^ Sub  hoc  tumulo  cmduntur  cineres  reverendi  viri  Samuelis  Coyne,  5.  T.  B.  fil'd  Gulielmi  CoyneCoyns  1600. ue  Bolton  I  ercy,  nepolis  Gul.  Coyne  de  Overton,  in  hoc  agro  Ebor.  miniflri  •,  qui  pofquam per  decenmum coll.  Skin.  Su  flex,  apud  Cantabrigiam  fiijfet focius  ecclefiae  hujus  reft  or  evajit. In  linguis  doais ,  philofophia ,  mathematical  medicind ,  theologid  fngulari  inf  ru II us  peritid unde  ad  uirumque  illud  officium  paratus  accefft ,  ct  feliciter  adornavit ;  enm  amici  femper reperere  fdum,  confiantem ,  &  eorum  res  prompto  animo  procurantem ,  cximia  et  fibi  peculiari inonnn  Juavitate  et  candore  demerebatur  omnes  ■,  qui  et  eum  adhuc  chariorem  habuerunt  ob  in - Jignan  modefiiam  ac  humilitatem  inhume  fucatam.  Filiolis  obfervantiae  et  pielalis  erat  exem¬ plar vivum,  qui  fummoperc  fuduit  ne  matri  amaniiffimae  vel  in  minimo  difpliceret.  Munus quod  incumbebat  paforale  indefeffdcurd  et  diligentid  adminifravit :  quern  aliorum  utilitati fie  in- vigilant  em,  et  doll  rind  fand  et  innocentid  vitae  commiffo  gregi  praeeuntem ,  mors  non  inopi-. nata,  (utpote  quam  ipfe  Integra  fruens  valetudine ,  prope  infiar  praefagiiffe  videtur)  fed  imma- tura  lumen  corripuit  xiv.  die  Martii  A .  D.  M.DC.XC.  act.  37.  Beatus  ille  fervus  quern cum  veneril  Bom.  ejus  inveniet fc  facientem. Hie  facet  corpus  Sufannae  Bielby  uxor  Gulielmi  Bielby  de  Micklethwait-grange  arm.  obiit  Bjeibv  661 18.  die  Oftobris  A.  D.  1664.  7 M.  S. Richardus  Perrot,  coll.  Sidn.  apud  Cantab,  focius  S.T.  B.  et  Eboraci  deinde  concionator  pienlif-  Perrot  1 670. fwms.  Hie  tandem  requievit  anno  falutis  1670.  aet.fuae  42. Dorothy  Perrot ,  the  mother  of  this  Richard ;  John  Perrot ,  and  laftly  alderman  Perrot are  alfo  commemorated  on  the  fame  ftone. Here  refls  tbe  remains  of  Mrs  Frances  Bathurft,  wife  of  Charles  Bathurft  efT,  of  Clints,  daugh-z  athurftl724 cl  7 ’f  hF  X.T,homf.  Potter’  eA'  ani  granddaughter  of  Edward  Langfdale,  M.D. P  -f",?  jar  “j  Mai‘7’  J,ane,  “7  Frances'  She  was  a  P‘rfm  °f  excellent  accomplijb- ments  both  of  body  and  mind ,  and  adorned  the  fever al  flations  of  life  foe  went  through  •,  and  af¬ ter  a  long  and  fevere  tryal  chearfully  rcfgned  her  breath  in  hopes  of  a  bleffed  refurretlion , Jan.  24,  A.D.  1724.  aelalis  fuae Here  are  likewife  other  modern  inferiptions  over  the  latereftor  Mr.  Blower  and  his  wife ; tvirs.  uarjorth,  Daw  fan,  Sharpe,  Somner ,  Sowray ,  two  more  Per  rots,  &c.  which  the  eopi oufnefs  of  this  chapter  will  not  allow  me  to  infert. ARMS  in  the  windows  of  this  church  1682. Azure,  a  bend  or ,  and  a  file  of  five  labels  argent. Or,  a  bend  azure.  Scrope  of  Mafoam. Gules,  a  crofs  varry  ;  impaling,  or  three  chevrons  fable * Barry  ot  fix  or  and  gules ;  over  all  a  bend^z^r^. A  fefs  dancettee,  on  the  ftone  work  without  fouth.  Vavafour. dimred^ry  V/6  Mickle-gate,  and  near  the  bar  ftood  formerly  a  church  de- venr  ndf  S  7  fMas:  whlch  was  an  ancient  vicarage  in  the  patronage  of  the  prior  and  con- cboLfJfi'  TV  I  'l+55'  Ma'\'c  the  aPProPnation  of  the  church  and  altar (r)  of  St.  JW-*N  ,c«oias 7 h7nV 7  7  frn0r  °f  TrTy  “  be  ferved  a"f  fccuIar  Prieft  or  chaplain  CM of  T  7'  7  ,e  7Ute0  1  ¥W- VL  th,s  church  was  united  to  the  church  and  pa- leave  it.  h  h°USh  be  °re  "  madC  but  °"e  and  the  fame  vicarage.  And  fuch  I  fliall we7le  ,CaIud  a,"cientIy  foffts,  was  an  open  place  up  to  the  walls,  where  formerly  Torr- tv’s  records  h,.?!  ?  "C?t  Crtdaji  tor  live  cattle ;  as  I  find  by  an  ordinance  in  the  ci- .1457,  lor  all  oxen,  cows,  hogs  and  other  animals  for  fuftentation (r)  MS.  Torre,  f.  865. 4  A The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES Book  I. Tanner- row. Gregory- 1.  A  N  fc  . St  Grego- r  y  's  church. MewleyV hofpital. The  wonajlcry of  the  Fry  ar I’r  t  ACHEKS All-Sa  ists North-ftrcet. of  mankind  to  be  fold  there,  and  no  where  els  in  the  city,  fuburbs  or  precintfts  of  the •fame.  This  has  been  long  difufed,  and  the  place  now  is  partly  incloled  (s). From  this  goes  a  ftreet  called  Tanner-row ,  from  the  people  of  that  trade  refiding  much  in it,  their  tan-pits  being  on  the  back  of  it ;  it  opens  into  Mickle-gate  by  a  lane,  called  former¬ ly  Gregory-lane ,  where  once  hood  the  parifli  church  of  St.  Gregory.  This  was  an  ancient  re- dory  belonging  to  the  patronage  oi  the  prior  and  convent  of  St.  Trinity.  And  was  united to  the  parifli  of  St.  Martin  in  Micklegate ,  with  the  other  churches. Lower  down  in  Tanner-row  hands  a  neat  but  fmall  hofpital  founded  anno  .  by  the  lady IlczAey,  relicft  of  fir  John  Hewley ,  of  Bell-hall ,  fome  time  member  for  this  city.  This  lady died  a  prefbyteHan,  and  the  hofpital  was  defigned  for  ten  old  women  of  that  perfuafion, who  have  ten  fhillings  paid  them  every  firft  Monday  in  the  month,  and  coals  allowed.  But anciently  the  fite  of  this  place,  and  the  ground  beyond  it  was  put  to  another  religious  ufe ior  on  the  back  of  this  hofpital  is  a  large  fpot  of  ground,  belonging  to  it,  called  the  Fryars- ' gardens’*  in  which  did  anciently  hand  the  monaftery  of  the  Fryars  preachers  of  York.  This houfe  was  of  royal  foundation  as  appears  by  the  confirmation  of  their  charters  by  king  Ed¬ ward  IV  •,  which  proves  by  infpeximus  that  the  fite  of  their  monaftery  was  granted  them  by king  Henry  III.  It  recites,  that  this  king  bellowed  on  them  his  chapel  of  St.  Mary  Mag¬ dalene,  Handing  in  a  place  called  ivingestoftcs,  and  the  ground  about  it  exadlly  deferibed  by butmentsand  boundaries,  to  reach  to  the  city  walls  one  way,  and  the  king* s-Jt reel  the  other, for  them  to  build  upon,  &c.  This  charter  was  dated  at  IVefiminfier  the  eighth  of  March in  the  twelfth  year  of  his  reign,  or  anno  1228.  By  another  charier  o  £  infpeximus,  granted by  the  fame  king,  he  gives  to  this  priory  another  piece  of  ground,  near  the  walls  of  the  city, to  enclofe  for  the  enlargement  of  their  fite  •,  as  alfo  gives  leave  to  dig  another  well  for  one that  was  made  in  it,  (Ac.  Dated  at  York  Sept.  3,  in  the  fifty  fecond  year  of  his  reign,  or anno  12 68.  King  Edward  I  grants  them  three  toftes  with  their  appurtenances  towards  the enlargement  of  their  fituation  ;  the  ftatute  of  Mortmain  notwithftanding.  Dated  at  Lang¬ ley  Feb.  18,  in  the  twenty-fixth  year  of  his  reign,  or  anno  dom.  1298.  The  fame  king  by another  charter  grants  them  another  piece  of  ground,  as  is  exprefied,  contiguous  to  the court  of  their  monaftery  towards  the  water  of  Ouje-,  for  the  enlargement  of  the  faid  court. Dated  at  Stamford  Mayi.  in  the  28th  year  of  his  reign,  or  an.  Dom.  1300.  King  Edward  II.  in the  eighth  year  of  his  reign,  grants  thefe  monks,  for  the  fake  of  his  foul,  and  thofe  of  his ancefters  and  heirs,  two  perches  of  land  and  a  half  in  breadth  contiguous  to  their  fite,  of  the king’s  meafure,  viz.  twenty  foot  to  a  perch,  and  fifteen  perches  in  length  of  that  vacant fpace  called  lunges-toftes ;  to  inclofe  and  keep  to  their  ufe  for  ever.  And  becaufe  there  is  a well  in  the  lame  for  publick  ufe,  he  gives  them  leave  to  dig  another  well  at  their  proper  cofts in  fome  convenient  place  for  the  common  ufe  of  the  men  of  the  city.  Dated  at  IVefiminfier , AW.  15,  anno  1315.  All  thefe  former  grants,  by  infpeximus,  were  confirmed  to  this  fry ery by  king  Richard  II ;  and  becaufe  fome  part  of  their  inclofure  was  broke  down,  without  due procefs  of  law,  he  gives  the  fryers  leave  to  rebuild  and  re-inclofe,  and  to  hold  it  for  them and  their  fuccelfors  for  ever.  Dated  at  IVefiminfier ,  Nov.  24,  in  the  fifth  year  of  his  reign or  Anno  1382.  Lafily ,  king  Edw.lV.  grants  and  confirms  all  the  recited  charters  to  this monaftery  and  all  and  fingular  places  and  lands  therein  contained  to  them  and  their  fucceftors for  ever.  Witnefs  the  king  at  York,  June  21,  in  the  fourth  year  of  his  reign  or anno  1464. I  have  been  more  particular  in  the  account  of  this  monaftery,  becaufe  there  is  none to  be  met  with  of  it,  either  in  the  Monafiicon,  or  in  Speed’s  colleftion,  or  in  any  other  that I  have  feen,  but  in  thefe  records.  Whatelfe  relates  to  them  as  the  record  of  Henry  the  third’s original  grant  to  the  fryers  of  this  order  in  York  ;  and  his  mandate  to  the  mayor  and  bay  lifts to  deliver  the  aforefaid  places  up  to  them  for  their  ufe  the  reader  may  find  in  the  appendix. Being  of  the  order  of  mendicants,  or  begging  fryars,  they  had  no  lands  but  the  fite  of  their houfe.  The  fite  of  this  ancient  monaftery  is  now  a  fpacious  garden  ;  at  prefent  occupied  by Mr  .Tilford,  a  worthy  citizen,  and  whofe  knowledge  in  the  myftery  of  gardening  renders him  of  credit  to  his  profeflion  ;  being  one  of  the  firft  that  brought  our  northern  gentry  into the  method  of  planting  and  railing  all  kinds  of  foreft  trees,  for  ufe  and  ornament. The  church  of  All-faints  in  North-fireet  comes  next  in  my  way  to  deferibe,  which  is  an  an¬ cient  redtory  belonging  formerly  to  the  patronage  of  the  priory  of  St.  Trinity  aforefaid. Which  was  granted  to  it  temp.  Will.l.  and  was  confirmed  thereunto  by  the  Bull  of  Pope Alexander  II  (t).  ’  /.  s.  d. This  retftory  is  thus  valued  in  the  king’s  books.  Firft  fruits  -  04  07  06 Tenths  - -  00  08  09I Procurations  - -  00  06  08 (')  This  was  alfo  called  |£>agcaitt-grceu,  I  fuppofe  der  for  the  religious  cavalcade  round  theci  * tram  the  fraternity  of  Corf>.  Clmfli  drawing  up  here  in  or-  (t)  Mr.  Torre,  f.  601 . A  clofe 1 Chap. VII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. A  CATALOGUE  of  the  RECTORS  of  ALL-SAINTS,  North-fto 171 Mickle- cate  Wart, * Temp . injlit.  Re5lores  eccl. Anno 1241  Lan.'de  Ragenhill. 1245  . — —  de  Bello  homine. 1280  Joh.  de  Parlington. 1293  Nic.  de  Glouceftre. 1299  Hamo  de  Alverton,  aco- litus. 1301  Joh.  de  Redmild,  aco- litus. 1033  Gilb.  de  Semere,  prejb, I349  Rob.  Aldingham. 1 352  Joh.  Tanfeld,  prejb. 1 355  Joh.  de  Clone. 13 59  Wil.  Wrelcon,  cap. 1376  Rob.  de  Aplegarth. 1398  Adam  de  Litchfield. 1403  Joh.  de  Whitwell. 1406  Wil.  Ryall;  prejb. 1410  Joh.  Fowler,  prejb. Hi 3  Jac.  Baguley,  cap. 1440  Tho.  Fawren,  cap , 1472  Tho.  Lawrence. 1480  Hen.  Hudfon. 1483  Rob.  Hay,  cap. i486  Ric.Smalys,  cap. 1490  Tho.  Warwyck. Joh.  Hog.-.rd,  prejb. 1 506  Will.  Atkinfon. 1507  Tho.  Mafon,  cap. Tho.  Fryfton,  cap. 1 51 1  Rob.  Day,  prejb. 1512  Ric.  Oliver,  prejb. 1 535  Hen.  J°ye>  s-  T-  B- Rob.  Morres,  prejb. 1549  Rob.  Morres,  prejb . 1554  Chrif.  Alheton. 1 5  73  Sym.  Blunt,  cl. 1577  Georg.  Cawood,  cler. 1593  J°h.  Stoddert,  cler. 1627  Rad.  Vincent,  cler. 1674  Jac.  Hickfon,  M.  A. 1688  Joh.  Bradley,  cler. Patroni. Prior  et  convent.  S.  Trinit.  Ebor, Archiepifcopus  per  lapfum. Archiepifcopus  per  lapfum. Archiepifcopus  per  lapfum. Edvardus  III.  rex. Edvardus  III.  rex. Idem. Idem. Prior  et  convent,  prediof. iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Tidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Edvardus  VI.  rex. Maria  rex. Eliz.  reg. Eadem. Eadem. Carolus  I.  rex. Carolus  II.  rex. Jacobus  II.  rex. Vacai. per  mort. per  refig. fir  refig. per  mort. per  refig. per  mort. per  refig. per  re  fig. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  reftg. ■per  refig. per  reftg. per  mort. per  refig. per  reftg. per  inert, per  mort. per  mort. per  reftg. per  reftg. per  mort. per  reftg. per  mort. per  reftg. per  mort. per  cejfton. There  were  many  chantries  and  obits  belonging  to  this  parifh  church  •,  no  lefs  than  eight original  grants  of  them  are  amonglt  the  records  on  Oufe-bridge  (u).  Two  taken  notice  on by  Torre  are  thefe  ( x)  : John  Benge ,  chaplain,  founded  a  chantry  in  this  church  at  the  altar  ofSt.  Mary  the  virgin, to  pray  for  the  foul  of  the  faid  John  and  Hugh  Benges  and  their  anceftors. Anno  1407,  there  was  another  chantry  founded  in  this  church  at  the  altar  of  St.  Thomas the  martyr,  for  the  foul  of  William  Vefey  of  York  mercer.  Who  by  his  teftament,  July  28, I4°7,  bequeathed  one  meffuage  m  Micklegate,  and  one  hundred  pound  fterling  out  of  his goods  for  the  founding  thereof. 0;  There  was  another  chantry  founded  within  this  church  by  Allen  Hammerton  feme  time of  the  faid  city  merchant,  mi, am  Skelton  late  citizen  of  York.  John  Cation  of  the  fame,  and £.metta  his  wife  ;  yearly  value  4  l(z). Another  by  Adam  del  Bank,  littefter,  yearly  value  5 1.  6  s.  $  d. (u)  Drawer,  N°.  5. (x)  MS.  p.  615. (y)  Doilfworth’s  colleftions. (z.)  Sir  T.  IV.  gives  this  memorial  of  the  chantries  in this  church,  to  one  five  mefluages  Vat.  anno  1 1  Hen.  IV. pan  1.  m.  7  another  of  five  marks,  p.  an.  9  Etl.  II. pars  2.  7>i.  9.  Another,  John  Benges,  p.  an.  18.  Ed.  II. pars  1 .  m.  20.  Another,  p.  an.  7.  Ric.  II.  pars  I.  m.  22. and  p.  an.  2  Hen.  IV.  part.  3.  m.  6.  At  the  altar  of  St-  Pe¬ ter  in  this  church,  a  meffuage  called  i&caubols  p-  an. 2  Hen.  IV.  pars  3.  m.  6.  and  p.  an.  19  Ric.  II.  pars  1. m.  26. This The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  TookL 2  76 Mickle-  This  church  is  a  handfome  ftruclure  fupportcd  within  by  two  rows  of  pillars  which  makes cat e  ward,  three  large  and  lpacious  ilks.  The  painted  glals  in  tlie  windows  being  better  prtTerved  than in  any  parifh  church  in  town.  It  has  a  noble  fpire  lteeple  neatly  wrought  up  from  the  foun¬ dation  to  its  apex.  The  fouth  wall  is  very  ancient  being  built  up  of  grit,  fome  Roman brick,  and  pebble  ;  in  it  is  the  broken  Roman  infcription  mentioned  before.  Monumental infcriptions  are  thefe  ( a )  : South  quire. Afkwith  1609  Here  lyeth  the  bodies  of  Thomas  Afkwith  and  Anne  his  wife ,  lale  of  this  city  of  Yorke,  and fome  time  one  of  the  fheriffs  of  the  fame  citye.  Which  Thomas  was  borne  at  Potgrange,  who in  the  lxxi  year  of  his  age ,  and  the  xxix  day  o/Augufl:  1609.  departed  this  life,  leaving  be¬ hind  him  two  fons  and  one  daughter,  viz.  Chriftophcr  and  Alice,  whom  he  had  by  Urfula Sandwich  daughter  to  Robert  Sandwich  of  this  citye  bower  •,  and  Thomas  whom  he  had  by the  fame  Anne,  and  daughter  to  Robert  Elderker  of  Thoulthorpe  gent,  being  in  their  time for  good  kofj.it ality,  and  other  laudable  parts,  a  credit  and  ornament  to  this  citye. Arms,  Sable  on  a  fel's  or,  between  three  a  lies  paffant  a  crefcent  gules. UlC  jncct  Bofjanncs  be  SHTarOcll - and  on  a  plate  fixed  about  the  fame  ftone.  JaDjafe fpccialtfcr  p?o  antmabus  eoitlltclmi  Norton  et  itobcrti  Colpnfon  quonbam  majo:um  nbk tatis  Obo.\  et  Bfabcllac  tiro;is  eorunbcm,  quorum  animabus  pjopitictur  2Dcus.  Arnett. Here  lyeth  buried  the  bodye  of  Thomas  Atkinfon,  tanner ,  who  was  fometime  fheriff  of  this  citye of  Yorke,  who  departed  this  life  the  thirtieth  day  of  April,  A.  D.  1 642,  and  was  then  aged  7  j . Who  faid  often  upon  his  death-bed,  although  I  Jhall  dye,  yet  I  trujl  my  life  is  hid  with  Chrijl  in God,  for  when  Chrijl  who  is  my  life  Jhall  appear  then  Jfjall  I  alfoe  appeare  with  him  in  glory. Pad  dum  valui,  volui  dum  Chrijle  volebas, Mortuus  et  vivus  cum  moriorque  tuus. q<  4D?ate  quilibet  fpccialitcr  p:o  animabus  £homc  Clcrfec  quonbam  clerici  cibifatis  Cbo:.  ct totius  eommumtatis ;  ct  spargarcte  uro?is  cjus,  qui  obicrunt  rbi  biebus  jfekiuartt  ct  spar* fit  £1.  £>.  CCCC  quorum  animabus  p;op.  JDcus.  Simon. In  the  chancel.  Arms,  a  water-budget  in  chief  three  roundels,  impaling  a  chevron  be¬ tween  three  trees  erafed.  Under  the  fame. Hie  requiefeit witton  1674.  JOSUA  WITTON, Qui  ad  annum  aelatis  fexagefimum  pietate  et  cultus  ajfiduitate  adeo  facrarum  Uterarum  feientia non  vulgari  do  Plus,  largitate  et  continua  beneficenlia  egenis,  morum  innocua  jucunditate  omnibus charum  fe  praebuit. Ab  haevita  ad  meliorem  commigravit  A.  D.  1674.  diejunii  imo. Stodart  1599  likrc  Ipctlj  tljc  bobp  of  Man  late  totfc  of  Bohn  fetobart  clcrUc  parfott  of  ftps  rector,  baugfj* “  ter  of  Clement  fi>fcelton  of  Ipantoptefielb^aU  in  Cnmbcrlanb  cfqj  ano  feejeant  of  c^illcf* lano,  ano  beputp  toarben  of  CarliebeattU  unber  the  right  honourable  William  Io?b  SDaeres. mho  in  her  lifetime  luas  religious,  anb  fo  malting  a  goblp  anb  charitable  eitb  at  the  age  of rlii  pears,  tons  buricb  the  rtr  of  ifebruarp  in  the  pearc  of  the  reign  of  queen  Clijabefij  rlii* 0.  £>.  1599- At  the  head  alfo  is  written, Biohn  £)toba;t  elerfcc,  parfon  of  this  rettojp,  inburtcb  here  of  fpareh  1 593. Stcclon, Lont-tmyor 1446. Colynfon, Loril-mtij  or >457- . Atkinfon 1642. Sheriff  1 627, Clcrke  1482. Yfjrogwyk Londifd^: 1487- Graie. Lord-mayot q,  Tpic  jaccnt  Thomas  be  ^llpngtopltc  quonbam  cibis  Cbo;.  ct  Buliana  uro:  ejufbcm,  quo* rum  antmabus  prop.  £>cus.  flmcn. North-ifie. q<  0;ate  p:o  anima  Millielmi  ILonbifoall  be  Cbo;.  tanner  ct  p:o  animabus  Clcitc  et  Clitic uro;um  ci us . #.  2D.  Sip  CCCC fell .f  feptimo. South-ifle. q*  iDjatc  p:o  animabus  Kicharbt  Mlingholmc  ct  Bohannc  et  ipargarefe  uro:um  cjus. In  the  nave. jaccnt  Milliclmus  @#iie  quonbam  majoi  cibitatis  Cbo?.  ct  Kathcrina  uro:  cjus quo:um  an.  fc. COATS  of  A  R  MS,  &c.  in  the  windows ,  &c.  of  thi>  church. On  a  wooden  knot  over  the  chancel  roof  is  depi&ed  : Ermine,  on  a  bend  fable,  three  boars  heads  couped  argent. In  the  north  ifle  window  by  the  door  by  the  portrait  of  Blackburn ,  in  armour  kneeling, is  this  efcutcheon  : (a)  Ex  MS.  Tojrre. Creft Chap. VII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. Gules,  a  lion  rampant  cheeky  ermine  and  fable  crowned  or. Creft  a  lion  pajfant,  cheeky  ermine  and  fable. In  the  north  choir  fide  window  are  the  pictures  of  Nich.  Blackburn  and  his  wife  at  prayer. His  armour  with  fpurs  on  his  heels,  with  a  fhield  of  his  arms  upon  hisbreaft,  and  another over  his  head  (ut  fupra)  and  a  fcroll  ilfuing  out  of  his  mouth, tame  munus  nobis  rep. She  with  her  back  towards  him  holding  a  prayer-book  in  her  hand  Wherein  is  written* famine  falba  me  a  pertes  ef a  peccatis  .  ,  .  mourn Under  both  is  inferibed, 177 MrCKLE- fiAT  E  VV  ARB jDurtc  p.:o  ammabus  Jjitcfjolat  $6lafcbmme  fen.  quoiiDam  majorts  ciihtatis  <£bo?.  cf  spa^  Biakbumc. garetc  upojis  ejus.  Lord-mayor In  the  next  light  of  the  fame  windows  are  drawn  the  portraitures  of  Nicholas  Black -  +  9 burn  jun.  and  his  wife  kneeling  together,  fhe  holding  a  book  open  in  her  hands,  whereon sheriff  5. is  wrote, famine  in  furore  fuo  neque  tit  ira ♦  .  •  ♦  .  me  ♦  ♦  fua  ♦  . ARMS.  A  lion  rampant  (ut  fupra)  with  a  mullet  for  difference* fn  the  eaft  end  window  of  the  north  choir, Barry ,  of  fix  or  and  gules ,  over  all  a  bend  azure. In  the  weft  window  of  the  fouth  ifle, Argent ,  a  bend  azure. York  fee,  impaling  gules,  two  bars  dancette  ermine.  Ilarfnct  (b). Modern  epitaphs  on  Mr.  Matthew  Brftol  reftor,  who  died  1712,  on  Lakin,  Penny  man , Raifin ,  Etty,  &c.  are  omitted;  on  this  laft  an  ingenious  architect,  who  died  1709,  are thefe  lines,  ’ His  art  was  great ,  his  indujtry  no  lefs , What  one  projected,  th ’  other  brought  to  pafs. But  whofe  art  it  was  that  put  the  arms  of  the  antient  family  of  Alton ,  or  de  Etton  on  this ftone  I  /hall  not  fay  ( c ). In  Norlh-fireet ,  called  fo  from  its  fituation,  lying  parallel  with  the  river,  are  feveral  ex  m ceedingftrong  water  walls,  which  have,  no  doubt,  been  the  outworks  of  feveral  lar^e  st^Vet . buddings  and  ware-houfes,  belonging  to  merchants  formerly  inhabiting  in  this  ftreet Sir  T.  IV.  fuppoles  them  to  have  belonged  to  the  Jews  when  they  were  in  York ,  who  had houfes,  fays  William  of  Newburgh ,  in  the  city  more  like  princes  palaces  than  fubjetts  dwelling There  is  nothing  elfe  particular  till  we  come  to  the  laft  publick  building  undeferibed  on this  fide  the  river,  which  is  the Panfh  church  of  St.  John  the  evangelift,  commonly  called  St.  at  O/^-Wp-c- end.  o  ToHV, This  church  belongs  to  the  dean  and  chapter  of  York,  being  accounted  one  of  their  greater  Oufc-brid^e xarms,  and  rented  at  twelve  pound  per  annum.  &  e„d .  & Mr.  Torre  has  omitted  a  catalogue  of  the  curates  of  this  church,  but  has  given  us  the  fol¬ lowing  account  ol  three  chantries  ereded  here. (d)  Shupton  or  Briggenhall s  chantry  at  the  altar  of  St.  John  baptift. In  feflo  S.  Martini  in  hyeme  an.  dom.  1321. Whereas  John  de  Shupton ,  grandfather  to  Richard  Briggenhall,  late  merchant  of  York whofe  heir  the  laid  Richard  is,  being  fon  of  Catherine  daughter  of  the  faid  John  de  Shupton  slluPton- had  by  his  charter,  then  dated  at  York,  ordained  a  certain  chantry  at  the  altar  of  St.  John' ^  '2<9h baptift  in  this  church,  and  given  thereunto  fix  marks  annual  rent  out  of  the  city :  now  on the  io‘h  of  Oftober,  1400.  the  faid  Richard  Briggenhall ,  by  the  king’s  licence  obtained granted  all  his  lands,  and  tenements  with  all  thofe  his  edifices  againft  the  church-vard hereof,  unto  John  de  Grafton  chaplain  and  his  fuccdfors  for  ever;  that  he  and  they  mio-hc celebrate  for  his  foul  in  the  fame  church  at  mattins,  vefpers,  and  other  canonical  hours, placebo  dirige ,  &c.  (e)  1 (t>)  Anno  1630.  Samuel  Harfnet,  archbifhop  of  York, gave  to  this  church  one  large  iilver  bowl  with  a  cover, with  his  arms  engraven. (r)  Robert  S mage,  lord-mayor,  1393.  unto  whom king  Richard  11.  gave  the  firft  ma  ce  to  be  born  before him,  by  his  will  gave  his  body  to  be  buried  before St.  Nicolas  altar  in  this  church,  where  the  body  of  WU- liam  Savage,  his  father,  was  interred.  Tell,  burial. Tone. [d)  MS.  f.  631. (e)  F.  an.  \z  Ed. II.  p.  2.  m.  zy. Wateley's Book  I. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES Mickle- gate  ward. Wately's  chantry. There  was  another  chantry  founded  in  this  church  at  the  altar  of  St.  Katherine  the  virgin, for  the  foul  of  Richard  Wately ,  &c.  The  original  licence  from  Edward  II.  for  the  founding this  chantry  is  amongft  the  records  on  Oufe-bridge  (f).  e Toiler's  chantry. There  was  another  chantry  founded  in  this  church  by  Richard  Toller ,  at  the  altar  of St.  Mary  the  virgin,  late  merchant  of  Tork,  to  pray  for  his  foul,  &c. In  the  additional  volume  to  the  Monaft.  from  Dodfwortb's  coll,  this  chantry  is  faid  to  be founded  by  Richard  Toller  or  Tollier,  anceftor  of  Edmund  Sandford  efquire  and  Ifabel  his  wife, 13  Marlii  1320.  Value  at  the  diff.  1 /.  1 6  s.  per  annum. 2’ork's  chantry  (£).’ Founded  by  fir  Richard  Tork  knight,  at  the  altar  of  our  lady  in  this  church,  to  pray, &c.  and  help  divine  fervice  in  the  faid  church,  value  per  annum  8/.  15;.  4 d. Antient  MONUMENTS ,  INSC  RIPT  ION  S,  fcfc.  from  Mr.  Dodfworth, Arms  a  chevron  inter  three  hinds  heads  couped  ;  quartered  with  a  lion  rampant. ere  lyeth  buried  the  body  of  Mr.  Thomas  Mofley  late  alderman  of  this  cit tie,  who  died  the  year of  his  age  85,  in  the  year  of  our  faviour  1624,  after  he  had  been  twice  lord-mayor.  Together with  the  bodys  of  his  eldeft  daughter  Mary,  and  of  Elizabeth,  his  fecond  daughter ,  and  of Thomas  Scot  his  grandchild ;  made  at  the  cofi  of  Jane  his  wife. Arms,  fable ,  a  fefs  or ,  between  three  trefoiles  fliped  ermine.  Mofey. On  another  plate  upon  the  fame  ftone. 'ere  lyeth  the  body  of  that  worthy  and  well  affected  gentlewoman  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Mofeley  wi¬ dow,  fome  time  wife  to  John  Mofeley  of  this  city  efquire ,  one  of  the  daughters  and  coheirs of  Thomas  Trigott  of  Southkirkby  efquire.  She  departed  this  life  anno  1640,  the  50  year of  her  age. She  gave  in  her  life  time  to  this  church  of  St.  John’j  40 1.  per  an.  for  ever ,  towards  the maintenance  of  a  preaching  minifter .  By  which  pious  work  being  dead ,  fhe  yet  fpeaketh. ARMS.  Mofey ,  ut  fupra. A  chevron  inter  three  crofs  crosflets  fitchy.  Trigott. Memoriae Mofley  1624.  Johannis  Moflei  patricii  Thomae  Moflei  fenatoris  filii  et  haeredis ,  qui  obiit  an.dom.  1624. Aetat.fuae  44  non  fine  plurimor  urn  civium  moerore  fuorumque  luftu, Pos.  Ian  a.  Mater. Hall  1677.  Sarah  Flail  daughter  of  Charles  Hall  merchant  was  here  buried  the  1  a  of  December, 1677. Samuel  Hall  Jon  of  Charles  Hall  merchant  was  here  buried  the  if*  of  May,  1678. South  choir. Wright  1637.  An  epitaph  on  the  death  of  James  Wright  baker ,  one  of  the  commons  of  this  citye,  who  died  the 27th  of  March,  1637.  aet.fuae  76. Look  reader  as  thou  paffes  by. Underneath  this  ftone  does  lye A  citizen  of  great  refpeEl, As  free  from  vice  as  from  defeft. Civilitye  and  temperance , Frugality e  and  governance. Were  th ’  epithets  that  fpoke  him  bleft. And  gained  him  love  amongft  the  beft. Religioufly  he  liv'd  and  dy'd. And  now  we  hope  in  heaven  does  bide. {/)  Drawer  4. ( j )  Dodfttorth' s  coll. COATS Chat.  VII. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. Mickle- COATS  of  ARMS  in  the  church.  tiTEW“’ In  the  north  choir  on  knots  under  the  wooden  roof  is  depifted. Azure ,  a  faltire  argent.  York.  Impaling  gules,  three  greyhounds  in  pale  curfant  are gent.  Maliverer. York  fingle,  ut  fnpra. Argent ,  three  bars  wavy  azure ,  on  a  chief  gules,  a  lion  paflant  gardant  argent.  Mer¬ chants  of  the  ftaple. In  the  north  eaft  choir  window  was, A  man  in  armour  kneeling  on  his  bread,  his  coat  of  arms,  viz.  azure,  a  faltire  argent  *, behind  him  five  fons. On  the  other  fide  of  the  window  two  women  kneeling,  one  of  them  having  on  hergown, gules,  three  greyhounds  curlant  argent ,  impaled  with  azure,  a  faltire  argent  j  behind  them four  daughters  kneeling  ■,  under  this  infeription. 3Dratc  p:o  amnia  HicarDi  ^o;kc  militia  bta  majors  cititafia  €bo:.  a c  per  .  .  .  .  Yorkc. majoua  §>tapuli  CalUfic  ct  p;o  animabus  Joanne  ct  Blofjamie  uroium,  ac  ctiam omnibua  libens  et  bencfacto.ubua  fine,  qui  ,  .  ♦  ♦  Die  menfia  0pjilia  anno  Domini  4  4 *peccc  &3!» Under  all  thefe  were  four  men  and  their  wives  kneeling,  which  Mr.  Dodfworth  fuppofes might  be  the  daughters  of  fir  Richard  with  their  hufbands.  But  by  the  foregoing  it  ap¬ pears  that  fome  of  thefe"  men  were  founders  of  chantries  in  this  church.  Over  their heads  (b). iiicarDua  Hfirtkcnalc  ct  Catberina  uroj  cjus. Biobannca  KanDcman  ct  Blobanna  uro;  cjua* fttcatrDiia  SEollcr  ct  Blfabclla  upo;  cjua. Cmanucl  dc  <0rafton  ct  0gnea  upoj  cjua. In  the  north  window  of  the  fame  choir. j^ratc  pjo  anintabua  .  .  .  Stockton  mcrccr  ct  0licic  up.  cjua. £Dratc  p?o  animabua  .  .  .  ^>plbp  fppeer  et  CDlijabctbe  up.  cjua. Over  the  former  eafl  window  were  eight  efcutcheons  on  a  row,  fupported  by  as  many angels,  viz. 1 .  Argent,  three  bars  wavy  azure ,  on  a  chief  gules,  a  lion  of  England.  Spcrcfjanta  of  tfjc Ifaple- 2.  Argent ,  three  bugle  horns  ftringed  fable. 3.  Argent ,  a  gryphonfe  greant  fable,  thereon  a  mullet  difference  or ,  impaling  argents, on  a  pale  fable,  a  pike’s  or  lucy’s  head,  couped  eredt  or.  Gafcoyne. 4.  Azure ,  a  faltire  argent.  York. 5.  York  as  before,  impaling  gules,  three  greyhounds  currant  in  pale  barways  argent. Maliverer. 6.  York  as  before,  impaling  azure,  crulilly  and  three  cinqfoils  argent.  Darcy. 7.  2ork  as  before  impaling,  on  a  chevron  ingrailed  inter  three  calfs  paffant  argent,  three mullets  fable. S.  York  city. The  fteeple  of  this  church  was  blown  down  anno  1551,  and  was  never  finre  rebuilt;  a ring  of  fix  tuneable  bells  are  in  a  fmall  turret,  the  three  largeft  of  which  were  brought  from St.  JSicolas  church,  extra  Walmgate,  and  hungup  here  anno  1653. I  have  now  gone  through  with  the  remarkables  on  this  fide  the  river  Ouj e,  and  (hould come  next  to  the  bridge  ;  but  before  I  go  further  1  beg  leave  to  take  notice  of  fome  hand- fome  houfes  belonging  to  private  families,  as  well  as  publick  inns  in  this  part  of  the city. Mr.  Camden  commends  York  for  a  city  neatly  built,  and  I  am  certain  there  was  not  in  his time  one  brick  building  in  it.  The  beauty  and  firmnefs  of  this  laft,  compared  with  the antient  timber  ftrudtures,  is  infinitely  before  them.  There  were  no  brick  buildings  in  Eng- land  before  the  reign  of  Henry  VII,  except  chimnies;  and  what  were  afterwards  built  were chiefly  in  monafteries,  or  fome  few  palaces  for  kings  and  noblemen.  It  was  long  afiOr  this before  any  fuch  thing  was  at  York ;  which  muft  be  a  great  detriment  to  the  town,  our  ftreets being  but  narrow,  and  thefe  buildings  projedting  very  much  at  the  top ;  infomuch  that  in fome  ftreets  they  now  almoft  meet  on  each  fide.  This  renders  the  place  clofer,  and  fir t muft  have  been  very  terrible  to  the  inhabitants.  Many  of  thefe  timber  buildings  are  yet (landing  in  Micklegate,  which  have  been  thought  fumptuous  at  the  eredtion  of  them  ;  the («)  This  is  as  the  window  was  in  Mr.  Dodfworth' stime (1617)  fincc  which  it  is  much  defaced.  There  is  an antient  marble  tomb  between  the  chancel  and  north choir  which  is  fuppofed  to  ba  that  of  fir  Bichard  Xorke, but  it  is  robbed  of  its  arms,  &c.  There  are  fome  mo¬ dern  monumental  inferiptions  here  as  ot  Bains ,  Bcnfofi, fir  Stephen  Tin mpfon  knight,  Hooper  which  I  cannot  in- fere. carved 4 ■  ?8o Mickle- cate  w  a Ouse- br  idce. St.  WlLLI- am’j  chapel. 'the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. carved  work  at  the  portals  and  the  corners  expreffing  no  lefs.  Thefe  were  formerly  the RD  houfes  of  many  eminent  merchants,  and  a  gentleman  of  my  acquaintance,  yet  in  bein'-, lias  told  me  that  he  remembers  this  ftreet  to  be  near  full  of  them.  What  this  ftreet  is  re¬ markable  for  at  this  day,  are  the  new  built  houfes  of  Henry  Tbompfon  efquire,  and  Mr.  al¬ derman  Thompfon ,  over  againft  St.  John’s  church.  Sir  Darcy  Dawe’s  near  St.  Martin’s. The  houfe  of  Charles  Bathurjl  efquire,  Gregory-lane  end,  and  the  houfe  lately  inhabited  by Hugh  Cholmley  efquire  near  the  bar*,  though  there  are  feveral  other  very  good  new  houfes in  it.  Here  are  likewife  two  inns  of  good  refort,  the  Falcon  and  the  Minjler.  In  Skelder- gale,  except  the  ruins  of  the  duke’s  palace,  is  nothing  worth  notice,  but  one  good  houfe inhabited  by  the  widow  of  the  late  Mr.  Pawfon  and  Dr.  Breary’  s.  Here  is  alfo  an  old  ac- cuftomed  inn  at  the  fign  of  the  elephant.  And  thus  I  take  leave  of  Mickle-gate  ward. We  now  come  to  Oufe-bridge ,  which,  as  Mr.  Camden  remarks,  is  a  noble  one  indeed  con- filling  of  five  arches ;  the  middlemoft  (i)  arch  of  which  is  eighty  one  feet  or  twenty  feven yards  wide  from  the  firft  fpring  of  the  arch,  and  feventeen  high,  and  was  efleemed,  for¬ merly,  one  of  the  largefl  in  Europe.  The  reafon  this  arch  was  carried  on  to  this  extraor¬ dinary  dimenfion,  was  to  prevent  the  like  accident  from  happening  which  chanced  to  over¬ turn  the  old  bridge  anno  1 564.  When  by  (k)  a  fharp  froft,  great  fnow  and  a  fudden  thaw, the  water  rofe  to  a  vaft  height,  and  the  prodigious  weight  of  the  ice  and  flood  drove  down two  arches  of  the  bridge,  by  which  twelve  houfes  were  overthrown,  and  twelve  perfons drowned.  The  bridge  continued  unrepaired  fome  time,  till  a  proper  lum  could  be  levied  ; and  then  it  was  rebuilt  in  the  manner  it  now  Hands.  Towards  which  work  I  find  that  one Mrs.  Hall ,  relidt  of  alderman  Hall,  gave  one  hundred  pound  ;  and  the  city  bellowed  a  brafs plate,  which  was  fixed  on  the  north  fide  of  the  bridge,  with  this  inlcription  to  her  memo¬ ry,  now  loft. William  matron  \q&1  3ane  M  lo !  &crc  tlje  tooths  of  faitf)  Does  fljcfo, mago?  an.Dom.  1566.  J  3l5i?  gibing  a  tjunarcQ  pouno  this  to  rcnciu. This  is  the  hiftory  of  the  new  bridge,  but  of  what  antiquity  the  old  one  was  I  cannot learn.  Stone  bridges  were  not  in  ufe  till  long  after  the  conqueror’s  time  in  this  kingdom. London-bridge  was  no  more  than  a  timber  one  till  an.no  1176,  it  was  begun  to  be  built  with itone,  and,  as  Stow  (/)  fays,  was  thirty  three  years  in  finifhing;  which  argues  them  mean artifts  at  fuch  kind  of  work  in  thofe  days.  Anno  1 1 54,  when  William  archbifhop  of  York made  his  firft  entrance  into  the  city,  this  bridge  being  crowded  with  the  multitudes  that came  to  meet  him,  the  timber  ( m )  gave  way,  fays  my  authority,  that  it  was  then  built  with, and  all  fell  into  the  river*,  but  by  the  prayers  of  the  archbifhop  not  one  of  the  company perifhed.  Stone  bridges  coming  foon  after  in  ufe,  our  feems  to  take  its  date  from  about the  year  12 35,  for  I  find  (n)  that  Walter  Gray,  then  archbifhop,  granted  a  brief  for  the rebuilding  of  Oufe-bridge ,  moft  probably,  of  ftone,  by  charitable  contributions.  Anno  1268, I  read  an  account  of  the  origin  of  a  chapel  on  (0)  Oufe-bridge ,  in  the  collectanea ,  when  there was  a  peace  and  agreement  made  with  John  Comyn ,  a  Scotch  nobleman,  and  the  citizens  of York  (  mediantibus  regibus  Anglheet  Scotiae)  for  a  fray  which  had  happened  upon  the  bridge, and  wherein  feveral  of  John  Comyn’s  fervants  had  been  flain.  The  Arid  lord  was  to  re¬ ceive  three  hundred  pound,  and  the  citizens  were  obliged  to  buiid  a  chapel  on  the  place where  the  daughter  was  made,  and  to  find  two  priefts  to  celebrate  for  the  fouls  of  the  flain for  ever. How  long  they  continued  to  pray  for  the  fouls  of  thefe  Scots ,  or  whether  this  is  not the  chapel  which  was  dedicated  to  St.  William  I  know  not.  But  fuch  a  one  there  was at  the  reformation  in  ufe  on  this  bridge,  in  which  I  find  mention  of  thefe  chantries. One  of  the  foundation  of  Richard  Towler  and  Ifabel  his  wife.  The  original  of  which  is now  amongft  the  records  on  the  bridge. Another  of  Helewis  de  Wiftoo  widow  of  Robert  de  Wiftoo  citizen  of  York.  1.  s.  d. Value  at  the  fuppreflion  -  -  04  13  04 A  third  founded  by  John  de  Newton  and  Rauff  Marr ,  executors  of  the  tellaments  of fir  Roger  de  Marr  prieft  ad  altare  S.  Eligii  in  capel.  S.  "Willielmi  fup.poniem  Ufe. /.  /.  d. Value  at  the  fuppreflion  -  -  ■ -  01  16  05 The  chantry  of  John  Fourbour  at  the  fame  altar.  The  originals  of  all  thefe  grants  have  not wandered  far  from  the  place  where  they  were  firft  intended  for,  being  amongft  the  records on  the  bridge  (p). ( i )  The  bridge  of  the  Rialto  at  Venice,  three  parts  of  a circle,  is  ninety  five  foot  from  one  end  to  the  other,  on the  level  of  the  canal ;  fuppofed  by  this  to  be  near twenty  four  foot  high. (k)  Law  Hildyard’s  ant. (/)  Survey  of  London. (m)  Brompton  inter  x  feript.  nipt  a  eft  lignti  pontis  com- pago.  See  the  life  of  St.  IVilliam. t»)  Ex  rotul.  Wal.Grey  *v.  pont.  xviii. (0)  Coll.  Lelandi  ab  annal.  mon.  bcatae  Mariae  Ebor. ( p )  Drawers  numb.  5,  6. The I Chap.  VII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  281 The  chapel  being  a  neat  and  convenient  building  was  after  the  Reformation ,  converted  Exchange. into  a  burfe,  or  exchange ,  where  merchants  of  the  city  ufually  met  every  morning  to  tranfuft butinefs.  But  upon  the  great  decay  of  trade,  here,  this  was  difufed. On  the  bridge  alio  Hands  the  great  council- chamber  of  the  city,  near  which  the  records  L  L  ,cn ' are  kept.  The  exchequer  and  Jherijfs- courts  are  alfo  here.  Beneath  thefe  is  the  prifon  for  courts  ' felons,  belonging  to  the  city  ;  commonly  called  the  JUiDcotC-  And  oppofite  is  the  goal  for debtors-,  which  has  lately  been  built  as  appears  by  an  inlcription,  at  the  equal  expence  of city  and  aufly ,  anno  1724.  The  old  prifon  ( q )  on  this  fide  was  erected  anno  1 575,  at?RIS0NS- which  time  another  arch  was  added  to  the  bridge  by  way  of  fupport  to  it-,  but  being  be¬ come  exceeding  ruinous  it  was  taken  down  and  rebuilt ;  and,  confidering  the  Araitnefs  of the  place  it  Hands  on,  is  as  commodious  and  convenient  as  moH  goals  in  England. Leland  in  his  ilin.  fays  that  Oufe -bridge  had  in  his  time  fix  arches  in  it.  That  there  was on  it  a  chapel ,  a  town-hall ,  a  gild,  and  an  hofpital ;  the  two  lafl  I  can  find  no  other  ac¬ count  of.  For  the  fuHentation  of  the  bridges  of  Oufe  and  Fofs,  king  Richard  II,  by  char¬ ter  grants  power  to  the  mayor  and  citizens  to  purchafe  lands  to  the  value  of  one  hundred pound  a  year,  &c.  as  appears  by  the  charter  (r).  I  (hall  take  leave  of  this  bridge  with  pre- l'cnting  the  reader  with  the  view  of  it. The  river  Oufe  comes  next  under  my  pen.  The  name  of  Oufe ,  which  this  river  takethousE  ther. before  it  comes  to  York ,  I  have  elfewhere  touched  upon  and  quoted  both  Leland  and Camden  for  my  authorities.  But  to  me  it  is  abfurd  to  think,  ti.at  the  little  paltry  brook at  Qufeburn  Ihould  change  the  name  of  a  noble  river  ;  and  it  is  much  more  probable  to  fup- pofe  that  the  town  and  brook  took  their  names  from  the  river,  than  it  from  them.  This river,  as  it  has  been  very  ingenioufly  hinted  tome  by  the  reverend  Dr.  Lang  with,  feems to  have  had -two  antient  Bntjh  names  given  it,  Uys  and  Eur.  Both  which  fignify  no more  than  water  in  general  (rf)  j  fo  that  the  river  went  by  one  name  or  the  other,  accord¬ ing  as  the  terms  Uys  or  Eur  prevailed.  In  fome  places,  as  particularly  '  •  .  ' ,  it feems  to  have  gone  by  both  names,  from  whence  we  have  the  compound  Isujuum.  Nor is  Euu;racum,  as  we  find  it  frequently  fpelled  in  Roman  author?,  without  a  great  relifli of  the  latter.  The  Saxon  Oufe  feems  plainly  to  be  corrupted  from  the  Roman  Isis  ;  as  this is  deduced  from  the  Britijh  Uys ,  being  more  agreeable  to  the  idiom  of  that  language.  So that  I  fee  no  manner  of  reafon,  with  Camden,  to  make  the  little  Brook  at  •Oufeburn  the parent  of  this  name  ^  fince  both  Ifis  and  Eurus  have  been  alternately  ufed,  anriently,  for the  whole  courfe  of  the  river  though  fince  cuHom  has  confined  the  former  word  to  this lower  .part  of  the  ftream.  The  fource  and  progrefs  of  this  river  was  fifft  deferibed  by  Le¬ land,  and  copied  by  William  Harrifon,  without  naming  his  author  ;  with  fome  additions, 1  fhall  give  the  reader  it  in  their  words. The  Ifis,  or  Ure,  rifeth  in  the  far  the  H  parts  of  all  Richmondfljire ,  amongH  the  Cotterins  Ure. hills,  in  a  mofs  towards  the  weH,  fourteen  miles  beyond  Middleham  from  thence  it  run¬ neth  in  a  fmall  Hream,  and  talceth  in  the  Cover  out  of  Coverdale  by  Ulfw ay -bridge,  to  Hoi-  Cover. beck,  liar  dr  aw,  Hawfhoufe,  Butter  fide,  AJk-bridge thence  to  Afkarth,  where  there  is  a  won¬ derful  cafcade  of  a  very  great  fall,  through  Wanlefs-park  under  IV enf  aw -bridge,  built  twro hundred  years  fince.  fays  my  author,  by  Alwin  parlon  of  JVenfa-w.,  to  Nnvpark,  Spenni- thorn ,  Danby ,  Jervaulxs-abbey,  Clifton  and  Mafham.  At  Mafbam  it  receiveth  the  Burn ;  Bum: from  thence  the  Ure  runneth  to  Tanfield,  Newton-hall ,  North-bridge ,  Ripon.  Beyond  this it  talceth  in  the  Shell,  who  run  together  to  Hewick-bridge,  Rocliff ,  Thorp,  Burrough-bridge,  Skell.i Aldkorough,  Isu-rovxcum,  and  foon  after  meeteth  the  Swale.  Thefe  run  to  Aldwark-  Swa]c ferry,  -taking  in  Oufeburn  water  from  the  fouth-eaH,  and  here  the  Ure  changes  into  Oufe.  Oufeburn. From  thence’ by  Union  upon  Oufe ,  Newton  upon  Oufe,  to  Nun-Motikton  where  the  Nid  joins  it.  jjy. Thehce  to  Redhoufe;  Overton,  .nether  Poppleton ,  Clifton  and  York.  At  York  it  receiveth the  Fofs,  and  fo  goes  on  to  PVater-Foulford,  Bifjop-thorp,  Nahum,  Acafter-Malbis,  Acajlef-  Fofs. Selby,  Stillingfieet,  not  far  from  which  it  receives  the  Wharf.  Thence  to  Cawood,  Kelljlcet ,  Wharf. Barlby,  Selby,  iuvmanhall,  Lang  rick,  where  it  meeteth  the  Derwent,  Booth,  Air  min,  where  Derwent, the  Air  joins  it.  From  thence  to  Hook,  Skelton,  Sandball ,  Gole,  where  it  meets  the  DunA'T- at:  the  Dutch  cut,  S  win  fleet,  Rednefs,  Saltmarch ,  Whilgift,  Oufefleet ,  Blacklofl,  Foxfleet,  where  Dun' it  laHliy  receiveth  the  Trent  and  running  from  thence  to .  Bromefleet,  lofeth  it  felf  and  name  Trent, in  the  mighty  river  Humber.  Humber. The  fource  of  the  Oufe  lying  up  in  the  northweft  hills,  and  the  taking,  in  of  fo  many different  Hrtfams.ro  its  own,  renders  it  very  liable  to  inundations  ;  fome  of. which  have  been exceeding  great,  and  frequently  when  we  have  had  no  rains  at  all  at  dork.  Anno  1263,  it is  recorded  that  the  river  Oufe  flowed  to  fo  great  a  height  as  to  run  over  the  end  of  the bridge,  where  the  four  flreets  meet  (/).  Anno  1689,  which  is  yet  in  the  memory  of  fome livings -a  mighty  flood  came  down,  which  meeting  with  lpring  tides  at  the  lame  time {(])  Lawyer  Hildyard’s  ant. {t)  Iterum  licent.  conceffa,  ad  inquif.  c  l.  tern  in  perpet. fnjlentat.  pontium  de  Oufe  et  Fols,  ct  alior.  et  cupel l an celebrant,  in  capellis  edif.  fuper  pontes  prediefos.  Pat 9  Hen.  1  Wt  p.  1.  m.  32. 4  C ( s)  See  Baxter's  glolf.  Brit.  p.  119.  and  Lluyd's  ad verfaria,  p.  265. ( 0  Ufque  ad  qnadri-vittm.  Tho.  Stubbs  lib.  pent.  Ebor inter  x  feript. rri flowed October  i 1689. The  Eager. in  the  Ous The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. flowed  as  high  as  the  former,  and  did  an  incredible  damage  to  the  country.  The  mark  of the  height  of  the  water  at  this  laft  flood  was  put  up  on  awooden  board,  by  fome  curious  per- lon,  on  the  wall  at  the  bottom  of  the  firf \Water-lane,  with  the  day  and  year  it  happened  upon. This  was  the  higheft  flow  of  water  we  have  had  in  the  memory  of  man,  for  though  in January ,  1732,  the  river  rofe  in  one  night’s  time  near  three  yards  perpendicular  ;  filled  the ftreet  at  the  weft  end  of  the  bridge*  and  had  liked  to  have  drowned  the  poor  prifonersin the  low  goal,  yet  it  was  obferved  not  to  reach  the  mark  aforefiid  by  eleven  inches.  Rom this  mark  to  the  lowell  ebb,  in  the  dryeft  fummer,  that  ever  I  obferved,  by  exa<5t  menfu- raiion  was  twenty  four  foot  four  inches  perpendicular. The  flow  of  the  tide  up  to  the  bridge  is  not  now  fo  good  as  formerly.  By  a  manufeript that  I  have  feen,  I  learn  that  in  Auguft ,  1643,  the  fpring  tides  at  Oufe-bridge  did  rife  to  the height  of  five  foot,  a  thing  almoft  incredible  to  the  prefent  age.  Indeed  I  have  been  told, by  an  ingenious  perfon,  that  he  has  obferved  it  to  rife  four  loot,  which  is  extraordinary enough,  the  common  courfe  being  only  two  foot,  or  two  foot  and  a  half ;  which  is  a vaft  difproportion  from  thofe  mighty  flows  which  are  oft  lent  us  from  Burrough-bridge , &c. I  fhall  leave  the  river  Oufe ,  with  taking  notice  that  there  is  frequently  a  ftrange  flow, or  back  current  of  water,  in  it,  not  ruled  by  the  tides,  called  the  (Eager.  This  makes  a mighty  noife  at  its  approach,  infomuch  as  to  be  heard  at  fome  miles  diftance;  and,  if  it was  not  well  known,  would  caufe  a  great  deal  of  terror  to  the  country  about  it.  The caufe  of  this  preternatural  current  I  fhall  leave  to  the  naturalifts  to  determine.  The  word (Eager  is  derived,  according  to  Dr.  Langwith ,  who  has  fent  me  his  thoughts  upon  it,  from the  Saxon  C^p  aeftus  marinus.  Which,  as  he  adds,  is  further  explained  in  Dr.  Ifickes's  voces fodicae,  at  the  end  of  Bcnfon’s  dictionary.  But,  with  fubmiflion  to  this  learned  gentleman, the  word  feems  more  naturally  to  be  deduced  from  the  Saxon  Ggop  which  Somner  renders airox,  vebemens ,  fierce,  raging,  and  vehement ,  the  manner  of  its  coming  up  bein^ plainly  exprefied  by  this  name. At  the  eaft  end  of  Oufe-bridge  is  a  place  that  mult  not  be  omitted  in  this  work  ;  it  is  a hole  which  many  believe  to  run  under  ground,  arched  as  far  as  the  Minjier  ;  but  for  what reafon  I  never  could  learn.  Indeed  I  never  had  an  opportunity  to  examine  into  it  myfelf, and  I  had  lefs  curiofity  to  do  it,  after  I  found  amongft  the  city  records,  this  remark  on  it, (u)  saltljolc^gccccs  Icffc  open  fo>  menoing  tljc  arcljcs  on  £Dufeb.ugg. At  the  foot  of  Oufe-bridge  on  the  eaft  fide  the  river  is  a  convenient  key  or  wharf,  com- monly  called  the  king’sjlayth  ftrongly  walled  and  paved,  for  lading  and  unlading  of  goods and  merchandize.  I  believe  it  true  what  a  perfon  of  good  repute  has  told  me,  though fome  perhaps  may  not,  that  about  twenty  years  agoe,  he  came  upon  this  Staytb,  at  noon time  a  day,  and  law  neither  boat  nor  ftiip,  great  or  little  upon  the  river,  no  manner  of goods  upon  the  key,  nor  man,  woman,  nor  child  near  it.  A  melancholly  fight  indeed, but  I  hope  neither  he  nor  any  one  elfe  will  ever  fee  it  again.  Bufinefs  of  this  kind  feems to  mend  apace  in  York  •,  we  have  now  fhips  belonging  to  the  city  which  carry  goods  and merchandize  to  feveral  parts.  And  many  veflels  of  other  kinds  are  daily  failing  to  and fro  in  the  river. On  the  other  fide  is  a  Staytb  called  alderman  Topbam’s  Staytb ;  ereCted  anno  1660,  Chri- Jlopher  Topham  mayor,  in  which  he  had  fuch  a  hand  as  to  occafion  its  being  called  after his  name.  It  has  had  feveral  reparations  fince,  as,  anno  1676,  and  enlarged  1678,  &c. All  the  religious  houfes  that  laid  towards  the  river  had  keys,  or  landing  places,  of  their own  on  it.  There  was  a  very  fine  one  at  the  abbey  of  St.  Mary.  Lower  down  another for  the  hofpital  of  St.  Leonard called  in  antient  writings  ILeoitarDS  LcnOmgS,  or  land- rhe  mom/ter  »  where  a  new  one  was  of  very  late  years  eredted,  but  for  what  ule  I  know  not. efthe Fryers  ^  fhall  here  ta^e  not*ce  °f a  once  famous  monaftery,  which  ftood  in  this  city,  belonging minors.  to  the  brethren  of  the  order  of  St.  Francis ,  or  fryers  minors.  The  fituation  of  which,  whe¬ ther  on  the  weft  or  eaft  fide  of  the  river  Oufe ,  I  confefs  I  cannot  find  out;  though  I  have traced  it  with  very  great  diligence  and  circumfpedtion.  The  records  that  I  have  met  with relating  to  this  rel  igious  houfe,  in  the  tower  of  London  and  elfewhere,  have  not  pointed  me to  its  fite:  though  neither  thofe  nor  hiftory  are  filent  as  to  feveral  royal  grants  and  teftifi- cations  of  the  antient  magnificence  of  this  building.  We  are  informed  by  hiftorians  that this  monaftery  was  ufually  the  refidence  of  our  former  Englifh  kings  when  they  came  to York  ;  and  that  it  was  noble  and  fpacious  we  are  allured  by  Froifart  (x),  who  tells  us  that Edward  III.  and  his  mother  both  lodged  in  it,  when  the  fray  happened  betwixt  the  Englifh foldiers  and  the  ftrangers  ;  as  related  in  the  annals  of  this  work.  We  find  by  this  hifto- rian,  that  the  building  was  fo  convenient,  that  each  of  thele  royal  guefts,  though  attended with  a  numerous  fuit  of  quality,  kept  court  apart  in  it  •,  which  muft  argue  it  a  ftructure  of very  great  extent  and  magnificence.  By  a  patent  of  Richard  II.  this  affair  of  its  being Salter- C  RECES. Topham’* Stayth. ( it)  Salte-hele-grcces  is  plainly  derived  from  a  bole  for frit  near  a  pair  of  flairs  ;  greets  being  ftairs  in  old  French, whence  our  degrees  from  Lat .  grains. ( x)  Ils  tint  un  granie  cour  en  le  maifon  it  Freres'mi- neurs,  or.  le  roy  etmaiamefe  mere  etoient  habergez,  et  te- noient  lent  tinel  chacun  par  lui  ■,  le  roy  ie  fes  chevaliers  et le  roign  iefes  James.  Froifart.  Tinel,  in  old  French,  fig- nifies  houfholdry,  or  train. made Chap. VII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  2g3 made  ufe  of  for  a  regal  palace  is  confirmed.  That  king  ftriftly  prohibits  any  perfons  from carrying  of  filth,  or  laying  of  dunghills,  (Ac.  in  the  lanes,  or  paffages,  leading  to  this  tm  >.  B monaftery;  where,  as  the  patent  expreffes,  he  himfelf,  as  well  as  his  grandfather  ufed  to inhabit.  Alfo  butchers,  and  other  perfons,  are  by  the  fame  prohibited  from  calling  into, or  walking  in,  the  river  Oufe ,  any  entrails  of  beads,  or  other  naltynefles,  to  the  prejudice or  nufence  ot  this  monaftery.  Tiiis  laft  plainly  proves  that  the  fite  of  it  was  fomewhere on  the  banks  ol  the  river  ;  and  in  a  patent  of  Edward  II,  being  a  grant  to  them  to  pur- chafe  fume  lioufcs  contiguous  to  their  monaftery,  for  the  enlargement  of  their  courts,  thofe houfes  and  places  are  faid  to  extend, from  the  middle  gate  of  the  [aid  monaftery,  near  the  chan¬ cel  of  their  thurch,  on  the  back,  as  far  as  a  lane  called  $cr£ccga(C)  and  fo  defending  towards the  -water  of  £ Dufc  to  the  weft.  Hence  we  mightfuppofe  that  our  monaftery  lay  on  the  call  fide of  the  river  ;  but  then  again  as  Ilertergale  is  a  place  unknown  at  this  day,  and  I  have  feen other  letters  patents  granted  to  them  as  high  as  Henry  III,  which  feem  to  contradidl  the former  notion,  1  am  as  uncertain  as  ever.  That  prince,  in  Iris  fifty  third  year,  gives  licence to  the  frie-s- minors  ol  Tore  to  inclofe  a  certain  ditch ,  within  the  king's  domain,  but  contiguous to  their  area  by  the  eaft,  lying  betwixt  the  fetid  area,  or  court,  ami  IdailkhtiDgc,  for  the  enlarge¬ ment  of  their  fid  court.  That  they  were  to  inclofe  this  ditch  -with  an  earthen  wall  twelve  feet  high  ; and  the  place  to  ft  eve  for  preaching  lit  -,  fo  as  they  might  make  it  fit  for  all  perfons  coming  to  hear them  to  paf  and  repafs  at  lleafure.  That  they  might  keep  up  this  place,  fo  inclofed,  for  ever ; unlefs  that  by  difturbance  of  the  peace,  or  open  war,  or  any  other  reafon,  it  was  thought  necef- ftry  to  open  that  ditch  for  the  defence  if  the  caftle  of  York.  If  the  pons-ballii,  or  JBailMjjtojjc here  mentioned  be  fuppofed  to  allude  to  our  prefent  UDltldjatU,  the  cafe  is  clear  that  the fite  of  this  houfe  mult  have  been  fome  where  on  Bifhophill  or  in  Skelder-gate,  but  as  I  am very  uncertain,  as  to  that  point,  1  (hall  trouble  my  felf  no  further  abour  ic. There  are  two  more  evidences,  on  record,  that  that  this  monaftery  once  flood  in  our  ci¬ ty,  and  one  of  them  again  puts  us  crofs  the  river  to  feek  it.  King  Edward  I,  gives  licence to  this  brotherhood  to  inclole  a  certain  lane  which  extends  itfef  from  the  King’s-ftreet,  in length  and  breadth,  as  far  as  the  lane  which  goes  towards  the  milns  near  the  caftle.  There  can be  no  mills  but  windmills  near  ffilodjatll ;  and  if  we  foppofe  them  the  watermills  near  tile Other  caftle,  as  I  have  proved  them  very  ahtient,  I  know  no  place  near  them  on  the  Oufe, capable  of  fuch  a  fituation,  but  what  was  taken  up  by  other  monalteries. The  lalt  evidence  is  from  our  own  records,  which  is  a  copy  of  letters  patents  directed  to the  guardian  and  brethren  of  this  monaftery  from  the  fame  king  about  fettling  the  privi¬ leges  of  a  landtuary  they  pretended  had  been  violated  by  the  the  citizens,  tdc.  copies  of all  thefe  matters,  at  length,  the  reader  may  meet  with,  in  their  proper  places  in  the  ap¬ pendix .  ' In  this  monaftery  was  a  conventual  church  dedicated  to  St.  Mary-,  Mr.  ’Torre  lias  given us,  in  his  manufeript,  f.  875,  feveral  teftamentary  burials  in  it.  In  the  additional  volumes to  the  Monaftieon  the  order  of  Friers-minors,  in  England,  is  faid  to  have  been  divided  into leven  cullodies  or  wardenlhips ;  of  which  the  monaftery  belonging  to  them  at  Fork  was  one of  the  chief.  This  had  under  its  jurifdidtion  the  monalteries  of Doncafter,  Lincoln, Bofton,  Beverley, Scardeburgh,  Grimjby,  in  Lincolnfhire. In  the  fame  additional  volumes  it  is  hinted  that  the  friars  of  this  order,  called  alfo  grey-friars, or  predicants ,  were  the  firft  that  buffered  perfecution  for  openly  oppoling  king  Henry's fecond  marriage  with  Anne  Bolleyn.  Their  monalteries  were  immediately  fuppreffed,  their perfons  imprifonned,  or  barbaroufly  ufed.  But  by  the  inrollment  of  the  furrender  of  their monaftery  to  the  king,  it  appears  that  it  was  taken  at  Fork  only  in  the  thirtieth  year, when  many  others  fell  with  them.  Biftiop  Burnet  writes  that  November 27,  30  Hen..  V III! this  houfe  of  the  Francifcanfriars  in  Fork,  was  furrendred  into  the  king’s  hands  by  the guardian  fifteen  friars  and  five  novices.  By  the  inrollment  in  the  chapel  of  the  rolls,  Wil¬ liam  V  avafour ,  dodtor  of  divinity,  prior,  or  guardian  of  the  Friars-mimrs,  within  the  walls of  the  city  of  Fork,  witli  the  unanimous  confent,  iftc.  of  the  whole  convent,  did  give, grant,  reltore,  fj he.  to  which  deed  the  common  feal  (y)  ot  the  monaftery  was  put ;  and  it  was dated  in  the  chapter-houfe,  belonging  to  the  faid  monaftery,  as  above.  This  inftrument, though  varying  little  from  other  lurrenders  of  like  nature,  I  have  given  at  length  in  th a  ap¬ pendix  to  Ihew  the  form  of  them.  The  order  itfelf  was  one  of  the  four  mendicants,  and had  no  pofieftions  in  England  befides  the  fite  of  their  houfes  s  though  abroad,  I  am  told, they  are  in  great  affluence  of  riches;  and  bear  a  port  in  their  monalteries,  churches  id’. equal  to  any  of  the  reft. Below  the  King’s  ftaylh,  is  a  place  of  that  kind  of  Hone  work  called  Friars  wails ;  which is  a  long  railed  walk  built,  or  rebuilt  anno  1659,  with  a  brick  wall  towards  the  water.  FR,Alts- At  the  end  of  this  walk  is  a  handfome  iron  palilade  gate,  in  a  itone  arch,  erefted  as  an  in- WALLS- feription  lliews  anno  1732,  Jonas  Tbompfon  lord-mayor.  This  leads  to  the  long  walk  al- { y)  See  their  Teal  amongft  the  reft.  Clan/.  30  Hen.  VIII.  furs y. ready 184 Walm-cat WARD. The  monajlcry of  St.  Augu- ftinc. Water- lanes. Quaker’s Meeting. Castle- gate. St.  Mary'j Church. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. e  ready  defcribed.  But  the  name  of  fryars  walls ,  leads  us  to  look  for  a  monaftery  which  flood near  this  place,  and  Leland  has  pointed  it  out  plainly  in  thefe  words :  (z)  The  Auguftinc- fryars  were  betwixt  the  tower  on  Oufe-ripe  and  Oufe-bridge.  By  which  the  building  mud  have extended  over  all  or  mod  of  the  gardens,  betwixt  thefe  walls  and  Caftle-gate  foftern-lane. The  ancient  done  wall  of  the  monaftery  towards  the  river,  is  dill  danding,  fupported  by mighty  drong  buttrefles;  where  there  is  an  old  gate-way  walled  up. Mr  Torre  (a)  has  proved  by  feveral  tedamentary  burials  that  there  was  a  conventual church  belonging  to  this  monadery  of  St.  Auguftine  at  York,  (b)  Speed ,  in  his  catalogue  of religious  houfes,  mentions  it  to  be  founded  by  a  lord  Scrope  *,  but  when,  or  of  what  value, omitted.  Nor  is  it  mentioned  at  all  in  the  Monafticon.  Dr.  Heylin  (c)  has  put  down  the yearly  value  of  the  lands  of  this  monadery  at  1 80  /.  which  is  very  considerable ;  but  no  fur¬ ther  did  I  ever  meet  with  of  them,  except  a  record  in  the  tower  of  London,  of  20  s.  annual rent  granted  to  them  by  one  Thomas  de  Twenge  clerk  ifiuing  out  of  his  lands  and  tenements in  ttoffC,  com.  Ebor .  to  help  them,  as  the  deed  witnedes,  to  find  bread  and  wine  for  holy  of¬ fices ,  &c.  Licence  given  for  this  donation  by  king  Edward  III.  at  Callis,  ai.no  rcg.  21'. The  fame  king  in  the  twenty  feventh  year  of  his  reign  gives  licence  to  William  de  Hadon and  JVilliam  de  Hakthorp ,  clerks,  to  bedow  upon  thefe  fryars  one  melTuage  contiguous  to their  houfe  for  the  enlargement  of  the  fame.  Copies  of  thefe  grants  may  be  found  in  the appendix.  In  one  of  the  tedamentary  burials  of  Mr.  Torre ,  Joan  Trollop ,  an.  1441,  leaves her  body  to  be  buried  in  the  conventual  church  of  the  fryars  Eremites  of  Sr.  Auguftine  in York.  The  term  ot  Eremites  to  this  order  is  what  I  have  not  before  met  with  ;  the  fryers minors  were  dyled  Eremitae ,  i.  e.  Eremi  incolae(d).  The  (e)  ©mmtfS,  or  TcrnufS,  in"the north  wefe  corruptly  called  CrcuiittS;  and  there  is  an  annual  rent  paid  out  of  fome  houfes in  Stone-gate ,  called  CtniuttdiponCE  at  this  day,  which  undoubtedly  belonged  to  a  religious houfe  of  thefe  orders  ;  for  fome  of  the  poorer  fort  of  monks  being  called  hermits ,  an  hermi¬ tage  and  an  hofpital  had  one  and  the  fame  fignification.  I  have  nothing  more  to  fay  about this  religious  houfe,  but  that  November! S.  30  Hen.  VIII.  it  was  furrendred  into  the  king’s hands  by  the  prior  and  fix  fryars.  (f  )  John  AJke  was  then  prior,  or  guardian  of  it,  and  the furrender  is  dated  in  their  chapter-houfe  as  above. There  are  three  lanes  leading  from  Caftle-gate  to  the  Stayth,  called  now  firJlyfecond ,  and  far water-lanes ;  though  anciently  the  firft  was  called  Carr-gate  and  the  next  Thrufh-lane.  In the  third,  or  far  Water-lane,  Bands  the  quake  As  meeting-place  firft  built  here  anno  1673, when  this  fet  of  people  increafed  in  this  city.  Having  before  as  a  Manufcript  informs  me kept  their  meetings  at  one  Edward  Nightingale's ,  a  rich  grocer  in  Upper  Oufe-gate ;  the  molt eminent  man  of  that  perfuafion  then  in  York.  I  cannot  leave  the  Stayth  without  taking  no¬ tice  that  the  late  alderman  Cornwall ,  a  brewer,  built  a  very  handfome  houfe  on  it. Caftle-gate ,  or  the  ftreet  leading  to  th e.  caftle  of  York ,  has  a  church  in  it  with  a  beautiful and  lofty  fpire,and  is  called  in  ancient  writings  ecclefiafanfte  Marie  ^portam  Caftri.  This was  an  ancient  reftory  of  medieties,  the  one  belonging  to  the  patronage  of  the  lords  Percy , earls  of  Northumberland ,  and  the  other  to  the  prior  and  convent  of  Kirkham.  Mr.  Torre has  given  a  catalogue  of  the  reftors  of  both  medieties,  but  fince  I  find  they  were  united  a- bout  the  year  1400,  and  became  folely  in  the  Percy's  gift  j  I  prefume  one  will  be  thought Efficient  (g).  /.  j.  \ This  whole  reftory  is  valued  thus  in  the  king’s  books.  Firft  fruits  - - 02  08  06s. Tenths  -  00  04  10 Procurations  —  00  06  08 A  CATALOGUE  of  the Temp. inftit.  Restores  eccl. Anno 1267  Rad.  de  Ver,  cler. 1281  Rog.  le  Porter,  cap. 1288  Elias  de  Richmond. 1302  Joh.  deToppelyve,  fub- dec. Simon  de  Stow. 1350  Rob.  de  Nafferton,  cap. 1362  Rob.  deFerriby,  prefl. 1364  Rob.de  Kernetby,  cap. 1365  Adam  de  Ebor. RECTORS  of  St.  Mary’s  Castle-gate. Patroni. Doma  Agnes  relit 7.  dom.  Ric.de  Percy. Eadem. Eadcm. Hen.  de  Percy,  mil. Idem. Idem. Idem. Dom.  Idonea  de  Percy.  Vid. Eadem. Vacat. per  refig. J-er  refig. fer  refig. pr  refig. per  refig. (z)-  Zdand' s  itin.  vol.  V. £*)  Ex  MS.  Torre,  /.  877. {/>)  Speed’s  chron. ( c)  Heylin's  hill,  reform, (d)  In  the  library  of  Trinity-college  in  Dublin  is  a  MS. with  this  title,  Catalogus  bibliothecae  or, I  mis  fratrum  erc- mitarum  S.  Auguft.  in  Eboraco,  1372.  Fratre  Williel- mo  de  Staynton  tunc  exiflrnte  priore .  Wanley  cat.  MSS. in  Ang.  et  Hybem.  285,  145-, (e)  See  Thorejhy's  Due  At.  Leod.  p  90, (/" )  Burnet's  hill,  reform.  Cluuf.  30  Hen.  VIII.  par.  5. N°.  67. (g)  MS.  Torre,  /.  363. T -:mp. I Chap. VII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK, Temp. inf  it.  Restores  eccl. Anno 1365  Nich.de  Cave,  prejb. 1369  Hen.  dePykeryng ,  prejb. 1372  Joh.de  Pykering,  prep. Nich.  de  Cave,  prep. 1383  Joh.  deHerJc,  prep. Tho.  de  Scardeburg. 1422  Joh.  de  Forron  alias Eafingwald,  prep. 1427  Rob.  Bedale,  prep. 1429  Will;  -Gould ,  prep: Fra.  NidMas  Wartre, Dromor.  epifeopv.s, 1453  Joh.  Leake,  prejb-. 1464  Joh,  Garnet,  cap. 1492  Will.  Thomson,  decr.B. 156b  David  John  'dec.  B. 1506  Will.  Mafon,  prefb. 1518  Will.  Batty,  prep. 15  21  Chrif.  WiHbn','  pfffi. 1 535  Rob.  Afhb'ie,  cap'.'  ' 1586  Fran.  Ha r par,  clel. J595  J:1C-  Crayriger,  cler. 1624  Joh.  Wjlfon,  cler. *639  Joh.  Peryns,  cler.  M.A. 1688  Joh.  Bradley,  cler. Patroni. Dom*.  Idonea  de  Percy.  Vid, Hen.  Percy  mil.  dom.  Percy. Idem. ‘Idem. Idem.  Com.  Northumb. Idem. Idem. Idem i  '  ■ Hen.  Percy,  com.  Northumb. Georgius  dux  Clarentiae. Feofatores  Hen.  com.  Northumb. Hen.  com.  Northumbr. Idem. Idem. Idem. Idem. Elizabeth  a  reg. Eadem. Jacobus  rex. Carolus  I.  rex. Jacobus  II.  rex. WALM-CAT3 Vac  at.  ward. per  refig. per  refig. per  refig . per  mort. per  mort. per  refig. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  refig. per  mort. per  refig. per  refig. per  mort . per  inert, per  mort.' per  mort. Norfolk* j  chantry  in  this  church. Die  torn*  infejlo  mverfmus  S.  Pauli,  anno  13  ta (Jo)  Valet  de  cl  art)  -  _  I  J>  "• - - -  03  00  00 Gray’*  chantry. There  was  another  chantry  founded  in  this  rhnrrli  <L  si  ^  nr of  St.  John  Baptijl  and  St.  John  'the  Ev«v*jtte£ lark,  authonfcd  by  king  Rich.  11.  Mali  12  ,403  of  William  Gray,  or  Graa  ot j.  .7  ’  t-  a-  l.  s.  d. (i)  Valet  de  claro 02  13  08 Holm’r  chantryi (k)  A  third  was  founded  by  Thomas  Ho wem  nr  .■ fenced  bv  Richard  II.  as  appears  by  his  -rant  dated  O?  ,  tlme  merchant  111  T°rk,  li¬ the  altar  ot  the  faid  church,  to  keep7  a  ftafi  in  the  choir  ’  to  fin  W  I  c°  c,debrat^  m.afs  ac Sundays  and  holidays,  and  to  pray,  *  m  t  e  c  0Ir»  . t0  ^lng  and  fay  divine  fervice  on Valet  de  claro.  - _  s.  d. 04  06  10 Percy’*  chantry. Monumental  INSCRIPTIONS  from  Dodfworth ,  Torre,  £*. t  ^nct  '490. (/■>)  tot.. mo  13  Ed.  II.  m  30 (0  DoIfvmh\  coll  i„  the  add.  vol.  to  the  Momtl. 1  here  ,s  an  original  charter  of  a  chantry  founded  bv one  WG«  this  church,  city  records,  ITJtr  J which  I  fuppofe  may  be  this.  Rents  of  lands  belong- Si  'ying  “  "  cxprc<r'd m  co!l-  a"d  pot.  So  Ed.  III.  p.  a.  m.  27. CO  Ex  MS.  Tone,  /.  373.  ' +  B On i8(S Valm-gat WARD. Graa, Mayor  1367. Stillingbcc, 1403. Blackburn. Castl6  of York. The  HISTORY  «;;</  ANTIQUITIES  Boos  I. On  a  very  fair  tomb  with  the  portraits  of  a  man  and  his  wife  is  this  broken  infcription  : ©it  jatcnt  OTltilielmna  ©?aa  cf  Joljaiina  utot  cjus  .  •  •  v  ■  •  •  * cudo  qnoo  tcocmptoj  metis  titbit  ct  tn  nolriflUnft  etc . . - . amen. The  infcription  on  this  tomb,  which  is  ftill  handing  in  the  fouth  choir  of  the  church, Mr.  ‘Torre  could  not  read  ;  but  it  appears  by  the  foregoing  from  Dodfwortb's  manufeript , that  it  is  the  tomb  of  William  Gray ,  who  had  a  chantry  founded  for  him  in  this  church. Arms,  on  a  bend  between  two  cottizes  three  griffons  pallant ;  on  the  done  twice. RoneR  oojeRTON  prai  for  ms  sovlc. In  the  chancel. ^  Skate  pto  antma  Joljamtts  £>tilUitghce,  qui  oliiit  bii.  Die  mends  Juki  anno  ©oimni qj.CCCC.33131-  cuius  amine  pjopttietut  E>cus.  Allien. >}<  Johannes  Blackburn  cibts  ct  mcrcato?  ©bo? . cf  Satljccma  uro:  e;us. ARMS.  Or,  a  lyon  rampant  b.  Percy. . A  fefs  between  three’mullets,  in  (lone  on  thefteeple  and  porch. Argent,  on  a  bend  coctifed  azure,  three  garbs  or,  with  a  file  of  three  points  of  the  firft. Arms  of  England. Barry  of  fix  gules  and  argent. There  are  other  inferiptions  on  the  following  names :  Weightman ,  Jtrilfon,  Sweeten,  Afar- Jhall,  Jackftn,  Chapman,  Archbutt.  Alfo  of  Thomas  Barter  of  Oltley  eiq;  fir  Henry  Thomp- fon,  knight,  once  lord-mayor,  who  died  Aug.  26,  1692.  Some  children  of  fir  James  Brad- Jhave  of  Rijby.  Three  copartments,  one  for  Lewis  IVeJl,  efquire;  anocher  to  Rich.  Sait  ray, batchelor  of  phyfick  ;  the  third  for  William  Mafon,  prefbyter. Mr.  Thorejby  had  a  copper  plate  in  his  poffeflion  which  was  found  in  making  a  grave  in this  church,  and  which,  he  fays,  had  been  covertly  conveyed  and  fattened  on  the  infide  of the  coffin  of  a  popilh  prieft  who  was  executed  for  the  plot  1680 (m).  The  plate  had  this infcription  on  it : R.  D.  Thomas  Thweng  de  Heworth  collegii  Anglo-Duaceni  facerdos,  poft  15.  annos  in  Angli- cana  miffione  tranfailos  Eboraci  condemnatus,  marlyrm  a  fj'cclus  eft  Oft.  die  2 anno  Dorn. 1 680.  Duobus  falfts  teftibus  ob  crimen  confpirationls  tunc  temporis  catholicis  malitiosi impofitum. The  family  of  Thweng,  of  Heworth,  is  very  ancient  in  our  neighbourhood. At  the  end  of  this  ftreet  hands  the  famous  cahle  of  York  ;  fituated  at  the  confluence  of the  rivers  Oufe  and  Fofs-,  the  later  of  which  has  been  drawn  in  a  deep  mote  quite  round  its and  made  it  inacceflible  but  by  two  draw-bridges.  The  larger  of  thefe  lead  to  the  ancient great  gate  from  the  county,  the  piles  and  foundations  of  which  I  faw  lately  dug  up  ;  the other  to  a  poliern-gate  from  the  city.  This  has  been  a  year  ago  rebuilt  in  a  lmndfomer manner,  and  is  at  prefent  the  only  entrance  to  the  cahle;  except  I  mention  a  fmall  poftern near  the  milns. That  there  was  a  caftle  in  York  long  before  the  conqueror’s  time,  I  have  proved  in  the  (n)  an¬ nals  •,  which  I  take  to  have  been  in  the  place  already  deferibed  called  plD  )15aylc.  This therefore,  I  believe,  was  built  a  folo ,  but  probably  on  a  Roman  foundation,  by  William  I. and  made  fo  ftrong  in  order  to  keep  the  citizens  and  Northumbrians  in  awe  ;  and  to  preferve his  garrilons  better  than  they  were  in  the  former.  It  continued  to  be  in  his  fucceffors  hands, the  kings  of  England ,  and  was  the  conftant  refidence  of  the  high  Jbcrffi  of  the  county,  du¬ ring  their  fheriffalty,  for  fome  ages  after.  Several  accounts  are  to  be  met.with  in  the  pipe- rolls  which  the  high-ffieriffs  gave  in,  from  time  to  time,  for  the  reparations,  &c.  of  this caftle  ( 0 ).  And,°as  by  thefe  means,  thefe  officers  have  a  near  affinity  to  the  city,  a  gene¬ ral  lift  of  them,  as  high  as  they  can  be  traced,  will  be  given  in  the  fucceeding  chapter. Whilft  the  caftle  was  in  the  king’s  hands,  it  was  the  ftore-houfe  and  magazine  for  his revenues  in  the  north.  Here  was,  heretofore,  a  conftable  of  this  caftle  for  that  purpofe  ; for  I  find,  fays  fir  T.  W.  in  an  affize  of  Hen.  III.  mention  made  of  the  fees  and  cuftoms  be¬ longing  to  this  office (p).  By  the  13th  of  Rich.  II.  cap.  15.  it  is  enabled,  that  the  kings taffies,  which  are  fevered  from  the  counties  ffiall  be  rejoined  to  them.  From  whence,  I luppofe,  the  affizes  for  the  county  of  York  were  always  held  in  the  caftle  •,  which  hath  refe¬ rence  to  all  the  three  ridings  of  the  county,  but  yet  it  ftands  in  none  of  them  -,  neither  is  it within  the  liberties  of  the  city,  though  it  be  always  afTclfed,  and  bears  charges  with  the  pa- riffi  of  St.  Mary's  Caflle-gatc. (in)  Thcrc/h''  T>::c.it .  Leod.  in  appendix. (n)  Vide  ar.np.la  fub.  an.  939. Ko)  Hcuricus  dc  Bada  vie.  red.  comp,  in  attracts  facien- di:  ,(./  .ippcmtiones  caflri  de  Ebor.  cc.  marc  as  per  breve  regis. It  in  todem  cajlro  frmando  cc.  marcas  per  breve  regis.  Et in  cujiodibus  opper.uiomtm  caftn  cc.  marcas,  per  breve  regis . Rot.  Pipe-,  30  Hen.  III. (pj  In  ajfiz.  in  com.  Ebor.  craft.  Mich.  33  Hen.  III. - -  .  . /--8 {  [ie/t\f fiectiM  tuc/i  •  o, j|| iBph  * "... mm r-  -^<^54^- i  m  * L  * <>c4ri«^| 444 oA  i  “j •  J.-  ‘  ' *•- m J '  Ak  ijfe  ^  ^ *%  THOMAS  J)  ITNCOMBB  Ojq.  of  JWMCOMBE -PARK ,  Ji'ta/i rrurat  y  rate fi(fr fry  im,<fcrtfreefr  fry  friej  m/)Jt  <rfrr/iqA  " ancfr  most  fafrtfripifrfr  frutmfr'-fre  a  e  Tyrant Trail cis  Drake  . y.OOu  ~  dt/Jn,: Chap.  VII.  of  the  CITY  «/  YORK,  2H/ C q )  Falling  to  decay,  it  was  repaired,  or  rebuilt,  in  Richard  the  third’s  time.  Bat  Le-C.\  m.  of land  found  it  in  a  ruinous  condition,  the  area  of  this  caftle ,  fays  that  antiquary,  is  no  very^ORK grete  quanlilie ,  (her  be  five  ruinous  tours  in  it.  That  part  of  the  caftle,  which  remained  of the  old  foundation  in  fir  T.  Wh  time,  appeared  to  be  only  the  gate-houfe  to  the  old  build¬ ing,  by  the  proportion  of  the  gates  yet  (hewing  themfelves,  fays  fir  T.  on  the  eaft  fide  to¬ wards  Fijher-gdte  poftern  ;  where  the  great  door  is  walled  up,  and  where  the  main  building of  the  ca-file  was,  as  is  manifeft,  adds  he,  by  the  foundations  of  walls  all  over  the  faid place,  if  it  be  tryed  with  fpade  or  hack. The  prefent  ftrutfture  of  the  courts  (r )  of  juftice  where  the  afilzes  are  kept,  were  erected anno  1 673,  at  the  charge  of  the  county,  John  Ramfden  of  Byron  efq;  then  high-fheriff.  The ancient  towers  of  the  caftle,  which,  after  it  was  difmantled  of  a  garrifon,  became  a  county prildn  for  felons,  debtors,  Sc.  being  by  age  rendered  exceeding  ruinous,  and  a  molt  miferable goal,  was  wholly  taken  down,  and  the  prefent  molt  magnificent  ftrufture  ere&ed  in  its ftead,  anno  1701.  A  building  fo  noble  and  compleat  as  exceeds  all  others,  of  its  kind,  in Britain  ;  perhaps  in  Europe.  In  the  left  wing  is  a  handfome  chapel,  neatly  and  beautifully adorned  with  fuitable  furniture.  1'he  whole  pile  was  carried  on  by  a  tax  of  3  d.  per  pound, on  all  lands,  Sc.'  within  the  county  ;  purfuant  to  an  aft  of  parliament  obtained  for  that  pur- ■pofe.  By  thefe  means  a  very  great  fum  was  collected,  but  whether  all  laid  out  or  not,  I find  is  yet  difputable. The  juftic.es  ol  peace  for  this  county  have  of  late  years  taken  great  care  that  this  goal fhould  be  as  neat  and  convenient  within,  as  it  is  noble  without ;  by  allowing  of  ftraw  for the  felons,  and  railing  their  beds  which  before  ufed  to  be  upon  the  ground.  They  have likewife  caufed  an  infirmary  to  be  built,  for  thefick  to  be  carried  to  out  of  the  common  pri- fon  ;  allowed  a  yearly  falary  to  a  furgeon  to  attend  them,  and  have  repaired  the  caftle  walls quite  round.  In  the  reparations,  they  have  quite  taken  away  the  arch  of  the  ancient  grand entrance,  which  ufed  to  be  out  of  the  county  into  the  caftle,  over  a  draw- bridge; and  I  can  only  now  tell  pofterity,  that  the  gate  was  exaftly  oppofite  to  Fijher-gate  poftern or  rather  the  horfe  fteps  near  the  mill.  A  circumftance  not  regardable  by  any  but  a  true antiquary  *. (s)  There  were  anciently  two  chapels  in  or  near  this  caftle  ;  in  pat.  anno  19  Ric.  If.  par. 2.  in.  34.  there  was  granted  6  j.  8  d.  rent  out  of  tenements  in  jSanD  IjuttOtt  to  the  king’s  cha¬ pel  without  the  caftle.  Many  lands  were  holden  by  fpeciai  tenures,  relating  to  die  cuftody and  fafe-guard  of  the  caftle. In  a  book  of  tenures  kept  in  the  firft  remembrancer’s  office  in  the  exchequer,  the  title  of which  book  is  this  :  file  liber  compofitus  et  compilatus  fuit  de  diverfis  inquifitionibus  ex  officio  cap- tis  temp,  regis  Edvard  i  filii  regis  Henrici,  Sc. Com.  Ebor.  The  caftle  of  York  is  worth  by  year  xs.(t) >  Robertus  Belifiarius  doth  hold,  by  ferjeantry,  four  acres  and  a  half  in  <2>efceDaIe  by  the  fer- vice  of  one  Ballifier. John  de  Watingham  holds,  by  ferjeanty,  four  carucates  of  land  by  the  fame  fervice,  and  is worth  by  the  year  fix  mark. John  le  Boer  holds  five  carucates  and  an  half  of  land  by  the  fervice  of  an  archer  in  the caftle  of  York ,  and  it  is  worth  by  year  x  s. Docket  homo  Camerary  holds  lands  in  the  city  of  York ,  which  belong  to  the  cuftody  of  the gate  of  the  caftle,  and  it  is  worth  by  year  i  s ■. David  le  Ear  diner  holds  one  ferjeanty  ;  and  he  is  keeper  of  the  Goal  of  the  Forefi ,  and  fel- zer  of  the  cattle  which  are  taken  for  the  king’s  debts. Richard  the  fon  of  Vide  of  J^flaliCbp  holds  two  carucates  of  land  by  the  fervice  of  fitting the  king’s  trimerium  (u)  and  it  is  worth  by  the  year  xl  s. John  de  Caivood  holds  two  carucates  of  land  in  CatUCOtJ,  by  the  ferjeanty  of  keeping  the foreft  beeween  Oufe  and  Derwent ,  but  the  value  unknown. Robert  de  Gevedale  and  Thomas  de  Gevedale  doe  holdall  dcbctialc,  by  ballifiery  to  the  caftle of  York. (x)  Anketine  Salvayne,  knight,  did  hold  the  day  of  his  death,  four  tofts  and  four  ox- gangs  and  a  half  of  land  in  Jjojtj)  SDalfoit  of  the  king,  in  capite ,  as  of  his  crown,  by  ho¬ mage  and  the  fixth  part  of  a  certain  ferjeanty  ;  which  entire  ferjeanty  is  held  of  the  king  in capite  by  the  fervice  of  finding  one  man  with  bow  and  arrows  in  the  caftle  of  York ,  at  his own  charge  for  forty  days  it  there  be  war  in  the  county  of  York\  and  paying  to  the  king  in his  exchequer  by  the  hands  of  the  file  riff  of  Yorkjhire  xv  s.  at  Eajler  and  Michaelmas. (y)  John  le  Archer  held  the  day  of  his  death  one  meffuage  and  four  acres  of  land  in  |3ap am oi  the  king  in  capite ,  by  the  fervice  ol  a  feventh  part  of  a  certain  ferjeanty,  which  entire (7)  Camden.  Lclandi  itm.  incept.  an.  1  538. {>  )  Called  anciently  fllJjODt-ball.  i59otC  or  Slfloot yl.l6.CDOT  orEGCDOT  convert  ns  DeCOOTpeTCL  no- the  Sc^OOt-l)ftit.  Mine  SH^CIC -UCll  quae  exponitur cam  pain  qud  conventus  public  m  indintttr.  Skinner  et  diet. (s)  Ex  MS.  fir  T.  W. (;)  F.  688.  n  689,  90. *  Ebor.  portae  cajlri  ferjeantia  ibidem  ad  quern  cu/lodia pertinet  et  de  valore  ejufdem  per  an.  Efch.  55  Hen.  III. N°.45- («)  I  cannot  find  the  fignification  of  this  word,  un- lefs  ir  mean  a  triple  tower. (*)  Efch.  anno  25  Ed.  ITT.  N*.  5-7. (y)  Efch.  anno  z  Ed.  III.  N°.  46. ferjeanty i8B Castle  o York. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. icrjeanty  is  held  of  the  king  in  capite ,  by  finding  one  man  wiih  bow  and  arrows  in  the  caftle of  York,  as  before. (z)  Willi:-,  m  the  fon  of  Cicely  de  Slav ely,  of  (©fbcnDalc,  held  the  day  of  his  death certain  lands  in  that  town  and  in  ©aft  (E'tbcnOnlc,  of  the  king  in  capite,  by  the  fervice  of  a ninth  part  of  a  certain  ferjeanty,  which  entire  lerjeanty  is  held  of  the  kind  by  the  fcrvice  as above. ( a )  Agnes  de  GevendaU  at  the  day  of  her  death  held  one  mefluage  and  land  in  (Satf Dale  of  the  king  in  capite ,  to  find,  with  her  fellows,  one  balijier  within  a  certain  tower  in the  caftle  of  York,  for  the  fafe  cuflody  of  the  caftle  for  forty  davs  in  time  of  war. Queen  Elizabeth  by  her  charter  dated  December  2,  in  the  fifteenth  year  of  her  reign,  1573, grants  to  Peter  Pennant ,  alias  Piers  Pennant,  the  keeping  of  the  goal  and  the  office  of  kee¬ per  of  the  cattle  of  2ork,  and  the  grafs  within  the  precincts  of  the  cattle  ;  with  all  houles, cellars,  barns,  ttables,  gardens  and  ditches,  within  the  precin6ts  of  the  fame;  and  the keeping  of  all  prifoners  and  perfons  by  the  mandate  of  the  prefident  and  vice-prefident  of the  council,  with  the  fees  pertaining  to  the  office;  and  after  the  death  of  Pieres  Pennant  it was  granted  to  Anthony  Benni,  the  king’s  footman,  to  be  executed  by  his  fufficient deputy,  &c. Whereas  in  York-cajlle  there  was  a  goal,  the  cuflody  whereof  the  keeper  of  the  caftle claimed  ;  but  the  fherifF  of  the  county  took  out  the  prifoners,  and  the  caftle  keeper  com¬ plained,  but  had  no  remedy  ;  for  that  the  goal  is  the  IherifPs,  and  he  is  to  anfwer  for elcapes.  Anderfon,  vol.  I.  fob  345.  p.  320* C  a  s  t  l  e-P  reachers.  16  Jan.  io  Car.  I.  1634. Phineas  Hodfon ,  I).  D.  chancellor  of  York,  granted  to  John  Scott ,  dean,  George  Stan¬ hope,  D.  D.  Henry  Wickham,  D.  D.  canons  refidentiaries  of  the  fiid  church,  their  heirs  and affigns  lor  ever,  one  annual  rent  or  fum  of  thirty  pounds,  ifluing  out  of  one  meftuage  fi- tuate  in  Bempton,  alias  Benton,  upon  the  Woulds ;  alfo  outol  the  chapel  of  Benton  and  New- fam,  and  out  of  all  manner  of  tythes,  fheaves  of  corn  and  grain,  hay,  wool,  lamb,  hemp, calf,  and  all  manner  of  tythes  whatfoever,  fmall  and  great,  to  them  belonging,  (Ac. It  being  agreed  and  covenanted  between  the  faid  John  Scot ,  iAc.  and  fuch  perfon  or  per¬ fons  who  ffiall  have  the  laid  rent,  that  they  fhall  yearly,  after  the  feaft  of  St.  Martin ,  biffiop, next  coming,  pay  the  fum  of  25/.  parcel  of  the  faid  30/,  half-yearly,  within  twenty  fix days,  &c.  to  fuch  minifter,  or  preacher  of  God’s  word,  as  fliall  be  nominated  and  appoin¬ ted  by  the  laid  Phineas  Hodfon ,  during  his  life,  to  preach  weekly  in  the  caftle  to  the  prifo¬ ners  there  for  the  time  being  through  the- year ;  except  only  affize-weeks,  and  times  of  in¬ fection. And  the  other  5/.  out  of  the  faid  yearly  rent  of  the  30/.  ffiall  be  yearly  paid,  and  weekly diftributed  by  2  s.  6d.  per  week  in  bread,  amongft  the  poor,  upon  the  fermon  days,  to fuch  of  them  as  ffiall  be  prefent. And  after  the  faid  Phineas  his  death,  then  the  dean  and  chapter  of  York  ffiall  appoint and  nominate  the  preacher  to  the  laid  prifoners  in  the  caftle  forever,  &c.  Yorre,f.  S 63. This  ftipend  is  augmented  by  the  county  to  40/.  per  ann. The  area  of  this  caftle  of  no  great  quantity,  as  Leland  lays,  is  very  confiderable  for  a prifon ;  the  walls  being  about  1 100  yards  in  circumference,  and  the  prifoners  having  the  li¬ berty  of  walking  in  it,  makes  their  confinement,  within  thefe  walls,  lefs  irk fome  and  more wholefome.  There  is  a  well  of  excellent  water  in  it,  by  the  houfe  where  the  grand-jury meet  ;  which  houle  was  built  the  fame  year  as  the  oppofite  courts  of  juftice  ;  and  are  con¬ joined  by  a  walk,  well  paved  with  Hone,  made  a  year  or  two  ago.  I  mull  not  forget  to mention  another  walk,  on  the  back  of  the  caftle,  next  the  Fojfe ,  which  yet  retains  the  name of  fir  Harry  Slingjby’s  walk ;  faid  to  be  made  by  that  unfortunate  gentleman  in  his  confine¬ ment  in  this  caftle.  From  whence  he  was  removed  to  London,  tried,  condemned  and  be¬ headed  by  a  pack  of  rebels  for  his  Heady  loyalty  to  his  injured  fovereign.  I  take  leave  of the  caftle  with  prefenting  the  reader  a  view  of  it. Within  fome  paces  of  the  gate,  clofe  to  the  bridge,  is  erected  (b)  the  city’s  arms,  at  the extent  of  their  liberties  ;  where  the  city’s  ffieriffs  Hand  to  receive  the  judges  of  affize,  and conduft  them  to  the  common  hall  when  they  come  the  circuit.  It  was  not  immaterial  that this  mark  of  diftinguiffiing  the  city’s  liberties  from  the  county’s  was  here  letup,  f  find  the high-ffieriffs  have  often  laid  claim  to  that  part  of  the  ftreet  called  Cajlle-hill ;  and  have  made arrefts  thereon.  A  remarkable  inilance  that  I  have  met  with  in  the  city’s  oldeft  regifter  is as  follows :  (c )  Anno  regni  regis  Hen.  V.  ult.  1422,  Henry  Prejlon  lord-mayor  was  informed that  fir  Halnatheus  Mauleverer,  then  high-ffierifF  of  the  county,  had  come,  in  his  proper perfon,  to  the  houle  of  one  William  Hafeham ,  dwelling  on  Cajlle-hill  in  this  city,  and  had arrefted  one  Agnes  Farand,  otherwife  named  Agnes  Bercoats ,  commonly  known  to  be  the (r.)  Eborum,  Efch.aimo  29  Ed.  III.  N'  48.  and  Etch.  ( b )  Erefted  on  both  fidr>  anno  1679.  Richard  Shaw, anno  3  Ed.  II.  Adam  dc  Stavely.  mayor. (a)  Efc,  anno  5 1  Ed.  HI.  N°.  13.  (c)  Ex  regijtro  f.  64.  fnb  hoc  anno. ( d)  con- Chap. VII.  of  the  CITY  YORK,  igQ (d)  concubine  of  the  reft  or  of  Wath  •,  and  had  carried  her  prifoner  into  the  caftle.  The  mayor* much  grieved  ac  this  prefumption,  lent  melfengers  to  the  high-fherifF,  to  acquaint  him  that he  had  done  contrary  to  the  liberties  and  privileges  of  the  city,  in  arrefting  Agnes  in  the  laid place,  and  required  him  to  deliver  her  up.  The  high  flier  iff  anfwered  peremptorily  that he  would  not,  but  would  detain  her  prifoner  till  he  had  certified  the  king  and  council  of  the fa&.  However,  as  the  record  adds,  fir  William  Harrington ,  lately  high  fheriff,  an  honou¬ rable  perlon,  and  a  friend  to  both  parties,  hearing  of  it,  being  then  in  the  cattle,  lent  the mayor  word  that  if  he  would  come  down  on  the  morrow  to  the  monattery  of  the  Augujline fryars,  he  would  bring  them  together  and  try  to  make  a  good  end  of  this  matter.  At  this meeting  the  whole  affair  was  talked  over  betwixt  them,  the  refult  of  which  was  the  high- flieriff  gave  up  the  lady,  and  commanded  her  to  be  conveyed  to  the  place  from  whence  flic was  taken. Adjoining  to  the  caftle  is  an  high  mount,  thrown,  up  by  prodigious  labour,  on  which  Clifford'. Hands  a  tower  of  fomewhat  a  round  form,  called  Clifford's  tower.  This  place  has  ton" Town. born  that  name,  and  if  we  may  believe  tradition,  ever  fince  it  was  built  by  the  conqueror \ one  of  that  family  being  made  the  firfi  governor  of  it.  Sir  T.  IV.  fiys,  from  the  authority of  (e)  Waller  Strickland  efq;  whom  lie  calls  an  excellent  antiquary  that  the  lords  Cliffords have  very  anciently  been  called  Caftclcjm3,  fttaDctlS  or  ftccpcrs  of  this  tower.  But  whe¬ ther  it  be  from  hence,  that  the  family  claim  a  right  of  carrying  the  city’s  fword  before  the king  in  Tork ,  I  know  not.  I  have  noted  fomewhat  relating  to  that. honour  in  the  annals of  this  work,  temp.  Jac.  I.  what  i\r  Thomas  has  left  concerning  it,  who  has  been  very  parti¬ cular  in  drawing  up  the  claim,  fhall  be  given  in  the  appendix. (f)  Lei  an  (U  in  his  defeription  of  the  caftle  of  Tork,  fays,  the  arx  is  al  in  mine:  And  the roote  of  the  hille  that  it  Jlandith  on  is  environid  with  an  arme  derivid  out  of  FoJJe-water.  It  con¬ tinue.:  in  a  ruinous  condition  till  the  grand  rebellion  begun,  and  when  the  city  was  ordered to  be  fortified,  this  place  was  looked  upon  as  proper  for  that  purpofe.  By  the  direction  of Henry  then  (g)  earl  of  Cumberland,  lord  lieutenant  of  the  northern  parts,  and  governor  of York,  this  tower  was  repaired  *  a  confiderable  additional  fquare  building  put  to  it,  on  that fide  next  the  caftle,  on  which  over  the  gate,  in  ftone  work,  is  placed  the  royal  arms  and thofe  of  the  Cliffords ,  viz.  chequee  and, a  jfefs,  enfigned  with  an  earl’s  coronet,  ftipported by  two  wiverns  with  this  motto  Desorm  a  is. The  tower  being  repaired  and  ftrengthendd  with  fortifications,'  a  draw  bridge,  deep  moat, and  pallifidoes  •,  on  the  top  of  it  was  made  a  platform,  on  which  home  pieces  of  cannon were  mounted  •,  two  demy  culverins  and  a  laker,  with  a.garilon  appointed. to  defend  it. Sir  Francis  Cob  colonel,  was  made  governor  of  it;  who  with  his  lieutenant  colonel,  major and  captains,  had  their  lodgings  there  during  the  fiege  of  the  city,  an.  1644.  After  the rendition  of  the  city  to  the  parliament’s  generals,  it  was  all  difmantled  of  its  garrilbh  except this  tower;  of  which  Thomas  Dickenfon ,  then  lord-mayor,  a  man  remarkable  for  his  eminent difloyajty,  was  made  governor.  It  continued  in  the  hands  of  his  iiicceiTdrs;  as  governors, till  the  year  16S3,  when  fir  John  Rerejhy  was  made  governor  of  it  byf  king  Charles  Ik Anno  16S4,  on  the  feftival  of  St.  George ,  about  ten  at-  night,  the  magazine  took  fire,  blew up,  and  the  tower  made  a  fhell  of,  as  it  continues  ac  this  day.  Whether  this  was  done accidentally  or  on  purpofe  is  difputable  ;  it  was  obferved  that  the  officers  and  foldiers  of the  garrifon  had  removed  all  their  beft  things  before,  and  I  havTbeen  told  chat  it  was!a common  toaft  in  the  city  to  drink  C6  the  demolifhing  of  the  minced  pye nor  was  there  one man  killed  by  the  accident. This  mount  exactly  correfponds  with  much  fuch  another  on  the  weft  fide  of  the  river  in Old-Bayle ,  which  I  have  deferibed.  By  the  extraordinary  labour  that  muft  have  been  ap¬ plied  to  the  railing  this  mount,  I  can  judge  it  to  have  been  eftefted  by  no  lefs  than  a  Roman power.  The  conqueror  might  build  the  prejent  ftruifture,  the  infide  of  which  exhibiting  a regularity,  very  uncommon  in  a  Gothick  building,  I  have  given  a  print  of  it.  Within  this tower  was  a  deep  well,  now  choaked  up,  faid  to  have  been  a  fpring  of  excellent  Water. Here  was  alfo  a  dungeon,  fo  dark  as  not  to  take  in  the  leaft  ray  of  light.  The  proper¬ ty  of  the  tower,  mount,  ditches,  and  exterior  fortifications  is  now  in  private -hands,  and held  by  a  grant  from  James  I.  to  Babington  and  Duff  eld ,  amongft  feveral  other  ’lands granted  to  them  in  and  about  the  city  of  Totk.  The  words  of  the  grant  arc  (h)  totam  illam peciam  terrae  noflram  fcituat.jacent.  etexifeni.  in  civil,  noji.  Ebor.  vocal.  Clifford’!  Tower  ; but  whether  the  building  pafied  by  this  grant,  or  whether  the  crown  did  not  always  re- ferve  the  fortifications  ;  is  a  queftion  proper  to  be  difeufled  ;  fince  by  the  tower’s  falling  into private  hands,  it  is  threatned  with  an  entire  erazement,  which  will  be  a  great  blemifh  tothe city;  this  venerable  pile,  though  a  ruin,  being  a  confiderable  ornament  to  it..  I  prelent the  reader  with  a  view  of  the  tower,  as  it  flood  fortified  anno  1680,  with  its  draw  bridge  or entrance  from  the  caftle.  What  it  is  at  prefent  may  be  feen  in  a  former  plate  of  the  city° *5>o  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book! Walm-gate  I  now  return  into  the  city  by  a  lane,  called  Caftlegate  pcftern-laHe ;  from  its  leading  down Castle-  f.°  a  P°^ern  gatc  of  that  name.  This  entrance  into  the  city  was  all'o  widned  for  car- G  vrs  f4!m-taSes’  £*;  an ■  ifi72>  by  f‘r  Henry  Lhompfon.  lord-mayor,  his  habitation  being  upon  Cajtli- Hll,  and  his  country-houfe  at  Efcrig,  making  it  convenient  for  him  fo  to  do.  The  lane  is  not remarkable,  but  for  the  gardens  that  go  from  it  down  to  the  river,  which  was  the  fiteofthe monaftery  of  the  Augujimt  fryars.  On  Cajtle-bill  are  fome  good  houfes  and  gardens  on both  fides  the  ilreet.  Contiguous  to  the  church-yard  Hands  an  hofpital  erefted  by  the  for- Thowfson's  nier  fir  Henry  Lhompfon ,  knight,  for  fix  poor  freemen,  whom  the  lord-mayor  and  aldermen hofpital.  for  the  time  being  have  the  nomination  of. Copper-  At  the  other  end  of  Caftle-gate  is  Copper-gate ;  which  has  nothing  remarkable  in  its =  ate.  name,  or  Ilreet;  except  I  mention  a  great  inn  over  againft  the  church-yard  called  the Nii-.-cATE.  White-horfe-inn.  Nefs-gatea.  little  ilreet  from  ficts  Nafus,  a  nofe  or  neck  of  land.  High Quit -oat  e s a}h{  Oufe-gate are ilreets  which  lead  to  the  river  Oufe. Spurrier-  Spur  net  -gate  is  oppofite,  and  took  its  name  irom  the  Spurriers ,  which  were  a  great  craft formerly,  when  our  warriors  wore  fpurs  of  a  moil  extraordinary  length  and  thicknefs.  In Mr.  Tborejby  s  Mufaeum  at  Leeds,  were  many  forts  of  antique  fpurs,  and  fome  of  them, which  I  faw,  were  fix  inches  from  the  heel  to  the  rowel.  At  the  corner  of  this  ilreet  and Low  Oufe-gate  ilands .  M i c n  a  t  ].  i  I  fie  parilh  church  of  Sr.  Michael,  which  is  a  very  ancient  reflory,  and  was  given  by  king miliam  theconqueror  to  the  abbey  of  SuMarfs  Turk.  And  until  the  diiTolution  belonged to  the  patronage  of  that  religious  houfe ;  which  received  out  of  it  the  annual  peniion of36j'T)  I.  s.  d. The  redtory  of  St.  Michael  is  thus  valued  in  the  king’s  books.  Firfi:  fruits  oS  12  or Procurations  oo  18  02  1 Subfidies  00  14  00 A  CATALOGUE  of  the  RECTORS  of  St.  Michael  O use-bridge. Temp. inf  it.  ReSlores  eccl. Anno 1255  Reyner.  de  Schypton,  cl. 1268  Will,  de  Candelby,  cler. 1269  Rob.  de  Sexdecem-valli- bus,  prejb. 1288  Rod.  de  Poiithorpe,  cl. per  JequeJl.  tenuit. 1288  Joh.  de  Dalton,  fubd. 1305  Will,  de  Butterwyke,pr. 1310  Joh.  de  Ayremine,  a  col. 1316  Walt,  de  Yarewell. 1326  Ric.  Wetherby,  prefb. 133 9  Gilb.  de  Yarewell,  cap. Joh.  de  Kylpin,  cap. 1 349  Joh.  de  T yverington,  pr. Joh.  de  Burton,  prejb. 1362  Joh.  Heriz,  prefb. Rad.  de  Setterington,  pr. 1403  Tho.  de  Watton,  prejb. 1404  Rob.  Applegarth,  cap. 1409  Tho.  Grenewode, pr.L.D. Ric.  Staynton,  prejb. 1442  Rob.  Tarre,  prejb. 1448  Rob.  Stillington,  LL.D. 1450  Will.  Langton,  L.  B. 1466  Joh.  Lancafter,  L.  D. 1471  Tho.  Tewfon,  cap. 1500  Joh.  Rutter,  cap. 1502  Joh.  Hedingham,  cap. 150 6  Arthur  Wood,  prejb. 1509  Hen.  Beflon,  cap. 1522  Joh.  Marfhall,  L.  B. 1531  Nic.  Atkynfon,  prejb. 1548  Rad.  Whyttling,  prejb. Patroni. Abbas  e t  conv. B.  Mar.  Ebor. Ltdem. I  idem. lidem. Iidem. lidem. Iidem. lidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Lidem. lidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. AJfign.  ab.  et convent. Lidem. AJfign.  ab,  et convent. Vac  at. per  refig per  refig. per  refig. per  refg. per  mort. per  rejig. per  mort. per  refig. per  rejig, per  mort. per  refig. per  mort. per  mort. per  rejig. t  i;. per  mort. per  refig. per  mort. Salley’s  chantry. An.  133 6.  Rob.  de  Salley  citi¬ zen  of  York ,  by  licence  built  cer* tain  houfes  on  that  part  of  this church-yard  of  St.  Michael  be¬ tween  the  lane  called  ad  aqitarn de  UJe  and  this  church.  And  out of  the  rents  appointed  for  the fuftentation  of  one  chaplain  per¬ petually  to  celebrate  at  the  altar of  St.  Mary  in  this  church  for the  fouls  of  John  de  Rickal  chap¬ lain,  and  of  him  the  Paid  Rob.  de Salley  and  Maud  his  wife.  And further  to  fay  dayly  placebo ,  di¬ rig  e,  with  commendation  and full  fervice  of  the  dead,  fand  to be  afiiftant  at  martins  and  vcf- pers  on  Sundays  celebrated  in this  church.  To  celebrate  our lady’s  mafs  with  note  on  fefti- vals,  and  without  note  on  other days. Which  chaplain  fhall  be  pre- fented  by  the  parifhioners  of  this church  within  eight  days  of  any vacation,  and  fhall  honefUykecp the  chalice,  books,  prieft’s  veft- mentsand  other  ornaments  of  the chantry  ;  and  perpetually  find one  lamp  to  burn  before  the  laid 1  altar  day  and  night.  ( k ) l .  s.  d. Yearly  value  01  19  04 ( k )  Dodfworth  and  Turn . Temp. (i)  Ex  MS.  Torre,  f.  341. Chap.  VII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  291 Temp. inflit Reel  ores  eccl. Patroni. Vacat. Anno. 1 534  Ric.  Blanchard,  cler. Phil,  et  Mar. rex.  et  reg. per  mart. 1576  Hen.  Fifher,  cler. Eliz.  reg. 1 599  Jac.  Grainger,  cler. Eadem. per  refig. 1617  Milo  White,  prefh. Jac.  rex. 1662  Jofias  Hunter,  cler. Car.  II.  rex. Monumental  INSCRIPTIONS  ( l ). JEmfquts  oris  qui  nunc  tranfis  tffum  p?ope  butfum, /iullatcnus . fuitDc  pjtccfquc  mane ; ®  tlfon  Wlilltclmus  glebis  jacet  t)ic  coopcrtus, Clit  pjobus,  eppcrtus,  fit  fnmmo  pjittcipc  rectus. ►f<  bt)ic  jacet  aiauus  jjjamnierton  uupcr  cibis  et  meccatoi  Cabo:.  et  Jfabclla  tiro:  sjus,  qui Hammcrnm qutocm  aianus  obitt  pp  Die  jfcb.  8.  SDorn.  SJJ.  CCCC.2J.  quotum,  (tt-  I4°s' 4<  S'jatc  pto  antma  i?tcIjolai  inicars  quonoam  btcecomttis  cibitatis  Cboj.  qui  obitt  rpbi.  Die  vicars  i4ss. mentis  Blanuacit  a.  SDom.  8j>.CCCC.LVlt:U  J3C(. ►f,  sPjatc  p;o  antma  Sjiome  ®icac quonbatn  meccatoj.  itfius  cibitatis  oEboj.  qui  obiit  ppbiii,  v«»  1419. bio  mcufis  feeptcm.  8.  E>om.  JS.CCCC.SJ*, 4<  flJjatc  pjo  antma  jpagiffci  OTilliclmi  llangtou  quonbatn  remnis  itttus  etc.  qui  obiit  piii,  L“P“»  1463 Die  mentis  8uguili  8.3>om.  £p.CCCC.3lJiJ3J . ►fa  Ijic  jacet  Kobcrt  Jofmfon  ©jocec  quonbatn  major  tttitts  cibitatis  ffiboj-  qui  obitt  bit,  otc  Juhnr°"'497- menfts  ifeb.  3.  Som,  ty€€£€Lh,&m3®*  cujus,  sc.  \^Myar ►E  iD’atc  p?o  animabus  ^tlltclmt  ^aitcok  olim  tttius  cibitatis  ©bojaci  Slpotljccani,  qui Hancok  1485. obiit  fevto  Die  mcufis  3ulu  SL*  SDom.  $).©©€©  HZ.  et  (Alette  upo;is  Cue,  que  obitt quarto  Die  mentis  £lugutti  &♦  SDom*  £p.CCCC3l$¥.  quorum,  $c. ►p  l^tc  jacent  £DUbcrus  spioclton . quonbatn  tiHicecomcs  cibitatis  cDboj,  et  Mideiton tittta  et  Holjamta  ujrores  ejufoem,  qui  qutocm  gDliberus  obiit  rib  oie  3|an.  ja.  SDom.  1504.  >s°+- Here  lyetb  interred  the  "bodies  of  Mr.  Geffrey  Urin,  once  fheriff  of  Lincoln,  who  departed  this  Urin  1656. life  the  15th  day  of  Jan.  An.  Dom.  1656.  A?ul  alfo  the  body  of  Mrs.  Jane  Urin  his  wife ,  Urin  l6.6 fhe  departed  this  life  the  10 th  day  of  March,  A.  D.  1664.  aged  94. Alfo  Mr.  Thomas  Maylor,  citizen  mid  merchant  of  Yorke,  who  departed  this  life  the  1 6th  of  Maylor  1676. Decemb.  A.  D.  1676.  Son-in-law  to  the  parties  aforefaid.  Aetar.  fuae56. Hie  jacet  Willielmus  Lee  fen.  almae  curiae  Ebor.  procurator  generalise  qui  obiit  30  die  Feb.  Lee  1641, A.  D.  164.1.  annoque  actat.  fuae  45. Paris  Lee  filius  Gulielmi  et  Margarettae  Lee,  hinc  non  a  longinquo  repofiti  curiae  Ebor.  confifto-  Lee  1643. rialis  nunc  procurator  unus  hoc  tumulo  jacet  fepultus  obiit  6°  die  Feb.  A.  D.  1643.  act  at.  35. Aeternitatis  et  gloriae  candidatus. Here  lyetb  the  body  of  Francis  Jackfon  of  Leeds,  alderman ,  who  departed  this  life  Aug.  13,  1644.  Jackfom644. Gulielmus  Turbut  arm.  dum  vixit  dodliffimus  et  fideliffunus  Eboracenfis  confiftorii  regijlrarius  mo-  Turbut  1648. dernus ,  et  dileflijfimae  cuftodiae  fpiritus  fanEli  animam  hujus  fepulchrum  marmorenm  et  proprium corpus  tr adit ,  et  in  pace  tuto  requiefcant,  ufque  ad  futurdm  glo-riam  repeterentur,  ob.  Nov.  16, 1648.  aetat.fuae  74. Here  lieth  the  body  of  William  Shawe  batchelor ,  late  of  this  city  merchant ,  fon  of  Mr.  Thomas  shawe  1681. Shawe  late  recorder  of  Aldingham,  in  Furnefe,  in  Lancafhire,  who  departed  this  life  the i8'h  day  of  July  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  168 1,  being  aged  40  years  •,  and  by  bis  laft  will  gave one  hundred  pound  to  the  poor  of  this  parifh  for  ever. This  for  a  memorandum  of  his  name , Whofe  virtue  yet  furviving ,  let  his  fame.  * Here  lyetb  the  body  of  Samuel  Mancldyn  gent,  fon  of  George  Mancklyn  formerly  lord- mayor  Mancklyn of  the  city  of  Yorke,  who  married  Margaret  eldejl  daughter  of  Henry  Harrifon  of  Holtby  1687. e/quire  (fecond  fon  of  fir  Thomas  Harrifon  of  CopgraveJ  by  whom  he  had  iffue  one  only daughter  named  Ifabel.  He  departed  this  life  May  18,  1687. Here  lyetb  the  body  of  George  Mancklyns  alderman,  and  fame  time  lord- mayor  of  this  citye,  Mancklyns aged  74  years,  and  dyed  2  7th  December  1 683.  1 683 .  Lord- Afa  the  lady  Ifabel  his  wife,  aged  66,  and  died  the  20th  of  November  1680. ►£<  s2Dt?a£c  p?o  anima  Hictjaroi  ^abage  quottDam  bicecom.  cibit.  ©bo:.  et  aiicie  ujro>.  ejwP  savage  1 544. ocm,  qut  obiit  pjciit  Die  #ug.  att.  SDom.  1544*  quotum  ammabus,  fc.  sbmfi  540. Modern  inferiptions  carry  the  names  of  Williamfon,  IVood,  Whitehead,  Stevenfan,  Mitchell , Murgetroyd,  Haerlon,  Geldart ,  Harley,  Day ,  &c. Wilfon,  Lot.u mayor  151-3. (i )  Ex  MSS.  Dodfworth  et  Torre. I  can- 291  the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. Walh-oate  I  cannot  take  leave  of  this  church  without  obfcrving  that  the  weft  end  of  it  is  almoft ward.  wholly  built  of  th etgrit  Jlone,  of  which  here  are  fome  blocks  of  an  extraordinary  (ize  ;  a- mongft  them  is  an  altar  ftone,  but  the  infcriptton  defaced.  A  lane  from  Spurrier-galea  oes sc Michael's  half  round  this  church  and  opens  into  low  Oufe-gdte,  the  houfes  near  the  corner  have  been case.  formerly  built  on  the  church-yard,  as  is  oblcrvable  by  the  quantity  of  bones  dug  up  in  their foundations.  This  I  took  no  notice  of  in  the  cofnrr-houfe,  which  was  pulled  down  and rebuilt  laft  year,  and  thereby  the  ttirn  made  more  rr  modious  for  coaches,  &fr l."1™',  From  uPPer  OufrgjU  through  two  lanes  allies,  one  called  Pope' s-bead  alley,  we  are brought  into  another  lane  called  Peter- lane-.', 'He  which  took  its  name  from  a  church  which formerly  (hood  on  the  eaft  fide  of  it  dedicated  to  St.  Peter  ;  for  diftinftion  fake  called  eccle- Jia  S.  Petri  parva,  or  S.  (deters  Ic  Itffsl. Clm„h  Of  St.  (HI)  The  parilh  church  of  St.  Peter  Ic  little  was  an  antient  reftory  belonging  to  the  patro. thc  Prlor  «*!  convent  of  Durham.  But,  aur.o  1585,  it  having  been  fome  time  be¬ fore  demohfhed,  m,  together  with  its  parifh  and  all  its  members,  united  and  annexed  to the  church  of  Al.  Pints  in  the  Pavement.  There  were  formerly  four  chantries  beionaina  to this  church.  6  6 ^ILLH  AL¬ LOWS  Pave ME  NT. T  he  fir  It  was  founded  anno  1348,  by  John  de  Akum  citizen  of  York,  at  die  altar  of  St.  Ma- m  •,  and  granted  two  mefiuages  and  fix  pound  annual  rent  in  the  city  to  a  chaplain  celebrating for  ever,  &c.  0 Akum’;  fecond  chantry. There  was  another  chantry  founded  in  this  church  anno  r  358,  by  Robert  de  Swet mouth and  John  de  Akum  executors  to  the  former  John,  at  the  altar  of  St  John  bapt'jl,  at  the  re- quelt;  of  the  abbot  and  convent  of  Byland ,  ‘or  the  fouls  of  the  fa  id  John  de  Akum  deccafed Blene  his  wile,  and  of  Robert  and  Alice  his  father  and  mother. Setterington’s  chantry. A  third  was  founded  anno  1352,  by  Stephen  de Seiterington  of  York  tanner,  who  granted three  mefiuages  and  two  pound  one  fiiilling  and  eight  pence  annual  rent  in  the  c'ny  unto liico  -rd  Ptp  e  chaplain  and  his  fucceflors,  for  celebrating  divine  fervice  at  the  altar  of  Sr. Mary  m  this  church  of  St.  Peter  the  little,  for  his  own  foul,  and  the  foul  of  A* res  his wire,  c pc?  /  15  ‘  ,  1 Yearly  value  -  - - -  -  _  Q+  ,g  0+  , Swetmouth*;  chantry. ~fnn?  *352’  Robert  Swetmouth  chap,  and  William  Swetmouth  tanner  of  York,  granted  unto John  dr  Golhcland  cap.  and  his  fucceflors  for  ever  celebrating  at  the  altar  of  Sc.  Margaret the  virgin  in  this  church,  for  the  fouls,  ,Gfe.  two  mefiuages  in  3ubcrgatc  &c  /  <  d Yearly  value  —  —  _ _  d  V J  a\  -men:,  whether  this  was  fo  called  from  being  the  firft  or  laft  paved  ftreef  in  the  city, I  cannot  determine.  It  has  bore  that  name  fome  hundred  of  years  •,  yeti  cannot  find  this place  made  ufe  of  for  a  market,  by  any  regulation  in  the  old  regifters  of  the  city.  It  is but  of  late  years  fince  the  crofs  was  erected  in  it,  and  there  was  none  here  before.  Bifhop Morton,  born  in  this  ftreet  had  a  defign  to  have  erected  a  crofs  in  it,  in  his  time ;  but  the owner  of  fome  houfes  he  was  about  to  purchale,  would  not  fell  them.  The  crofs  which Itands  here  now,  was  built  at  the  foie  expence  of  Mr.  Marmaduke  Rawden,  merchant  in London,  a  native  of  this  city  ;  who,  amongft  other  fpecial  benefactions,  erected  this  f.i- brick.  Being  a  fquare  with  a  dome,  afeended  into,  by  a  pair  of  winding  flairs,  and  lup- ported  by  twelve  pillars  of  the  Ionick  order,  but  ill  executed.  Anno  1671,  to  enlarge  the market-place,  fome  houfes  were  bought  and  pulled  down,  which  Itood  betwixt  the  church •and  the  crofs.  And  archbifhop  Stern  gave  leave,  alfo  to  take  off  a  good  piece  of  the church -yard,  to  the  north,  for  the  fame  purpofe.  Whatfoever  it  was  formerly  it  is  now the  market  for  all  forts  of  grain,  wild  fowl,  poultry  ware,  butter,  &c.  The  herb  market is  in  Oufegate  above  it  already  deferibed. The  church  of  Allhallows  in  the  Pavement,  may  more  properly  be  faid  to  ftand  in  up- .  per  Oufe-gate ,  and  in  an  old  grant  to  the  abbey  of  Fountains,  which  I  have  feen,  the  redtor 0t  iri  Uf  1  •  aS  WItne^»  ^  called  (n)  rePtor  ecelefe  omnium  fa'nclorum  in  Ufegata.  The northfide  of  this  church  is  almoft  wholly  built  out  of  the  ruins  of  Eboracum;  but  the tower  or  Iteeple  is  fo  exquifite  a  piece  of  Gotbick  architetture,  that  I  have  thought  fit  to lubjoin  a  perlpcftive  view.  of  ir,  alorlg  with  the  crofs.  The  fteeplc  at  the  top  is  finilhed ianthorn  wife;  and  tradition  tells  us,  that  antiently  a  large  lamp  hung  in  it,  which  was lighted  in  the  night  time,  as  a  mark  for  travellers  to  aim  at,  in  their  paflage  over  the  irn- menle  foreit  of  Galtres  to  the  city  (0).  There  is  (till  the  hook,  or  pully,  on  which  the amp  ung,  in  the  fteeple.  1  he  whole  pile  narrowly  efcaped  being  confumed  with  fire, anno  1094,  when  molt  of  the  buildings  oppofite  to  it  in  Oufegate  were  laid  in  allies.  This ■was  the  occafion  of  fo  many  handfome  ftruftures  being  created  in  their  Head  in  this  ftreet. (R)  Trrre’c.^'  233  Chantries  Dodj.s. nd  Torre,  lights,  to  give  direction  to  the  weary  travellers,  and  to m)  Tk  r  Teg,J  T°  F°ntan;n<3-  ,  market  people,  that  came  from  the  northern  parts  to  Lon- (  7  I  he  lame  was  done  by  a  lanthorn  on  the  top  of  Jon.  B.iAorJ's letter  to  Hearn,  coll,  v  1 sSote-Jteeple,  before  the  fire  of  London  ■  for  burn  in  ~  of The F {; s *94  /^HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. Wai.m-  The  church. is  an  antient  redtory,  belonging,  before  the  con qu eft,  to  the  prior  and  con- CATB  WARD.ventof  J)ur}Janu  |n  t}ie  book  o i' Dotnefday,  it  is  faid,  habet  epifcopus  Dunelmenfis,  ex  dono regis ,  ecclefiam  omnium  fanftorum,  et  quae  ad  earn -pertinent  in  Ebor.  In  continued  in  the  patro¬ nage  of  the  aforefaid  convent  to  the  Reformation  when  it  came  to  the  crown. Value  in  the  king’s  books.  Firft  fruits  —  —  . Tenths  —  _ Procurations  —  — /.  s.  d. °3  13  °4 00  07  04 00  06  08 (p)  A  CATALOGUE  of  the  RECTORS  of  the  church  of  ALL-SAINTS  in  the Pavement. Amplefordb  chantry. (q)  Robert  de  Ampleford  citi¬ zen  of  York  having  obtained  the king’s  licence  to  authorize,  &c. afligned  one  mefluage  in  the  ci¬ ty  of  York  to  the  dean  and  chap¬ ter  of  the  cathedral  church,  for to  find  a  perpetual  chaplain  dai¬ ly  to  celebrate  divine  fervices  in this  church  of  All-faints  in  Oufe- gate ,  alias  Pavement,  for  his  foul and  the  foul  of  Margaret  his wife,  &c.  Whereupon  Alexan¬ der  archbilhop  of  York ,  ordained that  the  faid  dean  and  chapter /hall  pay  yearly  five  pound  thir¬ teen  /hillings  and  four  pence  ; quarterly  to  fuch  chaplain  and his  fuccefiors,  &c.  celebrating, &c.  T he  prefentation  to  belong to  the  faid  Robert  for  life,  and after  to  the  dean  and  chapter  •,  to prefent  within  a  month  of  notice of  a  vacancy,  (r)  Dated  Jan. 24,  1378.  /.  s.  d. Valet  de  claro  04  17  10  ^ Befides  an  obit  of  five  lhillings. Acafterb  chantry. (s)  There  was  another  chan¬ try  founded  in  this  church  by Ifolda  Ac  after,  at  the  altar  of St.  Thomas  the  martyr,  for  the foul  of  John  de  Acafter  her  huf- band,  &c.  Foundation  deed dated  penult,  die  Ap.  13  86. Valet  de  claro  04  19  10 (t)  The  chantry  at  the  altars  of  St.  John  baptift  and  St.  Katherine ,  in  this  church,  was founded  by  William  Pomfreit,  and  other  parifhioners,  July  8,  14S5,  to  pray, /.  j.  d. Valet  de  claro  -  - -  02  06  02 Temp. inftit.  Restores  eccl. Anno 1238  Gilb.  de  Barton,  cler. 1281  Petrus  de  Kel law,  fubd. 1283  Alan,  de  Birland,  prefb. 1301  Tho.  Gonwer,  prefb. 1 3  3  7  Joh.  de  Pykerings,  cap. 1 344  Hen.  de  Rayton,  cap. Joh.  de  Lunde,  prefb. 1406  Joh.  Southe,  cap. Joh.  Wightman,  cap. 1408  Tho.  Crakaa. 1409  Joh.  Wyles,  prefb. 1420  Joh.  Bolton,  prefb. 1424  Will.  Bramley,  prefb. 1430  Joh.  Wendefly,  cler. Will.  Neftingwych. 1453  Ed.  Mynfkyp,  prefb. 1466  Joh.  Topliff,  L.  B.  arch, cap. 1489  Will.  D.  G.  epif.  Dro- morenfis,  viz.  Will. Egremond. 1502  Phil.  Metcalf,  dec.  doc. 1 509  Georg.Richardfon,pr<?/£. Georg.  Wilfon,  cler. 1544  Rob.  Craggs,  cler. 1554  Will.  Pecock,  cler. 1 576  Joh.  Hunter,  cler. 1594  Will.  Storre,  cler. 1606  Will.  Coxen,  cler. 1 63 1  Hen.  Ayfcough,  cl.  M.A. 1662  JofhuaStopford,  cl. 1675  Chrift.  Jackfon,  cler. Patroni. Vacat. Prior ,  etconv. Dun. Iidem. lidem. Iidem. per  refig. Iidem. per  reftg. Iidem.  . Iidem. per  mart. Iidetn. Iidem. per  refig. Iidem. per  reftg. Iidem . per  rejig. Iidem. per  rejig. Iidem. per  rejig. Iidetn. Iidem. per  reftg. Iidem. per  reftg. Iidetn. ■per  reftg. Iidetn. per  mort. Iidetn. fer  reftg. Iidetn. per  refig. Iidem. per  mort. Hen.VIII.m-. depriv. Maria  regin. per  mort. Eliz.  regin. Eadem. per  ceffton. Jac.  rex. per  mort. Car.  I.  rex. per  mort. Car.  II.  rex. per  mort. Idem. ( u )  Bel  ton*  s  chantry. 4  Julii  anno  1347. Henry  de  Belton  late  citizen  of  York ,  having  at  his  own  proper  coft  built  a  chantry  at  the eaft  end  of  the  church  of  All-faints  in  Oufe-gate ,  fettled  thereupon  certain  houfes,  again  ft the  church,  of  the  yearly  value  of  eight  marks  of  filver  and  upwards,  for  the  finding  of  one chaplain  perpetually  to  celebrate  divine  fervice  at  the  altar  of  St.  Mary  the  virgin,  for  the fouls  of  the  faid  Henry  and  Margaret  his  wife,  of  his  father  and  mother,  and  fir  Thomas de  Cawoode ,  &c.  Valor  incert. Torre/.  183. (q)  Uem.  f.  184. (r)  Dodf.  coll. .<)  hum  et  Torre.  I  find  this  chantry  was  aug¬ mented  by  fir  John  Galliot  knight  of  the  bath.  City’s records,  drawer  numb.  5. (t)  Dodf.  and  Torre. (h)  Torre,  pat.  31  Ed.  III.  p.  i.m.  1. There Chap.  VII.  of  M  CITY  of  YORK. (x)  There  was  another  chantry  founded  in  this  church  ar  the  altar  of  Sr.  May'  the  vir-tv.r  a- gin,  for  the  fouls  of  Thomas  de  Alverthorp ,  Robert  Haget,  Elene  his  wife,  :  .  i  akrct'T'-  ' 1 insert. (y)  Bolingbrokcht  chantry. Founded  in  this  church  by  Stephen  Bolingbroke,  and  other  parilhioners  to  pray,  &c. 1.  s.  d. Valet  de  claro  - -  — •  —  —  03  1 8  03 Goods  - -  ■ -  • — ■ —  00  17  or  A Plate  -  • - > —  ■ -  or  15  00 Monumental  INSCRIPTIONS  from  Mr.  Dodfworth,  Torre,  &c. ►J<  {lie  jacent  Eljomas  Beberlcs  quondam  major  ittius  cibitatis  ac  mcrratoi  tfapulc  bille  Beverley calcs,  qui  obitt  unbecimo  otc  incnlis  3ugutti  anno  SDom.  S^tECiitCJirrr.  ct  SDomina  'tSo- Slicia  tiro?  rjns,  quc  quibent  alias  obiit  otc  mcnf. . quotum animates  pjopitictra:  JBcus,  3mcu.  '4°°' Hie  jacet  Robertus  Brooke  civic  et  aldermannus  civilalis  Eborum,  bis  qui  major  alum  civitcitis  Brooke  i  799.- cum  laude  geffit.  Et  Johanna  vel  Jana  uxor  ejus ,  infimul  3  7  circiter  annos  vixerunt ,  vir  et  Lord-mayor femina  horn,  uxor  et  maritus  optimi liberos  babuerunt  fexdecim ,  undecim  reliquerunt ;  non  malt 1  1 595- ut  liberi  nunc  J, unt ,  omues  forfitan  bonos die  aetalis  fuae  68  f deliter  expiravit  anno  Dom. 1 599,  ilia  aclatis  fuae  .  .  . Reader  live  well ,  mourn  nod  thy  fins  too  late , There  is  no  way  to  heaven  but  through  this  gate. ►p  &jatc  pfa  anima  3o&annts  ©plltot  grammatife  magtffri,  olirn  parfonc  in  ccclelia  cohGyJiot  14S4. Icgtata  fantti  Joljanms  JScbctlaci  l;ic  jaccntis  qui  obitt  tip  tic  mends  Julii  anno  £>om. 3?  ©cc©  XLFTF3333  cujus  ammo  pjopitietuc  SDcus. tpic  jacct  Jojjamtcs  ©rathoin  atmiger  qui  obiit  ri  the  mends  SPartii  anno  SDom.  craWri Sip  CCCC  ilitjai,  cujus  amine,  jr.  ’  >404- ►p  SDsatc  p?o  animabus  JTljome  @>anton  quondam  msjorts  Imjus  cibitatis,  ct  locatricis  ctSllfn Joljannc  uroj.  ejus,  qutbus  animabus  pjopitietuc  JDcus.  amen. Mary  and  Margery  loved  like  Martha  and  Mary,  they  were  religious  and  virtuous  mothers  qfxlew  1 6  o many  children ,  daughters  to  Andrew  Trew  alderman ,  fometyme  mayor  of  this  cilty ,  both  of  ° them  married  in  one  fummer  in  this  grave  an.  Dom.  1600.  actat.  37,  36.  They  are  not  dead but  feep. fp  State  pjo  anima  tEfjomc  ©arc  quondam  ma/ojis  ttttus  ctbifatis,  ct  batljcrmc  npojiSGare  144- fuac,  obitt  bero  pjedtetus  JEfjomas  an.  g>om.  spc©CC***i6®.  qnibus  ammabnspiop.e"^-™-/.!' SDcus.  3ntcu.  ‘  J434. IJic  jacct  aojjamtcs  Sdfjojutou  nuper  braper  Cbboj.  ct  Safljcrina  uro;  c/us  j'npta  fepulcjimm  Thornton JKltllielmi  JOontfrartc  focti  comm  tumulati.  b«)*/i38;. Iptr  facet  3otianncs  Jfctibp  btna  bice  maj'o?  (jujus  cibitatis,  qui  in  officio  majojis  beccfltf  F tb  mends  spati  amto  gDomini  milledmo  quabungentedmo  LVl  l  V  p.iinio  ct  spillicentcor/ L?’' utoj  ejus  que  obiit  oitabo  Die  mends  jpobcmbjts  an-  3Dom.  Spillcflimo  CCCCJtiE-S,  quo<  147s,  1491. jum  animabus  pjopitietuc  E>cus,  3mcit. |?crc  Ivctlj  tljc  booic  of  one  Cblijabctlj  late  brief  of  Wiliam  JFeitap,  ano  Daughter  of  spr.Fcnay  160S. JFrauris  IBuintp  parfon  of  Kiton  anb  pjcbcnbarp  of  Dutljam.  ffitilljo  in  Ijcc  life  time libcb  to  tljc  lojb,  and  in  Ijcc  bcatlj  bpcb  in  tljc  lojd  tljc  tpb  bap  of  3p?il,  an.  1608. (z)  Siuob  jacet  Ijic  ttratum  tub  fapo  coipus  Ijumatum, Clertitur  in  rinctcs  quob  fuit  ante  cibts.  p>]!ot  I+s+ ipmc  rccolas  qui  latibc  bales  ct  cojpojc  florcs, Ct  quob  cris  faptens  bids  ct  egra  lues, aurumquio  mojtis  balcat  binclis  refolutis, pcrpcuDat  quibis  bit  pucr  ct  jubcuis. JFama  perre'ebjis  Gvliot  fmt  itfe  Johannss, JiBis  majojatus  gctfit  fjonojis  onus, ipic  populum  tfubmt  plariba  pcrfunbcrc  pace, Elrbis  quad  murus  ribtbus  alter  crat. ttenerabilis  bit  itre  bicefimo  quarto  Die  mends  fept.  bcceffit  3.  &.  SpiEiTC©  £36*6331 cujus  asumc  pjopitietuc  £>cus.  3mcu. ( x)  Torre.  Of  five  marks  rent  granted  by  the  exe- tutors  of  Tho.  Alwcrtborp.  Fat.  an.  4  Ed .  II.  pars  1 . m. 4 . fir  T.  W. (y)  Doilf.  and  Tone. 4 (t)  This  remarkable  epitaph  was  thus  legible  in  Mr. Dodfworth  s  time  ■,  Mr.  Torn  gives  fomc  fragments  of  it, but  It  is  now  alftioft  wholly  obliterated. tie Book  I. Walm- CATE  w ARd Ac;,  tier  1375 Lord- mayor 1361,  1362, 1 364,  >379- Bridefal. Welles. Bromflete >45.8- Sheriff  1458. Ampilford. Bayl'tff  1  360. Todd.  Lonl- mv/or  1487. Fenwick 1421. Harwood 1615 AifcoUgh 1638- 77v  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES l9ic  Doarnit  Cecum  cljata  fua  fponfa  Johanna Quc  piolcs  quinas  piotultt  crrc  fibi. i^omina  fu nt  ljo;um  Blotjanncs,  3lcs,  ct  0gncs, Hatijcrina,  2otjanita. jacct  Johannes  dc  Scatter  quonDam  majo;  <£bo:um  qui  obitt  #.  2D.  $CCC1L££3|$ in  Die  fanrti  Bricii,  ct  3:foIoa  ux,  .  qnc  obitt  Die  -  XI.  2D.  SBCCC  . quorum  animabus  p^opitietur  2Dcus.  #meu. ARMS.  On  a  chevron  three  acorns  fa). ^atc  pjo  anima  Hgnctis  Dc  Braumflefe. ►P  l?tc  jacet  itcbcetus  BriDcfale  et  Spatiloa  uro*  e/us  quilibet  o;aits  p*o  cis  tjabebit  2D.  ©. &  fixate  pjo  anima  KtearDi  WfttUca  quonDam  cljanDciac  (£bo:.  ct  abtcic  tit.  cjus  ac  libero* rum  eo^unDcm. *  3D;ate  p?c  anima  SCfjome  Bromflete  quonDam  bicecomitis  cibitatis  <£bo;um,  ac  Slitie ttro:is  fuc  qui  qiiioem  Syomas  obitt  bii  Die  mentis  2Ditob:is  3-  2D.  SpCCCC  115331313! quorum  antmarum,  <jc.  intern J?c  fis  mgpatus,  ffa,  lege,  funtic  pieeatus tat  fim  muitDatus,  p:ecibus  rogo  terge  rcatus, CreDitur  tnCatta  mens  Jjic  euptens  flbi  bana tHota  tjinc  cmana,  p?o  me  pjecc  quotioiana, tmaita  pefunt  bants  ....  calltoa  cants, £>icquc  coaD/utans  botis  ego  qnotiDiams. £>tc  pater  ut  baleaitf  .  .  bomtate  recrefcant, Elector  ct  ut  mancant  celts  Die  abc  ut  requiefeant. ►P  ^)ic  jacct  Kobcrtus  dc  0mptIfoiD  quonDam  eibis  Obo i.  zt  ^agDalena  upo;  e/us  quorum anime  in  pace  requiefeant. ►P  £D;afc  p2o  animabus  Milliclmi  Slodo  quonDam  bie.  tyijus  cibitatis  zt  0gncfis  up.  fug ui  quiDcm  Milliclmus  obiit  ...  Die  ...  .  <3. 2D.  $pCCCC  .  .  . et.Diet.  agues  obiit  utt.  Die  flugntti  3.  ^  CCCC  quorum  animabus,  <jc, £tmcn» l)ie  jaecnt  SBSfiUielmus  JfenbJicb  etbis  Cboj.  ct  99argarctta  upoj  cjus  qui  obterunt  Dicbus prb  ct  rrbi  mentis  £>cptemb<ns  2D.  Sipoc&€ An  epitaph  upon  the  death  of  Mr.  Richard  Harwood  a  reverend  preacher,  who  deceafed 28  Mar.  1615. Conception  of  our  Sa  viour  was  the  day 'Took  Harwood  unto  heaven  from  earth  away. Chrift  in  man's  fieffs,  and  Harwood  in  Chrift's  glory, Have  made  me  write  this  epicedial  Jtory. Noah*J faithfulnefs ,  Abraham^  obedience , Phineas’j-  firong  zeal ,  Job’j  prais'd  innocence. St.  Jerome’s  love ,  Chrifottome’j  diligence , Augutline’s  labour  and  experience. Lye  buried  with  Harwood  in  this  tomb. And  fhall  rejl  with  him  to  the  day  of  dombe. Let  the  world  ceafe  lament ,  0  glorious  gaines , The  earth  his  corps  yet  heaven  his  foul  contaynes. Mortalis  cum  fis  nc  irriferis  mortuum. Aetatem  quae  fuperavit  ingenio  ingenium  indole ,  el  pietate  quae  tenella  adhuc  matron  ah  a deo  emicitil  prudentia ,  et  gravitate  ut  a  fenibus  fenem  crederes  natam,  rr  «  Elizabeths Aifcough  (indig  niff  mi  ijlius  eccleftac  parochi )  filia  facet  hie  beat  am  .■Ians  refurrefilionem animulae  meae  in  choro  -nnKie^ivuv  laetabundae  tandem  tibi  corpus  languoribus  abfumptum gloriofum  reddetur  atque  immortale  .  .  Quoufque  Bom.  Jefu. Febre  petechiali  correpta  occubuit  tertio  Martii  m  dcxxxviii.  cum  jam  primam  aetatis  fuae pene  expleviffet  feptimana. S  alula  left  or,  et,  laft  antis  exemplo , Bifce  numen  venerari  maturius. More  modern  epitaphs  are  not  remarkable.  There  be  two  atchievements  one  for  Mr. Thomas  Teafman  gent,  who  died  1689,  the  other  for  Mr.  Chriflopher  Birbeck,  a  very  eminent furgeon  in  this  city,  and  the  author’s  inftruftor  in  that  art  j  who  died  and  was  buried  in  this (a)  Mr.  Torre  calls  them  covered  cups,  but  they  are  more  probably  acornt  from  the  rebus. church. Chap. VII,  of  the  CITY  e/-  YORK. 19? church,  anno  1717.  An  infcription  againft  a  pillar  for  Emanuel  JuJlice  efquire*  fometimeWALM-CATE lord-mayor,-  who  died  1717.  Another  for  Mr.  Thomlinfon  an.  1709.  ward. ARMS  in  the  windows ,  &c.  1684. In  the  window  at  the  fteeple  end. Impaled,  1.  Gules,  on  a  bend  argent ,  three  birds  fable .  2.  Out. Cut  at  the  head  of  a  (tall,  north  choir, Percy  with  his  quarterings. On  two  wooden  knots  under  the  roof  in  the  nave. Azure  a  chevron  fable  inter  three  bulls  heads  gabofhed  gules. Azure ,  a  chevron  inter  three  mullets  pierced  in  chief  and  an  annulet  in  bafe  fable. York  city. Old  York  fee. Merchants  of  the  ftaple. The  parifh  church  dedicated  to  St.  Crux,  or  Holy-Cr oj. i,  called  vulgarly  Croulfrtfjurcfj,^  Crux comes  next  in  our  way.  It  is  fituated  at  the  foot  of  the  Shambles  or  Butcher-row ,  and  has  a  r  L" handfome  new  fteeple  of  brick  coined  with  ftone.  The  foundation  of  this  fteeple  was  laid April  1,  1697,  and  finiftied  at  the  charge  of  the  parifti,  with  fome  other  contributions, amongft  which  our  late  excellent  archbilhop  Sharp ,  according  to  his  wonted  benevolence, bore  a  handfome  part. ( b )  The  church  of  St.  Crux  was  given  by  Nigell  Foffard ,  lord  of  Doncajler,  to  the  abbey ot  St.  Mary* s  York  -,  and  payed  the  annual  penfion  of  twenty  fhillings  to  that  religious houfe. September  6,  anno  1424,  a  commiflion  was  directed  to  William,  bifhop  of  JDromore ,  to  de¬ dicate  this  parifh  church  fo  that  the  prefent  ftrufture  feems  to  be  of  that  age. The  recftory  of  St.  Crux  is  thus  valued  in  the  king’s  books  l.  s.  d. Firft  fruits  -  -  -  —  07  06  08 Tenths  - -  - -  -  00  13  08 Procurations  -  -  -  —  00  06  08 Subsidies  — — - -  - -  --  ■  —  00  12  00 Temp, in  flit. Anno 1275 1301 *3*7 1326 1349 1350 1352 A  CATALOGUE  of  the  RECTORS  of  St.  CRUX. Nayron’j  chantry  in  this  church. Restores. Robertus  de  Graunt. Rob.  de  Ufegat,  prefh. Joh.  de  Pykeryngs,  fubd. Tho.  de  Efcryg,  prefb. Will,  de  Pykeryngs. Joh.  Cookyngs,  prefb. Nicol.  de  Markfeld,  cl. Walt,  de  Bridlington,  c. Walt.de  Heddon,  cap. Rob.  Wycliff,  cap. 1379  J°-  de  Clone,  prefb. Rob.  de  Ede,  prefb. 1394  Tho.  Tefdale,  cler. 1420  Ric.  Arnale,  prefb. 1429  Ric.  Tone,  decret.doc. 1432  Rad.  Louth,  prefb. Pet.  de  Fryfton,  prefb. 1449  WIR  Middleton,  cler. 1452  Tho.  Bendy,  cler. 1489  Joh.  Curwen,  cl.  M.A. 1489  Chrift.  Panel,  dec.  B. 15 1 6  Will.  Marten,  prefb. 1540  Dionis  Hickilton,  prefb. 1 579  Edward  Bowling,  cler. 1584  Will.  Cockfon,  cler. 1 594  Thomas  Word,  cler. 1599  Hen.  Hayle,  cler. 1603  Will.Thompfon,r/.ikf.^. 1 66 1  Matthew  Biggs,  cler. 1 67 1  Chrift.  Jackfon,  cl.  M.A. Patroni. Vac  at. Abbas  et  conv. beat.  Mar.  Eb. Iidem. Iidem. per  re  fig. Iidem. Iidem. per  refig. Iidem. per  refig. Iidem. per  refig. Iidem. Iidem. per  refig. Iidem. Iidem. per  mort. Iidem. per  mort. Iidem. per  refig. Iidem. per  refig . Iidem . Iidem. Iidem. per  mort. Iidem. per  mort. Iidem. per  reftg. Iidem. per  mort. Iidem. per  mort. Hen.VIII.7w, per  mort. Eliz.  regina. per  refig. Eadem. per  refig. Eadem . per  refig. Eadem. Jac.  rex. per  mort. Car.  II.  rex. per  refig. Idem . (c)  Founded  by  Adam  de  Nay - ron  who  left  by  his  will  certain tenements  for  the  maintenance  of a  prieft  perpetually  to  celebrate for  his  foul,  &c.  at  the  altar  of St.  Mary  the  virgin.  The  pa¬ tronage  in  the  mayor  and  com¬ monality  of  York.  1.  s.  d. Yearly  value  01  19  00 Meek*;  chantry. (d)  Founded  in  this  church anno  1 322,  by  Robert  Meek  may¬ or  of  the  city,  anno  1310,  to pray,  &c.  at  the  altar  of  St. Mary  the  virgin.  marks. Annual  rent  6 Bearden* s  chantry. (e)  Founded  in  this  church  of St.  Crux  at  the  altar  of  our  lady , and  St.  Thomas  the  martyr ,  for the  fouls  of  John  Bearden ,  &c. /.  s.  d. V alet  de  claro  01  1 9  04 This  belonged  to  the  patro¬ nage  of  the  Gafcoigns  of  Gaw- thorpe  knights  i  and  was  found¬ ed  the  tenth  of  Henry  IV. [b)  MS.  Torre/.  189. (0  MS.  Tom  and  Dotlf. {d)  Iidem pat.  ioEd.II./-.  1.  m.  24.  fir  T.  IV. (  e )  Torre  and  Dodfworth. 4  G Durant’; Book  I. 198 WaLM-GATE ward. Robmfon 1U06. Watrcr  1612. Lor.l-m.iyor >59i.  >6j3- Lightclampe >4  «?• .vWif  1471- L  von. Wrangwys. Lord-mayor 1476,  1484. Shaw  1537. 1421. Grccnfcld 1487. I.ainbc  14S4. Lord-mayor *475- Afkv/uh  1  597 Lord-mayor. 158o»  >593- Boulington 1408. Wcrbert  1681. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES Duran  t*j  chantry. (f)  Founded  in  the  church  of  Holy  Crofs  by  Thomas  Durant,  citizen  and  merchant  at  the altar  of  our  Lady  and  All-faints,  to  pray,  &c.  1.  s.  d. Yearly  value  —  —  —  —  —  03  08  00 Another  founded  here  by  Thomas  Durant  jun.  dedicated  to  St.  John  baptift.  1.  s.  d. Value  —  —  —  —  —  —  01  06  11 Monument  al  INS  CRIPT  IONS  which  are,  or  were,  in  tlois  church  from,  Dodfworth, Torre,  (Ac. Here  lieth  eitfombed  Elizabeth  Robinfon  wief  to  John  Robinfon  feconde  fin  to  William  Ro- binfon  the  younger  of  this  citty  marchante,  who  departed  this  lief  the  8  of  Aug.  1 606. Againft  the  wall,  fouth  of  the  altar,  is  a  tomb  with  the  effigies  of  a  man,  his  wife  and three  children  proftrate, ARMS  on  the  top.  Argent  on  a  chevron  ingrailed  inter  three  chefs  rooks  fable,  as many  crefcents  or. Here  lyeth  the  true  portraitures  of  fir  Robert  Watter  knight,  alderman  and  twice  lord-mayor  of this  city.  A  father  to  the  poore ,  a  friend  to  the  comynalty  of  this  citty,  and  a  good  bene¬ factor  to  this  church ,  who  dyed  May  12,  1612.  And  of  his  wief  Margarett  deceafed March  30,  1608.  And  of  their  three  children. Labor  with  faith  in  tyme,  ufng  jujlice  well. Through  mercy  get ts  fame,  in  peace  and  reft  to  dwell. >F  £D:ate  p:o  anima  3Joljaimts  iLigljtclcmipc  mere.  quonDam  bicecomitis  iftius  cibitatis  qu. obiit  no.  .  .  Die  mends  jjiobcmb.as  anno  Domini  spCCCC  cujus,  $c, <a>ubjacet  fjoc  lapiDe  Ileo  Millietmus  bocitatus ©t  carnts  putriDc  manfura  mo.:te  citatus Slut  legit  her  p*o  me  pater  .  fupplica  p:o  me, ©t  jungantuc  abc,  £>eus  ut  me  libcrct  abi. £)crc  liggs  Syomas  SiHtrangteps  ano  3lifon  his  iuief,  ano  0lifon  ^arangtrp  he*  Daughter &>f  luhofc  foulcs  3cfu  ha^e  merej?. ►F  Uic  raccnt  Johannes  s>hafo  oltm  majo:  cibitatis  ©bo:,  ct  £gncs  uro:  ejus ;  qut  Johannes obiit  DuoDecimo  Die  Jfcb^uartt,  0.  je3,  millctimo  qumgentcfimo  tctccftmo  feptuno. ►F  £D;atc  p:o  anima  ©lettc  nupcc  up.  ^ofjamtts  EEHtapthcn  mcrcato:is,  que  obiit  pb  tfprilis 2E>.  £p©C©©£=t3?,  cujus,  $r. *F  2D:afc  p:o  animnbus  ....  3ohannis  <0reenfelD  pjcfbptcri  paroehialis  iGius  cc* elette  ct . Dcm  jDom.  BTohannes  obtif  pbiii  Die  mentis  Junu 2.  S'.  ^©e©©  &£££ii;i33!,  quorum  attimabus  p:op.  ?c. >F  "^ic  jaert  CcliUielmus  Lambc  quonoam  majo:  ititus  cibitatis,  qut  obiit  nip  Die  mentis Kunti  £.£>.  cujus,  fc. Here  lyeth  the  body  o/'Robert  Afkwith  late  alderman  and  twice  lord-mayor  of  this  citty,  borne  at Potgrange,  who  dyed  the  lxvii  yere  of  his  age,  and  on  the  xviii  day  of  Auguft,  1597,  leaving behind  him  four  Jons  and  two  daughters,  viz.  Robert,  Elizabeth,  Katherine,  Thomas, George  and  Philip.  Being  in  his  life  tyme  for  good  hofpitality,  and  other  laudable  parte,  a credit  and  ornament  to  this  citty. fpic  jacct  Bonnes  ISctolington,  qut  obiit  pii  Die  spartti  £1.  £>.  mtllcftmo  quaDjingentetimo octagctimo,  cujus,  $c. Impaling  three  coats,  1.  Argent  and  fable  entre  two  mullets  in  chief  and  crefccnt  in bafe  all  counterchanged.  Alexander.  2.  Par  pale  barry  and  gules,  three  lions  ram¬ pant  argent.  Herbert.  3.  Azure,  three  gryphons  heads  crazed  or.  Guttler. Under  thefe  arms, Pofteritati  facrum. Heic  fttae  funt  reliquiae  Thomae  Herbert,  e  nobili  et  antiqua  Herbertorum  dc  Colcbrook  in  agro Monumethenfi  fdmilia  oriundi.  Cut  ineunte  aetate ,  tarn  intenjus peregrinandi  fail  ardor,  ut itineris  fui  in  celebriores  Africae,  Afiae-majoris  partes,  praecipue:  Perfiae,  orientalis  Indiae, infularumque  adjacentium,  an.  Dom.  m  dc  xxvi ,fufcepit.  Obfervationes  feleclijj.  mas  in  lucem edidil ,  quas  matura  aetate  perpolivit.  Qui  per  totum  vitae  dimenfum,  ob  rnorum  elegantiam, vitaeque  probitatem  perfpicuus,  hiftoriarum  et  penitioris  antiquitatis  indagator  fedulus.  Queis in  accurata  gentis  Hibernianae  hiftoria,  ex  arebivis  r'egiis,  authenticis  cartis,  aliifque  indubita- lis  antiquitatis  monumenlis  manu  propria  exaratis,  et  armorum,  fgitlorum,  et  tumulorum (/)  Dot!/,  the  originals  of  both  in  the  council- chamber,  drawer  4. eClypis, Chap. VII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  199 rilypis,  graphic/  delineatis ,  [penmen  eximium  perhibuit.  Sereniffim  regi  Carolo  Martyri,  Wu«-o.,ti per  b'mos  et  ultimas  vitae  triftiffimae  annos ,  ab  intimis  cubiculis,  fervus  ex/litit  fidelis ;  rerum-  "'a  r  d. qne  dibit  regis ,  infefta  filitudine,  geftantm  commenlariola  contexuit,  exinie  per  illujlrijjimum nunc  regem  Carolum  II.  in  gradum  bannetti  merilo  eveblus  ejt.  L.uciam  filiam  Gualteri Alexander  equitis  aurati  in  uxorem  primam  duxit,  quae falis  ceJJit  A.  D.  mdclxxi.  Exhac Philippum,  Henricum,  patent  honoris  haeredem  fuperjlitem ,  Montgomerum,  Thomam, Gulielmum,  ap.  Thomam,  filiafque  qualuor  fufeepit  Terefiam,  Alexandro  Bradfieid  de Plan  dap  in  agro  Buck,  miptam ,  Elizabetham,  Roberto  Phaire  de  Roftblon  in  Hibernia, l.uciam  imprimis  Johanni  de  Clapham  in  com.  Surry,  deinde  Gulielmo  Herbert  de  Caldecut in  agro  Monumethenft;  et  Annam  provebliori  aetale  defunSam.  Pojlea  cum  Elizabetha filia  Gervufii  Cutler  be  Stainburgh  in  com.  Ebor.  equitis  aurati  modo  fuperjlitem,  fecundas  ini- vitnuptias ,  ex  qua  Elizabetham  trimefirem  Feb.  xxi,  A.  D.  m  dclxxiii.  entitl'd  am  genuit . “Tam  Celebris  et  chartjfimi  mariti  moeflijftma  vidua ,  ut  amoris  fui,  et  virtutum  tam  infignis  viri longaevum  praeberet  teftimonium, Hocce  monumentum.  llm.  pofuit. Ab  hac  luce pientijjime  emigravit  i  die  Martii  A.  D.  m  dclxxxi.  Aetat.fuae.  txxvi. ARMS,  quartering  nine  coats,  i.  Par  pale  azure  and  gules,  three  lions  rampant argent,  crefcent  for  difference,  within  a  border  gobony  or  and  gules.  Herbert.  2.  Gules, two  bends  or  and  argent.  3.  Gules,  a  fels  of  five  lozenges  or.  4.  Argent,  on  a  crofs gules,  five  mullets  or.  5.  Ermine,  abend  gules.  6 . 7.  Argent, a  lion  rampant  fable.  8.  Argent,  three  crefcents  gules,  g.  ...  . An  epitaph  upon  the  wor/hipful  Thomas  Herbert  efquire  late  lord-mayor  of  this  city,  defcendedHeAcn'(,'b- from  the  mojl  anlient  and  worthy  family  of  the  Plerberts  of  Colebrook  in  Monmouthlbire, he  died  April  14,  1614. See  here  earth  turned  to  earth  .... IVho  ’ ere  beholds  this  wofull  monument. He  ’  s  here  interred  whom  worth ,  fame ,  love, Might  have  preferved  ifftern  death  would  relent  -, But  he  gave  place  to  fates  imperious  doom, God  takes  the  beft  whilfi  worfe  fupply  their  room. It  feems  this  city  bore  him  for  herfelf, Ejpotfng  him  to  be  her  turtle  dove. For  he  for  her  forgot  friends,  health  and  pelf -, York  more  he  loved  then  he  himfelf  did  love. And  now  the  widowed  city  for  her  dove, W ntes  thefe  fad  verfes  on  his  mourning  .  .  . He  that  fuflained  me  in  my  grealeft  need , When  waftful  plague  my  people  did  devour. And  at  the  beft  like  fearful  fheep  did  feed, IFhere  'ere  they  might  their  [cattered  troops  fecure-. He  that  kept  watch  when  Jhepherds  were  afteep. He  that  kept  me,  his  mother,  earth  doth  keep. He  whofe  white  hand  would  touch  710  filthy  bribe. Nor  makegood  laws  the  fword  of  private  ire. He  that  adorned  the  honour  of  his  tribe. He  whom  I  graced  as  I  did  his  fire  ; He  that  did  feed  the  poor,  the  rich  advife, Balmed  in  my  tears,  fpiced  in  my  love  here  lyes. And  yet  he  lyes  not  here,  his  belter  part Is  firin' d  above,  his  fame  lives  in  the  mouth Of  worthy’ JI  men,  his  love  fiines  in  their  heart. His  abts  examples  are  for  fpringing  youth. His  death ,  oh  ftay !  that  words’  a  living  death. He  died  but  once ,  that  once ,  jlill  flops  his  breath. How  foolifi  are  thofe  painters  which  devife The  piblure  of  pale  death  without  his  eyes ; Death  is  not  blind,  but  eagle-eyed  doth fpy The  brighteft  ft ar  that  moved  in  our  Jky. His  direful  arrows  never  fly  at  rove. But  hit  the  choiceft  plants  in  all  our  grove ; Thus  gratious  Herbert  falls,  with  whom  doth  lye Entomb'd,  religion,  wtfdom,  gravity. Three  things  which  in  one  man  we  feldom  fee Were  joined  in  him,  wit,  wealth  and  honefty  ; On  glory  vain,  or  bafe  pelf  he  never  flood. But  left  his  eafe  to  do  his  city  good. In Book  I. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES In  arts ,  arms,  numbers ,  curious  was  bis  wilt , Our  genius  cannot  reach  the  height  of  it. No  marvel  then  if  York,  fill  to  be  juft , Having  nought  left  of  him  but  facred  duft , With  floods  of  tears  wafh  o' re  his  facred  hearfe , And  on  his  tombe  ingrave  this  mournful  verfe , Long  and  much  honour'd  Herbert  here  doth  fieep, Mufe  fay  no  more , - the  reader  needs  mufl  weep. Abiit  non  obiit. York  had  my  birth ,  from  Brittans,  comes  my  race , The  Netherlands  and  France  my  youth  did  guide. The  citye's  rule  I  took  at  th'  heavieft  cafe. Two  wives  five  children  my  dear  love  have  try'd , Baptized  here,  here  laid  with  fire  and  wife. With  brothers ,  parents,  I  expeEl  a  life. Herbert  1 6 1 1 .  Here  under  expelling  a  glorious  refurreElion  are  buried  the  bodys  of  Chriftopher  Herbert  <? [quire, Lnrf-f--\ or  eldefl  Jon  to  fir  Richard  Herbert  of  Colebrooke  in  Wales,  which  faid  Chriftopher  Herbert, was  lord-mayor  of  this  city ,  and  died  1 6 1 1  ■,  and  with  him  his  beloved  lady  Elizabeth  daugh¬ ter  of  Mr.  Hemfworth,  who  died  anno  1613.  And  with  them  their  fon  Thomas  Herbert efquire  late  lord- mayor  of  this  city,  he  died  April  14,  1614.  And  by  him  are  entombed  his  two virtuous  wives,  Mary  daughter  of  Thomas  Harriion  efquire,  who  died  Auguft  1604.  And alfo  Alice  daughter  of  Peter  Newarke  efquire,  fhe  died  1627.  As  alfo  John  and  Richard Herbert^/,  brothers  of  the  faid  Thomas  are  here  buried.  Chriftopher  Herbert  efquire eldeft  fon  of  Thomas,  who  died  May  3,  1626,  with  Henry,  William  and  Thomas,  his brethren ,  and  Jane  and  Elizabeth  bis  two  children  infants  •,  which  faid  Chriftopher  has  iffue by  Jane,  daughter  of  Mr.  Heroyd  of  Folkerthorpe  gent.  Thomas  Herbert  tfquire  and Alice  now  living  (g). Hcibcrt  1667.  Near  this  is  buried  Henry  the  fon  of  Henry  Herbert  efquire,  eldefl  fon  of  fir  Thomas  Her¬ bert  bart.  who  married  Anne  daughter  of  fir  Thomas  Harrifon  knight ,  and  dame  Margaret his  wife,  daughter  of  the  right  honourable  fir  Conyers  Darcy  knight ,  lord  Darcy  of  Conyers, who  died  31**  day  of  January,  A.  D.  1667.  27  days  old. Fuijfem  quafi  non  effem  \  ex  utero  tranfiatus  in  lumulum.  Job.  x.  19. Herbert  1674,  Here  under  is  interred  Elizabeth  Herbert  daughter  of  fir  Thomas  Herbert  bart.  and  of  Eliza¬ beth  his  wife,  daughter  of  fir  Gervas  Cutler  knight,  and  the  lady  Magdalene  Egerton  daugh¬ ter  of  the  right  honourable  John  earl  of  Bridgewater,  and  the  lady  Frances  Stanly  his  wife, daughter  and  coheir  of  the  right  noble  lord  Ferdinando  earl  of  Derby,  which  Elizabeth  de¬ parted  this  life  Feb.  21,  A.  D.  1674. Wyman  141 1 .  jaTratc  pjo  atttmabus  ^citrici  Mpmait  quonbam  majors  cibit  Gfcboj.  ct  0gnctis  urorttf 'Lord -mu') or  fue  fiftc  3o£amtts  Laroert,  qui  l|enrtcus  obiit  b  Die  0ug.  Z.  D.  ct  tfgnes 1407,  1408,  obiit  rni  Die  £>epf.  Z-  2D.  $9CCCC3!33i  quorum  anintabus  prop.  2Dcus. CHRISTOPHERUS  HAWLEY, Hawley  1671 .  Generofus  civis  Eboracenfis  per  50  annos  aut  eo  circiter  j elicit er  vixit ,  tandem  fept.  die  Augufti anno  falutis  1671.  devixit  •,  etfubhoc  marmoreo  monumento,  cur  a  amantifiimae  fimul  et  moeren- tifiimae  conjugis,  confiruElo  placide  quievit. Atkinfom6S2  Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Richard  Atkinfon  of  Widdington  in  the  county  of  York,  efq\  counsellor  at law,  late  member  of  the  honourable  fociety  of  Grey’s-Inn.  Who  departed  this  life,  Feb.  6, 1682 . Rawden  1 626  Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Laurence  Rawden,  late  of  this  city  alderman,  who  departed  this  life  in  the 58lb  year  of  his  age,  July  5,  1626.  Alfo  the  body  of  Margery  his  wife ,  by  whom  he  had three  fons  and  two  daughters,  Roger,  Robert,  Marmaduke,  Elizabeth  and  Mary.  She deceafed,  Apr.  17,  1644.  Alfo  the  body  of  Elizabeth  her  gr and- child,  daughter  to  fir  Roger Jaques  knight ;  who  deceafed  in  the  20th  year  of  her  age,  Oift.  20,  1651. 1  ennin^s  1 624  ^lc  Jacet  Petrus  Jennings,  A.  M.  filius  natu  minimus  Petri  Jennings  de  Selden,  obiit  40 die  Martii  1624.  aetat.  fuae  24.  cujus  memoriae  dicatur  hoc  tetrafiicon. Nomine  Petrus  erat  Petrum  jiat  undique  fide Dixeris  ufque  Deo  Petri  Petronius  (h )  ifie. Claviger  eft  coeli  Petrus,  Petronius  ergo Ingredilur  fuperas  Petro  referante  tabernas. Tackfoni7©i.  Nigh  this  place  lies  interred  the  remains  of  the  reverend  Mr.  Chriftopher  Jackfon,  A.  M.  reElor of  this  church  thirty  three  years  and  of  All -Saints  in  the  Pavement  twenty  five  and  preben- 30° ^  A  LM  G.\  fE it  •' ( g)  This  honourable  and  antient  family  of  the  Her¬ berts  of  York  is  now  extinft,  at  leaf!  dead  in  law  ;  the iaft  baronet  of  it,  lir  Harry  Herbert,  having  been  chari¬ tably  maintained  by  John  Bright  efquire  of  BnJfworth for  many  years,  at  laft  died  there.  Hi;  title,  without eftate  defending  to  another  brother  a  low  tradefman at  Kerocajlle. ( h )  Petronius  quafi  Petri  filius. i  dary Chap. VII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  SOI daryof  the  cathedral  of  St .  Peter’.!  three  i  nefciusconjugii.  In  mind  clear  and comprehenfive -,'F ai.m-catb in  Jtudy  laborious  and  improving-,  in  preaching  learned  and  edifying-,  in  opinion  orthodox  and™ 4RD' peaceable  ;  in  life  pious  and  exemplary  ;  in  converfation  pleafant  and  harmlefs ;  in  temperance J'everc  and  regular  ;  in  charity  prudent  and  extenjive ;  befides  bis  many  alls  of  private  charity , he  repaired  or  rather  rebuilt  the  parfomge  houfe-,  and  gave  jive  guineas  towards  the  re  building of  the  Jleeple  of  this  church  :  He  gave  alfo  two  hundred  pound ,  in  his  life-time,  to  the  lord- mayor  and  aldermen  of  this  city,  in  confederation  of  which  they  are  to  pay  to  two  poor  decayed tradefmen  five  pound  a  piece  yearly,  for  ever.  Obi i c  an.  fidut.  1701.  jetat.  vero  63. Hoc monumentumgratitudinis ergopofuithaec civitas.  JobnPeckit,  lord-mayor  1702. Here  are  Come  other  modern  Infcriptions,  one  on  a  copartinent  for  Rob.  Bellwood,  ferjeant at  law,  obiit  1694-,  on  Brerewood,  Bigland,  Chadierton,  Pawfon,  Nowell,  EJkrick,  Perrif,  (Ac. 1  niuft  not  omit  to  take  notice,  that  the  body  of  Henry  earl  of  Northumberland,  beheaded  in the  Pavement  anno  1572,  was  buried  in  this  church,  without  any  memorial.  An  exafl  ter¬ rier  or  juft  account  of  the  revenues,  (Ac.  of  this  reftory  of  St.  Crux ;  as  alfo  of  the  united parifhes  of  All-Saints,  Pavement,  and  St,  Peter  the  little ,  as  they  were  delivered  in  an.  1716, at  the  primary  vifitation  of  William  lord  archbifhopof  York,  by  the  late  incumbent  Mr.  No¬ ble,  are  come  into  my  hands ;  but  are  too  long  to  infert. t  1  he  church  of  St,  Crux  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  a  thorough-fare,  which  goes  from  the Shambles  into  Collier-gate  ;  on  the  fouth  by ’  Ifofler-lane,  whofe  name  is  obvious,  on  the  north  Hosier- by  Fofis-gate,  a  ftreet  chiefly  made  ufe  of  for  the  fea-filh  market,  and  leads  to  Fofs-b ridge .  LA"E- On  the  weft  fide  this  ftreet,  near  the  river,  (lands  the  Merchant' s-hall,  or  Gilda  Merca-  Foss-cate. tcrum  in  York.  It  is  a  noble  old  room,  fupported  by  two  rows  of  ftrong  oak  pillars  ;  it  hasMERCHANTs been  lately  much  beautified  and  laflied,  by  the  care  of  the  prefent  company,  and  has  in  it HALL- divers  piftures  of  feveral  eminent  merchants  of  the  city,  late  benefaflors  to  that  commu¬ nity. But  what  makes  this  place  more  remarkable  is  the  fire  of  an  ancient  hofpital,  which  was founded  here,  anno  1373,  by  John  (i)  de  Rowcliff,  dedicated  to  Chrijl  and  the  blefled  vir- Trinity ■ gm.  The  faid  John  had  letters  patents  from  king  Richardll.  dated,  at  fupra,  to  purchafeBtr,plTAI" lands  worth  ten  pound  per  ann.  for  the  fuftentation  of  a  prieft  or  matter,  and  for  the  brethren and.  lifters  of  the  fame.  The  faid  prieft  was  to  pray  for  the  faid  king,  the  founder,  and  alt chnftian  fouls;  was  to  pay  weekly  to  thirteen  poor  folks,  and  two  poor  fcholars,  conftant- Iy  refiding  in  the  hofpital  every  of  them  four  pence  of  filver.  But  by  reafon  the  founder purchafed  only  in  his  life-time  out  houfe  and  262.  rent,  and  no  other  perfon  fince  having purchafed  any  other  lands,  therefoie,  fays  my  authority,  the  governors  and  keepers  of  the myftery  of  merchants  of  the  city  of  York,  incorporated  July  12,  8  Hen.  VI.  and  authorized by  the  find  incorporation  to  purchafe  lands  to  the  value  of  10/.  per  ann.  and  to  find  a  prieft out  of  the  profits  of  the  fame,  did  enter  into  the  faid  lands  given  to  the  faid  hofpital,  and of  the  profits  and  other  lands  did  give  yearly  to  a  prieft  to  fing  continually  in  the  faid  hofpi¬ tal,  over  and  befides  all  charges,  vil. (k)  The  mailer  of  this  hofpital  was  to  be  a  clergyman  of  good  fame  and  diferetion,  and was  to  have  for  his  whole  maintenance  the  fum  of  x.  marks  per  ann.  And  if  the  revenues mcreafe  upon  his  management  he  is  to  get  another  chaplain  to  affift  him,  who  for  his  pains was  to  have  vi.  marks  per  ann.  and  both  of  them  to  fay  daily  fuffrages  for  the  dead,  and celebrate  mattes  for  the  health  and  good  eftate  of  the  king’s  highnefs,  the  faid  John  de  Row- chjf,  the  mayor  of  the  city,  and  official  of  the  court  of  York  for  the  time  being  ;  and  ffiould every  week  fay  the  penitential  pfalms  with  the  litany. Furthermore  it  was  ordained,  that  there  fhould  be  in  the  faid  hofpital  continually,  thir- teen  poor  and  impotent  perfons  maintained,  and  two  poor  clerks  teaching  fchool,  to  be  at the  afiumption  and  eledtion  of  th t  warden,  who  Hull  pay  to  each  of  them  41/.  a  week. At  the  diffolution  the  goods  of  this  hofpital  were  in  value Plate  - - -  . - -  - - Valet,  per  ann. - •  Of  06  00 -  06  10  02 | (l)  The  chapel  belonging  to  this  hofpital  was  built  about  the  year  141 1  ;  for  I  find  that Henry  archbilhop  granted  fpecial  licence  dated  Aug.  7,  141.,  to  the  mailer  hereof  to  cele- brate  divine  fervice  in  the  new  chapel ,  and  upon  the  new  altar  therein  erefled,  at  the  colls of  certain  citizens.  Alfo  to  hallow  the  bread  and  water  on  the  Sundays ,  and  the  fame  fo hallowed  to  adminifter  to  the  poor  weak  and  infirm  people  of  the  faid  hofpital  for  ever. (m)  This  hofpital  was  difiblved  an.  3  Edw.  6.  and  the  ftipend  of  the  prieft,  as  alfo  the lands,  granted  tor  maintaining  of  obits,  lights,  and  lamps  here,  was  by  adt  of  parliament  gi¬ ven  to  the  king.  But  the  hofpital  and  chapel  are  ftill  kept  up  by  the  fellowffiip  of  the mcrchantyadventurers  of  this  city  ;  and  ten  poor  widows  maintained,  under  the  government and  overfight  of  the  governors  and  wardens  thereof. The  chapel  is  neat  and  lightfome  ;  beautified  and  repair’d  with  doubly  rows  of  feats  one (l)  Torre. ( m)  Ex  MS.  penes  me, 4h (i)  Doilf  worth  and  Torre. (k)  Mon.  Aug.  vol.  III.  f.  99. above 3or  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. Walm-gatc above  another  on  both  Tides  the  chapel,  done  at  the  cods  of  the  merchant’s  fellowfhip, ward.  an.i66y. BENEFACTORS  to  this  HOSPITAL ,  &c. ( n)  Nicholas  Warthill ,  an.  1396,  gave  to  the  poor  of  this  hofpital  a  tenement  in  Boot  ham, valued  at  1 6  s.  per  ann. Agnes  de  Touthorpe  gave  to  the  mafter  and  brethren  of  this  guild,  an.  1398,  an  houfe  in  the parifh  of  St.  Peter  le  little,  to  pay  to  every  poor  perfon  of  the  hofpital  every  Lady-day  $d. William  Hart,  by  his  will,  dated  Jan.  14,  1632,  gave  this  hofpital  300/.  to  be  lent  to the  fellowfhip  of  merchants;  and  the  increafe  thereof  to  be  paid  to  the  poor  folk  of  the hofpital.  Which,  formerly  produced  18/.  per  annum  ;  the  diftribution  of  which  was  2  s.  8  d. a  month  to  each  poor  widow,  N°.  10.  16  00  00 To  the  reader  of  the  hofpital  •  ■  —  02  00  00 Mr.  William  Breary,  by  his  will  dated  1637,  gave  to  the  corporation  of  merchants  25/. to  be  lent;  the  increafe  thereof  to  be  paid  to  the  poor  of  the  hofpital  for  ever,  at  the  dif- cretion  of  the  governors  and  wardens. Thomas  Herbert ,  by  his  will,  gave  to  the  fellowfhip  of  merchants  30  s.  for  a  fermon  year¬ ly  before  the  company.  The  preacher  to  have  20 s.  and  ioj.  to  be  given  to  the  poor  of the  hofpital  every  Michaelmas  court  yearly. Sir  Henry  Thompfon,  knight  and  alderman,  governor  of  the  fellowfliip  of  the  merchants an.  1669,  gave  50/.  to  be  lent  at  intereft  for  ever;  the  confideration  thereof  paid  by  the wardens  to  an  able  minifter  for  preaching  three  fermons  in  this  chapel  upon  three  quarter court  days,  viz.  Chrijlmas  court,  Lady  day,  and  Midjummer  courts  forever. Allowed  by  the  fellowfhip  of  merchants  by  an  order  of  their  court,  made  in  the  year 1619,  to  the  poor  of  the  hofpital  55.  every  quarter,  yearly.  This  order  renewed  and  con¬ firmed  in  1642.  adding  to  be  paid  to  the  faid  poor  n.  6d.  a  piece,  every  Chrijlmas ,  Eajler and  Pentecojl.  This  was  again  augmented  by  an  order  of  court  made  June  27,  1681,  to  2  s. a  piece,  to  be  paid  by  the  wardens  as  above.  More  granted  to  the  poor  of  the  faid  hofpi¬ tal  by  feveral  orders  of  merchant’s  court,  the  one  half  of  all  forfeitures  for  ablences  at  courts and  fermons,  which  fome  years  proves  more,  fome  lefs ;  which  the  wardens  pay  them  on making  up  their  accounts. The  ancient  regifler  book  of  the  revenues,  &V.  of  this  hofpital  is  ftill  in  the  cuflody  of the  merchants  adventurers,  in  their  evidence  cheft  in  the  hall,  and  mentions  theie  parti¬ culars: Nomina  fratrum  et  fororum  hofp.  cum  Jlatut.  ejufdem,  f  r. Evidentia  de  terris  et  tenement,  hofpit.  f.16.  to/.  42. Carta  mutalionis  Glide  in  hofp.  f.  136. Carta  Ed.  III.  Ric.  II.  et  Hen.  VI.  pro gubernatore  ct  2  cujl.  f.  135.  f.  42.  f.  138. Litera  Johannis  Pickering  regi  et  confilio,  f.  1 76. - Abbati  Fontincnfi - idem. Advocatio  hojp.  et  alia  inflrumenta,  f  140,  148,  &c. De  terris  mercalorum,  f.  153. ARMS  over  the  gate,  to  the  flreet : Argent,  three  bars  wavy  azure ,  on  a  chief  gules  a  lyon  of  England.  Merchants  of  the jlaple. Two  ancient  coats  that  were  in  one  of  the  windows  1684. Or,  a  chevron  between  three  chaplets  fable. Argent,  a  chevron  gules  between  two  mullets  of  fix  points  in  chief,  a  text  %  in  bafe  fable. Foss-bridce  Fofs-bridge  is  next,  built  of  (tone  of  three  arches,  though  one  of  them  is  buried  on  the eaft  fide,  under  which  runs  the  river  Fofs,  whofe  fource  and  conjunflion  with  the  Oufe,  is Fo: -river,  thus  defcribed  in  the  Collett anea  (0).  Fossa,  amnis  piger,  inter  ft agn antis  aquae  colldt ae  cx plitvia  et  terrae  uligine,  originem  babet  ultra  caftellum  Huttonicum,  tcrminatque  fines  Calaterii  ne- jnoris ;  tandem  fierpens  prope  cajlellum  Ebor.  in  alveum  Ufae  fiuit.  The  river  Fofs  arifes  in  the foreft,  fomewhat  above  Sberrif -button,  and  creeping  along  enters  the  city,  wafhes  the  caftle walls,  and  fomewhat  further  lofes  itfelf  in  the  Oufe.  We  have  a  ftrong  tradition  that  this river  was  anciently  navigable  up  as  far  as  Layrlborp-bridge ;  where  pieces  of  boats  and  an¬ chors  have  been  found.  If  fo,  it  mull  have  been  for  lighters,  and  other  flat-bottomed  vef- fels,  to  carry  goods  and  merchandize,  to  the  merchants  refiding  in  this  part  of  the  town. Of  which  we  have  the  names  of  feveral  who  formerly  dwelt  in  Fofs -gate,  Hun-gate ,  and P eafe-holm-green  on  the  banks  of  this  canal.  I  have  elfewhere  taken  fuffieient  notice  of this,  lo  I  have  the  lefs  to  fay  of  it  here.  But  then  either  the  caftle  milns  muft  have  been away,  or  locks  made  at  them  for  this  conveyance,  which  laft  is  not  to  be  fuppofed,  becaufe locks  are  a  modern  invention.  Sir  T.  W.  here  again  afierts,  that  thefe  mills  are  not  very  an¬ cient,  and  that  before  the  building  of  them,  the  place  where  they  fiand  was  a  fair  green ,  and  a paffage  from  Fifher-gate  poftern  to  the  cafile ,  and  uf  d  for  fijhing ,  bowling,  and  other  recrea- ( ii Ex  MS  penes  me.  ( 0 )  Coll.  Lc’andi,  tom.  iv. tions. Chap.  VII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. tions.  But  this  does  not  feem  to  appear,  but  rather  the  contrary,  from  what  I  fliall  tranferibe  Wa out  of  the  aforefaid  author  relating  to  the  claim  of  fifhing  on  the  laid  river  (p).  WA “  Ins.  3©Edv.  III.  coram  reg.  Ebor.  rot.  n.  it  appears  by  inquifition  of  that  date  that “  divers  had  fifhed  in  Jlagnodom.  regis  de  Fols,  at  divers  times,  and  had  made  porcariam ,  a “  hogfty,  upon  the  bank  aforefaid  to  the  prejudice  of  the  fifh.  Igitur  capiantur ,  &c. “  I  find  that  in  the  time  of  Edzv.  II.  upon  the  complaint  of  Oliver  Sandbus ,  to  whom  the tc  cuftody  of  the  fifh-pond  was  committed  by  the  king,  that  he  pretended  he  was  hindred “  from  taking  the  profits  of  the  lands  belonging  to  the  fifh-pond,  and  that  others  challenge “  a  right  of  fifhing  therein.  Upon  which  a  writ  was  granted,  the  fubftance  of  which  was “  to  enquire,  furvey  and  certify  the  accuftomed  bounds  of  the  fifh-pond,  and  what  other “•  profits  belong  thereto  (q).  This  was  done  by  twenty  four  knights,  and  other  good  men “  of  the  city  of  York  \  by  virtue  of  this  an  inquifition  was  taken  at  York  on  Saturday  next “  after  the  odlaves  of  St.  Martin  by  the  oaths  of  ‘ Thomas  de  Bolton ,  'Thomas  Rivers ,  Wil- “  Ham  Wyvill ,  Geofry  Upfal,  John  Minors ,  William  Barrel ,  Alexander  Percy,  Richard  Goldf- “  hrongh,  Henry  Hartington ,  Hugh  Pickworth,  Richard  Bavcring ,  John  Fleeming ,  Thomas “  Sheffield,  and  John  Nevill,  knights,  and  others.  The  juftices  and  jurors  did  view  the <c  Fifti-pond,  and  found  that  one  head  thereof  extended  to  the  king’s  mills,  under  the  caflle “  of  York,  towards  the  fouth-,  and  towards  the  north  and  eaft  the  filh-pond  is  divided  into “  two  arms,  whereof  that  towards  the  north  extends  itfelf  to  the  water  mill  of  the  abbot  of “  St.  Mary's  York  and  the  other  arm  towards  the  eaft  extends  itfelf  to  a  certain  wooden “  crofs,  anciently  feituated  at  the  end  of  the  fin’d  arm,  between  the  land  of  the  prebendary “  of  Tong ,  and  the  land  of  the  hofpital  of  St.  Nicolas  near  York.  And  the  old  accuftomed <£  bounds  of  the  laid  fifh-pond  are  fo  much  as  the  water  of  the  faid  fifh-pond  occupies,  fo “  that  the  water  be  in  the  channel  within  the  banks  every  where,  in  Englijh  315,dnUS;  and “  that  the  king  hath  not  any  ground  of  his  own  without  the  banks  aforefaid,  or  near  the “  arms  aforefaid  or  profit,  unlefs  it  be  as  much  as  the  fifher  of  the  faid  fifh-pond  can  mow “  of  the  grafs  and  rufhes,  one  of  his  feet  being  in  a  Jhip  (boat)  and  the  other  foot  without “  upon  the  ground  of  the  bank,  with  a  little  feythe  in  his  hand  in  fummer-time,  the  water “  being  in  the  channel  within  the  banks  every  where  as  aforefaid.” By  this  old  inquifition  it  plainly  appears  that  the  cattle  mills  flood  then  where  they  do now  i  that  the  extent  of  thofe  arms,  which  makes  the  ifiand  of  Fofs,  exaftly  corresponds with  their  prefent  fituation ;  the  abbots  mill  was  at  Earfley-bridgc  •,  and  laftly  the  pieces  of boats  and  anchors,  faid  to  be  found  here,  feem  to  be  no  more  than  fome  remains  belonging formerly  to  the  fifhermen  that  occupied  this  ftream. By  the  records  above,  and  feveral  others  that  I  have  feen,  it  alfo  appears  that  this  fifhery on  the  Fofs,  belonging  then  to  the  crown,  was  anciently  of  great  account.  In  the  reign  of Edw.  I.  upon  the  fupplication  of  Nicolas  de  Meignill ,  that  he  had  been  at  great  expence  in the  repairs  of  the  banks  of  this  water  during  the  time  of  his  fheriffalty  a  writ  of  an  enquiry was  fent  out,  and  thefe  jury-men  impannelled  to  give  in  their  verdift  upon  it ;  Hugo  del Wald,  Hugo  de  Richale ,  William  Prefilay ,  John  de  Maunby,  William  del  Gayle,  William  de Myton,  William  Bator,  Hugo  Salwayn,  William  de  Thornerby,  Stegh.  de  Haton ,  Rob.  Chyche- let,  Roger  de  Buggerthorp ,  Henry  de  le  Croyce ,  John  Fox  de  Angram,  Wyats  de  Apylton, Ralph  Cork,  William  Fitz  Ralph  and  Henry  Fojfard,  jun.  who  fay  upon  their  oaths  that  the fame  is  true. Several  orders  for  making  proclamations  have  been  i filled  out  from  the  crown  for  prohi¬ biting  under  very  fevere  penalties  any  perfons  from  throwing  into  this  great  Fifh-pond  any dung  or  excrements  of  beafts,  or  other  naftineffes ;  or  from  laying  of  them  upon  the  banks of  the  faid  river-,  particularly  one  in  the  reign  of  Henry  IV,  which  prohibits  fuch  things to  the  prejudice  of  the  royal  fifhery  under  the  penalty  of  100I.  for  each  offence  (r). In  the  reign  of  Hen.  VI.  anno  8.  a  complaint  was  made  to  Humphrey  duke  of  Gloucefer , lord  prote<5lor,  and  Thomas  Longle ,  bifhop  of  Bitrham,  then,  lord  chancellor,  both  at  that time  in  York,  that  many  roots  of  feggs,  and  other  weeds,  with  mud  and  other  rubbifii  ga¬ thered  together  did  annually  increale  and  deftroy  great  numbers  of  fifh  in  this  vivary.  And that  if  the  fame  was  not  remedied,  the  whole  would  in  time  be  deftroyed.  Therefore  the faid  protestor  and  chancellor  fent  for  the  mayor,  ?c.  to  enquire  into  the  occafion  of  it,  &c. The  whole  proceeding  upon  this  matter  is  too  long  to  infert,  but  the  record  of  it  may  be found  in  the  regifter-book  of  the  city  ;  lit.  B.  fol.  lx. This  fifhery  in  the  water  of  Fofs,  there  called  jfofS;D£lie,  was  granted  to  the  archbifhop for  the  term  of  twenty  one  years,  18  Hen.  VII  (s).  But  afterwards  the  whole  river  of  Fofs, and  fifhery  at  York ,  was  granted  from  the  crown  to  the  Nevils  lords  of  Sheriff-button  from whence  it  came  to  the  Ingrams,  and  is  at  prefent  in  the  right  of  the  lord  vifeount  Irwin. There  is  no  doubt  but  if  this  ftream  was  made  navigable  for  fmall  veffels  up  to,  or  near,  its fp)  Ex  MS.  fir  T.  IV. (q)  The  patent  bears  date  at  Shipton  in  Craven,  Oft.  20. J7  Ed.  II.  The  vsrrits  and  inquifition  are  among!!:  the records  of  the  tower,  Iaquif.  1 7  Ed.  II.  N°.  192. (r.)  Nc  qttis  civis  aut  alius  projiciat  firnos ,  exit  us,  intefii- no,  fordid foetid  a  et  alias  corruptions  in  aquam  regiam  de Fofs,  -vel  piper  ripas  ejufdem  ponat,  in  defiruclionem  aquae prediclae  et  infeldionem  pifcuim  regiorum  in  eadeir.  aqua  fub poena  centum  librarum  ad  opus  regium  folvend.  &(.  clauf. 9H.IV.  w.36. (j)  18  Hen.  VII.  pars  2da.  f.  268.  Rolls. 3°3 LM-QATE RD. fource, 3°4 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. w.m.m-gate  lource,  it  would  be  of  great  fervice  both  to  city  and  country.  Vaft  quantities  of  corn,  but- vi a r d.  ter,  calves,  (Ac.  might  be  fent  down  it  to  York,  and  manure,  lime,  (Ac.  returned.  The roads  on  this  fide  of  the  city  being  very  bad,  efpecially  in  winter  time.  I  fhall  take  leave of  this  ftream  with  obferving,  that  it  is  now,  but  has  been  more  lb,  a  great  defence  to  the city,  by  making  it  unpayable  to  it  except  by  three  bridges  on  that  fide  it  runs  on  •,  yet  were the  mills  taken  away  the  benefit  would  be  much  greater,  by  making  the  ftream  navigable as  I  have  hinted ;  by  the  drainage  of  a  great  quantity  of  ground  which  now  lies  under  it, and  by  ridding  the  city  of  a  nufance,  which  arifes  in  the  fummer  time  from  the  noifome vapours  of  fo  great  a  collection  of  ftagnating  water  confined  in  this  place. By  the  charter  of  Richard  II.  the  king  gave  licence  to  the  mayor  and  commonality  of York,  to  purchafe  lands  to  the  yearly  value  of  ioo  /.  for  the  fuftentation  and  fupport  of the  bridges  of  Oufe  and  Fofs.  Fofs-bridge  was  built  in  the  reign  of  Henry  IV,  I  mean  the prefent  ftrudure,  for  I  find  a  grant  the  4th  of  that  king,  to  the  mayor  and  citizens,  for taking  a  toll  of  all  victuals,  (Ac.  brought  to  the  market  that  way,  for  five  years  from  the date  thereof,  for  the  rebuilding  of  the  faid  bridge  (t). The  chapel  of  (u)  About  the  fame  time  was  a  chapel  ereded  on  it,  wherein,  on  14  Novemb.  1424, st.  Anne.  licence  was  granted  to  celebrate  divine  fervice.  This  chapel  was  dedicated  to  St.  Anne , fometimes  called  St.  Agnes ,  and  had  in  it  before  the  difi’olution  three  chantries  of  confidera- ble  value. (x)  The  firft  founded  by  Robert  Howme ,  fen.  citizen  and  merchant  (y)  at  the  altar  of  St. Anne  in  this  chapel,  yearly  value  61.  13  s.  3  d. The  next  by  Alain  Hammerton  of  the  yearly  value  of  5  /.  5  s. (z)  A  third  was  founded  by  Nicolas  Blackburn ,  alderman,  Jan.  6,  1424.  for  a  prieft  to fing  for  his  foul,  (Ac.  between  the  hours  of  eleven  and  twelve  before  noon  ;  but  afterwards altered  by  the  advice  of  the  parochians  there,  as  well  for  their  commodity,  as  for  travelling people  to  betwixt  four  and  five  in  the  morning.  Goods  and  plate  valued  at  2/.  19  s.  8d. Rents  4/.  i6j.  4^.  A  yearly  obit  6  s.  8d. The  wooden  piles  that  fupported  this  chapel  were  on  the  north  fide  the  bridge,  part  of which  I  faw  drawn  out  laft  year,  when,  by  an  order  of  fewers,  the  Fo/s  was  ordered  to  be fcowered  up  to  Monk-bridge.  Camden  mentions  this  bridge  as  fo  crowded  with  houfes  that  he knew  not  when  he  was  on  it.  Since  his  time  thofe  have  been  pulled  down,  and  the  water laid  open  to  view  on  both  fides  ;  only  anno  1728,  as  appears  by  an  infeription,  fome  fifh- ftalls  were  ereded  on  the  fouth-fide  of  it. Wilson’*  At  the  foot  of  the  bridge,  eaft.  Hands  an  hofpital  and  fchool-houfe  founded  and  endow- hofpital.  ed,  anno  1717,  by  Mrs.  Dorothy  Wilfon,  an  old  maid  of  this  parifh.  Who  left  lands  lying in  the  townfhips  of  Skipwith  and  Nun-Monkton  for  the  maintenance  of  ten  women,  each  of them  to  have  a  room  to  herfelf,  and  ten  fhillingsa  month  allowed  her.  Alfo  a  fchool  for twenty  boys,  with  a  falary  of  20/.  a  year  to  a  mafter  for  teaching  the  boys,  and  reading prayers  twice  a  day  to  them  and  the  women.  New  cloathing  for  the  boys  once  a  year. The  lands  are  veiled  in  feven  truftees,  citizens  of  York,  but  there  is  a  remarkable  claufe  in this  fettlement,  that'?/'  any  one  of  thefe  Jhould  be  made  an  alderman  of  this  city,  he  Jhould  ceafe  to be  truftee. Walm-catl  JValmgate  or  ftCHeambgafc  called  fo,  as  fome  fondly  conjecture,  from  the  wombs  or  bel¬ lies  ol  beafts  ;  carried  formerly  there  to  be  drafted  into  tripe,  bowftrings,  (Ac.  is  a  long, handfome,  broad  ftreet  extending  from  the  bridge  to  the  bar.  It  has  bore  that  name  thefe five  hundred  years,  as  appears  by  a  grant  of  fome  houfes  in  it  to  the  nunnery  at  Clementborp , which  I  have  given,  (temp.  Walt .  Grey  archiepife.)  but  in  my  opinion  this  name  is  a  corrup¬ tion  from  Watlingate  ;  where  the  Roman  road  begun  from  York  to  Lincoln ,  and  to  fome  of  the eaftern  fea-ports.  The  ftreet  out  of  the  bar  was  anciently  called  fo  •,  and  in  an  old  record, quoted  in  Maddox's,  Firma  Burgi,  I  find  this  ftreet,  within,  fpelled  tKHaUngatCj  and,  after all,  it  is  abfurd  to  think  that  fo  fpacious  a  ftreet  as  this  is,  fiiould  owe  its  name  to  fo  filthy an  original  as  the  former  etymology  alludes  to.  The  reverend  Dr.  Langwitb  has  fent  me  a very  ingenious  conjecture  about  the  etymology  of  the  ftrange  name  of  this  ftreet ;  he  fays  it may  be  deduced  from  t  ie  A.  S.  JJeall,  lim,  caementum ,  mortar,  lime,  (Ac.  with  which  the gate  or  houfes  of  this  ftreet  being  anciently  built,  or  covered,  the  name  of  it  might  come. He  adds,  that  our  forefathers,  as  well  as  the  old  Celtae  in  Germany ,  were  fond  of  this  co¬ vering.  And  that  the  Romans  often  built  walls  of  mortar  alone  ;  which  remain  at  this  day as  hard  as  any  ftone,  a  fpecimen  of  which  work  is  ftill  to  be  feen  at  Winchefler. At  the  bottom  of  this  ftreet  is  the  Fifh-Jhambles  already  deferibed  ;  and  higher  up Hands S.  DroNis, Walm-gatc. A  parifh  church  dedicated  to  St.  Dyonis,  or  Dennis,  the  French  patron;  which  is  an  an¬ cient  redory,  formerly  belonging  to  the  patronage  of  the  hofpital  of  St.  Leonard's  York. ( r )  PAr.4Hen.iV.  pars  1 .  rn  22.  de  pent  agio. («)  MS.  Tone,  f.  745. (at)  The  original  grants  of  thefe  three  chantries  are tmongft  the  records  on  Oufe-bridge.  Box  num.  2. ( > )  Dodfwcith  and  Tone .  Iriquif.  S  Hen.  IV.  num.  13. Tune  Lond. (2.)  This  Nicolas  Blackburn,  having  very  diflblute  chil¬ dren,  fays  Lelanil,  left  all  his  eftate,  which  was  vei  a great,  to  pious  ufes.  Lei  itin.  He  was  buried  in  / Hi - faints  North-Jlreet. A  CA- Chap.  VII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  30; Walm- (a)  A  CATALOGUE  of  the  RECTORS  of  St.  DYONIS.  gate  war Temp. inflit.  Restores  eccl. Anno 1269  Martyn  de  Grymeftone, prefb. Johannes . 1326  Philip  Winferton,  cler. 1 33°  Joh.  de  Bufceby,  cler. 1349  Simon  de  Braylock,  cler. 1349  Tho.  de  Boutham,  cap. 3352  Joh.  Luke,  cap. 1362  Elyas  de  Thorefby,  cap. 1367  Roger  de  Wilughby,  pr. 1370  J°h-  de  Ulfby,  prejb. 1371  Tho.  de  Middelton,  pr. 1372  Rob.  Marrays,  prejb. Will.  Yrelande,  prejb. I399  Joh.  Suthwell,  L.  B. 1416  Will.  Browne,  prejb. 1417  Will.  Pellefon. 1421  Ric.  Kynfman,  fubdec. Ric.  de  Wetwang. 1454  Tho.  Benny,  prejb. 1471  Will.  Wilkynfon,  prejb. 1489  Will.  Leyceftre,  dec.  B. 1502  Joh.  Parker,  L.B. 1507  Chrift.  Cuteler,  prejb. 1512  Will.  Wyle,  prejb. 1521  Will.  Bukburrowe,  cap. 1 544  Ed.  Smythe,  cler. 1 546  Rob.  Hall,  cler. 1569  Will.  Preft,  cler. 158 6  Percival  Plutchenfon,  cl. 1603  Gabriel  Squire,  cler. 1612  Elen.  Rogers,  cler. 1614  Tho.  Browne,  cl.  M.  A. 1615  Joh,  Thompfon,  cler. 1620  George  Lyddal,  cler. 1660  Joh.  Dugdale,  cl.  M.A. 1667  George  Tilpin,  cl.  M.  A. Patroni. Magijl.  et  frat.  hojpitalis  S.  Leonardi,  Ebor. lidem. Iidem. lidem. Iidem. lidem. Iidem.  -  fg, Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. lidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem.  ] Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. AJflgnali  eorundem. Hen.  VIII.  rex. Elizabetha  reg. Eadem. Dom.  Will.  Cornwallis,  mil. Jacobus  rex. AJfign.  dom.  Ric.  Fermour,  mil. Jacobus  rex. Dom.  Guido  Palmes,  mil.  et  duo  alii. Carolus  II.  rex. W.  Palmes,  armig. Vac  at. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  refig. per  rejig, per  re  fig. per  refig. per  refig. per  rejig. per  mort. per  refig. per  refig. per  refig. per  refg. per  rejig, per  mort. per  mort. per  refg. per  refg. per  more, per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  refg. per  refg. per  mort. per  mort. (b)  Monumental  INSCRIPTIONS  in  this  church. ►E  £Djatc  p;o  antma  petet  ©flje  nuper  tncccomifis  (jujus  cibitatis,  qui  obiit  n°  Die  jjulit  *ssT- 1551-  54 Dcrc  Ipctfjc  burpcD  the  boDp  of  Militant  ibolmcs  late  alDcrman  of  tijc  cittpc  of  Holmes  1558. fomctpme  mapoj  of  tfje  fame  5  bice^aDmiral  bcttoccnc  ^timber  anp  SCpne ;  attD  tl;c  ftetoaro  L*r*~Ia-'cr of  £0an?  ilbbap  lanDes;  collcao:  for  j]ictoburgb;  anD  borne  in  ttjts  cittpe,  luljo  DvcD  54 tljc  8.  of  *&ept.  1558,  Heating  beijtnD  (jtmlaop  Margaret  Ijistoifc,  anptjaD  iiXue  bp  (jet ftp  foils  ano  feben  Daughters*  unto  income  Cod  grant  a  jopfull  rcfuerctfion. facet  hie  Dorothea  uxor  Roberti  Hughes  quondam  de  Uxbridge,  in  com.  Middlefex,  armig.  Hughe; filia  Johannis  Redman,  quae  ab  antiqua  ilia  Redmannorum  familiade  Turre-harwood  iraxit origiuem.  lit  am,  viator,  f  exploratam  veils,  lapis  non  fujfcit  fic  contra  Ham,  preces  et  lachry- mae.  Fuerat  una  cujus  abinfantia  nobile  confortium  mores  produxer at  non  vulgares,  cujus  ut creverat  annorum  feries ,  fc  vera  floruit  piet as  et  fincera  fldes  cum  virtute,  donee  gravis  aet ate et  dolore  viola  coeltim  quod  toties  invocajfet  vivens  pojfldebat ,  moriens  corpus  relinquens  hie  et exemplum.  Annas  vixerat  66. ARMS  to  this  monument: Gules,  a  lyon  rampant  regardant  argent,  crowned  or.  Hughes.  Impaling  Gules,  three cufhions  ermine  tafieled  or.  Redman. (a)  Ex  MS.  Torre,  f.  461.  f'^1  et  fucctjforibus  fuis  per  \V.  de  Rednels,  «W- ( b  )  Perform  eccl.  S.  DyonilT.  in  W alm-gatc  tie  1.  m ef-  firm,  per  pat.  16  Ed.  II.  p  2.  in.  3 . 41 Hie 30(5  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I, gatVward flic  requiefcat  in  fpe  fy/urreftmis  Gulidmus  Lockfley  artium  magifter ,  hijis  ecclejiae  reftcr, Lockfley  qui  cbiil  fecundo  die  Sept,  A.  D.  1682.  act  at.  June  34. ruggct  1515.^  jciccC  co:ptis  Kicaroi  iruggctt  cc  cititate  Cbo:.  'jfiflj . qui  olmt  Die . £1.  D.  sp.CCCC.iJBi*  cujus  anime  pjopitiefur  jE>cus,  &mrn. Warde  1405.  ^  l£ic  jacct  i&obcrtus  MarDe  quonbam  ctfcis  ct  merrato:  c2bo:.  qut  olmt  ...  Die  mends . #n.  2Dom.  sp.CCCC.Cl.  cujus  anime,  ic. Bellman  1 66 3. Hie  jacet  Lewis  Bellman  cum  de  fe  quatuor  natis  amatis ,  amans  vixit ,  quid  aliud  vis  ?  Id  [mis quod  res  angufta  domi  artein  fuam  perofus  et  folus  tamen  arils  fuae  artifex  ingeniofus.  Obiit Nov.  19,  1 668.  aelat.  fuae  55. Wilfon  1688.  Hie  requiefeit  in  fpe  refurrettionis  Tho.  Wilfon  gen.  qui  obiit  vicefimo  die  Sept.  A.  D.  1688. A  hanclfome  copartment  to  the  memory  of  Mrs.  Dorothy  Wilfon ,  foundrefs  of  the  hofpital aforefaid,  who  died  Nov.  3,  1717.  On  which  day  is  an  anniverfary  fermon  preached. ARMS  in  the  windows,  1684. Cheque ,  or  and  azure,  a  fefs  gules.  Cfijford. Cheque ,  or  and  azure ,  on  a  chief  gules ,  three  oftrich  feathers  in  plume  ifTuing  there¬ from  of  the  firft.  Drax.  Quartering,  bendy  lozengy  argent  and  gules,  a  file  of three  azure. £)n  feveral  parts  of  the  flone  work  without  the  church  are  thefe  arms,  viz. A  faltire.  Nevil.  Impaling  France  and  England  quarterly  within  a  border.  Holland. On  a  faltire  two  annulets  braced.  Nevil. A  lyon  rampant.  Percy.  Quartering  three  lucies  or  pyke-fifh  hauriant.  Lucy.  Un¬ der  which  there  has  been  an  infeription,  but  not  at  prefent  legible,  except  the  year In  the  north  choir  of  this  church  is  a  large  blue  marble,  which  has  had  two  effigies  on  it, and  an  infeription  round  in  brafs,  but  now  quite  erazed.  Under  which,  it  is  faid,  lyes  the 1461.  body  of  Henry  earl  of  Northumberland  j  probably  him  that  was  ilain  (c)  at  T iwtou- field  on the  Lancaftrian  fide.  In  the  book  of  drawings,  epitaphs,  &c.  left  the  office  of  arms  by fir  William  Dugdale  and  there  kept,  is  the  portraiture  of  feveral  of  this  family  kneeling, taken  from  the  glafs  windows  of  this  choir,  but  now  wholly  loft.  It  was  in  reality  their parifh  church  in  York  *,  for  oppofite  to  it  north,  flood  once  the  palace  of  the  earls  of  AW- r455-  thumberland •,  for  I  find  that  in  the  33d  of  Henry  VI.  Henry  earl  of  Northumberland  father  to the  former,  being  flain  at  the  battle  of  St.  Albans ,  was  found  to  be  poffeffcd  amongft  other things,  of  a  certain  houfe  in  MaltmgatC,  in  the  parifli  of  St.  gDgontS,  within  the  city  of called  pnrcpsdnucf^J.  But  to  return  to  the  church. The  church  is  a  handfome  pile  of  building  with  a  neat  fpire  ftceple  in  the  midft  of  it, which  was  fhot  through  in  the  time  of  the  fiege  of  York ;  a  few  years  fince  it  was  almoft twitted  off  by  a  flaffi  of  lightning,  which  alfo  did  great  damage  to  the  reft  of  the  church; but  the  whole  is  now  in  good  repair,  the  painted  glafs  in  the  windows  of  it  being  well  pre- ferved.  Anno  1585,  the  church  of  St.  George  in  Fijher-gate ,  with  the  parifh  thereof  was  uni¬ ted  to  this  church  of  St.  Dyonis ,  according  to  the  ftatute.  /..  d. The  retftory  of  St.  Dyonis  is  thus  valued  in  the  king’s  books.  Firft  fruits  02  10  01  i. Tenths  00  05  01 Procurations  co  06  08 I  find  no  chantries  in  this  church. Neut-gate  From  Walm-gate  there  runs  a  lane  fouth,  now  called  Neut-gate-lane ,  which  leads  to  an UNE.  old  bar  called  Fjher-gat e-bar.  Which  has  been  walled  up  ever  fince  it  was  burnt  in  an  in- Fisher-  furrection  in  Henry  the  feventh’s  time  (e).  Near  the  poftern  adjoining, Hands  the  fhell  of  a T^'lur 7  of  once  Par^  church  dedicated  to  St.  George ,  the  patron  of  England ,  which  was  united  as  be- s/ George  fore.  This  was  an  ancient  (f)  re&ory  belonging  formerly  to  the  patronage  of  the  Palmes of  Nabtirn ,  which  town  is  in  this  parifh-,  and  where  many  of  that  family  are  interred.  It afterwards  came  to  the  patronage  of  th  cMalbyes  of  Ac  after ,  till  temp.  Ric.  II.  it  was  appropria¬ ted  to  the  nunnery  of  Monkton.  The  inhabitants  of  Nayburn ,  a  village  two  miles  off,  llill bury  their  dead  here.  An  infeription  upon  a  tomb-ftone  in  the  church-yard  runs  thus : Avmftiong  Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Thomas  Armftrong  of  Nayburn,  who  departed  this  life  061.  29,  17  2  r. 1721.  being  forty  four  years  of  age.  Alfo  here  lye  the  bodies  of  his  children ,  born  to  him  of  his  wife Margaret,  Catherine,  I  label  la,  Thomas,  John  and  George.  And  now  fays  Margaret, Sleep  on  bleft  creature  in  thy  urn , My  fighs  and  tears  cannot  awake  thee ; I  will  but  ft  ay  until  my  turn And  then ,  oh  then  !  Pit  overtake  thee. (c)  Vide  annul. pub.  anno  1461.  (e)  This  gate,  f.ys  LelanJ,  was  burnt  in  Henry  the \d  )  Dugd.har.v ol.  I.  In  the  ground  on  which  this  feventh’s  tyme  by  the  commons  of  Torf’/.irc,  who  took houfe  flood,  which  is  now  a  garden,  not  long  ago,  was  the  cittye  and  would  have  beheaded  lir  Richard  TCorkt, found  by  a  workman  digging  amongft  the  rubbifh,  one  lord-mayor ;  and  has  ever  lincebeen  blocked  up.  Ltlandi arm  of  a  gold  cup,  fo  heavy  as  to  be  fold  for  50/.  as  I  bin. liavc  been  credibly  informed.  (/)  Ex  MS.  Torre. Thera .  t yis  wi  t/ie.  /iar/j/t  c/urc/i  ft//  J)yonis  -Walmgate  .York, />  3oy.  taAen frvni  t/ience,  a/out  f/ie  ye<wr  ifo.  tttt  Turns-  a/nuMt  rtfa-c^a '. T/ie  ru//it  Aottoara/t/e  Algernon  Baron  Percy Seymour  (lfu/e  of  Somerfet,  Ear/,  off^ Seymour  of  Troubridge  In/  Elizabeth  AtJ  r. Ziet/refU  of  Jocelin  Percy,  /ate Bart  ^Nor:^ mitten/;  re/irejentadon  offotne  of At  a do?i  and Aetr  a/ftareait  to  ft)  //rare  Charles Hartford,  T/tJcoatit  Beauchamp  of  Haohe, Baron fate  Due/iefe  t/e  data// ter  Sr  afer/r a  rdj  jo/e ^J^^hu  mberland  .Baron  Percy  eec.frejentj  f/tj d/aj/rto/tj  anreotatv  to  t/tj  nwr/.  r/;f. Chap.  VII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  307 There  was  one  chantry  founded  in  this  church  of  St.  George ,  at  the  altar  of  St.  Mary ,  for  Walm- the  foul  of  Nicolas  fon  of  Hugh  de  Sutton. This  muft  formerly  have  been  a  very  populous  part  of  the  city  ;  for  I  find  mention  made^  An  R  w of  two  more  parifli  churches  which  anciently  flood  here,  one  dedicated  to  St.  Andrew,  faid  Fiiliei>gatc.V to  Hand  beyond  Fofs,  in  Fifher-gale ,  which  was  an  ancient  reftory  belonging  to  the  patro¬ nage  of  the  priory  of  Newburgh ,  and  given  to  that  houfe  at  firft  by  Roger  lord  Mow¬ bray  (g). The  other  was  the  parifli  church  of  St.  Peter  in  the  willows ,  which  flood  at  the  upper*.  Peter  en end  of  Long-clofe  near  Walm-gate  bar.  This  was  an  ancient  reftory  belonging  to  the  patro- Uf nage  of  the  prior  and  convent  of Kirkham-,  but  at  the  union  of  churches  in  York  it  was  let drop,  and  the  parifli  united  to  St.  Margaret's.  There  was  a  perpetual  chantty  founded  in this  church  of  St.  Peter  en  les  willows ,  at  the  altar  of  St.  Mary  the  virgin  j  but  by  whom,  or of  what  value  uncertain  (h). The  parifli  church  of  St.  Margaret  Hands  on  the  north  fide  of  Walm-gate ,  lomewhat5,  MarCa backwards,  and  was  with  that  of  St.  Mary,  which  alfo  flood  in  this  flreet,  conjoined  into  RET.A  * one  reftory,  belonging  to  the  patronage  of  the  hofpital  of  St.  Peter  or  St.  Leonard  in  York. Whercunto  they  were  given  by  Walter  Fagenulf,  temp.  Hen.  I  (i). The  reftory  of  St.  Margaret’s  is  thus  valued  in  the  king’s  books.  Firft  fruits  02  1801 Tenths  00  05  094 A  CATALOGUE  of  the  RECTORS  of  St.  MARGARET’;. Temp . injiit.  Restores  eccl. Anno 1219  Geof.  deBritonis,  cap.  ad  ecc,  S.  Ma- riae  vet  Bowes. 1308  Joh.de  Haxeby,  j5r<r/Z'.  ad  utrafi‘,  eccl. Patroni.  Vacat. Magifler  et  frat.  hofp .  St.  Leo- nardi,  Ebor. Iidem.  per  mort. ( g )  Mon.Ang.v ol.II.p.  igz.  Mr. Torre.  Hugo filitis Baldurici  habct  ecclefiam  S.  3lnDl‘CC  qttam  emit . e  libro  Doomefday.  Sir  T.  IV.  eccl.  S.  iPuDrce  qite  ejl  ul¬ tra  ^ofTam  in  iFifcljer-gata.  Mon.Ang.  vol. II.  p.  192. ( to )  Idem.  Pat. an.  igRic.H.  pars  2.  m.  20.  Sir  T.IV. (i)  Idem.  f.  437.  Mon.  Ang.  vol.I.  f.  394. i 308 Waim- GA  TE  IV Manors. FighesV Clerk. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. Temp. RD'  injlit.  Reft  ores  eccl . Anno 1342  Will,  de  HefTaye,  cap.  ad  utrafque. 134 9  J°h-  Darlington,  cap.  ad  utrafque. 1352  Adam  de  Darlington,  cap.  ad  utrafque. 1360  Rob.  Sleights,  cap.  ad  utrafque. 1361  Walt,  de  Mafferton,  cap.  ad  utrafque. 1392  Rob.  de  Pocklinton,  ad  eccl.  S.  Mar- garetae. Ric.  Erghes,  prejb. 1410  Joh.  de  Akam,  S.  T.  B. 1412  Joh.  Popylton,  prejb. 14 15  Joh.  Briftowe,  cler. 1419  Will.  Newton,  prejb. 1425  Joh.  Apylton,  prejb. 1425  Joh.  Warthill,  prejb. 1442  Rob.  Slake,  prejb. 1442  Joh.  Roos,  cap. Joh.  Shipton,  prejb. 1460  Will.  Ben,  dec.  doc. 1476  Hen.  Wyatt,  prejb. 1514  Will.  Bukbarrow,  prejb. 1521  Jac.  Barker,  prejb. 1 533  Geor.  Cook. I55°  J°h.  Walker,  cler.  ad  banc  ct  ad  ecc. S.  Petri  cn  les  willows. J557  Rio*  Morton,  cler. 1578  Tho.  Dawfon,  cler. 1591  Georg.  Thompfon,  cler. 1615  Georg.  Lyddal,  cler. 1660  Joh.  Dugdale,  cler. 1669  Georg.  Tylpin,  cler. Monumental  INSCRIPT  IONS  only  thefe  : £Djatc  pjo  amnia  flgnctis  spanarg,  que  obnt  fcpt.  Die  aanuarii  ait.  £>om.  sp.CdiEC  .  .  . rojus  antme,  jc. She  was  a  good  benefaftrefs,  fays  my  author,  and  gave  all  the  lands  belonging  to  the church  (k). In  an  eaft  window  : £>;afc  p;o  anima  Ktcami  <£rg&cs  rctforts  i finis  ccclcfic. ^  ^tc  jacct  KirarDus  Clerk,  qttoitDam  banner  Cbo;.  qut  obiit  jrjrm0  Die  mends  <©# . No  modern  ones  worth  notice  •,  nor  do  I  find  any  chantries  belonging  to  this  church. The  fleeple  of  it  fell  down  about  the  year  1672,  and  broke  down  the  roof  of  the  church, which  for  want  of  ability  in  the  parifh  lay  fome  time  in  ruin.  But,  an.  1684,  it  was  be¬ gun  to  be  repaired  and  finifhed  at  the  charge  of  the  parifh  ;  with  fome  contributions  from the  archbifhop,  and  other  pioufly  difpoled  perfons.  This  church  has  one  of  the  nioft  ex¬ traordinary  porches,  or  entrances,  I  ever  obferved  ;  it  is  fuch  an  elaborate  piece  of  Gothick fculpture  and  architecture,  that  I  have  thought  fit  to  fubjoin  a  draught  of  it.  Though  I am  told,  it  did  not  belong  originally  to  this  church,  but  was  brought  from  the  diffolved holpital  of  St.  Nicolas ,  extra  mttros ,  and  put  up  here. JV aim-gate  bar ,  called  fo  from  the  ftreet  which  leads  to  it,  is  built  in  the  fame  manner  as the  other,  towards  the  foundation  are  fome  large  blocks  of  grit,  but  the  arches,  &V.  are modern.  This  gate  received  great  damage  in  the  fiege  1644,  being  near  beat  down  by  the rebels;  it  was  likewife  undermined,  for  which  it  flood  in  need  of  reparation,  which  was  dor  e 1648,  as  appears  by  an  infeription  on  the  outer  gate.  Leland  fays  (l)  that  he  was  told  that Walm-gale  bar  was  built  when  Fijher-gate  was  difufed  ;  but  he  feems  to  doubt  it,  and  in¬ deed  there  is  no  reafon  to  believe  it. Returning  back  I  take  notice  of  an  hofpital  founded  of  late  years  by  one  Perceval  W\h- terjkelj \  fheriff  1705,  but  inconfiderable. There  was  alfo  formerly  a  Maifon  Dieu ,  or  fmall  hofpital,  founded  and  maintained  by the  company  of  fhoe-makers  in  this  ftreet. (O  Dofwerth's  epitaphs.  MS.  penes  me.  (!)  leUndihin. Patroni. Mag.  ct  frat.  hofp.  S.  Leon.  Ebor. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Edvardus  VI.  rex. Maria  rcg. Elizabetha  reg. Eadem. Jacobus  rex. Carolus  II.  rex. Idem. Vac  at. per  mort. per  refig. per  refig. per  refig. per  rejig. per  refig. per  rejig, per  rejig, per  refig. per  rejig, per  mort. per  rejig. Per  refig. Per  refig. per  mort. per  mort. per  refig. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. In 'rMs/if.)  t/uj  vtfnr  t/iu  iH’n/  sinfttnt ■eton,  tinrf  ef  Holm  Spalding-moor, /'  froth  i  rk  /nrJi/tvdure-  tv  t/u  rvrrrk. V  . "I<  :ii  !  'V  '■* 3°9 Chap.  VII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. In  Neat  or  Nowl-gaie  hi;:.'  ;t] rc.idy  mentioned,  called  fo  from  leading  to  the  Swine- market ,  the  ancient  Fijher-gate,  is  an  hofpital  founded  by  fir  Robert  Watler  knight,  fome time  lord-mayor  of  this -city  ;  who  by  Ills  will  proved  June  13,  1612,  appointed  that  an5;r  Wat*- hofpital  (la oti Id  be  erected  out  of  his  houfes  in  Now! -gate,  York ,  which  fhould  be  for  the  TER  '  hoftiuL perpetual  maintenance  of  ten  perl'ons.  And  to  confift  of  a  mailer,  governor  or  reader,  who fhould  have  3  /.  per  annum  for  his  (lipcnd,  and  ol  certain  brethren  and  fillers,  to  every  of which  40T  per  annum  fhould  be  allowed.  And  that  the  faid  rent  of  24/.  per  annum  fhould i flue  out  of  his  lordfhip  of  Cun-late  (ti).  Near  this  is  the  hall  belonging  to  the  company  ofHABERDA- Haberdafhers  of  this  city  which  was  built  by  the  aforefaid  knight  for  his  brethren  to  af-  sherVhall fe  ruble  in,  In  an  old  wall  hereabouts  is  a  flatue  of  a  knight  templar;  on  his  fhicld  a  crofs pa  toner,  with  a  bar.  Latimer. I  have  now  gone  through  with  my  defeription  of  all  the  remarkables  in  Walmgate  ward ,  Monk  ward I  come  next,  over  Fofs-bridge  again,  into  Monk  ward ,  only  taking  notice  by  the  way  of  a fmull  pai'ifh  church  dedicated  to  St.  Clemen!-,  which  flood  fomewhat  backward,  betwixt Chmcbof P'ofsgate  and  linn -gate-.  This  church  was  but  of  a  fmall  valuation  being  put  down,  temp.  ■^•Clement. Hen.-V:  at  1 1.  per  annum.  It  is  milled  by  Mr.  Torre,  nor  was  it  fubfifling  at  the  union  of churches  in  this  city.  I  have  therefore  no  more  to  fay  of  it,  but  what  is  before  taken  no¬ tice  of  in  the  annals,  that  eighty  Lmcolnjhire  men,  (lain  in  the  fray  betwixt  the  Englijh  and hntnau  Iters. ,  anno  1  Ed.  Ill,  were  buried  in  one  hole  in  the  church-yard  belonging  to  this par  ilk  ( 0 ). On  the  fame  fide-,  higher  up,  flood  formerly  the  houfe  or  convent  belonging  to  the  Fryars Monaftery  of  the Carmelites ,  or  1- fat  res  de-  Monte  Carmeli  in  York,  who  had  a  chapel  or  church  there  dedica-  Friars  Car- ted  to  the  honour  of  our  lady  St.  Mary.  The  religious  order  of  the  Fryars  Carmelites  was  MEL1TES- one  o!  the  four  orders  of  Mendicants,  or  begging  fryars;  taking  both  Its  name  and  origin from  Carmel ,  a  mountain  in  Syria  ;  formerly  inhabited  by  the  prophets  Elias  and  EHJba,  and by  the  children  of  the  prophets ;  from  whom  this  order  pretends  to  come  in  an  uninterrup¬ ted  fucceliion.  The  method  in  which  they  pretend  to  make  out  their  antiquity  has  fome- thing  in  it,  fays  my  author  (p),  too  ridiculous  to  be  rehearfed.  Some  amongft  them  pre¬ tend  they  are  nephews  to  J.  C.  Others  go  farther  and  make  Pythagoras  a  Carmelite-,  and and  the  ancient  Druids  regular  branches  of  their  order. 1  he  fite  of  their  monaftery  in  York  is  particularly  exprefled  in  a  charter  of  confirmation granted  to  them  by  king  Edward  I,  in  the  28th  year  of  his  reign,  or  anno  1300,  dated  at York.  It  appears  here,  by  ihfpeximus,  that  William  de  Vefcy  gave  them  the  firfl  piece  of ground  to  build  on  ,  and  bellowed  upon  them  all  his  land,  mefiiiages  and  tenements, that  he  had  in  a  flreet;  or  Jane,  called  Ic  ^bliflboo;!);  extending  in  length  and  breadth towards  the  water  of  jfofy  to  the  fouth  ,  and  from  a  flreet,  or  lane,  called  lc  fipcrfft, towards  the  kiup’s-Jlrcet  called  jFofe'gfltc,  to  the  wefl.  In  the  reign  of  Rich.  II.  Henry de  Percy  lord  of  Spofford  had  leave  of  the  king  to  grant  to  tliefe  fryars  a  piece  of ground  to  the  weft  contiguous  to  their  houfe,  fixty  foot  long  and  fixty  broad,  for  the  en¬ largement  of  their  monaftery.  This  piece  of  ground,  but  of  fomewhat  larger  extent,  viz r. one  hundied  feet  long  and  one  hundred  broad,  was  granted  to  them  afterwards  by  John Berden  and  John  Braythwait,  to  the  fame  ufe  as  the  former.  Confirmed  by  king  Rich.  II. at  York,  in  the  i6'n  year  of  his  reign,  or  anno  1 393. Before  this,  viz.  anno  reg.  regis  Eci.  II.  8°.  or  anno  13-14.  that  king  then  at  York,  bellow¬ ed  a  meffuage  and  yards  upon  the  prior  and  brethren  of  this  order  fituate  in  the  flreet  of Spci'fli3  as  the’ record  teflifies  (though  no  fuch  name  of  a  flreet  is  known  to  us  at  prefent) which  he  had  of  the  gift  of  Galfrid  de  Saint  Quintan,  contiguous  to  their  houfe,  for  the enlargement  of  it.  The  fame  king,  by  another  grant,  dated  a  day  after  thd  former,  gives leave- to  theft  fryars  td  build  a  key ,  fcapn,  or  wharf,  on  his  btfoarp  of  tl)C  JfofS,  in  their  ov/n land,  and  within  their-cfofe ::  And  fo  builded  to  keep  to  them  and  their  fucceilors  for  ever. And  moreover  that  they  fhould  have  a  boat  on  his  faid  vivary  to  fetch  Jlone ,  wood ,  under¬ wood,  or  other  rteceftari'es,  as  well  under  JfofS?brtOgC,  as  from  any' other  place  on  the  faid vivary,  or  fifh-pool,  to  their  key  fo  built,  for  the  ufe  of  the  faid  monartery.  The  lame king  in  the  9'"  and  i6'h  years  of  his’ reign,  grants  to  thefe  fryars,  by  two  deeds  dated  at York  and  Lincoln,  all  thofe  houfes  with  their  appurtenances1  in  jfoflfcsafc,  which  he  had’  of the  gift  (4'  Ihoma-s  the: fort  of  William  l e  Aguiler  of  York,  and  Cicily  his  wife,  Alfo  all  that hind  with  .appurtenances  in  the  fame  city,  extending  in  lehgth  and  breadth,  as- the  writing witnefies,  which  he  had  by  gift- from  Abel  de  Riehale  of  York.  To  have  and  'to  hold  &c.  for ever,  for  the  enlargement  of  their  monaftery. Thefe -arc  all  the  teflirnonies  I  have  met  with  relating' to  the  fite  of  this  monaftery  of  the Fryars  Carmelites  in  York.  By  which  it  appears  that  it  ftood  betwixt  Fofs-gate.  and  Hun-gate  ; and  in  a  place,  now  a  garden,  belonging  to  my  worthy  friend  Mr.  John  Tomlinfon  of  York, late  alderman  Hutton’s,  I  faw  fome  of  the  foundation  ftones  of  this  ancient  building  dug  up a  few  years  ago.  The  extent  of  their  houfe,  courts,  &c.  mult  ftretch  from  the  lane  ftill (»)  Ex  MS.  Torre. ( c  )  Le land,  col] . if)  See  Chamber's  diftionary. 4K called iff© Mt :  K  "’a St  A  IN  BOW W  H  I P  M  A  - Whopma- CATE. Collier- cate. St.  Saviou cate. -Ji.Savioui church. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookL Knc-ilJed  Stabibnv,  down  through  all  thefe  gardens,  as  the  records  teftify,  to  the  river  Fofs, which  argues  the  lire  of  this  monaftery  to  have  been  noble,  large,  and  fpacious. That  I  may  omit  nothing  relating  to  this  fryary  that  I  have  found,  I  (hall  give  what Mr.  Torre  has  collected  from  the  church  records  regarding  them*  There  being  no  notice taken  of  this  monastery,  in  2'ork,  in  the  Monajlicon  \  nor  in  Speed's  catalogue  of  religious houfes.  The  records  I  extracted  the  above  account  from,  may  be  feen  at  length  in  the  ap¬ pendix-,  and  this,  I  think,  is  fufficient  to  preferve  the  memory  of  this  order  in  York  from wholly  perifhing  in  oblivion.  For  November  27,  30  Hen.  VIII.  ox  anno  1539,  this  houfe of  the  fryars  Carmelites  in  York  was  lurrender’d  into  the  king’s  hands  by  the  prior,  Simon Clark/on,  nine  brothers  and  three  novices  (p ). April  1,  1304,  a  commilTion  was  ifiued  out  to  dedicate  the  church-yard  of  this  fryary,  in that  place  where  thefe  fryars  then  inhabited  ;  within  the  limits  of  the  parifh  church  of  St. Saviours.  And  May  24,  1340,  a  decree  was  made  betwixt  the  re&or  of  St.  Crux  on  the one  part,  and  the  pryor  and  brethren  of  the  Carmelites  on  the  other,  about  the  celebration  of divine  fervice  in  a  certain  oratory  in  Fofs-gate ,  eredted  on  the  gate  of  the  faid  priory.  That there  be  thenceforth  no  fervice  therein  celebrated,  no  bell  tolled,  bread  or  water  hallowed, nor  be  adminiftred  by  any  clerk  or  lay  perfon.  And  that  thofe  religious  receive  no  more oblations  there,  and  that  our  lady’s  image,  then  in  that  oratory  let  up,  be  abfolutely removed  (%). Jan.  r,  1320,  William  archbilhop  of  York  made  this  ordination  between  John  Pykering , redtor  of  the  church  of  St.  Crux,  and  the  prior  and  brethren  of  the  order  of  St.  Mary  de Monte  Carmeli ,  about  certain  tythes,  houfes  and  pofTeflions  belonging  to  that  church,  by reafon  of  thofe  places  which  the  faid  prior  and  brethren  had  inhabited,  or  did  acquire  in the  faid  pariih  •,  the  fame  containing  nineteen  feet  in  breadth  from  the  inner  part  of  Fofs-gate , . and  of  the  latter  part  feventeen  foot  per  Staynebow,  viz.  that  the  faid prior  and  brethren  and  their  fuccelfors  fhall  be  free  and  quit  for  ever  from  payment  of  thofe tythes,  oblations,  and  obventions,  faving  the  right  of  the  faid  parifh  church,  for  them  and others  of  burial  amongft  them.  And  in  fatisfadtion  of  damage  done  to  the  faid  church  in this  refpedt,  the  faid  prior  and  brethren  fhall  give  and  pay  yearly  for  ever  to  the  faid  re- dtor,  nomine  ecclefie  fue ,  the  portion  due  to  the  vicar  out  of  the  profits  of  the  faid  church  (r). Stainbow-lane ,  is  a  narrow  thorough-fare  leading  from  Fofs-gate  into  Hun-gate  above  this is  a  fmall  ftreet,  which  has  the  odd  name  of  Whipma-Wbopmagate  given  it  for  what  rea¬ fon  I  fhall  not  determine.  In  it  is  the  eaft  end  of  Crux  church,  and  an  inn  called  the  George here  is  alfo  every  Saturday  a  market  kept  for  old  fhoes'  and  boots  by  the  company  of  Iran- faiors. Collier-gate  needs  no  explanation,  at  the  lower  end  of  it  begins  a  ftreet  called  St.  Sa- R  viour-gate ,  from  a  church  of  that  name  Handing  in  it.  The  upper  part  of  this  ftreet  was, anciently,  called  fteFmangcrgatc ;  &Ct  is  a  northern  word  for  carrion,  but  why  it  took this  name  in  difrefpedt  to  the  other  Manger -gates ,  which  I  fhall  fpeak  of  in  the  fequel ,  I know  not.  Here  is  a  ftone  in  the  wall  of  Mr.  Tomlinfon* s  houfe  which  bears  this  in¬ fer  iption  : ffont)  tfje  image  of  |0o?ke  anD remand  in  tfje  *>cre  of  our  Jlojo  ®oD 2L.  3*  unto  tljc  common  fjall in  tlje  tvme  of  tljc  matraltp  of jofjn  £>tocfcDale. The  image  of  York  is  fuppofed  to  be  that  of  king  Ebrank ,  our  Britifb  founder  ;  and  here tradition  tells  you,  was  the  firft  ftone  laid  of  his  city.  This  image  is  faid  to  have  been  of wood,  but  what  is  become  of  it  I  know  not,  for  that  taken  down  at  the  common-hall  for the  building  of  the  lord- mayor’s  houfe  can  by  no  means  be  fuppofed  to  be  this,  as  I  fhall fhew  in  its  proper  place. The  parifh  church  of  St.  Saviour's  called  in  old  writings  ecclefia  fancli  falvatoris  in  Marifco , this  ground  being  all  gained  from  the  marfh,  is  a  neat  building,  and  has  forr.e  thing  in  its outiide  fo  modern,  as  would  tempt  me  to  believe  it  has  been  rebuilt  out  of  the  ruins  of  the monaftery  once  adjoining.  It  has  a  handfome  tower  fteeple  with  a  large  wooden  crofs  on the  top  of  it.  This  church  is  an  antient  redtory  belonging  to  the  patronage  of  the  abbot and  convent  of  St.  Mary's  York  given  them  at  firft  by  king  William  the  conqueror,  and  paid an  annual  penfionof  ten  (hillings  to  that  religious  houfe  (s). (p)  Clauf.  30  Hen.  VIII.  pars  5,  num.  67.  [Rolls  chap. The  fite  of  this  priory  was  granted  to  one  Ambrofe  Beck¬ with  35  Hen.  VIII.  eadem. (  q  )  E  regijlro  Zouch,  p.  49. (/)  Ex  MS.  Torre,  f  878. (r)  Mon.Ang.  vol.  I.  fo).  390,  392.  MS.  Torre,  f.  343. The  three  bells  belonging  to  this  church  were  taken  out of  St.  William's  chapel,  Oufe-iridg* ,  and  given  to  this church  1583. 4  C  4- Chap.  VII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. A  CATALOGUE  of  the  RECTORS  of  St.  SAVIOURS. 3 1 1 Monk  ward Temp. infill.  Rett  ores  eccl. Anno 1250  Will.  Luvell,  cler. 1308  Adam  de  Spiriden,  diac. Will,  de  Wolferton. 1349  J°h-  de  Nefle,  cler. 1394  Adam  Wigan,  cler. 1433  Joh..  Arnal,  dec.  Dr. 1446  Ric.  Tone,  dec.  Dr. Joh.  Bellamy,  prejb. 1452  Will.  Tankerfley.  cler. 1453  Peter  Percy,  cler. 1459  Rob.  Simpfon,  cap. 1460  Will.  Gylburn,  LL.B. 1463  Rog.  Barton,  prejb. Thomas  La  ton,  prejb. 1480  Will.  Smythe,  cap. 1481  Ric.  Nicholfon,  cap. 1485  Rob.  Wright,  cap. 150 6  Tho.  Young,  prejb. 1507  Will.  Sherburn,  cap. 1513  Ric.  Berwyck,  prejb. 1538  Ric.  Roundalc,  prejb. 1550  Tho.  Lather,  cler. 156 7  Joh.  Richard fon,  cler. 1591  Will.  Cockfon,  cler. 1631  Joh.  Whittaker,  M.  A. 1 665  Anth.  Wright,  cler. (y)  There  was  another  chantry  founded  in  this  church  at  the  altar  of  St.  Thomas  the  marT tyr ,  for  the  foul  of  Adam  de  Spiriden ,  /,  j.  d. Patron:. Vacat. Abbas  et  conv. B.  Mar.  Ebor. Iidem. lidem. per  mort. Iidem. Iidem. per  mort. Iidem. per  mort. Iidem. Iidem. per  mort. lidem. per  refig. Iidem. per  refig. Iidem. per  refig. Iidem. per  rejig. Iidem. Iidem. per  mort. Iidem. per  rejig. Iidem. per  rejig. lidem. per  mort. Iidem. per  mort. Iidem. per  mort. Iidem. per  rejig. AJfign.  abt  et per  mort. convent. per  mort Iidem. Eliz.  regin. per  rejig. Eadem. per  mort , Car.  I.  rex. Car.  I.  rex. There  were  no  lefs  than  fe- ven  chantries  belonging  to  this church,  all  of  them  of  confider- able  value,  the  firft (t)  Was  a  very  antient  chan¬ try  founded  at  the  altar  of  St. Mary  in  this  church,  for  the  foul of  Robert  Verdenell. ( u )  There  was  another  chan¬ try  founded  in  this  church  at  the altar  of  St.  John  the  evangeliJJ for  die  fouls  of  John  de  Hathel- fey  and  Emma  his  wife.  May  18, 1468,  this  chantry  was  united to  another  chantry  in  the  fame church,  founded  for  the  fouls  of JVilliatn  Burton  and  Ivetta  his wife,  at  the  altar  of  St.  James the  apofile  and  St.  Lawrence. 1.  s.  d. Yearly  value  06  05  06 (x)  William  Burton  of  Tork mercer,  founded  another  chan¬ try  in  this  church  at  the  altar  of St.  Anne ,  mother  of  our  lady  St, Maryy  for  his  foul  and  the  foul of  Ivetta  his  wife.  /.  s.  d. Yearly  value  06  00  19 A  139^. Yearly  value  -  -  — -  04  01  00 (z)  A  chantry  called  Richard  Watters  chantry,  in  the  parilh  church  of  St.  Saviours  in  the SParifljC  of  the  foundation  of  the  laid  Richard.  /.  s.  d. Yearly  value  -  - —  - -  06  00  00 {a)  A  chantry  founded  by  IVilliam  Frofi  alderman  and  Ifabella  his  wife,  within  the  faid faid  church.  /.  s.  d. Yearly  value  -  - - ■  ■ -  10  09  11 (b)  A  chantry  founded  by  William  Gilliot.  /.  s.  d. Value  -  —  —  —  —  05  00  00 (c)  Befides  thefe  chantries  there  was  alfo  a  gilD,  or  fraternity,  of  St.  Martin  in  this  church* which  was  lounded  by  letters  patents  from  Henry  VI. Monumental  1  NS  C  RIP  T IONS. *  Mn  iaect  rob€Rtus  veRDeNeLL  nvi vs  ANicpe  PRO-wrdeneii PITI6TUR  Deus. ^  j£);atc  p;o  animabus  Rogeri  de  Moreton  quonDam  majors  eibifatis  <H;bo?.  qui  obiitboicMoretonns* mentis  3unii  anno  £Dont.  spCCCC  ILHiSiBIBI*  <£t  Sfabelle  upo^ts  fue  que  obtit  bi  Die  Lord-mayor  ' menfts  spartii  annoSDom.  imllcftmo  quaDjagentefimo  fit,  quorum  animabus  pjopitietnr 1 373-  ' SDeus. ^  £Drafe  p?o  anima  KobmiDe  i&DuffelD. C-t  p?o  anima  Ipelenc  upozts  ejus. ( t )  Ex  MS.  Torre. («)  Idem  et  Dodf. (at)  IiJem. (y)  I  idem. (*•)  Dodf.  coll.  pat.  anno  6  Ed.  IV.  pars  1 .  m.  9.  fir  T.  W. (a)  Dodf. (i)  Idem.  Perfona  eccl.  S.  Salvat,  de  iiii  s.  redd,  in gate  colic edend.  pro  lampad.  maintenand .  inq.  1 1  Hen.  IV. n.  19.  Turre  Lond. (c)  Pat.  24  Hen,  VI.  p.  2.  m.  20. Modern 7,  It Monk  wa Huncate St.  JoH  n’j chin'd). Pound- I.  ANE. Haver- LANE. 77-r  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. '  :  •  re  on  fir  H  my  Hi  wley  knight,  who  died  1697,  and  his  lady  1710. /,  .  ...ms  A\  ■  F  :A\-,-J  Booth ,  and  Chrijhpher  Tyrrel. The  hou  r:  s  oi'  this  pari  Hi  taken  from  :;n  ancient  writing  ftill  kept  under  the  cuftody «  :  the  church  v  .ink is  a  very  curious  thing,  and  I  prefent  the  reader  with  a  copy  of  it, taken  literatim  from  die  original. atoncumo  ~:st  tftvgrs  Ifjc  fidunDcc  of  Chrs  ccrrfijtng  of  feynt  Sayveyour,  majfoe  anD  fet :  i’c  v:  the  wre  ofotow  Iio:D  <£>od  one  lljoufanoe  three  IjimDrctt)  thrccfcoic  ano  tinoo,  m i  t  ftf  ■  *iD  tvirtc  i'cic  of  tljc  retsne  of  oiurc  foberefgn  lo:oc  Edwarde  after  tfjc torihiibHc. aTr  d  :t  frent'olW  York?  ant)  fo  gojmgc  fui'tlj  ttjc  ffreet  unto  one  lane  mile  Spenlayne, ■  h  Trpac  . :  1  front  tijc  (freet  of  £>t.  Savyour-gate,  unto  a  common  feiucr  baktoaroe  ro- : ;  me  au-,  ano  one  other  fclrct  compnge  in  it  lacing  on  the  north  fioc  of -  .vt,  afojefappe,  ano  bounDpng  unto  j&.  Andrew-gate,  anD  from  thence  an* to  d;:  fa:::  -ft  Roe  of  one  Mafindeu,  HnnDPng  in  s>.  Andrew-gate  afojcfaiD,  ano  fo  on  further to  \  •,  an.D  from  Aldwarke  afo:efaiD  to  feynt  Antons,  ano  the  feynt  Antons  is  of  leynt :  i/crylo,  aitb  front  thence  gotngc  dber  Peafeholme-grene  unto  one  lavnc  north?  of t-:-r  !  v  r  '  ano  fo  gopng  of  the  north?  fnoc  of  one  houfe  calico  Gramary-hall,  ano  fo onfurth  to  !  ano  front  Hungate  afojfa^D  unto  the  lang  jrreres,  tu!;ich  feercs  ar  of the  favoc  rarylk:  of  li-ynte  Seyveyours  inith  thnrc  Ipbcrtves.  anD  thence  to  our  ladies  chapell bilbngvnctc  fo  the  faybe  jfrcrcs,  ants  thence  to  one  Mayfyndeu  ftanbvng  of  the  north  fgDe  of one  lavnc  ralleo  -  ,  .  layne,  iylhchc  May  fyndeu  hath  bcoth  men  anD  toomeit  in  the  fame, anD  is  of  tuftn  v  err  flings,  tljc  men  is  of  Crux  perpfije,  anD  the  tuomen  of  the  peryflje  of  feynt S.i '■  afoiefaiD,  ano  fo  from  tf)c  fatoc  Mayfyndeu  unto  one  Ijoufe  belonging  to  Crux  church peryfre,  ano  the  favac  houfeis  alllb  of  feynt  -Saveyours  pcrpfljc,  foljich  outermotfe  poll  of  the fayDc  houfc  franmth  eben  on  the  toctfc  parte  iuith  olde  Yorke,  ano  from  thence  to  Heworth tuljicl;  has  fir  fyer  Ijonfes  there  tuith  the  tyeth  of  ttoclf  organg  of  lanoc  belonging  unto  the fayoe  pcrplhc  church  of  leynt  Say  veyoures. A  a  0  1585,  the  parilhes  of  St.  John  in  Hungate  and  St.  Andrew  in  St.  Andrewgate  were linicud  to  this  parifh  of  St.  Saviours ,  according  the  form  of  the  flatute  in  that  cafe  or¬ dained. The  reflory  of  St.  Saviour’s  is!  valued  in  the  king’s  books  /.  s.  d. Firft  fruits  —  -  -  —  * —  05  06  oS Tenths  -  —  —  —  —  00  10  oS Procurations  —  —  —  —  —  00  06  08 St  Saviour-gale  is  one  of  the  neatefl  and  belt  built  Hreets  in  the  city,  the  houfes  molt  of them  new,  among  ft  which  one  belonging  to  Thomas  Fothergill  efqu  ire,  and  another,  facing the  ftreet  at  the  eaft  end,  the  property  of  Thomas  Duncombe  of  Duncombe  park  efquire  are the  chief.  At  this  end  alfo  ftands  a  pile  of  building,  erefted  about  thirty  or  forty  years ago,  as  a  meeting-hbtife  for  dilTenters  of  the /vy/7  :v,an  perfwafion.  In  digging  the  foun¬ dations  of  fome  houfes  on  the  north  of  this  ftreet,  I  am  told,  great  quantities  of  horns  of leveral  kinds  of  beafts  were  thrown  out;  which  makes  me  conje&ure  that  a  Roman  temple flood  here,  being  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  imperial  palace. Hungate  goes  clown  to  Fojfe  fide  from  St.  Saviours -gate,  but  the  name  of  it  I  cannot  tell what  to  make  of;  Hungry-gdte  is  a  poor  conjt'flure,  which  though  it  will  fuit  the  place  well enough  now,  yet  formerly  there  were  feveral  merchants  of  great  account  lived  here.  I mull  alfo  take  notice  that  the  a'ntient  family  of  the  Hiingates  in  this  county,  leem  to  derive their  name  from  hence. The  parifh  church  of  St.  John  baptijl  flood  here,  in  a  place,  eaft  of  the  ftreet,  now  gar¬ dens  ;  but  after  the  demolition  it  was  long  called  St.  John's  green  (d).  There  is  not  the leafl  remains  of  the  church  now  Handing;  which  was  formerly  appropriated  to  the  revenues ■  of  the  dean  and  chapter  of  Fork,  and  accounted  one  of  their  great  farms,  valued  at  fix  pound ■per  annum .  It  was  united  to  St.  Saviour's. There  was  a  chantry  in  this  church  founded  by  Richard  RvuJJel  citizen  and  merchant ;  af- tenvards  augmented  by  John  Thirfk  a'  great  merchant,  alfo  mayor  of  xhtftaple  of  Calais ; who  both  lived  fir  this  ftreet-,  and  Wete  both  Buried- in  this  church.  1.  s.  d’ Yearly  value  —  —  —  —  —  06  00  04 Two  lanes  leading  from  Hungate,  one  called  Pound-lane  which  runs  to  a  piece  of  ground called  Poundgarth ,  called  fo  from  being  upon  the  royal  fifhery.ot  Foffs  ;  the  other  is  Ha- verlane ,  with  gardens  on  both  licfes  leads  to  Pedfeholnie-green.  The  great  quantity  of  Hone walling  about  thefe  gardens,,  (Afi pleads  Hrongly  lor  many  antlent  buildings  to  have  been hereabouts;  and  there  is  no  fmall  quantity  of  grit  wrought  up  in  the  wall  at  the  bottom of  Hungate  going  to  Fofs.  The  place  called  Hdly-priefis ,  I  take  to  have  Hood  fome  where in  thefe  gardens,  and  probably  near  a  fine  well  of  a  round  figure  of  Hone,  called  at  this day  holy  priejls  well.  The  hall  belonging  to  the  company  of  fhoemakers  in  this  city  Hands in  Hungate. Pecije holme-green  plainly  enough  fpeaks  its  own  name,  holm  is  an  Anglo-Saxon  word  lor  a (d)  See  Mr.  Speed’s  plan  of  the  city  in  his  ni3p  of  the  county. fmall Chap.  VII.  of  the  CITY  YORK.  313 fmall  ifland,  or  any  watery  fituation,  which  this  is  j  and  has  been  gained  from  the  river  Monk  ward Fofis,  firft  for  gardens,  and  next  for  buildings. In  the  fquare,  as  I  may  call  it,  though  a  meanly  built  one,  Hood  once  the  parifli  church  All-Saints of  All!)  allows  i  l'ome  fmall  remains  of  the  wall  ftill  marking  out  the  place.  The  church  oI'Peaseholm All-faints  (d\  in  Pefebohnc ,  Uavergale ,  all  in  Marifco ,  was  an  antient  redory  belonging  to the  patronage  of  feveral  private  families,  as  the  Nevils ,  Grants ,  Salvayns ,  Langlons ,  &c. Amonglt  the  records  of  the  city  on  Ohfe-bMdge ,  I  met  with  a  very  antient  writing,  which  is an  exemplification  of  the  right  of  patronage  to  this  church  ;  it  has  the  old  common  feal of  the  city  appendant,  and  isaddrefled,  as  I  take  it,  to  Gerard  archbifhop,  who  died  anno 1109  ;  but  being  without  date  I  leave  it  to  the  reader’s  conjedure,  whether  it  belongs  to him  or  lbme  of  the  IVilliams  his  fucceffors?  The  form  of  the  letters  are  (Irong  and  fine, correfponding  with  the  molt  antient  in  Maddox's  formulae. Vcnerabili  patri  Domino  G.  BA  gratia  Eboracenfi  archieptfcopo ,  et  Anglie  primati,  bundles filiifiui  cities  Woo:,  faint  emx  et  debit  inn,  cum  omni  reverentia ,  obfequium.  Excellence  vejlre  no¬ tified  ur  quod  ecclefa  omnium  fin  tl  or  inn  in  Marifco  in  fundo  Radulfi  Nuuel  (e)  et  antecefforum fttorum  Jitd  eft.  6 'emus  etiarn  />•  0  certo  quod  antec effort r fui  a  prima  fundatione  ejufdem  ecclefte earn  dor  iv  runt ,  ci  quod  advocatio  totius  prefate  ecclefte  ad  eundem  Radulfum  peril  net,  tam  jure haereditaric  quam  cx  daiio  predecejjbris  fui,  qui  earn  dare  potuit.  Hujus  rei  merit atem  fib  commit ni figill'o  chit  at  is  no  ft  re  tefiiftcamus.  Valent  Jemper  in  Chrifto  fanftitas  veftra  ( f). Near  a  poftern-gate,  called  Layretborpe-poftcrn ,  which  lead  to  a  village  of  that  name,  ex- St  cUTH tra  ponlem,  ftands  the  parifli  church  of  St.  Cuthbert ;  a  neat  ltrudure,  of  a  much  newer  R  RTpE’SB. afped  than  many  of  the  other  churches  in  town.  It  is  a  redory  aatiently  appropriated  to  holm. the  priory  of  Sc,  Trinity' in  lark.  This  was  a  parifli  church  at  the  conquelt,  and  then  in  the patronage  of  the  truly  antic  t  family  of  the  Percy’s ;  in  the  book  of  Dcwfday  it  is  thus  men¬ tioned,  in  Eboraco  civil  ale  ecclejia  finch  Cuthberti,  advocatio  Willielmi  Je  Percy  ah  Hu  gone co mile ,  &c.  (g). (b)  A  CATALOGUE  of  the  RECTORS  of  St.  CUTHBERT. Temp. inftit.  Restores  eccl. Anno. 1239  Ric.  de  Heton,  cap. 1288  Fr.  Reynerus.  .  . 1307  Rob.  de  Neuby,  acolitus. 1 3 1 6  Symon  de  Relford,  prefb. 1324  Hugo  de  Brounfeld,  cl. 1361  Walter  de  Thorpe,  cap. 1362  Nic.  fil.  Will.  Bayntings de  Swan  land. Joh.Moubray,  prefb. 1 399  Hen.  de  Ravenfwath,pr. 1401  Joh.  Clyvc  land,  prefb. 1402  Joh .  Ca ve,  prefb . 1406  Rob.  de  Lyncolne,  prefb. 1428  Joh.  Undewall,  prefb. Joh.  Bempton,  prefb. 1446  Will.  Clareburgh,  prefb. 1451  Tho.  Coly,  prefb. 145 1  Will.  Lavorock,  prefb. 1454  Joh.  Smythe,  prefb. J455  Joh.  Coke, prefb. 1457  Fr.  Tho.  Richmond, S.  T.  D.frat.  minor. 1467  Joh.  Alcocks,  cap. Anth.  Jocfon,  cler. 1585  Tho.  Corney,  cler. 1631  Mat.  Staynton,  cler. Will.  Dutton,  cler. 1644  Tho.  Morgate,  cler. 1661  Tobie  Newcombe,  cler. 1670  Will.  Loe,  cler. Patroni. Prior  et  convenlus  S.  Trin,  Ebor. Iidem. Iidem. Tidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Idem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Archiepifcopus  per  lap . Prior  et  convent. Iidem. Iidem. Elizabetha  reg. Car.  I.  rex. Idejn. Idem. Car.  II.  rex. Idem. Vac  at. per  refig. per  refig per  mort. per  mort. per  rejig: per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  refig. per  refig. per  refig. fir  refig. per  refig. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. (g)  Ex  MS.  fir  T.  W.  See  the  abftraft  in  the  appendix, (b)  Ex  MS.  Tone/.  ^05. 4  L (d)  Ex  MS.  Torre. (e)  Sic  in  MS, (f)  Sec  the  Seal  amongft  the  others. Monumental 3'4 Monk  war Book  I. the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES Monumental  INSCRIPTIONS  in  this  church. Pcwes  1  ’  ,-j.  0:a£c  p.’o  animate  ®tiil.  Bodies  fcnioj.  qtionuam  majoiis  rittifatie  Ctej.  qat  obtiC  . iMUmy,  6je  an,  sum.  spcccc  .  .  .  ct  3Jfabellc  uro.  rue,  qne  obtit  jrjrt*  tie mciiRa  aolii  3n.2>om.  ^CCCC.i**a.  quoium  animate  pjopitictur  SDtus.  amen. Dame!  if.70.  ^crt.  [j,E([j  tjjp  ijujj,  0f  Ingleby  Daniel,  ftjc  fan  of  lieutenant  Daniel,  tuljti  DieD  tije  f  of ^November,  1670. ARMS.  Argent,  a  pale  lozengee  fable ,  Daniel. Mandate  1619  here  lyeth  the  corps  of  Robert  Hungate  efquire ,  councellour  at  law  ■,  who  by  his  lajl  will  founded a  febool  at  Shereburn,  com.  Ebor.  and  gave  thirty  pound  yearly  to  the  mafler,  and  twenty 1,:  irks  to  the  ufher.  And  founded  there  an  bofpital  of  twenty  four  orphans  to  have  every  one five  pound  yearly  to  continue  for  ever  -,  and  was  a  belief aStor  to  this  parifh  -,  and  gave  every thirds  yearc  thirty  pound  to  a  preaching  minijtcr ,  to  preach  once  every  fabbath ,  and  to  catechize or.ee  in  the  week-day  in  this  church.  And  the  like  ftm  to  preach  and  catechize  in  Sandhutton church  and  Saxton  church,  to  continue  for  thirty  five yeares  after  his  death,  who  dyed  July  25, 1619.  And  this  thirty  pound  is  to  be  paid  by  Henry  Darley  efquire,  who  married  Margery Hungate  niece  of  the  faid  Robert,  who  was  executrix  of  the  faid  Robert.  And  this  Jlone  was layed  in  remembrance  of  the  faid  Robert  at  the  cofl  of  the  faid  Henry  Darley. ARMS.  A  chevron  engrailed  inter  three  hounds  fejant.  Hungate. Hungate  1 614  ppere  lyeth  the  body  of  Edmund  Hungate  gent,  fourth  fon  of  William  Hungate  late  of  Saxton  in the' county  of  Yorke  efquire,  which  Edmund  married  Jane  the  daughter  of  Richard  Belize*/. late  of  this  parifh-,  and  by  her  had  only  one  daughter  named  Katherine,  and  dyed  upon  Fri¬ day  the  23d  day  of  December  anno  Dom.  1641. ARMS.  Hungate.  Impaling,  a  fefs  ermine,  double  cottifed  inter  three  martlets.  Bell. B.-]i  ,  ;-,9  Here  lyeth  interred  the  body  of  Richard  Bell  efquire  counfellour  at  law,  late  of  this  parijh,  who married  two  wives,  the  one  Anne  daughter  of  John  Atkinfon  gent,  late  of  this  city,  by  whom he  had  only  one  daughter  named  Mary,  who  dyed  very  yotmge  -,  the  other  Katherine  yd  livinge, who  was  the  late  wife  and  reliB  of  John  Payler  efquire,  he  departed  this  life  the  7“  day  of October,  1639. Watkinfon 1666, Anniculus  vix  ultra proper  avi,  left  or, ac  tu  feftinas. Henricus  Watkinfon. H.  F. An.  Dom. 1 666. Watkinfon t712. Memoriae  facrum Venerabilis  et  egregii  viri  Hen.  Watkinfon  L  L.  D.  qui  officio  cancellariatu.  archiepifcopatus Ebor.  fumma  cum  fidelitate  et  honor e  per  xxxix  annos  funftus,  hie  bonis  omnibus  defidera- tiffimus  in  pace  requiefeit.  Obiit  ofto  kal.  Maii  anno  falutis  cio  dccxii  act.  fuae  lxxxiv. H.  S.  E. Watkinfon  Chriftopherus  Watkinfon  armiger,  Henrici  LL.D.  cancel,  diof.  Ebor.  flius.  Parentumde- i696-  liciae  et  dolor,  amicorum  voluptas  et  defiderium  -,  candore  amici,  vitaequeinnocentia,  peritia  le¬ gion  praefentis  patriae,  et  aeternae,  Vixit  hominibus ,  deceffit  Deo  grat us.  Frujlratriennium  pthi- fis  objedit  illius  inexpug nabilem  patientiam ,  qui  fana  valetudine  didicerat  mori.  Quod  erat  mor- tale  fere  vivus  depofuit,  nee  beatis  fedibus  erat  anima  minus  parata  quam  matura  deo.  Coelo fruebatur  3  die  Odtobris,  A.  D.  1696.  aet.fuae  30. Defideratiffimo  filio  moefliffimi  pofuerunt  parentes H.  E.  W. ARMS  in  the  windows,  1684. France  ferny  and  England  quarterly.  Edward  III. France  ferny  and  England  quarterly,  a  file  of  five  labels  par  pale  ermine  and  azure ,  each of  the  three  lait  charged  with  as  many  flower  de  lices  or.  J.  Plantagenet  duke  ol Bedford. France  ferny  and  England  quarterly  within  a  border  argent.  Humphrey  duke  of  Glo- cefter. Gules,  a  faltire  argent.  Nevil. Or,  a  lion  rampant  azure,  quarterly  gules,  three  lucies  hauriaut  argent.  Percy  and  Lucy. Merchants  of  the  Ifaple- Argent,  on  a  chief  fable,  three  flowers  de  lices  erm . Azure,  a  crofs  patonce  or. 3 1  y Monk  ward! Chap.  VII.  of  the  CIT  Y  of  YORK. Or,  on  a  bend  fable ,  three  mullets  arg.  .  .  . York  city. Argent,  a  cro fsgnles.  St.  George. Cheque  or  and  azure,  a.  border  gules,  charged  with  eight  lioncels  pafiant  gardant  of  the 'firll,  over  all  a  canton  ermine.  J .  Dreux  com.  Ricbmondiae. Sir  Martin  Bowes  lord-mayor  of  London,  1545,  gave  to  the  mayor  and  commonality  of this  city  fix  hundred  pound,  they  paying  one  pound  fix  (hillings per  annum  on  Martinmas day,  to  be  diftributed  in  bread  to  the  poor  of  this  purilh  ;  alio  live  (hillings  to  the  clerk, and  five  groats  a  piece  to  the  churchwardens  for  diftributing  the  bread  ;  four  (hillings  alfo to  the  minuter  for  a  homily  on  that  day,  and  fix  (hillings  to  fix  aldermen,  eacli  of  them twelve  pence  for  their  trouble,  in  feeing  this  his  bequeft  performed.  In  compliment  to  this fir  Martin  Bowes,  a  native  of  York,  and  a  confiderable  benefadtor  to  the  city,  the  lord-mayor and  aldermen,  every  Martinmas  day,  have  ufed  to  walk  in  prdeeffion  to  this  church,  to heat  a  fermon  ;  alter  which  they  go  to  the  altar,  where  the  lord-mayor,  aldermen,  the (word  and  mace  bearers  do  each  of  them  lay  down  a  penny,  and  take  up  twelve  pence , which  they  give  to  the  poor. An.no  13 .1 5,  2.1  I'.liz.  according  to  a  fpecial  aft  of  parliament  1  EdwardVl.  this  church of  St.  Ciitbbert  had  united  to  it  the  parifh  churches  of St.  Helene,  fuper  mitros,  in  Aldwark, St.  Mary  extra  I  .ayerthorp, All  faints  in  Peafeholm. Together  with  all  their  refpebtive  pariihes.  /.  s.  d. The  firftj  fyqits  of  it  in  die  king’s  books  . — ..  _  OQ  ,  . This  church  is  endowed  with  the  tithe  and  glebelands  in  Hewertb,  worth  forty  pound per  annum  ( i ). Mr.  Torre  finds  that  there  was  a  gild  or  fraternity  erefted  in  Peafeholm  in  the  parifh  of,  „ St.  Ciitbbert ;  and  licence  was  given  to  the  brethren  and  filters  thereof  to  caufe  divine  fer- vice  to  be  celebrated  by  one  chaplain  ftbmiffa  voce.  tin'sgiu And  Jan.  28,  1452,  a  commiffion  ilfuedoutto  John  bilhop,  of  Pbilipi,  to  confecrate  the chapel  of  the  faid  fraternity  or  gild  of  St.  Mary  and  Martin  the  confeffor,  and  the  princi¬ pal  altar  in  the  fame  newly  built  within  the  furl  parifii  church  of  St.  Cuthbert. The  hofpital  of  St.  Anthony  was  founded  about  two  hundred  years  ago,  lays  Leland  (k),  »■  Amtko- by  a  knight  of  Yorkjhire  called  John  Langton,  though,  adds  he,  fome  fay  he  was  mayor  0f  nr',  ball. York  (l).  The  fame  author  puts  this  down  as  one  of  the  remarkable  places  of  the  city  in  his time  ;  but  gives  no  account  ot  its  value,  nor  is  it  mentioned  in  the  Monajlicon.  After  the dilfolution  I  find  it  belonged  to  a  gild  or  fraternity  of  a  mailer  and  eight  keepers,  common¬ ly  called  ^Canton  pigs  1  who  gave  a  great  fealt  every  three  years,  I  luppofe  out  of  the  reve¬ nues  of  the  old  hofpital.  But,  1625,  this  fealt  was  diicontinued  and  the  faid  fellowlhip dilfolved. The  legendary  (lory  of  St.  Anthony  of  Padua  and  his  pig,  is  reprefented  in  one  of  the windows  of  the  church  of  St.  Saviour's.  The  brethren  of  this  houfe  ufed  to  goa  begging  in the  city  and  elfewhere,  for  they  were  mendicants,  and  ufed  to  be  well  rewarded  for  St.  An¬ thony's  fake.  But  if  they  were  not  relieved  every  time  with  a  very  full  alms,  they  grum¬ bled,  faid  their  prayers  backwards,  and  told  the  people  that  St.  Anthony  would  plague  them for  it.  There  is  an  inflammatory  cutaneous  difeafe,  well  known,  at  prefent,  by  the  name of  St.  Anthony’s  fire. ;  this  the  brethren  made  the  people  believe  the  faint  would  inflift  upon them  if  they  difobliged  him  ;  or  could  cure  them  of  it  by  his  merits.  In  time  they  had  fuch an  afcendancy  here,  and  the  patron  of  this  hofpital  was  held  in  fo  high  efteem,  that  when any  perfons  low  pigged,  one  was  fet  apart,  and  fed  as  fat  as  they  could,  to  give  to  St.  3nto< lie's  fl'trcs  ;  that  they  might  not  be  tormented  with  this  fiery  difeafe.  Thence  came  the proverb,  3s  fat  as  an  Sintonw  pig  (w). Anno  1  646,  the  whole  building  was  re-edifyrd,  and  the  city  made  it  a  place  for  the  im- prilonment  and  correflion  of  Idler  criminals.  Here  alfo  the  lower  claffes  of  trades  and  oc- pations  in  York,  who  have  no  particular  halls  to  meet  in,  have  each  a  diltina  table  adigned  B>»/<  of them.  There  1  a  noble  antient  room  belonging  to  this  houfe,  eighty  one  foot  by  twenty  re<9“"'' feven,  and  at  leaft  forty  high  to  the  roof,  being  an  admirable  frame  work  of  mafiy  timber  ; this  room  fome  time  fince  (erved  very  commodioufly  fora  playhoufe. Thurfday,  June  1 4,  1 705,  was  begun  and  opened  a  fchool  for  forty  poor  boys  in  this  hall, to  be  lodged,  douched,  ted  and  taught.  The  lodging  room  was  prepared  with  beds,  bed- ding,  fc? c.  the  kitchens  and  other  necelT.iry  rooms  was  prepared  and  furnifhed  witli  all  pro-  chmityfdml per  goods  and  utenfils  at  the  expence  and  charge  of  the  corporation.  The  fund  for  cloath- ing,  feeding  and  teaching  the  boys  was  laid  and  begun  by  a  voluntary  fubfeription  of  the clergy,  gentry  and  citizens ;  which  amounted  at  the  full  opening  of  the  fchool  to  one  hun- York ;  r!ie  laft  time  anno  1363. ( m)  Ex  MS  fir  T.  IV.  Bulinger  hofp.  Dr  Bearil. (i)  MS  Torre/.  890. (k)  Leland:  itin. (l)  This  John  Langton  was  nine  times  mayor  of dred 31<s Queen’s- STREET. Merchant Taylor's HALL. Hospital Gild. St.  Andrew gate. Church. School-houfe. Spenny- LANE. Aldwark. St.  Helen’* church. Gotheraj CATE. UCGLE- fORTH. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. dred  and  ninety  pounds  per  annum.  Their  flock,  has  been  fince  increafed  by  feveral  legacies and  donations-,  which,  with  a  lift  of  the  original  fubfcribers,  I  fhall  place  in  the  appendix ; with  the  number  of  boys  put  out  apprentices  to  failorS,  hulbandmen,  and  feveral  forts  of trades,  fince  the  firft  ir.ftitution  of  this  fchool  to  the  preJlnt  year. Anno  1707,  a  wool  market  was  let  up  in  this  green,  and  fome  poor  widows  who  had lodgings  in  St.  Anthony' s  hall  were  removed  to  St.  Thomas’s,  the  place  opened  for  laying  of wool  and  making  a  guard  room  for  the  foldiery.  I  have  now  done  with  the  prefent  ftate  of Peaidvlm-green,  and  fhall  fay  no  more  of  it  as  to  its  ancient  condition,  except  mentioning wh.,t  Leland  notes  in  his  fhoTt  lurvey  of  this  city,  that  the  noble  family  of  the  Bigots,  or Bigcd ,  of  Setleringt. n,  had  a  Hne  houfe  juft  within  Layrelhor p  e-gate and  by  it  was  an  hofpital of  their  foundation  nut,  adds  he,  tl.  ■  prefent  Sir  Francis  Bigot  let  both  the  hofpital  and  his houfe  all  run  to  ruin  (n). From  hence  vo  up  a  ftreet,  fometimes,  called  Queen’ s-Jlreet,  where  Philip  Saltmarjhy cfq;  dcfcendc  i  rrc  a  very  ancient  family  in  this  county  (0),  has  a  handfome  houfe  and  gar¬ dens.  The  houfe  Kite  alderman  Redman’s ,  but  much  enlarged  by  his  fon,  deferves  notice, and  is  dole  to  Tayior -hall  lane.  This  lane  carries  you  to  Merchant  taylor’s  hall ,  a  large  and handfome  ftru&ure  -  which  ferves,  both  for  the  meeting  of  that  comp  iny,  and  lately  for  the acting  of  ftage  plays  in.  I.  he  company  have  lately  erefted  a  fmall  hofpital  near  this  hall for  four  poor  brothers  or  lifters.  But  anciently  here  was  a  gilD  called  the  gilt),  or  fraternity of  the  myftery  of  taylors  in  York-,  it  was  inftituted  for  the  honour  of  God  and  St.  John  Bap- tijl ,  by  a  patent  of  the  31“  of  Henry  VI,  which  founds  this  gtlOj  and  gives  them  leave  to buy  lands  to  the  value  T  c  >.  per  annum ,  for  the  ftiftentation  of  a  chaplain,  and  the  poor brothers  and  filters  of  it.  The  patent  is  large,  and  recites  the  reafon  of  this  foundation, with  other  matters  too  copious  for  me  to  infer t(p). St.  Andrew-gate  faces  this  lane,  which  ftreet  takes  its  name  from  the  parifh  church  of  St. Andrew,  which  formerly  was  in  it.  This  church  was  appropriated  to  the  revenues  of  the the  dean  and  chapter  of  York,  being  elteemcd  one  of  their  great1' farms*,  at  2  s.  rent  p^r  an¬ num.  It  was  united,  as  has  been  faid,  toS.  Saviour’s.  The  fabrick  is  yet  (landing,  and  lias had  the  honour  to  have  been  converted  into  a  liable  at  one  end,  and  a  brothell  at  the  other. However,  fince  that,  it  has  lately  been  fitted  up,  and  now  ferves  for  a  nobk  r  purpofe,  being made  ufe  of  for  a  fchool-houfe  to  the  foundation  of  Philip  and  Mary ,  already  mentioned  to have  been  anciently  in  Horfe-fair. From  this  ftreet  runs  a  lane  called  Spenny-lane  into  St.  Saviour  gate. Aldwark,  carries  an  indelible  mark  of  antiquity  in  its  name.  Wherever  our  anceftors the  Saxons  beftv.wed  the  appellation  e:lb,  old ,  it  mull  certainly  allude  to  fomething  b  'lore their  time.  Aldwark  l  take  to  denote  a  Roman  building,  a  much  as  A  id  borough  a  Roman (lation.  In  another  part  of  this  work,  I  have  placed  the  imperial  palace  of  the  Roman emperors,  when  r  f  lent  in  this  city,  to  begin  from  Chrift-church  and  terminate  here.  A  pa- 1:  •  church  ■  dicated  to  St.  Helene  the  mother  of  Conjtantine  the  great  once  Hood  here,  in  a place,  now  a  g.  . .  n,  next  the  walls. (q)  1  jic  church  oi  St.  Helene ,  or  Elene ,  in  Aldwark ,  or  was  anciently  a redtory  of  medieties,  and  the  patronage  thereof  belonged  to  the  Graunts ,  Salvaynes  and Langtons.  The  twolaft  prefented  by  turns,  till  the  Langtons  had  the  Idle  prefentation  to  it by  the  name  of  a  mediety.  An.  1585,  it  was  united  to  S.  Cuthbert.  In  this  church,  ’tis laid,  was  found  the  fepulcher  of  Conjlantius  Chlortis ,  with  a  lamp  burning  in  it ;  of  which I  have  cllewhere  treated. Goodramgate,  or  rather  Guthrumgate,  very  probably,  took  its  name  from  Guthrum  a  da- nijh  general  ■,  who  after  their  invafion  and  conqueft  was  made  governor  of  the  city  and  the northern  parts  ;  and  lived,  I  fuppofe,  in  the  regal  palace  contiguous  to  it.  He  is  alfo,  in ancient  hiftorians,  called  Gurmond ;  and  I  have  met  with  the  name  of  this  ftreet  in  records to  be  <©utljccmunl3^gate  (r)  ;  which  is  compounded  of  both  his  names,  and  is  an  undeniable evidence  of  the  jultnels  of'this  etymology. Monk-bar  Hands  at  one  end  of  this  ftreet,  a  handfome  port,  with  a  good  quantity  of  large grit  Hones  in  the  foundation  to  denote  it  ancient,  as  well  as  the  arms  of  old  France  quar¬ tered  with  England  on  the  battlements  without.  This  gate  was  formerly  made  ufe  of  for  a prifon  for  freemen.  Here  are  two  large  inns  near  it,  the  minjler ,  and  the  red-Iyon. Uggle-forth ,  comes  from  the  clofe  of  York ,  or  Minjlcr-yard ,  into  Gothram-gate.  The name  feems  to  derive  itfelf  from  Anglo-Saxon  Otehc,  deformis ,  ugly,  and  Fi  p&,  or  Teut. iructij,  vadum ,  a  pafiage  ;  but  why  it  got  this  appellation  I  know  not.  The  ftreet  is  little, but  there  are  now  few  in  the  city  better  built.  But  I  have  receiveda  more  noble  derivation  of this,  alfo,  ftrange  name  of  a  ftreet  from  Dr.  Langwilh  ;  who  imagines  it  might  come  from the  Britijh,  uchel,  high,  and  forth,  pronounced  forth,  agate;  fome  grand  entrance  having been  anciently  this  way  into  the  clofe ;  the  regal  palace  being  near  it. (n)  Lclandi  itin.  (q)  Ex  MS.  Torre. (0)  Saltmar/I?,  or  de  Salfo  Marifco.  Petrus  de  Salfo  (r)  Amongft  fome  old  records  in  the  cuftody  of  Bryan Marifco  was  high  Ihcriff  of  this  county  6  Edro.  III.  Fairfax,  e% (p)  Fat.  31  Hen.  VI.  p.  2.  m.  11. Beddnre, Chap.  VII. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. 3' Beddern ,  anciently  a  college  belonging  to  the  vicars  choral,  is  alfo  contiguous  to  Goth  ram  Monk  wap.' gate-,  buc  this  claims  another  place.  Beddern‘ The  church  of  Sr.  Trinity  in  Gotheram-gate  is  an  ancient  re&ory,  Formerly  confiding  of  Church  of two  medieties  •,  the  patronage  of  the  one  belonging  to  the  prior  and  convent  of  Durham  jSt.TRiNn  r and  the  other  to  the  archbifhops  of  York . But,  temp.  Hen.  III.  Thomas ,  prior,  with  the  confent  of  the  convent  of  Durham ,  confi- dering  that  the  one  mediety  without  the  other  was  not  fufficient  for  the  maintenance  of  the incumbent,  determined,  at  the  fpecial  inftance  of  Walter  archbifhop  of  York,  to  have  the fame  confolidated.  Whereupon  they  transferred  all  the  right  they  had  in  one  mediety  to  the free  difpofal  of  the  faid  archbifhop  to  be  by  him  difpofed  of  to  pious  ufes,  as  he  fhould  think wood.  After  which  both  medieties  were  converted  into  one  re&ory,  at  the  foie  collation  of the  archbifhops  of  York  and  their  fucceffors. The  churches  of  St.  Maurice  in  Monk  gate,  and  St.  John  del  Pyke,  were  united  to  St.  Tri¬ nity ,  Gotheram-gate ,  anno  1585.  h  s-  d Thus  valued  in  the  king’s  books.  Firft  fruits  -  -•  1  04  07  06 Tenths  - -  -  00  08  09 Procurations  - -  - - -  00  06  02 Restores  eccl. Temp, injlit. Anno 12 36  Gilbertus,  cape//. (s)  A  C  ANALOGUE  of  the  RECTORS  of  this  church. There  were  formerly  three chantries  belonging  to  this  church Wandesford’i  chantry. (t)  The  firft  founded  by  Elyas de  Wandesford,  cler.  who  having obtained  the  king’s  licence  to authorize,  &c.  gave  two  mef- fuages  in  York  to  a  certain  chap¬ lain,  and  his  fucceffors  for  ever, to  celebrate  divine  ferviCe  dai¬ ly  at  the  altar  of  St.  Nicolas  in this  church  •,  for  his  own  foul, and  the  fouls  of  all  faithful  de- ceafed.  The  prefentation  was in  the  mayor  and  commonalty of  York.  1.  s.  d. Value  at  the  diffolu-7 ic 12 75  Tho.  Cokerell,  prejh. 1280  Rob.  deHoltham,  prejh. 1289  Hugo  de  Wyleby,  prejb. 1293  Will,  de  Kirketon,  prejh. J33°  J°h.  de  Caftleford,  cap. Joh.  de  Scorthingwell. 1339  Rob.  de  Rifhton. 1341  Will,  de  Skipwith,  cler. 1349  Tho.  Folkerthorpe,  cap. Will,  de  Allerton. 1361  Joh.  de  Grantham. 1362  Elyas  de  Thorefby. 1362  Joh.  Luke. Nic.  de  Cave,  prejh. 1400  Will.  Pharon  :  epife. 1 41 1  Tho.  Wyotte,  prejh. 1420  Joh.  Bryan,  cler. 1423  Joh.  Burnell,  fubdec. Joh.  .  .  .  Philip :  epife. 1453  Will.  Laverock,  cap. Joh.  Walker. 1481  Rob.  Hikfon,  prejh. 1493  Tho.  Smythe,  prejh. 1509  Nic.  Robinfon,  prejh. 1512  Rob.  Thomlinfon. Joh.  Holme,  prejb. 1546 . 1569  Joh.  Myton,  cler. 1586  Hugo  Hicks,  cler. 1605  Will.  Sadler,  cler. Chrift.  Hutchenfon,  cler. 1633  Arthur  Scott,  S.T.B. Patroni. Vacat. Archiep.  Ebor. Prior,  et  conv. Dunelm. Archiep.  Ebor. Idem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. per  rejig. Iidem. Iidetn. per  mart. Iidem. per  refig. Iidetn. per  mort. Iidem. per  refig. Iidem. per  refig. Iidem. Iidem. per  mort. Iidem. per  mort. Iidem. per  rejig. Iidem. per  rejig. Iidetn. Iidem. per  rejig. Iidem. Iidem. per  mort. Iidetn. per  refig. Iidetn. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. per  mort. Iidem. per  mort. Eliz.  reg.  fede per  mort . vac. Archiep.  Ebor. per  mort. Iidetn. Iidem. per  depriv. Iidem. per  rejig. Iidetn. joi  04  00 Langtoftfr  chantry. (u)  William  de  Eangtoft ,  vi¬ car  choral  of  the  cathedral  church of  'York ,  having  obtained  the archhifhop’s  licence,  anno  1315, erefted  certain  edifices  on  the fouth  fide  of  this  church-yard  of St.  Trinity,  in  length  twenty  feet, and  fixteen  or  more  in  breadth, where  no  corps  was  heretofore buried  j  and  leaving  fufficient room  in  the  refidue  of  the church-yard  for  burials,  he  ap¬ plied  the  rents  thereof  to  the finding  of  a  perpetual  chantry  of St.  Mary  and  ordained  that  the chaplain  admitted  thereto  ffiould be  collated  by  the  archbifhop  and his  fucceffors ,  patrons  of  this church  j  and  to  be  one  in  prieft’s orders.  Yielding  his  prefence every  day  at  mattins  and  vefpers celebrated  in  this  church  •,  and  alfo  at  our  lady’s  mafs,  with  notes ,  celebrated  every  fabbath- day  continually.  He  fhall  alfo  fay  daily  the  placebo  and  dirige,  together  with  the  commen- (s)  Ex  MS.  Torre,  fol.  1.  Guliel .archiep.  Ebor.  dedit  The  original  of  this  chantry  is  amongft  our  records, vtoimclm  S.  Cuthberti  Dunclm.  ecclef.  S.  Trinitatis  in  civit.  drawer  5 . Ebor.  Lei.  coll.  tom.  I.  p.  585.  ( « )  Iidetn  autofts. (0  Ex  MS. Torre  et  Dodfworth.  Pat.  2  Ed-  III.  m.26. 4  M  cation 4 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. Monk  ward  dation  and  fervice  of  the  dead,  for  the  fouls  of  all  faithful  deceafed.  And  fhall  befides  fup- port  the  buildings  of  the  fame  chantry,  and  repair  and  rebuild  the  fame  as  need  fhall /.  j.  d. require. Yearly  value oi  12  oo (x)  Howm’i  chantry. Robert  Howm ,  merchant  of  York ,  by  his  will  bearing  date  and  proved  ult.  Sept.  1396.  ap¬ pointed  that  his  executors  fhould  pay  into  the  hands  of  the  dean  and  chapter  of  York  four hundred  pound;  for  them  to  ordain,  within  one  years  (pace  after  his  death,  a  perpetual chantry  for  one  priefl  daily  to  celebrate  at  the  altar  of  our  lady  in  the  cathedral  church  of York,  to  pray  for  his  foul  and  the  fouls  of  his  two  wives  Margaret  and  Katherine.  And  to pay  him  the  Hilary  of  twelve  marks  per  ann.  And  furthermore  willed,  that  if  the  faid  dean and  chapter  did  not  perform  the  conditions  within  the  limited  time,  that  then  his  executors might  employ  the  faid  money  to  the  founding  of  a  chantry  for  him  in  the  faid  cathedral, or  any  other  church  at  their  diferetion.  Who  according  to  the  power  lodged  in  them,  up¬ on  failure  of  the  dean  and  chapter,  it  l'eems,  founded  the  faid  chantry  for  him  at  the  altar  of St.  James  the  apoftle  in  this  church.  /_  ^ Yearly  value  -  -  -  - .  03  02  04 Monumental  INS  C  R  I P  I  IONS. Qiios  deus  conjunxit  concede Ut  in  coelis  congaudeant. Dalton  1605.  Here  lyeth  buried  Theophane  Dalton,  who  was  one  of  the  daughters  of  John  Brooke  of  Killing- holme  in  the  county  of  Lincoln,  efquire ,  and  was  the  dearly  beloved  wife  of  William  Dalton of  the  city  of  York,  efq ;  and  had  ijfue  by  him  two  fans ,  Thomas  and  John  Dalton,  and  three daughters ,  viz.  Anne,  Mary,  and  Katherine,  of  whom  Jhe  died  in  child-bed.  She  was  much lamented  of  all ,  for  Jhe  was  charitable  and  wife  -,  and  fa  Jhe  lived  godly ,  and  dyed  happily  the 1 8,h  of  February  1605.  aet.  fuae  34. Dauby  1458  P2°  anima  'iJjomc  SDaubp  quonoam  majors  cibitafis  <£bo;.  qui  obiit  fertio  Die Lord-mayor  menfis  93ati  SI,  Dorn.  21&,CCCC3Ua3l3l3l.  €t  St^atilDc  uro:is  ej ns,  que  obitt  quarto  Die 1 45 2-  ^anuarii  E>om.  spCCCC.L3!3i.  quo:um  animabus  p^opitietur  Dcus.  amett. Youie.  ^  line  jacet  Bjoijanties  ^oule  quottDam  cibis  et  mereato?  <£boj.  cujus  antmc  pjopitietur HDeus.  Smeii. WILLIAM  RICHARDSON, Alderman ,  late  lord -tn  ay  or  of  York  refteth  under. Bayl.  1367. Richardfon 1679.  Lord- mayor  1671. Here  lyeth  loyalty  and  love , The  choicejl  graces  fent  from  above. One  who  was  pious ,  prudent ,  juft, The  poor  man's  friend ,  in  facred  duft. If  in  this  life  perfection  be, AJk  for  the  man ,  lo  !  this  is  he. Ob.  28  Aug.  1670. Elyot  16S9.  Here  lyes,  in  hope  of  a  joyfid  refurrellion ,  the  body  of  Lyonel  Elyot,  youngeft  fan  of  Thomas Elyot  efq-,  groom  of  the  bed-chamber  to  king  Charles  II.  who  departed  this  life  the  25th  of May  1689,  aetat.  fuae  25. Loe  1678.  Hie  jacet  corpus  Willielmi  Loe  artium  liberahum ,  liberaeque  fcholae  quae  eft  inter  faptum  cathe - dr  ale  nuper  magiflri ;  bitjus  eccleftae  necnon  illius,  quae  Janffi  Cuthberti  memoria  dicata  eft , rdtoris.  Obiit  16.  die  Junii  A.  D.  1678. Deunis  1678.  In  memoriam  facram  domini  Ricardi  Dennis  almae  curiae  confiftorialis  Eborum  procurators  -, pars  cujus  lerreno  fub  hoc  monumento  recumbit ,  a  morte  in  vitam  donee  advenit  Domini  extre¬ mum  judicium  non  revocanda.  Obiit  24.  die  Decembris,  an.  Dom.  1678. Biliingham  Here  lyes  the  body  of  Henry  Billingham  efq-,  of  Whitwell  of  the  hill  -,  who  died]  une  15,  1703, 1703.  aged  S3. Andciton  Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Richard  Anderton,  late  furgeon  of  the  city  of  York,  who  died  July  r. 1666,  aged  59. 1666. INSCRIPTI  ON  S  and  ARMS  which  are  or  were  in  the  windows  of  this  church. .f,  £>.:atc  pjo  animabus  CEIillielmi  Eljotpe  cf  3fabcllc  uroris  fuc,  et  omnium  libcro.:um  lira- rum,  necnon  omnium  bcncfacto’um. Egrcmond. 4.  State  p:o  Ultima  Domtni  Willielmi  QcgremonO  cibis  <£boj. ^  ffljatc  pjo  animabus  Joljanms  ISillac fuojum,  necnon  omnium  benefanotum. ( x )  Four  original  deeds  belonging  to  this  chantry  arc  in  drawer  4,  Ou/'-&ridgt. urotis  rue,  ac  omnium  liberojum Argent Argent ,  a  chevron  fable  inter  three  mullets  or  ^  ^ “■■■■  *  «■* «. .  m,  iOTi. England.  Gules  three  water  budgets  argent.  Rojfe. Quarterly,  gules  and  or,  in  the  firft  gules  a  mullet  of  fix  points  pierced  arrerv  IW- Cities,  a  lyon  rampant  argent.  Mowbray.  *  g  ‘  ' Or,  a  lyon  rampant,  azure.  Percy. Paly  of  fix  or  and  gules. Cities ,  a  crofs  patonce  or.  Latimer. A  chevron  between  three  chaplets  b  cut  in  ftone  againft  one  of  the  fouth  pillars. (y)  Mrs.  Jane  JVright  by  her  will  dated  December  9  r  „ Gotbsram-gate  the  fum  of  one  thoufand  pound  to  purchafe  finds2  r7  °f employed  as  follows:  putcnale  lands,  the  rents  thereof  to  be haS^hS' r°hrn?r  T  T  and  girIs  b0rn  and  in-r  Wrisht’' men  oAhefaidparifh  (hall  thinicfiPtP  ’  min“ler’  churcl’-wardens  and  veftry And  if  the  whole  rents  lhall  not  be  laid  out  in  placing  bovs  and  <rirl«  rh  !  cj yearly  be  employed  towards  the  relief  of  poor  widowsor  houfe kJ‘ ’  Ae".the  refld,ue (aid  panlh,  and  lor  and  towards  helping  fuch  of  the  poor  bovs  a  nd  f  i  ‘"harbltlng  In  t,le drip  lhall  be  expired,  tofet  up  theif  trfd“  n Xo  ^  y  "  ofatrf  th  ' table  ways  as  the  laid  minifter  and  churchwardens,  E*.  (hall  Vr  y  find  caufe  lo but  not  many  other  manner  whatfoever.  Provided  ihat  if  the  mlnirnA  u  t  f  ’  f*’ ncgleft  to  employ  the  rents  to  the  ufes  aforefaid,  that  then  the  lands  ’  churcb'wardens>  £*• Cbrijl’s  hofpital  in  Loudon,  to  the  rife  of  the  poor  children  therein.  S°  t0  thC  Sov'ernors  of She  alfo  gave  the  refidue  and  remainder  of  all  her  leafes  debts  and  i  r her  debts  and  funeral  charges  being  firft  oaid  and  dpd.„qJi  °  a  ,  eftate  wha^oever, S“vens  to  be  by  them  wit?  the Xe aS confent  of  he  ^ this  parilh  difburfed  and  laid  out  in  the  purchafe  ofl  ,nd  A  *  and  church-wardens  of life  and  ends,  as  the  lands  and  tenements  to  be  purchased  with  leTooo/‘S  C!!arr,ity’ foie  executors.  By  which  loft  chufr  of  the  will  th  meiooof,  and  appointed  them the  paridi  of  St.  Ainity,  GollL^efo btainedfo’r  °f gale,  yielding  feven  pounds  per  annum,  and  about  five  hundred  and  fift  houle  m  Gotheram- all  charges  dedufted,  over  and  above  the  12  ™ndred  and  fifty  pounds  in  money, which  is  laid  out  by  the  minifler  and  church-wardens  of' th?mariA  ’  f purchafe  of  lands  in  Ruffortb  and  Poppleton  yielding  yeirlvfr!  f  f  ,'n,the a it  sawft « •*—»-.  - 1  lhall  take  leave  of  this  church  with  obfervincr  iW  Jr  *  • or  great  antiquity,  (lore  of  grit  being  wrought  up’  in  its  knl  f°  T“y  marks plainly  diew  the  extream  heat  of  that  genera]  contention  in  °.f  ™hlch  does  buc  t00 burnt  down  thirty  fix  parifh  wh'ch  '«*•  "*■  S“th- P¥^e  £ 'I5  “lf0  gf0t  “  ^  3  th0r0Ugh-&- cathedral,  it  is  a  Jong  ftm“ex tending  fro^l  M na”fj  fr°m  Its  neighbourhood  to  the4**  ^ to  high,  Ltd  and  is  divided  in- able  lave  one  built  a  few  years  fince  by  Mr  TohnShm,  *  "  -thlS  ftreeti  but  none  remark- Tork.  It  (lands  about  tlJmidftof  the  KMn*  VT°i  °f  the  “Urt  at where  this  houfe  and  fine  gardens  now  extend  was  hpfnre  o  •  ’  °fIJew^ac  backwards  •,  and one  of  the  moft  ancient  timber  buildings  that  was  then  in  th^ r >°  d  a”’  ,Called  the  rdbot ; high  Petcr-gate  ftands  &  then  In  the  c,ty-  A‘  the  upper  end  of regl  "  fty'ed  m¥a  S-  ™  »  Ca„!T )y  denotes,  that  tffe  old  ™s  tit.e  plain-  S“"'. piace.  I  here  is  a  houfe  in  the  neighbourhood  of  th/chnmh  T-  k’  urcached  ta  thlSK,  ■ forefathers  was  called  »ulw*UfcJ§I .  the  king’s  houfe  at  fork  was  heremfore  rTl'd^  °“rCo«r. man  Juum  de  Toftfz ),  in  after  vears  ir  hnrl  fi,J  cnt.  was  Heretofore  called  mane- (Ivied  aula  regie.  The  Roman  imperial  palace  was mad’efihe’r “  Tl7  oncient  reCords mjh  kings  of  Northumberland ;  then  of  the  earls  till  the  r  h  ¥  n5e  °f  d,e  Saxon  and  Da- bsrland,  temp.  reg.  Ed  conf  had  his  mlare  “  A  "n-,the  “nq“e»  i  &r  Tcjl,  earl  of  North, m,- pulace  (a).  '  Af^r  the  clqueft  Kme  ^ Xt by  -raged  po- refidence  was  feldom  at  Pork,  we  may  imagine  the  hnilHi  ur ^nZWf>  kings,  but  as  their fled.  From  them  it  probably  came  k  die§  dukes  of  rJ**  “  nT  b?ATy  much  neSIe' feem  to  imply  (b).  or^>  as  Duke-gild-ball  may  very  well (y )  Ex  MS.  penes  mt.  A  copy  of  the  will. (*)  Ex  Ate.  nr  T. IV. («)  Vide  annates  fub  an.  1066. (  6  Thc  houre  at  prelent  is  in  the  poMon  of  the  ci- The 4 "The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. „  Thechurch  of  St.  trinity,  in  curia  regie,  was  an  ancient  reftory  belonging  fome  time  to the  patronage  of  the  family  of  the  Bafiyes,  and  afterwards  came  to  the  lords  A™/  earls  ot Wefimoreland;  and  was  given  by  Ralph  earl  of  Weflmoreland  Julug  anm _I4>4,  to  his  new founded  hofpital  at  Well.  This  Ralph  procured  of  Henry  archb.fhop  of  York  the  appro¬ priation  of  CfjrittlW  cl)tCCf)C  tit  Conynge^arO,  to  the  mailer,  brethren  and  lifters  of  his i  hoi- uital.  And  in  recompence  of  the  damage  done  to  his  cathedral  church  theieby,  he  reifortd out  of  the  fruits  hereof  to  himfelf  and  fucceffors  archbifhops,  the  annual  penfion  of  thjr- teen  fhillinvs  and  four  pence,  and  to  his  dean  and  chapter  ten  (hillings,  payable  by  the  laid hofpital  at ° Martinmas  and  Penlecojl  ;  and  alfo  three  (hillings  and  four  pence  per  annum,  by them  to  be  diftributed  amongft  the  poor  of  this  parifh. And  furthermore  ordained,  that  there  be  in  the  fiime  a  perpetual  fecular  vicar  to  ferve the  cure  thereof,  who  lhall  be  prefentable  by  the  faid  earl,  during  his  life,  and  by  the mailer  brethren,  and  fillers  of  the  faid  hofpital  after  his  deceafe,  paying  to  the  laid  vicar quarterly  twelve  marks  per  annum.  And  lhall  bear  all  ordinary  and  extraordinary  charges whatfoever,  which  lhall  be  incumbent  on  the  church,  whereof  the  vicar  lhall  be  totally  tree, excepting  the  charge  of  finding  Jtraw  in  winter,  and  green  rujhes  infummer  for  ftrewing  the church  according  to  the  common  ufe  of  churches  (c). A  CATALOGUE  of  the  RECTORS  of  CHRIST-CHURCH. Temp. injlit.  Restores  eccl. Anno 1308  Joh.  Lutterell,  cler. 1310  Hen.  de  Hotham,  cler. 1343  Petr,  de  Langton ,  diac. 1349  Nich.  de  Burton,  cler. 1371  Joh.  de  Kirketon,  cler. 1412  Joh.  Kippax,  prep. Vicarii  ecclefiae. I414  Joh.  de  Berwykes,  prep. 2425  Joh.  Heryng,  prefb. 1453  J°h.  Biker,  prejb. 1482  Tho.  Metcalfe,  cap. 1 50S  Tho.  Smythe,  prejb. 1523  Tho.  Threplande,  prejb. 2529  Tho.  Taylier,  prejb. 1535  Joh.  Stapleton,  prejb. 1550  Joh.  Baitman,  cler. 1569  kob.  Burland,  prep. 1 575  Hen.  Fifher,  cler. 1576  Joh.  Motte,  cler. 1577  Joh.  Prefton,  cler. 1631  Tim.  Jackfon,  cler. 1635  Elyas  Hutchenfon,  cler. 1638  Tho.  Calvert,  cler.  A.  M. Patroni. Bom.  Gualt.  Lutterel,  mil. Raynerus  Bafcy. Hamo  Bafcy. Katherina  Bafcy,  Vid. Ric.  Bafcy. Rad.  com.  Weftmorland, Magijl.  et  frat.  bofp.  de  Welle, Iidem. Ttderrt. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Iidem. Ric.  Smerthwait. Magijl.  et  Jr  at.  befp.  de  Welle. Iidem. Eorundem  affignati. Magijl.  et  frat.  bofp.  de  Welle. Iidem. Tidem. Vacat. per  mart, per  inort. per  mart, per  viorl . per  refig. per  inort. per  inort. per  mort. per  inort. per  inort. per  inort. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  rejig, per  mort. per  mort. per  rejig. Royfton’s  chantry. (A)  There  was  a  chantry  founded  in  this  church  of  St.  Trinity  in  curia  regis  at  the  altar  of St.  James  the  apoftle,  for  the  fouls  of  Roger  de  Royfton  and  Dionyfia  his  wife. Barnby’.!  chantry. Anno  11578.  (e)  John  Ferrihy. and  John  de  Broddefworth,  feoffees  to  Richard  de  Barnby,  ci¬ tizen  of  dork,  affigned  certain  lands  to  the  dean  and  chapter  and  their  fucceffors  for  the finding  of  a  fit  chaplain  to  celebrate  daily,  £*.  in  the  church  of  St.  Trimly  in  curia  regis for  the  fouls  of  Richard  de  Barnby,  Alice  his  wife,  £*.  at  the  altar  of  St.  Peter  and  St.Pna/. Which  was  accordingly  ordained,  with  one  chit,  and  two  wax  candles  to  burn  upon  his tomb  on  the  day  of  the  celebration  of  it.  Confirmed  Jan.  10,  1378.  t.  s.  a Value  at  the  diifolution  - -  * - tv.  In  fome  old  deeds  I  have  met  with  the  name  of  a place  called  lC-  mctCCttS  to  have  been  in  Peter-gate  ;  tres Jbofpe  e n  le  lUCVCCrtS,  jacentes  fuper  cornerium  tie  Glover- lane.  It  feems  by  this  to  have  been  a  place  then  occu¬ pied  by  the  mercers. (c)  Ex  MS.  Torre,  fol.  105. (4)  Ex  MS.  Torre.  Put-  H-  Ed.  II.  m.  30. Lond. (  e  )  Ex  eoilem  et  Dodf. Turn. Langton Chap.  VII. vf  the  CITY  of  YORK. Langton'j  chantry. (f)  There  was  another  chantry  founded  in  this  church  at  the  altar  of  St.  Mary  the  vim,, by  the  executors  of  'John 3  Ton  of  Nicholas  Langton.  /  ,  0  J leariy  value  - . 1  -  05  17  04 Percy’s  chantry. Or.)  There  was  another  chantry  founded  in  this  church  at  the  altar  of  St  Thomas  the martyr  by  fome  of  the  family  of  the  Percy’s,  earls  of -Northumberland,  lor  they  were  pa¬ trons  of  it. Monumental  INSCRIPTIONS. I^ic  j'accf  Johannes  3Eo!Dtbo:pe  qttonDam  bicccomcs  tjnjus  cibitatis,  cf  39argarctta  uro’ cjtia,  qui  qmDcm  Johannes  obitt  mi  Die  mends  J!ob.  a  ®.  ®.<CCCC.  ttSs?  tin  if-  To'vthorP= ltelmus  ffoUifljospc  tf  Jfabella  uroj  fua,  quotum  animabus  pjopitictur  Sens.  amen.  Xif  He7. *  ®,afe  3,11,113  >?ei,cici  ffiiothcr,  qui  obiit  20  Die  mends  Julit  a.  ®.  1 505.  cujus  amt  Brother me,  ?c.  5 Hicjacet  Thomas Rogerfon,  Mr1  probus ,  iniftericors,  et  in  arte  fua  perUiffimus,  fcribtt  com-  Ro„e,fon mums  hujus  emtahs  et  clencus  de  JIatutis  mercatoriis  .  .....  dominis  Tms  Mr- lijfimus ,  et  hide  parochiae  benefactor.  J  J  1 ^  *acc*  <2?aunt  cibts  ct  merrafo;  fl&fao;tint  ct  3gncs  ujro?  ej us  et  dParaavetta nlia  eo.umocm,  qut  Kobertus  obiit  m  Die  menfis  martii#,  jD.  CCCC*  cjtt  auipiuti Gaunt  I4°7‘ animabus,  $c.  4UUyUm mimn moS‘a“  33mcro,,■  ‘Juon03m iffius  cibitatis Cbojum,  qui obllt  W  Die  mends  0pnllS  a.®.  39.  CCCCC.  JSJJUJ.  ’  Jamefom;27 ^  W°  3"ln2  ®llIllelml  ©jmfliebe  quonbam  majojis  iffius  cibitatis  Cbojurn,  qui  obiit 1  s°4-  ' Wit  Die  mends  aeptembtts  a.  ®.  39.  CCCC.mriEijj.  et  pro  animabus  dene  jo‘°ri panne  et  2gnctts  upojum  cjus  p}o  quibtis  omnibus  Dicatur  Pater  Noster  et  Ave  i4’1' ' Maria  ut  eis  pjopitictiic  ®eus  in  fccula  infinifa.  amen.  J".”’" >{<  ®jatc  pro  anima  adorns  Cobipcr  carntficis. ^  ISic  jacct  Ehomao  Bjrfec  nttreer  nuper  maw  cibitatis  <fcbo*.  qui  obiit  ip  sir  mends  J'T*' aptilis  a.®.  a9.Cu.C1E.m3j.  etaiitia  upo;  cjus,  quae  obiit  rii  Die  mends  rKy'.,cc'442- a.  a?,  spccccmjtsiquojurn.frc.  enlS  •  •  ffvv hP  flic  jacct  John  usolfou  carpen  tart  us. Here  lyeth  the body of, Mr .Timothy  SquireW&W^,  late  fheriff  of  this  city,  who  was  born  ^  '' 27  tb  or  March.  l6r7.  and  daimrtpJ  tUir  i:t~  o*i.  .r  uurn  Squire  1666. Sheriff  1663. '  ri«  >  1  T  uue  jnenjj  oj  this  city ,  who zytb  of  March,  1617,  and  departed  this  life  the  Sth  of  October,  1666. Here  alfi  lyeth  the  body  of  Mr.  Timothy  Squire  late  of  this  city  merchant,  fan  of  she  above named  Mr.  Timorhv  Snmrc  ™hn  d* r.r.  r  ’ J  cwove j  *r  V-  ,  7  .  j  “j  cuymerc named  Mr.  Timothy  Squire,  who  departed  this  life  June Hodie  mihi  eras  tibi. Hie  jacet  Henricus  Tireman  de  civitate  Ebor.  major. Ptr  integer  vitae,  ftcclerifque  purus ; Dei  fervus,  ft delis  regis  fubditus,  vents  ecclefiae Anglicanae  _/i/i&i ,  filiorum  pater paternus. Pads  aeque  ac  charitatis  alumnus. Omnibus  amicus. Obiit  decimo  nono  die  Decembris  i6yi.  aet.fuae  68. Francifcus  Elcock Hujus  civitalis  nuper  praetor  digniJJimus  -, Vir  eerie  (ft  quis  alius )  probus  et  pius  ; Hoc  fub  lapide  juftorum  refturreSlionem  expeltat. Ob.  2  6  061.  1686.  Aet.  ftuae  65. 682, Squire  1682 Tireman  167 Lord  m. j  or i66d. Elcock  i6S£ Lord-mayor 1677. Value  in  the  king’s  books. Firft  fruits /.  s.  d. 05  06  08 Near  Chrijl  church  are  the  Jh, ambles,  great  and  little,  called  antiently  ffiiqh  mnnLrLtl  c andloto  mausersafcw;  at  the  end  of  the  little  ihambles  is  intffonX*  ScUt “he  lower  1“’^ :nfdth° ItlllZZ:  °VeragainftCra^W’  is  a  noted  tavern, (/)  Iidem.  The  original  of  this  is  amoneft  the  city’s records,  broad  box  numb.  6. (S)  Torre- [h )  Torre  and  Dodf. (i)  From  the  French  word  manger  to  eat, 4  N”  fubber-gatc 311 Monk  ward J  u  B  E  E  R-* Gate. Newgate. Patrick- fool. Svvinegate Bennet RENTS. Girdler - GATE. Church  of  St. Sampson. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookT. J ubbcr  gate,  or  rather  %ubret;gatc,  as  I  have  feen  it  in  an  old  record,  carries  fome  me¬ morial  of  the  Jews  refiding  formerly  in  this  ltreet.  Tradition  tells  us  that  their  fynagogue was  here,  and,  indeed,  the  north  fide  of  the  flreet  fhews  a  great  deal  of  old  walling,  which mi^ht  belong  to  fome  fuch  building.  Of  thefe  peoples  refidence  in  York ,  I  have  faid  fuffi- ciently  in  the  annals.  The  learned  Dr.  Langwith  has  fentme  two  very  ingenious  conjedu- ral  hints  concerning  a  different  etymology  of  this  name.  The  firft  is  that  Jubber-gate  might come  from  Jubhar  (k),  which  he  takes  to  have  been  an  old  Celtic  word,  and  is  Hill  pre- ferved  in  the  Irifh,  and  fignifies  a  yew-tree  \  whence  this  ftreet  may  deduce  its  name  from fome  venerable  old  plant  of  that  kind,  as  other  places  have  done  from  oaks,  allies,  &c.^ His  next  conjecture  is  from  an  infeription  in  Camden  DVI  Cl.  BRIG.  Bui  ciyitatis  bri- ganlum.  What  Bui  was  in  one  dialed  of  theantient  Britijh,  in  another  is  Jui,  and  in  another "fou  •,  probably  the  fame  with  the  Jovis  or  Jupiter  of  the  Romans  He  adds  it  this  Jov  bri- gantum  had  a  temple  here  it  probably  may  have  been  the  original  of  its  name,  ^oubzct; gate.  I  myfelf  have  feen  it  wrote  to  diftinguilh  it  from  another  ltreet  called  antiently  315;et* gate  in  this  city  (l ).  But  where  it  was  is  uncertain  ;  unleis  the  lower  end  of  this  ftro  t  cal¬ led  now  Low-J  ubbergate  exprefs  it.  The  word  Bret  I  am  tempted  to  derive  from  the  Saxon Bpecer.e  Britain  •,  fo  BpetMond,  i.  e.  Bpeocop-lant>,  Bril annorum  terra,  fays  Somner*.  If this  be  allowed,  the  learned  doctor’s  etymology  is  plainly  made  out,  and  this  ftreet  mull deduce  its  name  from  a  temple  dedicated  to  the  god  of  the  Brigantes ,  or  Britons ,  afore  - Jubber-gate ,  I  fay  is  divided  into  high  and  low,  at  the  upper  end  of  which  runs  a  lane towards  the  foamblcs  called  Newgate-Jlreet ,  where  is  the  remains  of  an  old  prifon,  which  I take  to  have  been  for  offenders  within  the  precincts  of  the  court  •,  for  I  find  no  account  ol  its being  a  chapel,  as  fome  would  have  it.  I  he  vicars-cboral  had  a  houfe,  faid  to  ftand  over againft  the  church-yard  of  St.  Sampfon' s,  where  they  antiently  lived  together,  and  kept  ho- fpitality  in  their  common  hall.  But  whether  this  was  any  part  of  that  building  I  am  un- certain.  _  .  .  , Swine-gate  did,  called  antiently  patricU’3  pcol  '>  pool  from  the  Latin  palus  is  a  place  of ftagnating  water,  but  whether  this  was  formerly  lo,  and  dedicated  to  this  Irijh  patron,  as ‘  they  ufed  to  devote  all  fprings  and  wells  to  fome  or  other  faint,  I  cannot  determine.  In this  ftreet  is  a  place  now  called  UBennet’S^entS  ;  in  which  very  antiently  flood  a  church  de¬ dicated  to  St.  Benedict.  But  this  church  being  fuffered  to  fall,  the  place  where  it  was  built was  in  Edward  III.  time  no  better  than  a  heap  of  dunghills.  V/.  de  Melton  archbifhop  got a  grant  from  that  king  to  rebuild  this  vacant  place,  with  houfes,  to  be  let  for  the  ufe  of  the vicars  choral  of  the  cathedral.  John  Yhorefby  archbifhop  got  this  grant  confirmed,  and  built upon  the  ground  to  the  purpofe  above.  1  he  buttings  and  boundings  are  thus  particularly exprefted  in  the  grant.  ( m )  Ilfiennct'placc  in  Patrick  pcol  antiently  dedicated  to  God,  in which  the  church  of  St.  Benedict  was  fituated,  but  now  put  to  prophane  ufes  and  full  of  dung- hils,  contains  in  length  towards  &ljurest>a^macfcetlj  one  hundred  and  fourteen  feet,  towards ^tarnc^gate  twenty  four  feet  •,  and  in  breadth  towards  pctct'gatc  eighty  eight  feet,  and  to¬ wards  fjjUjpncgatC  forty  feet.  At  the  upper  end  of  this  ftreet  runs  oft  another  into  Peter- gate,  called  Girdler-gate  from  the  trade  •,  near  which,  alfo,  betwixt  this  and  an  arrow  lane, called  Silver  Jlreet,  ftands  now,  ...  .  ,  ,  .n The  parifti  church  of  St.  Sampfon ,  by  fome  called  Sanxo,  faid  to  have  been  archbifhop  or biftiop  of  York  in  the  times  of  the  Britains  whofe  image  in  ftone  is  ftill  up  on  the  weft  fide of  the  fteeple  in  pontifealibus.  This  church  was  an  antient  redory  at  firft  belonging  to  the patronage  of  the  archdeacons  of  Richmond ,  till  in  the  reign  of  king  Edward  III.  it  came  to the  crown.  Richard  II.  his  fucceffor  anno  1393,  granted  the  advowfon  of  this  church  of St.  Sampfon  to  the  vicars  choral  of  the  cathedral  church  to  be  united  and  appropriated  to their  college  j  in  regard  they  had  undertaken  to  celebrate  in  this  church  an  anniverfary  obi, , for  him  the  faid  king  and  his  royal  confort  queen  Anne.  And  alfo  propounded  to  fin dai¬ ly,  after  the  end  of  the  completory ,  one  antiphony  with  the  colled  of  St.  John  baptijt  before the  altar  of  the  faid  faint  for  ever. And  in  recompence  of  the  damage  the  cathedral  church  fuftained  by  reafon  of  iuch  ap¬ propriation,  the  archbifhop  referved  to  himfelf  and  fuccefiors  the  annual  penfionof  fix  lh fi¬ lings  and  eight  pence,  and  twenty  fhillings  more  to  the  chapter  of  York  payable  out  of  the fruits  thereof  by  the  vicars  at  Pentecoft  and  Martinmas. It  was  alfo  ordained  that  the  faid  vicars  and  their  fucceflors  fhall  fuftain  all  burdens  in¬ cumbent  on  the  fame  church,  which  were  liable  for  the  redor  robear  •,  and  lhall  at  all  times provide  a  fit  fecular  chaplain  or  prieft  to  ferve  the  cure  thereof  and  adminifter  facraments therein,  and  him  they  fhall  maintain  at  their  proper  cofts,  and  from  time  to  time  at  their free  will  and  pleafure  remove  (n).  '  s‘ Firft  fruits  of  this  church  -  -  °-5  Q0  00 (It)  See  Jubhar  in  LuyJ‘s  Irifh  ety.  dictionary.  *  See  Somner's  Saxon  di£t. (/)  In  fome  grants  to  the  abbey  of  Fountains  of  houfes  (m)  Pit.  33Ed.HI.  p.  2.  m.  6.  turre  Lon  on. in  thefe  ftreets.  Vid.  append.  (n)  Ex  MS'  Torre,  f.  259. 4  C4- ChaK  VII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. 3  31 Monk  wazo A  CATALOGUE  of  the  RECTO  RS  of  St.  SAMPSON’S. Temp. injlit. Anno 1227 1227  Hamo,  clericus 1275  Adam  de  Borde,  cler.  et  eodem  temp. Restores. Archidiac.  Rich. Prior  et  convent,  de  Pontfrete. Patroni. Vac  at. Will,  de  Ocham. 1281  Rad.  de  Thurverton,  prejb. 1312  Joh.  Browne,  diac. 1332  Joh.  Bovemfount  de  Otteley,  prejb , 1334  Adam  de  Ho&on,  cap. 1349  Rob.  de  Ha&horpe,  cler. 1350  Ric.  de  Welles,  cler. 1359  Joh.  deShireburn. 1379  Joh.  Byrfall,  diac. 1383  Joh.  Byrne  vel  del  Brynne*  prejb. Archidiac.  Rich. Procurer,  arcbiac.  Rich. Archiepifcopus  per  lapf. Ed.  III.  rex. Idem. Ide?n. Idem. Ric.  II.  rex . Idem. per  refig. per  mort . per  reftg. per  rejig, per  'rejig, per  rejig. Botoner’;  chantry. (0)  Anno  1336,  Hugh  de  Botoner  chaplain,  obtained  the  archbifhop’s  licence  to  build  cer¬ tain  houfes  on  the  fide  of  the  church-yard  of  St.  Sampfon* szgpinft.  the  way  called  R  jpclugafe, and  gave  the  rents  thereof  for  the  fuftentation  oi  a  certain  chaplain  in  priefts  orders,  cele¬ brating  daily  at  this  church  at  the  altar  of  St.  Mary  the  virgin  in  St.  Benedict's  choir,  for  his own  foul  and  the  fouls  of  Robert  and  IJabel  his  father  and  mother,  And  alfo  to  cele¬ brate,  with  the  affiftance  of  other  clerks,  S.  Mary’s  mafs  with  note,  on  all  principal  and double  feflivals,  and  her  mafs  de  die  without  note,  I- Yearly  value  -  ■ — -  '  02  10  °4 Kar’j  chantry , (p)  Anno  1489,  Thomas  Sampfon  clerk  executor  of  the  laft  will  of  John  Kar ,  late  aider- man  of  this  city,  gave  out  of  the  teftator’s  goods  the  value  of  eight  marks  and  three  lhil- lino-s  to  John  Wyntringham  chaplain,  and  his  fucceffor,  celebrating  at  the  altar  of  St.  Nicolas in  this  church,  for  the  fouls  of  the  faid  John  Kar  and  Johanna  his  wife,  and  Thomas  nr\d  IJa¬ bel  his  parents,  fcfr,  s • 04  11  03 Yearly  value Burton’i  chantry. Anno  1379,  7°^n  de  Waltham  cannon  of  York,  and  William  Lovell  retftor  of  the  church  of OJbaUwykes,  having  obtained  the  king’s  licence  to  authorize  four  meffuages  in  pufncU'POOl, and  315eiinctJplacc,  together  with  certain  dwelling  houfes  by  the  church-yard  of  St.  Sampfon  s, granted  the  fame  to  a  certain  chaplain  perpetually  celebrating  at  the  altar  of  St.  Mary  the virgin,  for  the  fouls  of  Nicholas  de  Burton  and  John  de  Burton  his  father  and  Elene  his (q)  Alexander  archbifliop,  amongft  other  ordinations,  ordained  that  the  chaplain  of  this chantry  .{hall  annually  celebrate  the  obit  of  the  faid  Nicholas  and  John  in  this  church  on  eve¬ ry  feaft  day  of  St.  Nicholas , for  ever.  Paying  two  pence  to  every  of  the  eight  priefts  in  this church  celebrating  thereat ;  and  two  pence  to  the  parifli  clerk  for  tolling  rhe  bell,  with four  pence  to  the  bellman  of  the  city,  &c.  and  alfo  to  find  two  wax  candles  to  burn  on St.  Nicholas  his  tomb,  whilfbthe  faid  mafs  is  celebrating. Ancient  monumental  inferiptions  are  all  defaced  in  this  church,  nor  are  there  any  mo¬ dern  worth  notice  b^t  this, Hie  requiefeit  in fpefuturae  refurretlionis  Gulielmus  Richardfon,  pietatis ,  tarn privalac  quampub.  Richardfun licae,  amator  Jncenis  •,  nec  non  caritatis  exemplar  ajfiduum.  Cuius  anima  in  coelum  migravd die  Decembris  29.  an.  Horn.  1680. A  R  MS  in  the  windows. Gules ,  two  keys  in  faltire  argent.  St.  Peter. Or,  feven  mafeals  conjoined  three,  three,  and  one,  gules.  St.  William. Azure,  a  bend  or,  a  file  of  three  argent.  Scropeof  MaJJam. Sable,  three  pickaxes  argent.  Pigot. From  P atrick-pool,  through  a  lane  called  Hornpot-lane  we  come  to  a  handfome  fquare,  were  Thursday- it  but  all  well  built,  called  Thurfday-market  ■,  anciently  the,  chief  market  in  the  city  i  the  market. (0)  Ex  MSS.  Dodf.  &  Torre. (J>)  Iidem. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book I. £  r6s old  croft  of  which  flood  near  the  midft  of  it.  How  long  the  country  butchers  have  had  the privilege  to  bring  and  expofe  their  meat  to  fale  on  Saturdays  in  this  place,  I  fhall  not  fay, but  formerly  this  market  was  on  Thurfdays ,  as  appears  from  feveral  proclamations  for  re¬ gulating  the  price  of  viftuals,  which  our  regifters  will  Ihew. dm°  was  finilhed  a  beautiful  andufelul  ftrudture,  for  the  (helter  of  market-peo¬ ple  m  bad  weather,  which  now  Hands  on  the  weft  fide  of  this  fquare ;  in  the  place  where the  ancient  tolhbootf)  of  the  city  was  eredted ;  to  which  did  pertain  the  toll  of  the  market and  it  was  the  guide  to  all  other  markets  in  the  city.  The  horn  of  hrafs  was  kept  here’, mentioned  before  1  he  old  croft  was  of  (lone,  let  upon  an  afeent  of  five  fteps,  round which  was  a  pent-houfe  fupported  by  eight  wooden  pillars;  upon  one  of  which  was  fixed an  F°n  yard  wand  cheftandard  of  the  market.  It  flood  in  the  midft  of  the  fquare. I  his  1  qua  re  has  four  lanes  or  ftreets  at  its  four  corners,  which  have  anciently  had  pods and  chains  acrofs  them,  to  flop  the  market  people  for  gathering  of  toll,  £*.  Silver-Jtreet, Finkde-Jlrtet,  Fcafe-gate  and  Davy-gale.  The  two  firft  have  nothing  remarkable.  Feafe- gale  probably  took  its  name  from  the  old  Englijh  ftafe,  or  frag,  flagellare,  to  beat  with rods.  As  the  ilreet  they  ufed  to  whip  offenders  through,  and  fo  round  the  market  Or from  an  image  dedicated  to  St.  Faith,  in  old  French  S.  Fe,  fet  up  here ;  upon  which  fuppo- *ltl^n  to  be  written  Fees-gate.  This  laft  is  Dr.  Langwitb’s  conje&ure. But  Davygale,  called  in  old  writings  tDafcpgatC  HarDincr,  is  of  much  more  confequence, and  takes  its  name  from  H>ab£,  or  iLarDtlier- fjall,  which  antiently  ftood  in  it.  Beino-  part °!  the  pofleflions  of  David  le  Lardiner  ;  and  held  by  grand  ferjeanty  of  the  king,  tn  ca- pte,  as  feveral  records  teftify,  fome  of  which  take  as  follows. Silver- str  ee  r. Fincxle- STREET.  ~ FEASE-CATF.rods. (r)  Charta  Stephani  regis  Angliae  faCta  Johanni  Lardiner  et  David  filio  fuo,  irrotulatur  in his  verbis. QTephanus  re: v  Ang.  archiepifeopo  Eboraci  cornitibus  baronibus  et  vicecomitibus ,  mmtftris  e °mmbus  fidehbus  futs  Francie  et  Anglie  de  Eborafchyra,  falutem.  Sciatis  me  reddidifie  e concejjtjje  Johanni  deLardinario  modo  de  Eboraco  et  David  filio  fuo  terram  fuam  totajn  quam  te net  de  me  in  foe c agio,  cum  minifterio  fuo  de  Lardinario,  et  liberation  fua,  et  omnes  terras  fua quocunque  eas  teneat ,  feut  tenuit  die  quo  rex  Henricus  fuit  vivus  et  mortuus.  Qv.are  volo  et  prae v}r)  fX.  *"‘r  T-  W  ex  Ms-  m  capella  beat,  ber  divcvforum  memorand.  civit.  Ebor.  tangent  dc  re WUlielmi/^fr  fontemu/ae  refervato,  cujus  tit  ulus  tfi,  Li-  bus  aft  is  temp.  Ed  JII.  etfixp.ll./.  89.  5 Chap. VII.  of  the felTYfc/'YOR K. cipio  qtfod  bene  et  in  pace,  cl  libere  et  quiet c ,  teneat  in  bofeis  et  in  plants ,  et  in  pratis  el  pajluris ,  Mon el  aqtiis  et  inolekdis,  in  marifeis ,  etviis  et  /emit  is,  et  in  omnibus  aids  locis  cum  ffjol,  tfjeilt,  far  a, focf)a,  ihfangt!)Cof,  et  cum  omnibus  confuetudinibus  et  libertatibus  fuis,  cum  qv.ibus  unquam  libe- ruis  tenuit  tempore  regis  Henrici. T.R.  de  Veree/  Rob.  Jilio  Richardo  apud  Nottingham. Arti'origft  the  records  6f  the  treafury  in  the  receipt  of  the  exchequer  remaining  there  in the  cultody  of  the  treafurer  And  charnberlains,  viz.  in  the  pleas  of  afiize  in  the  county  of Ydrh,  the  niOrrow  after  the  Fed  it  of  St.  Michael  before  Silvefler  bifhop  of  Carlifle ,  Roger  de Thurkleby,  and  their  companions,  juftices  itinerant  in  the  thirty  fifth  and  the  beginning  of the  thirty  fixth  year  of  Henry  II.  I  firid,  fays  fir  T.  W.  that  the  king  gave  command  to thdfe  juftides  to  enquire  by  jury  what  liberties  the  anceftors  of  David  le  Lardiner  had  ufed in  the  city  of  York,  and  how  and  what  liberties  the  faid  David  claimeth  by  the  charters  of any  of  the  king’s  predeceflors.  Thereupon  David  came  in  and  faid  that  it  did  belong  to the  fergeantp  which  he  holds  in  York  to  receive  of  every  baker  who  fells  bread  there  eve¬ ry  Saturday  an  half  penny  loaf,  or  an  half  penny.  And  of  every  brewer  of  ale  .there,  that fells  any  ale,  a  gallon  flagon  of  the  bell  ale,  or  the  value  of  it.  And  of  every  fiiamble where  flelh  is  fold,  and  of  every  one  that  fells  flefh  there,  a  pennyworth  of  flelh,  or  a  pen¬ ny  every  week.  And  of  every  carrier  of  fifh  at  Fofs-bridge,  four  pennyworth  of  fifh,  or four  pence,  as  the  fame  was  bought  at  the  fea  upon  their  words.  And  of  every  fummage of  horfe  carrying  fifh,  a  pennyworth  of  fifli  or  a  penny.  And  ....  of  all  meafures  of corn  by  which  corn  is  fold  in  the  city.  And  to  make  all  diftrefles  for  the  kings  debts  in the  city  •,  and  for  every  diftrefs  to  have  four  pence.  And  laftly  to  provide  the  king’s larder,  as  well  with  venifon  as  with  tame  beajls. Arid  the  jurdrs  found  this  that  the  anceftors  of  David  le  Lardiner  had  ufed  tfiefe  liber¬ ties  following, 1.  To  make  the  larder  of  the  king. 2.  To  keep  the  prifoners  of  the  foreft. 3.  To  haVe  the  rrieafure  of  the  king  for  corn ;  and  to  fell  the  king’s  corn. 4.  That  they  had  daily  out  of  the  king’s  purfe  five  pence;  and  for  thefe  his  anceftors had  charters. 5.  Sometimes  they  ufed  this  liberty  to  take  every  Saturday  from  every  window  of  the bakers  where  bread  was  fet  to  fale  d  loaf  or  an  halfpenny.  Of  every  brewer  of  ale  a  gallon of  ale  or  an  halfpenny.  Of  every  butcher’s  window  a  pennyworth  of  flefh  or  a  penny.  Of every  cart  load  of  fifh  fold  at  Fbfs-btidge  four  pennyworth  of  fifh,  as  they  Were  bought  at the  fea  fide  ;  and  of  every  horfe  load  of  fifh',  a  pennyworth  or  a  penny. 6.  That  they  ufed  to  make  diftrefles  of  the  king’s  debts,  and  to  take  four  pence  for every  diftrels,  and  that  they  were  alCCWTCri  Of  ^tnlfreUS. The  anceftors  of  David  le  Lardwer  have  ufed  thefe  liberties  in  the  time  of  king  Henry , grandfather  to  the  king  which  now  is,  and, in  the  time  of  king  Richard  till  they  werehin- dred  •,  arid  they  ufed  all  thefe  liberties  in  the  name  of  the  fer/canfp,  which  they  held  of the  king.  The  record  was  fent  to  ihe  king. Thefe  liberties  and  privileges,  great  as  they  were,  muft  have  been  very  irkfome  to  the city  and  citizens,  and  to  get  them  taken  away  was  the  occafion  of  the  former  inquifition  ; but  they  were  confirmed’  to  the  family  of  the  Lardiners,  till  the  thirty  eighth  of  Henry  III. when- ^  fine  was  levied  at  tVeJlminJler,  before  the  king’s  juftices,  between  David  le  Lardiner plaintiff,  dnojohnae  Selby  mayor,  and  the  citizens  of  York  deforciants ;  by  which  the  faid David  did  remit  and  rcleafe  to  the  mayor  and  citizens  all  his  right  in  the  above  articles, except  the  keeper  of  the  king’s  goal  and  larder,  for  the  fum  of  twenty,  marks  paid  him  by the  faid  mayor  and  citizens.  This  deed  was  dated  at  York,  ult.  April.  37  Hen.  III.  fon  of king  John,  wherein  David  promifes,  that  if  the  mayor  and  citizens  will  chyrograph  the deed- in  the1  king’s  Corirts,  he  will  be  willing  to  do  it;  and  he  fwore  taftis  facro  fanttis  to obferve  it.  Witnefs  Rob.  de  Sandford,  the  king’s  clerk,  Rob.  de  Creping  (t)  then  fheriff  of Yorkjhire,  Adam  de  Everingham,  Rob.  de  Stapleton ,  William  de  Botehall,  Gerard  Salwayn , John  de  Roundely ,  William  de  Kirton,  Shmnde  Holton,  John  de  Hammerton,  Alain  de  Catherton , Simon  de  Lilling,  William  de  Hagget,  Robert  Gucrrier,  knights,  and  others. By  an  inquifition  taken  the  fifty  fifth  of  Henry  III,  the  jurors  fay  upon  their  oaths  that David  Lardinarius  held  the  day  he  died  a  mefluage  in  the  city  of  York,  of  the  yearly  rent . which  received  by  the  hands  of  the  bayliffsof  York,  &c.  And  that  Thomas Bujlard  paid  unto  him  yearly  feven  fhillings  for  his  land  in  Buflardlhorp.  And  the  faid  Da¬ vid  held  alfo  a  certain  land  which  is  Called  Corfleburn ,  and  was  worth  by  year  fix  fhillings and  eight  pence,  and  that  he  held  all  the  pfemifles  of  the  king  in  capite,  by  the  fervice  of the  cuftody  of  th t  king* s  goal  of  the  foreji,  and  by  performing  the  lardery  of  the  king,  and findiH^  of  fait  at  his'dwn  charge.  He  was  to  have  crura  fuperiora ,  and  the  loins  of  the deer,  and  to  make1  fale  ‘for  the  king’s  debts,  upon  fummons  out  of  the  exchequer,  and  up¬ on  every  fale  he  was  to  have  a  fee  of  two  fhillings  and  fix  pence. (fl)  Or  Cripthf..  fee  the  HR  of  .flier iffs.  Ebor.  chit.  bet.  pro  David  Lardiner  cHjloJ.ejufJem.Lfcb  31  Hen.  Ill, Cotri'UYegl?  JlfoYcfiz  ibitfetf)- tpHv ipfurti  Jc  jure  reptrare  de-  m.  4. 4  O  Sir 3*6 Monk  ;v  , Lardincr. Lck Thornton. Thwaites. Fairfax CoNYVC- itreit. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book I. Rd-  Sir  Tbo.  Widderington  has  taken  great  pains  to  collect  the  records  relating  to  the  privi¬ leges  of  this  Davy  hall ,  but  they  are  too  copious  to  infert,  and  at  prefent  needlels,  becaufe the  city  have  lately  made  a  purchafe  of  this  place,  with  all  its  liberties,  ific.  and  joined  it to  the  reft.  It  was  for  feveral  ages  a  great  incumbrance,  Handing  in  the  heart  of  the  city, yet  neither  the  mayor,  &c.  or  flieriffs  could  arreft  or  take  fines  therein,  nor  difturbany  un- freeman  from  executing  his  occupation  in  it.  From  the  Lardiners ,  it  came  to  feveral  fa¬ milies  by  marriage  of  heireffes,  who  held  the  place  and  privileges  per fergeantiam  Lardinarii rfVs  ft  cujlodiam  goalae  forefiae  de  Galtres.  By  marriage  of  one  of  the  heireffes  of Thwaites,  it  came  into  the  Fairfax  family  ;  and  our  author,  being  a  relation  of  that  antient houle,  has  drawn  up  and  left  us  this  pedigree,  which  I  give  in  his  manner.  Premifing  firft that  amongft  the  pleas  of  quo  warranto  temp.  Ed.  II.  David  Lar diner,  faith  that,  Proavus Proavi  venit  in  Angliam  cum  Gulielmo  conqueflore. David  Lar  dinarius y.gis  Gulieh  primi  | Johannes  Ladinarius temp.  reg.  Steph.  j David filius Joh.  Lardinarii Thom  as.//.  David  cb.  2  H.  III. David//. Tho.  Lardinarii  =Be at rix  uxor  David. Day  in  filius  DavidLardiner. - - - Philipp  vs  filius  David  =Matilda  filia  Johannis  le j  Spicer  majoris  Eborum. Radulphus  Lek.  e=Margareta  filia  primage- .  .  de  Leke  J  nit  a  Phil.  Lardiner. Robertos  Thornton  =Alici  a  filia  et  fold  haeres |  Rad.  Leke. Johannes  Thwaites  de  =  Johanna  filia  et  fola  haeres,  fo - Thwaites  j  roremortua,  Rob.  Thornton. Thomas  Thwaites=Alicia  filia  et  haeres  Tho. j  dele  Hay. Johannes  Thwaites=Agn£s  UXorprima. Anna  Knevett  uxor  fe- cutida  ob.feif.  de  man.  de  Da- vy-hall.  32  Hen.  VIII. _ _ j Thomas  Thwaites  ob.in— Emota  filia  et  haeres  Nico- vita patris.  |  lai  Middilton. Johannes  Thwaites  ob.  Williel.  Fairfax  de  Ste-=IsABELL  a  filia  Thomae  et infans.  ton  miles  |  haeres  Johannis  Thwaites. Taomas  Fairfax  wi/<?j=Dorothea  filia  Georgii j  Gale  arm. Thomas  dominus  Fairfaxr=ELLEN  a  filia  Rob.  Afk, {  arm. Ferdinandus  dom  Fair- Maria  filia  Edmundi fox*  |  com.  Mulgrave. Thomas  dom.  Fairfax  =  Anna  filia  et  cohaeres Horatii  Vere  baron,  de Tilbury. Cony-fireet  is  at  the  north  end  of  Spurrier-gate ,  and  begins  at  a  channel  running  into  the firft  Soyl-lane  and  reaches  to  the  gate  leading  to  the  common-hall.  This  ftreet  has  been  fome- times  called  New  Cony-Jlreet  to  diftinguifh  it  from  Old  Cony-fireet,  which  is  beyond  it,  now Lendall. Chap. VII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. Lenddl  I  need  not  tell  my  readers  that  Comma  is  Saxon  for  a  king,  and,  indeed,  this [he  cityeferV“  'e  ^  °f  KmS~Jlre“ ’ ,f  n0£  for  tlle  lar§eft-  Xet  for  being  the  bell  built  in The  parifh  church  of  St.  Marlin  the  bilhop,  Hands  here  which  was  a  parochial  church before  the  conqueft ;  for  in  the  book  ol  Doomfday  it  is  faid  Gofpatrick  habct  eccltfiam  fanCti Martini  in  Conyng-ftrete.  Since  that  this  church  was  reckoned  amongft  the  great  firms belongmg  to  the  common  of  the  dean  and  chapter  of  York,  who  anno  ,331,  conflicted miluun  de  Langtoft  vicar  of  the  perpetual  vicarage  thereof,  affigning  to  him  and  his  fuc- cefiors  the  manfion  houfe  by  the  church  for  his  habitation.  Further  granting  them  for  their Mentation,  and  for  finding  certain  priefts  to  adminifter  therein,  twenty  marks  par  annum fterling,  payable,  by  the  hands  of  their  chamberlain,  at  Pentecoft  m&Martmms Likewife  they  granted  him  and  his  fucceffors  the  fruits  and  obventions  of  the  churches °F/S  '  Sb  S‘ePt’rA  an<i  St'  ? ohn  ln  HmSate  and  the  mediety  of  the  church  of  St teESSS;  *  y  sranted  t0  him  thefe  foUowins  churches  as  dePendins  °n The  church  of  Sc.  Michael  de  Berefride. S.  John  adpontem  Ufe. S.  Mary  in  Layrethorpe. All  which  were  ufually  granted  to  the  vicar  of  this  church  of  St.  Martin's,  upon  his  in- ftitution  thereunto,  as  chappels  dependant  on  it  ( r ).  /  P  ? Fir  ft  fruits  of  this  vicaridee  . _  _  V Tenths  _  _  _  ~  06  .3  04 —  —  00  08  00 Vac  at.  Ludham’i  chantry. (s)Anno  1335,  uponan  inqul- fltion  taken  that  it  would  not  be damage  to  the  cathedral  church of  2'ork,  nor  to  the  dean  and chapter  appropriators  of  this church  of  St.  Martin ,  they  grant¬ ed  fpecial  licence  to  Thomas  de Ludham  vicar  of  the  fame,  to  e- redl  certain  houfes  on  the  north fide  of  the  church,  and  in  the church-yard,  viz.  eighteen  foot in  breadth  from  St.  Martin's- lane  towards  the  church,  and  one hundred  feet  in  length  from  the King-fireet  towards  th evicaridge- houfe  \  alfo  a  certain  part  of  the church-yard  at  the  end  of  our  la¬ dy’s  chapel.  Applying  the  rents of  thefe  edifices  for  the  main¬ tenance  of  a  certain  chaplain  per¬ petually  to  celebrate  at  the  altar of  St.  Mary ,  with  full  fervice  of the  dead,  placebo ,  &c.  together with  thefe  three  collefts,  omnipo- tensfempilerne  Deus,  See.  cui  nun- quamftnefpe,  &c.  quaefumus  do- mme  miferere,  &c.  tor  the  fouls of  the  faid  Thomas ,  and  of  Eli- arand  Agnes,  his  father  and  mo¬ ther.  The  chaplain  to  uphold all  thefe  buildings  with  needfary repairs,  upon  pain  of  depriva¬ tion.  All  thefe  were  confirmed by  the  king’s  letters  patent, June  1 6,  the  third  of  Edw.  III. dated  at  Pykering.  Dean  and chapter  patrons. 3  2  7 Bgotham Ward. St.  Marti; church. A  CATALOGUE  of  the  VICARS  of 'Temp. injlit.  Vicarii  ecct. Patroni. Anno. *33 1  Wiil.de  Langtoft,  prefb Dec.  et  cap. *33 1  Tho.de  Ludham. Ebor. Iidem. *3 49  Rad.  de  Drayton,  prefb Iidem. *359  Rob.  de  Ferriby,  prejb. Iidem. 137 0  Hugo  de  Saxton,  prejb. Iidem. 1385  Rob.  de  Otteley,  cap. Iidem. 1420  Rob.de  Apylto.n,  cap. Iidem. J4 25  Rob.  de  Semer,  prefu. Iidem. 1442  Tho  Ellerbeck,  cap. Iidetii. Joh.  Herte,  L.  B. Iide?n. 1487  Will.  Cooke*  dec.  B. Iidem. 1499  Will.  Burdclever,/r<?/2-. Iidem. 1506  Will.  Savage,  dec.  B. Iidem. 150S  Tho.  Barker,  prior  de Iidem. Novoburgo. 1509  Rob.  Wright. Iidem. Ric.  Hornby,  prejb. Iidem. 1515  Tho.  Ovington,  cap. Iidem. 1550  Tho  Nelfon,  cap. Iidem. Ric.  Foxe,  cler. Iidem. l557  Will.  Dakyns,  cler. Iidem. Tho.  Grayfon. Iidem. 1578  Jac.  Foxgale,  cler. I diem. 1614  Tho.  Haynes,  cler. Iidem. 1620  Joh.Johnfon,  M.  A. Iidem. 1634  W.  Smythe,  M.  A.fucc. vie. Iidem. 1635  Arthur  Scott,  cler.S.T.B. Iidem. 1640  Will.  Smyth,  M.A.  fucc. 1661  Matt.  Bigg,  cler. Iidem. i666|Jofhua  Stopford,  cler. Archiepifcopus 16673  M.A. per  lapf. 1675  Will.  Staynforth,  cler. Dec.  et  cap. M.A. per  mort. per  mort. per  refig. per  refig. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  refig. per  re  fig. per  mort. per  refig. per  refig. per  refig. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  refig. Cezevauz’j  chantry. rv  for  another  chantry  to  be  founded  in  this  church  at  the  altar  of  St.  Ma- ■'  e  w  ™  f}ene'  latew*of  Nicolas  Cezevauz  citizen  of  York  deceafed Lion  or  thele  in  Dodjworth. (r)  MS.  Torre/.  317. No  vulua- (flbid.p.an,  9  Ed.  III.  pars  x.m,g. Monumental The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. Bootham- ward.  Monumental  INSCRIPTIONS,  ( t ) Payler  1595.  Here  lyeth  the  body  of  William  Payler  efquier ,  the  queen's  majejlyes  atturney  in  the  north  partes, who  had  by  Anne  his  ivief  twelve  children ,  viz.  five  fonnes  and  feven  daughters ,  who  lived till  the  age  of  65  yeres,  and  then  departed  this  mortal  lief  in  the y ere  of  our  Lord  1595. 'T'fcb  j  ,6  Here  lyeth  Reynold  Befeby  efquier ,  batchelor  of  law ,  and  vice-admiral  in  the  north  partes,  who dyed  the  iqth  of  June  an.  Mccccclxiii. On  a  board  near  the  altar  efcutcheoned  with  this  charge. Argent,  a  fefs  inter  two  colts  paffant  fable. Colthurft  ffr/r  lyeth  buried  Thomas  'Colthurft  of  York  gent,  who  had  to  wief  Katherine  daughter  to 1588.  Richard  Audlye  the  fame  citye  gent,  which  Thomas  Colthurft  deceafed  xviii  of  June,  in they  ere  of  our  Lord  God  1588. Maye  1 596.  Here  lyeth  Henry  Maye  lord-major  of  thiscittye  m  the  xxviii  yore  of  the  reigne  of  our  moft  gra- Lord-mayor  '  ci0us  queen  Elizabeth,  who  departed  this  life  July  1,  1596. 1 586. Covering  Here  lyeth  Mrs.  Jane  Clavering  daughter  to  fir  John  Clavering  of  Caliley,  in  the  county  of l67°-  Northumberland  knight.  She  died  Novem.  2,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1670. Rigden  1690.  Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Mr.  John  Rigden  of  this  city  merchant,  who  departed  this  life  March  2, 1690. Heayes  1690.  Here  lyeth  interred  the  body  of  Mr.  Xhomas  Heayes  of  .  .  altfall  in  the  county  of  Stafford, who  departed  this  life  Novem.  22,  1690. A  monument  with  two  buffs,  a  man  and  woman  on  the  top,  this  efcutcheon  of  arms  im¬ paled, 1.  Argent,  a  chevron  inter  three  garbs  gules.  Sheffield.  2.  Gules,  fix  flower  de  lices  ar¬ gent.  a  border  ermine.  Darnley. Sheffield  1 63  3  Dominus  Gulielmus  Sheffield  miles  monumentum  hoc  fuis  fumptibus  poni  hie  curavit.  Non  in vanam  gloriam ,  fed  tarn  in  monitionem  propriae  mortalitatis  futurae,  quam  in  memoriam  prae- teritae  chariffi.  conjugis  dominae  Elizabethae  J«hannis  Darnley  de  Kylhurft  in  agro  Ebor. filiae  et  cohaeredis. Obiit  [ilia  anno  ^5  J  Jul.  3 Hexajlicon  legitime  Iambicum. Praeivit  aut  fequitur  omnis  hanc  homo. Legis  Jlupefque  ?  quin  movere  protinus Cupiditatibus  tuis  in  Jlatim  mori, Deoque  te  dicare.  Sic  diu  vel  hie Eiis,  modo  bonurn  flat :  quod  optimum , Fruere  mortuus  beatudine. A  copartment,  arms  impaled  brafs, 1.  A  chevron  inter  three  lions  heads  erazed,  on  a  chief  a  fpread  eagle.  Brown.  2.  A dolphin  embowed,  on  a  chief  three  faltires  humette.  Francklyn. Brown  1654.  Gulielmus  Brown  armiger  omm  literarum  genere  infiruttus,  juris  praecipue  confultiffimus,  qui obiit  6  die  Aprilis  an.  Bom.  1654,  aetat.  fuae  42.  Uxorem  habuit  Francilcam  filiam  Henrici Frankland  de  Aldwark  in  com.  Ebor.  militis ,  quae  duos  filios  totidemque  films  peperit.  Fran- eifea  natu  maxima  jam  fola  fuperjles,  et  haeres,  nupta  Johanni  Rerefby  de  Thriburgh  in  ditto com.  bart.  char ae  memoriae  paths,  et  ejus  virtutum,  hoc  impar  dicavit  monumentum.  Vicefi. fecundo  die  Julii  anno  1681. Arms  at  the  bottom  impaled, 1 .  Gules ,  on  a  bend  argent,  three  croflets  patonce  fable.  Rerefby.  2 .  As  the  farlt efcutcheon. Savile  16  50.  Hie  jacet  corpus  Hugonis  Savile  de  Welburne  in  com.  Ebor.  generofi ;  qui  obiit  quarto  die Oft.  anno  1650. M.  S. Valentini  Nalfon,  A.  M.  . N 'ion  i~ ' '  Hniiis  eccle/iae  pafloris  verc  evanpelici  •,  cathedralis  chori  fuccentoris  facrae  mufices  peritiffimi,  et ^Riponenfis  ecclefiae  canonici.  Parent es  habuit  Johannem  Nalfon,  LL.  B.  et  Aliciam  *r- uvn  ex  equejlri familia  Peytonorum  de  Doddington  in  Elienfi  inf  da  ■,  imbuil  facr  a  fide  boms (f)  Ex  MS.  Dodf.  Torre,  &e. Uteris Chap.  VII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  32c, lileris  inflruxit  collegium  divi  Johannis  apud  Gtntabrigienfes.  Booth  am Quam  eximius fuit  pietatis  pr dedicator  ward. Teftantur  condones *  quas  chrijlano  orbi Moriens  legavit. At  fuaviffimus,  hen!  vocis  jl exits,  atlioque  in  concionando  perquam  decora,  non  adlione  ncque voce  alleritis  exprimenda,  cumipfo perierunt  iii  cal.  Martii  anno  falutis  m  dccxxii.  Aeta- tis  XL. What  other  infcriptions  are  here  mud  be  omitted.  Hcrfefield,  a  copartment  north,  Hejle- tine,  Howard,  dates.  Walker,  Williamfon,  Harrington ,  Gird/er,  Cromwel,  Banks  Barker and  Boyes,  &c. ARMS  and  antient  INSCR  IP  I  IONS  which  are  or  were  in  the  windows  of  this church. £D;atep?o  animabus  3!o|jamtis  liiyrfecbp  ct  Joljamie  et  p?o  ammabug  ltbero?um  Kyrkeby. fuc;um. *  2D;atc  p;o  nmmabus  #laiit  WUidmi  IBottou  ct  agnetn? In  the  fteeple  window  wrote  about  the  borders  l{. Hyll.  Bolton. 2Djate-p;o  aiiima  ©tumm  Itobecti  acjjicrfltiqiiDam  immlfri  ittitis  ccclcfie  cf  ramcrarii rapclli  djlioj.  qui .  ct  j^g'senta  i«7. cnDit  Ijor  opustB  Die  mcnlts  ©rtolftts  an.  ®om.  fl9CCCC*ii*5IlJI3.  cuius  anime  me> pifictur  ©cue. London  city. [North. '  South. ARMS.  England.  York  fee.  York  city. Argent,  a  crofs  gules,  in  the  dexter  canton  a  fvvOrd  eredt  of  the  laft Or,  three  chevrons  gules.  Clare. Or,  an  eagle  difplayed  vert.  Monthermer . Or,  feven  mafeals  conjoined  gules,  three,  three  and  one.  St.  William. Azure,  on  a  bend  inter  fix  leopards  heads  or,  three  water  budgets  fable. Gules ,  three  mullets  argent. Azure,  -X  bend  or,  and  a  file  of  three  argent.  Scrape  of  Matjham. Ur,  a  buck  s  head  within  a  border  iilgrailed,  a  martlet  difference Argent ,  on  a  bend  fable ,  three  bezzants. Anno  1668,  a  new  clock,  with  a  dial,  which  projefis  into  the  ftreet,  was  fet  up  in  this church  at  the  charge  °t  the  panlhoners  which  fince  has  had  fevcral  reparation! The church  has  a  handfome  tower  fteeple ;ta  the  weft,  and  lately  an  addition  of  five  bells'  which contributions!6  P  “  ™  T he  °f  this  bore  the  ,  with  feme  other The  gild  or  common-hall  (lands  in  this  pariftt,  at  the  north  end  of  the  ftreet :  a  noble ftnifluie,  being  ninety  fix  by  forty  three,  and  fupported  by  two  rows  of  oak  pillars  vcrl,CoMMO!'- wi,Vr,1hd  f°  7;  •:hOUglVC;7h  1S  CUt  out  of  onc  r,nB,e  tree-  Gi/i comes  from  the  AnglW'" Saxo,  &16,  fratermtas,  or. fodahitum  ,  and  here  was  formerly  two  brotherhoods  of  that  kind rh,r  ,h  P  aCV  I7'-fiPrr»  by  T  r,nnent  wntlng>  tllat  1  have  feen amongft  the  city  records h.  t  the  present  Gild-hal  was  built  by  the  mayor  and  commonality,  and  the  miller  and brethren  of  the  ©,!D  of  St.  Chrijlopher,  z  +  Hen.  VI.  or  an.  1+46  («) Tins  gild  was  founded  by  one  Robert  Dalhey,  ocDalhoy,  and  other  citizens  tomb  Ric  II  GUh  ofs- 5J5E3  br-  h,S  letKrs  P“"“;  4**4  «3W,  Marti  it  anno  regni  19,  mlde^'tS^-ol Role? I  and  citizens,  to  ereft  and  make  the  faid  gild  or  fraternity  nun  and Alter  this,  another  brotherhood  called  the  of  St.  George^  added  to  the  former  c as  appears  by  letters  patents  from iking  Henry  VI.  dated  at  mflrninfter  anno  regf  ZZl ham  Craven  and  other  cit.zens ;  by  which  authorities  the  faid  gilds  were  not  only  eiefted wlhiyTarly  valuTof tOP"  Zd'h  Z  £lid  city’  or  dfewhere, d  y  .  *  And  by  the  laid  authority  they  made  and  prpcQvw-i  a  ; vers  ordinances  for  the  difpof.tion  of  their  revenues  and  profits,  with  other  monks  thlt lhail  accrue  unto  them  to  the  maintenance  of  their  comm-on-hall,  called  the  ©iIdXi  of  he city  of  lark;  and  to  the  rep.,u„,g  and  maintaining  of  certain  and  St"  ln  and about  the  city  j  and  laflly  to  the  relief  of  divers  poor  people  in  and  about  thl  fame. The  revenues  of  thefe  were  valued  at  the  diffolution  at  _  _  Z  S’  7 |y;:  pT  CA'Cc  APClcc  fcCyp;  ZlX.  cl C«)  Dobfw.  coil,  fir  T  ft',  fays  that  this  common-hall a-as  heretofore  part  of  the  poiMons  of  the  prior  aad convent  of  Durham.  Ex  MS. (x)  From!  the  city  records.  Rolls  chap.  7.  />.  3  Ed.  VI tor  the  fum  of  212/.  4  s.  8  d The 33° Booth  am WA  RD. Lord-may¬ or’;  HOUSE. ! The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book*. The  common-hall  is  the  court  of  juftice,  it  has  two  rooms  adjoining  for  the  grand  and petty  juries  to  confult  in  3  one  of  them  being  neatly  wainfcotted  is  the  place  where  the  lord- mayor  daily  reforts  to,  to  hear  the  complaints  of  the  city  (y).  Two  courts,  the  crown  and nifi  frius  are  here  alfo  for  the  judges  of  affize,  and  formerly  the  court  of  the  lord  prefident of  the  north  was  held  in  it.  The  window  over  the  lord-mayor’s  court,  which  of  late  has been  handfomely  rebuilt,  is  adorned  with  the  city’s  arms,  fword,  mace,  and  cap  of  main¬ tenance  in  fine  painted  glafs  •,  the  work  of  Edmund  Gyles  of  this  city,  the  laft  artift  of  that kind  in  thefe  parts  ;  and  whofe  art  died  with  him.  On  the  north  fide  of  the  hall  is  hung up  a  plan  of  the  city,  furveyed  1693,  by  Benedict  Horjley  citizen.  At  the  eaft  end  is  a table  of  the  principal  benefadtors  to  the  charity-fchool. The  chapel  of  the  <©tlD  of  St.  Cbrijlopher  ftood  to  the  ftreet,  almoft  facing  Stone-gate ; which  was  turned  into  a  dwelling  houfe,  and  long  continued  fo,  till  anno  1726.  it  was  pul¬ led  down,  with  another  adjoining,  in  order  to  build  the  prefent  manfion-houfe  for  our  lord- mayors.  This  is  a  neat  convenient  building  and  grand  enough  ;  every  way  furnilhed  tor  ufe and  entertainment ;  but  thofe  of  our  magillrates  who  have  proper  houfes  of  their  own  fei- dom  remove  hither.  I  cannot  forbear  to  mention  that  this  houfe  has  had  the  honour  to be  a  precedent  for  the  city  of  London  to  copy  after,  though  we  fhall  not  pretend  to  com¬ pare  with  them  in  fize  and  dimenfions  when  their  houfe  is  eredted.  What  it  is  the  reader will  belt  judge  of  by  the  following  draughts. Jfatc  nuunoa  fury utt t In  a  nitch  in  the  old  chapel  wall,  facing  Stone-gate ,  ftood  a  ftatue,  which  fir  T.  JV .  fup- pofes  was  fet  up  as  the  image  or  patron  of  the  city  i  it  is,  fays  he,  in  the  form  of  a  goodly or  big  woman  \  anciently  the  Jtatues  of  city's  ujed  to  be  fet  out  in  a  feminine  form.  It  has  a  mural crown  of  its  head  embattled.  Thus  adds  our  author,  Libeta ,  or  the  goddefs  Tellus,  was  fet forth, Murali  caput  fummum  cinxere  corona , Eximiis  munita  locis  quod  fujlinet  urbeis.  Lucret.  lib.  2. Sir  T.  has  purfued  this  fine  thought  thus  far  without  the  leaft  foundation  for  it ;  the  ftatue is  not  of  a  woman  or  goddefs,  but  of  a  king  in  gilt  armour,  with  a  crown  imperial  on  his head,  inftead  of  a  mural  one.  The  imperial  crown  ftiews  that  it  was  eredted  in  honour  of fome  of  our  kings,  from  Henry  VI.  who  was  the  firft  that  took  that  mark  of  diftindtion  ; but  for  whom  I  know  not.  It  cannot  be  the  image  of  olDc  mentioned  before,  be- caufe  that  image  was  of  wood  ;  but  it  deferves  no  further  dilquifition  (z). In . Conyng-Jlreet ,  befides  a  number  of  well  built  houfes,  ftand  the  three  principal  inns  of (y)  An  infcription  over  the  fire  place,  Camera!  nm  et  or-  litis  1672.  Richardo  Shaw  majore. MMtum  fuit  hoc  conclave  fumfnbus  Johannis  Hewley  mi-  (*)  This  ftatue  is  now  in  a  room  at  the  Gild-hall. the ■  '  ••  \ ' ' )  Ex  antiquijf,  regiftro  f.  42 •  One  of  them  now  inhabited  by  Sir  PP-.  Wentworth  hart The Chap.VII.  tfi  the  CITY  »/ YORK,  33! the  city,  viz.  the  George ,  Black fwan ,  and  Three  Crowns.  I  mention  thefe  inns  to  flic-w  the  Booth*  m power  our  ma  gift  rates  exerciled  formerly,  lor  I  find  an  order  in  one  of  the  city’s  regifters  WHRD- runs  thus, Council- chamber  Oufe  brige,  Wednefday,  April  27,  37  Hen.  VI.  1459. (a)  It  is  ordained ,  that  from  this  day  forward  no  aliens  coming  from  foreign  parts  /hall  be  lodged within  the  faid  city ,  liberties ,  or fubutbs  thereof,  but  only  in  the  inn  of  the  mayor  and  com¬ monality,  at  the  fign  of  the  315ull  in  donpilg'Ifrcct ,  except  olherways  licenfcd  by  the  mayor  for the  tune  being.  Upon  the  penalty  of  forty  Jhilhngs  to  be  forfeited  for  the  u[e  of  the  community,  by him  or  them  who  fhall  hold  any  inn ,  or  do  contrary  to  this  order  for  the  future. From  Conyng-flrect  runs  three  lanes  to  the  river,  which  are  chiefly  for  laying  in  foil, to  be  conveyed  o!f  by  boats.  The  names  of  two  of  them  are  St.  Martin* s-4aue,  and  Cotn- mon-h  all-lane. Lendal-Jlreet ,  more  anciently,  old  Conyng-flreet ,  lies  parallel  with  the  river,  it  is  fuppofed to  have  taken  its  name  from  a  Stayth ,  or  landing  place  there,  as  land  all.  I  rather  think  it  isde-  Lfn  De¬ rived  from  the  adjoining  hofpital  of  St.  Leonard ,  as  Leonard's- hill,  corruptly  La, dell  or  Lendall. STRtfi  1  • Every  religious  houfc  in  the  city,  which  ftood  near  the  river,  had  a  Stayth  on  it  for  their  con¬ venience,  and  as  this  wasantiently  called  EconachCS  lUnUgngfl  or  landings,  I  leave  the reader  to  guefs  from  whence  the  derivation  comes.  From  tne  water  fide  to  the  great  gate  of the  hofpital.  Hill  vifible  in  the  wall,  is  a  deep  alcent  which  might  be  called  Sr.  Leonard's  billZ.  ... In  Lendal ,  as  it  is  now  called,  is  nothing  remarkable,  lave  that  the  ftreet  is  broad,  airy and  well  built.  In  it  are  two  very,  good'  houfes,  the  one  is  in  two.  (b)  handlbme  tene¬ ments,  lately  built  by  alderman  Baines ,  the  other  oppofite,  on  the  t.dt  fide  was  eroded feme  few  years  ago,  in  the  old  church  ward  of  St.  Wilfrid ,  by  that  able phyfician  Dr.  Win-  . tringham.  The  lituation  of  this  houfe  is  lomevvhat  backwards  from  tne  ftreet,  with  two rows  of  trees  before  it,  which  makes  it  the  pleafanteft,  as  indeed,  it  is  in  itfelf  one  of  the  beft built  houfes  in  the  city.  This  building,  as  it  role  by  giving  health  to  numbers  within  this city  and  country,  fo  may  its  wholfome  lituation  add  length  of  days  to  the  founder,  and  af¬ ter  prove,  as  his  printed  works  will  do,  a  Lifting  monument  of  his  fame. Th e  great  water  tower  on  this  fide  the  river,  Irom  whence  an  iron  chain  went  over  to  the  Watsk- oppofite  fide,  was,  after  the  fortifications  were  flighted,  converted  into  a  warehoufe  for  works. goods.  After  that,  anno  1682,  it  was  made  ufe  of  for  fixing  an  engine  in,  to  force  water through  wooden  pipes  into  every  ftreet  of  the  city,  to  the  great  convenience  of  the  inha¬ bitants.  Here  is  a  ftayth  built  of  late  years,  the  (tone  taken  out  of  the  abbey,  but  being too  high,  it  is  of  no  fervice,  except  in  a  flood.  Sir  T.  /^.  mentions  a  poftern  to  have  been here,  which  he  calls  Lendal pojlern,  at  prefen t  it  is  only  a  foot  way,  on  fufferance,  into the  abbey.  I  chafe  here  to  prefent  the  reader  with  two  fine  views,  backwards  and  for¬ wards,  of  the  river  and  city  on  this  fide  •,  cfone  by  that  eminent  artift  the  late  Mr.  Fran. Place. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES Book  I. 3  3 1 Booth am WARD. ^.Leonard’*  Thehofpital  of  St.  Leonard  was  one  of  the  antienteft,  as  well  as  nobleft,  foundations  of hospital,  that  kind  in  Britain.  Anno  936,  Athelftane,  our  famous  Saxon  monarch,  being  on  his  ex¬ pedition  to  Scotland ,  in  his  way  thither,  vifited  three  religious  places.  Beverley ,  York ,  and Durham  •,  where  he  requefted  the  benefit  of  their  devout  prayers  on  his  behalf ;  promi- fing  that  if  he  fucceeded  well  therein  he  would  abundantly  recompence  them  for  the  fame. Returning  with  a  happy  vidtory  over  Confiantine  the  Scotch  king,  which  was  gained  near Dunbar  in  Scotland ,  he  came  to  York ,  and  in  the  cathedral  church  there  offered  his  hearty thanks  to  God  and  St.  Peter.  Obferving,  in  the  fame  church,'  certain  men  of  a  fandtified life,  and  honeft  converfation,  called  then  Coledei ,  who  relieved  many  poor  people  out of  the  little  they  had  to  live  upon,  therefore  that  they  might  better  be  enabled  to  fu- ftain  the  faid  poor,  keep  hofpitality,  and  exercife  other  works  of  piety,  anno  936,  he granted  to  God  and  St.  Peter ,  and  the  faid  Coledei ,  and  to  their  fucceflors  for  ever,  one  tfyrabe of  CO. 211  out  of  every  carucate  of  land ,  or  every  plowgoing,  in  the  bifhoprick  of  York  ;  which  to this  day  is  called  peter  C0?1T.  For  by  grant  of  the  inhabitants,  within  that  diftridl,  the king  had  to  him  and  his  fucceflors  the  faid  thraves  for  deftroying  of  wolves  ;  which  in  thole days,  fo  exceedingly  wafted  the  country,  that  they  almoft  devoured  the  tame  beafts  of  the villages  thereabouts  i  but  by  thefe  means  thofe  ravenous  creatures  were  totally  deftrpyed. Thefe  Coledei  being  thus  poflefied  of  the  faid  tljratJCS,  and  apiece  of  wafte  ground  which the  king  alfo  gave  them,  began  to  found  for  themfelves  a  certain  hofpital  in  the  city  ot York  ;  and  they  elected  one  of  them  to  prefide  over  the  reft,  for  the  better  government  and prefervation  of  their  rights  and  pofieflions  (c). They  continued  thus  till  the  conqueft-,  when  William  confirmed  the  faid  ffjrabcs  to  them. But  his  fucceflor  William  Rufus  was  a  much  greater  benefadtor,  for  he  tranflated  the  fite  of the  hofpital  into  the  royal  place  where  it  now  ftands ;  as  appears  by  many  houfes  then  being on  it,  which  in  times  paft  belonged  to  the  king’s  ufe.  He  likewife  built  a  little  church therein,  and  caufed  it  to  be  dedicated  to  St.  Peter ;  which  name  this  hofpital  bore  to  the laft,  as  their  common  feal  teftifies  ;  &>tgtllum  tjofpitalis  fartctt  petti  Cfcboraci  (d). King  Henry  I.  granted  to  them  the  enlargement  of  the  clofe,  wherein  their  houfe  is  fi- tuate,  as  far  as  the  river  Oufe ;  when  he  lhall  recover  the  fame  from  the  monks  of  St.  Ma¬ ry.  He  alfo  confirmed  to  this  hofpital  all  the  lands  which  either  he  himfelf,  or  Eujlace .  Fitz-John ,  Lambert  de  FoJJgate,  or  other  of  the  king’s  men  and  burgefies  had  formerly  given (f)  Mon.  Ang.  v.  i.f  367. (el)  ibid,  367,  368.  Vide  figilltem. there- Chap.  VII.  of  the  CITV  of  V  O  R  K.  333 thereunto,  within  or  without  the  burgh  ;  efpecially  the  land  in  IHCeptE,  which  John  Lar- , unarms  had  conferred  on  them.  He  freed  them  from  gclOS,  (UttoitlS,  and  granted  to  it  the"'*™, liberties  of  ^oc,  SEoI,  aijcmc,  and  3nfallgtt)E0f.  As  a  more  eipecial  mark  of  his  fa¬ vour,  this  king  took  to  himfelf  the  name  of  a  brother  and  warden  of  this  hofpital  s  frtUtr enirn  ct  cujlcs  ejujdem  domus  Dei  fum. King  Stephen  rebuilt  this  hofpital  in  a  more  magnificent  manner,  and  dedicated  it  to  the honour  of  St.  Leonard  ;  and  it  has  ever  fince  been  called  hofpitalis  S.  Leonardi.  This  king confirmed  the  tfircatCS  which  were,  as  is  here  exprcffed,  all  the  oats  which  had  been  ufed  to be  gathered  betwixt  the  rioter  of  Trent  and  Scotland,  for  finding  the  king’ s  hounds ;  which •was  twenty  fair  Jheaves  of  corn  of  each  plowland  by  the  year,  and  appointed  the  dean  and  canons of  the  cathedral  church  to  gather  them  fir  the  relief  of  the  find  hofpital.  He  likewife  caufed gel,  mayor  of  JSojit,  to  deliver  up  a  certain  place,  by  the  Vuctt  tall  of  the  city,  to  receive tne  poor  and  lame  in  (e). All  thele  privileges  and  pofteffions  were  confirmed  by  Henry  II.  and  king  John  ;  which laft  ratified  them  by  his  charter,  and  further  granted  to  this  hofpital,  timber  for  their  build¬ ings,  wood  for  their  fires,  with  grafs  and  pafturage  for  their  cattle,  through  his  whole  fo- rett  of  Torkjhire  (f). The  hofpital  continued  in  thefe  pofiefiions  which  were  confirmed  and  much  in  larged  by feveral  fucceeding  monarchs,  and  pioufly  difpofed  noblemen  and  others,  to  the  reign  of Edward  I.  when  that  king,  upon  return  of  a  writ  of  ad  quod  damnum ,  granted  to  the  ma¬ tter  and  brethren  of  this  hofpital,  liberty  to  take  down  the  wall  of  the  laid  hofpital  which extended  from  HBlafccdlrcct  to  HBot&aiWbatX,  and  to  let  up  a  new  wall  for  enlarging  the court  of  the  laid  hofpital,  and  fo  inclofed  to  hold  the  fit  me  to  the  matter  and  fucceffors  for ever,  dated  Apr.  2.  27  Ed.  I.  (g). It  would  take  up  too  much  time  to  enumerate  all  the  confirmations,  privileges,  charters, &c.  that  belonged  to  this  once  famous  hofpital  •,  which  had  all  the  fanftion  of  an  aft  of ■parliament  the  fecond  of  Henry  VI.  to  confirm  them  (h).  Sir  T.  IV.  is  very  prolix  upon this  head,  being  then  in  pofleflion  of  the  coucher  book  belonging  to  the  hofpital,  which  is fince  repofited  in  the  Cotton  library.  What  the  lcope  of  my  deiign  will  fuffer  me  to  add, is  only  an  account  of  fome  rules  of  the  houfe,  with  the  particular  number  of  people  that were  maintained  therein ;  as  alfo  to  give  fome  abftra&sof  donations  to  them,  taken  from  the originals,  which  are  not  printed  in  the  Monaft.  nor  elfewhere. (i)  Anno  1294,  Walter  Langton  matter  of  St.  Leonard's  hofpital  made  certain  orders  for the  brothers  and  fitters  of  it  to  this  effeft.  That  every  learned  chaplain  fhould  have  a  feat and  a  defk  in  the  cloifter,  and  all  be  prefent  at  mattins  and  other  hours.  That  at  leaft  four brothers,  befides  the  prieft,  fhould  aflift  at  the  mafs  of  the  bleffcd  virgin,  and  after  ha¬ ving  faid  all  their  mattes  to  be  at  their  chairs  in  the  cloifter  at  prayers.  How  they  fhould behave  themfelves  in  the  choir,  that  one  fhould  read  at  their  meals  ;  that  in  fummer  they lhould  fleep  a  little  after  dinner  and  then  read  ;  that  after  fupper  they  fhould  go  to  the church  and  give  thanks,  and  fay  complin ,  &c.  that  filence  fhould  be  obferved  in  the  cloi¬ fter,  reftory  and  dormitory,  that  if  any  one  happened  to  be  incontinent,  difobedient,  or hold  any  thing  of  his  own,  to  be  denied  chrifiian  burial.  That  the  lay  brothers  fhould  not go  beyond  the  door  of  the  nave  of  the  church,  except  in  procettions.  That  the  fitters lhould  have  a  convenient  place  for  them  in  the  church  ;  and  that  neither  any  of  them  nor the  lay  brothers  go  out  of  the  bounds  of  the  church  without  leave.  ( k )  The  matter  had nothing  to  himfelf  but  reliefs,  perquitttes  of  courts,  and  alterages,  which  he  might  difpofe of  in  fmall  gifts  for  his  own  honour,  and  the  honour  of  the  houfe,  as  he  fhould  fee  expe¬ dient.  He  was  to  deliver  the  common  feal  of  the  houfe,  to  the  keeping  of  two  brethren, under  his  own  feal.  They  were  not  fubjeeft  to  any  vifitor,  but  the  king  or  his  deputies  *, though  the  hofpital  was  in  the  collation  of  the  dean  and  chapter  of  York. The  number  that  were  conftantly  maintained  in  this  hofpital,  befides  thofe  that  were  re¬ lieved  by  them  elfewhere,  were A  matter  —  —  T Brethren  —  —  13 Secular  priefts  —  4 Sifters  — Chorifters  — • Schoolmafters Beadmen  — Servitors  — (?)  Lelandi  coll.  Stowe’;  chron.\ *(/) Mon.  Ang.  f.  393.  v.  1 .  cart.  1  Joh.  n.  31.  King Henry  V I.  granted  to  this  hofpital  to  be  quit  ot  toll, tallage,  pafTagc,  &c.  Ex  chart,  orig.  ilat .  anno  reg.  18, 4  Q. (g)  Ex  MS.  Torre/.  8; 8. (* h )  Rot. pari,  z  Hen.  VI.  n.  37.  Gallice, (i)  Sir  T.  IV. (*)  Torre. POSSES - Book  I. o  :>  •+ ECOTH A ward. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES POSSESSIONS  from  the  original  grants  to  this  hofpital. ha)  Walter  ie  Nafferlon  cap.  and  Walter  de  Eojln ,  by  the  king’s  licence  granted  unto Thomas  Brembre  mailer  of  St.  Leonard’*,  hofpital,  and  the  brethren  and  fillers  of  the  fame fight  melfuages  and  one  acre  and  half  of  land,  nine  fhillings  and  four  pence  annual  rent  in the  city  of  Pork  ;  whereof  two  melfuages  were  in  pctergatc,  three  in  ©lobergafc,  two  in the  llreet  called  patridi  pool,  one  in  ^ufc-'satc,  and  the  laid  acre  and  hall  in  Walm-gate dated  33  Ed.  III.  1359. William  the  fon  ot  Pagan  ie  Coleby,  confirmed  to  this  hofpital  his  land  in  Clfcsgatp,  which his  father  had  given  to  it. William  the  phyftcian,  fon  of  Martyn  of  Pork,  granted  to  it  for  the  augmentation  of  one chaplain  to  celebrate  divine  fervice  in  the  new  infirmary  in  the  fame  hofpital,  all  his  land in  Pork,  lying  in  the  corner  betwixt  donyilg  Urccf  and  ^fame-gate. William ,  fon  of  Wikamar  of  asItEllebi,  confirmed  to  it  all  the  donations  which  his  father gave,  viz.  a  manfion  houfe  and  edifices  in  dsfecllelji ;  fix  acres  of  land  and  common  of paflurein  the  fame  town;  and  two  acres  of  land  at  lUming-bjiSge ;  and  five  acres  ofland ol  the  gilt  of  his  aunt  Adelize,  &c. Rob.  de  Stutevile  granted  to  it  half  a  carucate  of  land  in  pacha  Utoit. P Her  de  Arlington  granted  to  it  one  oxgang  of  land  in  the  field  of  arOtngfon  ;  and  pallure for  twenty  head  of  cattle,  forty  (heep,  ten  goats,  ten  fwine,  and  five  horfes. Elias  de  Heton  granted  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  Kprlic  ashric  in  WanDclIapOalc. Emma  daughter  to  Gikel  de  Alverlon ,  granted  to  it  all  the  ninth  garbs  of  her  land  in  loaggcr befidcs  twenty  acres  ofland  on  the  fouth  fide  of  JJJcCDCbttOcfStie  in  a  certain  eflart  (mo- dam  effarlo )  againll  Baggcby. William  Charles  lord  of  Briggenhale  granted  to  it  the  advowfon  of  the  church  of  ffrtg' gcubale. John  fon  of  Hafculf  de  Bohes  granted  to  it  one  piece  of  land  in  IBotjes,  under  the ditch  upon  limcmuD,  as  much  as  belongs  to  two  oxgang  of  land.  And  another  piece  of land  of  other  two  oxgangs. William  fon  of  Geofrey  de  Skagergile  granted  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  the  territory  of BoffCS. John  fon  of  Afculf  de  Bohes  granted  to  it  half  a  carucate  of  land  in  i5of)C3,  and  the church  of  BoIjCS,  together  with  one  mefliiage  and  another  carucate  of  land. Thomas  fon  of  Hafculf  de  Bohes  granted  to  it  the  whole  part  pertaining  to  two  oxgangs of  land  againll  llangfalc  in  the  territory  of  HBoljCS. John  fon  of  Hafculf  de  Bohes  granted  to  it  nine  acres  of  land  in  one  culture  upon  Balth* ritijcs.butts. Eatrede  daughter  of  Waliefc  granted  to  this  hofpital  of  St.  Peter's  two  oxgangs  of  land in  Blcnrcljdocf). William  fon  of  Henry  de  Bcningburgh  confirmed  to  it  all  that  his  father  and  grandfather had  given  it  in  the  territory  of  iormiigburg,  viz.  a  toft  and  a  virgult,  and  three  other  mea- fures  of  land  with  their  crofts,  and  all  the  land  of  JliDacrmim;  and  jjoenbcrgc. Henry  fon  of  William ,  fon  of  Warine ,  confirmed  to  it  the  lands  and  meadows  which his  father  had  before  given,  viz.  one  tofc  and  croft,  and  thirty  acres  of  land  in  IScnfltge burr. Mafcy  de  Ferlinglon  granted  to  it  all  the  part  of  his  land  lying  between  the  river  which runs  from  korhleticr  unto  the  borders  of  ificningbtirr. William  fon  of  Henry  de  Beningburc  confirmed  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land  which  his  father had  given  in  Jgemngburc. Agnes  de  Boythorpe  granted  to  it  all  the  part  of  her  land  which  is  contained  between  the  ri¬ ser  which  runs  from  fJsflcIchac  to  the  precinfts  of  JSemngbUtC. i  he  fourth  ot  Henry  VII.  Will.  Fojler  and  lfabel  his  wife  granted  to  it  three  mefluanes  and live  oxgangs  of  land  in  Btnfngburg. Ralph  de  Bolrun  granted  to  it  one  mefluage  and  four  acres  of  land  in  IBolruit. Solomon  de  Brettona  granted  to  it  the  moiety  of  one  oxgang  of  land  in  lorctton. Serlo  Ion  of  Gervafe  de  Brettona  granted  thereunto  one  oxgang  of  land,  with  one  toft  and croft  in  ISfcttcn  eallward. Roger  ion  of  Eudo  de  Magna  Burton  granted  to  it  two  acres  and  a  half  ofland  in  ©agrta Burton, William  fon  of  Wibumar  de  AJkcllie  confirmed  to  it  the  donation  which  his  father  made of  one  carucate  of  land  in  CrolTcbp.  Rob.  fon  of  IVilhumar  the  fame. Thomas  de  Camera  granted  to  it  half  a  carucate  of  land  in  the  territory  of  Cottpmatl* tjjojpc. Wiliam  fon  of  Roger  de  Kelilbergh  granted  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  the  territory  of Caulclcy. tm)  Omuls  ex  churl,  origins.!.  There  are  many  pa-  of  the  tower  of  London,  which  with  the  reft  would terns,  grants,  C'-o  node  to  this  hofpital  in  the  archives  make  a  volume  by  themfclves. Richard Chap.  VII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. (e)  Richard  Crucr  granted  to  it  one  oxgang  of  land  in  iJaltJCtOH  in  ISgDale.  Bo, William  de  Argenton  granted  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land  with  a  toft  and  croft  in  Caffoil. Nigel  de  Molbray  granted  to  it  thirty  two  acres  of  meadow  in  Cate,  together  with  Swain fon  of  Dune  de  Ercfcl),  with  his  toft  and  croft  and  two  oxgangs  of  land. Alarms  de  Kaiherton  confirmed  to  it  all  the  land,  viz.  two  oxgangs  his  anceftors  had  o-iven thereto  in  batljcrtmi. Enjlace  de  Slutevile  granted  to  it  four  oxgangs  of  land  in  the  territory  of  iiafxiffjoitic. Ernife  fon  of  Accus ,  mintmafter,  mone! arias  liber,  granted  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land  with his  capital  meffuage,  and  two  tofts  and  crofts  in  _p.  Ealtcn. Walter  Paine  and  Synthia  his  mother  granted  to  it  four  acres  of  land  in  ©cljthatm. William  fon  ot  Bolilda  granted  to  it  one  toft  and  half  an  acre  of  land  in  Clrctotra  fitter SDcrtocnt  s  and  a  place  in  pcrfcciit  for  a  fifljgartl). William  fun  of  Elias  de  Ergthorn  granted  thereunto  two  oxgangs  of  land  in ffjojnc. Geofry  Fumells  granted  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  jJtnDcrto. Richard  Sottden  fon  ol  Henry  granted  to  it  one  garb  out  of  a  carucate  of  land  in  cftn- tctbn. Waller  de  Akerford  and  his  wife  Ifabe! ,  daughter  of  Philip  de  Gayteftborpe ,  releafed  to  it  all their  right  in  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  (Eapfcttficrp  which  the  faid  hofpital  had  of  the  gift of  Godfrey  de  Overton. Richard  fon  ol  Walter  de  Grimejlon  granted  to  it  one  oxgang  of  land,  and  one  toft  in (ffinmclfon. Hugh  Barber  granted  to  it  the  mediety  of  llfalCS  in  ©rcrbroc. Sir  John  a  knights  fon  of  Fulk ,  [Johannes  miles  filius  Fulconis]  gave  to  it  half  a  carucate of  land  in  ©aifljtU Gamel  fon  of  laulf  de  Balbeleia  gave  to  it  all  his  land  in  Cfhlmchrobr. Richard  Salfariits  granted  thereunto  one  toft  in  the  town  of  |5tm03  mapltcbt,  containing four  acres,  and  fix  acres  of  arable  land  in  the  territories  of  the  fame. John  fon  of  Geofry  de  How  releafed  to  it  all  his  right  in  the  manor  town  and  territory  of l?0tu,  as  well  as  in  demefhe  as  fervices.  And  ratified  his  father  Geofry’s  donation  of  the fame. Geofry  fon  of  Robert  de  How  granted  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land  with  a  toft  and  croft  in HlJoto. Geofrey  ton  of  Geofry  de  Maugnebie  releafed  to  it  all  the  right  he  had  in  three  ox°-an<rs of  land  with  tofts  and  crofts  in  fpolU-  ° Robert  fon  of  William  de  Horneby  granted  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  Idorilcbu. Bertram  fon  of  Ralph  de  Horneby  granted  al!  the  part  of  his  land  at  Ihtlberc  lnitmiiKT and  his  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  the  territory  of  TOonicbp.  "  'S’ Thomas  Ion  ot  Lawrence  de  Horneby  granted  to  it  half  a  carucate  of  land  in  the  territory  of ■IgorncbE ;  and  alfo  pufture  for  one  hundred  fheep,  (Ac.  1 Hanco  de  Holcim  granted  to  it  all  his  land  in  pebona. .  William  fon  of  Pagan  de  Colebie  granted  to  this  hofpital  of  St.  Peter's  one  carucate  of  land in  pctoorfl;  ;  that  he  and  his  heirs  might  participate  of  the  benefits  of  that  houfe  both  in life  and  death,  (Ac. Temp  Hen.  III.  There  was  an  agreement  made  betwixt  the  mailer  and  brethren  of  this hofpital  of  St.  Peter’s  on  the  one  part,  and  the  mafler  and  brethren  of  the  hofpital  of  Jeru- fdem  of  the  other,  touching  common  of  pafture  in  the  fields  of  Ipimfmgfon,  (Ac.  from Martmmafs  yearly  ;  excepting  their  draught  oxen  which  were  to  pafture  there  before  that time. Thomas  fon  of  William  de  Thurfianland  granted  to  it  half  an  oxgang  of  land  in  tenle- bram  - Thomas  de  Hoby  granted  to  it  eight  acres  of  land  in  &t0Dfcl0  in  the  territory  of  iPobu. Thomas  de  Jermcic  granted  to  this  hofpital  one  oxgang  of  land  in  the  fields  of  JctnUjjr Jlngb  ton  of  Thomas  de  Jernwic ,  granted  thereunto  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  ©ernctac. Thomas  de  Jarnewic  granted  alfo  to  it  eight  acres  and  a  half  of  land,  and  one  toft  in  his demefne  in  the  town  and  fields  ol  Janttotr. Erase  fon  oi  hi  illiam  Darrel  granted  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  fiilfitfialr. Stltaruts  de  monajl.rns  granted  to  it  one  oxgang  of  land  with  a  toft  and  croft  in  the  town of  itatclmgtoit. Robert  ion  ot  Geofrcy  de  Pykehale  granted  to  it  one  oxgang  of  land  in  liiettltuafoit  with a  tore  and  a  crorr. Lifuirdus  de  Mafters  granted  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  liicrtltngfoil. IP  ilham  fon  oi  Robert  de  Slayncley  granted  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  KcrtlmgtCN. K°beri  de  Perce, o  granted  thereunto  one  carucate  of  land  in  Hici'cnt^  >  with  common  of pafture  in  the  field  and  mar/h.  1 (<?)  Ex  cl: art.  or ig,  emies. 4 William 3  3^  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. 'orii  am  (/>)  n~.Ul.im  fon  of  Robert  <1:  P credo  confirmed  to  it  one  carucate  of  land  in  ttci'Cllbcbp  ;  and Aut).  two  parts  of  a  culture  in  15tlcIjclDcDatle. Wild  am  <U  Lelay  granted  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  iLclap. Hugh  dr  Lelay  granted  eight  acres  of  land  in  the  field  of  iilclap- Michael  late  chaplain  of  the  hofpital  granted  to  it  fix  acres  of  land,  and  an  annual  rents  out of  his  miln  at  iUOC,  called  £)arU)arttjmiInc,  of  fix  (hillings  and  eight  pence. Walter  de  Mathum  granted  to  it  one  toft  and  eight  acres  of  land  in^ofctntott. Adam  de  Knapton  granted  all  £picIslemo:e. Richard  dr  Holthorpe  granted  to  it  all  his  land  in  $ctoton,  between  the  river  which  runs from  3g!)clcfccr  unto  the  divifions  of  3i5cntngburgl;. Juliana  de  Plaize  wife  of  Hugh  de  Gernewic  granted  to  it  one  oxgang  of  land  in  the  ter¬ ritory  of  j^ClDfon  fuper  £Dufc. John  fon  of  William  de  Ocketon  confirmed  one  oxgang  of  land  in  £DcfjCfon,  with  a  toft and  a  croft  which  Robert  his  grandfather  had  given  it,  as  alfo  five  acres  of  land  there. Level  de  Richmond  granted  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  ptcljala,  and  one  toft. Geifrey  fon  of  Salvayn  granted  three  acres  of  land  in  the  territory  of  pibala,  in  a  culture called  CinefurlanD. Hugo  de  Ravensfeld  and  Edith  his  wife  granted  feven  acres  of  land,  with  a  manfion  in iinbcncfcla. j ordain  Rattus  de  Ellejham  granted  all  his  land  and  effort  in  &amefl)Clm. Turgis  fon  of  Manger  de Swintune  granted  a  houfe,  toft  and  croft  in  ISugmoic. Peter  fon  of  John  Bengrant  gave  to  it  a  toft  and  croft,  and  nine  acres  of  land  in  JJlb William  fon  of  Roger  Barbot  granted  to  it  all  his  land  in  HtltgtoQBe- Geofny  de  Rughford  gCMKaA  twenty  acres  ofland  in  fcugfjfojD,  viz,  fifteen  acres  in  fcilDE;* fpbeflah  and  five  againft  S^ulcljatoe. Richard  fon  of  Thomas  de  Middleton  granted  three  oxgangs  of  land  in  the  town  of  tZU Mon. Akarius  de  Stamford  granted  to  it  one  toft  and  four  acres  of  land,  and  half  an  acre  of meadow  in  SCIarf. Robert  fon  of  William  de  Horneby  granted  all  his  miln  in  Malcbum. Wilu.au  de  St.  Eligio  and  Emma  his  wife  granted  to  it  the  mediety  of  all  Moo&boufe, which  gave  the  feefarm  rent  of  half  a  mark. Ralph  de  Wocdhoufe  granted  the  other  mediety  of  McoDboUte* Robert  Mauluvil  and  Johanna  his  wife  and  Sarah  her  (liter  releafed  to  it  all  their  right  in one  toft  and  croft,  and  twenty  acres  of  land  and  meadow,  with  apafture  for  twenty  fheep nine  oxen  and  cows  and  one  horfe  in  ftftretolj Adam  a  clerk  fon  of  Copfms  de  Cateriz  granted  to  it  twenty  acres  of  land  in  the  terri¬ tory  of  ©aitbctocll William  de  lrcbi  granted  to  it  forty  acres  ofland  beneath  ^KUpnaDsfcll  in  licnDale: Befides  thefe  they  had  the  benefit  of  feveral  obits  of  con fiderable  value,  which  I  (hall  not infert  the  particulars  of,  having  been  too  prolix  in  this  affair  already  (q). Thefe  pofieffions,  with  thofe  that  are  given  in  the  Monajlicon ,  and  their  large  tribute  of corn,  which  was  ftridlly  gathered  through  the  northern  counties,  mud  make  the  yearly  re¬ venues  of  this  hofpital  very  confiderable.  And  yet  the  whole,  befides  the  (heaves,  which I  fuppofe  dropped  of  themfelves  at  the  diffolution,  was  given  in  at  no  more  than  the  an¬ nual  rent  of  362  /.  n  j.  1  d.  i  Dudg.  Speed. Thomas  Magnus  mafter  of  this  hofpital,  with  the  unanimous  confent  of  the  whole  brother¬ hood,  furrendered  it  into  the  king’s  hands.  This  furrender  is  dated  in  their  chapter-houfe  Dec.  1 , in  the  thirty  firft  year  of  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  And  memorandum  that  the  day  and year  above  written,  the  (aid  mafter  and  brethren  came  before  Richard  Layton  and  Thomas Leigh ,  two  clerks  of  the  king’s  chancery,  in  the  chapter-houfe  belonging  to  the  hofpital  of ^cvnt  i.C0liart>5,  and  there  acknowledged  the  inftrumentof  furrender,  and  all  and  fingu- lar  in  it  contained  to  be  juft.  Clauf.  31  Hen.  VIII.  p.  4.  n.  18. This  Thomas  Magnus  had  other  preferments  bellowed  upon  him  ;  as  appears  by  his  epi¬ taph  in  the  church  of  Sezay,  in  this  county,  of  which  he  died  reftor,  as  follows, Jpcrc  Ipctlj  05r.  Syomas  Magnus  arcbDcaron  of  rtDing  of  (be  metropolitan  cljurclj  of ano  parfon  of  tljts  eburrb,  topo  DicD  rrbiii^ug.  an.  SDom.  spSDJl. Arms  in  a  window  there  for  him,  anno  1641. Bendy  of  fix  vert  and  gules,  a  fefs  or,  charged  with  a  lyon  paflant  entre  two  cinque foils  of  the  fecond  (rj. (p)  E.v  cr'g  omnes. ( q)  Orig  obit u urn  in  camera  ftp.  ponrem  Ufae  cum Cigill.  append,  cifi.  «.  4. (r)  Thefe  arms  Ihew  Thomas  a  gentleman  ;  though 'here  is  a  Grange  tiaditional  ftory  of  him,  at  Newark, where  he  founded  a  i'hool,  &c.  that  he  was  a  found¬ ling  child,  and  accidentally  taken  up  on  the  road  by  fome "Cork1: ire  clothiers,  who  had  him  baptized,  and  agreed to  bear  the  charge  of  keeping  and  educating  him amongft  them ;  for  which  reafon  he  got  the  name  of Thomas  Amang-us ,  after  changed  into  Magnus. Anno 4 :>  3  / Chap. VII. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. (s)  AnnoDom.  1544,  the  king  granted  the  firft  and  next advowfon  of  this  hofpital  ofBoo,TiiAM Sr.  Leonard's ,  then  laid  to  be  in  the  tenour  of  Thomas  Magnus ,  to  hr  Arthur  Darcy  and  VVARD- fir  Thomas  Clifford  knights,  and  John  Belles  gent,  their  executors  and  alfigns.  After  the dilfolution  our  archbifhops  ere&cd  their  mint  in  this  place,  from  whence  it  was  called Mini -yard\  a  name  it  retains  at  this  day.  Faffing  through  feveral  hands,  the  property  ofMlNT'VARDi the  ground  came  to  George  lord  Savile,  vifeount  Halifax  s  who  anno  1675,  fold  it  to  the mayor  and  commonality  tor  eight  hundred  pound.  It  is  certainly  the  intereft  of  the  city to  buy  up  as  many  of  thefe  privileged  places  as  they  can,  but  this  elpecially  ;  for  being  a large  and  convenient  fite,  there  was  an  attempt  made  to  have  erededa  mart  in  it,  an.  1637s but  upon  a  wri z  ad  quod  damnum ,  brought  by  the  city,  againft  it,  the  affair  was  crufhed  (l ). The  fite  of  this  antient  hofpital  is  now  converted,  and  let  out  to  leafe  by  the  commonality, for  the  building  of  feveral  good  houfes  with  gardens,  woodyards,  {tables,  &c.  though  fome part  of  the  old  building  {till  remains  to  view,  particularly  their  cloifters  j  by  which  we mayguefs  at  the  magnificence  of  the  reft.  This,  at  one  end  of  the  yard,  is  now  a  {table, at  the  other  it  is  put  to  fomewhat  a  better  ufe,  being  converted  into  wine-vaults  s  at  pre- fent  occupied  by  Mr.  Richard  Laufon  wine  merchant.  Sir  T.  IV.  laments  the  fall  of  this and  feveral  hofpitals  in  this  city  in  thefe  words,  there  were  formerly  many  hofpitals  in  this  ci¬ ty ,  and  fuch  hath  been  the  fate  and  injury  of  timi  upon  the  city  itfelf  that  mojl  of  the  inhabitants may  II  and  in  need  of  the  benefit  of  an  hofpitals  but  it  is  to  be  lamented  that  the  number  of  hofpitals is  decreafed  among  ft  us ,  fmee  the  number  of  poor  in  the  city  is  J'o  much  increafed  as  to  be  but  too fenffbly  felt  at  this  day  ( u ). The  forefaid  authority  informs  me  that  there  is  a  ftreet  in  this  city  which  was  antiently  p00TLEsg_ called  JfcDtlcfs  lanc,  in  the  parifh  of  St.  Wilfrid  s  wherein  ftands  an  houfe,  fays  fir  Thomas,  lanf. which  did  belong  to  Walter  Strickland  of  Boynton  efquire.  This  ftreet  is  over  againft  the gate  of  the  hofpital  of  St.  Leonard ,  where,  adds  he,  the  mafter  of  St.  Leonard's  ufed  to keep  difeafed  people  before  they  were  in  fome  meafure  helped  of  their  infirmities,  for  fear of  infedion.  This  I  take  to  be  the  lane  which  leads  down  to  the  river ;  where  Mr.  Gee's houfe  now  ftands. The  ftreet  which  comes  up  by  another  old  gate  of  the  hofpital,  over  which  is  the  ancient figure  of  St.  Peter  or  St.  Leonard ,  and  is  the  only  entrance  into  the  Mint-yard ,  is  called by  fome  Finkle,  or  Frinkle -ftreet  •,  but  wrong,  for  this  I  take  to  be  the  real  Lendell ,  orFlNCKLE ileonat'DS-'fjtll,  mentioned  before.  I  muft  not  omit  a  publick  inn  here,  of  great  refort, STREET though  without  a  fign  i  good  wine,  with  good  ufage,  needs  no  inviting  bufh  •,  the  houfe is  kept  by  Mr.  George  Gibfon ,  and  his  {tables,  fufficient  for  two  hundred  horfes,  or  more, are  in  the  Mint-yard.  At  the  upper  end  of  the  ftreet,  within  the  clofe  of  the  old  hofpital, fir  William  Robinfon  bart.  fometime  member  for  the  city,  has  built  a  handfome  houfe  s  whofe portal  is  adorned  with  the  city’s  arms,  as  holding  the  ground  by  leafe  from  the  commo¬ nality  ;  being  within  the  clofe  of  St.  Leonard's  hofpital.  Oppofite  to  this  houfe  is, Blakeftreet ,  or  rather  (x)  from  its  lying  almoft  open  to  the  northwinds.  blake- In  this  ftreet  ltood  formerly  a  parifh  church  dedicated  to  St.  Wilfrid ,  which  was  an  antientsTREE-r. redory  ;  being  mentioned,  amongft  the  churches  that  were  in  Fork,  before  theconqueft,  inthec^wr^0/  St book  o  fDoomfday.  This  church  was  given  by  Richard  fon  of  Fin  to  the  abbey  of  St  .Mary's  Fork  s WlLFR which  religious  houfe  had  the  patronage,  and  received  out  of  it  the  annual  penfion  of  half a  mark,  payable  by  the  redor.  At  the  union  of  churches  this  pariffi  was  united  to  Bell- frays  s  but  with  this  particular  reftridion,  that  if  ever  the  parijhioners  think  fit  to  rebuild their  church ,  the  parifh  fhould  remain  as  before.  But  this  is  never  likely  to  be,  for  by  what means  I  know  not,  the  fite  of  the  church  and  church  yard  is  now  built  with  dwelling  houfes, or  turned  into  gardens.  Towards  Blake-ftreet ,  where  the  church  ftood,  the  late  major  Wyvil built  a  fine  houfe  •,  and  Dr.  Wintringham' s  houfe  ftands  in  the  church  yard  s  in  digging the  foundations  of  the  latter  feveral  cart  loads  of  human  bones  were  thrown  up. Flemyng’j  chantry. There  was  a  very  remarkable  chantry  founded  in  this  church  of  St.  Wilfrid  at  the  altar  Lord-mayor of  St.  Mary ,  for  the  foul  of  Nicholas  Flemyng  mayor  of  Fork,  who  was  {lain  at  the  battle  ll11>  1 3I2> of  Myion  by  the  Scots,  anno  1319,  and  here  buried.  Value  unknown.  \Vit’ Anno  1320,  11  kal.  Sept,  an  indulgence  was  granted  of  forty  days  relaxation  of  fins  to  1319.  3 all  the  parifhioners  thereof,  who,  being  truly  penitent,  contrite  and  confeffed,  fhould  in  a faithful  mind  lay  for  his  foul  the  Lord’s  prayer  and  the  falutation  of  the  bleffed  virgin. October  21,  nine  days  after  the  battle,  I  find  that  Elena ,  widow  to  the  mayor,  took  her folcmn  oath  of  chaftity  from  the  facred  hands  of  William  de  Melton  archbifhop  of  Fork,  with¬ in  the  chapel  of  his  manor  of  Thorpe  (y ). In  this  ftreet,  whilft  I  am  writing,  is  now  a  building,  and  pretty  near  finifhed  (z),  a  Assembly- rooms. (<)  Ex  MS.  Torre If)  Ex  MS.  penes  trie. {■<)  Ex  MS.  fir  T.  IV. V-V)  llT  t  Call  lit),  vcntHs  algiJus,  ftc  dfBus.  quia  in- *  /  fngus  p. -tin Jos  homines  efpeit,  Alhulit  G>.  IUuj^V, debilis,  imbed  Hi, .  Skinner. (7)  Ex  MS.  Torre. (z.)  The  whole  is  now  finifhed  and  the  rooms  finely illuminated  with  luftres  of  an  extraordinary  fize  and magnificence ;  the  largcft  of  which,  with  many  other ornaments,  as  chimney  pieces,  qc.  were  the  gifts  of the  noble  architeft  of  the  building. 4  R  magnificent 4- Bootham WARD. St.  Michae: Belfrays. Feafamb «S«: The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. magnificent  affembly-room ,  for  the  gentry  of  the  city  to  meet  in  throughout  the  year,  and  for the  entertainment  of  the  nobility,  gentry,  &e.  who  ufually  honour  our  horferaces  with  the  ir prefence.  The  room  is  an  antique  Egyptian  ball ,  but  the  dimenfions  and  grandeur  of  the building  will  be  beft  underftood  by  the  adjoining  plan,  fe&ion,  and  upright  of  it.  The defign  was  firft  feton  foot  by  a  fet  ol  publick  fpirited  gentlemen,  for  the  moil  part  refident in  the  city,  who  put  out  propofals  for  raifing  the  fum  of  firll  three  then  four  thoufand  pound for  the  carrying  on  and  ere&ing  this  ufeful  and  ornamental  ftrudure.  The  fubfc:  iption  met with  great  encouragement  from  the  nobility  and  gentry  of  the  county,  and  fevcral  other parts  of  the  kingdom  •,  and  though  the  expence  has  over-run  the  firft  or  fecond  propofals  ; yet  no  gentleman  can  be  uneafy,  when  at  the  fmall  bequeft  of  twenty  five  pound  he  is  a  pro¬ prietor  in  one  ot  the  fineft  rooms  in  Europe.  The  defign  was  taken  by  that  truly  EiMifh Vitruvius,  Richard  earl  of  Burlington  from  Palladio;  who  gives  the  plan but  tells  you  that  it  never  was  executed  out  of  Egypt.  Our  noble  lord  finding  that  the ground  the  gentlemen  had  bought  would  accept  of  this  grand  defign,  fomewhat  altered  in its  dimenfions  from  Palladio ,  threw  it  in,  and  added  the  common  aflembly  room,  &c.  on one  fide,  and  the  offices  on  the  other,  as  further  conveniences.  The  firft  encouragers  of  a work  of  this  nature,  fo  much  for  the  credit  of  both  city  and  countrey,  ought  to  have  their names  handed  down  to  pofterity.  I  have  for  that  purpofe  caufed  the  propofals,  an  abftracl of  the  purchafe  deeds  of  the  ground,  the  names  of  the  firft  chofen  ftewards  to  the  building with  an  exaCt  lift  of  the  fubferibers  to  be  all  placed  in  the  appendix  (a ).  Before  the  buildino- of rhefe  rooms  the  ftreet  ran  up  near  parallel  with  the  great  houfe  facing  it  ;  but  the  proprie¬ tors  have  lately  purchafed  all  the  houfes  from  the  new  building  to  the  end  of  the  ftreet;  itnd by  pulling  them  all  down  a  handfome  area  is  now  made  before  it.  Towards  which  good work,  a  thing  much  wanted  in  fcveral  other  parts  of  the  city,  the  lord-mayor  and  com¬ monalty  gave  fifty  pounds. Through  a  Jane,  called  Lop ,  Lob  or  Loup-lane ,  which  laft  feems  to  come  from  the  Belgick T  CDpen  eurrere ;  or  from  an  image  of  St.  Loup,  or  Lupus ,  who  with  his  companion  S.  Ger¬ man  was  formerly  highly  reverenced  here  for  putting  a  flop  to  the  Pelagian  her efy,  we  come from  Blake-Jlreet  into  Peter -gate ;  at  the  north  end  of  which  Hands  Bootbam-bar.  The  ftru- dture  of  this  port  is  very  ancient,  being  almoft  wholly  built  of  the  gritt,  but  wanting  that Symmetry  fo  very  confpicuous  in  the  arch  in  Mickle-gate  bar ,  it  is  certainly  Gothick ,  though built  of  Roman  materials.  The  infide  was  rebuilt  with  free  ftone  1719- In  Petergate ,  on  the  old  wall  of  the  clofe  of  York,  Hands  the  parifti  church  of  St.  Michael de  Berefrido ,  or  le  IBeUfrap.  It  can  derive  this  name  from  nothing  but  Handing  near  the turris  campanfera ,  or  Bellfray  of  the  cathedral,  to  diftinguifli  it  from  the  other  St.  Mi¬ chael. This  church  is  accounted  parcel  of  the  ancient  poffeffions  of  the  dean  and  chapter  of  York<, and  anno  1 194,  was  confirmed  to  them  by  the  apoftolical  authority  of  pope  Celejline  HI.  It was  as  an  appendant  to  the  vicarage  of  Sc.  Martyn’s  Conyng-Jlrcet ,  and  anciently  granted  with it  by  the  dean  and  chapter.  This  church  is  called  a  reCtory,  or  parochial  church,  appendant to  the  revenues  of  the  dean  and  chapter,  by  whom  it  is  ufually  demifed  to  the  incumbent  at the  rent  of  ten  pounds  per  annum ,  and  fometimes  under. There  is  no  fucceffion  ot  incumbents  to  this  church,  in  regard  they  were  not  canonically inftituted  thereto  ;  it  being  no  reftory  prefentative,  collative,  or  donative,  but  ufually  let to  farm  to  him  that  ferves  the  cure.  The  fabrick  being  become  exceeding  ruinous,  the whole  was  taken  down  and  rebuilt  in  the  manner  it  ftands  in  at  this  day.  The  pile  is  fup- ported  within  by  two  rows  of  light  Gothick  pillars  of  excellent  architecture,  and  the  inferip- tions  which  were  in  the  windows,  according  to  Mr.  Dodfworth ,  prove  it  to  have  been  erefted anno  1535,  and  to  have  been  ten  years  in  building.  The  altar-piece  compofed  of  four  pil¬ lars  of  the  Corinthian  order,  with  the  entablature,  arms  of  England ,  cs ic.  all  of  oak,  was let  up  anno  1714,  at  the  charge  of  the  parilh.  At  the  fame  time  was  a  thorough  regulation of  all  the  pews  in  the  church,  and  it  was  alfo  wainfeotted  about.  The  organ,  the  only  one belonging  to  any  parifti  church  in  town,  came  from  the  popijh  chapel  in  the  manor;  but  was firft  had  from  the  church  of  Durham ,  as  the  arms  upon  it  do  fhow.  In  the  organ-loft  were lately  erefted  feats  for  the  charity  boys,  whoconftantly  come  to  hear  divine  fervice  in  this church  on  Sundays.  Under  the  w'indowj  on  the  north  fide  of  the  church,  outwardly,  be¬ twixt  the  buttreffes,  are  the  arms  of  St.  William ,  archbifhop  Zouch ,  St.  Peter,  the  fees  of York  and  London ,  four  levcral  times  over  in  ftone. Mr.  Dodjivorth  has  preferved  the  ancient  epitaphs,  and  the  inferiptions  which  were  in  the windows  in  his  time,  as  follows : Peter  Feafamb  efquier ,  her  ma.jejlyes  attorney  before  her  highnefs ,  and  her  council  in  thefe  north partes ,  langui/Jjing  in  ficknefs ,  as pieafed  our  gratious  God ,  the  14111  February  1587,  did willingly  yield  his  immortal  Joule  into  the  hands  of  his  redeemer  Chrili,  and  did  leave  his  mortal (*)  I  niufc  not  omit  that  a  latin  infeription  was  done  &c.  March  the  \J1,  1730,  under  the  north  cad  corner  j n  braf;  and  rivetted  into  the  fird  done  of  the  building  a  copy  of  which  I  have,  but  I  hope  the  original  will which  was  laid  with  great  folcronity  by  the  lord-mayor,  lye  buried  for  many  ages. body ■  ■  yzt/^  ia)6uym<f Chap.  VII.  of  the  CITY  of  \  ORK.  3  3^ body  to  this  earth ,  untill  the  hoped  day  of  his  rcfurrcSlion,  where  body  and  Joul  uni  ted  Jhall  enjoy  Boo  /  h  .« the  crown  purchafed  for  them  that  look  and  watch  for  the Jiiddein  glorious  coming  of  our  anointed  V/A  11  ■ Saviour. Jill  hisdayes  in  this  exile  were  about  forty  fix  years.  Come  lord  Jefus  hajien  to  and  tarry  rot , even  foe .  Amen. litre  lyeth  Jane  wife  to  John  Waterhoufe  of  Shibden  in  the  county  of  Yorke  efquier ,  who  dyed^'f^0^ the  frjl  day  of  May  1592! litre  lyeth  the  body  of  Richard  Calam  draper ,  mayor  of  this  cittye  in  the  yere  of  our  Lord  God CAm  1580 1596  who  departed  forthe  of  this  tranfitory  lyfe  to  the  mercy  of  almighty  God  the  16th  day  of February  anno  Dom.  1 580  :  And  lady  Jane  his  wyfe ,  who  departed  forthe  of  this  tranfitonc lyfe  to  the  mercy  of  God  the  20 lb  day  of  November  1581. Dominus  Deus  adjutor  mens. Sub  hoc  marmore  requiefeunt  Georgius  Evers  feriba  regijlrarius  dum  vixit  almae  curiae  Ebor.  F-7ers  1 520- Beatrix  uxor  ejujdem  una  cum  filiis  eorundem.  Qui  quidem  Georgius  obiit  xxi.  die  menfts Oiflobris,  anno  Domini  MCCCCCXX. Here  lyeth  Francis  Cooke,  late  of  the  cittye  of  York,  gentleman ,  one  of  the  attorneys  of  the  com-  Cooke  15  S3. mon  pleas  at  Wefhninfter,  who  departed  this  lyfe  to  the  mercy  of  God  the  26th  day  of  May anno  Dom.  1583. Hie  jacet  fepultum  cadaver  pii  probique  viri  Willielmi  Fothergill  notarii  public:,  miper  almae  Fothergill curiae  confiforialis  Eboracenfis  procuratorum  gencralium  unites.  Qtti  obiit  xvii0  die  menfis  1610. Martii  anno  a  nativitate  Chrifti  fecundum  computat.  eccl.  Ang.  m  dcx. Urfula  Fothergill  late  wife  of  William  Fothergill,  is  here  buried ,  who  deceafed  April  20,  idem  1614. 1614. Here  lyeth  Barbara  late  wyef  of  Anthony  Teyll  gentleman,  who  dyed  the  2  6th  day . Teyle  1600. anno  Dom.  1600. ^cre  under  ffjts  ffono  Ipcffj  John  Johnfon  merchant,  and  | \)ia  ftuo  totfes  Katherine  and johnfon Elizabeth,  of  inljofC  foulCS  Cod  IjatJC  rncrcp,  December  9,  1483.  H83- Here  lyeth  the  dead  corps  of  majler  Percivall  Crawfourth,  fomelyme  major  of  this  cittye  of  Yorke,  Crawfbrth who  departed  out  of  this  inferable  and finfull  worlde  unto  the  mercy  of  almighty  God  May  12,  !57°- in  the  yere  of  our  Lord  God  1570. Hie  jacet  corpus  Elizabethae  Atkinfon  dudum  conjugis  benigniffmae  Johannis  Atkinfon  hujus  ci-  Atkinfon vitatis  Ebor.  notarii  publici ,  quae  ut  fobrie  honefleque  vixit  ita  piiffme  decejfit  19  Auguft.  anno '594 Dom.  1 594.  aet.  36. Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Thomas  Fale,  fometyme  common  clerk  of  this  cittye  of  Yorke,  who  departed  Pale  1 570. fourth  of  this  tranfildrie  lyef  to  the  mercy  of  allmighty  God  March  13,  1570. John  Killingbeck,  a  devout,  charitable ,  and  mofl  patient  man,  unwilling  to  hurt  or  offend  any  Killingbcck by  word  or  deed ,  a  rare  example  in  thefe  days,  whofe  good  lief,  a  comfort  and  pattern  to  his  po-  1S9I- Jlerity ,  ended  when  he  had  lived  above  eighty  three  yeres,  the  18th  day  of  March  1591. 34  Eliz. 2Df  pur  cljaritg  p?ap  fo;  flje  foules  of  Kidjard  Crafoif[),  liBeafrir  fjiss  tef  and  fljeir  ftuo  craforth. rjjtldren. 2D?afe  p’o  anima  magiffrt  Cilbcrfi  ppncljbcck  et  Cpargarctte  urojts  fuc.  Pynchbeck. met  SOiomas  ae  ffiolqm  quonaam  cibis  ctbocaci  ct . utoj  cjus,  quojum  b0j animabus  pjopiCtctuc  SDcus.  amen,  qui  obiit  SI . >4  Jcftt  Cljritti  et  matris  cjus  glojiofUnme  ojate  pto  anima  fratris  Millielmi  CoSetbum,  Cokerbom qui  obiit  rib  Die  menfts  £tnguti.  3.  HDom.  £T)GCCC  ortabo,  cujus  antme  mopitietuc  h°S- jDeus. >4  jjjic  jacet  Hgucs  Bullet,  cujus  antme  pjopitiefur  25eus.  Bailcr. INSCRIPTIONS  and  ARMS  which  were  formerly  in  the  windows  of  this  charch from  Mr.  Dodfworth’r  Manufcript . In  three  windows  on  the  north  fide  of  the  church : ARMS.  Azure,  three  Suns  or.  two  and  one.  Archbilhop  Zouch. * jff  cSaritH  Ptaq  foj  ttje  foulc  of  £gr.  CIjnttopljcc  Ccel,  cljantct  of  fljc  cfjurctjc  ofCeel po?Kc,  and  fomefgmc  rtcrfc  of  &t.  Peter’s  moults ;  of  inljofe  demotion  fljts  iuindotu  fcuas  5 Slnfca  iit  ttje  terc  of  out  Iloja  <BoJs  ®  CCCiEGHTJEiaj, *  ffljatc  pjo  anima  jpagtffri  Iljugoms  ac  ailjctoii  quonaam  canonici  teGaenfiatii  eccl.  ratije--  A(hKM scans  Eboj.  cujus  sebotioiic  Ijec  fcncltra  bitceafa  fuiC,  fl,  £>om.  fpilleftmo  quingen* 4 ARMS The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. ARMS  quarterly,  i.  Argent ,  three  bars  fable ,  a  border  ingrayled  fable.  2.  Argent , a  chevron  entre  three  rofe  chaplets  gules.  3.  as  2.  4.  as  1. JJDf  pour  ctjaritic  piap  fa  tfjc  foulcs  of  Q&artin  &o?a,  Ije  toas  fomctpmc  fljcriff  of  J9o:Iic,  ano SolDfmptf),  bojn  in  &papnc,  anD  CDllcn  Ijis  Votcf,  toijo  caufco  tlj ts  tomDolu  to  be  maDc  of ips  cote  ano  cIjarDgcs  in  tljc  pcrc  of  our  Ilo.iD  <0oD . In  the  fouth  eaft  window. JaTf  pour  cfjarifp  piap  foi  tljc  foulcs  of  Wiliam  5uonfon  anD . In  the  windows  on  the  fouth  fide. El  wild.  £)f  p0in:  cfjaritp  piap  foi  tljc  foulcs  of  ££r.  Holm  dHltualo,  fomcfpmc  major  of  tin's  ctffpc,  anD 2Damc  agues  fjis  tuief,  anD  foi  tijc  foulcs  of  £pr.  Robert  CltoalD,  fomcfpme  ttjcriffe  ano alDcrman  of  tijc  fame  rittpc  anD  elicit  ljts  tuief,  tuljo  caufcD  tijts  toinDototo  be  mate  at  his pjopcrcoffs  ano  cIjarDgcs  in  tljcperc  of  ourllojD  <ZSoD  15  .  .  . Uftar  1535.  foi  t fjc  foulcs  of  spt.  Holjn  Htftar  fomctpmc  tfccriffe  of  |0oikc  anD  fjis  tfjrec  inifes tuljtcf) . a.  2Dom.  gp.CCCCC.^tfiJa.  * Marfar  1535.  £Df  pour  cljaritp  piap  foi  tfjc  foule  of  £pr.  SCfjomas  S^arfar,  roniefpme  clerk  of  &t.  peters fooikes,  in  luljofc  tpmc  tijts  cfjurefj  toas  nctolp  elect  ano  builocD,  anD  of  Ijis  Demotion  caufcD this  toinDoto  to  be  glafcD  toitfj  fjis  oton  colts  anD  cljarDges,  0.  jBDom.  S0illcOmo  ouincreiT- tefimoggiffl, £)f  pour  cljaritp  piap  foi  ttjc  foule  of  tyr.  Joint  Coltman,  late  fubtfjefaurer  of  tfje  cljurcfa  of iPoikc,  anD  clerk  of  &t.  peters  tooikes . of  ttjc  firft  done totoarDs  flje  building  tl;is  cijurcij;  it  toas  tfje  perc  of  our  JloiD  jpcCCCCjBfc®. £Df  pour  cljaritp  piap  foi  tlje  foulcs  of  WUtam  Jfiecktoitfj  anD  Jane  ijis  toief  .... . IBcrktottfj  anD  Ztm  ijis  tuief,  totjicfj  caufpD  this  toinDoto  to  be glafpD  tf.jDom.  S^.CGCCC.fii  ♦  ♦  ♦ The  INSCRIPTIONS,  &c.  that  follow  are  from  Mr.  Tone's  Manufcript,  and what  are  to  be  feen  in  the  church  at  prefent. Under  the  table  of  benefactions. Cooke.  Hers  lyeth  the  body  of  Edward  Cooke,  allied  and  long  tyme  brought  up  at  the  foot  of  that  famous and  worthy  learned  man  of  his  tyjne  fir  Edward  Coke,  knight ,  lord  cheef  juftice  of  England, and  one  of  his  majefties  mojl  honourable  privy  counfell. ARMS  in  brafs.  A  chevron  cheque  entre  three  cinque  foils;  a  crefcent  difference. Bhckbeard  Here  lyeth  the  body  of  that  worthy  and  ufeful gentleman  Mr.  Nicholas  Blackbeard,  who  after  he >671.  had  been  town-clerk  of  this  city  twenty  five  years,  and  with  great  prudence  and  faithfulnefs ferved  his  generation,  fweetly  Jleepeth  in  the  Lord  May  27,  1671.  aet.  59. Vixit  poll  funera  virtus. Sarcophago  content  a  jacet ,  fed  mar  more  digna. Medley  1691.  (b)  Hie  inhumatum  corpus  optimae  foeminae  Dorotheae,  nuperrimae  conjugis  Roberti  Medley curiae  Ebor.  advocati ,  ortu  tam  pater  no  quam  et  mater  no  generis  Must  r  is,  utpote  natae  Guliel- mi  Grimftone  de  Grimeftone-garth  armigeri ,  ex  fecundis  nuptiis ,  fcil.  a  ...  ,  JMa domini  Roberti  Strickland  de  Thornton-briggs,  mil.  Quae,  dum  in  vivis  extiterit ,  virum ejus  amore  et  foecunditate,  liberos  maternd  indulgentia,  et  amicos  nativa  fua  affabilitate  bea- vit.  Ante  obitum ,  multa  quidem  et  afpera  chrifliand  potius  quam  virili  paticnlid ,  diu  fttmmijfe tulit.  Tandem  mundanis  omnibus  relidlis,  et  familiaribus  valediftis,  pacem  fuam  cum  Deo  con- ciliavit ;  et  fic  e  vita  placide  emigravit  17  die  menfis  Augufti  anno  Dom.  1691. Coltman. Beckwith 1530. ys  1626.  Here  lyeth  the  body  of  fir  George  Ellys,  one  of  the  mofl  honourable  councel  cjlablifjed  in  the  north, who  departed  this  life  May  22,  1626.  aet.  59. ARMS  quarterly.  Firft  and  laft,  or  on  a  crofs  fable ,  five  crefcents  of  the  firft.  Ellys. Second  and  third,  a  fefs  entre  three  mullets. Marwood  Here  lyeth  interred  the  body  of  fir  George  Marwood  of  Little-Bufbye  in  the  county  of  York, ‘63  •  baronet,  who  married  Frances  one  of  the  daughter r  of  fir  Walter  Bethell  of  Alne,  knight ,  by whom  hehadfeven  fotis  and  feven  daughters.  He  dyed  Feb.  19,  168  .  .  being  then  upwards of  eighty  four  years  of  age. ARMS  impaled,  1.  Gules,  a  chevron  ermine  entre  three  goats  heads  erafed  arg.  Marwood. 2.  Argent,  a  chevron  inter  three  boars  heads  trunked  fable,  langued  gules.  Bethell. Yarborough  John  Yarborough,  youngefl  fon  to  Edmond  Yarborough  and  Sarah  his  wife  was  here  buried  the 1653.  '  3^  0/ February  1653,  aged  twenty  four  years. (b)  Mr.  Torre  ha<  given  this  epitaph  for  the  lady  with  does  not  appear  that  it  was  ever  put  up  for  her  in  the this  further  encomium,  that  fie  deferved  a  memorial  in  church. ir.ifs  end  trouble  belter  than  is  here  dezifed  for  her.  But  it ARMS. Chap.  VII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  34i ARMS.  Party  per  pale  argent  and  azure ,  on  a  chevron  inter  three  chaplets  counter- Sooth  am changed,  a  martlett.  ward. Here  lyeth  the  body  of  William  St.  Nicholas,  fecond  fon  to  Thomas  St.  Nicholas  of  Afhe  near  st.  Nicholas Sandwich  in  the  county  of  Kent,  efquire ,  by  Sufannah  his  wife  daughter  of  William  Copley  1648. of  Wadworth  in  this  county ,  efquire,  deceafed  November  20,  1648,  in  the  eighth  year  of  his age. Here  lyeth  Margaret  and  Elizabeth  Topham,  daughters  both  to  Francis  Topham  of  Aggie- Topham thorp  efquire ,  and  Mary  his  wife ,  which  Margaret  and  Elizabeth  both  died  in  January  1 643.  1643. Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Thomas  Dawney  late  of  Selby  efquire ,  fon  of  Thomas  Dawney  (/Sutton-  Dawncy Manor  in  Coldfield  in  Warwicklhire  efquire ,  who  departed  this  life  the  2 yth  day  of  Decern- 1683  • ber  1683,  aged  forty  four  years. ARMS.  Sable,  three  annuletts  inter  two  cottifes  argent. Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Thomafin  wife  to  William  Farrer  of  Ewode,  within  the  vicarage  of  Hal-  Farrcr  1 66c. lifax,  and  county  of  York,  efquire ,  daughter  of  Richard  James  of  Portfmouth  efquire ,  who departed  this  life  Jan.  10,  1660. Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Mrs.  Jane  Adams  daughter  of  fir  William  Adams  late  of  Owfton  knight,  Adams  ,684 who  departed  this  life  the  29th  day  of  January  1 684. Here  lyeth  alfo  interred  the  body  of  Thomas  Adams  efquire,  recorder  of  the  city  of  York,  fon  of  Adams  [-32 the  above  fir  William  Adams,  who  died  April  7,  1722,  aged  fixty  fix  years. Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Mrs.  Mary  Adams,  daughter  of  the  abovenamed  fir  William  Adams  who  Adanjs  1730. departed  this  life  July  15,  1730. Here  lyeth  the  bodies  of  John  Thorne  of  the  city  of  Yorke  gent,  who  deceafed  Jan.  15,  i6iq,  Thorne  l6l9- aet.  68.  And  William  Thorne  his  fon,  batchelor  of  arts,  who  deceafed  June  10,  1617. Here  refeth  the  body  of  Thomas  Mafterman,  late  of  this  city  of  York,  doff  or  of  phyfck,  buried  Mafterman December  1,  anno  Dom.  1656.  '  ’  i656- Here  lyeth  the  body  of  John  Gill,  late  fon  of  Thomas  Gill  of  Barton  in  the  county  of  York  gent. Gi]1  1686- who  departed  this  life  Nov.  25,  1686,  aged  nineteen  years. Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Mr.  John  Pepper,  who  died  October  4,  anno  Dom.  1633.  Pepper  1633. Here  lyeth  the  body  of  James  Montaign  of  Wefton  efquire,  in  the  eaft  riding  of  the  county  e/Montaign York,  ob.  Nov.  2?  1697,  who  married  Margaret  the  daughter  of  William  St.  Quindn  of 1697 ' Hayton  efquire,  and  had  by  her  one  only  daughter  the  loft  of  that  name.  Vivit  poft  funera virtus. Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Thomas  Wakefield  the  fon  of  William  Wakefield  of  Huby,  efquire,  Wakefield who  departed  the  firfi  of  April  1717.  2  1717. Hunc  juvenem  tantum  moestis  oftendit  amicis. Tunc  migrare  jubet  magnusad  aftra  Deus. Here  lyeth  alfo  Dorothy  wife  of  the  above  William  Wakefield,  and  mother  to  Thomas,  who  Wakefield departed  this  life  March  2 5,  1722.  (c)  ’  1722. A  R  M  S  on  the  done  quarterly.  Firft  and  third,  a  chevron  inter  three  water  budgets fecond  and  laft,  three  bars  on  a  chief  three  martlets. Here  lyes  the  body  of  Thomas  Wanlefs,  gent,  who  departed  this  life  Feb.  2 ,  1 7 1 1 .  Wanlefs Here  lyes  the  body  e/Mary  Wanlefs,  the  wife  of  Tho.  Wanlefs,  gent,  one  of  the  daughters  ofw  1  c Henry  Harnfon  late  of  Holtby  in  the  county  of  York,  efquire,  who  deceafed  December  27 1710.  /’ 1711. 1710. Here  lyes  the  daughter  of  Rob.  Stouteville,  efquire  ;  alfo  Mr.  John  Clofe  of  Richmond  ifcrfstoutwil March  22,  1722.  Clofc  i7z'i. Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Thomas  Pretton,  gent,  late  of  this  parifh,  who  married  Elizabeth  dough-  Prdloa  ,6a ter  of  Darcy  Conyers,  efquire,  with  whom  he  had  fix  children,  three  fans  and  three  daughters  ■  V he  died  the  lafl  day  of  March  1 69 1 ,  aged  forty  nine. Here  lyeth  alfo  the  body  of  Elizabeth  the  wife  of  thefaid  Thomas  Prefton,  formerly  wife  of  Hen-  Prcllon  ,7oo ry  Harrifon  /  Holtby,  efquire,  who  departed  the  lajl  of  May  1709,  aged Jix ty  nine. Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Francis  Wyvil,  efquire,  who  died  Oftober  22,  1717.  in  the  71/ Wyyil  ,7,7 year  of  his  age.  He  was  fecond  fon  of  fir  Chriftopher  Wyvill,  baronet,  of  Burton  in  the north-riding  of  the  county  of  York. (c)  Here  lyes  alfo,  as  yet  without  any  memorial, that  worthy  gentleman  William  Wakefield  efquire,  whole great  fkill  in  architecture  will  always  be  commended,  as long  as  the  houfes  of  Buncombe  park  and  Gillinp-caflle Hull  ftand. 4s Here 34*- feoOTf!  AM WARD. Wyvil  1718 Thurcrofs 1644. Tildefley 1635. Walker  1687 Parker  1692. Sugar  1 7 1 1 . Philips  1721 . Forcer  1728. Squire  1707. White  1715". Vavafour. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. lieu  lyetb  alfi  Ibt  body  of  Ann  bis  wife,  who  died  Feb.  4,  1718.  in  the  feventy  firjt  tear  of  her .  age.  She  was  daughter  of  fir  William  Cayley,  baronet,  of  Brampton  in  the  wrtb-ridinr  of the  county  of  York.  6  ' Bonne  famae  clariffimae  ....  Elizabetha . , qua:  fuperps  emieuit  propria  pietate  et  virlute  mine  cufit  fplendere  radiis  marili  D.  timothei Thurcrofs;  exuviae  mortalitatis  hie  depofuit  an.  ultimae  patientiae  fan  ft  or  uni  1644.  circa  diffi- cillimum  illud  tempus  obfidionis  et  redditionis  hujus  urbis; Quam  qui  non  praecefierit  fequetur, Hk  requiefti  angeli  tubam  expellansvir  clarifftmus  Thomas  Tildefley  miles  nuper  de  confilio  do - vwn  noftri  regis  in  partibus  Angliae  borealibus  praebonorabilis  in  ordinario ;  qui  cumfatis  na- turae  ac  famae ,  amici s  auiem  et  pauperibus  nonfatis ,  vixififet ,  placida  morte  animam  Deo  red¬ didit  xvi  die  April  is  anno  falutis  humanae  m  dc  xxxv.  aet.fuae  lxxviii.  et  fidelis  fervitii  in eodein  confilio  xix.  Mortuo  non  deniges  grav . Piae  memoriae  defideratifunae  conjugis  Annae,  cujus  corpus  prope  hie  repoftum  jacet ,  filiae  Jo- hanms  Pierfon  nuper  de  Lowthorpe  in  agro  Ebor.  arm.  Gulielmus  Walker,  LL.  B.  hoc quafi  ultimum  conjugate  debit  urn,  moeflijfme  folvit  aepofuit.  Ob.  19  Maii  1687.  aet.fuae  25/ P arvula  pumilio  Xctynm  uTa  lota  merum  fal. Conditur  mhoc  coemeterio  Francifcus  Parker  notarius ,  dum  vixit ,  publicus,  procur.  cur.  confijlor. Ebor.  et  regijl.  arch.  Clevelandiae.  Obiit  17  Maii  an.  fal.  1692.  aet.fuae  80. Hie  jacet  Nicholas  Sugar  olim  reg.  gen.  rever.  archp.  Ebor.  qui  pojl  70  an.  nat.  arthritide  laf- fat.  ab  hac  luce ,  non  invite ,  migravit  28  Martis  an.dom.  17 11. Hie  jacent  reliquiae  Mariae  Philips,  virginis  ornatijfunae.  Pofuit  mater  moerens,  et  quafi  ad  mo¬ mentum  plorans.  Obiit  2  Jun.  1721. Here  lyes  depofited  the  body  of  Mrs.  Eliz.  Forcer,  a  mojl  vertuous  and  accomplijhcd  young  gentle¬ woman,  of  noble  family  more  noble  in  piety.  She  died  Aug.  2 1 ,  1728. Seminatur  in  ignobilitate,  furget  in  gloria. It  is  laid  down  in  obfeurity ,  will  rife  in  glory. Phis  was  placed  by  her  mojl  affeftionate  fijler  Mary  Forcer,  fill  weeping  and  with  love  and  grief almojl  confumed  for  they  were  always  one  heart  and  one  foul. A  monument  of  white  marble  with  two  effigies  at  full  length,  a  man  and  woman,  under them  this  infeription : Phis  monument  is  facred  to  the  memory  of  Robert  Squire  of  the  city  of  York,  efquire,  and  Prif- cilla  his  wife\  a  man  whofe  good  nature,  good  fenfe  and  generofity  rendered  him  moft  per  fed  in all  the  relative  duties  of  life-,  and  a  wife  worthy  fuch  a  hufband.  He  was  the  fifth  fon  of William  Squire  of  Ulkelf  in  the  weft  riding  of  Yorldhire,  efquire,  remarkable  in  our  unhap¬ py  civil  wars  for  his  unwearied  loyalty  and  courage,  by  Ann  his  fecond  wipe,  daughter  Wil¬ liam  Savile  of  Copley  in  the  fame  county,  efquire  noted  alfo  for  his  loyalty,  by  Jane  his  wife, only  ftfter  and  heirefs  to  John  lord  Darcy  of  Alton  in  the  faid  weft-riding  of  the  county  of  York. Robert  Squire  was  born  at  Ufkelf-Manor  in  the  year  \  648,  and  died  at  York,  061.  8, 1707,  where  as  pro  It  or  he  praftifed  the  civil  law ,  till  being  eleEled  to  ferve  bis  countrey  in parliament  he  reprefented  the  borough  of  Scarborough.  He  was  married  the  ifth  day  of December  1684.  to  Prifcilla  only  child  of  Edward  Bower  of  Bridlington-key  in  the  eaft  ri¬ ding  of  Yorkfhire,  merchant ,  who  was  only  fon  of  William  Bower  of  Clenton  in  the  north riding  of  the  fame  county ,  gent.  She  was  bqrn  Jan.  19,  1660,  and  died  the  30  th  of  the  fame month  1 71 1.  Phey  had  one  fon  and  two  daughters,  the  fon  named  Robert  died  an  infant,  and is  buried  near  this  place.  Phe  daughters  Prifcilla  and  Jane  furvive  them  -,  and  Prifcilla  is fince  married  to  Bryan  Cook,  efquire ,  eldeft  fon  to  fir  George  Cook  of  Wheatley,  ba< ronet. ARMS  impaling,  1.  Sable,  three  fwans  necks  argent.  Squire.  2.  Argent,  on  a  che¬ vron  inter  three  heads  erafed  fable ,  three  mullets  or.  Bower.  Anefcutcheon  of  pre¬ tence  of  the  fecond. Near  this  place  is  interred  the  body  of  Mr.  John  White,  printer  for  the  city  of  York,  and  the five  northern  counties,  who  departed  Jan.  10,  1715,  aged  eighty. A A vfyu7r@*. How  vain  a  thing  is  man. When  God  thinks  meet Of  times  with  fwadling  clothes Po  join  the  winding  fheet  ? A  web  of  forty  weeks Spun  forth  in  pain, Po Chap.  VII. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. To  his  dear  parents  grief Soon  ravelled  out  again , This  babe ,  intombed. Upon  the  world  did  peep , Difik'd  it  clos'd  its  eyes Fell  faft  afleep. Flens  moerenfque  fcripfit Vavaso  u  r. Near  this  place  was  interred  Michael  Fawkes,  efquire ,  great-grandfather  to  this  child Maii  18,  1728. Pofitae  juxta  hanc  columnam  funl  exuviae  Drake  1728 M ARI AE Francifci  Drake,  inclytae  huic  civitati  et  perantiquae Chirurgi , Uxoris  dileftiflimae  •, Gcorgii  Woodyeare  de  Crook-hill  prope  Duni-fluminis-castrum  arm. Filiae. Si  virginem ,  fi  conjugem ,  fi  inatrem  fpeSlei, Cajlam ,  innocuam ,  am  an  ton,  amabilem , Suor unique  minim  in  modum  fiudiofam , diceres. Filiorum  quinque  parens ,  tres  tantum  reliquit Superjlitet , Anno  aetatis  tricefimo  quinta. Foeminae  maritus  dejideratijfiihae Memorem  hanc  mocrens  Jlatuit Tabellam. ARMS  over  this  laft  copartment: Impaled,  Firft,  quarterly,  1.  Argent,  a  wivern  gules,  a  martlet  difference.  Drake. 2.  Gules,  a  crofs  charged  with  five  ogreffes  between  four  eagles  difplayed  or.  Dickfon. Third  as  fecond,  laft  as  firft.  Second,  Sable ,  inter  nine  flowers  de  luces  or,  three leopards  heads  proper.  Woodyeare. ARMS  which  were  in  the  window^  of  this  church  in  Mr.  Torre* stime: Londoh  fee.  Fork  fee.  St.  William. Gules,  a  tower  or.  Cajlile.  Argent,  a  lyon  purpure.  Leon. York  city. This  church  is  alfo  adorned  with  many  banners*  efcutcheons  and  atchievements  of  arms belonging  to  divers  very  good  families,  whofe  anceftors  have  been  buried  here.  But  I  have been  already  too  prolix  in  the  epitaphs,  and  therefore  cannot  infert  them.  I  lhall  take  leave of  my  parifti  church  with  obferving  that  Mr.  Dodfworlh  takes  notice  only  of  one  chantry which  was  formerly  in  it,  called  the  chantry  of  fir  Rauffe  Bullmer ,  knight,  founded annoi+ji.  to  pray,  &c.  at  the  altar  of  our  lady  in  the  faid  church,  whofe  yearly  value was  49  s. Stone-gate,  antiently  &>£aEmkgafc,  fronts  the  great  minfter  gates.  It  had  this  name  given,  stonec t as  is  faid,  from  the  vaft  quantity  of  ftone  lead  through  this  ftreet  for  the  building  the  ca-  r°NE  AT£' thedral.  The  old  houfes  here  being  of  wood,  and  moft  of  them  held!  by  leafe  from  the church,  which  is  the  reafon  that  this  ftreet,  though  one  of  the  moft  publick  in  the  city,  is but  meanly  built  (d).  At  the  bottom  of  it  is  a  fmall  fquare  formed  at  the  meeting  of  ma¬ ny  ftreets  called  Cuckolds-corner  •,  but  why  it  merited  that  opprobrious  name  I  know  not.  Cuc Here  is  a  court  of  fome  good  houfes,  which  has  lately,  from  the  owner  of  them,  obtained  Corner03 the  name  of  Breary-court.  BrEary The  parifti  church  of  St.  Helen,  or  Elene,  the  fourth  of  that  name  which  once  flood'  in  Court. the  city,  or  fuburbs,  is  in  Stone-gale.  It  was  at  firft  a  redory  belonging  to  the  nunnery  of5'-  h,elenV Molfeby ,  whereunto  it  was  appropriated.  And  temp.  HenN .  a  vicaridgewas  therein  ordained. ehurebm \Vhen  the  ftatute  was  made  for  uniting  of  churches  within  the  city,  firft  of  Edward  VI. this  church  of  St.  Elens  was  fuppreffed  and  defaced,  becaufe  it  feemed  much  to  deform  the city  •,  being  a  great  hindrance  to  fome  ftreets  meeting  and  turning  at  it.  The  church¬ yard  is  fo  at  this  day,  (landing  very  inconvenient  for  the  paffing  of  coaches  or  carriages into  Blake-Jlreet.  However  the  parilhioners  procured  an  ad  the  firft  of  queen  Mary, C to make  it  lawful  for  them  to  re-edify  both  the  church  and  church  yard  •,  which  Was  "dorre accordingly.  But  now  there  is  a  defign  revived  to  take  oft'  a  piece  of  the  latter,  in  order to  render  the  paffage  for  coaches  to  the  affembly  rooms  in  Blake-Jlreet  more  commodious. Firft  fruits  ■  — —  . -  - - -  —  04  oz Tenths  -  -  - •  -  -  O0  08  06 (d)  In  this  ftreet  flood  anciently  ,  pafTage  next.  Mr.  HiUyarJ'i  the  bookfeller.  See  the as  is  proved  by  feveral  ancient  deeds,  but  where  I  cannot  ttfptndix. exadtly  tell;  though  I  prel'ume  it  ftood  up  the  little  pd- 345 Bootham Ward. A  CA. 7he  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES A  CATALOGUE  of  the  RECTORS  of  St.  ELENS. Book  I. 344 BOO  TH  AM WARD. Temp. injlit.  Restores  eccl. Anno. 1232 . cler, 1250  Ric.de  Lilling,  cler.t 1273  Will,  de  Blyda. 1287  Joh.  Boneface,  diac. 1307  Ric.  de  Fofton,  paup.  cler. 13 1 1  Joh.  Brown,  acolitus. 1312  *G  fiber.  de  Ebor.  acolitus. 1314  Adam  filius  Rob.  de  Heton,  cap. 1326  Rob.  de  Hufelbech. 1343  Will,  de  Skipwith,  cap. 1349  Tho.  de  Langtofts,  cap. 1360  Ric.  de  Efiewra,  cap. Will.  Gyfburn,  cap. 1403  Will.  Sledmore,  prejb. Patroni. PrioriJ/a  el  mon.  de  Molefby. Eadem. Eadem. Eadem. Archiepifcopus  per  lap/. Priorifi/a ,  £?r. Eadem. Eadem. Eadem. Eadem. Eadem. Eadem. Eadem. Eadem. Vacat. fier  refig. per  mort . per  mort. per  mort. A  CATALOGUE  of  the  VICARS  ibidem. Temp. injlit.  Vicarii  eccl. Anno. Will,  de  Sledmore. 1418  Joh.  Clyveland,  prejb. 1426  Hen.  Money,  cler. 1446  Will.  Marfhall,  cap. 14 75  Joh.  Wynehill,  cap. 1480  Joh.  Edwyn,  cap. Tho.  Swyne,  prejb. 1494  Joh.  Rayner,  prejb. 1516  Rob.  Swynburn,  prejb. 1517  Henry  Burton,  prejb. 1531  Tho.  Hillary,  cap. 1533  Rob.  Hardyng,  prejb. 1632  Joh.  Dugdale,  cler. Patroni. Vacat. PrioriJ/a  et  mon.  de  Molelbey. per /rejig. Eadem. per  refig. Eadem. per  re/ig. Eadem. per  mort. Eadem. per  refig. Eadem. Eadem. per  mort. Eadem. per  refig. Eadem. per  mort. Eadem. per  mort. Eadem. per  mort. Eadem. Rex  Car.  I. chantry. ( e )  There  were  three  chantries  antiently  in  this  church;  the  firft  founded,  anno  1371,  by William  de  Grantham  merchant,  who  lettled  four  mefiiiages  of  one  hundred  pound  yearly value,  to  find  one  pried  to  celebrate,  at  the  altar  of  St.  Mary  the  virgin ,  fituate  on  the fouth  fide  of  the  laid  church  ;  in  which  place  the  body  of  the  faid  William  de  Grantham  lies buried.  Confirmed  by  John  archbifhop  of  York,  who  further  ordained,  that  they  fhould diftribute  lix  (hillings  and  eight  pence  on  the  i6lh  of  May,  being  the  day  of  the  obit  of  the faid  William  de  Grantham ,  yearly  for  the  good  of  his  foul.  1.  s.  d. Yearly  value  at  the  fupprefiion  - - -  - -  01  19  01 Hornby’j  chantry.  Maii  8°.  1373. Joan  widow  of  Ralph  de  Hornby  merchant  of  York,  and  Tho.  de  Garton ,  cap.  executors  to his  will,  having  obtained  the  king’s  licence  to  authorize,  did  fettle  and  grant  according  to his  will,  to  a  certain  chaplain  celebrating  in  this  church  at  the  altar  of  St.  Michael  the  arch¬ angel ,  &c.  and  to  his  fuccefiors  for  ever,  certain  rents  in  York,  viz. Twenty  (hillings  ifluing  out  of  certain  tenements  and  a  dove  cote  in  tjQlalm'gafc. Fifteen  (hillings  out  of  a  tenement  in  <®totljeram*gate. Twenty  (hillings  out  of  one  melfuage  in  ?KHalm'gate,  and  fix  (hillings  out  of  another mefiiiage  there. Four  marks/w  annum  out  of  all  his  mefiiiages  in  SpicklC'gafc. Thirteen  (hillings  and  four  pence  out  of  two  other  mefiuagcs,  and  five  (hillings  rent  out of  three  mefiiiages  in  ^ta^nc:gutc. Confirmed  Aug.  12,  1379,  by  Alex,  archbifhop  of  York  ;  who  further  ordained  an  obit  for the  faid  Hornby  and  Joan  his  wife,  annually  on  St.  Luke's,  day  ;  and  half  a  mark  to  be  given for  celebration  of  it.  1.  s.  d. At  the  fupprefiion  this  chantry  was  rated  at  -  -  02  06  08 Nafiington’j  chantry. There  was  another  chantry  founded  in  this  church  at  the  altar  of  St.  Mary  the  virgin,  by John  de  Najfington.  Value,  &c.  unknown. (e)  Ex  MS.  Torre. Monumental CftAP. Vll.  »/  the  Cl’TY  of  VokK,  ^ Bootham Monumental  INSCRIPTIONS.  lv*'u>- Exuviae  h.  depofmt  Margareta  Elmerhirfte,  ux.  Ricardi  Elmerhirfte,  ex  bonefta  familiaE[mch'lrtt‘ Micklethwanorum  oriunda ;  foemina  modeftae  el  illibatae  vitae,  cttjus  virtutes  ultra  titmulum ftttU  loquaces. Enegramma. G . haeret  terra  tales  fatoque  refrafta Hocque  minuta  latet  fiella  corufca  vide Quas  natura  polit  gemmas  fee  at,  aftraque  reddunt Parva  galaxiam ,  quae  reditura  cadunt. Hie  fitus  ejl  Tobias  Conyers Apud  Ebor.  canon,  quondam. Ob.  23  Martii  1686.  Aetat.  58. Conyers  1688 line  lyeih  the  body  of  the  worfhipful  John  Bears  late  alderman  of  this  city,  who  dyed  the  ka.  Bears  1671 year  of  Ins  aye  upon  the  24 th  of  December,  .671.  And  did  bequeath  to  the  poor  of  this city  one  hundred  pound,  and  for  hn  anniverfary  fermon  three  pound  twelve  Jhillings  per  ann. 'The  righteous  ftj  all  be  had  in  everlajling  remembrance. Alfo  here  lyeih  interred  the  lady  Ann  his  wife ,  who  dyed  October  5,  1669. Idem  \66g. Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Edward  fon  of  Edward  Shillitoe  of  this  parifh,  who  departed  Sept  2 i674  '»  beingabout  20  years  of  age,  and  gave  to  the  poor  of  this  parifh  ten  pound  per  ann’ ShilHtoe  l67+ and  ten  J hillings  for  an  anniverfary  fermon. Here  lyeth  the  body  of  William  Therefby.  ^  ^ Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Ruth  the  wife  of  Edward  Cooke  .  .  .  who  dyed  168 z y  O'  Cooke  1685. *T7aij  ftone  belongs  to  Mrs.'  Bridget  Bafkervile  and  her  children,  daughter  to  Humphrey  Bafker vile  of  Pontroybus  in  the  county  of  Hereford  efquire  j  firjl  wife  to  Mr.  Luke  Thurgood  BaficerviIe- fon  of  Mr.  Thurgood  of  Roundy  in  Bedfordlhire  ;  next  wiftto  Mr.  Phineas  Hodofon  fon H°dsl0n’  fometime  l°rd-mayor  of  this  city,  by  whome  Jhe  had  four  fons  and  two If  inoral  verities  have  power  folds  to  five. Or  natural  endowments ,  here  we  have. Uujacel  carpus  EltZabethae  dilcStae  nuper  conjugis  Richardi  Aclilam  de  Wifeton  in  com.  Nott.  Acklam  nii arm.  rt  Johanms  Stanhope  de  Alta-Malwood,  infra  mfulam  Axholmiae  com.  Lincoln,  arm. Jitiae  ptae  et  cobaeredis,  quae  infantem  mortuam  enixa  ob.  7°  die  Martii  anno  Dorn.  1722! et  aet .  2^.  * In  cbari'fpmam  ejus  memorial,,  momtmentum  infra  canctllariam  eccl.parocb.  de  Claworth  com Nott,  maritus  vere  moejlus  erexit.  ' gDjafc  pjo  antma  niasitf.  ptnlippi  atrangetoefc  a! . CtljUS  amme  pjoptttEfUC  2De«S,  . Strangewtfe. H.  L.  S.  E. MARTHA Uxor  Gul.  Clinch  M.  D. Viri  admodum  reverendi Thomae  Wagftaff  Warwicenfis Filia . Egregiis  animi  corporifque  virlutibus A  prima  etiam  aetate  confpicua. Decora  fpecie , P  eft  ore  Candida, Praefenti  ingenio Puella. Indolem  vero Quam  praeclaram  prodidit  vet  ere  s Fovit  adultior. Dotefque  a  natura  infitas Erudiit ,  auxit,  expolivil. Sermo  illi  c  aft  us  et  Jimul  dulcis , Aft  10  idonea  pariteret  venufta, Modeftia  hilaritate  condita, 4  T Clinch  1729. InmtmU 34^ l*0OTJIAM WA  R  D, Gordon  1724. SwinieATi. Coffee-* YARD. Grape- bake. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book I. Innocentiae juntta  urbanitas. ' Sapuit Non  quam  par  eft  altius , Non  quam  decuit  demiffus , Alienae  dignitati  cedere , Proprie  confulere Probe  novit. Ammo Sine  faftu  magno , Sine  for de  humili Praedita. Rein  privatam, Oeconomicarum  rationum Sag  ax  arbitra , Obiit  naviler ,  prudentiftime  adminiftravit : Id  fibi  maxime  agendum  rata , i//  dum  frugalitali  ftuderet Non  deeffet  eleganliae  \ Dumque  in  alios  propenftor , Haud  iniqua  in  fuos Videretur. Valetadine  minus  commoda  din  multumque  ufa} Ferre  malurius  patique  didicit. Utrique  fortune  e  par , 7Vo«  olio  torpuit  fana , iVo«  dolori  aegra  fuccubuit , Incolumi  corpore  mens  vegeta ,  vivax ,  feftiva  *, Laborante  placida,  paliens,  compofita. Obiit  xiii  menfts  April,  yf.  i).  m  dccxxix.  aet.  xxxvin. Filiorum  quos  peperit  Thomae  et  Gulielmi  fuperftite Gulielmo. Hanc  tabellam Dulctffimae  conjugis Memoriae  facram Moerens  pofuit  maritus  % In  eodem  et  ipfo  tumulo  aliqnando  componendus. Near  this  place  is  interred  the  body  of  Mr.  David  Gordon,  late  mathematical  teacher  in  this city ;  who  died  December  21,  1724,  in  a  very  advanced  age ,  much  lamented  by  all  his acquaintance. He  was  a  man  of  rare  abilities  both  natural  and  acquired ,  an  exquifite  mathematician ,  and  a great  mafter  of  all  ufeful  and  polite  learning. Providence  placed  and  continued  him  in  this  town  long  in  obfcurity ,  where  his  admirable  qua - locations  were  of  great  fervice  to  many. His  converfation  was  a  conftant  lejfon  of  inftruftion ,  and  the  defire  of  all  that  knew  him. When  ’ ere  he.  fpoke  who  did  not  wifh  to  hear. ARMS  which  were  in  the  windows  of  this  church  anno  1684. Azure ,  three  cheveronels  brafed  in  bafe  and  a  chief  or.  Fitzhugh. Gules ,  a  fefs  between  lix  crofs  crosflets  or.  Beauchamp. Quarterly  firfland  fourth  or,  a  lion  rampant  azure ,  fecondand  third  gules,  three  lucies or  pikefifh  hauriant  argent.  Percy  and  Lucy. Quarterly  gules  and  azure ,  in  the  firft  and  fourth  a  leopard’s  head  or,  in  the  fecond and  third  a  cup  covered  inter  two  buckles  of  the  laft.  Goldfmiths  company. Argent ,  a  crofs  of  fix  battons  fable.  Skirlaw. Swine-gate ,  old  and  new  goes  off  from  Stone-gale ,  in  the  former  of  which  is  a  place  cal¬ led  Rennet's  rents ,  where  a  church  flood  dedicated  to  Sr.  Benedict. From  patricfe-pcol  or  Swine-gate ,  before  mentioned,  at  the  weft  end,  goes  a  thorough¬ fare  into  Stone-gate  called  Coffee  yard.  This  name  can  be  of  no  very  old  date,  that  berry having  not  been  yet  a  century  known  in  England.  I  fuppofe  then  the  firft  coffee-houfe  in York  flood  here.  Grape  lane  goes  from  the  fame  corner  into  Pcter-gate  •,  whofe  name  tend¬ ing  not  a  little  to  obfcenity,  as  it  is  wrote  very  plain  in  fome  antient  writings,  I  fhall  not pretend  to  etymologize.  We  well  know  our  anceftors  ufed  to  call  a  fpade  a  fpade  j  but cuftom  has  prevailed  upon  their  defcendants  to  be  more  modeft  inexpreffion,  whatever  they are  in  a6lion.  However  that  the  plainnefs  and  fimplicity  of  our  predeceffors  may  have  all due  regard  paid  to  it,  I  have  given  fome  authorities  for  the  antient  name  of  this  lane  in Chap..  VII.  of  j/x  CITY  oj  YORK.  347 the  appendix.  It  is  very  probable  that  this  place  was  of  old  a  licenced  brothel ;  though  fo  Booths near  the  cathedral  church  as  to  be  exactly  oppofite  to  the  great  gates  of  the  deanery.  Many  WARD- of  thefe  places  have  been  formerly  fo  licenced,  in  other  citys,  6s?c:  of  England ;  particular¬ ly  the  bifhop  of  Winchcjler* s  (Ictus  in  Southwark  ;  which  were  kept  open  on  that  occafion till  the  time  of  Henry  VIII  who,  abhorring  fuch  lewdnefs,  got  an  a 61  of  parliament  to  put them  down.  But  that  there  were  fuch  open  pradtices  allowed  lormerly  in  this  city,  is  evi¬ dent  from  feveral  orders  about  common  whores ,  that  I  have  met  with  in  the  city’s  regilters  j fome  of  which  I  have  given,  and  others  will  fall  in  the  appendix. In  Petergate ,  I  end  my  general  furvey  ol  the  city  and  fuburbs,  a  long  and  tedious  march. I  am  very  fenfible  how  dull  and  tirefome  it  mult  be  for  the  reader  to  follow  me  quite  through this  peregrination  but  he  muft  therefore  refledt  what  a  calk  it  has  been  to  the  firlt  wan¬ derer  to  find  his  way  in  fuch  a  labyrinth  of  imperfect  mazes  and  obfeurities  ;  and  make  our city  appear,  not  only  as  it  is  at  prefent,  but  as  it  Itood  in  a  much  more  flourilhing  condi¬ tion  fome  ages  fince. Dus ^  \  /  f  .'.tfobiO  -  -U ni  \A '■  ecJ  .m;2 CHAP. •v  ' ■ The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES BookI, 348 f//e  //mu  0/  't/e  .several  Sar/j  ant/  ('7>u/eJ  of  York. . CHAP.  VIII. An  hiftorical  account  of  the  earls  and  dukes  of  York.  An  exa/l hjl  of  all  the  high  fheriffs  of  the  county.  The  city’s  reprefenta- tives  in  parliament.  A  catalogue  of  the  mayors  and  bayliffs,  lord- mayors  and  fheriffs  from  anno  1 2  74,  and  upwards ,  to  this  time. The  lords  prelidents  of  the  North,  with  the  learned  council  that attended  that  court  at  Yo  r  k  ;  from  its  eredhon  to  the  voting  of  it down  by  parliament.  With  a  Jhort  account  of  the  lives  of  fome great  and  famous  men ,  to  whom  this  city  has  had  the  honour  to  give ''birth. TH  E  reader  may  obferve,  in  the  annals  of  this  work,  that,  before  the  conqueft, the  comiles  or  earls  of  Northumberland  were  alfo  governours  of  the  city  of  York. Which,  asjt  had  been,  during  the  Heptarchy,  the  capital  and  chief  refidence  of  the Northumbrian  kings,  fo  it  continued  to  be  the-  feat  of  the  earls  of  that  place.  Thefe  pre- fided  over  the  county  and  city  of  York ,  as  well  as  over  the  county  of  Northumberland ,  &c. till  the  confefior,  as  I  have  before  taken  notice,  in  the  year  1056,  after  the  death  of  Si- ward,  gave  the  earldom  of  Norlhimberland  to  Tofty  brother  to  earl  Harold ,  and  fon  to Goodwin  earl  of  Kent  (a ).  I  have  mentioned  Morchar  to  be  the  laft  earl  of  Northumber¬ land,  before  the  conqueft,  and  who  remained  fo  till  the  fifth  of  the  conquerour;  (b)  when after  his  revolt,  and  feizing  the  ifle  of  Ely,  William  in  the  year  1069,  gaVe  this  earldom to  Robert  Comins  ( c ),  and  he  being  llain,  the  conqueror  then  beftowed  it  on  Cofpalric  (d)  j (a)  Comit.it/ttn  Eboraeae  Tofno  fratri  comitit  Haraldi, tf-c.  Vide  Inguirum  edit,  antiq.f.  510.  n.  40. (b)  Vide  H.  Huntingdon  /.  369.  n.  30. ( c )  Confitlatwn  Northumbriae  Robcrti  Corny  ns.  Vide Hunting.  /.  7./.  zw.b.  Ordericum  Vital./.  512.  b Sim.  Duneim.  col.  38.  198. ( d )  Comitatum  Northumbrorum  Cofpatrico.  Hovedcn, parte  priori  f  139. who 34? Chap.  VIII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. who  bein'?;  deprived  of  it  in  the  year  1072  (e)\  he  laftly  gave  the  earldom  of  Northum¬ berland  to  Waltbeof \  the  fun  of  Siward  (f),  fo  much  taken  notice  of  in  the  annals.  Whe¬ ther  the  city-  and  county  of  York  were  included  in  this  grant  is  dilputable  •,  it  feems  to  me  ra¬ ther  that  it  was  only  the  prefent  county  of  Northumberland  and  the  bifhoprick  of  Durham , over  which  he  prefided.  For  we  read  that  Waltheof  fat  as  judge,  in  temporal  affairs,  with IVali her  bifhop  of  Durham,  in  their  county  courts,  and  readily  aflifted  that  prelate  with his  fecula'f  authority  (g).  The  fucceffion  of  the  fubfequent  earls  of  Norlhujnberland  will be,  therefore,  foreign  to  my  province,  becaufe  Yorkjhire,  as  I  take  it,  was  from  this  aera wholly  difcliarged  from  the  government  of  thofe  earls,  and  under  the  jurifditftion  of  the vicecomites,  high  Jherijf's  of  the  county  of  York  under  whofe  authority  as  governours  of  the caftle  bf  York,  no  doubt  but  the  city  was  then  included.  Thefe  vicecomites  were  antiently fubftitutcs  to  the  earls,  and  removeable  at  their  pleafure;  but  afterwards  came  to  be  annual¬ ly  nominated  by  the  kings  j  for  excepting  (h)  William  Mallet ,  (i)  Robert  Fitz- Richard, and  one  or  two  Ejloteviles ,  all  of  Norman  extraction,  which  fome  would  pretend  were  he¬ reditary  vifcounts  here,  we  read  of  no  earl  of  York  or  Yorkjhire ,  till  a  long  time  after  the conqueft. The  firft  mention  that  I  find  any  where  in  hiftory  of  a  titular  earl  of  this  county  is  (^^n^rl^xi  8 William  U  Grofs ,  of  the  houfe  of  Campaigns,  and  earl  of  Albermarle ,  a  great  commander  ■,  ’  51 ' who  was  by  king  Stephen  after  the  victory  over  the  Scots,  at  the  famous  battle  of  the  £>£an= Datt),  in  the  year  113ft,  ,T,ade  earl  of  Yorkjhire -,  or,  according  to  fome,  of  York.  The arms  our  heralds  have  given  this  earl  are,  gules ,  a  crofs  patonce  vairy  (l). Otho ,  duke  of  Saxony ,  fon  of  Henry  Leon  duke  of  Bavaria  by  Maud  the  daughter  ofOTHoii9o. Henry  If.  king  of  England ,  in  the  year  1190,  was  created  by  his  uncle  Richard  I.  earl  of York(m).  Whereupon  fome  performed  homage  and  fealty  to  him,  but  others  refufing,  the king  gave  him,  as  an  exchange,  the  county  of  Poittiers.  This  prince  was  afterwards  faluted emperor  by  the  name  of  Otho  IV  ;  and,  in  the  year  1200,  fent  ambaffadors  to  his  uncle king  John  to  requeft  the  reftoring  the  counties  of  York  and  Poicliers-,  which  that  king,  by reafon  of  the  oath  made  by  him  to  the  king  of  France  not  to  aid  Otho,  refufed  ( n ).  He bore  the  fame  arms  with  the  firft  kings  of  England ,  which  were  of  Not  man  defcent,  viz. on  a  field  gules ,  two  leopards  or  lions  paflant  gardant  or  ( 0 ). For  many  years  after  this  our  city  bellowed  no  title  on  any  perfon  •,  until  Richard  II.  Edmund anno  139 6,  having  called  a  parliament  at  Wejiminjler  in  the  ninth  year  of  his  (p)  reign,  a-^e’  l396- mongfl  feveral  other  creations,  Edmund  of  Langley ,  fifth  fon  to  Edward  III.  was  made  the firft  duke  of  York.  This  prince  died  and  left  iflue  by  one  of  the  daughters  of  Peter ,  king of  Cajtile  and  Leon,  two  fons. Edward  Plantagcnet  the  eldeft,  was  firft  made  earl  of  Rutland ,  then  duke  of  Albermarle  Edward, and,  after  the  death  of  his  father,  fucceeded  to  the  dukedom  of  York.  He  loft  his  life  va-  r4°3- liantly  fighting,  amongft  the  very  few  of  the  Englijh  that  were  flain,  at  the  famous  battle of  Agin  court,  on  Ottober  25,  1415,  3  Henry  V,  in  France ,  and  left  no  iflue.  His  body  was brought  over  into  England  by  Henry  V  ;  and  buried  in  the  collegiate  church  of  Folhering- hay  in  Norlhamptonjhire  with  great  ( q)  folemnity.  Richard  the  other  fon  was  created  earl of  Cambridge  at  a  parliament  held  at  Leicejler ,  the  fecond  of  Henry  V.  He  married  Anne lifter  of  Edmund  Mortimer,  earl  of  March  -,  whofe  grandmother  was  the  only  daughter  and heir  of  Lionel  duke  of  Clarence ,  third  fon  of  king  Edward  III.  This  earl  Richard  attempt¬ ing  to  fet  the  crown  upon  the  head  of  his  wife’s  brother  Edmund  was  deteCled,  and  behead¬ ed,  at  Southampton,  by  the  command  of  Henry  V  ■,  upon  the  charge  of  being  hired  by  the French  to  deftroy  him. Richard  his  fon,  fixteen  years  after  his  father’s  death,  by  the  great,  but  unwary,  gene- Richard rofity  of  Henry  VI,  fays  my  authority,  was  fully  reftored  to  the  dukedom  of  York-,  as‘43*- fon  of  the  laft  mentioned  Richard,  the  brother  of  Edward  duke  of  York,  and  coufin  ger- main  to  Edmund  earl  of  March  ( r ).  Befides  being  duke  of  York  he  was  earl  of  March  and Uljler,  lord  of  Wigmore,  Clare,  Trim  and  Connaught.  This  was  the  prince  who  firft  ad¬ vanced  the  claim  of  the  houfe  of  York  to  the  crown  of  England  in  oppofition  to  the  line of  Lancajler  then  in  pofleflion  of  it.  The  duke  raifed  fome  commotions  againft  the  go¬ vernment  in  order  to  try  the  affedlions  of  the  people,  and  finding  his  party  llrong  enough he  at  length  laid  claim  to  the  crown  in  full  parliament  (s).  He  alledged  that  he  was  fon and  heir  to  Ann  Mortimer ,  lifter  and  heir  to  Edmund  earl  of  March,  delcended  in  a  right line  from  Philippa  the  daughter  and  foie  heir  of  Lionel  duke  of  Clarence,  third  fon  of  king Edward  III ;  and  therefore  in  all  juftice  to  be  preferred  in  the  fucceflion  to  the  crown  be- (e)  Idem  pars  1.  454.M.  33. (/)  Idem  pars  i.f.  260.  n.  10. (g)  Idem  pars  1 .  f.  260.  n.  40. (/?)  Sim.  Dunelm.  col.  198. (0  Ordericus  Vitalis  f cubit  quod  Robertas  Richardi f  litis Eboraccnfis  praefidii  cuflos  cum  multis  perempttis  eft,  anno 1068,  /.  512.  c.  Malet,  eadem  pagina,  vocatus  eft  prae- fes  caftxcnfis,  that  may  be  governour  of  Tork-cajlle , (I;)  Richard  Hagulfad, (/)  Heylin. (m)  Hove  den's  words  are  that  the  king  gave  him  co- miitatum  Eboraci. (»)  Idem  pars  2 802. (0)  Heylin. (p)  Tarl.  9  Ric.  II.  n.  24,  Cart.  9  Ric.  IT.  n  26 Vat.  9  Ric.  II.  p.  1.  n,  10.  on  the  6th  of  Attgujf. (q)  Walfmgh.  p.393.  n.40. (r)  Rot.  parliam.  10  Hen.  VI.  Camden's  Brit. (s)  Rot.  parliam.  39  Hen.  VI.  w.JtO,  C ?c. 4  U fore 55° Richard 1474- Henry  1495 Charles 1604. James  1643 Ernest  Au gust.  1716. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. lore  the  children  of  John  ot  Gaunt  the  fourth  fon  of  the  fai &  Edward.  It  was  among  other things  anfwered  him,  that  the  barons  of  the  kingdom  had  iwore  allegiance  to  the  king  then reigning  ;  that  the  kingdom  by  a 61  of  parliament  was  conferred  and  entailed  upon  Hen.lY. and  his  heirs-,  that  this  duke  deriving  his  title  from  the  duke  of  Clarence  never  took  the arms  of  the  laid  duke  ,  and  that  Henry  IV.  was  po Hefted  of  the  crown  by  the  right  he  had from  Henry  III.  To  this  the  duke  of  York  replied,  that  the  oath  fworn  to  the  king, being  barely  of  human  conftitution,  muff  not  bind,  becaufe  it  was  inccnfiftent  with  truth and  juftice,  which  are  of  divine  appointment;  that  there  had  been  no  need  of  an  aft  ot parliament  to  fettle  the  kingdom  in  the  line  o  \  Lane  after,  neither  would  they  have  defired it,  if  they  could  have  relied  upon  any  juft  title  ;  and  as  for  the  arms  of  the  duke  of  Cla¬ rence,  which  in  right  belonged  to  him,  he  had  in  prudence  declined  the  ufing  them  as  he had  declined  the  challenging  the  kingdom  till  that  moment;  and  that  the  title  derived from  Henry  III,  was  a  ridiculous  pretext  to  cloak  the  injuftice  of  the  aftion,  and  was  ex¬ ploded  by  every  body.  Theft  allegations,  fays  Camden ,  pleaded  ftrongly  for  the  duke  of York ,  and  fhewed  his  title  to  be  clear  and  evident ;  yet  by  a  wife  forefight  to  prevent  the dangers  that  might  enfue  upon  it,  the  matter  was  fo  adjufted,  that  Henry  VI.  Ihould  poflefs and  enjoy  the  kingdom  for  life,  and  that  Richard  duke  of  York  Ihould  be  appointed  his heir  and  luccelfor  in  it,  and  he  and  his  heirs  to  lucceed  alter  him  ;  with  this  provifo,  that neither  of  them  ihould  contrive  any  thing  to  the  prejudice  of  the  other.  But  the  duke,  too ambitious  to  wait  ihefe  dilatory  methods,  railed  forces  and  fet  on  foot  the  cruel  war  betwixt the  white  and  red  rofe  parties,  in  which  the  iftue  was  unfortunate  to  himfclf,  being  (lain  at Wakefield ,  and  his  head  let  upon  one  of  the  gates  at  York.  But  it  was  loon  after  taken  down by  his  victorious  fon,  and  buried  with  the  body  at  Fotheringhay  with  the  utmoft  folem- nities. The  next  duke  of  York  was  Richard ,  called  of  Shrewjbury ,  fecond  fon  to  Edward  IV, king  of  England ,  fo  created  very  young  by  his  father,  on  May  28,  1474,  14  Edward  IV. This  unhappy  prince  is  fuppofed  to  have  been  murthered  with  his  elder  brother,  in  the tower  of  London,  by  his  barbarous  and  inhuman  uncle  Richard  duke  of  Glocefter. The  next  was  Henry ,  the  fecond  fon  of  Henry  VII.  king  ol  England ;  who  was  afterwards ’kino-  himfelf  by  the  well  known  name  of  Henry  VIII.  From  his  inveititure  into  the  duchy of  York,  the  kings  of  England  have  always  ufed  to  confer  that  honour  on  the  fecond  fon  of the  royal  family. Charles ,  the  fecond  fon  of  James  I,  king  of  Great  Britain ,  who  in  Scotland  had  been  made duke  of  Albany ,  marquifs  of  Ormond ,  earl  of  Rofs,  and  baron  Ardmanoch ,  was,  when  a child,  not  full  four  years  old,  created  duke  of  York.  By  girding  him  with  a  fword,  toufe the  words  of  the  form,  putting  a  cap  and  coronet  of  gold  upon  his  head,  and  by  delivering him  a  verge  of  gold  ;  after  the  king  his  father,  according  to  the  ufual  manner,  had  created him,  with  eleven  others  of  noble  families,  knights  of  the  Bath.  He  was  afterwards  king of  Great  Britain. James,  the  fecond  fon  of  king  Charles ,  was  declared  duke  of  York  at  his  birth  by  his royal  father  ;  and  fo  intituled,  but  not  fo  created,  ixWJan.  2j,  1643,  by  letters  patents, bearing  date  at  Oxford.  Fora  further  augmentation  of  his  titles  he  had  the  earldom  of  Ul- fer ,  in  the  kingdom  of  Ireland ,  conferred  upon  him  by  his  brother  Charles  II.  annoreg.  10. afterwards  he  was  king  of  Great  Britain. '  After  the  acceftion  of  king  George  I.  to  the  throne,  he  was  pleafed  on  the  of  July  in  the fecond  year  of  his  reign,  17 16,"  to  create  his  brother  Ernefl  Augufl ,  duke  of  Brunfwick and  Lunenbiirgh ,  bifhop  of  Ofnaburgh ,  earl  of  Ulfier  in  Ireland ,  duke  of  York  and  Albany in  Great  Britain  to  him  and  the  heirs  males  of  his  body,  who  died  without  iftue. A  LI  S  T  of  the  N AMES  of  the  VIS  COU  NTS  or  H IG  II  S  HE  R I FFS  of  the county  of  YORK,  from  the  time  of  William  I.  to  the  prefent year  (/). A.D.  A.  Reg. Wil.I. 1069  3  Gulielmus  Mallet  (k). Robert  Fitz  Richard  (x). Radulph  Paganel  (y ). Hugo  vicecomes  (z). (t)  There  is  a  lift  of  the  high  fheriffs  of  the  county of  York  printed  in  Fuller’s  worthies,  but  very  incorrect and  imperfett.  The  prefent  catalogue  is  taken  from  an- tient  hiftorians,  Doomfday  book,  but  chiefly  from  the Pipe  rolls  for  the  two  firft  centuries  from  the  conqucft. The  reader  may  obferve,  by  comparing  this  lift  with Fuller's,  that  it  is  not  only  much  augmented,  but  the names  of  many  of  them  correfted  from  that  author’s miftakes.  The  peerage  of  England,  in  the  account  of the  lord  Gofer’s  family,  mentions  one  fir  Allen  Gower of  Stitnam  to  be  high  Iheriff  of  this  county  the  year  the conqueror  came  in.  But  as  there  is  no  authority  pro- A.  D.  A.  Reg. Wil.I. Galf.  de  Eftotevile. Hen.  I. 1 1 18  18  Guliel.  Punftell  (a). Ofbertusx’c/Ofbertius  de  Archis. duced  for  it,  I  take  it  as  a  compliment  to  that  truly antient  family  which  needs  no  fuch  vain  aflertions  t.» fupport  its  antiquity. (u)  Rog.  Hovedcn.  &c.  Vide  annal.  fub  hoc  anno. (x)  Ordericus  Vital./.  512.  c. (y)  Lelandi  coll.  Rog.  Hoveden,  &c- (z)  E  libro  Doomefday.  Vide  append.  The  reft  are from  antient  charters  and  th c  Pipe-rolls. (a)  William  Punclell  isfaid  by  Ord.  Vital,  to  furrendcr the  caftle  of  York  anno  it  18.  p.  843.  he  was  nephew to  Rad.dcGuhf ,  &c.  p.  846. 1 1 1  s Chap.  VIH. A.  D.  A.  Reg . Hen  I. of  the 1 1 18 18 Robert  de  Oketon. I233 17 Steph. 1234 1 8 1 140 5 Bertram  de  Bulmer. .  1 235 19 H EN II. 1236 20 ii54 I Bertram,  de  Bulmer  pro  novem annis. i237 21 1164 IO Radulph  de  Gian  vile. 123R 22 1 170 1 6 Idem  et  Robert  de  Stutevile. 1 1 7 1 J7 Rob.  de  Stutevilepro  quinque  an. [239 23 1177 23 Radulph.  de  Glanvile  ad.  term. regni  Hen.  II. 1240 24 R ic.  1. I  241 25 a  189 1 Radulphus  de  Glanvile. 1 190 2 Johan.  Marefchallus. 1242 26 1 19 1 1 192 1  *93  5 1194  6 1 J95  7 Joh. 1  *99 Ofbertus  de  Longocampo. Ofbert.  de  Longocampo. Hugo  Bardiilf. Hugo  de  Boebi. Iiderh. Iidern. |  Galfrid.  archiep.  Ebor.  et |  Rog.  de  Batuent  (b)  pro  quin  an. 1203 1204 1205 1 206 1216 J  Galfrid.  filius  Petri  et \  Jacob,  de  Paterne. 2  Iidem. r  Will,  de  Stutevile  et ^  I  Will.  Breto. 4  Bdem. (  Galfrid.  filius  Petri, 5  s  Will,  de  Percy  et f  Radolph.  de  Normanvile. £  V  Galfrid.  fil.  Peter  et l  Rad.  de  Normanvile. r  Rob.  de  Lacy  Conft.  Ceftrien.  et 7  <  Robert.  Wallenfis  pro  quinque i  an. Galfrid.  filius  Renfredi  et 12  <  Henricus  Rademan,  five  Rade- ^  nor,  pro  quatuor  an. x  ^  f  R  obert  de  Percy  et \  Hen.  de  Midleton. |  Petrus  filius  Herberti  et '  f  Ric.  de  Huifeburn. Hen. III. 1217  i  S  Galfrid.  de  Nevile  et '  l  Simon  de  Hale. 1218  2  Iidem. 1219  3  Iidem. 1220  4  Galfrid.  de  Nevile. 1221  5  Idem  et  Simon  de  Hales. 1222  6  Iidem. 1223  7  Iidem. 1224  8  Simon  de  Hales. 1225  9  Euftachius  de  Ludham. 1226  10  Idem  et  Rob.  de  Cokefeld. 1227  11  Rob.  de  Cokefeld. 1228  12  Idem. 1229  13  Idem. 19  20  t  ,  5  Wil1-  de  Stutevile  et 4  (.  Phil,  de  Afcelles. 1231  15  Iidem. 1232'  16  Iidem. (b)  Geofrey  archbifhop  of  York  gave  three  thoufand marks,  and  one  hundred  marks  increafe  of  yearly  rent, for  having  the  office  of  the  Ihrievalty  of  this  county CITY  of  YORK. A.  D.  A.  Reg. Hen.  III. Petrus  de  Rival!. Brianus  de  Infula. Johan. filius  Galfridi Idem. f  Brianus  filius  Alani  et {  Roger  de  Stapleton. Iidem. C  Brianus  fil.  Alani. \  Nicholas  de  Molis  et Will,  de  Midelton. Nicholas  de  Molis. Idem  et  Will,  de  Midelton. C  Nich.  de  Molis, \  Hen.  de  Bath  et f  Remery  de  Cerve. 1243  27  Hen.  de  Bada  pro  quat.  ann. 1247  31  Hen.  de  Bathon  pro  duo  an. 1249  33  Will.  Dacre. 1250  34  Idem  et  Rob.  de  Creppings. 1251  35  Rob.  de  Creppings. 1252  36  Will.  Dacre. 12 53  37  Rob.  de  Creppings. 1254  38  Will,  de  Horfenden. 1255  39  Will,  le  Latimer. r  f  Will,  le  Latimer  et 1  --  a  y  Joh.  de  Oketon  pro  quinque  an. 1261  45  Petrus  de  Percy. 1262  46  Idejn. 1263  47  Idem. 1264  48  Idem  et  Rob.  de  Nevile. 1265  49  Will,  de  Balale. 1266  50  Idem  et  Johan,  de  Oketon. 1267  51  Idem. r  268  52  Will,  le  Latimer. 12  69  53  Idem. 1270  54  Idem. 1271  55 1272 3J1 56 Ed.  I. !  Roger.  Extraneus  et Hen.  de  Kirkby. 1273 1274 12  75 1279 1280 1281 1286 1292 1293 1294 1300 1 201 I3°5 Ed.  II. Iidem. Roger,  le  Eftraneus. Idem. Alex,  de  Kyrketon  pro  quat.  an. Ranul.  de  Dacre. Idem  et  Joh.  de  Lythgrenes. Joh.  de  Lythgrenes  pro  quin.  an. Gervafius  de  Clifton  pro  fex  an. Joh.  de  Meaux. Idem. Joh.  de  Byrun  pro  fex  an. Rob.  Oughtred. Simon  de  Kyme  pro  quat.  an. Will,  de  Houk es  pro  tres  an. 1  Joh.  deCripling. 2  Idem. (  Johan,  de  Guas  et 3  £  Johan,  de  Eure, f  Gerard,  de  Salwayne  et 4 1  Joh.  de  Eure. 5  Iidem. 6  Gerard,  de  Salvayne. 7  Idem. conferred  upon  him.  Which  argues  it  a  place  o profit  in  thofe  days,  10  Ric.  I  Maddox's  exc r  3*7- I3°7 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 3  J  1 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. A.D. A.  Reg. J.D. A.  Reg. Ed.  II. Ric.  II. Joh.  Malebys  et •  1382 5 Will,  de  Ergham. T3T4 *1 Nich.  Meynel. '3S3 6 Joh.  Savyle. 1315 9 Symon  Warde. 1384 7 Gerard.  Usfleet. Nich.  de  Gray  et '3S5 S Rob.  Conftable.] 1310 IO Symon  Warde. 13S6 9 Idem. *3U I  I Iidem . '387 10 Rob.  de  Hylton. 1318 12 Iidem. 1388 1 1 Joh.  Savile. >319 >3 Symon  Warde. '389 1 2 Joh.  Godard. 1320 14 A/m  (V). 1390 13 Jac.  Pykeryng. 1321 15 Idem. 1391 H Will,  de  Melton. 1322 l6 Roger,  de  Somervile  pro  quin,  an '39' 15 Rad.  de  Eure. Ed.  III. '393 16 Joh.  Upeeden,  miles. 1327 I Roger,  de  Somervile. '394 U Jac.  Pykeryng,  miles. 1328 2 Joh.  Darcy. '395 18 Rad.  Conftable. 1329 3 Hen.  Falconberg. 1396 l9 Rad.  de  Eure. 1330 4 Idem. '397 20 Rob.  de  Nevile. 1331 5 Rad.  B ulmer. 1398 21 Jac.  Pykeryng. '33' 6 Petrus  de  SalfoMarifco.  Saltmarjh '399 22 Joh.  Upeeden. 1333 7 Idem. Hen. IV. 1334 8 Petrus  de  Middleton. 1400 1 Joh.  Conftable,  miles. •33  5 9 Idem. 'Tho.  Bromflete  miles  et '336 10 Petrus  de  Salfo  Marifco. 1 401 21 Wiii.  Drons field  miles. '  Rad.  de  Haftinges  et 1402 3 Joh.  Savile. r337 Tho.  de  Rokeby. i4°3 4 Ric.  Redman. 1338 12 Rad.  de  Haftinges. 1404 5 Idem. '339 13 Idem. 1405 6 Will.  Dronsfield,  miles. '34° 14 Idem. 1406 7 Joh.  de  Etton,  miles. '34' 1 5 Joh.  de  Eland. 1407 8 Tho.  Rokeby,  miles  (e). 1342 16 Joh.  Falconberg. 1408 9 Will.  Harrington,  miles. 1343 17 Tho.  de  Rokeby  pro  feptcm.  an. J4°9 10 Edward  Haftings,  miles. '35° 24 Gerard.  Salvayne. 1410 1 1 Edward.  Sandford,  miles. 1351 25 Will,  de  Plompton. 1 4 1 1 12 Tho.  Rokeby,  miles. I352 26 Pet.  de  Nuttelle. Hen. V. '353 27 Milo  Stapleton  ( d ). Hi3 1 Will.  Harrington,  miles. '354 28 Petrus  de  Nuttelle. 1414 2 Tho.  Bromflete,  miles. '355 29 Milo  Stapleton  mil.  pro  quin.  an. 1415 3 Ric.  Redman,  miles. 1360 34 Tho.  de  Mufgrave. 1416 4 Edward.  Haftings,  miles. 1361 35 Marm.  de  Conftable. 1417 5 Rob.  Hylton,  miles. 1362 36 Idem. 1418 6 Joh.  Bygod,  miles. 1363 37 Tho.  le  Mufgrave. 1419 7 Tho.  Bromflete,  miles. '364 38 Idem. 1420 8 Halnatheus  Maleverer , 2365 39 Idem. de  Allerton. 1366 40 Marm.  Conftable. 1421 9 Will.  Harrington,  miles. 1367 41 Idem. 1422 10 Haln.  Maleverer,  miles. 1368 aA Joh.  Cham  on  t  vel  de  calvo  monte  et Hen.  VI. 42i Will.  Afton, 1423 1 Will.  Harrington,  miles. 1369 43 Tidcm. 1424 2 Rob.  Hylton,  miles. 1370 44 Iidem. 1425 3 Joh.  Langton,  miles. 1371 45 Joh.  Bygod. 1426 4 Ric.  Haftings,  miles. 1372 46 Rob.  de  Roos. 1427 5 Will.  Ryther,  miles. '373 47 Will.  A<5ton. 142  8 6 Rob.  Hylton,  miles. '374 48 Joh.  Bygod  deSetterington. 1429 7 Will.  Harrington,  miles. '375 49 Will.  Perciehay. I43° John  Clarevaulx. 1376 50 Will,  de  Melton. I43I. 9 Will.  Ryther,  miles. '377 5 1 Rad.  de  Haftinges. 1432 10 Ric.  Pykering,  miles.  . Ric.  II. J4S3 1 1 Hen.  Bromflete,  miles. '37s 1 Joh.  Conftable  de  Halefham. J434 12 Ric.  Haftings,  miles. '379 2 Rob.  Nevill  de  Hornby. 1435 '3 Will.  Ryther,  miles. 1380 3 Joh.  Savyle. i436 '4 Will.  Tyrwhit,  miles. 1381 4 Rad.  Haftinges,  miles.] 1437 '5 Joh.  Conftable  de  Hallli mild. (c)  iaHmoil  2Ctattie  gained  a  great  vittory  over  the barons  at  2i5uvrougl)-lmt>ge,  where  the  earl  of  Lan- cajler  was  taken  prifoner.  The  male  line  of  this  anticnt family  expired  in  fir  Chrijl.  Warde  ftandard  bearer  to  king Henry  VIII.  at  Boulogn.  Three  daughters  married  to ■Strickland,  Mufgrave,  and  Ojbom.  Fuller's  worthies. (d)  Miles  Stapleton,  one  of  the  iirft  knights  of  the garter. (e)  Jho.  Rokeby  gained  the  victory,  by  the  foie  afii- ftance  of  his  count)',  ova  the  earl  of  Northumberland  at Bratnham-moor . '438 Chap. VIII.  of  the  CITY  YORK. A.D. A.  Reg. A.D. A.  Reg. Hen.V  f. Hen. VII. .  '438 16 Rob.  Conftable, *495 10 Joh.  Nevill, ■439 '7 Will.  Ryther,  miles. 1496 1 1 Will.  Gafcoign,  miles. 14+0 18 Job.  Tempeft,  miles. J497 12 Joh.  Melton,  miles. 1441 '9 Rob.  Waterton,  miles. 1498 I3 Joh.  Conyers,  miles. 1442 20 Will.  Gafcoign  de  Gauthorp, *499 14 Joh.  Hotham,  miles. miles. 1500 15 Idem. '443 21 TI10.  Metham,  miles. 1501 16 Walterus  Griffith,  miles. 1444 22 Edward  Talbot  de  Bafhall,  m. 1502 17 Tho.  Wortley,  miles. '445 23 Will.  Eure,  miles. 1503 18 Will.  Conyers,  miles. 1446 24 Jac.  Strangeways  de  Ormfby, 1504 W Rad.  Ryther,  miles. miles. i5°5 20 Joh.  Cutts,  miles. 1447 25 Rob.  Oughtrede,  miles. 1506 21 Rad.  Eure,  miles. 1448 26 Will.  Plumpton  de  Plumpton, 1507 22 Joh.  Norton,  miles. miles. 1508 23 Idem. '449 27 Joh.  Conyers,  miles. H.VIII. '•450 28 Jac.  Pykering,  miles. '50  9 1 Marm.  Conftable  de  Flambo- 1451 29 Rob.  Oughtrede,  miles. borough,  miles. '452 3° Rad.  Bygod,  miles. 1510 2 (g)  Rad.  Eure,  miles. '453 3' Jac.  Strangeways,  miles. 1511 3 Joh.  Conftable,  miles. '454 32 Joh.  Melton.,  jun.  miles. 1512 4 Joh.  Everingham,  miles ,  de '455 33 Joh.  Savile,  miles. Wadftey. 1456 34 Tho.  Harrington,  miles. 1 5 ' 3 5 Will.  Percy,  miles. '457 35 Joh.  Hotham,  miles. 1514 6 Joh.  Norton,  miles. 145S 36 Rad.  Bygod,  miles. '5'5 7 John  Carre,  miles. '459 37 Joh.  Tempeft,  miles. 1516 8 Rad.  Tempeft,  miles. 1460 38 Tho.  Metham,  miles. '  5 1 7 9 Will.  Bulmer,  miles. Ed.  IV. 1518 10 Joh.  Nevile,  miles. I46t I Joh.  Savile,  miles. '5'9 1 1 Pet.  Vavafour,  miles. I462 2 Rob.  Conftable,  miles. 1520 12 Tho.  Strangeways,  miles. 1463 3 Idem. 15" *3 Will.  Maleverer,  miles. 1464 4 Joh.  Conftable,  miles. 1522 i4 Hen.  Clifford,  miles. 1465 5 Ed.  Haftings,  miles. '523 15 Joh.  Nevill,  miles. I466 6 Ric.  Fitz-williams,  miles. 1524 16 Joh.  Conftable  de  Conftable- 1467 7 Jac.  Harrington,  miles. Burton,  miles. I468 8 Joh.  Conyers,  miles. '5'5 i7 Jac.  Metcalf,  arm. 1469 9 Jac.  Strangeways,  miles. 152  6 18 Will.  Middleton,  miles. 1470 10 Hen.  Vavafour,  miles. >527 19 Joh.  Nevill,  miles. 1471 1 1 Ed.  Haftings,  miles. 1528 20 Joh.  Conftable,  miles. 1472 12 Rad.  Afliton,  miles. '529 21 Rad.  Ellerker  fen.  miles,  de  El- '473 1 3 Idem. lerker. '474 H Walt.  Griffith,  miles. '53° 22 Joh.  Strangeways,  miles. '475 i5 Joh.  Conyers,  miles. '5  3' 23 Nich.  Fairfax,  miles. 1476 16 Joh.  Harrington,  miles. 1532 24 Marm.  Conftable,  miles. '477 i7 Ed.  Haftings,  miles. '53  3 25 Joh.  Conftable,  miles. 1478 18 Will.  Ryther,  miles. '534 26 Will.  Fairfax,  miles. '479 i9 Rob.  Conftable. '535 27 George  Darcy,  miles. I48O 20 Hugo  Haftings,  miles. 1536 28 Bryan  Haftings,  miles. I48l 21 Marm.  Conftable,  miles. 1 537 29 Hen.  Savile,  miles. 1482 22 Rad.  By  god,  miles. 1538 30 Jac.  Strangeways,  miles. Jvic.m. I539 31 Will.  Fairfax,  miles. 1483 1 Will.  Eure,  miles. 1540 32 Rob.  Nevill,  miles. 1484 2 Ed.  Haftings,  miles. i54i 33 Hen.  Savile,  miles. 1485 3 Tho.  MarkenfieH,  miles. 1542 34 Tho.  Tempeft,  miles. H EN.  VII. 1543 35 Tho.  Dawney  d'-fCowicke,  mil. i486 1 Joh.  Savile,  miles. J544 36 Nich.  Fairfax,  miles. 14S7 2 Rob.  Ryther,  miles. *545 37 Chrift.  Danby,  miles. 1488 3 Joh.  Nevile,  miles. 1546 38 Joh.  Tempeft,  miles. 1489 4 Marm.  Conftable. Ed.  VI. 1490 5 Hen.  Wentworth  de  Wood- 1547 1 Ric.  Cholmley  de  Whitby,  m. houfe,  miles. 1548 2 Will.  Vavafour,  miles. 1491 6 Tho.  Wortley,  miles. 1549 3 Walt.Calverley  de  Calverley,w. 1492 7 Henry  Wentworth,  miles. 1550 4 Leon.  Beckwith^  Aketon,  ?n. 1493 8 Jac.  Strangeways,  miles. 1551 -  5 Tho.  Grefham,  miles. 1494 9 Marm.  Conftable,  miles. 1552 6 Tho.  Maleverer,  miles. Cs)  Eure,  vel  Evtri,  created  baron  by  Henry  VIII,  the  family  had  MMtm  critic +x P.rtM. 354 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. A.D. 4.  Re,. A.D.  A. Reg. P.f/M. Jac.  I. 1553 I Tho.  Waterton,  miles. I6O4 2 Ric.  Gargrave,  miles. 1554 2 Ingram  Clifford,  miles. 1605 3 Will.  Banburgh  de  Howfam,  m. 1555 3 Chrift.  Metcalfe,  miles. l606 4 Hen.  Griffith  de  Agnes  Bur¬ 1556 4 Rich.  Cholmley,  miles. ton,  miles. 1557 5 Rob.  Conftable,  miles. 1607 5 Tim.  Hutton  de  Malk,  miles. >S58 6 Rad.  Ellerker,  miles. l608 6 Hugh  Bethell  de  Alne,  miles. Eliz. l609 7 Fran.  Hildefley,  miles. 1559 1 Joh.  Vaughan  de  Sutton,  arm. l6lO 8 Tho.  Dawney,  miles. 1560 2 Joh.  Nevill,  miles. l6ll 9 Hen.  Slingfby  de  Scriven,  mil. 1561 3 Nich.  Fairfax,  miles. l6l2 10 Chrift.  Hildyard,  miles. 1561 4 (b)G& 0.  Bowes  de  Stratham,  m. l6l3 1 1 Georg.  Savile,  miles  et  bar. 1563 5 Will.  Vavafour,  miles. l6l4 12 Joh.  ArmitageifeKirklees,  ar. >564 6 Will.  Ingleby  de  Ripley,  miles. l6l5 13 Ed.  Stanhope,  miles. I565 7 Tho.  Gargrave  de  Nofthall,  m. l6l6 14 Mich.  Warton  Beverley,  m. 1566 8 Joh.  Conftable,  miles. l6l7 15 Rob.  Swyft  de  Doncafter,  mil. >567 9 Hen.  Savile,  miles. l6l8 16 Will.  Alford  de  Bilton,  miles. 1568 10 Ric.  Norton,  arm. l6l9 17 Arth. Ingram,  de  civit.  Ebor. m. I569 1 1 Tho.  Gargrave,  miles. l620 18 Tho.  Gower  de  Stitenham, 157° 12 Chrift.  Hildyard,  miles. miles  et  bar. >57> 13 Tho.  Fairfax,  miles. l62I «9 Ric.  Tempeft,  miles. 1572 14 Joh.  Dawney  de  Cowick,  arm. l622 20 Guido  Palmes  de  Lindley,  rn. 1573 1 5 Marm.  Conftable,  miles. 1623 21 Hen.  Jenkins  de  GrimRonjuxta 1574 16 Joh.  Bellafis  ^eNewborough,w. Ebor.  miles. 1575 17 Tho.  Danby,  miles. l624 21 Ric.  Cholmley,  miles . i576 18 Tho.  Boynton  de  Barmfton,  ar. Car.I. 1577 19 Will.  Fairfax,  arm. 1625 1 fwjTho.W  ent  worth,  mil.et  bar. i578 20 Chrift.  Wandsford  de  Kirk- 1626 2 Tho.Norcliffe<&Manythorp,w. lington,  miles. 1627 3 Tho.  Fairfax,  miles. >579 21 Ric.  Goodricktfe  Ribfton,  arm. 1628 4 Matthew  Boynton,  mil.  et  bar. 158° 22 Rad.  Bourchier,  arm. 1629 5 Arthur  Ingram,  jun. 1581 23 (i)  Rob.  Stapleton,  miles. 163° 6 Joh.  Gibfon,  miles. 15S2 24 Tho.  Wentworth,  arm. 1631 7 Tho.  Layton  de  Layton,  miles. >583 25 Cotton  Gargrave,  miles. 1632 8 Arthur  Robinfon  de  Newby,  m. 1584 26 Joh.  Hotham  de  Scarbro*  arm. 1Q3 9 Marm.  Wyvil  de  Conftable- >5S5 2  7 Brian  Stapleton,  miles. Burton,  miles  et  bar. 15S6 28 Hen.  Conftable  de  Conftable- >634 10 Joh.  Hotham,  miles  et  bar. Burton,  arm. iQ5 11 Will.  Pennyman^Mafke,  bar. >587 29 Rob.  Afke,  arm. 1636 12 Joh.  Ramfden,  miles. 1588 3° Ric.  Maleverer,  arm. 1637 13 Tho.  Danby,  miles. i589 31 Joh.  Dawney,  miles. 1638 14 Will.  Robinfon,  miles. >59° 32 Phil.  Conftable,  arm. 1639 l5 (n)  Marm.  Langdale  de  Dal¬ >59> 33 Ric.  Goodrick,  arm. ton,  miles. >592 34 Will.  Mallery,  miles. 1640 1 6 Joh.  Buck  de  Filey,  miles. >593 35 Rad.  Eure  primogen.  D.  Eure. 1641 i7 Tho.  Gower  jun.  de  Stitnam, >594 36 Fran.  Vaughan,  arm. miles. >595 37 Chrift.  Hildyard,  arm. 1642 18 Ric.  Hutton  de  Goldtfbro’,  m. >596 38 Fran.  Boynton,  miles. 1642 19 Matthew  Bointon  de  Barmfton, >597 39 Tho.  Lafcells,  arm. miles  et  bar. 1598 40 Marm.  Grimfton  de  Grimfton- 1644 20 Idem. garth.  Arm. 1645 21 Joh.  Bourchier,  miles. 1599 4i Rob.  Swyft  de  Doncafter,  arm. 1646 22 Rob.  Darley^eButtercrumb,  m. 1600 42 (k)  Fran.  Clifford  de  Londef- 1647 23 Joh.  Savile  de  Medley,  miles. bro*  arm. 1648 24 Will.  S.  Quintin  de  Harpham, 1601 43 Will.  Wentworth,  arm. bar. 1602 44 Tho.  Strickland,  arm. Car.  II. 1603 45 Hen.  Bellafis,  miles. 1649 1 Joh.  Savile  of  Luplit,  miles. Jac. I. 1650 2 Ed.  Roads,  miles. 1 (1)  Hen.  Bellafis,  miles. 165I 3 Geo.  MaTwood,  arm. (h)  Vhl.  an fub  an.  1  569. foie  daughter  was  married  to  the  carl  of  Cork. {:)  Rob.  Stapleton,  a  lineal  defendant  from  fir  Miles, (IJ  Hen.  Bellajn,  created  by  Cut.  1.  baron  Fair  on  brhl  ce ma:  1  led  011c  ol the  coheirs  of  fir  Henry  Sherrington,  by of  Tar  uni whom  he  had numerous  iffue. (m)  A  ftei  wards  earl  of  Strafford. ,  ::)  hr -vi  Clifford,  he  afterwards  fuccecded  his  brother (n)  Created  bv  Car.  II.  tor  his  extraordinary  Ioydty iitorrt n  his  honours  and  earldom  of  Cumberland,  he  was baron  Langdale n  April  1658  i  two  years  before  the  Re- father  to  Hear/ he  tilth  and  lail  earl  of  that  family,  whofe fi  oration. Car.  II. Ch  ap.  VIII. A.D.  A.  Reg. Car. II. of  the  CITY  of  YORK.. 355 1 652 1653 1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 12 13 J4 1663  15 Hugh  Bethel]  /V/z.  de  Rife. Will.  Conftable  de  Flambro’, miles  et  bar. Col.  Joh.  Bright  of  Badfworth. John  Bright. Thomas  Harrifon,  efq-. The  fame. Barrington  Bourchier,  efq-, Robert  Waters,  efq-. Sir  Thomas  Slingfby,  hart. Sir  Thomas  Ofbotne,  hart. Sir  Thomas  Gower  o/Stitnam, knight  and  baronet. Sir  Roger  Langley  of  Sheriff- Hoton,  hart. Sir  Francis  Cobb,  knt. The  fame. Sir  John  Rerefby,  hart. Sir  Rich.  Mauleverer,  knight and  baronet. Sir  John  Armitage,  hart. Sir  Philip  Monckton,  knt. Sir  Solomoh  Swale,  hart. Sir  Will.  Wentworth,  knt. John  Ramfden,  efq-. Sir  Tho.  Yarborough,  knt. Henry  Marwood,  efq-. Sir  Edw.  Jennings,  knt. Sir  Godfrey  Copley,  bart. The  fame. Rich.  Shuttleworth,  efq-. Sir  Thomas  Daniel,  knt. Sir  Rich.  Grahme  of  Norton- Con  iers,  bart. Will.  Lowther,  efq-, Ambrofe  Pudfey,  efq-. Sir  Brian  Stapylton,  bart. Chrift.  Tancred,  efq-. Jam.  II. 1685  1  Chrift.  Tancred,  efq-, 1686  2  Thomas  Rookeby,  efq-, 1687  3  The  fame. 1688  4  Sir  Rich.  Grahme,  difplaced , G.  III.M.  and  in  April  1689. 1689  1  William  Robinfon,  efq-, 1 690  2  Sir  Jonathan  Jennings,  knt. 1691  3  Henry  Fairfax,  efq-, .1692  4  John  Gill,  efq -, 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680 168 1 1 682 1683 16S4 16 1 7 18 19 22 23 24 25 z  6 27 28 29 3° 31 32 33 34 35 36 A.  D.  A.  Reg. G.  III.M. 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 I7°4 I7°5 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 1714 5 Ambrofe  Pudfey,  efq ; 6 Charles  Tancred,  efq-. 7 Ingleby  Daniel,  efq , s John  Bradlhaw,  ejq -, 9 Thomas  Pulleine,  efq-. 10 Will.  Lowther,  efq-. 1 1 John  Lambert,  efq-. 12 Fairfax  Norclift',  efq-. 13 Robert  Conftable,  efq-. Ann^e. 1 Robert  Mitford,  efq-. 2 Sir  Tho.  Pennyman,  bart. 3 Tho.  Pulleine,  efq-. 4 Godfrey  Bofville,  efq-. 5 Sir  Mathew  Pierfon,  knt. 6 Sir  Roger  Beckwith,  bart. 7 Flenry  Ivefon,  efq-. 8 Will.  Ellis,  efq-. 1  9 Will.  Turbutt,  efq-. 10 Will.  Neville,  efq-. 1 1 Will.  Vavafour,  efq-. 13 Richard  Beaumont,  efq-. 13 Thomas  Wrightfon,  efq-. Geor.  I. 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729 1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1  Fairfax  Norcliffe,  efq -, 2  Charles  Wilkinfon,  efq-, 3  Sir  Will.  Huftler,  knt. 4  Sir  Henry  Goodrich,  bart. 5  Daniel  Lafcelles,  efq-, 6  John  Bourchier,  efq-, 7  Sir  Walter  Hawkefworth,  bart. 8  Sir  Ralph  Milbank,  bart. 9  Sir  Will.  Wentworth,  bart. 10  Hugh  Cholmley,  efq-, 11  Cholmley  Turner,  efq-, 12  Tho.  Ramfden,  efq-, Charles  Bathurft,  efq -, Thomas  Duncombe  of  Dun- combe-park,  efq-, 2  William  Harvey,  efq-, 3  Sir  Will.  S.  Quintin,  bart. 4  Bielby  Thompfon ,  efq-, 5  Sir  Rowland  Wynne,  bart. 6  Thomas  Condon,  efq-, 7  Hugh  Bethel],  efq-, 8  Francis  Barlow,  efq , 13 Geo. II. A  CAT^ALO  GUE  of  the  Representati  vesw  Parliament  for  the city  of  York,  from  the  firft  fummons  and  returns ,  beginning  anno  regni Edward  I.  23.  (0) Weft.  23  Ed.  I.  Nicholas  de  Seleby. Roger  Bafy. York,  26  Ed.  I.  Joh.  Le  efpicer. Nic.  Clarevaux. York.  28  Ed.  I.  John  de  Sezevauxfp). Gilbert  de  Arnald. Lincoln.  28  Ed.  I.  Joh.  de  Afkam. And.  de  Bolingbroke. Weflm.  33  Ed.  I.  Thomas  le  Anguiler. John  de  Sezevaux. h Veftm,  34 Ed. I.  John  de  Graham. Roger  de  Rofton. (0)  Mr.  Willis,  from  whofe  papers  I  corrected  and  (p)  De  Sezevaux,  or  tie  fexJecem  v  alii  bus,  is  the much  enlarged  this  lift,  remarks  that  Prynn  lays  citizens  town  on  the  Wolds,  now  called  Thixendale  corruptly.no were  defied  and  returned  anno  49  Hen.  III.  but  he  adds,  doubt,  from  fixteen  dales  -,  which  the  place  is  remarkable that  their  names  arc  not  to  be  met  with  in  any  of  our  for. records. Carli/le , 35^ The  HISTORY  a Carljle ,  35  Ed.  I.  John  de  Afkam. John  de  Sezevaux. North ”,  1  Ed.  II.  Joh.  de  Afkam. Joh.  de  Ebor. Wejlm.  2  Ed.  II.  Tho.  de  Norfolke. Nic.  Grantbridge. Wejltn.  4  Ed.  II.  Joh.  de  Graa. Tho.  Aguiler. Loud.  5  Ed.  II.  Tho.  de  Alwerthorpe. Joh.  Segge. Wejlm.  6  Ed.  II.  Tho.  de  Rednefs. Nic.  Sezevaux. Wejlm.  7  Ed.  II.  Nic.  Sezevaux. Joh.  de  Appelton. Wejlm.  S  Ed.  II.  Joh.  de  Appelton. Rog.  Ughtred. Wejlm.  12  Ed.  II.  Joh.deSexdecim  vallibus. York,  iidem.  Hen.  Calvert. York,  15  Ed.  II.  Hen.  Calvert, Tho.  de  Rednefs, Wejlm.  19  Ed.  II.  Joh.  de  Afkam. Symon  de  Kingfton. Wejlm.  20  Ed.  II.  Will,  de  Rednefs. Hen.  de  Bolton. York,  1  Ed.  III.  Tho.  de  Rednefs. Nic.  Sezevaux. Lincoln,  - -  Ric.  Tannock. Tho.  de  Montefort. Winch.  2  Ed.  III.  Will.  Fox. Will,  de  Baronia. North”.  - -  Tho.  de  Pontefrafto. Joh.  de  Burton. N.  Saturn,  3  E.  III.  Tho.  de  Gargrave. Joh.  de  Kyrkeby. North’'.  4  Ed.  III.  Will.  Fox. Tho.  Middleflone. York,  6  Ed.  III.  Cedula  deejl. 7ork ,  -  Will.  Fox. Galf.  Aldwark. Wejlm.  7  Ed.  III.  Tho.  de  Pontefra&o. Joh.  de  Ryppon. Wejlm.  Nic.  deScoreby. York.  Ric.  de  Brickinhale. Wejlm.  9  Ed.  III.  Joh.  de  Briftow. Nic.  de  Appleby. York.  Steph.  de  Setherington. Nic.  de  Scoreby. Nott.  10  Ed.  III.  Ric.  de  Briggenhale. Hen.  Goldbeter. Wejlm.  1 1  Ed.  III.  Ric.  de  Briggenhale. Alex.  Goldbeter. Wejlm.  Nic.  de  Scoreby. Hamo  de  Heffay. Wejlm.  12  Ed.  III.  Joh.  de  Sezevaux. Hen.  Calvert. Wejlm.  Joh.  de  Worn  me. Rob.  Sprottle. Wejlm.  Joh.  de  Womme. Ric.  de  Saugerry. Wejlm.  13  Ed.  III.  Hamo  deHefiay. Gilb.  Picklington. Wejlm.  14  Ed.  III.  Walt.de  Keldfterne. Hen.  Goldbeter. ( f‘)  Hamo ,  or  HamonJ,  Jc  Heffay  was  fcnt  up  fingly  to afl'itt  at  a  council  at  Weftminflcr.  To  thefe  councils  were fcidom  returned  above  one  member,  it  was  chiefly  called ’ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. Wejlm.  Tho.  //.  Ricardi. Joh.  Ichon. Wejlm.  15  Ed.  III.  Hen.  Goldbeter. Walt,  de  Keldftern. Wejlm.  1 7  Ed.  III.  Tho.  de  Rednefs. Joh.  de  Heton. Wejlm.  20  Ed.  III.  Joh.  de  Sherburne. Ric.  de  Setterington. Wejlm.  21  Ed.  III.  Will.  Graa. Walt.  Keldfterne. Wejlm.  22  Ed.  III.  Will.  Graa. Will.  Skipwith. Wejlm.  24  Ed.  III.  Rog.  Noringwill. Walt.  Kelleterne. York,  26  Ed.  III.  Hugo  de  Miton. Joh.  de  Creyke. Wejlm.  (p)  Hamo  de  Hefiay. Weflm.  27  Ed.  III.  Will.  Graa. Hamo  de  Heffay. Wejl?n.  29  Ed.  III.  Rog.  de  Normanville. Will.  Graa. Wejlm.  30  Ed.  III.  Will.  Graa. Rog.  Henningham. 33  Ed.  III.  Tho.  Auguber. Joh.  de  Sexdecim  vallibus. Rog.  de  Henningham. Wejlm.  34  Ed.  III.  Joh.  de  Gifburn. Wejlm.  Will.  Graa. Wejlm.  36  Ed.  III.  Joh.  de  Allerton. Rog.  de  Selby. Wejlm.  38  Ed.  III.  Will.  Graa. Rob.  Hawton. Wejltn.  39  Ed.  III.  Will.  Graa. Joh.  de  Acaftre. Wejlm.  43  Ed.  III.  Will.  Graa. Joh.  de  Acaftre. Win.  45  Ed.  HI.  Will.  Graa. Wejlm.  46  Ed.  III.  Will.  Graa. Rob.  Hawton, Wejlm.  47  Ed.  III.  Joh.  de  Gifburn. Joh.  de  Aftrew/ Acaftre. Wejlm.  50  Ed.  III.  Tho.  Graa. Joh.  Efhton. Glouc.  2  Ric.  II.  Joh.de  Acaftre. Tho.  Graa. Wejlrn.  3  Ric.  II.  Tho.  Graa. Rog.  de  Moreton, Wejlm.  6  Ric.  II.  Will.  Savage. Will.  Selby. N.  Sarum,  7 Ric.  II.Tho.  Graa. Will.  Selby. Wejlm.  8  Ric.  II.  Tho.  Quixley. Joh.  de  Hoveden. Wejlm.  9  Ric.  II.  Tho.  Graa. Tho.  de  Hoveden. Wejlm.  10  Ric.  II.  Tho.  Graa. Rob.  Savage. Wejlm.  11  Ric.  II.  Tho.  Holkore. Joh.  de  Hoveden. Camhr.  12  Ric.  II.  Joh.  de  Hoveden. Joh.  de  Ryppon. Wejlm.  13  Ric.  II.  Will,  de  Selby. Joh.  de  Hoveden. together  to  confult  about  trade  and  traffick.  So  anno 34  Ltl.  III.  Will.  Graa  was  returned  lingly  for  the  lame reafon.  Again  anno  45  Ed. III. Wejlm .4 357 .  r.  VIII.  of  the '  it.  i  8  ivic.  il.  Tho.  Graa. Will;  Selby. Vejlm.  2oRic.  II.  Tho.  Graa. Will.  Selby, V arw.  i  Hen.  IV.  Will.,Froft. Joh.  Bolton. XViirw.  3  Hen.  IV.  Rob:  Token. Rob,  Warde. C  8  Hen.  IV.  Rob.  Tolken. Joh.  de  Bolton. IVarw.  12  Hen. IV.  Will.  Ickham. Will;  Role. IVejlm.  1  Hen;  V.  Tho.  Santon. Will.  Alvey. Wejlvi.  2  Hen.  V.  Rog..Howam. Joh.  Northeby. IVejlm'  3  Hen.  V*  Will.  Alvey. Will;  Bowes. IVejlm.  5  lien.  V.  Tho.  Santon. Joh.  Blackburn. Wejlm.  7  Hen.  V.  John  Northeby.  (r) Thomas  Gare. ITejhn,  8  Hen;  V.  Joh.  Penreth. Hen.  Prefton. IVejlm.  9  Hen.  V.  John  Gave, Will.  Ormlheved. IVejlm.  1  Hen.  VI.  Will.  Bowes. Ric.  RuffelJ. IVejlm.  2  Hen.  VI.  Joh.  Northby. .  Peter  Bukfby. IVejlm.  3  Hen;  VI.  Iiic.  Rufiell. Joh.  Auldftanmore, Veic.  4  Hen.  VI.  Will.  Bowes. Will.  OrmfheVed, IVejlm.  6  Hen.  VI.  Joh.  Bolton. Tho.  Snawden. IVejlm.  7  Hen.  VI.  Joh.  Auldftanmoor. Joh.  Bolton. IVejlm.  9  Hen.  VI.  Will.  Bowes. Will.  Ormlheved. IVejlm.  1 1  Hen. VI.  Joh.  Louth. Tho.  Kirkham. IVejlm.  13  Hen. VI.  Ric.  Wartyr. Will.  Bcdale. Camb.  13  Hen. VI.  Will.  Bowes,  jun: Ric.  Louth. Land.  20  Hen.  VI.  Tho.  Ridley; Will.  Girlington. Camb.  25  Hen. VI.  Tho.  Crathorn. Will.  Stockton. IVejlm. 27  Hen. VI.  Joh.  Karr. Joh.  Threflc. IV jlm. 28  Hen.VI.  Tho.  Barton. Joh.  Catherick. IVeJlm.29  Hen.VI.  Joh.  Threflc. Will.  Hauke. Reading ,  3  1  H.VI.  Tho.  Dantry. Tho.  Nelefon. IVejlm.  38  Hen.VI.  Nic.Holgate. Joh.  Marton. IVejlm. IVejlm. IVarw. Oxford , IVejlm. CITY  of  YORK. ]  IVejlm.  39  Hen.VI.  'The  fame. 7  Ed.  IV.  (S) . ; IVejlm.  12  Ed.  IV.  Rich.  Yorke. Tho.  Wrangwifh. IVeflm.  17  Ed.  IV.  Miles  Metcalfe. Rob.  Amyas. .  ,  .  Many  returns  wanting. IVejlm.  14  H. VIII.  Thomas  Burton. John  Norman. IVejlm.  33  PI.  VIII.  John  Hogefton,  gent. George  Gayle,  aid. 1  Ed;  VI.  Tho.  Gargrave,  efq ■, Will.  Holme. 6  Ed.  VI.  Schedula  deejl. 1  Mary.  John  North,  gent. Robert  Hall,  gent. Mary.  John  Beyne. Rich.  White. 1 ,  2 .  P.  M.  The  return  lojl. 2,3.  Will.  Holme,  aid. Reginald  Beefly,  gent. IVejlm.  3,4.  Will.  Holme,  gent. Rob.  Peycock,  gent. Eliz.  1  William  Watfon. Rob.  Goldthorp,  aid. 5.  William  Watfon,  gent. Ralf  Hall,  gent. 13.  Ralf  Hall,  gent. Hugh  Graves,  gent, .14.  George  Pocock,  aid. Hugh  Graves,  aid. 27.  Will.  Rob  in  lbn,  aid. Robert  Brooke,  aid. 28.  Will.  Hilliard,  efq\ Rob.  Brooke,  aid. 31.  Rob.  Afkwith,  aid. Will.  Robinfon,  aid. 35.  Andrew  Trew,  aid. Jacob  Birkby,  aid. 39.  Jacob  Birkby, Tho.  Mofely,  aid. 43.  John  Bennet,  LL.  D. Henry  Hall,  aid. 1  James  I.  Robert  Afkwith,  aid. Chriftopher  Brook,  efq ; 1 2  This  return  wanting, 18  Sir  Robert  Afkwith,  hit. Chrift.  Brook,  efq\ 2 1  Sir  Arthur  Ingram,  knt. Chrift.  Brook,  efq\ 1  Charles  I.  Sir  Arthur  Ingram,  knt. Chrift.  Brook,  efq-y 1  The  fame. 3  Sir  Arthur  Ingram,  knt. Sir  Thomas  Savile,  knt; 1 5  Sir  Ed  wa  rd  Ofborn ,  ba  rt. Henry  Vane,  efq-, *6  Sir  Will.  Allenfon,  knt. Thomas  Ployle,  aid. ( r)  This  return  is  not  taken  notice  on  by  Mr.  Willis-, I  had  it  from  our  own  records.  They  arc  ftyled  civts  et mer  cat  ores  Ebor.  The  fame  1 4  Hew.  VIII. (.;)  Ult.  lie  Sept.  an.  2  Ed.  oyiarti  it  was  ordained  and agreed  by  the  affent  ot  the  council  of  the  city,  yet  for  als mybcl  as  nowe  late  fomc  aldermen  being  at  the  parlia¬ ments  in  time  palled  have  gone  to  bovde,  wheras  yai have  af  all  times  tofore  holden  houfc  for  the  worfliip  of the  cite,  yet  fro  henccfurth  what  alderman  fuever  iball goto  parliament  and  will  hold  houfe,  fhall  have  for  his colls  daily  iiiir.  and  it  he  go  to  horde  he  (ball  have  but 11  s.  upon  the  day  and  no  more  fio  nowe  forth.  E  reo?~ ftro  in  ctim.fup.poM.  Ufac. 4^ Rump 358 The  HISTORY  and Rump  Parliaments. Wefim.  164S  Sir  William  Allen  fen,  knt. Thomas  Hoyle. 1654.  Sir  Tho.  Widdrington,  knt. Thomas  Dickenfon ,  aid. 1656  The  fame. 1 658  Sir  Thomas  Dickenfon ,  knt. Chrifopher  Topham ,  efq-, 12  Char.  II.  «S7rTho.Widdrington,£#/. Metcalf  Robinfon,  efq-, 13  (t)Sir Tho. Ofborne,  hart. Sir  Henry  Tomfon,  knt. Sir  Metcalf  Robinfon,  bar. 29  Sir  John  Hevvley,  knt. Sir  Hen.  Thompfon,  knt. 30  The  fame. Oxf.  31  The  fame. Wefim.  1  James  II.  Sir  John  Rerefby,  hart. Sir  Metcalf  Robinfon,  bar. 1  W.  et  M.  Hon.  Peregrine  Vifcount Dunblane. Edward  Thompfon,  efq-, Robert  Waller,  aid. Henry  Thompfon,  efq ; ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. 2W.  f/M.  Robert  Waller,  aid. Edward  Thompfon,  efq-, 7  Will.  III.  Edward  Thompfon,  efq ; Tobias  Jenkins,  jun.  efq-, 10  Sir  Will.  Robinfon,  knt. Tobias  Jenkins,  jun.  efq-, 12  Sir  Will.  Robinfon,  bart. Tobias  Jenkins,  jun.  efq-, 13  Tobias  Jenkins,  mayor. Sir  Will.  Robinfon,  bart. 1  Anne.  Sir  Will.  Robinfon,  bart. Tobias  Jenkins,  efq-, 4  Sir  Will.  Robinfon,  bart. Robert  Benfon,  efq-, 7  Sir  Will.  Robinfon,  bart. Robert  Benfon,  efq ; 9  The  fame. 12  Sir  Will.  Robinfon,  bart. Robert  Fairfax,  efq-, 1  George  I.  Sir  Will.  Robinfon,  bart. Tobias  Jenkins,  efq-, 8  Sir  William  Milner,  bart. Edward  Thompfon,  efq-, 1  Geor.  II.  Sir  Will.  Milner,  bart. Edward  Thompfon,  efq ; ■8  Sir  John  Lifter  Kaye,  bar. Edward  Thomofon.  efa\ The  election  of  members  of  parliament  for  this  city  is  now  very  popular  and  tumultuous* but  anciently  it  was  otherways.  For  inftead  ot  every  freeman  of  the  city,  refident  or  non- refident  in  it,  having  a  vote  in  thefe  elections,  which  is  the  cate  at  prefent,  I  find  in  the  old regifter-books  that  two  citizens  were  formerly  nominated  to  reprefentthe  city  in  parliament b)^ the  bench  alone,  and  after  by  the  bench  and  commons.  An  ihftance  of  the  latter  as  low as  the  26,h  of  queen  Elizabeth  I  give  from  the  regifter  as  follows: 28  th  Oft.  26  Eliz. 44  Afiembled  in  the  councell  chamber  upon  Ouze-bridge  the  day  and  year  abovefaid,  when 44  and  where  the  queen’s  majefty’s  writ  of  ele&ion  for  two  burgdfes  of  this  city  was  read  in “  this  court :  And  alfo  thefe  commoners,  viz.  William  Gilmyn,  William  Allen,  James  Stocke, 44  John  Stephenfon ,  Robert  Pearfon ,  John  Metcalf,  fen.  John  Bilbowe ,  George  Middleton ,  Of 44  voald  Dent ,  Robert  Myers,  William  Beckwith,  draper,  Richard  Huton,  Parcyvall  Level, 44  William  Gibfon,  Edward  Exilby ,  Thomas  Waller,  Chrifopher  Turner,  John  Pinder,  Wil- 44  Ham  Scott,  mercer,  William  21;: ng,  Nicholas  Haxup,  Thomas  Wilfon,  John  Carter,  Fran- “  cis  Newby,  Lancelot  Cowpland,  Rowland  Fawcet ,  John  Clithero,  Thomas  Elwodd ,  George 44  Tirry,  George  Kit ching,  Richard  Whittington,  William  Mafkewe,  Simond  Butterfield,  George 44  Clivicke,  Henry  P  ref  on,  Henry  Wilkinfon,  free-holders  oi  this  city,  did  now  perfonally  ap- 44  pear  in  this  court,  and  were  prefent  at  the  reading  of  the  Lid  writ:  And  then  afterwards 44  went  into  the  chequer  court,  and  then  and  there  having  with  them  a  clerk,  did  privately 44  o-ive  their  voices,  as  appeareth  by  a  paper  of  their  faid  voices  hereunto  annexed,  and  by 44  their  rnoft  voices  they  did  choufe  Mr.  Robert  Afquith,  Mr.  William  Robinfon,  Mr.  Robert 44  Brooke ,  and  Mr.  Chrifopher  Maltby,  aldermen,  as  four  elecfts  for  the  faid  burgefies,  and 44  brought  the  fame  before  this  afiembly,  who  one  after  another  did  give  their  private  voices 44  to  the  election  of  two  of  the  faid  aldermen  to  be  burgefies :  And  fo  Mr.  recorder  with  a 44  clerk  taking  their  voices,  by  the  moft  voices  of  thefe  prefents,  the  faid  Mr.  Urilliam  Ro- 44  binfon  and  Robert  Brooke  are  now  nominated  to  be  burgefies  for  this  city.  And  it  is  now 44  further  agreed  by  thefe  prefents,  that  on  Monday  the  ninth  of  November  next,  the  faid 44  Mr.  Robinfon  and  Mr.  Brooke  fhall  be  publifhed  a'nd  nominated  burgefies  for  the  faid  city 44  in  the  county  court  there  ;  and  all  the  faid  perfons  who  was  at  the  faid  election  to  be  com- 44  manded  to  be  then  prefent  at  the  faid  county  :  And  that  a  letter  of  attorney  fhall  be 44  made  to  the  faid  burgefies  under  the  common  feal  as  hath  been  accuftomed. 9  Nov.  2  6  Eliz. 44  Afiembled  at  the  councel  chamber  upon  Owfe-bridge  the  day  and  year  abovefaid,  and 44  then  the  faid  lord-mayor  and  this  afiembly  went  into  the  fherift’s  court,  and  then  the 44  queen’s  majeftie’s  writt  for  choofing  of  two  Burgefies  was  read  openly,  and  then  the (*)  Made  a  peer  this  parliament.  Earl  of  Danby.  returned  in  his  room Afterwards  created  duke  of  Leids.  Sir  Metcalf  Robinfon 44  faid Chap. VIII.  of  the  CITY  af  YORK. “  laid  lord-mayor,  aldermen,  and  freeholders  which  were  prefen  t  at  the  nomination  of  the “  fiid  burgeffcs  the  28th  of  October,  did  fully  confent,  chufe,  and  eledl  William  Robinfon  and ct  RobertBraok  aldermen  to  be  burgeffes,  and  then  one  pair  of  indentures  were  prefently  fealed “  by  my  lordmiayor  and  twenty  four,  in  the  names  of  all  the  reft  ol  freeholders  of  the  one “  part,  and  the  lherifFs  of  the  other  part.” An  ACCOUNT  of  the  POLL  for  the  city  of  Y  O  R  K,  in  the  three  lajl  contejled deletions. rSir  William  Robinfon,  hart.  1368. Candidates ,  anno  1713.  <  Robert  Fairfax,  efq-,  —  —  835. i  Tobias  Jenkins,  efq -,  —  ■ —  802. (  Sir  William  Robinfon,  bart.  —  1388. (u )  Candidates  anno  Tobias  Jenkins,  efq-,  —  —  1225. Robert  Fairfax,  efq-,  —  —  844. f  Sir  William  Milner,  bart.  ■ -  1421. Candidates ,  anno  1722.  <  Edward  Thompfon,  efq-,  — •  j 399. ^-Tancred  Robinfon,  .efq-,  —  1076. r  Sir  John  Lifter  Kaye,  bart. Candidates ,  anno  1734.  \Sir  William  Milner,  bart. L  Edward  Thompfon,  efq-. Three  days  before  the  election  fir  William  gave  up  his  pretenflons  •,  fo  that  the  other two  were  chofen  without  oppofition.  And  to  the  eternal  honour  of  the  citizens  of  York , the  firft  named  worthy  gentleman  was  fent  for  by  them  and  elected  without  the  leaft  ex¬ pence  to  him,  but  that  of  purchafing  his  freedom  and  paying  the  neceflary  fines  to  the city. A  CATALOGUE,  of  the  MAYORS  and  BAILIFFS ,  LORD- MAYORS  and  SHERIFFS  of  the  city  fl/YORK  from  anno  1273, 1  EdwardI,  and  upwards,  to  the  prefent  year. Circa  an.  1140 Circa  an.  1195 An.  1219 Circa  An.  1225 An.  1230 Nigel-1  was  mayor  of  York  in  the  time  of  Stephen  (x). Drugo  Berentine  in  the  reign  of  Richard  I. Took  Flower,  father  of  St.  Roberto/  Knarefborough,  was  twice  mayor  of York  in  the  fame  reign  (y). Thomas  Palmer  mayor  (y). Henry  de  Sexdecim  Vallibus,  or  Sezevaux,  mayor  in  the  time  of  Plen¬ ty  III  (y). Hugo  de  Seleby  mayor  (z). A.D.  A.  Reg. Hen.  III. 1249 33 Nicholas  Orgar  mayor  (z). Will.  Fairfax, 1252 36 John  de  Seleby  was  mayor  ( z). John  de  Warthill,,  p 1257 41 Gacius  de  Calvo  Monte,  mayor  *, Hen.de  Sezevaux,  v  Bayliffs  (z). or  Chamont. Martin  de  Norfoulk,  C 12  59 43 Hugo  de  C reify  mayor  ( z). Will,  de  Brinkelan,  ) 1 260 44 The  fame  (z). rlvo  de  Ufegate, 1263 47 John  de  Seleby  mayor. <  Simon  le  Graunt,  v  Bayliffs  (z). f  John  de  Conynton,  j 1271 5s Walter  de  Stokes,  mayor  (z). (  William  de  Holteby,  ^ Adam  de  Cerf,  mayor  (b ). )  John  Spery,  \  Bayliffs. c  I vo  de  Ufegate,  j A .  D.  A.  Reg.  M  a  y  0  r  s  (c). Bayliffs. Ed.  Ii. 1  273  1  John  le  Efpecer  fen.  aut (d)  Apotecarius. 1274  2  Rob.  de  Bromholme. Gilb.  de  Luda  or  Luye,  Hen.  de  Holtby,  Joh.  de Conyngton. Hen.  de  Holtby,  Joh.  de  Sutton,  Joh.  de  Conyngton. («)  In  this  conteft,  as  appears  by  the  numbers  com¬ pared  with  the  former,  about  four  hundred  freemen were  made  to  ferve  a  turn,  at  the  expence  of  one  of the  candidates.  The  introduftion  of  fo  many  poor people  into  the  city,  is  feniibly  felt  by  it  now,  and will  be  fo  hereafter. (.v)  Stowe's  chron.  Leland.  coll  &c. (  y  )  Sir  T.  IV.  from  publick  records. (t)  The  lcigerbook  of  Fountain’s  abbey,  as  witneffes, See  the  appendix. (a)  This  name  cccurs  in  Maddox’s  exchequer,  when he  lays,  th.it  the  city  was  taken  into  the  king's  hinds for  difobediencc  in  not  paying  their  ferm,  p.  645. ( b )  From  an  old  record  in  the  Fairfax  family  as  wit¬ neffes. (r)  This  lift  from  anno  1273,  is  taken  chiefly  from lawyer  Hildyard' s,  printed  anno  1 664  ,•  except,  where upon  good  authority,  as  antient  charters,  publick  re¬ cords,  &c.  I  have  found  rcafon  to  alter  it. (</)  John  le  Efpictr  is  called  Johannes  Apotecar.us,  as  a witnefs  to  an  old  grant  to  Fountain's.  Le  efpicer  is  an old  French  term  for  what  we  now  call  a  druggtft.  In ItaliM n  an  apothecary  is  called,  io  at  this  day, 1275 359 }6o The A.  D.  A. Reg.  Mayors. Ed.  II. 12  75  3  JohndeBromholme  i. 1276  4  John  dc  Bromholme  2. 1277  5  John  de  Bromeholme  3. 1 2  78  6  Walter  de  Stokes. 1279  7  Walter  de  Stokes. HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. 9> IO 1.280 1281 1282 1283  11  Sir  John  Sampfon  1, 1.2S4  12  Sir  Gilb.de Luda  or  Luye. 128c  13  Sir  John  Sampfon  2. 14  >  _ . 15  V.  Nich.  de  Selby  1.  2.  3. Ba  yliffs. 1286 1287 128S 1 289 1290 1291 Rob.  Blunde,  Rob.  del  Moore,  And.de  Bullincrbroke. Nic.de  Selby,  Pet.  de  Santon,  Will.  Sleight.° Nic.  le  Efpicer,  Nic.  de  Selby,  Roger  Bafy. John  le  Efpicer,  John  de  Conyngfton,  Joh.deSutton. Steph.  le  Tughler,  Rog.  de  Bonevill,  John  de  Co- nynfton. I  Theft  three  years  the  city  was  in  the  king's  hands ,  and  Richard  de  Rummundeby was  cuftos  of  it. John  del  Liflington,  Will.  Sleghte,  Rob.  Worall. Pog.  de  Carlton,  Clem  Pontefraft,  Hugh  de  Sutton. Nich.  de  Langton,  Joh.  Hawyfe,  Nidi,  de  Selby. 16$ 1 7  In  the  king's  hands. iS  Roger  Bafy  1. 19  John  le  Efpicer  1. Peter  de  Appleby,  Remeris  Spery,  Nic.  Ie  Blund. Peter  de  Santon,  Adam  Warthill,  Ralph  Wyles. 'The  fame. Will.Lyngtayle,  Steph.  le  Cddronne,  Rob.  de  Hefiay. 1292  20  ) 1 293  2 1 ;  Thefe  five  years  the  government  of  the  city  was  in  the  king's  hands ,  anno  1292,  Ro- 1294  22  ger  de  Efingwald,  and  after  fir  John  de  Me  Ha.  or  Maux,  knights  were  gover- 1295  23'  no  it  rs  of  it. I2 95  24') _ Simon  Sichman,  John  Boni,  John  de  Schupton. Laur.  le  Fleming,  Will.  Langley,  Rob.  Meeke. Tho.  de  Appleby,  Ralp.  de  Jayrum,  Laur.  Flower. Will,  de  Ouleney,  Nich.  dePocklinton,  Will.  Operye Gilb.  Arnald,  Rah  de  Lincolne,  Tho.  de  Selby. 1297  25  Nich  de  Langton  1 . 1298  26  James  le  Fleming  1. 1299  27  John  Sampfon,  knt.  3. 1300  28  John  Sampfon,  knt.  4. 1301  29  John  le  Elpycer  1.  fon  of the  former  John. 1302  30  John  le  Efpicer  2. J3°3  31  John  le  Efpicer  3. 1304  32.  John  le  Efpicer  4. I3°5  33  -And-  de  Bolingbroke  r. 1306  34  Nic.  de  Langton  2. Ed.  II. 1307  1  John  de  Afkam  r. 1308  2  John  de  Afkam  2. 1309  3  And.  de  Bullingbroke  2. 1310  4  Rob.  le  Meeke  1. 13 1 1  5  Nich.  le  Fleming  1. 1312  6  Nich.  le  Fleming  2. 1313  7  Nich.  le  Fleming  3. 1314  8  Nich.  le  Fleming  4. 1315  9  Nich.  le  Fleming  5. 1316  10  Nich.  le  Fleming  6. 1317  11  Rob.  le  Meeke  2. 1318  13  Tho.  de  Rednefie. 1319  13  Nich.  le  Fleming  7. 1320  14  Rob.  le  Meeke  3. 1321  15  Rob.  Ie  Meeke  4. 1322  16  Nich.  Langton  1.  eldefi fon  to  the  former  Nich. 1323  17  Nich.  de  Langton  2. 1324  18  Nich.  de  Langton  3. 1325  19  Nich.  de  Langton  4. Ed.  III. 1326 1327 1328 1329 133° 1331 1332 1333 1334 1  Nich.  Langton  5. 2  Nich.  Langton 6. 3  Nich.  Langton  7. 4  Nich.  Langton  8. 5  Nich.  Langton  9. 6  Nich.  Langton  10. 7  Nich.  Langton  1 1. 8  Nich.  Langton  12. 9  Hen.  de  Belton  1. Rob.  de  Walton,  And.  Bullingbroke,  Will.  Durant. Will,  de  Ufeburn,  Barth.de  Newcaftle,  Vine.  Ver- .ienell. Tho.  Borovit,  Walt.  Whitem,  Rob.  de  Lyndfey. Joh.  de  Appleby,  Walt.  Gower,  Walt.  Fleming. The  fame. Rog.  de  Allerton,  Rog.  de  Rofton,  Ad.  Stockfield. Ad.  de  Pocklington,  Giles  Brabance,  Ad.  Stockfield. Will,  de  Rednefs,  Ric.  de  Catton,  Adam  Stockfield. Will,  de  Rednefs,  Will.  Gromsfley,  Ric.  deBilbrough Tho.  Agviler,  Rob.  de  Willow,  Will,  de  Grantham. Walt,  de  Scourby,  Joh.  de  Leceftre,  Will,  de  Uleburn Allan  de  Appleby,  Joh.de  Beverley,  Nich.  de  C.tton John  de  Efeby,  Allan  Sleight,  Joh.  le  Fyfche. Walt,  de  Scotton,  Ric.  de  Dufield,  Will,  de  Abbay. Tho.  de  Alverthorpe,  Nic.  de  Colonia,  Ric.  le  Toller Adam  de  Kingfton,  Jordan  Savage,  Thomas  Davy. Will.  Fox,  Will.de  Duremc,  Rob.  de  Selby. JohnRaine,  John  Bachelfiy,  John  Orback. Henry  Calvehird,  Rich.  Tinmack,  John  Scoreby. Nich.  Saxter,  John  de  Selby,  Will,  de  Fryflon. Nich.  Foulks,  Rob.  de  Molfby,  Rob.  del  Wald. Joh.  de  Colne,  Nigel,  le  Potter,  Rich,  de  Balne. Joh.  Houfutn,  Tho.  Bilham,  And.  Bofiale. Simon  Gower,  Will.  Icon,  Ric.  de  Tickhill. The  fame. John  Wome,  Nich.  Scoreby,  Will,  flockam. Will.  Rednefs,  Will.  Selby,  John  Pichard. Lien,  de  Belton,  Tho.  Afkam,  Will.  Batnell. Steph.  Setterington,  Ric.  Brigenhall,  Tho.  Marefchal. Will,  de  Bourgbrigg,  Joh.  de  Catton,  Joh.de  Moreby Hen.  le  Colbeter,  Will.  Fyfke,  Will.  Eftrington. Will.  Grantham,  Ric.  Leceftre,  Will.  Region. Rich,  de  Leceftre,  Milesde  Grafton,  Will.  leSpuryer. H35 Chap. VIII,  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. AD.AReg.  Mayors_ Ed.  Ill. 1335  10  Hen.  de  Belton  2, 1336  11  Hen.  de  Belton  3. 1337  12  Hen.  de  Belton  4. 1338  13  Nich.  Langton. 1339  14  Hen.  de  Belton  5. 1340  15  N  ich.  Langton  1 5. 1341  1 6  Nich.  Langton  16. 1342  1 7  Nich.  Langton  17. 1343  18  Nich.  Foukes. 1344  19  John  de  Shereburn  1. 1345  20  John  de  Shereburn  2. 1346  21  John  de  Shereburn  3. 1347  22  Hen.  le  Goldbetsr. 1348  23  Hen.  Scorby  1. 1349  24  Hen.  Scorby  2. 1350  2  5  Hen.  Scorby  3. 1351  26  Hen.  Scorby  4. 1352  27  Hen.  Scorby  5. 1353  28  John  Langton  1. 1354  29  J°hn  Langton  2. 1355  30  John  Langton  3. 1356  31  John  Langton  4. 1357  3 2  John  Langton  5. 1358  33  John  Langton  6. 1359  34  John  Langton  7. 1360  35  John  Langton  8. 1361  36  John  Langton  9. 1362  37  Johnde  Acafter  1. j 363  38  John  Langton  10. 1364  39  John  de  Acafter  2. 1365  40  Rich.  Waldeby. 1366  41  Rog.  de  Hovingham. 1367  42  Will.  Graie. 1368  43  Rob.  de  Holme. 1369  44  Will.  Savage  oh.  in  officio. 1370  45  Roger  de  Selby. 1371  46  JohndeGyfeburn  1.  mere. 1372  47  John  de  Gyfeburn  2. 1373  48  Rog.de  Moreton. 1374  49  Tho.  de  Howome. 1375  50  Ralph  de  Hornby. 1376  51  Tho.  Graa  .  .  . R.  II. 1377  1  John  de  San&on. 1378  2  John  de  Berden. 1 3  79  3  John  de  Acafter. 1380  4  John  de  Gyfburn  3. 1381  5  Simon  de  Quyxley  1. 1382  6  Simon  de  Quyxley  2. 1383  7  Simon  de  Quyxley  3. 1384  8  Simon  de  Quyxley  4. 1385  9  Rob.  Savage  1.  inerch. 1386  10  Will,  de  Selby  1. 1387  11  John  de  Howeden. 1388  12  Will,  de  Selby  2. Lord-mayors. Bayliffs. Will,  de  Sherburn,  John  de  Briftol,  Will.  Caperon. John  de  Shurburn,  Ric.  de  Sezay,  Ric.  Kelfterne. John  Dorant,  John  Danby,  Abel  Hefiell. Will,  de  Holme,  Rad.de  Staynegrene,  Joh.  deSour- b'ye. Hugh  de  Miton,  Rob.  Skalton,  Rob.  Afkeby. John  Redman,  John  Hanfard,  Will,  de  Grantham. John  de  Acorn,  John  de  Rypon,  John  Cooke. Rob.  Walfh,  Ric.  Farome,  Will.  Fox. Will,  de  Sutton,  Tho.  deEftrington,  Joh.  de  Efhton, Simon  Kingfton,  JohnTuck,  John  de  Coupenthorpe* Will.de  Akaftre,  Rob.  deSelby, Will.  de  Hovingham Will.  Grai,  Will.  Pearcy,  Tho.  Yorke. John  Langton,  Tho.  Myton,  Rob.  Lydyate. Will.  Skelton,  Tho.  Duffield,  Will.  Hatchington. Rob.  de  Lindeffiay,  Hen.  de  Manfield,  T&o.  Men- ningthorpe. Tho.  Sigfton,  Will.  Bell.  Rob.  Lindefhay, Johnde  Clervaux,  Nich.  Santon,  Will.  Swetmouth. Hugh  Myton,  Roger  Ofbaldwyke,  Ric.  Amcoats. Will,  de  Swanland,  Hen.  Godburne,  John  Firebofe. John  de  Alverton,  Will,  de  Beverley,  Rob.  de Howme Will.  Burton,  Ric.  Seaton,  Rob.  Faceby. Will.  Savage,  Hen.  Kelfeld,  Rob.  de  Skelton. John  deScoreby,  John  de  Waldby,  John  dfc  Rypon* Will.  Farriner,  John  de  Acaftrc,  Tho.deStrenfal. Rog.  de  Selby,  Rob.  de  Crayke,  Rog.  Strickhill. Ralph  de  Hornby,  Will.  Frankes,  Rob.  de  Ample- ford. John  de  Sanctpn,  John  de  Knapton,  Rich  de  Barnby. Rich.  Parrat,  John  de  Knapton,  John  de  Crome, Joh.  de  Twyfelton,  Rich,  de  Thorelby^  Rob.  de  Pot- howe. Rob.  de  Pothowe,  Rob.  del  Gare,  Simon  Couke. John  Senehowe,  Geo.  Coupmanthorpe,  Rpb'.  Sutton. Rog.  de  Morton,,  Rob.  Barry,  Joh  Barrefter. John  Youle,  Tho.  Holme,  John  Welande. Rog.  de  Morton,  John  Lafynby,  John  Clayton. Will.  Burton,  Will.  Couper,  Hugo  de  Haukswell, Hen.  deRibfton,  Ric.  de  Waghen,  Will.  Gyry. Rob.  de  Harome,  Pet.  Toul thorp,  Ric.'  Acafter. Will.  Tendew,  Will.  Hovingham.  John  Swerd. John  Bowden,  John  de  Beverley,.  Johnde  Poynton. Will,  de  Selby,  John  de  Paythorn,  Ric.  de  Cawrhorn* Sim.  de  Quixley,  Will,  de  Helmfley,  Rob.  de  Duf¬ field. Rob.  Savage,  John  de  Braithwait,  John  deHowden. Tho.  de  Stanley,  John  de  Darington,  Tho.  de  Mor-- ton. Tho.  Smith,  Hugh  Dymock,  John  Wrayby. john  de  Sheffield,  Elias  Litefter,  Will.  Tickill. Rob.  Ward,  Rob.  de  Talkan,  Rich,  de  Alne. Will.  Agland,  Will.  Golding,  Will,  de  Pountfrayt. Simon  Clapham,  Simon  de  Alne,  Hen.  de  Bolton. John  de  Whixley,  Will.  Fysfhe,  Will,  de  Bridfell. Conft.  del  Dam,  Rich,  de  Santon,  Tho.  de  Kelfieid. Will.  Dereham,  Will.  Yereby,  John  Thornton. Hen.  de  Yarum,  Will.  Yereby,  Rob.  Wreach. Adam  del  Bank,  John  de  Bolton,  John  Sefay. Hen.  Wyman,  John  de  Stillington,  Will.  Lindfey, 1389  12  Will,  de  Selby  3.  firjl f word . 1390  13  Tho.  Smith  1. John  de  Afkam,  Rob.  Louth,  John  Lindfiey. I  Tohn  Todde.  Kear  Bakyrfaxther,  John  deTopcliffe, 4  Z  I39i 13  OOK  1 3^2 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES A.  D.  A.  Reg.  Lord-mayors, H.  IV. 1391  14  Tho.  Smith  2. 1392  15  Rob.  Savage  2. 1393  Rob.  Savage  3.  f.rflmace. 1394  1 7  Tho.  de  Stay  vela  y  1. 1395  18  Will.  Helmfley. 1396  19  Tho.  Stavyelay  2. 1397  20  Sir  Will.Froft,-  hit. 1398  21  Tho.  Gare. 1399  22  Rob.  Talken. H.  IV. 1400  1  Sir  Will.  Froft,  hit.  2. 1401  2  Sir  Will.  Froft,  knt.  3. 1402  3  <Sz>  Will.  Froft,  knt.  4. 1403  4  Sir  Will.  Froft,  knt.  5. 1404  5  Sir  Will.  Froft,  knt.  6. 1405  6  John  del  Bank. 1406  7  Sir  Will.  Froft,  knt.  7. 1407  8  Hen.  Wyman  1. 1408  9  Hen.  Wyman  2. 1409  10  Hen.  Wyman  3. 1410  11  John  Bolton. 14 1 1  12  John  Craven. H.  V. 1412  1  Rob.  Howom  1.  merch. 1413  2  Nich.  Blackburn  1.  mere. 1414  3  Tho.  de  Santon. 1415  4  Will.  Alne,  merch. 1416  5  John  Northby  riier cb. 1 41 7  6  Will.  Bowes  1.  merch. 1418  7  John  de  Moreton.  .  1 1419  8  John  de  Bedale. 1420  9  Tho.  del  Gare. 1421  10  Rich.  Ruftel  1.  merch. 1422  11  Hen.  Prefton. H.  VI. 1423  1  Tho.  Efingwald,  merch. 1424  2  Tho.  Bracebrigg,  merch. 1425  3  Will.  Ormftieved,  merch. 1426  4  Peter  Buckcy. 1427  5  John  Aldeftanmoor,  mer. 1428  6  Will.  Bowes  2. 1429  7  Nich.  Blackburne  2. 1430  8  Rich.  Ruflel  2. 1431  9  J°hn  Bolton,  merch. 1432  10  Tho.  Snawden,  pewterer. 1433  11  Will.  Ormelhed  2. 1434  12  Tho.  Gayer. 1435  *3  Tho.  Kirkham. 1436  14  Ric.  Wartyr  1.  merch. 1437  15  Will.  Bedale,  merch. 1438  16  Nich.  Usflete,  merch. 1439  l7  Tho.  Ridley. 1440  18  Will.  Girlington,  draper. 1441  19  Tho.  Kirke,  mercer. 1442  20  John  Thrufke  1.  merch. mayor  of  the  Jlaple . 1443  21  Will.  Bowes. 1444  22  Ric.  Buckden,  merch. J445  23  Tho.  Crathorne. 1446  24  Will.  Stockton. 1447  2  5  J°hn  Crofyer. 1448  26  John  Carpe. 1449  27  Will.  Holbeck,  merchant of  the  Jlaple. 1450  28  Tho.  Burton,  grocer , Bayliffs. Tho.  de  Doncafter,  Will.  Bickhead,  Will.Haunby John  Craven,  Will.  Heflay,  Joh.Perith. John  Booth,  Tho.  Hornby,  Rog.  de  Rofton. Nich.  Wartliill,|  Adam  Delftok,  Hugh  Charter. John  Raghton,  Tho.  del  Gare,  Rob.  Bothe. Will.  Redhead,  ' Tho.  Rufton,  Will.  Alne. Sheriffs. John  Moreton,  Tho.  Howden. Will.  Selby,  John  Hewyke. Rob.  Howome,1  Will.  Scawfby. Tho.  Doncafter,  John  Barnacaftle. John  Wranby,  Edward  Cottfbrook. Will.  Bowes,  Will.de  Lee. Adam  Bridge,  Thomas  Santon. Rich.  Howe,  Henry  Prefton. John  de  Bedale,  Joh.  Wythen. Rob.  Kirkby,  John  Ufebufn. Tho.  Hasfle,  Will.  Marftofi. John  Moreton,  Rob.  Gare. John  Northby,  Rob.  del  Gare. Tho.  del  More,  Rob.  Lokton. Peter  Buckcy,  Tho.  Efingwald. Ric.  Ruflel],  John  Pettyclerk. No  fheriffs. Will.  Winkburn,  Godfrey  Savage. Will.  Ormftieved,  Ric.  Spencer. Tho.  Bracebridge,  Ric.  Burton. John  Vaughan,  Ric.  Snawden. Rob.  Yarum,  John  Lofthoufe. Rob.  Middleton,  John  Bainbrigg. John  Bolton,  Tho.  Davy. John  Lilling,  Joh.  Gafcoign. John  Aldeftonmar,  Tho.  Aton. Will.  Craven,  Tho.  Kirkham. John  Warde,  John  South. Will.  Bedale,  Will.  Gatefhed. Ric.  Louth,  John  Dodyngton. Tho.  Bromflete,  Will.  Girlington, Nich.  Blackburn,  Tho.  del  Carre. Tho.  Gare,  John  Raughton. John  Ratcliff,  Tho.  Catterick. Ric.  Wartyr,  Will.  Bellford. Will.  Bowes,  John  Efingwald, Tho.  Kirk,  Tho.  Rotheram  oh.  Tho.  Rokelby  elect. Nich.  Wyfpyngton,  Nich.  Usflete. Tho.  Rydeley,  Rob.  Ebchefter. John  Thrufk,  Ric.  Bugden. Rich.  Shorewood,  Will.  Burton. Nich.  Blackburn,  Rob.  Gray  ob.  Will.  Stockton  elcFf. Will.  Northby,  John  Croficr. Wiil.  Holbeck,  Will.  Dauby. Tho.  Delgare,  Will.  Aberford. Tho.  Craythorne,  John  Turpin. Hern.  Market,  Tho.  Burton. Tho.  Catterick,  John  Goodall. Will.  Cliffe,  Ric.  Claybroke. Rob.  Collinfon,  Will.  Staines. Tho.  Scaufby,  Ric.  Thornton. Ric.  Lematon,  Tho.  Nelfon. Nich.  Holbeck,  Rob.  Pert. John  Morton,  Tho.  Curtoife. 1451 Chap.  VIII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. A.  D.  A.  Reg.  Lord-mayors. H.  VI. 1451 29 Rich.  Wartyr  2. 1452 3° Tho.  Dauby,  merchant. 1453 3i John  Catterick. 1454 32 Tho.  Nelfon  1.  merchant. 1455 33 Rich.  Lematon. I456 34 John  Carre. 1457 35 Rob.  Collinfon,  merchant. 1458 36 Will.  Holbeck  1. 1459 37 Nich.  Holgate. 1460 38 Tho  Beverley,  i.mer. of  the  jlaple Ed.  IV. I46l I John  Stockton. I462 2 John  Thrufke. 1463 3 Tho.  Scawffiy. 1464 4 John  Gilliot,  knight  of  the  Bath. 1465 5 Tho.  Nelfon  2. I466 6 John  Kent,  merchant. 1467 7 John  Marffiall  1.  merchant. I468 8 Will.  Snawfdell. 1469 9 Rich.  Yorke,  knt.  r.  merchant of  the  Jlaple. 1470 10 Will.  Holbeck  2. 1471 1 1 Tho.  Beverley  2. 1472 12 Will.  Holbeck  3. 1473 ]3 Chrift.  Marffiall. 1474 14 Sir  John  Gylliot,  knt.  2. 1475 i5 Will.  Lamb. 1476 16 Tho.  Wrangwiffi  1. *477 1 7 John  Tonge. 1478 18 John  Ferriby  I.  merchant. >479 I48O 19 William  Welles. 20 John  Marffiall  2. J48l 21 Rob.  Amyas. I482 •22 Rich.  Yorke,  knt.  1.  mayor  of the  Jlaple. Ric. II. H83 1 John  Newton,  dyer. I4S4 2 Tho.  Wrangwiffi,  2.  merchant. Hen.VII. 1485 1 Nich.  Lancafter  1.  LL.  D. i486 2 Will.  Chimney,  draper. 14S7 3 Will.  Todd,  knt.  merchant. I488 4 Rob.  Hancock,  grocer. 1489 5 John  Harper,  merchant. 1490 6 John  Gilliot  1.  merchant. 1491 7 John  Ferriby  ob.  in  off.  Will. White  elebt. 1492 8 Tho.  Scotton,  merchant. 1493 9 Nich.  Lancafter,  2.  LL.  D.  mer. 1494 10 Michael  White  1.  dyer. 1495 1 1 George  Kirk  1.  merchant. 1496 12 Rob.  Johnlon,  grocer. 1497 13 Tho.  Gray goldfnith. 1498 14 John  Metcalf,  merchant. 1499 1 5 John  Elwald,  merchant. 1 5°° 1 6 William  Nelfon,  merchant. i5°i l7 John  Stockdale,  merchant. 1502 18 Rich.  Thornton,  grocer. 1503 19 Sir  John  Gilliot  2.  merchant. 1504 20 Tho.  Jamefon,  merchant. 1505 21 Michael  White  2. 1 506 22 Allan  Staveley  1.  merchant. 1507 23 John  Birkhead,  merchant. 1508 24 Sir  John  Petty,  knt.  glafier ,  ob. in  officio. Sheriffs. Tho.  Beverley,  William  Barlow . John  Strenfal,  Tho.  Dangel. John  Gylliot,  John  Boure. John  Glafyn,  Will.  Wright. Will.  Bracebrigg,  Will.  Sherewood John  Ince,  Will.  Cleveland. Tho.  Helmfley,  Will.  Sheffield. Tho.  Bromflete,  John  Marffial. John  Copeland,  Will.  Bradley. Chrift.  Booth,  John  Marffial  1. John  Kent,  Rich.  Claybrook. Will.  Skynner,  Chrift.  Marffial.' Will.  Thorp,  John  Semper. Will.  Croffiy,  John  Coates. John  Brearton.  Will.  Snawfdale. Rich.  Yorke,  Tho.  Catoure. Tho.  Strangeways,  John  Towthorpe. Will.  Welles,  John  Leathley. Will.  Lambe,  John  Tonge. Rob.  Amias,  Tho.  Glafyn. John  Lightlampe,  Tho.  Allen. Hen.  Stockton,  Rob.  Harwood. John  Ferriby,  Will.  Knowles. Hen.  Williamfon,  Tho.Marriot. John  Newton,  Will.  Chimney. Allen  Wilberfofs,  Tho.  Stockton. Will.  Todde,  Nich.  Pierfon. Rob.  Hancock,  Will.  Spencer. Rob.  Gill,  Will.  Tayte. John  Hagge,  Mich.  White. John  Harper,  Will.  White. Tho.  Peirfon,  Miles  Greenbanke. Rich.  Hardfong,  Will.  Barker. John  Gilliot,  Tho.  Finch. John  Beverley,  Roger  Appleby. John  Beafley,  John  Shaw. George  Kirke,  Rob.Johnfon. Tho.  Falneby,  Tho.  Gray. Will.  Barker,  Alex.  Dawfon. John  Elwood,  John  Norman. John  Stockdale,  John  Hutton. Peter  Cooke,  Edward  Forfter. Tho.  Darby,  John  Cuftance. John  Metcalf,  John  Petty. Will.  Nelfon,  Rich.  Thornton. Miles  Arwayn,  Bertram  Dawfon. Tho.  Jamefon,  John  Dodfon. John  Birkhead,  Rich.  Winder. Allan  Stavely,  Rob.  Petty. George  Effiex.  Tho.  Bankhoufe, Will.  Skipton,  Tho.  Freeman. John  Lincolne,  Tho.  Parker. John  Ellis,  Tho.  Braikes. John  Hall,  Oliver  Middleton,  ob.  Rob. Simpfon  elett. Will.  Willfon,  Thomas Drawfword. Roger  Sawyer,  Rich.  Tew. John  Beiffiy,  Will.  Huby. John  Thornton,  John  Bateman. Book  I. J^4 A.D.  A.  Reg. H.VIII. 1509  1  George  Effex,  apothecary. 1510  2  JohnShawei.  merchant. 151,  3  Bertram  Dawfon,  merchant. 1  e;  1 2  4  George  Kirk  2. '5'3  5  Will-  Willfon,  goldfmith. 1514  6  John  Thornton,  merchant. 1513  7  Tho.  Drawfword  1. 1516  S  John  Hall,  tanner. 1517  9  John  Dodgfon. 1518  10  Will.  Wright  1. 1519  ji  Allan  Stavely  2. 1520  12  Tho.  Parker. 1521  13  Tho.  Bankhoufe  oh  in  offi.  draper Simon  Vickars  eletl. 1522  14  Paul  Gillour  ob.  in  offi.  merchant, Tho.  Burton  eleti. 1523  15  Tho.  Drawfwdrde  2. 1524  16  John  Norman. 1525  17  Will.  Barker  1. 1526  18  Peter  Jackfon. 1527  19  Rob.  Wylde,  merchant. 1528  20  Tho.  Mafon. 1529  21  Rob.  Whitfield. 1530  22  George  Lawfon,  knt. 1531  23  Henry  Dawfon. 1532  24  Will.  Barker  2. 1533  25  John  Hodgfon. 1534  26  George  Gaile,  goldfmith. 1535  27  Will.  Wright  2. 1536  28  Will.  Harrington. 1537  29  Ralph  Pullein,  goldfmith. 1338  30  John  Shawe  2.  ob.  in  officio , John  North  elect. 1539  31  Rob.  Elwald,  merchant. 1540  32  Will.  Dodgfon,  merchant. >54!  33  R°k-  Hall,  merchant. 1542  34  John  Shadlock. 1543  35  Rob-  Heckleton,  fijhmonger. 1544  36  Peter  Robinfon,  merchant. •545  37  J°l>n  Beane  >•  inholder. 1546  38  Will.  Holmes. Ed.  VI. 1547  1  Will.  Watfon,  merchant. 1548  2  Rob.  Peacock  1.  merchant. •549  3  George  Gaile  2. 1550  4  John  Lewis,  draper. 1551  5  Tho.  Appleyard. 1552  6  Rich.  White,  draper. P.etM. 1343  1  Will.  Coupland. 1544  2  John  North  2. •  555  3  Wi"-  Beckwith  •-  merchant. 1556  4  Rich.  Gouldthorpe. 1557  5  Rob.  Hall  2. Eliz. 1558  1  Ralph  Hall,  merchant. 1559  2  Tho.  Standeven. 1560  3  James  Harrington. 1561  4  Parcival  Crawforth. 1562  5  Tho.  Lawfon. •563  6  Tho.  APPle7ard  2' 1564  7  Jacob  Simpfon,  tanner. 1464  8  John  Beane  2. 1566  9  Will.  Watfon  2. John  Langton,  John  Greggs. Will.  Garnet,  John  White. Will.  Wright,  Will.  Cary. John  Chapman,  Chrift.  Horner. Simon  Viccars,  Rich.  North. Paul  Gillour,  John  Norman. John  Rafin,  John  Geldart. John  Wetherell,  Will.  Barker. Tho.  Dawfon,  John  Gillbank. Tho.  Burton,  Tho.  Mafon. Rob.  Whitfield,  Henry  Holme. Peter  Jackfon,  Rob.  Wilde. Rob.  Fowes,  Tho.  Gregge. John  Marfhall,  Tho.  Bayley. James  Blaides,  Rich.  Hutchenfon. Hen.  Dawfon,  John  Rogers. Hugh  Hawley,  Rob.  Cornot. Ralph  Pullein,  John  Smith,  John  Lifter. John  Hodgfon,  John  Richardlon. John  Shaw,  John  Collier. John  North,  Rich.  Simpfon. George  Gaile,  Hen.  Bielby. Will.  Harrington,  Laur.  Moullome. Rob.  Elwald,  Will.  Dodlhon. Rob.  Hall,  John  Plowman. John  Shadlock,  Rob.  Cooke. Rob.  Heckleton,  Will.  Holnae. John  Edwyn,  Will.  Swann. John  Lewis,  Peter  Liddal. Peter  Robinfon,  John  Beane. Tho.  Thornton,  Rich.  Tomlinfon. Rob.  Peacock,  Ric.  Savage. Will.  Watfon,  Will.  Harper. Tho.  Appleyard,  John  Dobfon. Will.  Beckwith,  Will.  Coupland. Rich.  White,  Mich.  Binkes. Ralph  EUvick  ob.  in  officio,  Martin  Soza, Rich.  Foxgill. Rob.  Broddys,  Peter  Elhe. Tho.  Standeven,  James  Simpfon. Will.  Batchelor,  Tho.  Goodyear. James  Harrington,  George  Hutchenfon. Percival  Crawforth,  Edmund  Greenbury. Rich.  Goldthorp,  John  Shillitoe. Tho.  Lawfon,  Tho.  Willfon. Ralph  Hall,  Will.  Hargill, Rob.  Cripling,  Will.  Grifdale. Rich.  Breary,  Rob.  Hogge. Adam  Binkes,  Rich.  Drew. Chrift.  Hall,  Chrift.  Liddal. John  Hall,  Will.Brogden. Hugh  Greaves,  Tho.  Harper. Rich.Calome,  Edward  Willcocks. Martin  Straker,  John  Robinfon. Will.  Harrifon,  Tho.  Harrifon  ob.  Leon. Temple  elect. Rob.  Mafkew,  John  Weddel. Tho.  Middleton,  Will.  Thompfon. Edmund  Richardfon,  John  Smith. Gregory  Peacock,  Rich.  Allen. 1567 'the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES Lord-mayors. Sheriffs. Chap. VII. ■d.D.  A.  Reg. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. *567 1568 1569 157° *57* *572 >573 1574 1 575 •576 *577 i578 >579 1580 I58l I5S2 >583 >584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 >59° 1591 *592 *593 *594 *595 1596 *597 1598 Eliz. .  Lord-mayors. Rob.  Peacock,  merchant. Will.  Coupland. Will.  Beckwith  2. Rich.  Calom,  draper. Gregory  Peacock,  merchant. Will.  Allen,  mercer. Chrifl:.  Herbert,  merchant. Rob.  Mafkewe,  grocer. Tho.Harrifon  1.  inn-holder , Ed.  Richardfon  oh.  in  ojfi.  pewt. Ralph.  Hall,  merchant,  eleft. John  Dynely,  draper. Hugh  Graves,  merchant. Rob.  Cripling. Rob.  Afkwith  1.  draper. Will.  Robinfon  1.  merchant. Rob.  Brooke  1.  merchant. Chrift.  Maltby,  draper. Thomas  Appleyard. Andrew  Trene,  merchant. Henry  Maye,  innholder. Ralph  Richardfon,  merchant. James  Birkby,  council  attorney. Tho.  Jackfon,  council  attorney. Tho.  Mofeley  1.  merchant. Rob.  Watter  1.  habcrdajher. Tho.  Harrifon  2. Rob.  Afkwith  2. Will.  Robinfon  2. Robert  Brooke  2. Jacob  Birkby. Chrift.  Beckwith. Edward  Faucett,  not.  pub. 1599 42 Chrift.  Concett  1.  apothecary . 1600 '  43 Hen.  Hall,  merchant . 1601 44 Rob.  Peacock. 1602 45 Tho.  Mofeley  2. Jac. I. 1603 1 Sir  Rob.  Watter,  knt.  2. 5604 2 Tho.  Herbert,  merchant. 1605 3 Will.  Greenbury,  draper. 1606 4 Rob.  Afkwith  1.  draper. 1607 5 Rob.  Harrifon,  merchant. 1608 6 Rob.  Miers  1.  mercer. 1609 7 Chrift.  Concett  2.  apothecary. 1610 8 Hen.  Hall,  2. 161 1 9 Will.  Breary  1.  merchant. 1612 10 John  Harrifon,  merchant. 1613 1 1 Tho.  Marfhall,  mercer. 1614 12 Leonard  Befton  1 .  fadler. 1615 J3 Elias  Micklewait,  merchant. 1616 H Will.  Greenbury  2. 1617 15 Sir  Rob.  Afkwith,  knt.  2. 1618 16 Tho.  Agar,  tanner. 1619 *7 Will.  Robinfon,  merchant. 1620 18 Will.  Watter,  fadler. 1621 19 Chrift.  Dickenfon,  merchant. 1622 20 Rob.  Myers  2. 1623 21 Will.  Breary  2. 1624 21 Mathew  Topham,  merchant. Car. I. 1625 1 Tho.  Lawne. 1626 2 Leon.  Befton  2. 1627 3 Elias  Micldethwaitc  2. 1628 4 Robert  Belt,  merchant. 1629 5 Chriftopher  Croft  1,  mercer. Sheriffs. Chrift.  Herbert,  John  Dinely. Will.  Robinfon,  And.  Treve. Peter  Hudlefs,  John  Wilkinfon. Hen.  Maye,  Tho.  Middleton. Jacob  Birkby,  Edward  Turner. Ralph  Micklethwait,  Rob.  Afkwith. John  Stephenfon,  Tho.  Temple. Rob.  Brook,  Tho.  Jackfon. Tho.  Appleyard,  Chrift.  Moltby. Edmund  Sands,  Walter  Mudd, Ralph  Richardfon,  George  Faucett Laur.  Robinfon,  Edward  Vavafour. Fran.  Mapples,  Edward  Faucett. Rob.  Maude,  Leon.  Belt. Chrift.  Beckwith,  Rich.  Morton. Chrift.  Concett,  JohnStandeven. Percival  Brooke,  Tho.  Mofeley. Fran.  Baine,  Rob.  Watter. Rowland  Faucett,  Will.  Gibfon. Rob.  Peacock,  Henry  Hall. Leon.  Beckwith,  John  Weddel. Will.  Peacock,  James  Mudd. Marm.  Sotheby,  Will.  Allen. Will.  Calome,  John  Yewdale. Tho.  Herbert,  Chrift.  Turner. Rob.  Dawfon,  Tho.  Afkwith.; Will.  Wood,  John  Harrifon. Rob.  Myers,  Will,  Greenbury,. George  Watfon,  George  Elwykc. George  Watkinfon,  George  Hall. George  Roffe,  Percival  Levett. Laur.  Wade,  Will.  Breary. Rob.  Afkwith,  Tho.  Willfon. Laur.  Edwards,  John  Busfield. Rob.  Harrifon,  Henry  Thompfon. John  Robinfon,  George  Bucke. Mich.  Hartford,  Rich.  Binkes. Will.  Sunley,  Leon.  Befton. Elias  Micklethwaite,  George  Aiflaby. John  Wadfworth,  Will.  Maikew. Will.  Robinfon,  Tho.  Marfhall. Chrift.  Dickenfon,  John  Standevcni Edward  Crofs,  James  Godfon. Will.  Morton,  George  Watfon. Mich.  Scarr,  Edward  Calvert. Will.  Watter,  Tho.  Agar. Mat.  Topham,  Tho.  Kay. Rob.  Belt,  Fran.  Waide. George  Faucett,  Tho.  Rawden. Fran.  Wharton,  Tho.  Lawne. John  Hutchenfon,  Rob.  Weddall. Chrift.  Croft,  Peter  Middleton. Abraham  Hemmingway,  Chrift.  Waid. Edmund  Cooper,  Rob.  Hemfworth. Tho.  Hoyle,  John  Vaux. Leon.  Weddel,  Will.  Allenfon. Chrift.  Topham,  Rich.  Hertford. James  Hutchenfon,  Leon.  Jackfon. Will.  Scott,  Will.  Todde. Tho.  Hodgfon,  Will.  Wharton. Hen.  Thompfon,  Tho.  Atkinfon. Tho.  Dawfon,  Roger  Jaques. Tho.  Peigher,  John  Miers. 5  A  1630 3<Jj 4 3(5(5 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book I. A.  D.  A.  Re?.  T n  ,  Lord-Mayors. Car.  I. 1630 6 Edmund  Cooper  1.  merchant. 1631 7 Robert  Hemfworth,  draper. 1632 8 Thomas  Hoyle  1.  merchant. 1633 9 Sir  Will.  Allenfon,£tf/.  1. draper. 1634 IO James  Hutchenfon,  merchant. (fi35 11 Thomas  Hodgfon,  mercer. 1636 12 Henry  Thomfon  1.  merchant. 1637 John  Vaulx,  prothonotary. 1638 H Will.  Scott,  merchant. 1639 15 Sir  Roger  Jaques,  knt.  merchant. 164O 16 Sir  Robert  Belt,  knt.  2. 164I l7 Sir  Chriftopher  Croft,  knt.  2. 1642 18 Sir  Edmund  Cooper,  knt.  2. 1643 1 9 Sir  Edmund  Cooper,  knt.  3. 1644 20 Sir  Edmund  Cooper,  knt.  4. Difplaced.  Tho.  Hoyle  put  in. 164S 21 John  Geldart,  merchant. 1646 22 Stephen  Watfon,  grocer. 1647 1 23 Thomas  Dickenfon  1.  merchant. Car. II. 1648 1 Robert  Horner  1 .  merchant. 1649 2 Leonard  Thompfon  1.  merchant. 1650 3 William  Taylor,  merchant. 165I 4 James  Brooke  1.  merchant. 1652 5 William  Metcalf,  draper. i653 6 Henry  Thompfon  2. ifi54 7 John  Geldart  2. 1 6  55 8 Sir  William  Allenfon  2. 1656 9 Stephen  Watfon. 1657 10 Thomas  Dickenfon  2.  knighted by  Oliver. 1658 1 1 Robert  Horner  2. 1659 12 Leonard  Thompfon  2. l660 13 Chriftopher  Topham,  merchant. l66l H James  Brooke  2.  by  the  king's mandate. l662 15 George  Lamplugh,  merchant. 1663 16 Henry  Thompfon,  merchant. 1664 17 Edward  Elwick,  apothecary. I  665 18 Richard  Hewit,  merchant. l666 *19 George  Mancklin,  Jkinner. I  667 20 Creffy  Burnet,  merchant. l668 21 Henry  Tyreman,  draper. 1669 22 Chriftopher  Breary,  merchant. 167O 23 Thomas  Bawtry,  merchant. l67l 24 William  Richardfon,  draper. 1672 25 Sir  Hen. Thompfon,  knt.  merch. 1673 26 Thomas  Williamfon,  merchant. 1674 27 Richard  Metcalfe,  merchant. 1 675 28 William  Ramfden,  merchant. IO76 29 York  Horner,  merchant. i677 30 Francis  Elcock,  grocer. 1678 3i Philip  Herbert,  merchant. 1679 32 Richard  Shawe,  butcher. l680 33 John  Conftable  1.  grocer. l68l 34 John  Carter,  merchant. 1682  35  John  Wood. 1683  36  Edward  Thompfon,  merchant. 1684  37  Robert  Waller,  attorney. Jam.  II. 1685  1  John  Thompfon,  goldfmith. 1 686  2  Leonard  Wilberfofs. 1687  3  Thomas  Mofely,  apothecary. Sheriff! John  Pepper,  John  Bradley. James  Brooke,  Tho.  Hewley. Phil.  Herbert,  John  Geldart. Tho.  Herbert,  Will.  Willfon. Steph.  Watfon,  Geo.  Pullin. John  Mafon,  Tho.  Mafterman. Rob.  Horner,  John  Beake. Will.  Ramfden,  Will.  Fairweather. Chrift.  Breary,  Marm.  Croft. Leon.  Thompfon,  Simon  Coulton. Tho.  Dickenfon,  Paul  Beale. Tho.  Caley,  John  Calvert. Sam.  Breary,  Jonas  Spacy. John  Kilvington,  James  Breary. Will.  Taylor,  Tho.  Naylor. Rob.  Scott,  Tho.  Driffield. John  Peighen,  Edw.  Gray. Chrift.  Topham,  Barth.  Watman. Rich.  Pagett,  Tho.  Mafon. Hen.  Ty reman,  Peter  Man. Crefiy  Burnet,  Geo.  Peacock. Bryan  Dawfon,  Fran.  Eubank. Will.  Siddal,  obiit.  Tho.  White,  eleft.  Ric. Newton. Ralph  Chayter,  George  Mancklin. Chrift.  Hewley,  Will.  Wafie. Rich.  Hewit,  Rich.  Booth. Nich.  Towers,  ob.  Henry  Shaw,  eleft.  Fran. Mawburn. George  Scott,  York  Horner. William  Barwick,  Will.  Richardfon. Will.  Wilkinfon,  Tho.  Reynolds. Will.  Pannet,  John  Peacock,  ob.  William Kitchinman. Fran.  Wheelwright,  Rich.  Shaw. Tho.  Williamfon,  Joh.  Beares. Tim.  Squire,  Geo.  Gleadftone. Phil.  Herbert,  Rich.  Tenant. Edw.  Gaile,  Abraham  Faber. Rich.  Metcalf,  Joh.  Morley. Rich.  Kilvington,  Chrift.  Simpfon. Chrift.  Cooke,  Tho.  Cooke. Will.  Ramfden,  Will.  Bell. And.  Per  rot,  John  Becket. Tho.  Nifbet,  Fra.  Calvert. Tho.  Waynd,  Rob.  Horsfield. John  Pecket,  George  Ramfden. Rob.  Waller,  Fran.  Elwick. Tho.  Carter,  John  Fofter. John  Mowld,  Joh.  Blackburn. Will.  Baron,  Will.  Watfon. Hen.Pawfon,  Rog.  Wilberfols. Tho.  Mofely,  George  Stockton. Tho.  Thorndike,  Geo.  Bracebridga, Will.  Heather,  Will.  Pickering. Will.  Charlton,  Rog.  Shackleton. Francis  Duckworth,  Tho.  Cooke. Joh.  Pemberton,  Tho.  Sutton. Fran.  Taylor,  Leon.  Robinfon. Will.  Appleton,  Tho.  Watfon. John  Bell,  Pet.  Richardfon. Jam. 4 Chap. VIII.  of  the  CITY  »/YORK. A.  D.  A.  Reg-  T  A  , T  Tf  Lord-Mayors. J  AM.  11. 1688 4 f  Thornas  Reyne,  ? 7  Robert  Waller,  f  atlormes- W.  et  M. 1689 1 John  Fofter,  haberdajher . 1690 2 Samuel  Dawfon,  merchant. 1691 3 George  Stockton,  filk-weaver. 1692 4 Joftiua  Earnftiaw,  merchant. 1693 5 Andrew  Perrot,  merchant . 1694 6 Robert  Davy,  hofier. 2695 7 Sir  Gilb.  Metcalf,  lent,  merchant . ‘1696 8 John  Conftable  2. 1697 9 Mark  Gill,  goldfmith . 1698 10 Roger  Shackleton. 1699 1 1 Henry  Thompfon,  efq-. 1700 12 Sir  William  Robinfon,  hart. 1701 13 Tobias  Jenkins,  efq\ 1702 Anne. 1  John  Peckit,  merchant ,  1. 1703 2 Thomas  Dawfon,  merchant . 1704 3 Elias  Pawfon,  merchant . 1 7°5 4 Charles  Redman,  toyman. 1706 5 Emanuel  Juftice,  merchant. 1707 6 Robert  Benfon,  efq\  lord  Bing- 1708 7 ley. Richard  Thompfon,  merchant. 1709 8 William  Pickering. 1710 9 Charles  Perrot,  merchant. 171 1 10 Thomas  Pickering,  attorney. 1712 1 1 William  Cornwall,  brewer. 1713 12 Chrift.  Hutton,  glover. Geo'r.I. 17H 1 William  Redman,  ■pinner. 1 7I5 2 Robert  Fairfax,  efq\ 1716 3 Richard  Townes,  mercer. 1717 4 Henry  Baines,  toyman. 1718 5 Tancred  Robinfon,  efq j 1719 6 John  Reed,  toyman. 1720 7 Tobias  Jenkins,  efq ;  2. 1721 8 Richard  Thompfon  2. 1722 9 Charles  Redman  2. 1723 10 Charles  Perrot  2. 1724 1 1 Thomas  Agar,  woollen- draper. i725 12 Will.  Cornwell  2. 172  6 13 Sam.  Clarke,  haberdajher. Geo. II. 1727 1 Rich.  Baine,  grocer. 1728 2 Peter  Whitton,  grocer. 1729 3 Will.  Dobfon,  apothecary. 1730 4 John  Stainforth,  efq\  receiver  of i73i 5 the  land-tax. Jonas  Thompfon,  attorney. 1732 6 Henry  Baines  2. 1733 7 James  Dodfworth ,  apothecary 1734 8 and  grocer. Will.Whitehead,  attorney  at  law. '735 9 James  Barnard,  mercer. Sheriffs. Matt.  Bayock.  Marm.  Butler. Tho.  Fothergill,  Chrift.  Hutton. John  Thorpe,  Tho.  Barftow, Tho.  Bradley,  Rob.  Clarke. Geo.  Pickering,  Rob.  Fofter. Eman.  Juftice,  Mark  Gill. Peter  Dawfon,  Geo.  Fothergill. Charles  Rhoads,  Walt.  Baines. John  Peckit,  Rob.  Radftone,  obiit.  Fran. Tomlinfon. Ric.  Wood,  Sam.  Buxton. John  Welburn,  Tho.  Agar. Will.  Radley,  John  Smith. John  Thompfon,  Barth.  Geldart. Will.  Redman,  Will.  Cornwall. Tho.  Mafon,  Geo.  Jackfon. JoelSavile,  ob.  Hen.  Baines,  Rowl.  Mofely. Jofeph  Leech,  Ed.  Seller. Mat.  Ingram,  Rob.  Perrot. John  Stainforth,  Percy  Winterfkelf. James  Scourfield,  I.eon.  Thompfon. Tho.  Pickering,  Fran.  Hewett. Tho.  Bradley,  Rob.  Plotham. John  Alderfon,  Drury  Peake. Will.  Lifter,  Will.  Weightman, John  Dixon,  Matt.  Lindley. Matt.  Bigg,  Will.  Jackfon. Will.  Dobfon,  Sam.  Clark. Alex.  Lifter,  John  Williamfon. Tancred  Robinfon,  Rich.  Dentort. Edw.  Jefferfon,  James  Barftow. John  Whitehead,  Eleazer  Lowcock. Sam.  Dawfon,  Hen.  Greenwood. John  Raper,  Rich.  Cordukes. John  Bowes,  John  Owram. Will.  Hotham.  Jonathan  Benfon. George  Barnatt,  William  Cooper. Henry  Pawfon,  Sam.  Smith. Fran.  Newark,  Will.  Hutchinfon. Rich.  Chambers,  Fran.  Buckle. Chrift.  Jackfon,  George  Atkinfon. John  Ambler,  Fran.  Bolton. John  Haughton.  Ifaac  Mansfield. James  Dodfworth,  Will.  Lambert,  mort. Benj.  Barftow,  eledl. John  Suttell,  Jof.  Buckle. Sam.  Waud,  Ed.  Seller. John  Richardfon,  Ed.  Wilfon. Will.  Stephenfon.  George  Efkrick. - -  Scplfield,  John  White. RECORDERS Book  I. 3  <58 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES RECORDERS  of  YORK  (e). I417  5  Hen.  V.  William  Wandesforde. 1427  4  Hen.  VI.  Guy  RowclifF. 1476  16  Ed.  IV.  Sir  Guy  Fairfax,  knight, judge  of  the  king* 5  bench. 1477  17  Ed.  IV.  Miles  Metcalfe,  jujlice  of affize  at  Lancafter. i486  2  Hen. VII.  Sir  John  Vavafour,  knt, judge  of  the  common  pleas. 1489  5  Hen. VII.  Sir  William  Fairfax,  fer- jeant  at  law,  judge  of  the  common  pleas. 1496  iS Hen. VII.  Bryan  Palmes,  ferjeant  at law. 1509  1  Hen. VIII.  Richard  Tancred,  efq-, 1519  loHen.VIII.  Sir  Rich.  Rokeby,  knt. 1523  i4Hen.VIII.  Sir  Will.  Gafcoign,  knt. 1527  1 8  Hen. VIII.  Richard  Page,  eft-. 1533  27  Hen. VIII.  John  Pullein,  efq-, 1 537  31  Hen.VIII.  Will.  Tancred,  efq-, 1573  ifEliz.  Will.  Birnand,  efq-, 1581  23  Eliz.  Sir  Will.  Hildyard,  knt. 1608  6  James.  Sir  Richard  Hutton,  knt. judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas. 1617  11  James.  Bernard  Ellis,  efq-, 1625  1  Char.  I.  Sir  William  Belt,  knt. 1638  13  Char.  I.  Sir  Thomas  Withering- ton,  knt. 1661  13Char.II.  John  Turner,  efq -, 1685  1  Jac.  II.  Rich,  earl  of  Burlington. 1688  3  Jac.  II.  George  Pricket,  efq , 1700  Marmaduke  Pricket,  efq-, 1 7 13  Thomas  Adams,  efq -, 1722  April  ij.  Thomas  Place,  efq-. LORD  PRESIDENTS  of  the  NORTH. (f)  Upon  the  fupprefiion  of  the  leffer  monafteries  in  the  27th  of  Hen.  VIII.  there  arofe  ma¬ ny  inlurreCtions  in  the  northern  parts-,  efpecially  one  under  the  lord  Huffy  in  Lincolnshire,  and that  under  fir  Robert  AJk  in  Yorkjhire.  All  which  rebellions  fell  out  between  the  2  8lh  and 30th  of  Henry  the  eighth.  The  king  intending  alfo  the  fupprefiion  of  the  greater  monafte¬ ries,  which  he  effected  in  the  31“  of  his  reign,  for  the  preventing  of  future  dangers,  and keeping  thofe  northern  counties  in  quiet,  he  raifed  a  prefident  and  council  at  York,  and  gave them  two  feveral  powers  and  authorities,  under  one  great  feal,  of  oyer  and  terminer ,  &V. within  the  counties  of  York,  Durham ,  Northumberland ,  Wejlmoreland ,  &c. The  officers  of  the  court  confifting  of 1.  Lord  prefident. 2.  The  vice  prefident. 3 .  Four  or  more  learned  council. 4.  The  fecretary. 5.  The  king’s  attorney  ^ 6.  Two  examiners. 7.  One  regifter. 8.  Fourteen  attorneys. 9.  One  clerk  of  the  attachments. 10.  Two  clerks  of  the  feal. 1 1 .  One  clerk  of  the  tickets. 12.  One  fergeant  at  arms.] 13.  One  purfuivant. 14.  Ten  collectors  of  fines. 15.  Two  tip-ftaves. A  CATALOGUE  of  the  LORD  PRESIDENTS ,  &c. 28  Hen.  VIII.  1537.  23- Thomas  Howard  duke  of  Norfolk,  lord  pre¬ fident. Sir  Marmaduke  Conftable,  knt.  vice-prefident. Sir  William  Babthorpe,  knt.  councellour. 29  Hen.  VIII.  1538.  Oil.  18. Cuthbert  Tunftall  bifhop  of  Durham,  lord prefident. Learned  council. Sir  Marm.  Conftable,  knt. Sir  Thomas  Tempeft,  knt. Sir  Ralph  Ellerker,  knt. Sir  William  Babthorpe,  knt. Thomas  Fairfax,  ferjeant  at  law, Richard  Bellafis,  efq-, Robert  Bowes,  efq -, Robert  Challoner,  efq-. 30  Hen.  VIII.  Sept.  30.  1539. Robert  Holgate  bifhop  of  Landaff,  afterwards of  York,  lord  prefident. Learned  council. Sir  Marm.  Conftable,  knt. Sir  Thomas  Tempeft,  knt. Sir  Ralph  Ellerker,  knt. Sir  Robert  Bowes,  knt. Sir  Henry  Saville,  knt. Sir  Nich.  Fairfax,  knt. Thomas  Fairfax,  ferjeant  at  law. Rich.  Bellafis,  efq -, Rich.  Norton,  efq-, Rob.  Challoner,  efq-, Tho.  Gargrave,  efq-, Tho.  Rokeby,  LL.D. John  Eafdall,  fecretary. (e)  Sir  T.  IV.  has  given  a  very  imperfeft  lift  of  his predereifors,  beginning  as  this  does:  occafioned  as  he {ays  by  the  ancient  court  books  being  loft  or  miflaid ; for  which  reafon  I  have  not  been  able  much  to  enlarge it. (f)  Ex  MS.  Torre  in  chjl.filii  fui  Nich.  Torre,  arm. 4ED.VI. Chap.  VIII. &9 of  the  CITY  of  YORK. 4  Ed.  VI.  Feb.  24,  1556. Francis  Talbot  earl  of  Salop,  lord  prefident. Learned  council. Sir  Robert  Bowes,  knt. Sir  Tho.  Gargrave,  knt. Sir  Arthur  Nevil,  bit. Sir  Leon.  Beckwith,  knt. Sir  George  Conyers,  bit. Sir  Will.  Vavafour,  knt. Rob.  Mennel,  7  •  ,  ,  , Rob.  Rokeby*  J  firjeatits  at  law. Rich.  Bellafis,  efq-. Rich.  Norton,  efq-, Rob.  Challoner,  efq-. Hen.  Savile,  efq-, Fran.  Forbyfber,  efq-, George  Brown,  efq-, Chrift.  Eaftoft,  efq-, John  Browne,  LL.D. Tho.  Ennys,  fecretary. 3  Eliz.  I.  Feb.  24,  1561. Henry  Manners  earl  of  Rutland  lord  prefident. Learned  council. Sir  N ic h.  Fairfax,  knt. Sir  George  Conyers,  knt. Sir  Will.  Vavafour,  knt. Sir  Henry  Gates,  knt. Rob.  Mennel,  ferjeant  at  law. Anth.  Bellafis,  cl. Henry  Savile,  efq -, George  Brown,  efqi, Fran.  Forbi flier,  efq , Chrift.  Eaftoft,  efq ; Rich.  Corbett,  efq ; John  Brown,  LL.  D. Tho.  Ennys,  fecretary. 6  Eliz.  Junil  2o,  1564. Thomas  Younge,  archbifhop  of  York,  lord prefident. Learned  council. Sir  Nath.  Fairfax,  knt. Sir  Henry  Gates,  knt. Sir  Thomas  Gargrave,  knt. Sir  John  Fofter,  knt. Anthony  Bellafis,  cl. John  Vaughan,  efq-, Henry  Savile,  efq-, George  Brown,  efq -, Chrift.  Eaftoft,  efq-. Rich.  Corbett,  efq-. Will.  Tancred,  efq-, Allen  Bellingham,  efq , Laur.  Meeres,  efq ; John  Rookby,  LL.D. Tho.  Ennys,  fecretary. 15  Eliz.  Dec.  1,  1572. Henry  Haftings  earl  of  Huntington,  lord prefident. Learned  council. Sir  Thomas  Gargrave,  knt. Sir  Henry  Gates,  knt. Sir  Will.  Fairfax,  knt. Sir  George  Bowes,  knt. Sir  Tho.  Fairfax,  knt. Sir  Chrift.  Hildyard,  knit Fran.  Wortley,  efq-, Laur.  Meeres,  efq-, John  Rokeby,  efq-, Br.  Bridges,  efq-. Humph.  Purefoy,  efq-, Laur.  Bramfton,  efq-, Ralph  Huddleftone,  efq-, Ed.  Stanhope,  efq-, George  Gibfon,  LL.D. Will.  Cardinal,  efq-, Charles  Hales,  efq-, John  Rcokeby,  LL.  D. John  Bennet,  LL.  D . Thomas  Ennys,  efq-,  J George  Blyth,  efq-,  / Henry  Cheeke,  efq-,  \  Secretaries. Rad.  Rookby,  efq-,  f John  Fearne,  efq-,  j 41  Eliz.  Dec.  9,  1599. Thomas  Cecil  lord  Burleigh,  lord  prefident. Learned  council. Sir  Will.  Bowes,  knt. <S/>  Rich.  Maleverer,  knt. Sir  Thomas  Fairfax  de  Denton,  jun.  knt. Sir  Tho.  Pofthumus  Hobby,  bit. Sir  Tho.  Rerefby,  knt. Sir  Thomas  Lafcelles,  knt. Sir  Henry  Slingfby,  knt. Sir  Edw.  Stanhope,  knt. Sir  John  Mallory,  knt. Sir  Tho.  Fairfax  de  Gilling,  knt. Sir  Chrift.  Hildyard  de  Winfted,  knt. Sir  Henry  Griffith,  knt. Sir  Henry  Bellafis,  bit. Sir  Rich.  Wortley,  knt. Thomas  Hefketh,  efq-. Rich.  Hutton,  ferjeant  at  law. Charles  Hales,  efq-, Sam.  Bevercote,  efq-, George  Gibfon,  LL.D. John  Bennet,  LL.  D. John  Fearne,  fecretary. 1  Jam.  Sept.  19,  1602. Edmund  lord  Sheffield,  earl  of  Moulgrave, lord  prefident. Learned  council. Sir  John  Savile,  baro  fcac.  knt. Sir  Thomas  Strickland,  knt. Sir  William  Bowes,  knt. Sir  Tho.  Fairfax  de  Denton,  knt. •SVrTho.  Pofthumus  Hobby,  knt. Sir  John  Savile,  knt. &VThom.  Rerefby,  knt. Sir  Tho.  Lafcelles,  knt. Sir  Henry  Slingfby,  knt. Sir  John  Mallory,  knt. Sir  Tho.  Fairfax  de  Gilling,  knt. Sir  Phil.  Conftable,  knt. Sir  Chrift.  Hildyard,  knt. Sir  Henry  Griffith,  knt. Sir  Henry  Bellafis,  knt. Sir  Robert  Swyft,  knt. Sir  Fran.  Boynton,  knt. Sir  Marm.  Grimfton,  knt. Sir  Tho.  Hefketh,  bit.  LL.  D. 5  B Sir 37° The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. Sir  John  Gibfon,  knt.  LL.  D. Sir  John  Bennett,  knt.  LD.  D. Sir  Chrift.  Hales,  knt. Sir  Cuthbert  Pepper,  knt. Rich.  Williamfon,  1  f-nti Rich.  Hutton,  j  J  J Sir  John  Fearne,  knt.  ^ Sir  Will.  Gee,  knt.  >  Secretaries. Sir  Arthur  Ingram,  knt.  J 17  Jam.  Sept.  1619. Emanuel  lord  Scrope,  lord  prcfident. Learned  council. Sir  William  Ellys,  knt. Sir  Geo.  Ellys,  knt. Sir  John  Lowther,  knt. Sir  Rich.  Dyer,  knt. Sir  Arthur  Ingram,  knt. Sir  William  Ingram,  knt.  LL.  D. 5  Char.  I.  1629. Thomas  lord  vif count  Wentworth,  lord  prefi- dent. Sir  Edward  Ofborne,  vice-prefident. Learned  council. Sir  William  Ellys,  knt. Sir  Thomas  Tildefley,  knt. Sir  John  Lowther,  knt. Sir  Rich.  Dyer,  knt. Sir  William  Dalton,  knt. Sir  William  Wentworth,  knt. Edward  Witherington. Edward  Manwaring,  LL.  D. Phineas  Hodlon,  D.D. Sir  Arthur  Ingram,  knt.  7  r Sir  John  Melton,  knt.  j-'c£/‘ iy  Char.  I.  1641. Thomas  vifeount  Savile,  baron  of  Pontefract and  Caftle  bar,  lord  prefident  (g). retaries. PERSONS  famous  in  Hijiory,  or  otherway s  remarkable ,  born  in  the  city  of YORK.’ Constantine  the  creat,  the  firft  chrifiian  emperor.  The  birth  of  this  prince  ha¬ ving  been  largely  treated  on  in  a  former  part  of  this  work,  I  fliall  omit  any  farther difquifition  on  it  here. Cham.  720  Flaccvs  Albinvs,  or  Alcvinvs,  was  born  in  York ,  and  is  fiid  by  Camden  to  be  E- boraci  gloria  frima  fui.  This  man  imbibed  his  firft  rudiments  of  learning  under  venerable Bede-,  which  he  afterwards  compleated  under  Egbert  archbifhop  of  York.  He  was  conftitu- ted  librarian  to  that  noble  prelate ;  but,  travelling  abroad,  his  extraordinary  parts  and learning  were  foon  diftinguilbed,  and,  what  ArifioUe  was  to  Alexander,  our  Alcu'me  was  to Charles  the  firft  emperor.  Who  took  the  name  of  great,  not  from  his  conquefts,  but  for being  mad t  great,  in  all  arts  and  learning,  by  his  tutor’s  mftrudions  (b). (i)  After  the  death  of  Bede,  he  is  faid  by  Bayle  to  have  taught  the  liberal  fciences  at Cambridge,  then  at  York  ;  where,  probably,  Egbert  archbifhop  had  founded  an  univerfily  -, the  wonderful  library  he  placed  there  intimating  no  lefs.  It  is  averred  however,  that  our Alenin  laid  the  firft  foundation  of  the  umverfity  of  Paris  fo  that,  fays  Fuller,  howfoever the  French  brag  to  the  contrary,  and  flight  our  nation,  their  learning  was  lumen  a  lumine.  no- Jlro ,  a  taper  lighted  at  our  torch. If  this  ludicrous  writer’s  afiertion  be  difputed  by  the  French ,  they  will  however  lend  an ear  and  give  credit  to  a  very  ingenious  author  of  their  own,  who  has  treated  this  matter  with great  fpirit  and  integrity  (k).  He  acknowledges,  with  furprife,  that  the  ftate  of  learning in  France  was  at  Alcuin' s  coming  over  from  Britain  in  fuch  a  poor  and  wretched  condition,  that they  were  glad  of  any  foreign  teacher  to  inftru£t  them.  Alenin ,  and  one  Clement  his  coun¬ tryman,  a  Northumbrian  alfo,  went  over  to  Paris ,  and  thefe  two  cried  about  the  ftreets  there learning  to  be  fold.  The  emperor  foon  diftinguilbed  them,  and  joining  to  them  two  others  of great  knowledge,  which  he  had  drawn  from  Italy ,  fet  about  eredling  a  little  kind  of  an  uni- verfity  in  his  palace.  Amongft  all  thefe  our  author  calls  Alenin  the  emperor’s  firft  mafter ; and  in  his  letters  to  the  popes  Adrian  and  Leo  heftyles  him  himfelf  deliciofus  nofler ,  his  dearly beloved  mafter.  Charles  thought  it  no  debafement  to  the  honour  and  grandeur  of  fo  great  a conqueror  to  make  himfelf  familiar  with  learned  men  ■,  and  therefore  as  he  had  called  him¬ felf  David ,  he  gave  the  name  of  Flaccns  to  Alenin ,  to  Engilbert  that  of  Homer ,  to  another Damaetas ,  and  another  he  called  Virgil.  Nor  did  they  want  other  marks  of  his  efteem  as  well as  friendlhip,  for  he  gave  them  the  choiceft  of  ecclefiaftical  preferments ■,  amongft  which the  rich  abby  of  St.  Martin's,  in  Fours  fell  to  Alenin's  fhare. Engilbert ,  or  Eginhard ,  who  wrote  the  life  oi  Charles  the  great,  and  was  contemporary with  Alenin,  ftyles  him  vir  undiquaque  doltijfunus.  The  monk  of  St.  Gall ,  in  omni  latitudine feripturarum  fuper  caeleros  modernorum  temporum  exercitatus.  And  another  old  author  (l) (g)  This  nobleman  was  created  lord  prefident  by  king Charles  I.  After  the  death  of  the  earl  oi'  Strafford.  The original  inftrument  under  the  king’s  hand,  with  his  in- ftruftions.  engrofied  on  four  fkins  of  parchment,  was in  Mr .Thorejbff  s  Mufaeum  at  Leeds. The  bill  for  re-eftablifhing  this  court  at  York,  temp. Car.  II.  may  be  Icen  in  the  appendix. (h)  Fuller's  worthier (i)  Balats  de  Script  B rit.num.  17.  cent.  1. (k)  Archon  de  la  chappie  des  ro-js  de  France  ;  ex  Egin. in  vita  Caroli  magni ,  annal.  Mctens,  et  ex  vita  ejus  per mono  chum  S.  Galli. (l)  Amalarius  Foitunatus  de  ordme  Antiphon,  c.  18. doll  if- Chap. VIII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK; doElifftmits  magifter  totius  regions  nojlrae.  Our  country-man  William ,  the  learned  librarian  of Malm/bury,  gives  him  this  character,  erat  enim  omnium  Anglorum,  quos  quidem  legerim  doCtif- fimus  ;  multifquc libris  ingenii periculum  fecit .  It  is  certain  that  numerous  authors  have  handed this  man  down  as  a  prodigy  of  his  age ;  Angularly  well  /killed  in  all  the  learned  languages and  in  the  liberal  Sciences.  A  great  divine,  a  good  poet  and  an  excellent  orator;  which are  endowments  rarely  concurring  in  one  perfon.  Sir  Y.  IV.  writes,  that  Alenin  gained  much honour  by  his  oppofition  to  the  canons  of  the  Nicene  council,  wherein  the  fupcrftitious  ado¬ ration  of  images  are  enjoined  ;  but  from  whom  he  quotes  I  know  not. The  birth  of  this  great  man,  like  many  others,  has  been  contended  for  by  fevetal  writers. Buchanan ,  the  moll  partial  one  to  his  country  that  ever  did  write,  proves  him  a  Scotch-mart from  his  name.  Albinus  being  with  him  fynonymous  to  Scotus(m).  So  pope  Innocent  was  a Scotchman ,  becaufe  he  calls  himfelf  Albanus  ;  Albania  being  fuppofed  to  be  the  proper  latin name  for  Scotland ;  when  molt  writers  agree  that  this  Innocent  was  born  at  Long  Alba  near Rome. Some  authors  have  brought  him  into  the  world  near  London.  But  (n)  Harpsfield ,  in  hi4 ecclefiaftical  hiftory,  fays,  more  juftly,  that  he  was  a  Northumbrian  ;  Eboraci  nutrilus  et  edu- catus.  Northumberland  was  then  all  the  country  on  the  north  of  Humber.  But  what  o-ive$ the  cleareft  proof  that  he  was  born  at  York ,  and  early  inftrufted  by  the  fathers  of  that  church, are  his  own  words  in  a  letter  to  them  from  France ,  which  I  render  thus :  (o)  You  did  cheriflj with  maternal  affedtion  my  tenderefl  years  of  infancy  ;  and  the  follies  of  my  youth  did  bear  with  pa¬ tience  ;  with  fatherly  correction  you  brought  me  up  to  man's  eft  ate,  and  ftrenglhned  me  with  the  do¬ ctrine  of  facred  writers.  Either  this  fentence  mull  exprefsly  argue  his  being  born  at  York ,  or that  he  was  brought  to  it  in  fwadling  clothes. Alcuin  was  firft  made  abbot  of  St.  Auguftine' s  in  Canterbury ,  and  afterwards  of  St.  Martin's in  the  city  of  Yours  in  France  ;  where  dying,  anno  710,  he  was  buried  in  a  finall  convent appendant  to  his  monaftery. He  wrote  many  pious  and  learned  books,  reckoned  by  Bale  above  thirty  in  number;  one of  which  is  entituled  ad  Anglorum  ecclefiam.  Many  are  the  quotations  from  his  feveral  let¬ ters,  collected  by  Leland  and  publiflied  in  his  colleCtanea.  Some  of  which  will  fall  in  their places  in  the  ecclefiaftical  part  of  this  work.  Thefe  letters  have  been  collefted  and  publiihed in  France ,  along  with  his  other  works,  by  the  care  of  Andrew  Du  Chefne(p).  One  memo¬ rable  piece  of  our  great  man  was  retrieved  in  the  laft  age,  being  an  hiftorical  account  of  the archbifhops  of  York ,  in  latin  verle,  down  to  his  patron  Egbert.  This  is  publifhed,  inter  xv feript.  by  that  moft  induftrious  antiquary  dean  Gale  ;  who  tells  you,  in  his  preface,  that  the manufeript  was  fent  him  by  father  Mabillon.  This  piece  I  have  before  taken  fome  quota¬ tions  from  ;  and  what  the  learned  dean  fays  plainly  hints,  that  York  was  the  place  of  Alcuin'i nativity  are  thefe  lines  in  the  poem, - - -  Patriae  quoniam  mens  dicere  laudes Et  veteres  cunas  proper  at  prof erre  pariunper Euboricae  gratis  praeclarae  verfibus  urbis. I  ftiall  conclude  my  account  of  this  extraordinary  perfon,  with  a  quotation  from  one  of  his letters  directed  to  the  community  of  the  church  of  York ,  declaring  his  difintereftednefs  in  his purfuit  of  religious  affairs,  and  beg  leave  to  give  it  in  his  own  words,  and  leave  it  to  the ecclefiafticks  of  this  or  any  future  ages  to  copy  after  :  Non  enim  auri  avaritia,  teftis  eft conditor  cordis  mei ,  Franciam  veni,  nec  remanft  in  ea,  fed  ecclefiafticae  caufa  necejfttatis ,  et  ad  confir - manaam  catholicae  fidei  rationem,  quae  a  multis,  heu  !  modo  maculari  nititiir,  et  defuper  textam Chrifti  tunic  am,  quam  milites  juxta  Chrifti  crucem  feindere  non  aufi  funt ,  in  varias  rumpere  par¬ tes  praefumunt.  r  r (q)  Waltheof  earl  of  Northumberland ,  fon  to  the  valiant  Siward ,  was  born  in  this  city  •  A foi  he  was  in  the  cradle  when  his  father  died  in  it.  The  life  of  this  brave,  but  unfortunate nobleman  is  fo  interwoven  in  the  annals  of  this  work,  that’tis  needlefs  to  repeat  it  here.  It fuffices  therefore  to  fay  of  him,  that  he  fell  a  facrifice  to  the  conqueror' s  policy,  and  was  the firft  man  of  quality  beheaded  in  England. (r)  Robert  Flour,  fon  of  one  Yook  Flour ,  who  was  twice  mayor  of  York ,  about  the  Iat-  a ter  end  of  the  twelfth  century,  was  born  in  this  city.  This  man,  running  into  the  fantftity of  that  age,  laid  the  foundation  of  a  priory  which  flood  beneath  March-bridge  near  Knarefbo- rough.  It  was  of  the  order  of  fryars  ftyled  de  redemptione  captivorum ,  alias  fanCtae trinitatis  (s ). (m)  Buchan.  I.5.  p.157. (n)  Harpsfield,  p.  177. (0)  Ex  epifi.  Albini  ad  fratres  Ebor.  eccl.  Vos  fragiles infantine  meac  annos  materno  fovifiis  ajfcchi,  et  lafeiviam pueritiae  meae  pin  fufiinuifiis  patientia ;  et  paternae  cafliga- tiouis  difciplinis  ad  perfcciam  viri  educajlis  aetatem,  et  facra- rum  liter  arum  eruditione  roborajlis.  Lclandi  coll.  tom.  I. p.400. (p)  Lcs  lettres  font  imprimees  avec  tons  fes  antres  oeuvres par  le  foin  J’Andre  Du  Chefne,  in  folio,  Parifiis  1617. Matthaei  Wciflf.  Lycaeum  Benedictum,  five  de  Alcuino aliifque  bonarum  artium  ex  online  S.  Benediiti  profejforibus hifloria.  En  douze,  Parifiis,  Leonard,  1661 .  Bibliotheque hifiorique  de  la  France,  &c.  par  Jaques  le  Long,  p.  221  . rutm.  4809. (q)  Polycbron.  Rog.  Hoveden,  &c. (r)  Leland' s  kin. (s)  Eodem  anno,  1238,  claruit  fama  fancli  Roberti The 3’1 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book.1. The  life  of  this  zealot,  called  St.  Robert  of  Knarejbrough,  is  flill  kept  in  his  cell,  but  it  is imperfeft.  In  an  ancient  manufcript  I  met  with  the  following  copy  ot  it,  and  is  as  odd  a legendary  (lory  as  any  can  be  found  in  the  whole  catalogue  of  Romtjh  faints. “  St.  Robert  was  born  in  the  city  of  York ,  his  father’s  name  was  Tocklefe  Floure(t),  and “  his  mother’s  Smimeriu .  Who  being  of  the  belt  rank  of  citizens,  and  following  a  moll  chri- “  ftian  rule  of  good  life,  had  a  fon  whom  they  named  Robert ,  and  brought  him  up  in  all “  vertuous  education  ;  and  as  he  grew  in  years  of  difcretion,  fb  they  trained  him  up  in  learn- “  ing  and  vertuous  exercifes.  This  holy  man  even  from  his  infancy  had  a  continual  recourle “  to  godly  prayer,  never  once  Hooping  to  the  love  of  pleafures,  but  flill  increafmg  in  holi- “  nefs  was  at  length  made  fub- deacon. “  Not  long  after  this  Robert  went  into  the  north  parts  of  the  country,  and  betook  him- “  felf  to  a  certain  houfe  called  the  new  monajlery  of  the  Cijlertian  order,  where  he  had  a  bro  - “  ther  of  that  order  •,  there  he  remained  fome  four  months,  giving  them  a  true  pattern  of “  fobriety  and  good  life,  and  then  he  returned  to  his  father’s  houfe.  After  a  few  days  this “  fervant  of  God  privately  fled  from  his  parents  to  Knarejbrough ,  as  God  had  infpired  him “  to  an  hermit  there*  leading  a  drift  life  amongft  the  rocks,  who  feemed  at  firll  glad  of “  luch  an  afiociate  as  Robert ,  but  afterwards  being  overcome  by  the  temptation  of  our  com- “  mon  enemy  the  devil,  he  returned  again  to  his  wife  and  children,  and  left  Robert  alone, “  who  with  wonderful  abllinence  afflifted  himfelf. “  After  this  Robert  went  to  a  certain  matron,  not  far  from  his  cell  to  afk  an  alms,  who “  gave  him  as  much  ground,  with  the  chapel  of  St.  Hilda ,  as  he  thought  good  to  dig  and “  till.  This  alms  Robert  accepted  of,  and  remained  there  aim  oft  a  year  chafliling  his  flefh “  with  auflere  mortifications,  and  applying  himfelf  wholly  to  the  fervice  of  God.  A  little “  before  he  departed  thence  thieves  broke  into  his  cell  and  took  all  his  provifion  away,  and “  upon  that  he  determined  to  leave  the  place  and  went  to  Spofford ,  where  he  Hayed  for  a “  while  attending  only  to  prayer,  and  other  fervices  of  God  almighty.  The  fame  of  his “  fanftity  and  holy  converfation  caufed  moft  of  the  country  to  come  flocking  to  him  ;  but “  for  avoiding  of  applaule,  the  holy  man,  always  rejefting  vain-glory,  fecretly  departed “  and  changed  his  abode. “  No  fooner  had  the  monks  of  Adley  heard  of  Robert's  retiring  from  Spofford ,  but  they “  were  earnell  with  him  to  come  and  live  amongft  them  ;  which  the  good  man  did,  and “  became  a  poor  brother  of  their  houfe,  and  fubmitted  himfelf  to  their  fpiritual  rules  and “  difeipline.  As  for  his  garment  it  was  only  one,  and  that  of  white  colour,  which  ferved “  rather  to  cover  his  nakednefs  dian  to  keep  him  warm.  His  bread  was  three  parts  barley “  meal,  his  broth  was  made  of  unfavoury  herbs,  or  a  few  beans  ferved  with  a  little  fait; “  fave  once  a  week  he  had  a  little  meal  put  into  it.  His  aufterity  of  life  was  not  fuitable  to “  the  loofer  fort  in  that  monallery,  who  were  emulous  of  his  vertues,  and  impatient  of  re- “  buke,  which  the  man  of  God  perceiving,  he  returned  again  to  the  chapel  of  St.  Hilda , “  where  he  was  joyfully  accepted  of  the  matron.  She  prefently  fet  on  workmen  to  build  a “  place  for  the  laying  in  of  his  corn,  and  for  other  neceflary  ufes. “  This  man  of  God  fpent  whole  nights  in  watching  and  prayer,  and  when  he  flept, “  which  was  more  for  neceflity  than  otherwife,  he  made  the  ground  his  bed.  He  had  four “  fervants,  two  whereof  he  employed  about  tillage,  the  third  he  kept  for  divers  ufes,  and “  the  fourth  he  commonly  retained  about  himfelf,  to  fend  abroad  into  the  country  to  colleft “  the  people’s  alms  for  thofe  poor  brethren  which  he  had  taken  into  his  company. “  One  day  it  chanced  as  St.  Robert  flept  on  the  grafs  being  much  wearied  with  his  conti- “  nual  aufterenefs,  his  mother,  being  lately  dead,  appeared  unto  him  very  fad,  pale  and “  deformed,  telling  him  that  for  ufury  and  divers  other  tranfgreflions  fhe  was  judged  to “  moft  grievous  pains  unlefs  he  relieved  her  by  his  prayers  •,  which  St.  Robert  promiled  to “  perform.  Being  greatly  troubled  for  the  difeomfort  of  his  mother,  he  went  unto  prayer, “  and  not  long  after  his  mother  appeared  to  him  again  with  a  chearful  afpeft,  giving  thanks “  to  her  fon,  and  departed  and  praifed  God  eternally. “  Not  long  after  this  (u)  William  StoutevilK,  lord  of  the  foreft,  pafling  by  his  ceil,  deman- “  ded  of  his  fervants  who  lived  there?  They  anfwered  one  Robert  an  holy  hermit ;  no,  an- “  fwered  Stouteville ,  rather  a  receiver  of  thieves,  and  in  a  diftempered  manner  commanded  his “  followers  to  level  it  with  the  ground;  which  was  done  accordingly.  Then  Robert  remo- “  ved  to  a  place  near  the  town  of  Knarejbrough ,  where  he  had  before  remained  ;  contriving “  no  better  a  dwelling  than  only  a  fmall  receptacle  by  the  chapel  of  St.  Gyles  made  up  with “  the  boughs  of  trees.  The  holy  man  ftill  increafmg  in  vertue  and  goodnefs,  made  the  e- “  nemy  ot  man  moredefirous  of  his  overthrow,  and  thought  once  again  by  his  former  means “  to  difquiet  his  virtuous  endeavours.  Stouteville ,  a  fit  inftrument  forfucha  purpofe,  com- biremitae  a  pud  ItnarcCbuVg  ;  cujus  tutnbx  oleum  mcdici- xale  fenny  abundant cr  cmifjje.  M.  Paris. ( t)  The  tamily  oi  Flours  continued  in  this  city  for fomc  centuries  after  this,  as  appears  by  an  epitaph  in  the minder,  mid.  quire,  mm.  It.  See  alfo  Trinity  church. Mickle- gate. (u)  Anno  1 1 74.  one  Robert  de  Stouteale  was  high- fheriff  of  this  county.  See  catalogue.  St.  Robert' >  cell  is fhH  ihewn  at  Knarejlro' ;  being  a  room  about  three  or four  yards  fquare,  made  out  ot  a  folid  rock,  with  an altar,  cells  for  images,  and  other  decorations  all  out  ot tlie  fame  rock.  The  lire  of  this  priory  was  fold  to  the carl  of  Shrewjbury  amongft  feveral  other  lands,  &c.  there¬ abouts,  the  ^  ot  Ed.  VI.  Rolls  chapel. ing Ghat.  VIII.  of  the  CITY  j/'YORK. “  ing  that  way,  by  the  inftigarion  of  the  devil,  took  notice  of  a  fmoke  that  alcended  from «  Robert's  cell,  and  demanded  who  lived  there?  Anfwer  was  made  by  his  fervants,  Robert “  the  hermit,  is  it  Robert ,  quoth  he,  whofe  houfe  I  overthrew,  and  expelled  my  ioreit? “  Anfwer  was  made,  the  fames  whereat  enraged,  he  fwore,  by  the  eyes  ot  God,  to  raze it  to  the  ground,  and  expel  Robert  the  next  day  from  his  manfion  houfe  forever.  But  in *«  the  night,  in  his  deep,  there  appeared  unto  him  in  a  vijion  three  men,  terrible  and  fear- “  ful  to  behold,  whereof  two  carried  a  burning  engine  of  iron  befet  with  lharp  and  fiery teeth  ;  thesthird  of  a  gyant-like  flature  holding  two  iron  clubs  in  his  hands,  came  furi- oufly  towards  his  bed,  faying,  cruel  prince  and  inftrument  of  the  devil,  rife  quickly  and “  make  choice  of  one  of  thefe  to  defend  thy  felf,  for  the  injuries  thou  intended:  againit  the “  man  of  God,  for  whom  I  am  fent  hither  to  fight  with  thee. “  Hereupon  Stoteville  cried  out,  and  with  remorfe  of  confidence,  cried  to  God  for  mer- tc  cy,  with  proteftations  of  amendment ;  whereat  the  fearful  vifion  vanifiied.  Stoteville “  coming  to  himfelf,  prefently  conftrued  that  this  revelation  was  fent  from  God,  for  the “  violence  done  and  intended  againit  Robert  his  fervant.  Wherefore  the  next  day  he  con- “  ferred  all  the  lands  betwixt  his  cell  and  Gri in bald- cragg-ftone  for  a  perpetual  almSi  And “•  that  the  ground  fiiould  not  lie  untilled,  he  gave  him  two  oxen,  two  horfes,  and  two 6t  kinc.  Not  long  after  Hebert  tq©k  into  his  company  a  Jew,  whom  he  employed  as over- “  feer  of  the  poor  and  diftribut-r  of  their  alms.  One  day  the  Jew,  being  overcome  by “  the  devil,  fled  away  from  the  holy  man,  and  in  his  flight  fell  and  broke  his  J.-g  ;  which “  the  holy  man  underftanding,  by  revelation,  made  hafte  to  him,  and  chiding  him  for “  his  fault,  which  the  Jew  acknowledged  and  defired  pardon,  forthwith  Robert  .Idling “  his  leg,  all  embrued  in  blood,  with  his  holy  hand,  reftored  him  to  his  former  ft.ite,  and “  brought  him  back  to  his  cell. “  Robert's  care  of  the  poor  was  great,  and,  that  he  might  the  better  relieve  their  wants, “  he  defired  his  patron  Stoteville  to  beflow  a  cow  on  him,  which  was  granted;  but  witual “  fuch  a  cow,  fo  wild  and  fierce,  that  none  durft  come  near  her.  The  man  of  God  nu- “  king  hafte  to  the  foreft  found  her,  and,  embracing  her  about  the  neck,  brought  her  home, “  as  meek  as  a  lamb,  to  the  great  admiration  of  the  fpeiftators.  One  of  Stoteville' s  fer- “  vants  told  his  mafter  of  this  thing,  and  withal  faid  he  would  devife  a  way  how  to  get “  the  enw  again  from  Robert.  But  his  mafter  did  not  approve  of  the  motion  ;  neverthe- “  lefs  the  fellow  with  counterfeit  looks  and  geftures,  framing  himfelf  lame  both  of  hands “  and  feet,  encountered  Robert  and  defired  fome  relief  for  his  wife  and  children,  jvho  were tc  miferably  opprefted  with  hunger  and  want ;  unto  whom  Robert  gave  his  cow,  faying “  unto  him,  God  gave  and  God  Jhall  have ,  but  fo  thou  jhalt  be ,  as  thou  makejl  thyfelf  to  be  ; 4C  and  when  this  deceiver  thought  to  depart  with  his  cow,  he  was  not  able  to  ftir  but  was “  lame  indeed.  Perceiving  this  to  be  the  juft  judgment  of  God  for  deluding  his  fervant, ec  he  cried  out  Robert  true  fervant  of  God  pardon  my  trefpafs,  and  the  injury  I  have  done “  unto  you,  which  the  indulgent  and  good  old  father  inftantly  did,  reftoring  him  to  his “  former  ability,  and  returned  unto  his  cell,  where  he  was  received  with  joy. “  A  company  of  deer  from  the  foreft  haunted  his  ground,  and  fpoiled  his  corn,  doing “  him  much  harm,  whereof  he  complained  to  his  patron,  requiring  fome  order  to  be <c  taken  therein.  To  whom  his  patron  thus  replied,  Robert ,  I  give  thee  free  leave  to  imfound “  thefe  deer,  and  to  detain  them  till  thou  art  fatisfied.  Whereupon  the  holy  man  went  into “  the  fields,  and  with  a  little  rod  drove  the  deer  out  of  the  corn  like  lambes,  and  fhut  them “  up  in  his  barn.  Which  done  Robert  went  back  to  his  patron  acquainting  him  therewith, “  defiring  withal  to  loofe  the  faid  deer.  His  patron  anfwered,  that  Robert  had  leave “  freely  to  afe  the  deer  fo  impounded  in  the  plough ,  or  in  any  other  fervice  of  hujbandrv  ;  for “  which  Robert  returned  him  many  thanks,  and  went  back  to  his  cell.  And  taking  the “  deer  out  of  the  barn  he  put  them  under  the  yoke  to  plough,  and  made  them  every  day “  to  plough  his  ground  like  oxen;  which  was  daily  feen  and  admired  by  all. “  King  John  coming  that  way  and  hearing  fuch  renown  of  Robert's  fan&ity,  was  pleafed “  to  vifit  him  at  his  poor  cell ;  and  conferred  upon  that  place  as  much  of  his  waft  wood, “  next  adjoining  as  he  could  convert  to  tillage  with  one  plough  or  team.  This  fervant  of “  God  told  lord  Bryon  that  came  for  his  benediction,  and  to  know  what  good  or  evil  fuc- “  cefs  he  fhould  have  in  a  voyage  he  was  to  take  upon  the  king’s  fervice  ?  that  he  fhould “  effect  his  bufinefs  and  bring  his  occafions  to  a  good  period  ;  but  withal  that  he  fhould “  never  return. £C  Not  long  after  he  foretold  that  prefently  after  his  death  the  monks  of  Fountain’ s  abby “  would  with  force  ftrive  to  take  his  body  with  them.  He  willed  thofe  of  his  houfe  to “  refift,  if  need  were  with  fecular  power  ;  willing  that  his  body  fhould  there  reft,  where “  he  gave  up  his  laft  breath.  Which  was  done  and  effected  accordingly.  The  holy  mag, “  perceiving  himfelf  to  draw  towards  his  end,  commanded  the  blefled  facrament  to  be “  brought  unto  him  ;  preparing  to  die  with  an  holy  and  humble  heart. “  At  which  time  the  monks  of  Fountains ,  hearing  of  his  near  approaching  end,  made <c  hafte  to  come  unto  him,  bringing  their  habit ;  wherein  his  body  was  to  be  veiled  and tc  interred.  To  whom  he  told,  his  own  ordinary  garment  was  enough,  neither  defired  he “  any  other. 5  C “  As 374 the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. “  As  he  lay  at  the  point  of  death,  the  Jew  with  his  fellows  came  weeping  before  him “  and  defired  his  lalt  bleffing,  which  he  willingly  gave  them  ;  and  in  that  exercife  yielded «  up  the  ghod.  His  body  was  with  due  reverence  made  ready  for  the  grave,  and  the  bruit “  being  divulged  abroad,  the  monks  of  Fountains  came  and  gave  him  their  habit,  which “  he  refufed  whilft  he  lived,  endeavouring  to  carry  away  his  body  by  force ;  but  a  com- “  pany  of  armed  men  from  the  caftle  refilled  them,  who  returned  home  fad  for  fo  great “  a  lofs. “  In  conclufion  he  was  buried  in  the  chapel  of  Holy  cr of s  in  a  new  tomb.  There  came “  to  honour  his  obfequies  great  multitudes  of  all  forts  of  people  ;  killing  the  coffin  where- 4t  in  his  body  was  inclofed. John  Romane,  born  at  York,  afterwards  archbilhop,  where  fee  for  him, (x)  John  Waldbv,  was  born  in  this  city,  of  honed  parents,  fays  Fuller ,  and  in  the  ca¬ talogue  of  our  magiftrates,  preceeding,  there  is  one  John  de  Waldby ,  who  was  one  of  the bayliffs  of  it,  anno  1357,  and  was,  probably,  father  to  this  John,  and  his  brother  Robert en filing  (y).  John  was  bred  up  an  Auguftinian ,  and  came  to  be  provincial  of  his  order, and  doftor  of  divinity  in  Oxford.  A  man  of  ready  wit  and  eloquent  tongue,  by  which he  fo  well  pleafed  the  rabbins  at  Fork ,  that,  upon  the  death  of  Alexander  Nevill ,  they  e- lected  him  archbilhop;  but  he  was  never  confirmed.  This  obfervation  is  from  Pitz,  but Goodwin  taking  no  notice  of  it,  the  matter  is  lufpicious.  The  former  writer  makes  him archbifhop  of  Dublin  ;  yet  Bale  who  was  an  Irifh  bilhop,  and  had  the  advantage  of  an exadter  intelligence,  fays  no  fuch  thing  ;  from  whence  we  may  conclude  this  alfo  a  miftake. This  John  is  allowed  by  all  to  have  died  in  the  place  of  his  nativity,  anno  1393.  Bale adds  that  our  pried  was  prefent  at  the  council  of  Stamford ,  wherein  the  dodlrine  of  the JVichliffltes  was  condemned  ;  but  though  he  had  been  violent  againd  them  formerly,  he feemed  not  to  be  well  pleafed  with  the  proceedings  at  that  convention.  The  author  of  the additional  volume  to  the  MonaJHcon  contradicts  this  ;  in  him  may  be  found  a  catalogue  of his  writings  (z). Robert  Waldby,  brother  to  John ,  was  alfo  born  in  Fork ,  and  was  afterwards  arch¬ bilhop  of  this  fee.  Whofe  life  may  be  met  with  amongd  our  prelates. John  Erghom,  a  native  of  this  city,  was,  alfo,  a  fryer  (Eremite  of  the  order  of St.  Augufiine  at  Fork ;  dodtor  and  profeffor  of  divinity  at  Oxford.  He  was  a  great  profi¬ cient  in  the  dudy  of  the  holy  feriptures,  and  a  great  artid  in  expounding  them.  He  fol¬ lowed  the  typical  method  in  his  fermons,  which  crowded  his  church  with  auditors,  and, fays  Fuller,  much  pleafed  their  fancies,  though  it  little  curbed  their  corruptions.  Having with  incredible  indudry  perufed  all  the  Greek  and  Latin  interpreters,  in  that  figurative way,  made  choice  collections  from  them,  and  added  much  of  his  own,  of  the  whole  he compofed  a  vad  work  under  this  title.  Compilations  of  prophecies -,  which  he  dedicated  to  the earl  of  Hereford.  His  other  works  were  fermons  on  the  predictions  of  John  de  Bridlington. Of  John  the  canon's  poems.  AJlrological  calculations ,  &c.  Bale  tells  us,  that  in  his  dif- courfes  he  would  fometimes  utter  ftrange  and  unheard  off  things,  (a)  and  no  wonder,  if  his head  was  fo  full  of  prophetical  types  of  feripture.  He  died  and  was  buried  at  Fork  about the  year  1490. (b)  John  Bat, or  Bate,  was  born  at  Fork  ;  a  Carmelite  frier  there,  and  in  procefs  of  time prior  of  the  monadery,  and  dodlor  of  divinity  at  Oxford.  His  works,  which  Leland  and others  mention,  are  thefe.  Encomium  of  divinity ;  for  the  introduction  of  the  fentences.  Ordi¬ nary  ads.  Refolutions.  Replications  of  arguments.  Of  the  affumption  of  the  blejfed  virgin. Sermons  throughout  the  year.  Synodal  collations.  Fo  the  Oxford  clergy.  Compendium  of  lo- gick.  On  Porphyrius’j  univerfals.  On  Aridotle’j  predicaments.  On  Porritanus  his  fix  prin¬ ciples.  Queflions  concerning  the  foul.  Of  the  conftruCiion  of  the  parts  of  fpeech,  &c.  He  died and  was  buried  at  Fork  in  1429. Sir  Martin  Bowes  knight,  lord- mayor  of  London,  anno  154.5,  queen  Elizabeth*  s  jew¬ eller,  was  born  in  Fork ,  and  deferves  a  mention  in  this  catalogue,  not  only  for  his  great wealth  and  charity,  but  for  his  particular  munificence  to  his  native  place.  He  was  the  fon  of Fhomas  Bowes,  who,  though  I  do  not  find  mentioned  in  the  lid  of  our  fenators,  yet  his ancedors  were  lord-mayors  of  Fork,  one  as  high  as  the  year  1417.  He  died  Auguft  4, 1565  (0- (at)  Bale  de  feript.  Fuller's  worthies.  [a)  Nova  et  inaudit  a.  Bale  n.  40. (^)  So  Bichard  IValdeby  was  mayor  anno  1365,  an-  {b)  Steven’s  mon.v.  2. other  of  this  family.  (c)  Stowe's  furrey  of  London. (*)  V.  2.  p.  220. Valentine 3J7 Chap.  VIII.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. Vm  en^ne  Frees  and  his  wife  were  both  born  in  this  city,  and  are  both  made  re- mal kable  bTf<«  and  FuUer  for  dying  together  for  religion  at  a  flake  in  it  Th-  latter writer  Uys,  that  it  was  m  the year  t53i,  and,  probably,  by  order  of  that  cruel  archbilhop EdvmrnLee.  He  adds  that  he  cannot  call  to  mind  a  man  and  his  wife  thus  married  to- Hndf  /'"  "L'rtynm  ’’  lnd  15  Pre“y  confident  this  couple  was  the  firft  and  laft  of  that (e)  Edward  Frees;  brother  to  the  aforefaid  Valentine,  was  born  in  York,  fays  Fox and  was  there  an  apprentice  to  a  painter.  He  was  afterwards  a  novice  monk,  but  leaving h.s  convent  he  came  to  Colchejler  in  Effex.  Here  his  heretical  inclinations,  as  then  ac° counted,  difcovered  itfelf  in  fome  pieces  of  fcripture,  which  he  painted  on  the  borders  of cloths.  For  which  he  was  brought  before  John  Stoakfley  bifliop  of  London,  from  whom he  found  fuch  cruel  ufage  fays  Fuller ,  as  is  beyond  belief.  Fox  feems  here,  indeed,  to  have Far  overlhot  himfelf  m  the  account  of  this  man’s  fufferings  ;  for  he  fays  he  was  fed  with manchet  made  of  fawdujl ;  and  kept  To  long  in  pnfon  menacled  by  the  wrifts,  till  the  flefli had  overgrown  his  irons ;  and  not  being  able  to  comb  his  head  became  fo  diftracted  that being  brought  before  the  bifliop,  he  could  %  nothing  but  my  lord  is  a  rood  mar, Fuller,  m  his  ufual  ftyle,  fays  he  confeffes  that  diftraflion  is  not  mentioned  in  the  lift ot  Ioffes,  reckoned  up  by  our  faviour,  he  that  left  his  boufe,  or  brethren,  or  fillers,  cr  father or  mother,  or  vnfe,  or  children,  or  lands,  for  my  fake.  See.  But  feeing,  adds  lie,  that  a mans  wit  is  dearer  to  him  then  his  wealth,  and  what  is  fo  loft  may  be  laid  to  be  left  - fe°verdy  puniS|he°dr  man'3  dlftra6bon  may  be  faid  to  be  accepted  of  God;  and  his  enemies’ Georoe  Tankerfeild,  born  at  Fork,  is  put  down  by  fir  T.  TV.  as  another  martyr. That  writer  fays  he  was  a  cook  in  London,  and  was  by  bifliop  Bonner,  antichrift’s great  cook, roafted  and  burned  to  death  He  adds  that  this  man  was  of  fuch  note  for  anfwenng  Bon- readily  and  punctually  that  the  bifliop  called  him  Mr.  Speaker.  As  he  did  one  Smith  ex- lorfwearinflf)™  tlmf  Mr’  Comptroller  i  becaufe,  fays  my  authority,  he  rebuked  Bonner Thom  as  Moreton,  was  born  anno  1564,  in  the  city  of  York  (g).  His  father  Richard Moreton,  allied  fays Fuller  to  cardinal  Moreton  archbilhop  of  Canterbury,  was  a  mercer  in that  city,  and  lived  in  the  Pavement.  From  fchool  he  was  fent  to  St.  John’s  college  Cam¬ bridge,  of  which  college  he  was  chofen  fellow,  out  of  eight  competitors,  purely® by  Hi merit.  He  was  afterward  rector  of  Long-Marjlon  near  York  ;  then  dean  of  Gloce/er,  \vin- chejler,  bifhop  of  Chefter,  Litchfield  and  Coventry,  and  laftiy  bilhop  of  Durham  1  The  life of  this  eminent  prelate  is  written  at  large  by  Dr.  John  Barwick  dean  of  Durham;  the  com pafs  of  my  defign  will  allow  but  few  hints  of  it.  He  was  a  perfon  of  great  learning  and knowledge  and  the  beft  d.fputant  of  his  time.  Fuller  relates,  that  commencing  dolor  of divinity,  he  made  his  pofition  on  h,s  fecund  queftion,  which,  though  unufual,  wasarbhra ry  and  m  his  own  power;  this,  adds  he,  much  defeated  the  expectation  ol  Dr.  Plavfere- who  replied  upon  him  with  fome  warmth  commovijti  mihi jlomaehnm ;  to  whom  Moretomf- tnrntd  grander  t,b, reverende profejfor.  de  bom  tuo  ftomacbo ;  coembis  apud  me  hue  node When  he  was  reclor  of  Marfton  the  plague  was  rife  in  York ;  and  a  number  of  infected perfons  were  font  out  of  the  city  to  Hob-moor,  where  tents  were  erected  for  them  Our  pious a  onSJmarnhV|  ’  ‘v*®  obJefts  every  ^  ’  and  brought  what  provifions  he  cFould along  with  him  Yet  for  the  fecurity  of  his  own  family,  he  had  a  door  ttruck  through the  wall  to  his  lodging  that  he  might  come  in  and  out  without  feeing  them  (h)  A  piete of  chrtjhan  charity  and  fortitude  rarely  imitated.  P He  paid  great  regard  to  his  native  place,  and  did  intend,  as  he  exDreffed  himfelf  in letter  to  fir  T.  W.  when  he  was  feme  body  to  do  great  matter’s  for  it  f  ;.P  In  the  ^ar  t6„ hepurpoled  to  have  erected  a  crofs,  or  cover  tor  market-people  in  bad  weather,  in  th  Pave’ mcnf  and  intended  to  lay  out  tour  hundred  pound  to  that  end.  But  this  hi  -mod  ddfon was  fruftrated  by  the  obftinacy  of  a  perfon,  who  owned  the  houfe  which  Was  to  be  pnE down  and  would  not  difpofe  of  it.  He  was  zealous  for  the  honour  of  our  city  and  de- fended  that  affertion  that  Conjlantme  the  great  was  born  in  it,  againft  a  bifliop  who  arcnied he  old  m*ntain\  but  m  He  was  fo  fore  of  the  affirmative thai co^ftanfmemoHd  ofaith(A,;te  ‘°  "  '  ^  °f  ^  ”  the  ^  aa  a But  whatever  good  intentions  he  had  towards  the  city,  they  were  all  fruftrated  bv  the wickednefs  of  the  times ;  tor  falling  under  the  difpleafure  of  the  houfe  of  commons  in  that horrid  long  parliament,  he  was  fequeftered  of  all ;  but  by  an  efpecial  favour  a  pe’nlion^f (J)  Fox’s  martyrs,  p.  1017.  F ulltr's  worthies. (e)  Iulem. if)  £x  MS.  D.  T.W. (j)  Anno  1  £8 1.  Richard  Moreton  fr.eriff  of  York, [h)  £  vita  ejus  per  Barwick. (0  Ex  MS.  D.  T.  w. (k)  Some  fay  rhat  the  old  image,  fhewn  for  the  em¬ peror  Severm  in  the  minfter  was  given  to  the  church by  bifliop  Moreton  as  the  flatue  of  Conjlantine  the  great. eight 6 Hoe  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. eight  hundred  pound  per  annum  was  fettled  on  him  •,  which,  lays  Fuller ,  was  a  trumpet’ however,  that  gave  an  uncertain  found,  nocafiigning  by  whom  or  whence  the  money  lhould be  paid.  ’  The  crimes  that  were  alledged  againft  him  were  his  fubfcribing  the  bilhops  pro- teftation  for  their  votes  in  parliament,  refufing  to  refign  the  feal  of  his  bilhoprick,  and  his baptizing  a  daughter  of  John  earl  of  Rutland  with  the  fign  of  the  crofs  •,  an  unpardonable ©fence  in  thofe  hypocritical  times.  He  got  however  one  thoufand  pound  out  of  Goldfmiths - hall ,  which  was  his  chief  lupport  in  his  old  age  (/). Many  of  the  nobility  honoured  and  refpetted  him,  particularly  John  earl  of  Rutland  •, to  whole  kinfman  Roger  carl  of  Rutland  he  had  formerly  been  chaplain.  Sir  George  Savile civilly  paid  him  his  purchaled  annuity  of  two  hundred  pound,  with  all  advantages.  And fir  Henrv  Yelverton  was,  alfo,  exceeding  kind  to  him.  It  was  at  this  laft  named  gentleman’s houfe,  at  Eajl-mauduit  in  Nortbamtonjhire ,  that  our  worthy  prelate  departed  this  life,  anno 1 659,  in  the  ninety  fifth  year  of  his  age.  It  was  fomewhat  unfortunate  that  he  lhould  live to  the  brink  of  the  happy  reftoration  and  not  fee  it.  His  peculiar  merits  mull  have  ren¬ dered  him  a  fit  objefl:  of  the  king’s  gratitude,  though  his  excream  old  age  would  incapa¬ citate  him  from  enjoying  the  bounties,  which  would  necefiarily  have  been  conferred  up- on  him. Sir  T.  W.  and  Dr.  Fuller  were  both  his  contemporaries  and  acquaintance,  the  former  had finifhed  his  work  before  the  bifhop  died,  but  gives  this  teftimony  of  his  worth  ;  which-from a  man,  very  different  in  principles,  is  the  more  remarkable.  lC  I  am  the  more  fparing, <c  fays  fir  T.  in  giving  thofe  praifes  which  are  juftly  due  to  him,  becaufe  I  underhand  that “  he  is  yet  living,  though  of  the  age  of  ninety  years  and  upwards.  The  people  that **  would  have  commended  Dorcas ,  being  dead,  fhewed  thofe  fine  and  curious  pieces  of “  work  which  lhe  made  when  fhe  was  living.  I  fhall  only  mention  his  learned  works  which “  will  outlive  the  author,  aud  may  fpeak  for  him  now  he  is  living,  as  they  will  undoubted- lC  ly  do  to  future  ages  after  his  death. A  catholick  appeal  for  proteftants.  London  1610. Of  the  inftitution  of  the  bleffed  facrament  of  the  body  and  blood  ot  Chritt.  London 1631. Caufa  regia  five  de  aulhoritate  et  dignitate  principum  dijfertatio.  _  Lond.  1 620. Totius  doRrinalis  controverfiae  de  eucbarijlica  decifw.  Cantabrigiae  1640. Anecdotum  contra  merita.  Cantab.  1637. 7'he  grand  import ure  of  the  new  church  of  Rome.  London  1628. A  preamble  to  an  encounter  with  P.  R .  the  author  of  the  deceitful  treatife  of  mitigation. London  1 60S. The  encounter  againft  Mr.  Parfons  by  a  review  of  his  laft  fpber  reafonmg.  London. Replication  feu  adverfus  confutationem  C.  R. Adverfus  apologiam  cathol.  brevis  ludiatio.  Cant.  1638. Apologia  catholic  a )  lib.  2.  Lond.  1606. Ezekiel's  wheels ,  a  treatife  concerning  divine  providence.  London  1653. «  Thefe  are  fome  of  many  which  he  hath  learnedly  written,  and  I  am  informed,  adds fir  T.  that  in  his  great  age  he  is  yet  writing  (m). (n)  Sir  Robert  Carr  was  born  in  this  city,  fays  Fuller ,  on  this  occafion,  Thomas Carr  his  father,  laird  of  Furnihurfl ,  a  man  of  great  eftate  and  power  in  the  fouth  of  Scot- land ,  was  very  aftive  for  Mary  queen  oi  Scots.  On  this  account  he  was  forced  to  fly  his country  and  came  to  York.  Notwithftanding  this  Thomas  had  been  a  great  inroader  into England ,  yet,  for  fome  reafons  of  ftate,  he  was  permitted  to  live  undifturbed  at  York ; during  which  time  his  fon  Robert  was  born.  This  was  the  reafon  why  the  faid  Robert  re- fufedrn  be  naturalized  by  an  a<ft  of  our  parliament,  becaufe  he  was  born  in  England. Ic  is  faid  that  the  firft  time  he  was  known  to  king  James  was  by  an  accident  of  breaking his  leg  at  a  tilting  in  London.  The  king  took  great  notice  of  one  whofe  father  had  fut- fered  fo  much  on  his  mother’s  account  •,  and  he  being  of  an  amiable  perfonage,  a  great  re¬ commendation  to  that  prince,  was  taken  into  court  ■,  and  in  a  fmall  time  almoft  crowded with  honours.  Being  made  a  baron,  vifeount,  earl  of  Somerfet ,  knight  of  the  garter* warden  of  the  cinque  ports,  &V.  _  . This  great  favourite  is  faid  to  be  a  good  natured  man,  and  when  in  full  power  uled  it with  more  harm  to  himfelf  than  any  other  perfon.  Barring  one  foul  fa<ft,  into  which  he was  feduced  by  his  love  to  a  beautiful,  though  wicked,  lady,  his  conduct  in  the  miniftry ftands  without  a  blot,  and  his  character  runs  clear  to  pofterity.  For  this  fa<ft,  fo  notorioufly known  that  I  need  not  mention  it,  he  was  banifhed  the  court ;  and  lived  and  died  very privately  about  the  year  of  our  lord  1638. (/)  Fuller’ s  worthies. (m)  The  writer  of  this  prelate’s  life  fays  that  he  was fchool-fellow  with  Guy  Faulx,  or  Vaulx ,  the  famous popifh  incendiary,  in  this  city.  Who  is  alfo  faid  to  have been  born  here;  but  I  can  come  to  no  further  me¬ moirs  of  his  life.  John  Vnulx,  probably  of  this  fami¬ ly,  was  lord-mayor  anno  1637. (n)  Fuller's  worthies. John J'  John  Swinburne  of  Capheaton  //f  /aunty  f  Northumberland 73 a  r.  fin  regard e/  die  name, /nm//yfmjjF*\fnd/t*rjen«/ t/ua/fratiaw  f  t/u ofice  eminent  aiu/ian./ireMnti  /date  of  Am  monument  to  (Tim  mod. 1736. >377 Chap.  VIII. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. ft/ John  Lepton  of  York  efquire,  fervantto  king  James,  has  made  himfelf  remarkable for  performing  a  piece  of  exercife  fo  violent  in  its  kind,  as  not  to  be  equalled  before  or fince.  For  a  considerable  wager,  he  undertook  to  ride  fix  days  together  betwixt  York  and London,  being  one  hundred  and  fifty  computed  miles,  and  performed  it  accordingly.  He firll  fet  out  from  Alderfgate  May  20,  1606  ;  and  accomplifhed  his  journey  everyday,  before it  was  dark  •,  to  the  greater  praife,  fays  Fuller ,  of  his  flrength  in  acting,  than  his  difcre- tion  in  undertaking  it.  We  have  had  one  inftance  fince,  of  a  perfon’s  riding  for  his  life, on  one  mare,  from  a  place  near  London ,  where  he  had  committed  a  robbery  about  funrife in  the  morning,  and  reaching  York  that  night  before  funfet.  This  perfon,  whom  king Charles  II.  called  for  his  wonderful  expedition  fwift  Nick ,  was  known  to  the  people  that  he robbed,  and,  probably,  purfued.  He  was  taken  fome  time  after,  and  tried  for  the  faft  ; but  though  the  witneffes  fwore  pofitively  to  the  man,  yet  he  proving  himfelf  at  York ,  upon tne  bowling  green,  within  twelve  hours  of  the  time  they  faid  the  robbery  was  committed, neither  judge  nor  jury  would  believe  them.  I  mention  this,  not  as  a  parallel  cafe  with  the other,  which  was  a  voluntary  aft  of  horfemanfiiip  ;  and  I  give  it  for  the  jockies  of  this or  any  future  age  to  copy  after. (P)  Henry  Swinburne  was  born  in  the  city  of  York ,  and  educated,  in  grammar learning,  in  the  free  fchool  there.  His  lather  Thomas  Swinburne,  then  living  in  York ,  fent this  his  fon  to  Oxford,  at  fixteen  years  of  age,  and  entered  him  a  commoner  at  Hart-hall-, where  he  for  fome  time  followed  his  ftudies.  From  whence  he  tranflated  himfelf  to  Broad- gate-hall ,  now  P embroke-college ,  where  he  took  his  degree  of  batchelor  of  the  civil  law. Before  he  left  the  univerfity  he  married  Helena  daughter  of  Bartholomew  Lant  of  that  city  ; which  ftate  of  life  being  inconfiftent  with  local  fellowfiiips,  he  retired  with  his  wife  to  his native  place  ;  and  for  fome  time  after  he  praftifed  in  the  ecclefiaftical  courts  there  as proflor. Having  taken  a  degree  in  the  univerfity  he  thought  it  more  expedient  to  praftife  in  an higher  ftation,  to  that  end  he  commenced  doflor  of  the  civil  law.  As  his  contemporary  and country-man  Gilpin  was  called  the  apoftle  of  the  north ,  foour  Swinburne  was  ftyled  the  northern advocate  -,  the  one  being  famous  for  his  learning  in  divinity  •,  and  the  other  in  the  civil law.  Having  praftifed  as  an  advocate  for  fome  years,  he  was  advanced  to  be  commiffary  Fe6 of  the  exchequer,  and  judge  of  the  prerogative  courts  of  the  archbifhop  of  York ;  in  which  of¬ fice  he  continued  to  his  death. The  publifher  of  the  laft  edition  of  his  wills  and  teftaments  allows  our  civilian's  education to  be  very  generous,  and  fays  we  have  very  few  or  no  inftances,  fince  his  time,  of  a  prottor's taking  a  degree  of  batchelor  of  law  in  any  univerfity,  and  afterwards  pleading  as  an  advo¬ cate-,  or  of  being  judge  of  the  prerogative  court  in  either  province.  For  all  which  employ¬ ments,  he  adds,  he  was  very  well  qualified. There  is  no  record,  or  memorial,  extant  giving  an  account  what  year  this  commiffary  was born  in  York  nor  when  he  died,  fays  the  aforefaid  editor,  the  epitaph  on  his  monument mentioning  neither.  It  would  feem  fomewhat  derogatory  to  the  credit  of  our  civilian,  who wrote  fo  learnedly  on  wills  and  teftaments,  to  negleft  his  own.  But  Mr.  Torre  has  found  it from  whom  I  take  this  abflraft,  by  which  it  appears  that  he  was  twice  married,  and  his fecond  wife’s  name  was  Wentworth. “  Henry  Swinburn  of  York,  doftor  of  the  civil  law,  made  his  laft  will  dated  May  30, “  1623,  and  proved  June  12,  1624.  whereby  he  commended  his  foul  to  God  almighty  his “  creator,  redeemer  and  comforter,  &c.  and  his  body  to  be  buried  near  his  former  wife, “  and  conftituted  Margaret  his  then  wife  executrix.  And  by  a  codicil  thereunto  annexed, tc  dated  July  1 5,  1623,  he  gave  to  his  fon  Toby  his  dwelling  houfe  in  York,  to  hold  to  him “  and  the  heirs  of  his  body,  with  remainder  to  his  fon’s  uncle  John  Wentworth  and  to  his “  heirs  forever;  paying  yearly  to  the  lord-mayor  of  York  for  the  time  being  the  fum  of “  four  or  five  pound,  to  be  yearly  diftributed  for  ever  amongll  the  poor  of  the  city  of  York “  as  he  direfts. He  hath  written, A  brief  treatife  of  teftaments  and  laf  wills,  in  [even  parts ;  which  has  bore  feveral  impreffions, viz.  anno  1590,  1611,  1635,  1640,  1677,  and  1728. Treatife  of  f pouf als  or  matrimonial  contrasts,  &c.  Lond.  1686. In  both  which  books,  fays  the  Oxford  antiquary ,  the  author  fhews  himfelf  an  able  civi¬ lian,  and  excellently  well  read  in  the  authors  of  his  faculty.  His  monument  in  the  north ifle  of  the  choir  in  the  cathedral  at  York  is  reprefented  in  the  annexed  print. (q)  Sir  Thomas  Herbert  was  the  fon  of  Chriftopher  Herbert,  fon  of  Thomas  Herbert merchant  and  alderman  of  York.  He  was  born  in  this  city,  and,  probably,  there  educated till  he  was  admitted  commoner  of  Jefus  college  Oxon  -,  which  was  in  the  year  1621.  under ( 0 )  Fuller'r  worthies.  Sanderfon'  slife  of  king  James  I. [f)  Wood's  -th.  Oxon.  v.I.  p.455.  Preface  to  the laft  edition  oi  wills  and  teft.  The  publifher  of  this Juft  edition  has  committed  a  blunder  in  faying  that  the Oxford  antiquary  h3$  pul  dowfl  the  firft  edit,  to  be printed  1  j  10,  when  it  is  really  in  Wood  1 590,  as  he himfelf  makes  it. (q)  Wood's  Ath.  Ox:n.  V.  II.  690. 5  D  th= The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. the  tuition  of  Mr.  Jenkin  Lloyd  his  kinfman.  From  hence  he  went  to  wait  upon  William earl  of  Pembroke  j  who,  owning  him  for  his  relation,  and  purpofing  his  advancement,  fent him  to  travel,  in  the  year  1626,  with  a  fufficient  allowance  for  his  charges.  After  fpend- ing  fome  years  in  travelling  through  Africa  and  Afia  the  great,  he  on  his  return,  did  wait on  the  laid  noble  earl,  who  invited  him  to  dine  with  him  the  next  day  at  Baynard's  cajlle in  London.  But  the  earl  dying  fuddenly  that  very  night,  his  expectation  of  preferment  from him  was  fruftrated,  and  he  left  England  a  fecond  time  in  order  to  vifit  feveral  parts  of Europe.  Upon  finifhing  his  travels  he  married,  and  fettled  in  his  native  country  ;  where fays  the  antiquary,  he  delighted  himfelf  more  with  the  converfe  of  the  mufes,  than  in  the rude  and  brutifh  pleafures  which  molt  gentlemen,  now,  follow. In  the  time  of  the  rebellion  he  adhered  to  the  caufe  of  the  parliament ;  and,  by  the pcrfwafions  of  Philip  earl  ol  Pembroke  he  became  not  only  one  of  the  commiflioners  to  treat with  thofeon  the  king’s  fide  for  the  lurrender  of  Oxford  garrilon  •,  but  alfo  one  of  thofe who  refided  in  the  army  under  fir  Thomas  Fairfax.  He  continued  in  this  ftation  till  at the  treaty  at  Holdenby  anno  1646,  he  was  put  upon  the  king  as  one  of  his  menial  fer- vants  amongft  others,  in  the  room  of  feveral  of  his  own  whom  the  king  was  forced  to part  with  to  oblige  the  parliament’s  commiflioners.  Being  thus  fettled  in  that  honourable office,  and  having  a  nearer  view,  as  it  were,  of  his  majefty,  he  foon  difeerned  the  real goodnefs  of  the  king,  difpelled  of  all  thofe  clouds  of  afperfions  his  party  had  endeavoured  to blacken  him  with.  From  this  moment  he  became  a  convert  to  the  royal  caufc,  and  con¬ tinued  with  the  king,  when  all  the  reft  of  the  chamber  were  removed,  till  his  majefty was,  to  the  horror  of  all  the  world,  brought  to  the  block. In  confideration  of  the  faithful  fervice  to  his  father  in  the  two  laft  years  of  his  life,  king Charles  II,  immediately  upon  his  reftoration,  by  letters  patent  bearing  date  July  3,  1660, created  him  a  baronet;  by  the  name  of  fir  Thomas  Herbert  of  Tintern  in  Monmouthjhire. "Where  he  had  an  eftate  the  leat  of  Thomas  Herbert  before  mentioned. He  has  written  a  relation  of  fome  years  travels  into  Africa  and  the  greater  Afia  ;  efpe- cially  the  territories  of  the  Perfian  monarchy,  and  fome  part  of  the  oriental  Indies ,  and ifles  adjacent.  London  1634,  1638,  Ac.  1 677,  which  is  the  fourth  impreffion,  wherein  ma¬ ny  things  are  added  which  were  not  in  the  former.  Folio ,  and  adorned  with  cuts. He  alfo  at  the  propofal  of  John  de  Laet ,  his  familiar  friend,  living  at  Leyden ,  did  tran- flate  fome  books  of  his  India  Occidental is ;  but  certain  bufinefs  interpofing  the  perfecting  of them  was  hindred. He  left  behind  him  at  his  death  an  hiftorical  account  of  the  two  laft  years  of  the  life  of king  Charles  I.  the  martyr ;  which  he  entituled  Threnodia  Carolina ;  written  by  him  anno 1678. Ant.  Wood  is  very  copious  in  the  account  of  this  gentleman’s  life,  to  whom,  for  brevity’s fake,  I  refer  the  reader.  That  author  has  publifhed,  from  feveral  letters  he  had  from  fir Thomas ,  an  account  of  the  laft  days  of  king  Charles  l,  which,  he  fays,  is  the  fubftance  of his  Threnodia ,  and  which  the  author  defired  him  to  make  known  to  the  world  ;  giving  for reafons,  firft,  becaufe  there  were  many  things  in  it  that  have  not  yet  been  divulged ;  fe- condly,  that  he  was  grown  old  and  not  in  a  capacity  to  publifh  it  himfelf;  thirdly,  that  if he  lhould  leave  it  to  his  relations  to  do  it,  they  out  of  ignorance  or  partiality,  might  fpoil it.  The  antiquary  has  done  him  juftice ;  and,  truly,  it  is  fo  moving  a  repre fen tation  of  the: infulrs  and  indignities  put  upon  that  good  king,  fome  time  before  his  death  ;  fo  pathetick an  account  of  his  more  than  human  patience  in  fuffering  thofe  affronts  ;  that,  whoever  can read  it  and  refrain  teaTS,  muft  have  a  heart  almoft  as  hard  as  the  villains  that  fentenced,  or the  executioner  that  deftroyed  him. At  length  this  worthy  perfon  fir  Thomas  Herbert ,  who  was  his  whole  life  a  great  ob- ferver  of  men  and  things,  died  at  his  houfe  in  Fork,  March  1,  1681,  in  the  feventy  fixth year  of  his  age  *,  and  was  buried  in  the  church  of  Sc.  Crux,  or  holy  crofs,  in  Fofs-gate , where  a  monumental  infeription  is  put  over  himkfr). Christopher  Cartwright  was  born  in  Fork.  Sir  T.  IV.  calls  him  his  coetanean  in Cambridge ,  of  whom,  being  living,  he  lays,  he  fhall  only  tell  what  Mr.  Leigh  a  learned gentleman  faith  of  him  in  a  book  lately  printed  ( s).  “  Chrijlopher  Cartwright  a  learnedpious “  divine  ot  Peter-houfe  in  Cambridge ;  not  only  well  fkilled  in  the  learned  languages,  as  He- “  brew,  Greek  and  Latin ,  but  alfo  well  verfed  in  the  Hebrew  rabbins ;  for  which  he  is  ho- “  nourably  mentioned  by  Vorfiius  in  the  laft  edition  of  his  bibliotheca.”  His  annotations on  Genefis  and  Exodus  are  well  liked  by  the  learned  in  general.  Mr.  Pocock  ftiles  him  vir eruditijfimus  ( t ).  The  account  of  this  man  is  taken  wholly  from  fir  T.  W.  for,  as  the  learn¬ ed  world  is  not  yet  made  happy  with  a  hiftory  of  the  Cambridge  writers,  though  it  is  much expefted  from  the  labours  of  that  great  antiquary  Mr.  Baker  of  St.  John's,  I  am  not  able to  give  any  further  intelligence  concerning  Mr.  Cartwright's  life  and  writings. (r)  Sec  his  epitaph  in  that  church.  learned  men,  f.  15c. [sj  Leigh’s  treatife  of  religion  and  of  religious  and  (0  /»  notis  mijfc.  c.  4. Chap.  VIII. of  the  CITY  of  Y ORK. f'OJoHN  Earle  received  his  firft  being  in  the  city  of  Fork  fhvs  /tut  Wood . admitted  probationer  fellow  of  Merton  college  in  Oxford,  anno  1620,  It  nineteen  years  old  • and  proceeded  m  arts  four  years  after.  His  younger  years  were  adorned  with  orafory  noe’ tty,  and  witty  fancies;  and  his  elder  with  quaint  preaching  and  fubtle  difputes  iI’.L, he  was  one  of  the  proftors  of  the  umnerfiiy,  and  about  that  time  chaplain  lo  Philip  ear^of Pembroke  who,  for  his  fervice  and  merits,  beftowed  on  him  the  reftory  of  BiJhopZn m Afterwards  he  was  conff.tuted  chaplain  and  tutor  to  Charles  prince  of  IVatr  Z K  n  n “e  b/?°P  0(Sfhry-  >  ™aKd  doa-  of  £y toS;,  S' the  affrnHy  of  divines  in  the  year  following,  but  refiifed  to  fit  amongft  them  and  theTate to  his  majefty  king  Charles  I  and  fuffeted  in  exile  with  hi? fon  Charts  1U  w'hom  "afe  hi tde  hil  d5STi^dlt!"h  rf  tfet  UPUpon  “*  ™ Wefimiufier  ;  keeping  his  cletklhip  (till,  was  confecrated  biffiop  0 VmZeJ™  afeftheXth JZ  fixiSKS  irm>  the  poet-  — Afterwards  printed  at  the  end  °f  .*** Microcofmography ,  of,  a  piece  of  the  world  charatferifed  in  effays  and  changers  tw  , ,628,  120.  Publifhed  under  the  name  of  Edtoard  Blount.  7  ^arafters,  London , He  alfo  tranfiated  out  of  EngUJh  into  Latin  Wv  Ban*.*,},  which  he  intituled  Imaro  reris Caroll  pnmi  in  aernmms  el  folitudine.  Hag.  Com.  1649.  120.  S  &'S A  innllMion  of  the  Uws  of  ecclejiaflua!  polity,  written  by  Richard  Hooker  in  eight  books I  his  is  in  manufcript  and  not  yet  printed.  ’  B  c  Dooks. Dr.  Earle  being  efteemed  a  witty  man,  fays  (Food,  whilft  he  continued  in  the  univerfitv feveral  copies  of  his  ingenuity  and  poetry  were  greedily  gathered  up,  fome  of  which  he  lnd feen  ;  particularly  the  Lam  poem  ftyled  Hortus  MerlSifis;  the  beginning  of  which  is  “ tn  dehaae  damns  poldae,  £*  He  had  alfo  a  hand,  adds  this  author!  in  feme  of  the  lures oi  which  about  ten  were  publifhed,  but  which  figure  or  figures  claim  him  he  knew  not At  length  this  worthy  bifhop  retiring  to  Omn,  when  the  king,  queen,  and  their  refoe ft.ve  courts  fettled  there  for  a  time,  to  avoid  the  plague  then  raging  in  mdX  tod  Weft Mairuaduxe  Fothercill  was  born  in  the  city  of  York  in  the  year  1602  •  in  the ^nZble  Td  ™CIfnt  ^  Ca  ed  P'f^’Sdnn,  in  the  parilh  of  St.  Dyonis  Walm-gate  ■  his  father" an  able  citizen,  having  acquired  a  very  confiderable  fortune  there  by  trade  The  family  s very  ancient  in  this  county,  and,  if  we  believe  the  traditional  ftoryf  given  in  a  formS  oa of  this  work,  the  name  has  been  no  fttanger  to  the  city  for  fome  agls.  §  But  howfoever  £ ^0  bf,rg,  l’w"\  b.roth,er’.and  Ge°rSe  Fothcrgill ,  were  Iherilff  of  the  city  in  the  lears 688  and  1693  ;  his  father  having  fined  for  that  and  other  offices  fome  years  blfore  7 Marmaduke  the  eldelt  fon,  had  his  firft  rudiments  of  learning  in  York,  which’ he  after wards  perfected  m  Magdalene  college  in  Cambridge.  Before  the  Revolution  he  was  plffeflld of  the  living  of  Sbtpmtb,  in  the  county  of  York,  which  at  that  grand  driterioZhl  quitted as  well  as  h,s  pretenfions  to  the  rettery  of  the  town  of  Lancajer  ;  of  which  he  had  awomife lor  the  next  pi  efentation,  from  the  then  patron  of  it  • _ —  Tolfon  efnmYe  of  c/-^  > forefaid.  After  that  time  he  never  «ookLy«£t^ income  of  his  own  final  I  eftate  with  great  content  and  chearfulnef..  Being  a  great  admired vel  ffiLno„SW  hme"k  1Lefre‘5ue"dy  ^ d  his  mother,  die  univelfity!  aLfTZ n&  on  foot ,  and  when  he  became  of  proper  (landing  there  he  Derformed  all .i  p.  >h,  .r.,1  „a,  f„  d,gL  S,  d„a„,  s  "S„ 1  SK  i k?  sraftro-ssfe  t  -K  SH  h  dt way,  and  had  a  defign  of  publiftung  fomewhat  on  this  head,  as  he  himfelf  has  in- (11J  Athtrt.  On.,  vol,  II.  p.363. HI  h  hit  Itf,  ofelofu.  46, 47.  Lift; of  Mr.Hmkr,  &c. ioimed 379 i 38° The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. formed  me,  but,  I  believe,  his  great  modefty  forbad  it.  By  which  means  the  learned world  is  prevented  from  feeing  as  extraordinary  a  performance  on  that  divine  fubjeft,  as  per¬ haps  ever  was  exhibited  to  publick  view.  The  marginal  notes  which  he  has  left  on  all  his miffals,  rituals,  and  liturgies,  (hewing  plainly  that  he  was  a  mailer  of  it. The  middle  part  of  his  life  he  ufually  fpent  at  one  gentleman’s  houfe  in  the  country  or  at another’s  ;  where  his  learning  and  parts  gained  him  admittance  and  a  welcome  entertain¬ ment  in  their  families -,  but  the  place  of  his  own  home  he  made  for  feveral  years  at  Pontfrete in  this  county.  Here  it  was,  that,  when  he  was  a  good  way  palled  the  meridian  of  life,  he thought  fit  to  take  to  wife  Dorothy  the  daughter  of  Mr.  John  Dickfon ,  an  honed  and  an  emi¬ nent^ praftitioner  of  the  law  in  that  town.  And  being  now  entered  into  a  new  fcene  of life,  his  great  oeconomy  in  it  enabled  him  to  be  a  chearful  alms-givers  for  he  fet  apart  a tenth  of  his  fmall  annual  income  for  charity  ;  and  difpoled  of  it  as  he  received  it  to  the  mod worthy  objects.  But  his  greated  donation  of  that  kind  was  to  the  town  of  Pontfrete ,  where he  refided  forne  years  after  his  marriage,  in  a  quiet  and  fubmiffive  manner  to  the  times,;  un¬ til  he  was  driven  from  thence,  to  feek  a  fanduary  in  fVeJtminfter ,  by  a  furious  perfection raifed  againlt  him,  by  a  hot-headed,  neighbouring  judice  of  the  peace.  Before  this,  hap¬ pened,  he  had  fettled  on  the  town  of  Pontfrete  fifty  pounds  a  year,  arifing  from  a  fine  piece of  ground  contiguous  to  it,  and  clear  of  all  taxes  and  deductions,  for  the  maintenance  of  a catechijl  in  thaUparilli.  This  donation  he  fome  time  after  confirmed,  notwithdanding  the unexpected  births  of  two  children,  which  his  wife  afterwards  bore  him,  might  reafonably hive  prevented  it  •,  and  the  bequed  will  aftually  take  place  on  the  death  of  his  widow. At  lad  this  venerable  old  man,  being  arrived  at  great  maturity  in  years,  died  at  his  houle in  Maffam-Jlreet,  Weflminfter,  Sept.  7,  1731,  and  was  buried  according  to  his  own  dire- ftion  in  a  corner  of  the  church  yard  belonging  to  the  parilh  of  St.  John  the  evmgehjl  in  that city  ’  By  his  lad  will  he  left  a  fine  colleftion  of  books,  as  a  handing  library  to  the  parifh of  , Shipwith  of  which  he  had  been  minider ;  but  the  parilhioners  being  enjoined  to  build  a proper  room  for  them,  at  their  own  cod,  the  bequed  is  not  accepted  of.  Therefore  his widow  is  willing  to  bedow  the  books  on  the  library  of  the  cathedral  of  Pork,  and  a  bill  in chancery  is  preparing,  by  the  dean  and  chapter,  to  reverfe  that  part  of  the  will  for  that  pur- pofe  and  to  have  this  handfome  donation  confirmed  to  them.  The  epitaph  on  his  tomb- llone  being  (Wife,  according  to  his  own  defire,  and  no  ways  anfwerable  to  fo  diffufive  a charafter  as  may  be  obferved  by  the  tranfeript  of  it  below,  I  beg  leave  to  give  the  follow¬ ing  defeription  of  his  perfon,  and  to  fubjoin  a  (hort,  but  handfome  and  real  account  of  his manner  of  living  and  dying  ;  faid  to  be  done  by  a  neighbouring  clergyman  in  kPeJlmnJler, and  publifhed  in  the  news-papers  of  that  time.  In  darure  he  was  of  a  middle  fize,  fome- whu  corpulent  buc  of  fo  robud  a  conditution  that  no  cold  could  atfeft.  Having  ufed himfelf  fo  much  to  harden  it  that  in  the  depth  of  winter  he  has  frequently  jumped  out  of  bed and  rolled  in  the  fnow  without  danger.  His  deportment  was  grave  and  majedick,  his  hair as  white  as  wool,  with  a  clear  fanguine  complexion  and  manlike  features,  had  altogether the  air  and  reverence  of  a  primitive  father.  “  Though  he  had  no  church,  he  read  the  com- mon  prayer  daily  and  condantly  at  home  to  his  own  family  only,  and  his  life  was  a  conti- “  nual  fermon  to  all  who  enjoyed  the  happinefs  of  his  converfation.  His  death  was  fuita- “  ble  to  fuch  a  life  -,  remarkably  eafy,  refigned  and  chearful,  and  fupported  by  a  firm  hope “  of  a  glorious  immortality.”  ,  , .  .  ,  ,  .  .  .  . To  conclude  ;  I  cannot  avoid  taking  notice,  that  this  good  man  s  charities,  patience  and differing,  through  a  courfe  of  fo  many  years,  feems,  by  providence  to  be  particularly  re- warded'm  the  perfon  of  his  only  fon  ;  who  is  now  in  podedion  of  a  fine  edate,  lelc  him  fince his  father’s  death,  by  a  fomewhat  didant  relation,  the  late  nomas  Fothergill,  efq;  of  Pork. The  ARMS  and  EPITAPH  on  his  tomb-done  are  thefe : Impaling,  1.  A  dag’s  head  erafed.  Fotherpll.  2.  A  crofs  charged  with  five  ogreffes between  four  eagles  difplayed.  Dickfon. H.  S.  E. MARMADUCUS  FOTHERGILL, S.  r.  P. Shti  obiit  7  die  Septembris  anno  Dom.  1731.  aetatis  78. CHAP. 1 ^Sutton  le Ferret Dn/utlord. Craltrec F&nWr. Totlerton Wiaouiton. FitUeni  ib ?urn lenmnaAuraA &a  Lit.  O album S/iifrton *•  <4. a  Skelton  hall  t lis  Skelton  [p LLutiSMonAton v0berton Witter  \ Poppletori^ Niy  ^-Poppleten Alow  - 1 Ion  A  ton Vt*  L  ^Fnntfsiftcri .  i  I  WU/thorp frJ'  *  * fiSAon-hri Hamerton  Ariose  ^ ^JjSzULuttl Ca/tal  Andos 'moor ^  ,  '^Biltorv ri  jSituiuiytAtoai/te Oran / Tih/ton plubUetkorf Uc/bnoton ,o UnpAson  ?*' j;  WifSuAF- £  *JkO SFotFpra\  * JWi:  ' . . I.V/iiitrn  7 Wtryp, TVetAerh/ 1  manner Street  Aeu/eJ A Colton  ( Mortal/ Oxton Tadcader Bolton  Percy jSt/Ilrny/leet Jloryunoton, A  irllr// TVluirfe Tie,  el  hall i 'f^Tvi|.  Ptc/tnl 'Tfrr*/'  W'harrf jf Eythcr W/utftm Barton Anitinqrvrrt/i 7/o/yon/y  iHa.  ( Lat/iont Holinc 77/rrfon FouAntfd  f? %gk-23u/m>itA Wet/cm  Ar WJm//eu Wre/Mfytb ( XTemtntriyAitrtfe^.  Zofntm Wintringham SaAfmntfJi/ Sand Airminc TITuA/j/t UVtOn  maor  k '//t /I  <7 Xi/t  Flaa&m & ,1/M A  a/u£ JTu/tern, Oner  17 r  Atufey  j?fo  ^T. yj  *  *»>? l&a SAArtnaAoni l(0: 1C  A  ta/n/ard  AruAar AieA/t&j/fjf  "’T fcs. Wilton York,  /Ad  /totmt/tMjfA,  a/b  fiecet/td&r  t/tjA?'tc/t,  Aynfty,  fa/ffnatna At?  t-A;  aAb  cvuKie  \ AAe  ?wer  Oufe;  a/ib  ^tro^i  t?Jft/  a/Ad  At?  Ae mat/t  m  /A f<rr  AtAAtyrtuy  ?A?  nti/istyttAzcti;  ?i/iaA  a  t/rtuttf/iA  of* 7/ie yrand , frtytat  for  rattiny  a  ta/iat from.  /X  Humber i v  /Ate  tl/y,  a//iru>  jfid. *  A’  /An  fyy/t  Aumounedde  t/ ?  Lord  Mayor,  .Aldermen Shernffs  .Twenty  four,  and  /At  ivAtdt  /fatty  0/ du  Common Council  of  die  tt/y  of  York,  duk fi/ate  t'j  tin/A  mutt. . ty  ‘  ' cd/tyed  Au/mA/e  jerrant  Francis  Drake. yraRtude  ttucriAd  A//  dear Brouo'h o &L&t * &  jr*Uk Lin  cola  miire ■ Chap.  IX. of  the  CITY  of  YORK, CHAP.  IX. A  furvey  of  the  Ainsty,  or  county  of  the  city  of  York  ;  wherein  the ancient  and  prejent  lords  of  manors  within  that  diJlrtB  are  taken notice  of.  A  genealogical  account  of  feme  ancient  families  therein. The  churches  and  remarkable  epitaphs ,  with  the  boundaries ,  bridges . highways ,  &c. AINSTY,  is  now  a  diftrift  on  the  Weft  fide  Tork  under  the  jurifdiftion  of  the  lord- mayor,  aldermen  and  fheriffs  of  the  city-,  to  which  it  was  annexed  the  27th  of HenN I  •,  though  before  it  was  a  hundred,  or  Uicapontack,  of  the  weft-riding  in  this county.  And  it  has  ever  fince  then  been  called  the  county  of  the  city  of  Tork. The  ftSibe  Of  Ainfty  is  an  odd  appellation,  which  Mr.  Camden  (a)  fay's  fornC  derive  from the  Word  anrifcnfp,  to  denote  its  antiquity,  but  he  is  of  opinion  it  comes  rather  from  the German  Word  anttolTciT,  implying  a  bound  or  limit.  There  Is  little  reafon  for  this  conje¬ cture,  for  it  is  certain  tilis  diftrift  was  called  the  Ainfty  long  before  it  was  joined  to  the  city. In  fome  old  writings  that  I  have  copied  and  given  in  the  juridical  part  of  this  work,  it  is confrintly  called  Hnctftp ;  by  Which  name,  it  was,  probably,  known  when  it  was  a  weapon- take  of  the  COLinty  at  large  *,  and  ftyled  fo  from  the  old  northern  word  SJltenf,  yet  well known  amongft  us  to  fighify  a  hUndfea  contiguous,  oppojile,  Or  near,  the  city  itlelf. The  whole  diftrift,  or  tncapolltacft,  of  the  8inftt  Was  anciently  a  for  eft  •,  but  disforefted by  the  charters  of  king  Richard  I.  and  king  John.  For  the  firft  of  which  gtants  I  find  the inhabitants  paid  (b)  nineteen  pounds  and  eleven  pence  \  and  for  the  latter,  that  the  men  oF this  tBcaprmtack,  and  their  heirs  *  as  the  charter  expreffes  it,  fliould  be  for  ever  free  from fojeft  latoS,  account  was  made  to  the  king  of  the  fum  of  Ohe  hundred  and  twenty  marks  and three  palfrysfrj.  Sir  T.  W.  writes  that  the  city 'Of  Tork  has  very  anciently  laid  claim  to  this jurifdiftion,  by  a  charter  from  king  John  ■,  as  appears  by  the  pleas  before  king  Edw:  I.  an. reg.  8*  when  the  mayor  of  this  city  did  produce  a  charter  ot  king  John,  by  which  he  claimed the  hundred  of  the  Ainfty, ;  which  charter,  upon  inception,  was  found  rafed  in  the  date  in the  word  quarto.  Upon  the  fearch  of  the  rolls  in  the  exchequer  (d)  it  was  found,  that  king John,  in  the  fifteenth  year  of  his  reign,  did  grant  to  the  citizens  of  Tork  the  town  of  Tork ,  in fee-farm  for  the  rent  of  one  hundred  and  fi^ty  pounds ;  and  becaufe  the  hundred  aforefaid  was not  fpecified  in  the  charter  of  anno  quarto ,  arttfalfo  becaufe  that  charter  was  rafed,  judgment was  given  againft  the  mayor  and  citizens,  the  charter  qualhed,  and  the  mayor  committed to  prifon  ;  but  lhortly  after  bailed.  The  fourth  of  Edward  I.  the  mayor  and  bailiffs  were alfo  fummoned  to  anfwer  the  king,  quo  warranto  ( e ),  they  held  the  weapontack  of  the  Ainfty  *, and  lays  fir  T.  JV.  from  whom  I  have  taken  this  paragraph,  it  may  be  doubted  whether  they had  any  good  warrant  faving  for  thelcct,  and  fome  other  liberties,  till  the  27th  of  HenryVl, by  whofe  charter  or  patent  it  was  annexed  to  the  city  (f) ;  lince  which  it  has  had  the  fanftion of  an  aft  of  parliament  to  confirm  i t(g). The  boundary  of  the  0ncittp,  or  weapontack  of  the  city  of  Tork ,  is  thus  com-')  Miles. puted,  from  the  confluence  or  meeting  of  the  rivers  Oufe  and  Nid  and  Nun-Mohk-f ton,  on  the  north  of  the  city  to  the  confluence  of  the  rivers  tVharf  and  Oufe  on  thef*  1 2 ibuth,  which  is  in  computation  - *  -  -  -  ' From  the  meeting  of  the  rivers  Wharf  and  Oufe,  oh  the  fbuth,  to  the  town  of Thorp- arch  on  the  weft,  is  by  computation  - - - - On  the  weft  it  is  bounded  by  the  county  of  Tork  from  the  town  of  Thorp-arch  to the  town  of  fVilftr'opp  upon  Nidd,  by  the  out-range  of  the  parifhes  of  Thorp-arch , Bickerton,  Cattle-bridge  and  Wilftropp  ;  by  computation  -  - On  the  north  it  is  bounded  with  the  river  Nidd  from  the  town  of  Wilftropp  to  the confluence  of  the  river  Oufe  at  Nun-inonkton ;  which  is  -  - - In  all  32 John  Ldaiid  fays,  ttyt  tty  fraitcljtfcs  ant)  liberty  of  York  tfrctcfj  fat:  about  tty  Cttp,  cr* pcctaltrii  bp  tty  enclofgnss  oF  others  tibetS;  ano  one  foap  it  comet!)  to  tty  beep  bnDgc  of 1 " 1 6 i  * (a)  Camden’s  Brit. (b)  Mag.  rot.  5  Ric.  I.  rot.  5.  a.  <H*tocrttiicCcire. Madox’s  exchequer,  f.274.  lit.  a, (c)  Mag.  rot.  10  ]oh.  rot.  18.  a.  Maddox  182.  f d ) Wapontack  de  3hlifti  r.  c.  de  c.  lib.  pro  habend.  quiet, ftfref.  per  cart  am  dom.  regis  et  quod  non  fuit  amplius  in  fo-t ref  a.  Rot.  Pipe.  2  Ric.  I. ( d)  In  the  receipt  of  the  exchequer  in  ntulo  majore  ■,  alfo. ( ef  In  parvo  record,  rot.  8. (f)  De  annex,  hundred,  de  Aynfty  com.  civ.  Ebor.  pat. 27.  Hen.  VI.  p.  1,  m.  14, (g)  Pafch.  13  Car.I.  Regifi.  B.  /1 3  5  *  - 5  E  Tadcaster 3Hz Ainsty. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. Tadcaster  upon  Wharf.  The  citizens  have  afierted  their  right  to  this  diftrid  feveral times,  by  their  fheriffs  meeting  and  attending  the  kings  of  England  in  their  progrefles,  on the  midft  of  Tadcajler-bridge.  Thefe  have  happened,  as  may  be  feen  at  large  in  The  annals , and  appears  in  the  regiflers  of  the  city,  to  be  in  18  Hen.  VII.  7  Hen.  VIII.  1 7  Jam.  I.  and in  the  ninth,  fifteenth,  and  fixteenth  years  of  king  Charles  the  firft. Anno  1661,  a  petition  was  drawn  up  by  the  city  and  prefented  to  Edward  earl  of  Cla- “  rendon ,  then  lord  chancellor  of  England ,  fetting  forth,  tint  by  the  charter  of  27  Hen.Wl. “  the  weapontack  of  the  Ancitty  was  annexed  to  the  city,  and  thereby  granted  that  the “  mayor  and  aldermen  of  the  faid  city  Ihould  be  juftices  of  peace  within  the  laid  weapon- “  tack  as  well  as  within  the  city.  That  thefe  liberties  and  privileges  had  been  confirmed  to “  them  by 'divers  kings,  particularly  Charles  I  ■,  and  that  they  and  their  predeceflors,  for 44  the  fpace  of  two  hundred  years,  have  holden  their  general  quarter- fellions  of  the  peace ct  within  the  city  for  the  faid  diftrid,  the  remoteft  part  of  which  is  not  above  eight  miles ct  from  it. “  That  never thelefs  fome  gentlemen,  as  fir  Thomas  Slingjby ,  fir  Miles  Stapleton ,  James 44  Moyfer  and  Richard  Roundell ,  who  were  not  free  of  the  city,  had  by  his  lordlhip’s  war- “  rant  been  put  in  commifiion  of  peace  within  the  faid  weapontack. 44  The  petitioners  therefore  humbly  befeeched  his  lordfhip  not  to  take  away  their  ancient 14  rights  and  privileges,  but  to  fuperfede  the  faid  commiilion. 1  he  chancellor  anfwered,  that  he  would  not  by  any  ad  or  order  of  his  infringe  or  violate the  city’s  privileges ;  but  he  had  been  informed  the  matter  was  otherways  than  they  repre¬ fen  ted  it,  before  the  beginning  of  the  late  troubles;  however  he  would  hear  both  fides,  and appointed  a  day  accordingly.  Upon  hearing  the  commilTions  were  fuperfeded. _  The  city  of  York ,  together  with  the  Ancitty ,  is  accounted  the  eighth  Part  of  the  wejl riding,  and  the  twentieth  part  of  the  whole  county  at  large.  In  all  alfeflments  by  ad  of  par¬ liament,  the  city  is  taxed  at  three  fifths  ;  the  Ancitty  two  fifths.  It  is  very  particular,  that the  inhabitants  of  this  diftrid  are  not  reprefented  at  all  in  parliament;  their  being  annexed to  the  city  did  not  make  them  capable  of  voting  at  any  eledion  of  members  in  it,  and  their being  cut  off  from  the  county  deprives  them  from  being  free-holders  of  it  at  large.  The inhabitants,  however,  vote  for  the  members  of  the  county,  but  are  always  taken  with  a quere  againft  their  names  ;  that  if  the  matter  fiiould  come  to  be  contefted  in  the  houfe,  they might  be  admitted,  or  rejeded,  as  the  houfe  was  in  an  humour  to  allow  it. Within  the  whole  liberty  of  the  Ancitty  are  thirty  five  towns,  or  hamlets;  thirty  two  of which  are  conftableries.  The  names  of  them  are  as  follows  : 1.  Acombe. 13.  Coullon. 2  5.  Nether  Poppleton. 2.  Afkam  Richard. 14.  Cdppen  thorpd. 26.  Oxton. 3.  AJkam  Bryan. 15.  Catterton. 27.  Ru forth. 4,  Appleton. 16.  Dring  houfes. 28.  S tee! on. 5.  Ac  after  Malbis. 1 7.  Hutton  Wanjky. 29.  Thorp  arch. 6.  Acajler  Selby. 18.  Holgate. 30.  Tockwith. 7.  Angram. 19.  He  fay. 31.  Tadcajler , 8.  Bicker  ton. 20.  Helaugh. 32.  Upper  Poppleton. 9.  Bolton  Percy. 2r.  Knapton. 33.  Walton. 10.  Bilb  rough. 22.  Moore  Monkton. 34.  Wighill. 1 1 .  Bifhopthorpe . 23.  Marjlon. 34.  Willflropp ,  or  thorp. 12.  Bilton. 24.  Middlethorp. There  is  a  little  rivulet  called  Fofs,  which  waters  a  great  part  of  the  Ainjly.  It  begins  a- bout  Wether  by  woods,  runneth  through  Walton  park,  Wighill  park,  Helagh  park,  by  Cat- terton ,  over  Tadcafter  moor,  by  Seaton ,  Paddockthorp ,  and  into  the  Wharf  at  Bolton-Percy. I  now  begin  my  general  defeription  of  the  Ainjly  at  Skelder-gate  poftern  ;  and  the  reader may  obferve,  that  the  names  of  feveral  fmall  hamlets  or  feats  will  occur  in  it  which  are  not townfhips,  and  confequently  not  put  down  in  the  preceding  lift. MiDDLETHORPE  Comes  firft  in  my  way,  but  being  in  the  parifh  of  St.  Mary* s  Bi/hop- hill  the  elder,  York ,  it  may  be  faid  to  lye  in  the  fuburbs  of  the  city.  By  an  ancient  lift  of the  lords  of  the  feveral  manors  in  the  Ainjly ,  temp.  Ed.  II.  (h)  Middlelhorpe  is  put  down  as then  belonging  to  the  abbot  and  convent  of  Byland ;  but  I  find  no  mention  in  the  Monajl. when  or  how  they  got  it.  It  is  at  prefent  part  of  the  pofleflions  of  Francis  Barlow ,  efq; whofe  father  built  a  fine  houfe  here.  But  the  manor  is  in  difpute  whether  it  belongs  to  him or  the  reverend  Dr.  Breary. (i)  Bishopthorpe,  anciently  St.  anDrcto’s^tjQjp,  alias  2E[)0?pc  fupcf  Clfe.  In  this town  Robert  Bufard  held  two  carucats  of  land  of  the  king,  in  capite ,  at  the  rent  of  four marks  per  annum. 1  he  archbifhop  of  York  held  therein  ten  oxgang  of  land  of  the  fee  of  Lutterell. (h)  Dated  at  Clifton,  tejle  rege,  March  anno  reg.  9.  ( i)  Ex  MS.  fir  T.IY.  Torre.  325. 1316. Alfo l Chap. IX.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  3S Alfo  Robert  Holdebert  held  fix  oxgarigs  of  Richard  de  Malbys  of  the  honour  of  fcye,  at  AInstt, the  rent  of  fix  pence. Likewife  the  prior  of  St.  Andrew's  York  held  feventeen  oxgangs  of  land  in  the  fame town. Walter  Grey ,  archbilhop  of  York  purchafed  the  manor  of  2C!jo?pC  &t  #ltOretll,  of  divers feefors,  to  himfelf,  his  heirs,  and  afiigns  for  ever. (k)  The  faid  archbifhop,  to  promote  the  good  of  him  and  his  fucefiors,  gave  and  grant¬ ed  the  fame  manfion-houfes  thereunto  pertaining  to  the  chapter  of  York  ;  upon  condition that  they  might  grant  it  to  his  fuccelfors,  archbifhops  of  York,  whilft  they  continue  fo,  for the  annual  rent  of  twenty  marks  fterling,  to  be  paid  at  Martimnas  to  the  treafurer  of  the church  of  York  ;  for  the  maintenance  of  his  chantry.  Whereupon  the  laid  dean  and  chap¬ ter  have  ever  fince  devifed  the  faid  manor,  &c.  to  the  fucceeding  archbifhops  for  the  term of  their  lives.  And  during  the  vacancy  of  the  fee  the  fame  does  revert  to  themfelves,  and remains  in  their  feifin  till  a  new  archbilhop  be  placed. The  redtory  of  St.  Andrew  at  Thorpe  was  by  Walter  Gifford  archbifhop,  after  the  de- ceafe  of  Arnold  de  Berkeley  then  re&or,  granted  to  the  priorefs  and  nuns  of  St.  Clement  with¬ out  the  walls  of  York,  to  be  pofiefied  to  their  own  proper  ufe  for  ever.  The  deed  was dated  November  i,  anno  1269  ;  it  was  alfo  by  the  aforefaid  archbifhop  converted  into  a  vi- caridge,  the  vicar  whereof  was  prefentable  by  the  faid  priorefs  and  nuns.  Who  was  to  have for  the  portion  of  his  vicaridge  that  whole  manfion,  v/ith  its  gardens  and  virgult,  which lies  between  the  houfe  of  Ralph  Holidays ,  &c.  Togethef  with  two  felions  of  land  on  the  out- fide  of  the  faid  garden  fouthward,  and  abutting  to  the  faid  virgult.  He  fhall  alfo  receive the  whole  profits  of  the  alterage  of  the  church ,  and  two  marks  per  annum  out  of  the  cham¬ ber  of  the  priory  quarterly;  and  on  every  lord’s  day  have  one  refedtory  in  their  houfe.  .  The find  priorefs  and  nuns  fliall  pay  all  archiepifcopal  and  archidiaconal  dues;  find  books  and ornaments  of  the  church  ;  and  bear  all  other  burthens  thereof  at  their  own  cofts.  Only the  vicar  fliall  repair  the  chancel  when  need  requires;  but  at  the  new  building  thereof  fhall bear  only  his  proportion  (l). At  the  diflblution  the  gift  of  this  vicaridge  came  to  the  crown,  who  conftantly  prefented to  it,  till  the  prefent  archbifhop  got  a  change  for  the  living  of  Helperby  ;  by  which  means it  came  again  to  the  fee,  after  an  alienation  of  near  five  hundred  years.  This  fmall  vi¬ caridge  had  likewife  an  augmentation  by  the  late  queen  Anne's  bounty ;  procured  by  the faid  archbifhop. Gray’s  chantry. W alter  Gray ,  when  he  fettled  the  manor  of  Thorpe  upon  his  chapter,  referved  out  of  it  twen¬ ty  marks  fterling  to  be  paid  into  the  hands  of  the  treafurer,  for  the  time  being  of  the  cathedral church,  for  him  to  diftribute  fix  pound  yearly  at  Pentecojl  and  Martinmafs ,  for  the  main¬ tenance  of  one  chaplain,  prefentable  by  the  dean  and  chapter,  or  by  the  chapter  if  there be  no  dean,  for  ever. Who  fliall  celebrate  in  his  chapel  of  Thorpe  St.  Andrew  for  the  fouls  of  John  late  king of  England ,  and  of  him  the  faid  archbilhop,  and  of  all  faithful  deceafed  (m). The  palace  of  Bijhopthorpe  was  built  by  the  aforefaid  Walter  Grey ,  in  which  is  the  neat chapel,  ftill  Handing,  where  his  chantry  was  founded.  The  houfe  has  had  feveral  repa¬ rations  by  the  fucceeding  archbifhops,  which  will  be  particularly  taken  notice  of  in  the  ac¬ count  of  their  lives.  It  is  fufficient  here  to  fay,  that  the  prefent  beautiful  gardens  were, alrnoft,  wholly  laid  out  at  the  charge  of  archbilhop  Sharp ;  and  the  houfe  received  great alterations  in  the  hall,  dining  rooms,  &c.  at  the  expence  of  the  late  archbifhop  Dawes. At  the  faleofthe  bifhop’s  lands,  by  our  late  blefled  reformers,  this  palace  and  manor of  Bijhopthorpe  was  fold  to  Walter  White  efq;  March  10,  1647,  for  five  hundred  and  twen¬ ty  five  pound  feven  /hillings  and  fix  pence,  who  made  it  his  feat  till  the  Rejloration. The  vimrirlcr/*  or  Hi  _ l _ j  _  1  • _ »  i  .  1  1  i The  vicaridge  at  Bijhopthorpe  is  thus  valued  in  the  king’s  books. Firll  fruits Tenths 04  00  00 00  08  00 Monumental  INSCRIPTIONS  in  the  church  of  Biihopthorpe. Ipctb  tic  Urtiofc  floincr  of  sotitl)  in  ffn  teas  fpcnf, SBut,  tijrougb  grace  of  tlje  ocitp,  579 3?rt  age  carnettls  Ijc  DiD  repent, 3no  truffco  in  Cljnlfc  front  «0oD  being  fent. (Erpetting  note  Vuitf)  faints  alone SCIjc  longio  for  compngc  of  BJefus  to  Dome. Kobcrtus  JSrigbous  qui . . .  .  .  trita  mutata  .  .  .  ob.  rrr  Die  Slug, B>.  1579. (k)  Dated  11  kal .April,  anno  1141. C t )  Ex  MS.  Torre,  325. (m)  idem  f.  328.  A  cottage  in  Bijhopthorpe,  called djauutru-tyoufc,  one  garden,  a  meadow  and  a  croft adjoining,  &c.  was  fold  to  Walter  Wblflete,  Jut)  2;, 5  Ed.  VI.  amongll  many  other  chantry  la  ds.  Rolls chap. Depofi- Book  I. 384 Ainsty Brathwavt 1675. Noihfolk. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES Depofttum  Richardi  Brathwayt  ftlii Edwardi  Brathwayt  et  Annae  uxor  is  ejus , qui  obiit  22  Ait  Sept.  1673. The  lord  archbifhop  of  Fork  ftill  lord  of  the  manor  of  Bifhopthorpe. Acaster  Malbys,  or  Alcafter  bears  a  Roman  found  in  its  name*  antiently  contained four  carucats  of  land  held  by  the  family  of  Malbys  ;  who  had  lree  warren  in  their  lands  in Ac  after.  The  Malbys ,  from  whom  the  town  takes  its  name,  flourifhed  here  for  fome  cen¬ turies  after  the  conqueft ;  till  at  length  a  daughter  and  heirefs  of  this  family  was  married to  Fairfax  of  Walton ,  created'  vifeount  Emley ,  whofe  defendants  are  ftill  in  pofTcflion  of this  eftate  (n). The  church  of  Acafter  was  given,  by  Richard  Malbys ,  to  the  abbey  of  Newbo ,  com. Lincoln  \  anno  13 48;  till  which  time  the  Malbys  were  patrons  of  this  reCtory. Jan.  15,  1348,  this  church  was  appropriated  to  the  fiid  abbot  and  convent  of  Newbo, by  John  archbifhop  of  Fork,  who  ordained  therein,  that  there  be  a  perpetual  vicar,  viz. one  of  the  canons  regular  of  that  monaftery,  in  priefts  orders,  and  prefentable  by  the  faid abbot  and  convent.  The  portion  of  whofe  vicaridge  ftiould  confift  in  all  the  houfes  with¬ in  the  lower  qlofe  of  the  rettory,  for  his  manfion  and  habitation,  with  a  curtelage  adjoin¬ ing,  built  and  repaired  the  firft  time  at  the  charge  of  the  faid  abbot  and  convent.  Alfo in  name  of  the  portion  of  his  vicaridge  ftiall  receive  ot  them  twelve  pound  per  annum * payable  at  Martinmaf  intirely.  For  Which  the  vicar  fhall  find  bread  and  wine,  veftments* and  other  ornaments  of  the  altar*  and  fhall  be  at  the  charge  of  walking  them.  And  all other  burdens  ordinary  and  extraordinary  which  are  incumbent  on  the  church,  the  faid  abbot and  convent  fhall  wholly  bear  for  ever. At  the  difiolufion  the  prefentation  fell  to  fir  Nicholas  Fairfax  ;  which  family  have  ever fince  prefented  except  one  turn  of  queen  Elizabeth.  I  find  this  reCtory  was  fold  to  Robert Fairfax,  the  tenth  of  Elizabeth,  for  twenty  pound  (0).  The  honourable  Charles  Fairfax  of Gitling  the  prefent  lord  of  this  manor. Monumental  INSCRIPTIONS  in  this  church. (p)  >|<  flD^afe  p:o  animabus  00m.  Jjiicljolas  jpojtijfolh  be  ......  qui  obitt  .  * mclifc  jpobcmbjts,  anno  £>om.  sp.  CCC  ,  ♦  .  et  Clene  up.  ejus  .  *  .  «  » quojum  ammabus  pjopittetur  £Deus.  £men. Under  the  fouth  wall  is  a  ftone  whereon  is  raifed  the  folid  portraiture  Of  brie  of  the Malbys ,  in  armour,  crosflegged  ;  on  his  fliield  a  chevron  inter  three  hinds  heads  erafed. AcasTer  Selby,  or  Over  Acafter,  was  fo  called  from  being  part  of  the  pofiefiibds  of the  abbot  of  Selby.  It  is  now  part  of  that  great  eftate  which  belongs  to  the  right  honourable the  lady  Petre  -,  but  the  manor  is  in  fir  Lyonel  Pilkington  bart. Nun  Appleton,  took  its  name  from  a  priory  of  nuns  founded  here,  by  a  lady  called Adeliza  de fanclb  Quint ino,  temp.  reg.  Steph.  with  the  confent  of  Robert  her  fon  and  heir,  artd dedicated  to  God,  St.  Mary,  St.  John  the  apoftle  which  was  confirmed  by  Thomas  arch- bifiiop  of  Canterbury.  The  charter  of  the  foundation  of  this  nunnery  grants  in  pure  and perpetual  alms  to  Fr.  Richard  and  the  nuns  here  fefving  God,  all  that  place  Which  JidiaM held  near  Spplctoll,  with  the  land  about  it,  partly  eflarted  and  part  not,  on  each  bank  of the  river  ^Kllfjarffe,  unto  the  bounds  placed  by  Hugh,  Siward  and  William.  Alfo  two  ox- gangs  of  land  in  0pplctoil,  and  one  oxgang  in  SCIfOJpC  free  from  all  earthly  fervice,  &V4 The  witnefies  to  this  deed  are  Ofberl  archdeacon,  Henry  and  Godfrey  monks  of  Ponte- F-nfi,  Gilbert  tile  fon  of  Falk,  Gilbert  dc  #rci)t0>  Walter  de  11  iff) re,  Agnes  daughter  to  the laid  lady  9t.  Quintine,  & c.  ( q ). The  fe'veral  donations  made  by  the  founders  and  other  benefactors  to  the  nunnery  were confirmed  by  king  John  in  the  fixth  year  of  his  reign  (r).  Amongft  the  injunctions  pre¬ ferred  to  the  nuns  of  this  houfe*  anno  1489,  there  are  thefe,  that  the  cloifter  doors  be  put up  in  winter  at  feven,  and  in  fummer  at  eight  at  night  -,  and  the  keys  delivered  to  the  priorefs. That  the  priorefs  and  dll  the  ftfters  lodge  nightly  in  the  Dorter,  unltfs  Jick  'or  difeafed.  That  none of  the  fibers  ufe  the  ale-honft,  not-  the  waterftde,  when  cOnrfl  of  ftrAHgers  daily  refort.  That none  of  the  ftfters  have  their  fervice  of  Meat  And  drink  to  /Mr  chainbeUs,  but  keep  the  frater  and the  hall ,  unlefs  ftek.  That  no  ftfter  bring  in  Any  Man,  NtigWttS  or  Jecitldr,  into  their  chamber  or any  fecret  place,  day  or  night,  &o.  That  the  priorefs  licence  hi  ftfter  to  go  a  pilgrimage  or  viftt their  friends ,  without  great  caufe ,  and  then  to  helve  a  cotnpdnion.  That  the  convent  grant  no  cor- rodies  or  liveries  of  bread ,  or  ale ,  it-  other  iiiclAAl,  to  Any  fir  fon  wilfXMt  [pedal  licence.  That they  take  in  no  perbendinauncers  or  fojourners,  urdefs  children,  or  old  perftns,  &c. Befides  the  donations  mthtiohed  in  the  monaft »  I  have  met  With  fome  original  grants  to Oh  ExMS.D.  T.  W.  et  Torre,  319.  (q)  Mon.Ang.v.  1.  908,  909.  &t. \o)  Rolls  chap&l.  (r)  Turre  Lond.  anno  6  Joh.  cart. (j)  Sec  Ref  oh' s  chantry  St.  Mary  Cbftlegat?. i  this Chap. IX.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. this  nunnery,  which  I  (hall  give  in  the  apt  endix.  Mr.  Terre  's)  has  the  names  of  thefol-Ai lowing  priorefies,  but  it  cannot  be  called  a  clofb  catalogue. P  RIORESSES  of  APPLETON, Anno. 13  °3 Dora™ Johanna  de  Normanvill. 1320 Dom™ Ifabellade  Normanvill,  common 1  domus. 1392 Dom™ Hawifia. Dom™ Rliz.  de  Holbeck,  commonialis  domus. Dom™ Lucia  de  Gainfbury. 1367 Dom ™ Agnes  de  Egmonton,  common,  domus ^ Dom™ Icfonea  Dunyell. 1426 Dom™ Eliz.  Fitz  Richard,  common,  domus » 14  . Dom™ Agnes  de  Ryther^J. 14  . Dom™ Johan,  de  Ryther. 1419 Dom™ Matilda  Tayleboice. 1506 Dom™ Anna  Langton,  commonialis  domus. Chantry. There  was  a  chantry  founded in  the  conventual  church  of  this nunnery  at  the  altar  of  St.  John Baptijl  -,  of  which  the  convent  had the  patronage. December  5,  31  Henry  VIII.  the furrender  of  this  nunnery  was  in- rolled.  And  the  revenue  was  at the  diflfolution  valued  at  feventy three  pound  nine  (hillings  and  ten pence.  Dug. Lord  Thomas  Fairfax ,  whofe  anceftors  had  a  grant  of  the  fite  and  eftate  of  this  nunnery from  the  difiblution,  or  near  it,  built  a  handfotne  houfe  here  ■,  which  has  been  fince  pur- chafed,  from  that  family*  by  Mr.  Milner  merchant  in  Leeds ,  whofe  fon  fir  JVilliam  Mil¬ ner  bart;  now;  enjoys  it. The  town  of  Appleton  antiently  contained  twelve  carucats  of  land,  whereof  Walter  de FalcoJibergi  Henry  Samjfon ,  and  others  held  three  carucats  of  the  abbot  of  St.  Mary’s  Fork. The  refidue,  viz.  nine  carucates,  were  held  of  the  heirs  of  Brus,  who  held  them  of  the  ba¬ rons  Moubray *  and  they  of  the  king  in  capile  at  the  rent  of  eighteen  pence  ob.  q. The  manor  of  ^>outl;U)OoD,  in  0pplcfoit,  was  fometime  the  land  of  Richard  Falccnberg , and  was  given  by  him  to  fir  John  Samjfon  of  Fork  knight,  and  Mary  his  wife,  their  heirs and  afligns. Appleton  is  now  in  leveral  hands  •,  of  which  John  Moyfer  efq-,  fir  Henry  Slingfby  bart. fir  William  Milner  bart.  are  the  chief  owners. feoLTON  Percy,  which  has  been  fometimes  called  iSroDlctoiT,  fays  fir  T.W.  antiently contained  in  itstownfhip  eight  carucates  of  land-,  held  by  Rberl  de  Percy  of  the  heirs  of Henry  de  Percy,  baron  of  SCopcUffe,  who ’held  it  o;  the  king  in  capite,  at  the  rent  of  four (hillings  per  annum. King  Edward  I.  granted  licence  to  Robert  de  Percy  to  embattle  his  manfion  houfe  at 215ol£<m. In  the  book  of  Doomfday  the  lands  of  William  Percy  are  faid  to  lie  in  the  weftriding  in the  weapontack  of  the  Ainjly  -,  and  amongit  other  things  it  is  taken  notice  of  that  he  had a  wood  at  Bolton,  a  mile  long  and  half  a  mile  broad.  A  great  part  of  this  wood  was  at: terwards  given  by  a  Percy  to  the  building  of  the  cathedral  church  at  Fork. This  manor  afterwards  came  to  the  lords  Beaumont ,  who  in  the  eleventh  of  Edward  III, obtained  a  charter  for  free  warren  in  all  all  his  demefn  lands  here.  They  had  a  manor  houfe by  the  church,  and  their  arms  are  in  leveral  places  in  the  windows  of  it. (u)  The  church  of  Bolton  was  given  by  Picole  de  Percy  to  the  priory  of  J5  off  all.  But anno  1150,  the  prior  and  convent  of  Nojlall  transferred  the  patronage  thereof' to  the  arch- bifhops  of  Fork,  and  their  fucceftors  for  ever. January  10,  1323,  pope  John  XXIII.  appropriated  it  to  the  table  of  the  archbifhop, during  the  life  of  William  de  Melton  then  archbifhop-,  granting  to  him  power,  when  he Ihould  ceafe  or  deceafe,  to  reduce  the  church  to  its  priftine  ftate.  Whereupon  the  faid archbifhop,  according  to  the  form  of  thefe  apoftolick  letters  collated  dom.  Rob.  de  Byng- ham  prefb.  to  ferve  as  vicar  thereof  during  the  faid  union  for  the  term  of  his  life,  afligning him  a  competent  portion  for  a  maintenance  (x). The  redtory  of  Bolton  Percy  was  thus  valued  in  the  kings  books,  viz Firft  fruits  40/.  now  -  -  - Tenths  - -  -  - -  _ Procurations  — -  -  - - -  _ The  prelen t  lord  of  this  manor  is  fir  William  Milner  bart. /.  s.  d. 39  *5  02 03  17  04 00  07  06 1 0)  Tone  14.3. (0  See  her  epitaph  in  Bolton  church. (*)  Tone  p.  135. ( x )  Idem. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. ' y)  A  CABAL  O  GUE  of  the  RECTO  R  S  of  B  olton  Percy. 38<$ Ainstv. Temp. inf  it.  Reftores. Anno 1250  Radul.  Briton. Bom.  Rog.  d’Oyley. 1309  Baldwin,  de  St.  Albano  cler. 1323  Rob.  de  Byngham  prefb. 1527  Nich.  de  Duffeld  J 1340  Job.  de  Pulkore  cap. 1345  Will,  de  Shireburn prefb, 1349  Tho.  de  Halwell  cler. 1 35 r  Joh.  de  Ayleftone  cap. 1 353  Joh.  de  Irford  prefb. 1365  Adam  de  Hedley  vel  Clareburgh. 1370  Tho.  de  Halwell 1372  Hen.  de  Barton  prefb. Rich.  Digell  prefb. 1407  Will.  Crofie  prefb. 5411  Tho.  Parker  prefb. 1423  Joh.  Sellowe  prefb.  decret.  B. 1438  Tho.  Kempe. 1449  Joh.  Berningham. 1450  Ric.  Tene  decret.  D. 1463  Joh.  Sendale  LL.  D. 14 66  Tho.  Pierfon  decret.  D. 1490  Rob.  Wellington  prefb.  fepult.  apud Gilling. Hen.  TrafFord  t  decret.  do  A. 1 537  Arthur  Cole  cler. 1 557  Rob.  Johnfon  cler.  L.  B. Tho.  Lakyn  S.  T.  P. 1 575  Edmund  Bunny  S.  T.  B. 1603  Rog.  Akeroyde  S.  T.  P. 1617  Hen.  Wickam  cler. 1660  Tobias  Wickam  cler. Patroni. Collat.  arcbiepif. Idetn. Idem. Idem. Rex  Ed.  III.  fede  vacant. Arcbiepifc.  Ebor. Idem. Idem. Idem. Idem. Idem. Idem. Idem. Rex  fede  vac. Arcbiepifc  opus  Ebor. Idem. Idem. Idetn. Idem. Idetn. Idem. Idem. Idem. Idem. Idem. Idem. Idem. Idem. Idetn. Vacat . per  tnort. per  refig. per  refig. per  tnort. per  rejig, per  refig. per  refig. per  tnort. per  refig. per  reftg. per  tnort. per  tnort. per  reftg . per  mort. per  mort. per  tnort , per  tnort. per  mort. per  mort. per  refig. per  mort. The  prefent  church  at  Bolton  Percy  was  built  by  Thomas  Parker ,  who  died  retftor  of  it anno  1423  •,  his  epitaph,  which  was  in  the  church  on  the  louth  fide  the  altar  exprefiirg  it. The  fabrick  is  one  of  the  neateft  in  the  country,  but  the  builder  did  not  live  to  fee  it  con- fecrated,  for  we  find  that  a  commifiion  iftued  out,  dated  July  8,  1424,  to  the  bifhop  of Bromore  to  dedicate  this  parifh  church  of  Bolton  Percy ,  and  the  church-yard ;  alfo  the  high altar  of  the  church,  newly  erected  and  built  (z). Monumental  I  NS  C  R  IP  T I O  NS  which  are  or  were  in  this  church  anno  1641. On  a  grave  Bone. l£tc  jacct  Oja.  brocket  cf  Dioitifia  uw?  ejus,  quiqniDcm  SCfjo.  obiit  nit  Die  0p2ilisamto Dorn.  sia.  CCCC.T££23.  pjcDittaque  SDtontfia  ob.  rib  ftp.  anno  9$.  CCCC. £)?atc  p;o  Ojoma  packer  quonDam  rcttoje  fjujus  cccl.  ac  ciueDcm  fab^tcafoje. On  a  grave  ftone, I£ic  rccubat  clauftts  fub  marmorc  jam  cSultelimis, €»?ammatices  quonDam  grammata  qtu  Docuit. Sluifquis  cris  pucr  aut  jubenis  qtu  cartmna  legis spafon  pcrpaucas  ftuiDc  rcfunDc  prcccs. Ryther.  ^  j2D?atc  pjo  anima  ^gnetis  dc  ISptbcr  quonDam  p?iot'ilTc  fjtt/us  monaffcrii  .  -  i  rrrtii quc  obiit  prtmo  Die  rncnfts  spartii  CCCC . rttjus  amme  p?o* pitictur  SDeus.  ^Imen. ARMS  on  this  ftone, Impaling  dext.  three  crefcents  Ryther,  finift.  blank.  Semy  of  quarter  foils,  probably the  arms  or  fignet  of  the  nunnery. /yj  Terre,  135. (z.)  lb’ll. (a)  This  ftone  does  not  originally  belong  to  this church,  but  was  taken  out  of  the  nunnery  chapel,  and for  many  years  ferved  to  ftop  water  at  a  miln;  till  very lately  my  worthy  friend  the  reverend  Mr.  T.  Lamplugh the  prefent  redtor,  redeemed  it  and  placed  it  in  his  church. In Chap. IX.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK.  >87 In  memory  of  the  honourable ,  verluous  and  religious  lady  Eleonora  Selbic,  fee  unde  daughter  of  A  i  :.stv. the  right  honourable  Fardinando  lord  Fairfax,  baron  of  Cameron,  and  wife  of  fir  William  SeiLl-  l6'°- Selbie  knt.  ofTwiftle  in  Northumberland.  Sir  William  Forfter  knt.  and  bart.  of  B.dm- brough-caftle  there,  and  hujband  of  their  foie  daughter  and  heire,  caufed  this  marble,  to  be here  placed. Which  honourable  lady  having  lived  in  fritted  widowhood  twenty  one  years,  feen  the  foie  pledge of  her  marriage  worlhly  matcht ,  and  bleffed  with  much  hopeful  ifj'ue  •,  having  performed  the feveral  offices  of  wife ,  mother ,  fifter,  mifirefs ,  friend  and  neighbour ,  with  all  imaginable exattnefs ,  at  lafi  in  great  eafe  and  compofedncfs  of  mind ,  with  entire  andabfolute  rejignation gave  up  her  fottle  into  the  hands  of  her  gratioufe  and  ever  blejfed  redeemer ,  the  1 7 th  day of  March  in  the  year  of  our  lord  1670  ■,  of  her  age - and  lyeth  here  interred. M.  S.  Fairfax  164-. Ampliffimi  defideratiffimiquc  Ferdinandi  dom.  Fairfax  baron,  de  Cameron,  quern  in  Britanniam  “ et  fidei  thealrum  ager  Ebor. Ednlit. Majorum  fplendore  cl  arum, Curatorem  pads  fiudiojijfmum, Irarum  (fi  quas  peperit  vicuna )  fequefirum , Aequi  Unique  tenacijjimum. Quippe  fumma  domi  forifque  and  or  it  ate, Parique  apud  omnes  0)  dines  gratia, Publi  cae  quielis  amans , Sed  bello  infuperabilis, Dextra  gladium,  fimfira  flateram  tenens Utriufque  laudis  trophaea  relulit ; Religionis  cultor , Literarum  patronus , Humanitatis  repumicator, Nobilijfimae  prolis  numero  et  pietate  felix, Quern  virum  Maria  Edmundi  com.  Mulgrave  filia, Novies  beavit. Quid  igitur  novi  ?  ft  (quas  fingularis  amor  tamdiu Tamque  multiplici  pignore  fociavit) Mors  ipfa  non  dirimet. r\u  C  Aet.  fuae  64.. Ob.  anno  <  ?  ,  i  *  , \oal.  humanae  1647. ARMS  quarterly, 1.  Argent,  three  bars  geme  Is  gules,  over  all  a  lion  rampant  fable,  crowned  or.  Fairfax. 2.  Argent ,  a  cheveron  entre  three  hinds  heads  couped  gules.  3.  Argent,  four  bars gules.  4.  Or,  a  crofs  fable.  5.  Or,  abend  fable.  6.  Or,  a  bend  azure  7.  Argent, a  chevron  entre  three  crows  proper.  8.  Argent ,  a  fefs  fable,  charged  with  three  po- mets  or,  entre  three  flowers  de  lices^/z/er. Here  lyeth  the  bodyes  of  Henry  Fairfax  late  retlor  of  this  church,  and  of  Mary  bis  wife.  He  Fairfax  1665. dyed  April  6,  1665,  aged  77.  She  dyed  December  24.  1649,  aged  56. Arms  on  the  ftone,  Fairfax  impaling  Cholmdley. M.  S. Mariae  Fairfax.  fra*rf**  l(H9- Quam  longum  gloria  fexus  et  generis  certabat Honos. Cernis  ut  infolefcit  fplendetque  marmor Ingenlis  depofiti  confcium . Nihil  tamen  habet  praeter  involucrum  gemmae Quam  Hen.  Cholmeley  de  Roxby  ordinis  equejlris Ex  Margareta  Gulielmi  de  Babthorp  milit.  filia Succujfit  in  virtutum  cone eptac ulum. Unde  forma,  moribus,  ingenio ,  fide  clara Scrivenum  ad  Knarefburgh  natalibus , Eboracum  geniali  toro , Quadruplici  prole  virum, Innocentia  vitae  gentem, Et  ferali  pompa  Bolton  Percicum  honefiavit. Ubi  pleuritide  correpta  ad  plures  abiit 8  calend,  Jan.  1649.  aet.  fuae  56. Hen.  Fairfax,  altera  fui  parte  fpoliatus Praefiantiffimae  conjugi Pietatis  et  amoris  ergo Lugens  pofuit. acred Book  I. 1 88 ne  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUIT IES ^insty.  Sacred  to  the  memory  of  mother  and  daughter. Bladen  1692.  ppenr  this  place  lies  interred  the  body  of  Ifabella  the  wife  of  Nathanael  Bladen  o/Hemfworth  efq-, daughter  of  fr  William  Fairfax  of  Steeton  knt.  and  dame  Frances  bis  wife ,  Jhe  departed  this life  0<ft.  2^,  1691,  leaving  fix  children  Ifabella,  Catherina,  William,  Francis,  Elizabeth and  Martin.  She  was  a  mojl  obedient  child,  a  tender  mother ,  and  a  faithful  friend. And  likewife  of  dame  Frances  her  mother ,  relibl  of  fir  William  Fairfax  aforefiid  ( daughter of  fir  Thomas  Chaloner  of  Gifburgh,  who  was  governcrur  and  chamberlain  to  prince Henry  •,)  of  their  ten  children  four  only  lived ,  viz.  William,  Thomas,  Catherine  and Ifabella  named  above. She  lived  mijlrefs  of  Steeton  above  60  years,  an  eminent  example  of  piety  and  charity.  Born February  1610,  died  January  1692. Charae  memoriae Almae  conjugis  ejufque  matris Nathanaei  Bladen Superfles  hunc  titulum  pofuit. Vixi,  et  quern  dederat  curfum  Jehova  peregi. Under,  fix  efcutcheons  of  arms. 1.  Impaling  gules,  three  chevefons  argent ,  charged  with  three  pellets  of  the  fame.  Si- nift.  Fairfax. 2.  Quarterly  the  fame  as  the  firft. 3.  Azure ,  a  chevron  entre  three  garbs  or. 4.  Argent ,  fix  pellets  or  bezants  fable ,  three,  two  and  one. 5.  Or,  a  lion  rampant  azure ,  armed  and  langued  gules. 6.  Azure ,  a  chevron  entre  three  cherubims  heads  or.  Chaloner. Fairfax  1694.  Near  this  place  lyes  interred  the  body  of  William  Fairfax  of  Steeton  efq \  who  departed  this  life the  3d  day  of  July,  1694.  In  memory  of  whom  his  brother  Robert  Fairfax  efq-,  caujed  this fmall  funeral  Jlone  to  be  erected. _  .  r  ,,  Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Thomas  Fairfax  fon  of  William  Fairfax  of  Steeton  efq-,  buried  Ap.  6 , air  ax  1  9-  j  near  the  tenth  year  of  his  age. Whom  death  made  heir  and  no  heir. The  windows  in  this  church  have  been  miferably  defaced  and  broken  *,  the  arms  and painted  glafs  near  deftroyed,  for  I  find  by  a  book  01  drawings  in  the  herald’s  office  taken  by fir  IV.  Dugdale,  1641,  that  there  were  thirty  three  different  coats  of  arms  then  in  the  win¬ dows.  By  the  care  of  the  prefent  rector  they  are  repaired  with  fuch  materials  of  that  kind as  he  could  pick  up  from  other  places.  For  which  reafon  there  are  feveral  coats  in  the windows  at  prefent  which  did  not  originally  belong  to  them  ;  what  are  really  old  are thefe. Quarterly  or,  a  lion  rampant  azure.  .  2.  Azure,  three  lucies  or  pikefiffi  hauriant  argent. Percy  and  Lucy.  Gules,  a  lion  rampant  argent.  Beaumont.  York  fee,  the  pall,  im¬ paling  vert ,  three  bucks  trippant  argent.  Archbifhop  Rotheram. The  fiteof  the  ancient  manor  houfe  of  thefe  two  families  is  yet  apparent,  which  is  now in  the  pofieffion  of  fir  JVilliam  Milner  bart.  And  1  muft  not  lorget  that  the  rector’s  houfe was  almoft  entirely  rebuilt  by  the  late  worthy  incumbent  Dr.  Pierfon ,  chancellor  of  the  di- '  ocefe,  who  laid  out  above  eight  hundred  pound  in  the  work  •,  the  out  buildings  have  received feveral  confiderable  additions  and  reparations  by  the  prefent  rector  the  reverend  Mr.  Thomas Lamp/ugh,  canon  refidentiary  of  York. In  this  parifii  ftood  Brocket t-hall,  antiently  the  feat  of  the  Brochetts  of  this  county. Alfo, (b)  Steeton-hall ,  alias  which  for  fome  ages  has  been  the  feat  of  that  truly  an- tient  family  of  Fairfax ,  was  by  the  conqueror’s  furvey  in  the  pofieffion  of  OJJ'ern  de  Ar- chis.  Sir  John  Chamont  knt.  was  owner  of  the  greateft  part  of  the  lands  of  ^tpfoeton  forty eighth  Edward  III,  and  had  ifiue  two  daughters,  Joairwho  was  a  nun,  and  Margaret  married to  JVilliam  lord  Mowbray.  In  this  manor  was  antiently  five  carucates  and  halt  of  land whereof  Richard  de  Styveton  held  four  and  a  half  of  Walter  de  Falconberg,  who  held  the  fame of  the  heirs  of  Brus,  and  they  of  the  barons  Mowbray,  who  held  them  of  the  king,  in  ca- pite,  at  the  annual  rent  of  feven  pence  halfpenny.  Another  carucate  was  of  the  fee  of Percy  as  of  his  barony  of  *a>pofo,:0  ;  whereof  the  abbot  of  Sc.  Mary  York  held  half  a  carucate, and  the  priorefs  of  Appleton  the  other. This  Steeton  was  the  feat  of  fir  Guy  Fairfax  knight,  one  of  the  judges  of  the  king’s  bench, in  the  times  of  Edward  IV ,  and  Henry  V II,  and  it  has  ever  fince  continued  in  a  younger branch  of  his  family.  Thomas  Fairfax  of  Newton  efq-,  the  prefent  pofieffor. Colton,  in  the  twentieth  of  Edward  I.  Garo  Chamont  or  de  Calvo  Monte,  was  feifed  of the  manor  of  Colton  -,  and  it  has  fometimes  been  called  Colton  Chamont. (b)  MS.  Torre  &  fir  T.  W. In Chap. IX.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. In  the  twen  ty  fecond  year  of  king  /*„.  VII.  Henry  Oughtred  of  Kexby,  efq;  in  confide  / ration  of  the  right  good  counfel  to  him  given  by  miliam  Fairfax,  efq;  ferjeant  at  lav.-  did for  the  pleafure  of  tire  faid  William  grant  to  him  and  his  heirs  free  liberty  and  licence  to  hunt and  hawk  ,n  the  manor  and  town  of  Colton,  in  the  fhire  of  the  city  of  Fork,  with  licence to  hih  and  fowl  therein  ;  rendring  one  red  rofe  at  Midfummer  only  (c). Temp.  Jac.  p  im.  Colton  was  in  the  polfeffion  of  fir  George  Ratcliff,  knt  This  manor  is now  the  property  of  fir  John  Bourn,  bart.  which  he  had  by  marriage  of  the  daughter  and heirels  of  lir  brancis  Leuefter ,  bart.  ° iTf  V  “iijS  CW™^.alias1  nple-Coppenthorp,  was  anciently  the  lands  of TiuJOut  Kobe, tot  that  name  divided  his  inheritance  amongft  his  three  finders  Rofe  Hih nx  and  Agatha  ;  Copmaitti)0!p  among  other  things,  was  allotted  to  Hilaria,  in  the  reign  of king  It  was  afterwards  the  lands  of  Fairfax  (e)  and  fold  to  the  Vavafours.  I  find  by an  office,  fays  fi.  T  IV  taken  in  the  firft  year  of  queen  Elizabeth,  after  the  death  of  Thomas Favajor,  efq;  that  he  died  feiftd  ot  the  manor  of  Scmplc.'Copm.inffjOfp.  In  the  reigns  of king  James  and  Charles  dr  Thomas  I  av a four,  knight  marlhal,  and  fir  miliam  Vavafor were  owners.  Now  Wiliam  Boynton,  John  Wood,  and - Adams,  efqs; HoRNiNGTDN,  c,  Edw.U.  did  belong  to  the  lady  Refry-,  it  was  afterwards  mrr  of  the poffeffions  of  fir  Wdliam  Ryther,  knt.  who  had  free  warren  there.  Henry  Topham  efq;  of Fork  a  reader  of  Graf, -Inn,  a  man  fir  T.  W.  calls  famous  in  his  time  For  wit  and  learn  ng, was  lord  of  this  manor  temp.  Jac.  I. °*fS  HTZ’  ^  greUteft  IT  f  Which  bdonH  formerly  the  abbot  and  con¬ vent  ol  Sawley  I  he  manor  was  9  Ldw.  I.  in  the  poffeffion  of  Simon  de  Kyme,  from  thence it  came  to  the  Percies,  and  is  now  in  the  duke  of  Somerfet.  J Padockthorp,  was  once  the  poffeffion  of  Gilbert  Umfrevile  earl  of  A/mts Wolsimgton,  alias  mifton,  alias  Oujlon,  alias  Wefton,  was  in  the  reign  of  Edw.lll the  property  ot  he  Bernard  Brocas,  knt.  which  my  author  thinks  he  had  by  the  marriage  of the  daughter  and  heir  of  fir  Mauger  Vavafor  which  hr  Manger  was  owner  thereof  by  the grant  ot  Robert  Aim  who  by  the  deed  ot  purchafe  held  it  by  an  annual  rent  to  the  king  of Sttslrote?  °r  blanC^f9rmi  and  t0  aPPear  :lt  the  Weapontaeft  held  at Tadcaster  at  the  midft  of  the  bridge  from  York,  is  the  out-bounds  of  the  Ally  and may  be  faid  to  be  tne  very  out-port  or  gate  of  the  city  of  York  on  that  fide.  The  lordffiio of  this  town  was  many  ages  in  the  truly  great  family  of  Percy,  earls  of  Northumberland Jfjlliavi  de  Percy  by  the  conqueror  s  furvey  being  found  lord  thereof.  But  as  the  church fate  of  the  caftle,  and  grated  part  of  the  town  are  in  the  county  at  large,  they  are  out  of my  diftrift  to  treat  on.  And  as  to  its  claim  to  a  Roman  flation/that  hfs  beenktgely  dif- courfed  on  in  another  place.  The  prelent  noble  bridge,  one  of  the  bed  in  a  county  re¬ markable  for  done  bridges,  was  bu.ft  about  forty  years  ago,  by  a  general  tax  of  ,  J  Ter ThUendidkhd  bya.'a°fP.arll3mei”:onal1,:'nds,  c*.  in  the  city,  Ainjly,  and  county  at  large The  dldich  which  Camden  quotes  on  the  river  and  bridge  in  his  time'is  much  better  knoln than  the  occadon  of  it  It  terns  Dr.  Eades,  afterwards  dean  of  IVorceJler,  being  a  great  ad¬ mirer  of  the  famous  Toby  Matthews,  upon  the  latter’s  removal  from  Chrijl-church% Oxford to  the  fee  of  Durham,  the  doftor  intending  to  go  but  one  days  journey  with  him,  was  en¬ ticed  on,  by  the  fweetnefs  of  the  biffiop’s  converfation,  to  Durham  itfelf  Here  it  was  that he  wrote  their  whole  journey  lain  verfe,  and  in  Iris  defection  of  Tadcajler  happening to  come  over  the  bridge  m  a  very  dry  fummer,  he  applyed  this  didich :  PP  S Nil  Tadcafter  habet  mufis  vel  carmine  dignum , Praeter  tnagnifice  ftruft  um  fine  flumine  pontein. The  mufe  in  Tadcafter  can  find  no  theam. But  a  moft  noble  bridge  without  a  ftream. ingBlmorl°iaofrir:tUrning  “  the  wintCr  altered  his  °Pinion=  “d  ^  the  follow- Qyae  Tadcafter  crat  fine  flumine  pulvere  plena, Nunc  habet  immenfum  fluvium,  el  pro  pulvere  lutum. The  verfe  before  on  Tadcafter  was  juft. But  now  great  floods  we  fee,  and  dirt  for  duft. rfhp^fent  ‘°rd  °f  ChiS  t0™  iS  hiS  §race  the  duke  of  from  a  of  the  heirefs bartLX^  j^Xhel0/  ft  the  ^  ^ 3S9 (c)  Sir  T.ttr.  dated  at  Fork,  Sept (J)  MS.  fir  T.  tv. 22  Hen.  VII. ( e)  It  came  to  the  Fairfax's  by  the  marriage  with  the beliefs  of  Main,.  For  9  EJw.  II.  Wdlulmm  de  Malti , was  lord  of  the  manor  of  Cepmamherpt.  City  records (J)  Ex  MS.  Torre,  p.  83. 5  G The t 39° A  INST  V. Temp.  reg. Johan. Temp.Ucn.Ul The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book!. The  priory  at  Helagh  was  founded  by  Bertram  Haget,  who  granted  to  Gilbert ,  a  monk of  tnaj.  Monajlerium  in  France,  and  his  fuccefTors  in  Jf  trank  ^linotgn,  the  land  of  the  her¬ mitage,  which  was  in  his  wood  of  Helagh ,  towards  the  eaft,  as  the  water  runs  from  Hair? bjigg,  to  the  pafiage  of  JSsangUJat.  Alio  all  his  new  efiarted  land  without  the  ditch  of  Jj)cor<* Ocbjeft  (g)* Jordan  de  S.  Maria  and  Alice  Haget  his  wife,  confirmed  the  faid  donation  to  William  the prior  and  canons  of  the  church  of  St.  John  the  Evangelilt  de  Parco  Helagh ,  together  with  all the  wood  called  0o?fC;park,  &c. Walter  archbiifiop  of  York  confirmed  to  thefe  canons  the  church  of  St.  John  the  evange- lift,  and  the  place  in  which  their  monaftery  was  founded.  And  all  the  lands,  woods  and paftures  in  the  park  of  ^clagf),  and  in  S&pcfjalCj  where  they  had  two  oxgangs  of  land  given by  Ralph  Haget  (h). Befides  the  donations  made  thefe  monks,  which  are  mentioned  in  the  monajt.  I  have  per- ufed  feveral  original  grants  of  lands  and  tenements  given  them  in  Snfoojpcrarcfj, CEJalfon,  ©feoffee,  l^agunDbp,  piompton,  Sparffon,  3vbton,  15tlton,  jfc&apn, Mbalc,  £fUtjam,  Cgburgc,  lo^eftebp,  ipeton,  $>Dlc,  itatljcrton,  2brefk,  and ©2lombUJdl.  All  which  are  in  St.  Mary's  chefl  at  York. William  de  Percy  lord  of  iitlDale  gave  to  the  canons  of  St.  John  the  evangelilt  of  JJ)elag!p JDat’k,  the  chapel  of  St.  Hilda  at  HulDalc,  with  diverfe  lands  i  for  which  the  faid  canons were  to  find  two  of  their  own  houfe,  or  two  fecular  prielts  to  celebrate  the  divine  offices  in the  faid  chapel  for  ever  (i ). This  priory  of  Helagb-park  at  its  dilfolution  was  valued  at  feventy  -two  pounds  ten  flail- lings  and  feven  pence,  Dugdale.  And  it  has  ever  fince,  till  very  lately,  been  part  of  the pofleffions  of  the  lords  Wharton ,  and  was  the  feat  of  Philip  lord  Wharton ,  temp.  Car.l.  (k) Stamp  Fenton ,  efq;  the  prefen t  lord  of  Helagh. A  clofe  CATALOGUE  of  the  PRIORS  of  HELAGH  (l). fT i imp. inflit.  Priores  loci. Anno 1218  Frater  Willielmiis  de  Hameleis  jletit  in  prioratu  18  an.  ~  ob.  die  S.  Pra- xydis  anno  1233. 1233  Fra.  Elyas,  Jletit  23.  an.  3.  menf.  obiit  die  S.  Math.  ap.  1256. 1257  Fr.  Johan.  Necus,  Jletit  4.  an.  3.  menfob.  4.  id.  Jan.  1260. 1260  Fr.  Hamo  de  Eboraco,  Jletit  3  an.  et  1.  menf  ob.  13.  kal.  Jun.  1264. 1264  Fr.  Hen.  de  Quetelay,  Jletit  16.  an.  exc.  5.  diebus  et  mortuus  ejl. 12S1  Fr.  Adam  de  Blyda,  fecit  cejfionem  in  manibus  archiepifcopi  13.  kal. Nov.  1300. 1300  Fr.  Will,  de  Grymefton,  cellarius  domus  fecit  ceff.  5.  id.  Ap.  1320. 1320  Fr.  Rob.  deSpofford,  cellarius  domus ,  Jletit  13.  an. 1333  Fr.  Steph.  de  Levyngton,  canon. domus. 1352,  Fr.  Ric.  de  Levington,  canon,  domus. 1 357  Fr.  Thomas  de  Yarum,  canon,  domus. 1370  Fr.  Steph.  Clarell,  ob.  ult.  Jan.  1423. 1423  Fr.  Johannes  Byrkin,  canon,  domus,  Jlet.  6.  an.  et  refig. 1429  Fr.  Thomas  York,  canon.  dom.Jlet.  6.  an.  et  pojlea  depofitus. 14 35  Fr.  Ric.  Areton,  Jletit  1.  an.  et  3.  menfes ,  et  tranjlat.  erat  ad  Gylburn. 1437  Fr.  Thomas  Batfon,  per  1.  an.  et  tranf.  ad  Bolton. 1440  Fr.  Thom.  Colyngham,  Jletit  21.  an.  et  refig. 1460  Fr.  Chrift.  Lofthoufe,  can.  domus ,  Jlet.  11.  an. 1471  Fr.  Will.  Berwyck. 1475  Fr.  Will.  Bramham,  alias  Bolton,  reg.  5.  an. 1580  Fr.  Will.  Elyngton,  can.  dom.  reg.  18.  an. 1499  Fr.  Peter  Kendale. 1520  Fr.  Ric.  Roundale. Vacat. per  morti per  mort. per  mort. per  mort. per  ceff. per  ceff. per  mort. per  cejf. per  ceff. per  mort. per  cejf. per  depof. per  cejf. per  cejf. per  refig . per  mort. per  rejig, per  refig . I  fliall  take  leave  of  Helagh  with  obferving  what  Leland ,  in  his  itinerary,  fays  of  it  ; “  From  Tadcajler  to  Helagh  pryory  is  about  two  mile,  by  inclofed  ground.  One  Geffrey “  Haget ,  a  nobleman,  was  firft  founder  of  it.  In  this  priory  were  buried  fum  of  the  Dcpe- “  dales  and  Stapleton's,  gentlemen-,  of  whom  one  fir  Bryan  Stapleton,  a  valiant  knight,  is “  is  much  fpoken  of.  Geffry  Haget  was  owner  of  Helagh  lordlhip,  and  befides  a  great  ow- “  ner  in  the  Ainjly.  From  Helagh  priory  fcant  a  mile  to  Helagh  village  I  faw  great  ruins  of ( g )  Mon.  Ang.  vol.II.  p.  287,  &c. (  h )  Ex  originali, (i)  Men.  Ang.  p.  291 . (*)  The  feite  of  this  priory  I  find  was  granted,  along with  the  reeforj'  and  advowfon  ot  vicarage,  to  one  Ja¬ cob  Gage,  the  thirty  firft  of  Hen.  VIII.  Chapel  of  the Rolls . (/)  Mon.  Ang.  vol.  II.  p  289.  MS.  Torre,  p.  84. Chap. IX.  the  CITY  of  YORK. “  an  ancient  manor  of  ftonc,  with  a  fairjwooaed  park  therby,  that  belongid  to  the  earl  ofAiNSTy. “  Northumberland.  It  was  as  far  as  I  can  percieve  lumtyme  the  Hagct* s  land  (m). Bilbrouch,  or  Beilburgfj,  was  in  the  hands  of  Roger  Bafcy,  9  Edw.lll  and  he,  or his  father,  had  tree  warren  given  him  in  all  his  demefne  lands  in  Bilbrough  and  Sandwith, 32  Edw.  I.  the  townfhip  anciently  contained  feven  carucats  and  a  half  of  land  of  the  fee  ot Paynel ,  who  held  them  of  the  king,  in  capite ,  paying  no  rent(>/J. I  he  town  ftandeth  upon  a  rifing  ground,  or  fmall  hill  to  look  at,  yet,  a  plump  of  trees upon  it  may  be  feen  at  forty  miles  diftance ;  and,  oneway,  if  I  am  rightly  informed,  was before  the  old  trees  was  cut  down,  the  land-mark  for  the  entrance  of  fhips  into  the  Humber. The  manor  has  long  been  in  the  pofieffion  of  the  Fairfax  family  ;  and  was  the  birth-place  of fir  Thomas  Fairfax ,  knight,  the  fir  ft  lord  Fairfax  of  the  family  of  Denton.  The  houfe  was afterwards  pulled  down  upon  an  unhappy  contention  betwixt  two  brothers  of  that  family, and  never  rebuilt  ( 0).  Tho.  Fairfax  of  Newton  efquire,  the  prefent  lord. 1  here  is  a  church  or  chapel  in  this  town  of  Bdbrough  which  hath  right  of  fepulture  ;  but as  it  is  a  donative ,  no  particular  account  can  be  given  of  it. In  it  was  a  chantry  founded  in  the  chapel  of  St.  Saviour ,  at  the  fouth  end  of  the  feoffee,  by  Norton’s John  Norton,  lord  of  the  town  anno  1492,  who  ordained  and  difpofed  towards  the  mainte-  chantry. nance  of  fir  William  Dryver ,  chantry  prieft  and  his  fucceffors,  4/.  6s.  8  d.  in  land  and  in- clofure,  that  he  and  they  fhould  fing  and  occupy  the  fervice  of  God  for  the  fouls  of  the faid  John  Norton  and  Margaret  his  wife,  and  Richard ,  Thomas  and  Margaret  their  chil¬ dren,  &c.  (p) John  Norton  of  Bilbrough ,  efq-,  made  his  will,  proved  Dec.  20,  1493,  whereby  he  crave his  foul  to  God  almighty,  and  his  body  to  be  buried  in  the  parifti  church  of  Bilbrough,  in the  vault  between  the  church  and  the  chapel  newly  built. Thomas  lord  Fairfax  baron  of  Camerone  made  his  will  Nov.  8,  anno  1667,  proved •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  SivinS  his  f°ul  to  God  almighty,  hoping  to  be  faved  through  Jefus  thrift, and  his  body  to  be  buried  in  the  parifh  church  of  Bilbrough  near  the  body  of  his  wi  fe(q). Accordingly  the  remains  of  this  great  warrior  lye  interred  in  this  church-,  over  which  is  a mean  tomb  and  this  infeription  : here  lyes  the  bodies  of  the  right  honourable  Thomas  lord  Fairfax  of  Denton,  baron  of  Camerone  ;  _  . who  diedNov.  12,  1671.  in  the  fixtieth  year  of  his  age  :  And  of  Anne  his  wife,  daughter  and**"™ coheir  of  Horatio  lord  Vere,  baron  of  Tilbury.  They  had  ijfue  Mary  duchefs  of  Bucking¬ ham  and  Elizabeth.  ° The  memory  of  the  jujl  is  blejfed. Askam  Bryan,  9  Edw. 2.  Gilbert  de  Stapleton  and  John  Grey  were  lords  of  it;  fi  r  T.  IV writes,  that  AJkam-Bryan,  Colton,  Heffay,  Slyvelon  were  part  of  the  pofleffions  of  fir  John Depedale,  who  gave  them  in  marriage  to  William  Mowbray  the  fon  and  heir  of  fir  John Mowbray.  This  AJkam ,  he  adds,  came  afterwards  to  fir  Miles  Stapleton  by  the  marriage  of the  daughter  and  heir  of  Mowbray.  ° This  town  contained  eight  carucats  of  land  held  of  the  fee  of  Mowbray.  And  what  its diltinguilhing  name  is  from,  is,  that  Bryan-Fifz- Alain  held  the  faid  town  of  the  honour  of Richmond,  rendering  5  j.  per  an.  to  the  warden  of  the  cattle  of  Richmond  (r).  All  the tythes  ot  this  town  and  parifh  were  granted  to  Morgan  Nutcbent  the  ninth  of  Elizabeth  (s) Temp  Car.  I.  John  Geldart,  an  alderman  of  York,  was  owner  of  this  manor,  and,  as hr  T.  If  .  writes  built  a  fine  houfe  here.  It  is  at  prefent  in  the  poffeflion  of  Mr.  Garfcrth merchant  of  York-,  who  has  much  enlarged  and  beautified  the  houfe  and  gardens. ■  a-w A1kam,  Richard,  alias  IVefl-Afkam,  had  antiently  fix  carucats  and  a  half  of  land  in ns  diftnft  ;  which  were  held  of  the  heirs  of  Brufe,  who  held  them  of  the  barons  Mowbray, ,-UJ0  F11  ,  -,ngs  rent  fer  ann-  The  ninth  of  Edward  II.  the  priory  of  Burlington  was  pof- ieiied  of  this  manor.  Samuel  Clark ,  efq;  the  prefent  poffelfor. ( u)  The  church  of  AJkam  Richard  was  given  by  William.de  Archie  and  Ivetta  his  wife  to  the nunnery  or  Monketon ,  who  from  thence  had  the  patronage  of  it. And  8.  Id  Martiianno  1329.  the  church  of  Afcham- Richard  was  appropriated  to  the  priorefs and  nuns  of  Monketon  by  Henry  archbilhop  of  York  ;  who  apppointed  a  perpetual  vicarage therein  It  continued  m  the  prefentation  of  the  nunnery  till  the  diffolution,  when  it  fell  in¬ to  the  hands  of  Henry  Vavafour,  efq;  whofe  executor  prefented  three  times.  But  an.  162a and  1669,  John  Swale,  gent,  had  the  gift  of  this  vicarage  (x). kingt' books'86  ^  A^am'R'chard >  AIJkam-Bryan,  and  Bilbrough,  was  thus  valued  in  the Firft  fruits’  _  _  _  1  s-  d • Tenths  _  _ .  _  _  4  13  4 "  —  —  —  044 Procuration (m)  Lelanili  itin.  vol.  VIII. (»)  Ex  MSS.  Torre  et  dom.  T.  W. (O)  SWT.  IV. ( P )  Torre,  p.$i6,  tyc. (  q )  This  Thomas  lord  Fairfax  gave  the  tythes  of  B/7- brough  to  the  church  there.  Thorejby  due.  leotl. ( r )  Torre,  336. (  r )  Chapel  of  the  B,olls. ( t )  Torre,  331. («)  Mon.  Ang.  vol. I.  p.476. (*)  Tone,  331, (y)  Wig- 391 Ain  sry. Burton  1498. Stapylton *5°3- Stapilton 1521. Stapilton 15*8. Stapilton 1542. Stapilton 1673. Stapilton 1634. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookI. (y)  Wichal,  in  the  town  of  Wighall  and  Efdyke  are  five  carucats  of  Jand,  which  towil was  held  by  Reginald  de  Albo  Monafterio  of  Roger  de  Mowbray ,  who  held  it  of  the  king  m capitc.  All'o  one  carucat  of  land  therein  was  held  by  the  prior  de  Parco  of  the  lord  of  Hc- lagh ,  who  held  the  fame  of  the  barons  Mowbray  at  the  rent  of  two  fhillings. Rand,  de  Bleminjlre  was  the  ninth  of  Edw.  II,  lord  of  Miltrfjfllc,  CafcDtefes  and lake  •  after  him  we  find  one  fir  John  Bleminjlre  •,  but  Nicholas  Stapleton  was  owner  of  it  an. 1343,  as  appears  by  the  Efch.  the  feventeenth  of  Edw.  III.  This  Nicholas  had  ifiiie  fir Miles  Stapleton ,  who  was  made  knight  of  the  garter  at  the  fir  ft  inftitution  of  the  order.  It appears  alfo  by  the  fines  of  the  forty  ninth  and  fiftieth  of  Edw.  III.  that  fir  Bryan  Stapleton and  Alice  his  wife  were  owners  of  MigljalKX),  &c. The  family  of  Stapleton ,  or  Stapylton ,  have  long  been,  and  are  ftill,  in  poffeffion  of  this eftate,  on  which  is  a  noble  old  houl'e.  There  have  been  a  luccelfion  ol  many  worthy  knights of  this  family,  and  two  of  them  knights  of  th e.  garter.  Sir  Rob.  Stapilton ,  who  lived  to  the beginning  of  the  reign  of  James  1,  was  not  inferior  to  any  of  his  anceftors.  Sir  John  Har¬ rington ,  in  his  book  of  bifhops  addrefied  to  prince  Henry ,  gives  him  this  great  character, “  Sir  Robert  Stapilton  a  knight  of  Torkjhire ,  whom  your  highnefs  hath  often  feen,  was  a  man “  well  fpoken,  properly  feen  in  languages,  a  comely  and  goodly  perfonage,  and  had  fcant “  an  equal,  and,  exept  fir  Philip  Sidney ,  no  fuperior  in  England  (a).” The  church  of  Mtgljalc  was  given  to  the  priory  of  l^claglpparh ;  and  to  the  fame  was appropriated,  and  a  vicarage,  ordained,  which  was  endowed  with  the  tythes  of  CfDpftc  and jfolifapf,  &C.  At  the  diffolution  of  monafteries,  the  prefentation  of  this  Vicarage  came  to lir  Robert  Stapilton ,  whofe  defeendants  have  ever  fince  prefen  ted  to  it  (b).  1.  s.  d. The  vicarage  of  INighale  is  valued  in  the  king’s  books.  Firft  fruits  -  5  3  1  ii Tenths  -  o  10  4^ Procurations  —  076 Philip  Stapylton,  efq-,  is  the  prefent  lord  of  this  manor. Monumental  INS  CRIPTIONS  in  the  churtb  at  Wighill. ►P  Me  jacet  £>om.  Mill.  HBucton  quonoam  bicacius  ttftus  cede,  qui  obiit  ppt.  Die  meitfiis fpactu  ait  S>om.  1498.  cujus  anime  propitictuc  Dcus.  3meu. ►p  £>:atc  p2o  amma  Dorn.  MiUiclmi  £>tapilton,  tnilit.  ct  pro  amma  DomE.  q^argarctc  uroris fuc,  qui  qutDcm  Milliclmus  obiit  phi.  Die  mends  Recent,  an.  SDom.  sp.SD.  tertio,  cujus attime  propitictuc  Dcus. >p  aDratc  pro  anima  0lirie  stapilton  quonoam  up.  Dour.  fSriani  stapilton  militis,  que  obiit phi  Die  mends  jliohembris  an.  £Dom,  itp.CCCCC.iI3I  cujus,  $c. SDratc  pro  anima  T^cnriei  stapilton,  milit.  filii  ct  bcrcDis  Mtllielmi  fetapilton  milif. qui  obiit  pm.  Die  mends  £>eptcm.  an.  £>om.  ^illcdmo  CCCCC.£®3(3&.  cujus  amme propitictuc  £>eus.  £mcn. yfr  jZDrafe  pro  anima  Dominc  Jobanne  stapilton  quonDam  uporis  DominiJ6)cncici  &>tapplton militis  que  obiit  qutnto  Die  mends  3!auuacii  an.SDom.  sp.cCCCC.i!L3f3f* Hie  fitus  Henricus  Stapilton  dom.  de  Wighall . ex  ajttiqua  Stapiltonorum  onundus . vir  jujlilia  infignis . mundum  et  vicit  el  deferuit. An.  aetatis  fuae  42.  annoque  Dom.  1673. ARMS  on  a  monument,  Stapilton  impaling  Fairfax. P.  M.  S. Corpus  Roberti  Stapilton  arm.  olitn  domini  de  Wighill  in  agro  Ebor. . long  a  majorum  ferie  nobilis . hie  jacet,  &c. Ob.  Londini  xi.  Martii  aelapfuae  33.  Jalut.  1634. In  mandatis  moriturus  dedit  ut  run  cum  patribus  in  eodem  tianulo  dormiat  cinis.  Catherina  filia illuji.  domini  vicecomitis  Fairfax,  ut  pietalem  optima  manifejlet  conjugi ,  hoc  monumentum  po - fuit. Wilesthorpf.  was  anciently  the  lands  of  de  Wilejlhorpe  in  the  Time  of  \PmgJobn  but temp.  Ed.  I.  fir  Robert  de  PontefraSl  was  lord  of  this  manor  j  as  was  his  fon  Thomas  de  Ponte- fratt  the  ninth  of  Edw.  II.fr )  . The  kino-  gave  refpite  to  Rob.  JVivelJlhorpe  not  to  be  made  a  knight  from  Lajter  next  to come  till  a'year.  And  it  was  commanded  to  the  fheriff  that  he  fhould  not  diftrain  him  in that  time. 0)  Torre,  277. (  2, )  MS.  lir  T.  IV. (a)  The  pedigre  of  this  ancient  family  is  printed  in Thorejbfs  duett .  Leod.  drawn  down  to  the  late  fir  John Sup-lion  ol  Myton,  bart.  who  left  iflue  the  prefent  fir Miles,  now  knight  of  the  (hire  for  the  county  of  York, Brjan,  Francis  fince  dead,  Henry,  Cbriflopber,  and  three daughters. (  £  )  Torre \c)  Sir  T. Hr.  City  records. IVilJlrop 393 of  the  CITY  of  YORK. Chap.  IX. Wiljlrop  the  feat  of  fir  Ofwald  Wiljsrop,  which  was  an  ancient  family  in  this  traft.  The right  honourable  the  lord  or4  lady  P  tre  the  prefent  polfdfor. Bilton,  this  was  anciently  the  lands  of  Waleys.  In  the  feventh  of  Edw.  I.  John  Vavafor did  hold  in  the  name  of  Alice  his  wife,  together  with  one  Stephen  tVaieys  his  partner,  the manors  of  % IjOjpc  and  ISilfoiT;  in  which  they  claimed  to  have  free  warren.  In  the ninth  of  Edw.  II.  Billon  belonged  to  Richard  Waleys  and  Nicholas  Vavafor  (d). Billon  came  afterwards  to  Snaufell  by  the  marriage  of  Alice  the  daughter  and  heir  of  Wil¬ liam  D  any  el ,  lord  of  Billon.  Which  family  continued  owners  of  it,  till  of  late  years  it  was pm-chafed  by  Mr.  Ivefon  alderman  ol  Leeds.  John  Ivejon ,  efq;  the  prefent  lord  of  this manor. (e)  Marston  cum  Hoton-wandesi.e  V,  in  the  town  of  Marjlon  are  twelve  carucats of  land,  whereof  William  Fitz-Tbornas  held  fix  carucats  of  Moubray.  The  refidue  of  thole carucats  were  held  by  divers  of  the  heirs  of  Brus,  who  held  them,  utjfupra.  Alfo  the  prior of  St.  Andrew  in  York  held  one  carucat  and  two  oxgangs  of  land  by  the  rent  of  thirteen pence. In  the  town  of  Hoto'n  were  fix  carucats  of  land  which  rendered  per  ami.  eighteen  pence. And  John  de  Cropping  held  the  faid  town  of  the  heirs  of  Richard  de  Wyvelejlborpe ,  who  held k  of  the  heirs  o (Brus,  and  they  of  the  barons  Mowbray. John  de  Bechthorpe  and  the  abbot  of  Fountains  were  owners  of  Marjlon  the  ninth  of  Edw.  II. which  was  afterwards  the  lands  of  Ingleby ,  and  then  of  the  Tbwaites's.  From  whom,  I  fup- pofe,  fir  Henry  T hompfon ,  knight,  alderman  of  York  bought  it,  and  it  is  now  the  chief  feat of  his  grandlon  Edward  Thompfon,  efcp, (f)  Hoton  or  Hutton  cum  Angram ,  was  alfo  the  lands  of  Ingleby ,  but  late  of  Richard Roundele ,  efq;  who  left  three  daughters,  the  eldeft  of  whom  was  married  to  fir  Darcy Dawes ,  bai  t,  fon  of  the  late  archbifhop  Dawes.  The  eftate  at  Hutton  as  yet,  1  luppofe,  is undivided  amongft  them. The  church  of  Marjlon  is  an  ancient  reiflory  belonging  to  the  patronage  of  the  Wyvele- thorps ,  then  of  the  Gre pings,  and  from  them  to  the  Middeltons ,  then  the  NeJ'sjields ,  then the  Inglebys.  Since  whom  it  has  been  in  feveral  hands  till  purchafed  by  the  Roundeles. Anno  1400.  a  commiffion  was  granted  to  the  parifhioners  of  this  town  of  Marjlon,  be- caufe  their  old  church  was  far  diflant  from  their  habitations,  and  then  alfo  ruinous  and  ne- ceflary  to  be  rebuilt,  to  tranfiate  the  fame,  together  with  the  ftone  thereof,  from  that place  unto  another  chapel,  fituate  in  the  fame  parilh,  and  there  to  build  themfelves  a new  parifh  church.  Provided  that  they  keep  up  inclofed  the  cemetery,  where  their  old church  flood  (g). The  re«5lory  of  Marjlon  is  thus  valued  in  the  king’s  books.  /.  s.  d. Firft  fruits  -  -  -  24  3  9 Tenths  -  -  ■  - —  2  8  4^ Procurations  - - -  -  -  —  ®  8  6 Subfid  ies  ■ -  -  -  — —  220 Rufford,  or  Rughford,  was  the  lands  of  Geoffry  Rughford,  and  afterwards  came  by marriage  of  the  daughter  of  Fulk  Rufford  to  Alain  Breton.  Here  are  four  carucats  of  land which  were  held  by  the  laid  Alain  of  the  heirs  of  Brus  ;  who  held  them  of  the  barons  Mow¬ bray,  and  they  of  the  king,  in  capite ,  at  the  rent  of  2  s.  per  annum.  Alain  the  tenth  of Edward  I.  had  free  warren  granted  him  in  all  his  demefnes  there.  In  the  ninth  of  Ed¬ ward  II.  Alice ,  widow  to  William  Bugthorp,  was  owner  of  thele  lands  and  about  that  time Nicholas  Stapleton ,  the  fon  of  Miles  Stapleton ,  fued  John  Maleverer,  that  he  fhould  reftore unto  him  William  Bugthorp  to  his  cuftody,  whofe  father  William  held  of  him  the  manor  of Rufford  by  half  a  knights  fee,  and  fuit  of  court  of  the  faid  Nicholas  at  Tborparches  Ifom three  weeks  to  three  weeks,  (Ac. Moft  of  thefe  lands  were  afterwards  given  to  St.  Leonard's  hofpital,  york.  The  prefent lord  is  Henry  JuJlice ,  efq; Sc akle thorp,  the  ninth  of  Edw.  II.  was  the  lands  of  William  Rofs  but  Thomas  Ugh- tred  was  owner  thereof  in  the  eighth  year  of  Edward  III,  and  had  licence  from  the  king  to impark  his  woods  of  &crbg,  £ponktoH  upon  the  moor,  and  ^cakeltjjojpe.  (i) In  the  book  of  Doomefday  it  is  recorded,  that  in  the  JS>cafeeltf)0£pe,  and  in  the  two  pop* pletonSf  are  fix  carucats  of  land  and  a  half,  of  the  land  of  Ernurn  Catenas  ■,  which  OJborn  de Archis  holds,  as  it  is  witnefied,  to  the  ufe  of  William  Mallet. Thorp-arch,  in  the  town  of  Thorp-arch ,  were  four  carucats  of  land  held  by  John  de Bella  Aqua ,  or  Belleu ,  of  the  fee  of  Roger  de  Mowbray ,  who  held  the  fame  of  the  king,  in capite ,  by  the  rent  of  two  Ihillings  and  eleven  pence  half-penny  per  annum  (k). This  town  feems  to  derive  the  latter  part  of  its  name  from  the  family  of  D' Archis,  who came  in  with  the  conqueror,  and  had  great  pofiefiions  in  thefe  parts.  It  has  fometimes  been (d)  Sir  T.  W.  City  records. (e)  Torre,  p.281.  Sir T.W.  Qc. (/)  lidem. {S )  Tom>  281. (  h )  Sir  T.  W.  Torre,  &c, (/)  Sir  T.  IV. (k)  Torre,  339. 5h called 394 Ainsty. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  EookI. called  Ivettborpe,  from  Ivetta ,  flie  mother  of  the  firft  Peter  Brus ,  who  gave  fome  lands  in this  place  to  the  nuns  of  Q^onUtoil,  with  the  wood  as  it  was  inclofed  betwixt  the  aforefaid place  and  the  town  of  SClcrbp,  now  Wetherby.  She  was  wife  to  William  de  Archis(l). (m)  In  the  ninth  of  Edw.  II.  Nicholas  de  Stapleton  is  put  down  as  lord  of  the  manor  of SCfjoip^arcI)  at  that  time.  Here  was  a  park  formerly,  but,  as  it  feems,  not  very  well flocked  vith  game;  as  appears  by  the  following  verfes  made  by  fome  that  came  to  hunt here  from  Tork, (n)  Mine  parvum  faltum  petimus ,  Thorpe  nomine  dicunt. Lcngum  iter ,  et  frufira  faftum ,  nam  fallimus  i/lic Sj  emque  diemque  fimul ,  rara  eft  ut  nulla  voluptas , Non  puto  tarn  ilimis  quam  dumis  ejje  repletum. (o)  The  church  of  was  given  by  Adam  de  Brus  and  Ivetta  de  Archis  his  wife* to  the  chapel  of  St.  Mary  and  holy  Angels ,  then  founded  by  archbifhop  Roger  in  Tork- minjler. Anno  1258.  archbifhop  Sewall  ordained  a  vicarage  in  this  church  of  Thorp- Arch.  And that  the  vicar  fhould  have  the  whole  altaridge  of  the  laid  church,  and  the  manfion  thereof; laving  to  the  facrift  of  the  faid  chapel  the  eafement  of  going  and  returning  from  his  granga there,  and  to  lay  up  his  corn  therein.  Likewife  the  vicar  fhall  have  the  tythes  of  the  tythes belonging  to  the  facrifl,  or  two  marks  out  of  his  purfe.  And  other  two  marks  fhall  be yearly  dirtributed  by  the  faid  facrift  to  the  poor  of  the  parifh,  fife. The  preientation  of  this  vicarage  at  the  diftolution  of  the  chapel  in  Tork  minfter  fell  to the  crown;  but  hasfince  been  in  feveral  hands.  Anno  1672.  Arthur  Savile,  efq;  prefented. It  was  thus  taxed  in  the  king’s  books :  /.  s.  d. Firft  fruits  -  - - - - -  -  ,  j  i  l Tenths  -  -  - .  -  o  7 ■Procurations  -  -  -  -  068 1  he, vicarage  of  Thorp-  Arch  was  of  late  years  only  twenty  four  pounds  per  annum  ;  but  re¬ ceived,  an  addition  of  two  hundred  pounds  from  the  reverend  Mr.  Robin/on  of  Leeds ;  by  which donation  it  claimed  two  hundred  pounds  more  of  queen  Anne's  ever-memorable  bounty- money.  The  prefent  vic.tr  the  reverend  Mr.  Weatherhead ,  propofed  a  fecond  augmentation in  order  to  purchafe  the  tv  dies,  then  in  the  pofteftion  of  William  Wrigbtfon  of  Cufhworth ,  efq; and  valued  at  one  thoufan  two  hundred  and  fifty  five  pounds;  which  fum  was  railed  in  this manner,  Mr.  Robinfot:  two  hundred  pounds,  the  government  two  hundred  pounds,  Mr. Wheatherhead  two  hundred  pounds,  the  government  two  hundred  pounds,  in  all  eight  hun¬ dred  pounds.  1  he  great  deficiency,  being  four  hundred  and  fifty  five  pounds,  was  given by  the  lady  Elizabeth  Ha/lings ,  who  alfo  purchafed  the  perpetual  advowfon  of  the  living from  the  aforefaid  Mr  .Wrigbtfon.  The  many  benefactions,  of  this  kind,  which  this  lady has  done  to  the  church  in  general,  deferves  a  nobler  encomium  than  my  pen  can  beftow. She  is  at  prefent  lady  of  the  manor. Walton  has  long  been  in  the  pofieftion  of  the  family  of  Fairfax ,  and  anciently contained  three  carucats  of  land  held  by  the  heirs  of  Roger  de  Brus ,  and  divers  others,  who held  the  fame  of  the  barons  Mowbray ,  but  paid  nothing  certain  to  the  king.  Peter  de  Brus granted  to  William  Fairfax  and  his  heirs,  nine  oxgangs  one  acre  and  three  perches  of  land with  tofts  and  crofts  in  Walton  of  the  fee  of  Mowbray ,  by  a  deed  without  date,  Henry  de Sexdecim  Vallibus  and  thirty  fix  other  being  witneffes;  he  was  mayor  of  Tork  in  the  time  of Hen.  III.  and  Thomas  Fairfax ,  the  fon  of  this  William ,  married  the  daughter  and  heirefs  of Henry  de  Sexdecim  Vallibus ,  or  Sezevaux. Through  this  traCt  of  ground,  as  John  Leland  firft  obferved,  run  the  great  Watling-flreet , or  Roman  road,  from  the  fouth  to  the  wall  now  called  HoDgntC.  It  crofted  the  Wharf  at  a place  called  St.  Helen’s-ford  ;  near  Walton,  where  was  a  chapel  in  Leland’s  time,  dedicated  to St.  Helen  the  mother  of  Conjlantine ,  but  now  gone.  But  of  this  I  have  faid  enough  in  ano¬ ther  place. Here  is  a  chapel  at  Walton  which  by  a  compofition  made  by  John  de  Waltham  facrift  of the  chapel  of  St.  Mary  and  holy  angels,  Tork ,  reftor  of  the  church  of  Thorpe  arch ,  appro¬ priated  to  the  faid  chapel,  on  one  part,  and  the  priorefs  and  convent  of  Monkton  on  the  o- ther,  for  right  of  chriftnings  and  burials  in  the  faid  chapel,  &V.  All  which  agreement  was confirmed  by  Walter  archbifhop  of  Tork ,  anno  1226  (p). The  pedigree  of  Fairfax  of  Walton ,  fince  created  vifeount  Emley  of  the  kingdom  of Ireland,  whofe  feat  is  now  at  Gilling-caflle  in  Rhidale,  fir  T.  IV.  has  given  in  this  man¬ ner  : (l)  Mon.Ang.  vol.I.  476. \m)  City  records. (»)  Sir  T.W. (0)  Torre ,  339. (p)  Sir  T.  IV.  Torre .  343.  In  this  chapel  at  H'alton feveral  of  the  Fairfax  family  have- been  buried,  but  on!  v this  epitaph  now  vilible: Here  lyes  the  body  of  Thomas  lord  vifeount  Fairfax,  who dyed  Sept.  24,  1641.  And  of  Alethea  his  mfe,  who dyed  the  2'  of  the  fame  month  1677. Thofe  who  read  this  pray  for  their  fouls. Temt). Chap.  IX. of  the  CITY  of  YORK. Temp.  Hen.  III.  William  Fairfax  of  Walton  had  Walton  from  Peter  Brus. Thomas  Fairfax  =  Ann  daughter  and  heir  of  Henry  de  Sexdectm Vallibus ,  or  Sezevaux.  Whole  arms  were cheque  or  and  azure ,  on  a  canton  of  the  fe- cond,  a  ftar  of  fix  points,  argent . William""  l'on  of  Thomas |  and  Anne, John  fon  of  William Thomas  fon  of  John William  fon  of  Thomas i Thomas  fon  of  William  —  Elizabeth  Etlon  (q)  ;  by  which  marridge I  Fairfax ,  though  long  after,  got  poffeffiori j  of  G  tiling-  Cajlle. William  =  Const ance  daughter  to  Peter  Mauley ,  or I  de  Malolacu ,  the  feventh  baron  of  that j  name. T HOM  AS Richard i William 1  hom  as  knight  of  the  Bath  Sir  Nicholas  Fairfax |  io  Hen.  VII. Thomas  fon  of  Thomas  died j  1 2  Hen.  VIII. Sir  Nicholas  Fairfax,  twice high-fheriff,  died  1 3  Fife. Sir  Thomas  Fairfax,  crea¬ ted  vifeount  Emley ,  high- fheriff  3  Car.  I.  died  1636. Thomas  vifeount  Emley  died |  1641. William  vifeount  Emley  died |  1648. Charles  vi fcou nt  Emley. The  honourable  Charles  Fairfax  of  Gilling ,  a  lineal  defendant  of  this  branch,  is the  prefent  poffeffor  of  Walton. Synn yngthwa  yte,  the  nunnery  of  Synnynlbwayte  was  founded  by  Bertram  Ha^et who  gave  thereunto  the  place  where  their  monaftery  flood,  which  was  confirmed  by  Roter de  Moubray  his  lord.  6 Befides  the  grants  of  lands  belonging  to  this  nunnery,  mentioned  in  the  MonafUcon  I have  feen  the  originals  of  feveral  donations  to  it  in  lands  lying  and  tenements  beino-’  in plton,  Monfotocll,  Cho?pc,  Wtinfim,  CliUmcfc,  JLoMjoufc,  tfiicalDclc?  li5cDdI, ton,  SCoriUmtfj,  jfarnljam,  ^OtQIT,  ®  fount,  and  ^cirmgton  5  all  in  Sr.  Mary's  cheft  at  fork. About  the  year  1200,  Geoffry ,  archbifhop  of  York,  took  thefe  nuns  into  his  prote<5lion, and  denounced  a  malediftion  againft  thofe  who  fiiould  dare  to  wrong  them,  and  a  bleffine to  their  benefactors.  ° knight  of  Rhodes. From  Guy  Fairfax,  fon  of  Richard , who  was  one  of  the  juftices  of  the  King' s- bench ,  temp.  Edw.  IV.  came William  Fairfax,  knight. Thomas  Fairfax  of  Denton,  knight. Thomas  Fairfax,  knight,  lord j  Fairfax. Ferdinavdo  Fairfax,  knight,  lord j  Fairfax. Thomas  Fairfax,  knight,  lord Fairfax * (  (] )  Barry  of  lix  argent  and  gules  on  a  canton  fable,  a rroliet  or,  Elton,  The  claim  ro  the  cattle  apd  eftate  at Gilling,  &c.  was  made  by  petition  to  the  king  in  chan¬ cery  from  Thomas  Fairfax  as  heir  to  Etton  7  Hen.VU. and  a  commiffion  was  ittued  out  to  enquire  into  his right,  and  was  given  tor  him.  The  whole  proceeding is  in  fir  T.  IV' s  manufciipt 3  96 Ainstv The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. A  CATALOGUE  of  the  PRIORESSES  of  Siny ngthwaite. A.  D.  Priqriffae. Vacat. 1312 1428 1444 1482 1489 I529 1534 Dom™  Margareta ....  jam  fenilis  et cepit. Dom™  Margareta  Hewyck. Agnes  Sheffield  common,  dom.  j Domna  .  .  .  .  de  Etton. Domna  Aliva  .... Dom”a  Margaret.  Banke. Domna  Alitia  Etton. Dom™  Eliz.  Squier. Dom ™  Anna  Goldefburg  com.  dom. Dom™  Katherina  Forfter  monialis  ibid. per  ??iort. per  mort. per  mort. per  refig. This  monaftcry  which  was  of the  Cifertian  order  had  (fcffyolt  for a  cell  to  it,  founded  by  Galfrid  the fon  of  Bertram  Haget. At  the  diflolution  the  nun¬ nery  of  Sinningthwaite  was  valued at  60 1.  9  s.  2  d. Efholt ,  which  Came  into  the  Shere- burn  family,  at  1 5/.  3 s.  of.  Dug. Scukirk,  or  rather  Scokirk ,  was  a  cell  to  the  prior  and  convent  of  Sc.  Ofwald&t  Hof  ell. King  Richard  II.  granted  to  them  free  warren  in  all  their  demefn  lands  there. Scuekirk  was  of  later  years  the  feat  of  fir  Thomas  Harrifon  knt. Tockwith,  alias  Todwick ,  was  in  the  pofieffion  of  William  de  Refs  and  Andrew  deKirk- bie ,  the  ninth  of  Edward  II.  It  was  alfo  the  lands  of  Rod.  Trujlut  w^'icli  was  divided  be¬ tween  his  three  fillers,  Rofe,  Hilaria,  and  Agatha.  The  priory  of  Sinningthwa.it  had  di¬ vers  lands  here.  And  there  was  a  chapel  in  the  wood  at  SCocktlUtlj,  which  was  given  to the  church  of  All- faints  at  $3>coktrk.  This  was  fometime  the  land  of  Brian  Danyel  of  Bil- ton  efq;  and  went  from  him  to  Snawfel.  The  lady  Petre  the  prefent  pofleflor. Monkton,  commonly  called  More-Munkton  to  diftinguifh  it  from  the  other,  had  fix carucates  of  land,  held  of  the  fee  of  Pagnef  of  which  John  de  Waleys  held  three  carucates at  the  rent  of  fix  pence  •,  and  the  abbot  of  St.  Mary  York ,  held  one  carucate  of  the  gift  of Philip  Filz  Ranulph  de  SponfetOIT  (r)- The  manor  of  Sponftton  fnc  le  £po?C  did  antiently  belong  to  the  fimilv  of  the  Ugblredsy for  the  twenty  eighth  of  Edward  I.  Robert  Ughtred  obtained  a  charter  for  free  warren  in all  his  demefn  lands  there.  The  ninth  of  Edward  II.  Thomas  de  Ughtred  was  lord  of  it. The  church  of  S^C^onhton  has  been  an  antient  redory  of  the  patronage  of  the  Ugh - treds  ;  from  whom  it  came  to  the  earls  of  Salifburyy  and  from  them  to  the  crown.  The king  has  prefented  ever  fince  Henry  VII. The  reftory  of  More-Monkton  is  valued  in  the  king’s  books.  /.  s.  d. Firfl  fruits  — —  — — -  -  -  —  16  19  02 Tenths  - -  -  -  - -  01  13  n Procurations  -  - -  -  -  00  07  06 Subfidies  -  -  - -  01  10  00 Sir  Henry  Sling/by  bart.  is  now  lord  of  the  manor  of  More-Monkton. Red  mouse  belongs  to  the  family  of  Slingfby  ;  fir  T.  W.  has  been  fo  particular  in  his defeription  of  this  place  and  name,  that  I  fhall  beg  leave  to  give  it  in  his  own  words,, “  Redlooufe  hath  been  of  late  a  feat  of  the  Slingjbys ,  fir  Henry  Slingfby  the  elder,  that «  laft  was,  having  built  a  fair  houfe  here.  But  Seriven  near  Knarefburgh  is  a  much “  more  antient  feat  of  this  family;  for  William  de  Slingfby  their  anceflor,  married  the  daugh- “  ter  and  heir  of  Thomas  de  Seriven ,  by  which  marriage  he  had  Seriven  and  many  other “  good  poffefiions.  He  had  alfo  the  office  of  forefler  of  the  forefts  and  parks  of  Knaref- “  burgh  ;  in  which  family  of  Seriven  that  office  had  antiently  been,  as  appears  by  an  inqui- “  fition  which  I  have  feen  taken  at  Knarefburgh  the  fecond  year  of  king  Edward ,  the  fon “  of  king  Edward.  Slingfby  by  this  marriage  became  heir  to  Thomas  de  Walkingham ,  whofe “  daughter  and  heir  Seriven  had  formerly  married.  One  of  the  ancedors  of  Slingfby  did “  alfo  marry  a  daughter  and  heir  of  William  de  Nefsfieldy  by  which  he  had  acceffion  alfo  of “  the  manors  of  Scotton ,  Brereton  and  Thorp  ;  touching  which  I  find  a  controverfy  between “  John  king  of  Caflile  and  Leon  duke  of  Lancafery  commonly  called  John  of  Gaunt ,  on  the “  one  part,  and  William  de  Gargrave  and  Hykedon  de  Slingfby ,  who  had  married  the  two  daugh- “  ters  and  heirs  of  William  de  Nefsfield  on  the  other  part.  The  duke  claimed  by  purchafe <e  from  Nefsfield,  and  the  two  heirs  by  an  entail.  This  controverfy  is  in  an  indenture  writ- “  ten  in  French ,  dated  July  26,  anno  1287,  a  copy  of  which  was  fhewn  me  by  Henry 46  Slingfby  of  Kippax  efq;  the  fon  and  heir  of  fir  William  Slingfby ,  who  was  a  younger  fon <£  of  this  family.  The  controverfy  is  by  that  indenture  referred  to  twelve  of  the  bed  knights “  and  efquires  of  the  county  of  York  near  Scotton. Thus  far  fir  T.  and  I  have  no  more  to  add,  but  that  Redhoufe  has  continued  to  be  one  of the  feats  ot  the  antient  and  honourable  family  of  Slingfby  to  this  time.  Sir  Henry (r)  Torre  369. Slingjby Chap. IX.  of  the  CITY  of  YORK. Slingfby  bare,  member  for  Knarejlorough ,  in  feveral  parliaments,  being  the  preient  poflclfor  A 1 of  it. Popleton,  both  land  and  water  Popplcton  as  they  are  diftinguiftied,  or  upper  and  lower, were  formerly  the  lands  of  the  abbot  of  St.  Mary  York ;  given  by  OJbern  de  Archis  to  this abbey,  almoft,  at  its  firft  inllitution  (s). (t)  In  South  Popplcton  were  lands  belonging  to  the  common  of  the  church  of  Tork ,  for  we find  an  agreement  made  betwixt  Thurfian  archbifliop  of  Tork  and  Godfrid  abbot  of  St.  Ma¬ ry’s, ,  touching  a  divifion  of  their  lands  in  poppltoil  in  this  manner,  that  the  abbey  hath  all that  town  of  popylfoit  which  contained  four  car ucates  of  land,  and  which  is  fituate  upon  the river  ^Dfcufe.  Alfo  two  carucates  and  half  of  land  in  the  other  pjpylfon,  fituate  on  the fouth  of  the  other  town.  And  the  church  or  prebend  of  Tork  hath  in  *3>outfj  poprlfoit  l'e- ven  carucates  and  half  of  land. Sir  T.  W.  writes  that  there  was  a  mayor  of  Tork  killed  at  Popylton  in  the  reign  of  king Richard  II,  as  he  conjectures  in  fome  controverfy  betwixt  the  abby  and  citizens,  mention being  made  of  this  faftamongft  the  records  of  the  tower  in  rolulo  Romano  ;  but  I  could  not upon  fearch  find  the  record  here  mentioned. Popleton  was  the  feat  of  Thomas  Hutton  efq;  a  defeendant  from  archbifliop  Hutton ,  by whom,  I  fuppofe,  it  came  from  the  church  to  that  family.  The  laft  Thomas  Hutton  efq; dying  unmarried,  this  eftate  was  left  amongft  his  relations,  of  whom  the  Dawfons,  of  Tork, are  the  chief. r  Catherton  was  formerly  the  lands  of  William  de  Catherton ,  which  he  held  of  William Kyme  lord  of  jjictuton  Sir  William  Catherton ,  gave  fome  part  of  it  to  the  mona- ftery  of  ifurnefij,  in  the  year  1256,  fortieth  of  Henry  III,  fays  fir  T.  W.  but  I  find  no mention  of  it  in  the  Monajlicon ,  the  prior  of  park  with  Henry  de  Cruce  were  lords of  Catlj0,2tf)0,2nc,  the  ninth  of  Edward  II.  (u)  Samuel  Brookjhank  efq;  the  preient  lord. Hagen  by,  this  was  antiently  the  lands  of  Hugh  Lelay ,  and  he  gave  the  fame  to  the monaflery  of  I^claglppatk  (x). O’)  Bicker  ton  was  formerly  the  lands  of  Alain  Walkingham ,  which  he  held  of  fir  Row¬ land  Quakin  knt.  and  he  had  free  warren  here. The  ninth  of  Edward  II.  it  was  in  the  pofteflion  of  Thomas  Gramarye ,  and  afterwards  I find  one  Andrew  le  Gramarye  was  owner  of  it.  John  Brough  efq;  of  Callhorpe ,  ratified  the eftate  and  pofteflion  of  Bryan  Rocliff ,  one  of  the  barons  of  the  exchequer,  fon  of  Joan  wife of  Guy  Rocliff,  filler  of  the  aforefaid  John  Brough,  in  the  manor  of  Callhorpe ,  with  the  ad- vowfon  of  the  church  there,  and  lands  in  Bickerton.  Colonel  Sidney  the  prefent  lord  of  this mano (z)'  Hessay  was  given  to  the  abbey  of  St.  Mary  Tork  by  OJbern  de  Archis ,  and  conti¬ nued  in  their  pofteflion  till  thediflolution.  Now  in  feveral  hands. Knap  ton,  was  the  lands  of  Alain  Breton  the  tenth  of  Edward  I.  and  afterwards  of  fir John  Mowbray  knight  of  Kirklington.  In  the  lift  of  the  lords  of  the  Ainjly  taken  the  ninth of  Edward  II.  I  found  Epifcopus  Cefirien.  put  down  as  owner  of  this  manor.  This  fur- prifed  me  as  well  knowing  that  the  bifhoprick  of  Chejler  was  founded  long  after  by  Hen¬ ry  VIII.  But  upon  better  information  I  find  the  bifhops  of  Litchfield  and  Coventry  wer: antiently  ftiled  epifeopi  Ccfirienfes  ;  as  feveral  of  our  monkifh  hiftorians  do  teftify.  Yet this  manor  of  Knapton  did  not  belong  to  that  fee  ;  but  was  the  private  property  of  Walter de  Langlon  (a)  then  bifhop.  A  family  of  great  antiquity  in  Tork. Peter  Johnfon  efquire  of  Tork  and  others  the  prefent  pofleflors. Acombe,  or  rather  Acham,  antiently  part  of  the  pofieflions  of  the  cathedral  church  of Tork,  and  was  annexed  to  the  treafurerlhip.  On  the  lubverfion  of  that  office  this  manor came  by  exchange  from  the  crown  to  the  archbifliop  ;  and  is  at  prefent  held  by  leafe  from the  fee.  1  he  vica ridge  is  a  peculiar,  and  confequently  not  taken  notice  of  in  Mr.  Torre’s diocefan  manuferipts,  though  that  induftrious  collector  has  left  a  particular  manufeript  of  pe¬ culiars,  at  prefent  in  the  pofteflion  of  the  dean  and  chapter,  which  I  have  not  had  an  oppor¬ tunity  to  infpeft. (b)  Dring-houses,  one  may  conjecture,  fays  fir  T.  W.  that  this  place  took  its  name from  the  tenure  by  which  the  lands  were  held.  In  the  book  of  Domefday  there  is  mention made  of  Drenches  or  Dranches,  which  are  conceived  to  be  the  free  tenure  of  a  manor;  and the  tenure  by  Dringage  or  Drainage,  adds  that  writer,  was  a  frequent  tenure  of  lands.  The ninth  ol  Edward  11,  John  Grey  was  lord  of  this  place;  afterwards  it  was  found  to  be  part of  the  lands  of  Alice  de  Aincourt  in  the  time  of  king  Henry  IY.  The  lite  of  the  capital  mef- (f)  Ex  original i.  M.  A. (f)  Torre.  Tork.  S.  M.p.  82 1 .ex  ngiflro  S.  Maviae.  Ebor. («)  City  records. (at)  Ex  carta  originali. O')  Sir  T.  Mr  city  records. (z)  Ex  originali. (a)  Thomas  de  Burgh  efchcator  doni.  regis  ultra  Tren- tam  r.  c.  de  exit,  manerii  tie  Knapton  quod  ftiit  Walteri de  Langeton  nuper  Covcnt.  et  Litchfeld.  epif  et  quod tenuit  dc  Galfrid.  Lutterel  fervicio  mitts  militis.  Rot. Pipe  16  Ed.  II.  B uttercrambe,  and  Baynton  manors belonged  alfo  to  him.  ripe  17  Ed. II. (b)  In  the  monajl.  mention  is  made  of  two  carucates of  land  given  to  the  priory  of  St.  Trinity  Ebor.  in  this place;  which  is  there  fpelt  3DrengetI)ircies,  but  whe¬ ther  corruptly  or  not  I  know  not.  M.A.  1,  564.  The Chants  and  ETcugcs  of  Northumberland  were  tal- lagcd,  &c .  Maddox’s  ex.  p.  483.  See  Cowtl’s  h.y/  dic¬ tionary. 5  *  faige. 4 398 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I. fuage,  or  manor-houfe,  called  &>renSt0Uft»$lU<  was  fold  to  Richard  Vavafor  the  tenth  of Elizabeth  from  the  crown.  Francis  Barlow  efquire  the  prefent  lord.  I  find  in  Mr.  Tho- rcfhs's  ducat  Leod.  this  place  is  (aid  to  be  in  the  poffeltion  of  Robert  Grey  the  twenty  third of  ■ Edward  I,  and  is  there  called  Srengdjotos  ;  it  came  to  this  family  of  Grey  from  Walter Grey  archbifliop.  Here  was  an  houfe  of  Lepers.  Damns  quam  leprofi  inhabitant  (c). At  Dringhoufes  I  end  my  general  furvey  of  the  Ainfty,  and  excepting  Holgate ,  an  incon- fiderable  village  near  the  city,  I  know  no  town  nor  feat  that  I  have  omitted.  What  elle remains  to  compleat  this  chapter  are  the  high  ways,  bridges,  (Sc.  the  former  of  which  will be  bed  underftood  by  the  map  of  this  dillrift.  Tadcafter  bridge  I  have  mentioned  to  be over  the  Wbarfe ,  which  has  likewife  two  ferries  upon  it  at  UJkelf  and  Nunappletm  before  it enters  the  Oufe.  Over  the  river  Nid  is  firft  the  ferry  at  Nun-Monklon ,  then  Skipbridge,  con¬ fiding  of  three  fpatious  arches,  with  a  noble  caufe-way  on  the  wed  fide  of  it  lately  made  at the  expence  of  the  Weft-riding.  The  like  work  is  now  begun  and  near  finifhed  on  the  eait fide  which  renders  the  paflage  over  this,  fometimes,  dangerous  river,  perfectly  fecure  at  all feafons.  The  caufe-way  from  the  bridge  to  the  end  of  Hcffay-moor,  is  three  Torhjhire  miles long,  and  John  Leland  in  his  itinerary  gives  the  following  defeription  of  it;  “thecaufeway “  by  Skyp-bridge  towards  Tarke  hath  nineteen  frnall  bridges  in  it,  for  avoiding  and  over- “  pafiinge  carres  dimming  out  of  the  mores  therby.  One  Blackburn  who  was  twys  mair  of “  Torke  made  this  cawfey ;  and  another  without  the  fuburb  of  Torke  (d).  Over  the  Nid is  alfo  Hamerton-bridge  and  CaUal-bridgr. In  the  midd  of  the  high  road,  betwixt  Dringhoufes  and  the  city,  dands  the  fatal  tripple tree,  being  the  gallows  for  the  execution  of  criminals  in  the  county  at  large.  This  being in  the  liberties  of  the  city,  mud  have  been  granted  from  them  to  the  county,  as  a  place very  proper,  from  its  fituation  in  the  mod  publick  high  road  about  us,  for  executions,  in terrorem  ;  before,  as  I  am  informed,  the  high  iheriff  caufed  this  tragical  affair  to  be  per¬ formed  within  the  precincts  of  the  cadle  of  Fork. Near  this  is  a  piece  of  ground  belonging  to  the  city  called  fjjobimo!!?.  How  long  it  has born  that  appellation  I  know  not,  but  the  padure-maders  of  Mickle-gate  ward  have  lately had  a  mind  to  perpetuate  it,  by  placing  an  old  datue  on  a  pededal,  and  putting  under  this infeription, This  ftatue  long  Hob’s  name  has  bore. Who  was  a  knight  in  days  of  yore. And  gave  this  common  to  the  poor. The  figure  is  no  more  than  that  of  a  knight  templar  of  the  family  of  Rofs,  as  appears  by his  fhield ;  and  it  was  very  probably  dragged  out  of  the  ruins  of  l'ome  of  our  demolifhed monaderies ;  and  from  a  fupine  has  had  the  honour  to  be  placed  in  an  ereft  podure,  with the  above  mentioned  memorable  infeription  under  it. On  the  other  fide  Tyburn  is  a  large  common  of  padure  which  has  been  of  old  called  Knatef- tmre,  now  Knaefmire.  Some  have  fancied  it  has  got  this  name  from  its  neighbourhood to  the  gallows,  which  is  a  mire  that  knaves  frequently  dick  fad  in.  But  antiently  this word  did  not  bear  that  opprobrious  fignification.  Knave,  from  the  Anglo-Saxon  cnapa, Belgick  Ijnapc,  and  the  Teut.  fcnab,  meant  formerly  a  menial  fervant,  or  very  poor  houfe- holder.  Mire  is  a  low  watery  piece  of  ground.  So  that  this  common  of  padure  had its  name  from  what  it  was  originally  defigned  for,  and  is  dill  intended,  viz.  for  the  bene¬ fit  of  the  poor  freemen  of  the  city  as  a  dray  for  what  cattle  they  can  put  upon  it.  This common  has  been  claimed  by  the  inhabitants  of  Middlethorpe ,  a  village  near  it ;  but  I  find an  agreement  betwixt  the  city  and  them  about  the  bounds  of  Unabcfntirc,  made  April  23, 1567,  the  ninth  of  Elizabeth,  wherein  it  is  dipulated,  that  the  hujbandholders  of  Middle¬ thorpe  [hall  have  three  cows  a  piece,  and  every  cottager  two  cows  and  no  mare  ;  nor  any  other cattle,  and  not  to  come  upon  the  pafture  before  the  city  cattle  be  brought  by  the  common  herd, and  they  to  fetch  them  off  with  their  herd  at  the  time  the  city  brings  off  theirs.  And  that  the  new caften  ditch  made  betwixt  the  city  and  Middlethorp  fhall  be  holden  and  kept  for  a  knowledge  of both  their  boundaries. One  part  of  this  agreement  lay  in  the  council-chamber  Oufe-bridge  in  the  ched  with  the common  feal.  This  piece  of  ground,  befides  being  a  common  to  the  city,  is  at  prefent made  ufe  of  for  an  annual  horfe  courfe.  And  though  the  ground  be  a  dead  flat,  and  in  ma¬ ny  places  very  moid,  yet  by  building  arches,  and  drainage  where  it  was  proper,  the  courie is  made  as  convenient  for  this  diverfion  as  is  requiflte.  The  form  of  the  race  being  like  a horfe  fhoe,  the  company  in  the  midd,  and  on  the  fcaffolds,  can  never  lofe  fight  of  the horles ;  for  all  which  reafons  this  piece  of  ground  has  acquired  the  reputation  of  being  one of  the  bed  horfecourfes  in  England. (c)  Thorejby's  due.  Leod.  p.  1 30. (d)  Leland.  it  in  v.  8. EBORA- CONTAINS  THE HISTORY OF  THE Cathedral  Church  of  I  OnK. WITH  THE Lives  of  the  Archbishops  of  that  SEE,  &c. ALSO,  THE Hijlory  of  the  Abbey  of  St.  Mary  in  that  City , From  the  Foundation  to  its  DiiTolution,  &c. WITH  THE APPENDIX  and  INDEX  to  both  VOLUMES. By  FRANCIS  DRAKE,  F.R.S. MDCCXXXVI. C  39 9  ] THE HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF  THE CHURCH  of  YOR%, BOOK  II. CHAP.  I. The  hdlory  of  the  metropoliucal  church  of  York  from  the  firfi mtrodu'dton  of  Chriftianity  into  the  northern  parti  of  this  tfland ; with  the  lives  of  the  Archbishops  of  that  fee ,  from  the year  dc  xxv.  to  the  prefent. SO  many  learned  authors  have  employed  their  pens  to  tranfmit  to  pofterity  the  mi- raculous  trails,  whereby  the  light  of  the  gofpel  firft  illuminated  this  ifle,  that  it would  be  vain  and  frivolous  in  me  to  attempt  it  •,  neither  fhall  I  attempt  any  de- fcription  of  the  religion  of  the  antient  Britons  but  leave  the  doftrines  of  their  Druids to  be  difcufied  by  the  doctors  of  the  chriftian  church.  Amongft  whom  the  inimitable VJher  hath  fhewn  us,  as  far  as  podible,  the  religion  and  rites  of  the  primary  inhabitants  of this  ifland,  in  their  naked  fimplicity  and  drefs.  Milton ,  with  others  of  his  (lamp,  hath taken  great  pains  to  deduc e  prieft-craft,  as  they  are  pleafed  to  term  it,  from  this  high  origi¬ nal  ( a).  By  quoting  authorities,  as  they  pretend,  to  prove  that  the  Druids ,  or  Britijh  priefts, never  communicated  any  thing  to  writing,  but  inftrufted  their  pupils  and  young  novices in  the  myfteries  of  their  religion  by  word  of  mouth  •,  with  the  ftriCteft  injunction  never  to difclofe  them  but  in  the  fame  manner,  for  fear  the  bigotted  populace  ftiould  deteft  the  cheat, and  pay  lefs  regard  to  their  fpiritual  directors.  It  is  certain  the  pagan  priefts  of  all  deno¬ minations  had  no  better  way  to  prevent  the  people  from  prying  into  and  exploding  their pretended  oracles  and  illufions ;  but  the  poor  illiterate  Britons  may  be  faid  to  have  been obliged  to  it,  if  they  were,  as  I  verily  believe  they  were,  intire  ftrangers  to  letters  till  the (a)  Introduction  to  Eng.  hid. I 4oo  the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. coming  of  the  Romans  amcngft  them.  Nothing  certain  either  by  tradition,  hiftory  or  an- tient  fame,  can  be  gathered  to  the  contrary  ;  for  thofe,  fuppofed,  Britijb  coins,  in  the  col¬ lections  of  the  curious,  are  as  difputable  as  any  other  marks  of  their  knowledge. ■*  In  this  profound  ftate  of  ignorance  did  Caefar  find  the  nations  inhabiting  Britain  ;  expert in  nothing  but  their  art  of  war,  which  their  own  homebred  divifions  had  Sufficiently  taught them.  As  uncommon  to  the  Romans  as  the  Romans  to  them.  The  entire  conqueft  which  the fucceeding  emperors  gained  over  the  natives  may  be  faid  to  have  paved  the  way  for  the  chri¬ flian  religion  to  follow  •,  which  laft  found  theeafier  pafiage  when  the  Roman  laws  and  man¬ ners  had  in  fome  meafure  civilized  the  native fiercenefs  of  thefe,  before,  untamed  ifianders. The  learned  churchmen  UJher,  Stilling  fleet,  &c.  have  not  wholly  rejected  the  hiftory  of the  firft  chriflian  king  Lucius ,  and  of  his  fending  over  ambafiadors  to  pope  Eleutherius  the fourteenth  bifhop  of  Rome ,  including  Peter  ;  defiring  fome  miffionaries  to  inftruct  him  in the  chriflian  religion.  That  the  Romans  fuffered  the  Britons  to  enjoy  a  fucceflion  of  their  own kings  may  be  proved  by  claflical  authority,  reges  in  Britannia  infirumenta  fervitutis ,  fays Tacitus,  kings  in  Britain  as  means  to  keep  the  people  flaves'*,  and  themfelves,  indeed,  were were  little  better.  So  Cofldunus,  Venutius,  Prafutagus,  &c.  are  named  by  Roman  authors on  the  fame  account  •,  yet,  fuppofe  this  Lucius,  his  embaffy,  and  the  return  of  two  mif¬ fionaries  to  inftruCt  him  true,  we  are  not  further  to  imagine  his  territories  fo  large,  or  his power  fo  great,  under  his  pagan  mafters,  as  to  conftitute  bifhops  and  epifcopal  fees ;  efpe- cially,  fays  an  author,  at  York,  the  then  imperial  city  of  Britain  (c). However  this,  it  is  plain  that  the  chriflian  religion  had  footing  in  Britain,  long  before the  days  of  Conflantine  the  great,  and  in  the  -fpaqe  of  little  above  a  century,  take  it  from the  time  that  authors  fuppofe  this  Lucius  lived,  to  Diocleflan’ s  perfecution,  had  gained  con- fiderable  ground  in  this  ifland.  Tertullian,  Origen ,  Gildas  and  Bede  Efficiently  atteft  the truth  of  this;  but  what  puts  the  matter  out  of  all  doubt  is  the  multitude  o {Britijh  martyrs that  fuffered  in  the  dreadful  perfecution  under  Dioclejian  and  Maximian  his  collegue. During  this  interval  the  church  could  not  be  without  teachers  and  preachers  of  the  word, and  even  higher  orders  of  priefthood,  as  bifhops,  fc.  But  who  they  were,  in  thofe  dan¬ gerous  times,  that  durfl  undertake  the  governance  of  a  religion,  invironed  with  fo  many mortal  enemies,  was,  no  doubt,  then  a  great  fecret,  but  mull  be  a  far  greater  now.  It was  then  the  nolo  epifeopari  took  its  rife,  and  continued  for  fome  ages  to  be  the  true  anjwer to  the  queftion  put  to  him  that  was  thought  proper  to  defend  the  church,  in  its  infancy, againft  the  ftrongeft  opponents;  and  even  to  die  for  it  upon  occafion.  The  Romans  had in  Britain ,  fay  our  (d)  Britijh  hiftorians,  twenty  eight  flamins,  and  three  archflamins.  Where there  were  flamins,  add  they,  bifhops  were  placed,  and  upon  the  archflamins,  archbilhops. The  fees  of  the  latter  are  faid  to  be  placed  at  London,  York ,  and  Carlcon  upon  UJk  in Wales .  Allow  the  truth  of  this,  and  it  is  no  fmall  honour  to  our  own,  for  the  firft  has changed  its  place,  the  laft  is  longlince  quite  extinCt,  York  only,  of  the  three,  continues,  as to  title,  in  its  primitive  ftate. CCCXIV  Whatever  was  the  cafe  of  the  fees,  we  muft  not  look  for  the  names  of  any  Britijh  bifhops till  Conflantine  the  great  fwayed  the  imperial  feepter.  This  emperor,  according  as  he  him- felf  (e)  writes  to  Chreflus  bifhop  of  Syracufe ,  fummoned  a  great  many  bifhops,  from  almoft infinite  places,  to  hear  the  caufe  of  the  Donatifls.  The  council  publifhed  at  Paris,  by  Jacobus Sirmondus,  and  fubferibed  by  all  or  moft  of  the  prelates  prefent,  carries  the  names  of  thefe three  from  Britain. Eborius  epifeopus  de  civitate  Eboracenfi,  provincia  Brit. Reftitutus  epifeopus  de  civitate  Londinenfi,  provincia  fuperfcripl a. Adelfius  epifeopus  de  civil,  col.  Londinenfium. The  difpute  lay  what  part  of  Britain  the  laft  bifhop  reprefented  ?  but  the  learned Dr.  Stillingfleet  has  expounded  it  thus,  “  the  two  firft  were  miffionaries  from  that  divifion “  of  the  ifland,  mentioned  to  be  made  by  Conflantine  the  great,  viz.  Maxima  Caefarienfis,  the “  capital  Eboracum  ;  Britannia  prima,  the  capital  Londinium  ;  and  Britannia  fecunda , “  civitas  Legionis  ad  Ifcam:  whence  ignorant  tranferibers  have  wrote  civitas  coloniae  Londi- <l  nenf.  for  what  muft  have  been  ex  civitate  col.  leg.  n.  being  the  known  ftation  of  that “  legion.”  But  to  proceed, (f)  This  Eborius,  fays  Burton ,  may  be  called  the  firft  bifhop  of  Eboracum,  though  nei¬ ther  mentioned  by  Stubbs  in  his  chronicle  of  the  bifhops  of  York ,  nor  Goodwin.  The  laft, however,  has  given  us  one  Taurinus,  placed  here,  as  he  fiiys  by  Conflantius  the  father  of Conflantine.  But  he  is  deceived  by  Harrifon  in  his  defcripiion  of  Britain,  and  both  from reading  a  corrupt  copy  of  Vmcentius  Bellucenfts\  where  you  have  Eboracenfis  mifprinted  for Ebroicenfls  in  Gallia.  Thefe  two  fees  have  been  frequently  miftaken  for  one  another  by  fe- veral  author?. In  the  fubferiptions  to  this  council  there  are  fome  things  to  be  obferved.  Firft,  that York  was  no  archbifhoprick  in  thofe  days  ;  though  moft  certainly  then  primate  of  all  Bri- (e)  Burton's  Ant.  uin.  (  e  )  Eufebii  hifl. (il)  Gildas,  Nennius,  Galf.  Mon.  See  Stillir.gfleet's  orig.  (/)  Burton's  itiu. on  this  head,  p.  77. tain. Chap.  I. of  the  CHURCH  a/ YORK, tarn  Nor,  as  our  proteftant  writers  affert,  was  then  Rome  itfelf ;  fince  when,  notwithftanding- ail  dignities  and  titles  have  flowed.  Our  Malmjbury  confeffes  it  was  not  known  where  the archbiihoprick  was  in  thofe  times.  Sylvefter  the  pope  in  the  fubfciptions  above,  allowing no  miftake,  is  ftyled  but  epifcopus.  And  long  after  this  when  Gregory  the  pope  writes  to uwT  (gh  !?ys  "'as  confecrated  archbilhop  of  the  Englijh  nation  by  Etherius archbiflrop  of  Arles ,  he  ftyles  him  no  more  than  plain  bifltop.  No  not  when  he  bellowed the  pat  upon  him,  and  gave  him  precedency  over  all  the  biibops  in  England. Ill  the  next  place  we  mull  take  notice  that  Ebor'ms  bifhop  of  Turk  precedes  Reflitutns  of London  in  the  iubfcription ;  where  the  primacy  remained  till  Auftin  tranflated  it  to  Canter¬ bury.  For,  fays  my  author,,  (b)  though  London  be  at  this  day,  and  hath  been  for  ma- „  nyaSes  th,e  chtefeft  city  in  Britain,  and  was  near  one  thoufand  three  hundred  years  aoo „  v/'m  °PPu,mn’  an  old  town,  and  commended  long  before  by  Tacitus  as  a  place  of  mat „  p’wrv  re,,ownfor  the ■  concourfe  of  merchants  and  provifions  of  all  things  neceffanl  yet „  P.P  Ser‘erms  an  excellent  fcholar,  and  a  writer  of  late  years,  proves  York  to  be  the ,«  me,‘roPolu  ot  th,e  diolc=re  of  Britain-,  not  only  bccaufe  it  was  a  Roman  colony «  *hlch  was  but  alfo  the  emperors  palace  and  praetorium,  tribunal  or  chief „  “/ft™?*'  whence  k  was  called>  by  way  of  priority,  or  eminence,  Ci- vitas  by  Roman  hiftorians. rt  bas  taken  no  fmall  pains  to  contradift  the  former  alTertion  ;  and  prove head  SlyJ  T  o'  ^etr0P.0!is,  of  **  Roman  government  in  Britain,  as  well  as  the head  of  the  Bntijh  church.  But  with  humble  fubmiffion  to  that  fupereminent  writer,  who whkh -  iffc  T  t,“°p,n.l0n>  noJmg  ,s  eafyasto  contradift  the  arguments  he  brings  ; bren  thought  otf  b“n  ^  mftead  of  Pml’!>  would>  1  perfuaded,  never  have with  telling  us  that  the  fuperiority  of  One  metropolis  over  another  depended on  the  refidence  ol  the  Roman  governour,  the  vicarius  Britannianm  •;  who,-  bcin°-  a  civil ofhcer,  wherever  he  refided  the  reft  were  fummoned  to  attend  upon  extraordinary  occafions at  his  cmventus-,  which  made  that  place  the  metropolis  of  the  whole  province  of  Britain i  taxe  it  that  the  Dux  Bntanmarum  as  the  emperor’s  immediate  reprefentarive  was  the  chief officer  m  the  province;  but  allow  the  former,  and  the  doftor  does  not  tell  us;  by  anyau ^A  V,Car-Senera’  rcflded  Ynim-  He  niys  indeed  that  ils  admirable  futta- twn-f or  trade  and  commerce  made  it  remarkable  in  thofe  days  ;  but  does  this  prOve  it  the  ctDi tal  op  Britain,  when  it  never  was  fo  much  as  called  a  city  by  the  Roman  hiftorians?  By  the fituation  of  York  it  mull  be  allowed  to  be  the  propereft  refidence  for  the  emperor’s  immediate leprefentativc  ;  fince  we  well  know  that  they  themfelves  chofe  it  when  in  the  ifland  And tho  the  doftor  fays  this  was  becaule  that  they  might  be  nearer  th  c  Pitts  and  Scots  in  cafe  of  an theTnTH  °r  “  fend  °rder,S  fr°m  m  0me  °f  War  ’  yet  Tork  bein§  Placed  ncjr  the  centre  of the ‘(land  in  a  country  newly  conquered,  and  very  hardly  brooking  Roman  flavbry,  muftbe allowed- the  moll  commodious  for  obferving  every  part  ;■  that  they  might'  fend  timely  fuc- cour  to  flop  each  revolt  at  its  firft  appearance.  We  have'  Roman  authority  for  chills  pa-1 latum  imperatoris,  praetorium,  &c.  the  doftor’s  whole  ftreTs  lies  upon  the  title  Amffial il- ied  fo  by  one  (ingle  author,  which  might  allude  to  the  pride  which  towns  of  fuck  great yade  and  commerce  by  an  affluence  of  riches  and  vanities  from  abroad  arc  but  too  fubieft to  import  along  with  them  -  Alter  all,  where  ffiould  a  fucceffor  of  the  great  PapimaJ  fit to  give  judgment,  but  in  the  fame  Praetorium that  he  did? For  London’s  being  foie  metropolitan  of  the  BrMfh  church -it  is  as  impoffiblb  as ’the fink'd  rYf ' ~  dlVlfion  £h=  c*Pire  b7  Cmfiantine,  the  largeft  (hare  of  this  ifland,  by far,  had  York tor  its  capital.  W  hence  this  diftnft  was  called  in  the  fnperlarivc  decree  Wxl ma  Caefanenfis  It  was  for  this  reafon,  no  doubt,  that  the  bifhop  whom  thf  effipS “  ”  ,attend  £hCC0U"C,!  at  f^^York,  byway  of  fuperemWen'cy  figrieTfiS A  man  that  knows  this  and  yet  affects  to  the  contrary,  as  the  doftor  ddes,  nu,ft  Inve t0  rupp°“  hk"pini0n  5  in  the  mean  1  ftail kPr'Hreyl\"‘'  T  hij  -“Ipeofthearchbilhops  of  York,  mentions  SamfpJbL  by  others Sanxo,  to  be  placed  here  by  king  Lucius,  as  firft  archbilhop.  Whether 'tlieH- 4  ---  ;,?!? fuch.a  man  is  very  uncertain,  however  odr  aheeftors  thought  fit  fo’cohfera  r"fhUrff tmXmc  ’  Wn  1  bdieVe  15  the  onIy'°,ie  in  name.  H in  thofe  tempeftuous  times  was  called  Yadiotus.  We  have  a  "cmfiatf'i  '-  a 'the' doftor  -'  bttlv of  two  more,  mz.  Yatmmts  and  Pyrannus,  of  all'  the  reft  no  name  nor  mention  is’ fo  be' met  vvidi  amongft  all  writers  whatfoever  (ky.  /  vt'.  , It  is  certain  the  bilhops  of  thofe  days  were  not  fuch  corifidera’ble  men  as  to  d-ferVe  biffirf' taken  notice  of.  At  the  council  above  they  were  provided  for  at  the  emoe-or’s  coll  -  ah3' perhaps  little  better  dL  thofe  inJB  bifhops  whom  .*1’  Bre- Zlkh  cols  and  ■  r‘  y'  aSdr  f'urn  T  of  which  W1S  m>  wore'  ihan  tftve tch  cows  ,  and  in  cafe  any  one  of  them  became  dry,  their pariJhiMers  Were  obliged  iofnd  them (<?)  Epift.  ad  Aug.  in  hijl.  Bcdae. (h)  Burton, (i)  Stilling  fleet's  orig^  [acr. (ft)  Heflin's  church  hiftorv. 5  K  '  ' another. 40 1 40  2. A  DCXX. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BooitH. another.  Ammiamis  Mured,  an  heathen  hiltoiian,  gives  this  account  of  the  poor  country bifhops  in  Italy  in  his  time,  (l )  wbofe  {fare  diet  and  mojl  abftemmis  drinking,  their  efts  ta/l  tn the  ground ,  the  meannefs  of  their  apparel ,  eve r  fe eking  God  and  his  true  adorers,  are  refpflleil as  good  and  meek  men.  Whether  any  in  thefe  days  would  take  this  venerable  thafafter  and paftoral  care  under  luch  fevere,  but  primitive,  relfribtions  is  foreign  to  thele  my  enquiries. From  what  is  faid  before  may  be  eafily  conjectured  thac  chriftjanity  was  nq[  only  plant* ed  but  in  a  thriving  condition  in  this  ifland,  betore  the  departure  of  the  Romm  ,  and  it is  very  probable  that  the  antient  Britijh  religion  was  entirely  abolilhed  before  jh?  arrival of  the  Saxons.  But  here  a  dreadful  change  enfued.  Qildas  aqd  Bede  aferibe  the  calamities that  befel  the  nation  at  this  junfture  to  the  profligate  lives  of  both  clergy  and  laity,  who, fay  they  ftrove  to  opt  do  one  another  in  all  manner  of  wickednefs  and  vice.  Alter  the Britons  had  been  mod  miferably  harraffed  by  the  Pitts  and  Scots,  the  5««t  were  called in  to  their  affiftance,  who  of  friends  became  their  deeped  and  crue|led  enemies.  And,  as is  (hewn  in  another  place,  never  left  till  they  had  utterly  deprived  the  poof  gfiftus  of  all their  poffefiions  in  the  ifland,  Wales  and  Cornwall  excepted.  feift,  who  was  himfejt  a Saxon  and  therefore  cannot  be  fuppofed  to  exaggerate  thy  cruelties  ol  his  countrymen,  ex- preffes  himfelf  thus,  by  the  hands  of  the  Saxons  <t  fire  was  lighted  up  m  Bkitain,  tha* ferved  to  put  in  execution  the  juft  vengeance  of  God  agaiift  the  twW  Britons,  he  bi/tl  for¬ merly  burned  Jerufalem  by  the  Chaldeans.  I  he  iftand  was  ft  ravaged  by  the  conquerors,  or rather  by  the  hand  of  God,  making  uft  of  them  as  inftntments,  that  there  fismid  to  be  q  cammed flame  from  fea  tofea,  which  burned  uf  the  cities  and  ‘™cred  the  face  of  the  whole  ijfl.  Pub- lick  and  private  devotions  fell  in  one  common  rum.  Tbepnefts  were  murdered  on  the  altars  ;  the hifhop  with  his  flock  perifhed  by  fire  anfl  f  word ,  without  any  diftinthon  ;  no  one  daring  to  give  their flattered  corps  an  honourable  burial.  This  terrible  catadrophe  may  ferve  to  (hut  up  the  .ama account  I  have  given  of  the  Britijh  church  and  Britijh  bifhops  to  this  period  of  time. The  Saxons  being  now  entire  lords  and  readers  over  England ,  and  the  ifland  divided  tnto an  Heptarchy,  the  chridian  religion  was  every  where  torn  up  and  abolilhed  by  thefe  pagan invaders  ;  and  their  own  idols  and  way  of  worlhip  eltablidied.  Edwin,  (urnamed  the  greats was  king  of  Northumberland,  whofy  chief  refidence  was  at  fork.  Chridiamty  had  again juft  raifed  its  head  in  the  fouthern  parts,  for  Ethelbert  king  of  Kent  was  convent, d  ypjlm. But  the  occalion  of  this  father’s  miflion  from  Gregory  bilhop  ot  Rome,  to,  convert  the  k»gm nation  wps  by  an  accident  affefting  our  northern  parts;  and,  though  olteo  fold,  JM  row  be inferred  to  introduce  thefequel.  , (m)  It  happened  at  fame  time,  as  it  often  doth,  fays  the  Saxon  homily,  luafJomK.  nglilh  mer¬ chants  brought  their  merchandizes  to  Rome,  and  Gregory  faffing  along  theftreet  toting  a  view, of  the  En^lifhmen’j^-w^,  he  there  beheld,  amongfi  their  merchandises,  fames  fet  out  tfi-f&Ai They  were  while  complexioned ,  and  of  pleafmg  countenance,  having  noble  heads  of  lamp.  Grer gory,  when  he  few  the  beauty  of  the  young  men,  enquired  from  wbcfl  country,  they  were  mugist., and  the  men  faid  from  England,  and  that  all  the  men  in  that  country  wer-eqs  beautiful  Then, Gregory  afked  whether  the  men  of  that  land  were  chriftians  or.  heathens,  and  the  men  J aid  unto, him  they  were  heathens.  Gregory  then  fetching,  a  long  figh  from.  tbt  bottom  of  his  heart:  fva% alafs!  alafs !  that  men  of  fo  fair  a  completion  fhould  be  fubje£t  to  the  prince,  of  darknef.  lifter that  Gregory  enquired  hpw  they  called  the  nation  from  whence  they,  came ,  to  which  he- -t^s  ath fwered  that  they  were  called  Angli,  (which  is  Engl\ih)then  Jiudhc,  rightly  they  are  cqi.cd  Anglj* becaufe  they  have  the  beauty  of  angels ,  and  therefore  it  is  very  ft-  that  they  Jhoulf  be  the  compar nions  of  angels  in  heaven.  Yet  fill  Gregory  enquired  what,  the  frire  mas  mu*  from  which  the young  men  were  brought ,  and  it  was  told  him  that  the  men  of  that,  fhire  were  calfii  Peiri.  Gre¬ gory  faid  well  they  are  called  Deiri,  becaufe  they  are  delivered  from  the-  wm\h  of  God,  de  ira Dei,  and  called  to  the  mercy  of  Chrift.  Yet  again  he,  enquired  what  was.  the  name  of  the  king of  that  province ,  he  was  anfwercd  that  the  king's. name  was  Alla,  wherefore  Gregory,  playing upon  the  words  in  allufwn  to  the  name ,  faid ,  it.  is  fit  that  Hallelujah  be  Jung  m  that  land  to  /fe praife  of  the  almighty  creator .  _f„  ,  n  •  r  , I  have  chofe  to  give  the  reader  the  celebrated  Mrs.  Eljlob  s  literal  tranflatioo  of  the  an- tient  Saxon  homily,  that  he  might  haye  this  odd  ftory  as  near  as  poffible  in  its  genu;ne drefs.  And  it  is  certain  that  the  Northumbrians  had  at  that  tippe.  a  cuftqm,  which  copti- nued  fome  ages  after,  of  felling  their  children  fora  fmalj  value  into  foreign  lands.  Wha.t followed  was  that  Gregory  immediately  applied  to  Palagius  II.  the  thep  pope  tp  be;lenc a  miflionary  in  order  to  convert  thefe  inlanders  to  the  chriftiaa  faith.  The.  pope  conferred, but  the  inhabitants  of  Rome  would  not  fuffep  fo  learned  a  doftor  to  leave  them  and  un¬ dertake  fo  dangerous  an  affair.  Whilft  this  was  in  agitation  the  pope  dies,  and  regory was  unanimoufly  elected  into  the  chair.  Who  having  Hill  the  converfion  of  the  hafPPf,  at heart,  engaged  fix  learned  priefts  to  undertake  the  miflion.  Their  names  were  AugufUnuu Mellitus ,  Laurentius,  Petrus ,  Johannes  and  JuJlus.  But  the  ftory  of  Auftm  s  converting Ethelbert  king  of  Kent,  and  the  fuccefs  the  reft  met  with  is  foreign  to. my  fubject  •,  ancf  l have  barely  mentioned  it  only  as  introductory  to  what  follows. (1)  Sues  tenuitas  e.lendi  ptandiqut  panijfime,  vilitas  et  zerecundts.  Ammian.  Mar. t tiam  Jndumentorum,  tt  fitpereilu  bttmum  fpectantia  perpe-  (m)  Mrs.  Eljlob's  Saxon  horn:.-. trie  numini  zerifque  ejus  inltorilui,  <*  puroi  commend  a  font Aujlifl Chap. I.  of  the  CHURCH,  of  YORK.  403 Auftin  having  fent  an  account  of  his  fuccefs  to  Gregory  he  immediately  orders  him,  in a  {n)  letter  to  that  purpofe,  toeredt  epiicopal  fees  in  leveral  places-,  and  particularly  men¬ tions  York,  where  was  to  be  a  metropolitan  with  twelve  fufffagans.  And  to  do  the  fame by  London.  The  reafon  of  this  preference  in  regard  to  York ,  fays  a  modern  (o)  author, was,  becaule  it  had  formerly,  even  under  the  Romans ,  been  an  arehbifhopriek  as  well  as London  and  Caerleon ;  which  laft  place  being  in  the  hands  of  the  banilhed  Britons  who  de¬ nied  Auftin' s  authority,  Gregory's  intent  was  to  reftore  things,  as  far  as  poffible,  to  their former  ftate.  Here  it  was  the  church  of  York  loll  the  precedency  over  all  the  Britiftj  chur¬ ches  for  Aujtin  perceiving  he  could  not  have  the  fuperiority  over  2ork,  vvhilll  the  other  arch- bifhoprick  continued  at  London ,  got  it  removed  to  Canterbury ,  the  metropolis  of  the  Kentijb kingdom.  And  had  granted  to  him  by  the  fpecial  favour  of  the  pope,  not  only  to  have the  jurifdidtion  over  York  and  London ,  but  over  all  the  reft  of  the  bifhops  in  Britain.  This however  was  but  for  his  life-,  yet  the  Northumbrians  not  receiving  the  gofpel  as  foon  as that  pope  expedted,  and  again  delerting  the  faith  after  Paulinus  was  driven  out,  the  conti¬ nual  troubles  they  were  in  hindred  the  Erft  bifhops  of  this  fee  from  taking  advantage  of Gregory's  farther  regulation,  (p)  Which  was  that  Canterbury  and  York  fhould  be  both  arch- bifhop’s  fees,  and  that  the  eldeft  confecrated  fhould  always  prefide.  But  continuing  un¬ executed  Theodore  archbifhop  of  Canterbury  took  advantage  of  the  remiflion,  and  became pofleffed  of  all  the  authority,  as  well*  over  the  northern,  as  fouthern  churches;  Thus,  his fuccefTors,  making  him  their  precedent,  lay  claim  to  the  primacy  of  (ill  England ,  exclufive of  the  archbilhop  of  York  -,  which,  however*  as  the  reader  will  find  in  the  fequel,  they have  not  had  indifputable  pofteflion  of. Paulinus,  jirji  archbifhop. At  this  time  Edwin  the  great  fwayed  the  Englijh  feepter,  as  foie  monarch  of  Engli/hmen  *,  A.DCXXV. the  reft  of  the  kings  being  tributary  to  him  and  little  regarded.  But  to  ftrengthen  him- felf  the  better  he  fought  to  take  to  wife  EtheUntrga  filter  to  Ebald  king  of  Kent ,  the  mi°htieft monarch  next  himfelf,  in  the  ifland.  This  lady,  as  well  as  her  brother  were  zealous  Chri- jtians  -,  and  fhe  would  not  content  to  marry,  even  fo  great  a>  monarch  ,  without  fhe might  have  the  free  exercite  of  her  religion.  This*  though*  thought  hard  by  her  lover,  was contented  to  -,  the  many  accomplifhments  that  lady  is  laid  to  be  po  fluffed  of  were  attractions- too  ftrong  to  be  refilled.  Matters  being  fettled  betwixt  all  parties,.  Ethelburga  fet  for¬ wards  from  her  brother’s  court  towards  Northumberland,  with  a*  magnificent- retinue  -,  amongft whom  were  fome  churchmen,  particularly  Paulinus ,  who  had  been1  confecrated  archbifhop of  York,  or  Northumberland,  by  juftus  archbifhop  of  Canterbury  (q). The  feeders  and  deriders  of  the  Chriftian  religion  will  he-re  fay  that  there-  could'  not  be a  more  taking  embaflay  invented,  than  to  fend  a  fine  lady  and  a'  fubtle  ^ric-ft  ori  the  er¬ rand  to  catch  a  young  and  amourous  king,  But  the  talk  Was  harder  tliari  was  imagined. Edwin,  though  uxorious  to  the  laft  degree,  could- not  be  prevailed  upon,  by  ariy  endear¬ ments,  to  forfake  the  religion  and  worfhip  Of  his  anceftors.  Amd  though  Paulinus  had, according  to  articles,  free  liberty  to  preach,  yet  in  the  fpace  of  ayear  little  or  rio  progrefs was  made  ;  but  he  continued  bifhop  without  a  flock  in  his  diocefe. (r)  But  an  accident  and  a  miracle  coming  clofe  together,  ftaggered  the  kino's-  reten¬ tions,  and  at  length  converted  him.  The  accident  has  been  recited  in  the  anrials  of  this work,  of  Edwin's  being  afiaulted  by  d  villain  at  his  country  feat  near  York,-  arid  narrowly elca pi n g . a flaifinaci on .  Paulinus  being  at  court,  ran  immediately  at  the  firfl  alarm  this  acci¬ dent,  made,  and  finding  the  king  in  a  great  rage  againft  the  king  of  Weft  ft X,  for  fending the  ruffian  to  deftroy  him,  told  him  that  God  to  whom  fuch  wretches  Were  all  abomination would  not  fail  to  punifh  fo  horrid  a  villany.  Edwin,  breathing  nothing  but  revenge*  pro- mited  at  the  fame  time  to  renounce  idolatry,  if  the  God  of  the  chriftians  would-  avenge him  of  his  enemy.  In  this  very  inftant  news  was  brought  him  that  the  queen,  after  a  dif¬ ficult  labour,  was  delivered  of  a  princefs ;  for  which  Edwin  returned  diari ks  to  his  gods. But  Paulinus  was  in  extafy,  for  having  been  in  no  final]  fears  for  the  queen’s  life,  on  which all  his  hopes  depended,  he  fell  down  on  his  knees,  and  with  great  ardour  thanked  God  for' her  fa fe  deliverance.  The  prelate’s  zeal,  no  way  feigned,  was  fo  pleafing  to  the  kino-  and begot  in  him  fo  favourable  opinion  of  the  chriftian  religion,  that  he  immediately  contented Paulinus  fhould  baptize  the  new-born  infant.  Thenew  born  princefs  Was  named  Anfteda, (n)  Greg  epift.  Bede  l.  1.  c.  29. ( 0)  Rapin. (p)  Sit  vero  inter  Londoniae  et  Eboracae  civitati*  epif. copos  in  pofterum  honoris  ifta  diftinftio,  ut  ipfe  prius  habea- tur  qtti  prius  f ner at  ordinatus,  See.  Epif.  Greg.  Bede.  The bull  of  pope  Alexander  losg  after  this  confirms  it  in thete  words,  Alexander  papa .  Antequarn  Eboracenfis  ec- flejiae  dignitatem  integram  confervari  auclore  domini  ettpi- entes,-  ct  praedecejforum  nojlrorum  f elicit  memoriae  Calixti, Honorii,  Innocentii,  ;Eugenii,  Romanorum  pontiftcum veftigiis  inhaerentes,  anttoritat-e  apoflolica  prohibemus .  ne am  Cantuavienfis  archiepifeopus  ab  Eboracenfi  profeftjonem quamlibet  exigat,  nut  Eborucenlis  Cantuarienli  exhibe.it, neque,  quod  penitus  a  beato  Gregorio  prohibitum  eft,  ttllo modi  Eboraceiifis  Cantuarienlis  ditioni  fubjaceat,  fed  juxta ejufdem  patris  conflituxionerA;  ifta  inter  eos  honoris  diftinHit conferxetur,  ut  prior  habeatur  qui  prius  fuerit  ordinattts. Rad.  de  Diceto. (q)  NojtfShynibpum  To  biycope,  hoc  anno  Julius  i»r- chiepifcopus  confecravit  Paulinum  in  archiepifeopum  Nor- thynlbrorum.  Saxoa,  annal. (r)  Bede  . and 4c4  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. A-  DCXXvi.and  was  the  firft  that  received  baptifm  in  the  Northumbrian  kingdom-,  though  eleven  of the  queen’s  female  fervants  were  at  the  fame  time  chriftned  with  her  (s). Alter  this,  Edwin  let  not  his  refentment  deep,  but  raifing  an  army  overthrew  the  kincr ot  IVeftfei v,  forced  him  to  fue  for  and  accept  of  peace  on  his  own  terms,  and  returned  vi¬ ctorious  to  his  queen  at  York.  But  Edwin ,  no  ways  mindful  of  the  vow  he  had  made, continued  an  idolater,  notwithftanding  the  queen  and  bilhop  took  all  opportunities  to  re¬ mind  him  of  his  l'olemn  promile,  and  urged  home  the  confequence  of  breaking  it.  Stag¬ gered,  but  not  convinced,  he  remained  doubtful  fome  time;  till  one  day  as  he  fat  mufing alone,  ftys  Bede,  ol  thefe  things  in  his  ftudy,  the  bilhop  entered,  and  laying  his  right-hand on  his  head,  alked  if  he  knew  that  token  ?  Edwin  fell  down  at  his  feet,  acknowledged  the lign,  laid  he  was  fully  latisfied  and  ready  to  receive  the  chriftian  faith.  The  ceremony  of baptifm  was  performed  by  Paulinus  in  the  city  of  York ,  on  Eafier-day,  April  12,  626  ;  the whole  court  with  a  multitude  of  the  commons  attending. The  itory  of  thefign  is  copied  from  venerable  (t)  Bede  by  molt  authors  that  have  treated on  this  fubjed,  and  therefore  unneceffary  here.  But  I  find  before  any  open  declaration  came from  the  king  about  changing  his  religion,  he  had  taken  care  to  found  his  own  high-prieft on  that  head.  Who  wifely  guefting  at  the  king’s  intentions  by  his  arguments,  jumped  in with  him  and  ftruck  the  firft  ftroke  at  idolifm  himfelf.  For  (it)  immediately  he  rode  to the  famous  pagan  temple  at  Godmondbam,  threw  a  lpear  at  the  chief  idol,  and  burned  it with  the  reft  and  the  temple  to  the  ground  (x). Thus  fell paganifm  in  the  north  of  England.  Paulinus  was  now  folemnly  inftalled  by  the king  in  the  archiepifcopal  chair  -,  and  upon  that  news  pope  Honorius  fent  him  the  long  de- figned  pall ,  with  letters  of  congratulation  and  advice  to  Edwin.  Confirming  Gregory's,  de- fign  about  the  two  metropolitan  fees  ;  which  was  that  when  either  of  the  archbifhops  died, the  furvivor  fhould  confecrate  a  fuccefior,  that  they  might  not  have  the  trouble  or  danger of  going  to  Rome  for  it. Regis  ad  exetnplum  totus  componitur  orbis. A.DCXXVI1  The  Northumbrians ,  following  the  example  of  their  monarch,  came  in  by  thoufands  at a  time;  and  found  the  archbifhop  work  enough  to  baptize  and  inftrudl  the  new  converts. In  every  river  that  he  travailed  by  multitudes  had  the  flicred  laver  from  his  hands.  In  one day  he  is  foid  to  have  baptized  ten  thoufand  in  the  (y)  river  Swale  in  this  county.  Gerva - Jius  inadt.pont.  Cant,  makes  St.  Aujlin  the  baptizer  of  this  multitude ;  from  whom  feveral others  have  copied  ;  but  the  error  is  refuted  by  Mr.  Smithy  in  his  notes  on  Bede.  That father  having  been  dead  fome  years  before  this  time;  For  fix  years  together  did  our  holy prelate  continue  his  fpiritual  fun<5lion  with  vaft  fatigue  ;  when  a  new  and  unforefeen  accident fpoiled  all  his  harveft,  overthrowed  his  plantations,  and  made  the  painful  hulbandman  to  de- fert  his  flock  and  feek  fhelter  in  another  country. _  Edwin ,  under  whofe  protection  and  encouragement  the  chriftian  religion  mightily  flou- A  rifhed,  had  many  enemies  who  maligned  his  greatnefs.  Amongft  whom  Cadw'allo  the  Weljh DCXXXlII.  king’  ar*d  Penda  king  of  the  Mercians ,  conjoining,  came  upon  his  territories,  and  at  Hat¬ field  overthrew  Edwin's  army,  flew  himfelf,  and  afterwards  laid  his  whole  kingdom  in a  Ikes.  Our  pious  bifhop  had  juft  time  enough  to  embark  in  a  fhip,  from  off  the  eaftern ccaft,  with  the  queen  and  her  children,  and  failed  into'AV;;/  ;  where  they  were  all  joyfully received  by  her  brother  king  Ebald ,  and  Honorius  archbifhop  of  that' country. During  thefe  calamities  neither  prieft  nor  deacon  had  the  courage  to  preach  the  gofpel in  Northumberland.  James  the  deacon,  whom  Paulinus  had  left  at  York ,  was  by  no  means able  to  ftop  the  general  revolt.  Paulinus  continued  in  Kent ,  where  the  church  of  Rochefier wanting  a  paftor,  he  was  prevailed  upon  by  the  pope  and  king  to  undertake  it.  Flere A.  DCXLIv.he  continued  for  feveral  years,  dying  Oftober  10,  644;  and  was  buried  at  Rochefier. Bede  wiites  that  Paulinus  preached  the  word  of  God  in  the  province  of  Lincoln ,  on  the fouth  fide  ol  the  Humber.  Reconverted  the  governour  of  Lincoln  city ,  with  all  his  houfe to  the  faith  ;  and  built  a  church  of  ftone  of  admirable  workmanfhip  in  the  fame.  Whofe covering,  adds  he,  being  by  long  negleft,  or  on  purpofe,  thrown  down,  the  walls  of  it continue  to  this  day.  The  fame. author  gives  this  defeription  of  the  perfon  of  our  prelate, Mat  he  was  a  man  of  a  tall  fiature ,  a  little  ftooping ,  his  nofe  thin  and  hocked ,  lean  faced  and black  haired ,  of  a  countenance  terrible  enough ,  but  very  reverend.  If  the  reader  would  fee more  of  the  life  of  this  our  primitive  prelate  he  may  find  it  at  large  m  les  vies  des faintes  par ( s)  Cum  ur.dccem  nliis  foeminis  de  familia  reginae.  Bede. ( t)  Bede.  Stubbs  a El.  pom.  Ebor. ( 11 )  Coifv  .intern  pout  if  ex  accept  0  a  rege  equo  emijfario, cum  pom  fa  idolorttm  non  liceret  nifi  fupcr  eqtiam  equitare, correpteque  gladio  et  lancex,  quod  etiam  non  licebat  aras quas  ipie  facravcrat  fuccendit  cunclis  vider.tibus  et  dejlruxit. Ojlendittir  autem locus  idolorttm  non  longeab  Eboraco  ad  ori- entem  ultra  amttem  de  Derwent,  et  vocatus  hodie  Godmun- dingham,  i.e.  idolorum  domus.  Bede. ( x)  'Aras  quas  ipfe  facravcrat,  fo  Bede  in  another  place has  caeco  carpitur  igni,  this  flicws  that  the  monks  were not  unacquainted  with  the  c\afftcks  in  thofe  days.  God- mundingaham,  now  Godmundhpm,  a  village  near  Weight  on, fignifies  a  houie  of  gods. (y)  Tradition  tells  us  that  this  ceremony  was  per¬ formed  in  the  river  Ssvale  nigh  Helptrbf  s  which  town's name  isfaid  to  bear  fome  alluiion  to  it.  Paulinus  preaching here  to  the  multitude,  was  afked  by  them  what  way  they fhould  attain  to  that  falvation  he  l'poke  of  r  he  anlwcr- ed,  there  is  l^clp-lwrU-bl’,  meaning  the  river  where he  immediately  conduftcd  them.  This  ftory,  however ridiculous  it  may  found  to  fome,  is  frefh  in  the  mouths of  the  country  people  thereabouts  at  this  day. monfieur Chap.  I.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK. monfieur  Bail  let.  Ottober  io.  was  the  day  affigned,  in  the  'Englifh  calendar*  for  the  annual icdival  oh  this  faint; Cedda,  fecond archbifhop. After  the  departure  of  Paulinus  the  church  of  York  continued  without  a  pador  for  twenty, fome  lay  thirty  years.  The  continual  wars  and  troubles  in  the  north  and  levere  pagan  per¬ fection  impeding  it.  Till  at  length  Egfrid ,  achriftian,  being  king  of  Northumberland ,  ap¬ pointed  one  Wilfrid  to  the  fee  of  York :,  and  fent  him  to  Agelbert  bilhop  of  Paris,  fome  time of  Winchejler,  for  confecration.  Wilfrid  ftayed  fo  long  in  France  that  the  king,  out  of  all patience,  forced  Cedda  abbot  of  Leftingham,  a  man  of  devout  life  to  accept  of  it,  and  thruft him  into  the  chair  due  to  Wilfrid,  '  Having  carefully  attended  his  charge  about  three  years, he  was  admonifhed  by  Theodore  archbifhop  of  Canterbury  that  he  was  not  rightly  and  law¬ fully  called  to  that  fee.  Whereupon  the  good  man  prefently  relinquilbed  it,  and  retired  to his  monaftery.  From  whence  he  was  foon  after,  by  means  of  the  faid  Theodore ,  made  bi¬ lhop  of  Litchfield ,  anno  669.  Bede  fays  he  was  a  very  godly  and  modeft  man,  and  died March  2,  672.  Buried  at  Litchfield. Wilfridus,  third  archbifhop.  A. (z)  Wilfrid  was  born  in  the  north  of  mean  parentage,  the  time  of  his  childhood  he  loft  in his  father’s  houfe,  being  uninftrufted  in  any  part  of  literature  till  he  was  fourteen  years  of age.  At  which  time,  not  brooking  the  frowardnefs  of  his  ftep-mother,  he  leit  his  home in  order  to  wander  about  the  world.  At  his  firft  fetting  out  he  met  accidentally  with  cer¬ tain  courtiers,  whom  his  father  had  fome  way  or  other  obliged-,  and  by  them  was  prefented to  the  queen  as  a  lad  of  parts  and  beauty  not  unfit  for  her  fervice.  The  queen,  whole  name wn  ,  Eanfled ,  queftioning  the  youth,  found  his  inclinations  were  for  learning,  and  being  de- lirous  to  have  him  a  fcholar  die  fent  him  to  one  Cudda ,  who  from  being  councellor  and chamberlain  to  the  king  was  become  a  monk  of  Lindisfarn ,  or  Holy-ifland.  Under  whom being  diligently  inftruded,  and  having  excellent  natural  parts,  he  wonderfully  improved. A^out  the  time  that  our  Wilfrid  was  twenty  years  old  there  happened  a  great  contention in  the  church  about  the  celebration  of  Eafler.  The  youth  undertook  to  go  to  Rome  that  he might  be  well  inflrudled  in  the  controverfy.  By  means  of  the  queen,  his  patronefs,  and  Er- combert  king  of  Kent,  he  was  equipped  with  all  things  neceffary  for  his  voyage,  and  lent  a- long  with  one  or  two  companions.  In  travelling  through  France  he  became  acquainted  with (a)  Daljynus  archbidiop  of  Lyons,  who  greatly  carelfed  him,  and  retained  Wilfrid  fome  time in  his  family,  to  the  great  increafe  of  his  knowledge.  This  bifhop  was  fo  fond  of  our youth  that  he  offered  to  adopt  him  for  his  fon,  to  fettle  a  large  territory  on  him  in  France, and  to  give  him  his  neice,  a  beautiful  young  lady  to  wife,  if  he  would  conftantly  refide with  him.  But  Wilfrid' s  third:  after  knowledge  and  travail  made  him  rejeft  this  offer,  and all  the  prelate  could  prevail  upon  him  to  do  was  to  make  him  promife  he  would  call  upon him  at  his  return.  When  he  was  arrived  at  Rome  he  was  prefented  to  pope  Boniface  V,  who underftanding  the  reafon  of  his  coming,  took  care  to  inltruft  him  in  all  points  of  the  con¬ troverfy,  and  after  many  carelfes  blelfed  him  and  difmified  him  for  his  own  country. At  his  return  to  Lyons  the  bifhop  renewed  his  endearments  to  him,  and  in  all  probabili¬ ty  had  engaged  Wilfrid  to  accept  of  his  generous  offers,  and  never  more  to  return  into  Eng - land-,  had  not  the  reverend  prelate  been  l'natched  from  him  by  a  perfecution  raifed  by  a  fu¬ rious  pagan  queen,  whom  Bede  calls  Brunchyld.  For  amongft  ten  bifhops  that  fell  a  lacri- fice  to  her  cruelty  this  Dalfinus  was  one.  And  thus  our  Wilfrid  was  at  liberty  to  purfue  his journey. On  his  return  home  king  Egfrid  gave  him  a  houfe  and  a  maintenance,  and  many  noble¬ men,  admiring  much  his  learning  and  eloquence,  bedowed  divers  rich  gifts  upon  him.  Soon after  he  engaged  Colrnan,  with  the  Scotch  and  Irifh  bifhops,  on  thefubjedt  of  Eafter ,  at  a  great council  called  for  that  purpofe  at  the  abby  of  **3trCEnfl)aU  (b)  the  king,  queen  and  all  the nobility  being  prefent.  Flere  though  he  could  not  convince  Colrnan  and  the  red:  of  their obftinacy,  yet  he  was  allowed  by  all  to  have  much  the  better  of  the  argument,  infomuch that  with  one  confent  and  general  applaufe  he  was  upon  the  fpot  chofe  bifhop  ot  this  pro¬ vince  ( c ). But  the  difficulty  lay  in  the  confecration,  for  he  refufed  it  at  the  hands  of  the  Scotch  bi¬ fhops  •,  looking  on  them  to  be  little  better  than  fchilmaticks,  as  not  agreeing  with  the church  of  Rome  in  the  article  of  Eafier.  So  he  defired  to  be  fent  into  France  \  which  was accordingly  done,  and  at  Paris  he  was  confecrated  by  the  bifhop  thereof  with  great  folem- nity.  No  lefs  than  eleven  other  bifhops  being  prefent  at  the  ceremony. (z.)  E  vita  S.  Wilfridi  inter  xx.fcriptorcs. (a)  Goodwin  c alls  him  IVulpnus ;  but  Bede,  and  alfo  Se¬ ver  tins  who  wrote  the  hiftory  of  Lyons  from  their  own records,  and  lived  upon  the  place  ftile  him  Daljinus. (b)  Streanjhah \  Sinus  fhari.  1‘refihy,  now  Whitby,  a monaftery  founded  by  St.  Hilda  filler  to  Edwin  the  great. ( cj  Eddius  Stephanas,  who  wrote  the  life  of  this  pre¬ late,  as  early  as  the  year  720,  ft'les  him  no  other  than cpifcopm  Eboracenfis,  bilhop  of  York ;  throughout  his  work . But  the  titles  of  bifhop  and  archbifhop  were  indifferently uled  in  thofe  days.  The  pope  himfelr  had  then  no  other title  than  bilhop  of  Borne  ■,  but  in  the  Saxon  annJ-,  to  a charter  there  recited  of  king  Ethelred,  this  Wilfrid  fub- fciibes  himfelf  archbijhop  of  'York.  Chron.  Saxon.  43. 5l  I" 40  6 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookII. In  France  he  flayed  beyond  the  time  allowed  him,  being  too  much  taken  up  with  the company  of  many  learned  men  of  that  country.  And  when  he  purpofed  to  have  returned he  was  by  ftrefs  of  weather  driven  into  foreign  countries,  and  long  retarded  in  his  voyage. Coming  home  at  length  and  finding  another  man  in  his  place,  he  betook  himfelf  for  a. time  to  a  private  life.  From  which  place  he  was  often  invited  by  Wulphe r.e  king  of  Mercia  to the  bifhoprick  of  Litchfield.  But  in  the  end  Cedda  being  removed,  as  is  laid  before,  he took  poffefiion  of  the  archiepifcopal  chair  at  Fork,  and  Cedda  was  placed  in  Litchfield.  Du¬ ring  his  adminiftration  he  was  fo  well  beloved  by  all  forts  of  people  for  his  gentlenefs,  affa¬ bility  and  liberality,  that  many  whilft  alive,  but  more  at  their  deaths,  put  their  children and  all  their  effects  into  his  hands.  In  a  very  fhort  time  he  became  exceeding  rich,  having a  numerous  retinue  of  fervants  to  attend  him  ■,  great  quantities  of  plate,  with  other  rich  and fumptuous  furniture.  'Theodore  archbifhop  of  Canterbury  hexing  of  this,  liked  not  the  rival- fhip  •,  and  it  put  him  upon  endeavouring  to  conflitute  two  or  three  more  bifhopricks  under Wilfrid ,  the  country  he  found  being  well  able  to  fuflain  them.  Which  when  Wilfrid  refuled and  the  other  flrenuoufly  infilled  on,  he  appealed  to  the  pope,  and  purpofed  to  do  it  in perfon.  Some  infinuate,  though  Goodwin  thinks  not  juflly,  that  Wilfrid  had  endeavoured  to perfwade  the  queen  to  forfake  her  hufband,  and  to  retire  into  a  monaflery.  And  that  the king,  being  greatly  difpleafed  therewith,  firfl  thought  to  diminifh  his  authority  by  making more  bifhops  i  and  afterwards  made  feveral  loud  complaints  againfl  him  to  the  pope  in  or¬ der  to  have  him  deprived. However  this,  he  fet  fail  for  Italy ,  and  meeting  with  a  dreadful  florm  at  fea  he  was  driven in  Friezland.  Where  he  flaid  all  winter  preaching  to  and  converting  the  king  and  the  natives of  that  country.  The  pope  was  at  the  council  of  Confiance  when  he  reached  him,  from  whom Wilfrid  obtained  an  order  that  the  ftate  of  his  bifhoprick  of  Fork  fhould  not  be  altered  with¬ out  his  confent.  But  king  Egfride  fo  favoured  Theodore's  fcheme,  that  Wilfrid  faw  plainly at  his  return  that  he  mufl  either  fubmit  to  it,  or  leave  the  country.  The  prelate  chofe  ba- nifhment  and  went  in  great  poverty  into  Sujfex ,  where  the  inhabitants  together  with  their king  were  as  yet  all  pagans,  and  whom  by  degrees  he  brought  over  to  the  faith.  He  had afligned  him  an  habitation  in  £>colfCl?,  being  a  peninfula  and  contained  eighty  feven  families, here  he  built  a  monaflery  and  eflablifhed  an  epifcopal  fee. Amongft  all  the  miracles  recorded  of  Wilfrid  by  the  author  of  his  life,  this,  if  true,  was very  extraordinary,  and  would  go  far  to  convert  the  mofl  obdurate  pagan.  It  is  faid  that  at this  time  God  fo  blefied  the  holy  man’s  endeavours  towards  the  propagation  of  the  faith, that,  on  a  folemn  day  fet  for  baptizing  fome  thoufands  of  the  people  of  Sujfex ,  the  ceremo¬ ny  was  no  fooner  ended  but  the  heavens  diflilled  fuch  plentiful  fhowers  of  rain,  that  the country  was  by  it  relieved  from  the  mofl  prodigious  famine  ever  heard  of.  So  great  was  the drought  and  provifion  fo  fcarce,  that  in  the  extremity  of  hunger  fifty  at  a  time  would  join hand  in  hand  and  fling  themfelves  into  the  fea,  in  order  to  avoid  dying  by  famine  at  land. But  thus  by  Wilfrid’s  means  their  bodies  and  fouls  were  both  preferved. After  he  had  flaid  five  years  in  this  country,  the  tenth  of  his  banifhment  king  Edfrid  (d) died,  and  Alfred  fucceeding  him  fent  for  our  prelate  to  return  to  his  pafloral  care  at  Fork. Which  he  did,  but  continued  not  above  five  years  more  in  it,  when  this  king  alfo  taking adilgufl  againfl  him  he  was  forced  to  goto  Rome  to  purge  himfelf  by  oath  of  feveral  ac- cufations  laid  to  his  charge.  He  obtained  from  thence  the  pope’s  letters  in  his  behalf,  and returning  was,  by  the  interceflion  of  his  friends,  with  much  ado  reinflated  in  his  chair. Here  at  lail  he  continued  in  peace  to  the  end  of  his  days,  which  was  four  years  after  ;  and then  concluded  the  courfe  of  a  various  life  OH.  12,  anno  71 1.  in  the  feventy  fixth  year  of his  age,  and  forty  five  years  after  his  firfl  confecration.  He  was  buried  in  the  monaflery  of Ripon  which  he  himfelf  had  founded  •,  but  the  church  there  falling  down  for  want  of  repa¬ ration,  Odo  aichbifhop  of  Canterbury  removed  our  prelate’s  bones  to  Canterbury,  an.  940. The  life  of  this  prelate  is  wrote  at  large  by  Eddius  Stephanus,  printed  in  the  xx.  fcript. ed.  Gale.  There  are  alfo  many  things  to  be  met  with  about  him  in  venerable  Bede ,  too  co¬ pious  for  this  defign  (e).  His  epitaph,  preferved  by  the  laft  named  author,  runs  thus  : Wilfridus  hie  magnus  requiefeit  cor  pore  praefid, Hanc  domino  qui  aulam ,  duHus  pietatis  amore Fecit ,  et  eximio  facravit  nomine  Petri  j Cui  claves  coeli  Chriflus  dedit  arbiter  orbis  •, Atque  auro  et  T  yrio  devotus  vefiiit  ofiro. Quin  eliam  fublime  crucis  radiant  e  met  alio Hie  pofuit  trophaeum  •,  nec  non  quatuor  auro Scribi  Evangeliipraecepit  in  or  dine  libros , Ac  thecam  e  rutilo  his  condignam  xondidit  auro. Pafchali  qui  etiam  folemnia  tempora  curfus (d)  This  Eil frhl  or  Ecfr'td,  whatever  he  was  to  York, was  a  great  benefaftor  to  the  church  of  Durham  even  in this  city  j  for  I  find  this  note  in  Lelaml.  in-vet.  libros  monaji. T>\inc\m.fcribitur  rex  Edtridus  in  civitate  Ebor,  dedit  totam terram  a  muro  ecclef.  S.  Petri  ufque  ad  magnam  fort  am  ver- fsis  occidentcm,  et  a  muro  iff  us  ecclef ae  ufque  ad  murnm  ci- •vitatit  -verfus  aufrum.  Coll.  tom.  I.  369.  But  I  cannot make  out  where  thefe  lands  lay. (e)  See  Nicholfon’s  hiftorical  library.  Et  vitam  Wil- fridi  e n  -vies  de  faints  per  Baillet ;  fub  xii.  Oft. Catho ■ Chap.  I. of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK, Catholici  et  juflum  correxit  dogma  canonis , Quern  Jlatuere  patres ,  dubioque  error e  remoto, Certa  fuae  genti  ojlendit  moderamina  ritus , Inque  locis  ijlis  monachorum  examina  crebra Colligit ,  ac  monitis  cavit  quae  regula  pat  rum, Sedulus  injlituit ;  multifque ,  domique ,  forifque , J attains  nimiurn  per  tempora  longapericlis, Quin  decies  ternos  pojlqitam  egit  epifcopus  annos, ! Tranfiit ,  #  gaudens  coelejlia  regna  petivit. Dona ,  Jefu,  ut  pajloris  calle  fequatur. B  o  s  a  ,  fourth  archbijhop. After  the  firft  departure  of  Wilfrid  from  his  fee  to  appeal  to  the  pope,  Theodore ,  proceed¬ ing  in  his  intended  alteration,  divided  the  diocefe  into  four  parts  ;  and  planted  Eata  firft  at Haguljlad ,  then  removed  him  to  Lindisfarn  whom  Tumbert  fucceeded  at  Haguljlad ,  Trum- wyn  in  the  province  of  the  Pitts ,  and  Bofa  here  at  York.  But,  upon  the  return  of  Wilfrid , Bofa  was  obliged  to  refign.  Yet  upon  his  fecond  exile  he  was  reftored  again,  and  died  in pofielTion  of  the  fee.  He  was  efteemed  a  very  meek  and  devout  man.  He  lived  ten  years after  his  firft  confecration,  and  was  the  firft  archbiftiop  buried  in  the  cathedral  at  York, anno  687  (f). Johannes,  fifth  archbifhop.  D John,  commonly  called  St.  John  of  Beverley  fucceeded  Bofa  in  Wilfrid's  exile,  and  upon his  laft  reftoration  was  continued  by  him  therein.  Whilft  Wilfrid  for  a  time  contented  him- felf  with  Haguljlad.  John  was  a  gentleman,  born  of  a  very  good  Saxon  family  at  Harpham , fays  Goodwin ,  but  at  Beverley  according  to  Stubbs ;  which  is  more  probable.  He  was brought  up  firft  under  St.  Hilda  the  famous  abbefs  of  Whitby ,  then  under  Theodore  the  fifth archbiftiop  of  Canterbury ,  who  preferred  him  to  the  bifhoprickof  Hex  am  or  Haguljlad.  He is  faid  to  have  been  fometime  a  ftudent  in  the  univerfity  of  Oxford.  Venerable  Bede  is  copi¬ ous  in  reciting  many  miracles  done  by  this  holy  man,  as  the  curing  diverfe  people  defperately fick  by  prayer,  making  a  dumb  man  fpeak,  £sV.  All  which  the  hiftorian  lays  he  had  of his  own  knowledge,  or  elfe  from  fuch  as  were  eye  witnefles  of  the  fame  ■,  for  he  not  only lived  in  his  diocefe,  but  alfo  received  the  order  of  priefthood  at  his  hands.  But  were  the  ve¬ nerable  old  man  to  return  and  report  the  miracles,  viva  voce ,  they  fcarce  would,  in  this  un¬ believing  age,  find  credit.  For  which  reafon  1  ftiall  forbear  a  farther  recital.  John  was archbiftiop  of  this  province  above  thirty  three  years,  filling  the  chair  with  great  honour  and piety.  At  length,  grown  aged  and  infirm,  he  with  the  confent  of  his  clergy  refigned  his bifhoprick,  and  procured  that  his  chaplain,  whofe  name  was  Wilfride  ftiould  be  confecrated in  his  ftead.  After  which  he  retired  to  Beverley  (g),  where  he  lived  privately  in  a  college  of prieftsof  his  own  foundation  for  four  years,  and,  where  we  fuppofe  he  firft  drew  breath,  he died  Mayj,  anno  721.  And  was  buried  in  the  church  porch  belonging  to  that  college. Many  miracles  were  alfo  reported  to  be  done  at  his  tomb  after  his  death,  and  feveral  privi¬ leges  were  granted  by  divers  kings  to  the  church  at  Beverley  for  his  fake  (7;?;.  Amongft which  that  ol  king  Atheljlane* s  is  the  moft  remarkable.  In  a  convocation  held  at  London , anno  1416,  theaforefaid  day  of  his  death  was  appointed  annually  to  be  kept  holy  as  a  per¬ petual  memorial  of  the  fanftity  and  goodnefs  of  this  prelate.  And  alfo  the  feaft  of  his  tran- (lation  on  the  twenty  fifth  of  Ottober  on  account  of  the  victory  at  Agincourt  gained  on  that day,  as  was  believed  by  the  merits  of  this  faint  (i). (k)  Bifhop  Nicholfon  fays,  that  the  life  of  St.  John  of  Beverly  was  firft  wrote  at  the  requeft of  Aldred  archbiftiop  of  York  by  Folcard  a  Benedittine  monk,  about  the  year  1066.  Which was  enlarged  by  William  AJketel ,  or  Chattel ,  clerk  of  Beverley ,  anno  1320.  Another  draught of  him  was  taken  by  Alfred ,  canon  of  that  church  and  treafurer  in  the  beginning  of  the twelfth  century.  And  a  third  or  fourth  by  an  anonymous  writer  about  1373. (l)  Bale  has  afcribed  thefe  writings  to  St.  John  of  Beverley , Pro  Luca  exponendo  lib.  1.  ad  Bedam. Saepe  quidem  tuae  fantte  f rater  — — Homilias  Evangeliorum.  lib.  1. (f)  St .Cuthbert  bifliop  of  Durham  lived  at  this  time; of  whom  I  find  this  note  in  Leland's  coll,  worth  inferting, Rex-  Ecbertus  cum  Trumwino  epif.  navigant  ad  Farn.  i.  e. Holy  I  Hand,  et  Cuthbertum  nolentem  volentem  a  folitari vita  ad  curam  paflor.  abducunt.  Nec  multo  poft  Eata,  ex¬ acts  in  epifcopatu  Lindisfarn.  1 4 .amis,  reduBus  eft  ad Jedem Haguftuldenfcm,  et  Cuthbertus  fit  epif.  Lindisfarn.  Con- fecratufque  ejl  Eboraci  a  Thcodoro  archirp.  Cant,  praefente rege  Ecberto  et  7  epifcopis  anno  685,  et  rege  Ecfridi  12. Cui  rex  Ecfrid  villam  de  Crek,  vet  Creac,  nunc  Creyke et  3  in  circuit «  milliaria  ei  dedit,  tit  haberet  Ebor.  tens  vel inde  redienss  manfionem  ubi  requiefcere  pojfet.  Vide  Chron. Sax.  hoc  anno.  Creyk,  about  nine  miles  from  York,  is  (till in  the  county  and  diocefe  of  Durham. (g)  Deirwold  locus  memorofus,  i.  e.  Silva  Deirorum, pofien  Beverlac,  quafi  locus  vel  lacus  caflrorum,  diBus  a  ca- fioribus  qsiibus  Hulla  aqua  vicina  abundabit.  Ex  vita  S. Johannis  epif. (/?)  See  more  of  St.  John,  and  the  privileges  granted to  this  church  for  his  fake  in  fir  T.  Herbert's  account  of Beverley  in  the  appendix.  Et  vita  ejus  en  vies  de  faints  par Baillet  Maiiy. (i)  Linwood’s  Provinciate,  p.  I04.  Sea  the  annals  of this  work. (A-)  Hi  ft.  library. ( t)  Baleus  de  feript.  Brit. Ad 4oS The  HISTORY  arid  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. Ad  Hildam  abbatiffam  epif  plures. Ad  Herebaldum  difcip.  ep.  i.  Ad  Andoenum  et  Bertinum  ep.  i. A. DCCXVIII. Wilfrid  II.  fixtb  archbijhop. Wilfrid ,  chaplain  to  his  predecefTor  fucceeded,  but  has  very  little  faid  of  him.  He  fat  in the  archiepifcopal  chair,  fome  fay  eleven,  others  fifteen  years,  and  died  anno  731,  without any  thing  memorable  ;  except  that  this  Wilfride  began  the  grand  difpu.te  betwixt  the  two metropolitan  fees  about  priority,  which  continued  to  difturb  the  whole  Englifh  church  fome ages  (m).  The  Saxon  annals  relates  the  cefiion  of  John  and  the  fucceffion  of  this  Wilfrid ,  in the  Latin  verfion,  after  this  manner,  poftea  capeffit  Johannes  Eboracenfem  epifcopatum ,  auippe Bofa  epifcopus  decejferat.  Deinde  Wilferthus  ejus  prejbyter  confecratus  eft  in  Eboracenfem  epif copat um,  et  Johannes^  recepit  ad  monafterium  fiium  de  Derawude.  I  mention  this  becaufe  the fee  of  Tork  is  here  twice  called  only  Eeaj-cpe-Bifcop&omef^J. A. DCCXXXI. Egbertus,  feventh  archbijbop. Egbert  brother  to  Eadben  king  of  Northumberland ,  was  preferred  to  this  fee  ;  who  by  his own  wifdom  and  the  authority  of  the  king  greatly  amended  the  ftate  of  the  church  in  thefe parts.  This  prince  and  prelate  bear  a  wonderful  character  in  hiftoryfor  learning,  piety  and beneficence.  He  procured  the  archiepifcopal  pall  to  be  reftored  to  the  church  of  2'ork  •,  which had  been  withheld  from  it  ever  fince  the  days  of  Paulinus ,  by  the  machinations  of  the  arch- bifhops  of  Canterbury.  Whence  fom e(o)  take  the  liberty  to  call  this  Egbert  the  firft  arch- bifiiop  of  this  fee.  He  founded  a  famous  library  in  his  cathedral  church,  which  I  fhaJl  men¬ tion  in  the  fequel.  This  prelate  was  not  only  a  favourer  and  encourager  of  learning  in  others, but  was  himfelf  a  great  proficient  in  arts  and  fciences. Bale  has  preferved  the  titles  of  leveral  trafts  wrote  by  our  archbilhop  as  follows : P  oenitentiale  quoddam,  lib.  1.  Ad  ecclefiarum  paftores,  lib.  1. Conftitutiones  ecclefiae,  lib.  1.  Ad  Zachariam  pro  pallio,  epif.  1. Eruditiones  difcipulorum ,  lib.  1.  Ad  Eadbertum/r^/rm  regem ,  epif.  1. Homilias  et  leftiones ,  lib.  1.  Ad  Alcuinum  diaconum  epif  plures. Egbert ,  after  he  had  filled  the  chair  thirty  fix  Years  with  much  honour,  died  November x9>  7^6,  and  was  buried  in  the  porch  of  his  cathedral  church  near  his  brother.  Chron. Saxon. It  will  not  be  improper  in  this  place  to  give  fome  defcription  of  the  pall ,  which  Egbert procured  from  Rome  to  the  church  of  York  •,  and  which  coft  his  fuccefiors  fome  trouble,  but more  money  to  obtain.  The  ancient  pall,  from  the  Latin  pallium ,  was  an  entire  and  mag¬ nificent  habit,  defigned,  fays  my  authority  (>j,  to  put  the  bifhop  in  mind  that  his  life  Ihould anfwer  up  to  the  dignity  of  his  appearance.  But  the  chief  thing,  or  fymbol  of  fovereignty, was  a  white  piece  of  woolen  cloth,  about  the  breadth  of  a  border,  made  round  and  thrown over  the  flioulders.  Upon  this  are  two  others  of  the  fame  matter  and  form,  one  of  which falls  down  on  the  breaft,  and  the  other  on  the  back  with  each  of  them  a  red  crofs.  Se¬ veral  crofies  of  the  fame  colour  being  likewife  on  the  upper  part  of  it  round  the  fhoulders. This  pall  is  laid  upon  St.  P eler’s  tomb  by  the  pope,  and  then  fent  away  to  the  refpe&ive  me¬ tropolitans.  Which  till  they  have  received  from  the  fee  of  Rome  they  cannot  call  a  council, blefs  the  chrifm,  confecrate  churches,  or  a  bifhop,  ordain  a  prieft,  &c.  At  the  delivery  of ^ey  were  to  fwear  fealty  to  the  pope.  By  virtue  of  this  pall,  and  the  extent  of  their  ju- rifdictions,  the  archiepifcopal  power  was  very  great  in  thofe  days.  William  of  Malmjbury fays,  that  the  archbifhop  of  York  had  formerly  all  the  bifhops  on  the  north  of  the  Humber fiibjeft  to  his  authority.  As  at  this  time  were  the  bifhops  of  Ripon,  Hagulftad,  or  Hexam , Lindisfarn ,  or  Holy  IJland ,  the  bifhop  of  Whitehaven ,  and  all  the  bifhops  of  Scotland  and the  Or  cades.  This  laft  power  continued  long  in  the  fee  of  York ,  till  the  wars  during  the reigns  of  the  three  Edwards  of  England  made  the  Scotch  throw  off  their  fubje&ion  to  it.  Sir Henry  Spelman  has  preferved  fome  ecclefiaftical  conflitutions  made  and  publifhed  by  this  archbi* lhop  Egbert ,  which  he  has  given  us  in  his  councils  under  this  title:  Excerptiones  D.  Egberti archiep.  Ebor.  a  diftis  et  canonibus  fandlorum  patrum  concinnatae  et  ecclefiafticae  politiae  injhtutio- nem  conducentes  (q). Albertus,  Adelbertus  vel  Aethelberht’us,  eighth  archbifhop. To  Egbert  fucceeded  Albert,  called  by  Florence  of  Worcefter  Caena,  he  was  confecrated Apr.  24.,  anno  767  •,  and  received  the  pall  from  pope  Paul  I.  He  fat  fourteen  years,  and led  at  Chefter,  fays  Goodwin,  an.  7S1,  without  any  other  memorial  that  I  can  learn  of  him. ur  author  here  is  miftaken  by  taking  Eeajtep  for  Chefter,  when  it  is  York ,  and  is  fo  tran- Uated  in  the  Latin  verfion  ol  the  Saxon  annals,  anno  780. (w)  Gul.  Malmf. (/>)  Petrus  de  Marca. (q)  Speiman.  concilia,  p.258, EANB  AL  DUS. Chap. I. of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK.  409 A Eanbaldus,  ninth  archbifhop.  DCCLXXX ^  Caena  yet  living,  but  whether  he  refigned  or  took  him  for  a  coadjutor  is  uncertain,  fays Goodwin ;  Eanbald  being  an  old  man  was  confecrated  archbilhop,  and  lived  after  his  confc- cration  feventeen  years.  When  he  is  faid  to  die  in  the  monaftery  of  Arleet,  or  Atleet,  and was  buried  very  honourably  in  his  own  cathedral  (q).  This  prelate  was  a  difciple  of  our  fa¬ mous  Alenin ,  who  in  an  epiftle  to  him  from  France  writes  thus,  laus  et  gloria  Deo ,  in  prof pe- ritate  bona  confervavit ,  at  in  exalt atione  filii  mei  charijjfmi  gauderem,  qui  labor aret  vice  mea  ... ecclefia ,  ubi  ego  nutritus  et  eruditus  fueram  (r). Eanbaldus  II.  tenth  archbijhop. Another  Eanbald  fucceeded;  who  Hoveden  fays  was  a  prieft  of  the  church  of  Fork,  and  A. was  confecrated  in  the  monaftery  of  Socaburg(s),  Nov.  19,  797.  Before  the  end  of  his  firft  DCCXCVIf. year  Stubs  writes,  that  he  called  a  fynod  or  convocation  of  his  clergy  at  Pinchamhalch  (t), in  which  he  caufed  divers  things  amifs  to  be  reformed.  What  time  he  died,  or  how  lon" he  late  I  cannot  find. Wu  l  s  1  u  s,  eleventh  archbijhop , '  j  1  A  jycccxil Wulfius  occurs  next  in  the  catalogue,  who  came  in  anno  812.  and  enjoyed  his  honour  nine¬ teen  years;  he  died  anno  831. Wimundus,  twelfth  archbijhop.  A Wulfius  was  fucceeded  by  Wimundus ,  who  governed  the  church  about  twenty  years  ;  and  DCCCXXXI. died,  as  Mat.  Wejlminfler  informs  us,  anno  S54. Wr  l  f  e  r  u  s,  thirteenth  archbijhop. j  c  a  dccCLIV Wilfere  is  next,  who  was  archbilhop  of  this  diocefe,  as  fome  write,  forty  fix  years  in  a  moft terribleand  turbulent  time  ;  for  now  the  Danes  made  their  firft  invafion,  and  drove  all  before them  with  fire  and  fword.  Fork ,  the  chief  city  of  the  province,  felt  their  fury  in  a  more  elpe- cial  manner,  having  burned  and  wafted  all  round  it  for  many  miles.  The  two  kings  Ofbright and  Ella  were  (lain  in  the  city  itfelf;  but  the  archbifhop  efcaped  the  (laughter,  and  fled  to  Ad- dyngham  where  he  was  kindly  received  by  Burrhed  king  of  Mercia.  In  the  year  following  the Danifh  king  Ricfius ,  being  converted  to  chriftianity,  recalled  the  archbifhop  and  placed  him on  his  throne.  But  their  ravages  had  fo  fpoiled  the  profits  of  the  archbifhoprick,  that  it  was then  and  fome  time  after  augmented  with  the  commendam  of  Worcefler.  He  died  about  the year  900,  or  according  to  Mat.  Wejlminfler,  whofe  computation  is  very  uncertain,  895  (u). Ethelbaldus  (x  J,  fourteenth  archbifloop A.  DCCCC. Redwardus,  fifteenth  archbifhop.  Called  by  Stubbs ,  Leodwardus.  A. DCCCCXXI. Wulstanus,  fixteenth  archbifhop.  A By  the  favour  of  king  Athelflane ,  Wulflan  was  made  archbifhop,  and  that  king  likewife  aug-  DCCCCXM- mented  the  revenues  of  the  church  by  the  donation  of  all  ^gmonDCFitcfe  to  it ;  which  he  had bought  of  the  Danes.  But  the  prelate  repayed  this  high  generofity  with  great  ingratitude, for  not  long  after  he  was  convict  of  a  very  heinous  offence,  unbecoming  his  office^  his  alle¬ giance  and  his  country,  for  he  fided  with  the  Danes  againft  his  own  countrymen  the Saxons ,  aflifted  the  Pagans  againft  the  Chriftians ,  and  was  in  arms  againft  his  own  natural prince  Edred ,  brother  to  his  benefactor  Atheljlane.  For  which  faCt  he  was  committed  clofe prifoner  by  Edred ,  but  the  year  after  was  releafed  and  reftored  to  his  epifcopal  dignity  at Dorchefler  (y).  Mat.  Weflminjler  tells  us,  that  the  occafion  of  his  imprifonment  was,°that  he had  caufed  to  be  flain  feveral  citizens  of  Fhetford ,  in  revenge  of  the  death  of  one  Adelm  an  ab¬ bot,  whom  they  had  murdered  without  caufe.  But  the  former  is  more  likely  from  the  ac-> count  I  have  given  of  Edred  in  the  annals,  and  what  Simeon  of  Durham  relates ,  which  the reader  may  pleafe  to  obferve  under  this  note  (z).  He  lived  two  years  after  his  releafe, and  then  died  on  St.  Stephen's  day,  an.  955,  and  was  buried  at  Oundle  in  Northampton  hire. Mr.  Willis  (a)  fays  this  archbifhop  obtained  to  his  fee  Beverley ,  Ripon,  Bifhop-Wilton ,  Oiley, Cawood  and  the  barony  of  Shireburn. ( q )  Stttbbes  vit.  pont.  Ebor.  But  I  find  no  mention  of any  fuch  monaftery  either  in  th eMonaft.  or  elfewhere. (r)  Gul.  Mairof.  tie  pont.  Ebor. (  s )  Ho  die  Socburn  in  agro  Dunelm. (t)  Hodie  Finkley  in  eodem  com.  Vide  chron.  Saxon. in  nom.  locorum. (»)  Obiit  892.  pont.  fui  39.  Sim. Dunelm. (  x )  Ordinal ttr  archiep.  an.  900.  Sim.  Dunelm. (y)  Rog.  Hoveden.  Gul.  Malm f. ( z )  Anno  Bom.  949.  Wulftanus  Ebor .  archiepifeopus , procerefque  Northumbrenfes ,  omnes  in  villa  quae  dicitur TaddenelTcylf  egregio  regi  Anglorum  Edredo  fidelitatem Jttravere  fed  non  din  tenuerunt.  Adfcriptum  erat  in  mar- gine  per  Lelandum,  Taddenes  fcylf  tunc  erat  villa  regia quae  nunc  vocatur  Romane  Ponrlradt ;  Anolice  Kirkebv. Lei  .coll.  tom.  II .  p.  359. ( a )  Willis  on  cath.  churches. 413  The  HISTORY  and  AN  TiK^UI TIES  Book  II. The  laws  of  the  Northumbrian  priefts  are  fuppofed  to  have  been  firft  made  at  Turk  anno 950,  under  this  Wulfian,  or  0/?)Vc/ archbiftiop,  Anlaff  ^hen  being  king  of  Northumberland. Thefe  are  taken  notice. on  both  by  fir  Henry  Spelman  and  Sonnier-,  and  have  lately  had  an Englifh  verfion  from  the  Saxon  by  a  reverend  divine  (a).  They  are  a  curious  body  of  Jaws ; the  laft  of  which  is  fomewhat  remarkable,;  which  recites,  “  Jet  landlord’s  rightful  -gift  be “  firmly  maintained  ;  and  efpecially  one  clujftiauity,  and  pne  monarchy  in  the  nation  -for “  ever.”  But  whether  this  refpefb  the  kingdom  in  general,  ,or  only  that  of  Northum¬ berland ,  which  had  juft  then  fullered  by  having  two  kings,  I  (hall  not  determine. Oskitellus,  Jeventeenth  arcEbiJhop. '■  OJkitell  fucceeded,  a  man  of  very  good  life  and  well  (earned  ;  he  is  faid  to  govern  the  fee dccccls  wifely  fixteen  years,  and  died  in  971.  ijKiliis  writes  (hat  this  bi(hop  procured  to  his  fee, the  manor  of  Southwell.  I  find  by  the  Saxon  chtonicle  that  he  was  buried  at  Bedford. At  HEtwot  dvs,  eighteenth  archbifhop. Dcccclxxi.  Next  f°Ilowed  Athelwold,  but  he  not  affefting  greatnefs  refigned  his  bhhoprick,  and made  choice  of  a  retired  obfeurity. Oswaldus,  nineteenth  archbifhop. A  In  the  fpace  of  one  year  the  fee  of  Tork  had  three  archbilhops,  OJkitell  lately  deceafed, Dcccclxxi.  Athelwold  who  abdicated,  and  this  Ofwald.  Who  was  near  kinfman  to  OJkitell  his  predecef- for,  but  much  nearer  to  Odo  archbiftiop  of  Canterbury ,  being  his  own  nephew,  called  by Bayle  Ofwaldut  Odonius.  By  his  uncle’s  means  he-  was  firft  made  canon  of  Winchejler ,  and after  dean  of  the  fame.  For  at  that  time  the  cathedral  church  of  Winchefer  had  no  monks, but  maintained  a  number  of  (ecular  priefts.  But  the  monks  beginning  now  to  gain  meat efteem  by  their  regular  lives  and  great  temperance,  compared  to  the  other  clergy,  Ofwald was  advifed  by  his  uncle  to  leave  his  place  at  mnchejler  and  travel  to  the  monaftery  of Floriack  in  France  ;  which  he  did,  and  entered  himfelf  a  monk  of  that  fociety.  He  conti¬ nued  this  fituation  five  or  fix  years,  during  which  time  the  archbilhop  growing  very  old and  infirm,  wrote  often  to  him  to  return,  but  could  never  prevail  tilljhe  fenthimword  ofbis laft  ficknefs,  whereof  foon  after  he  died.  Ofwald  now  made  hafte  to  fee  his  uncle  but  came too  late,  fo  OJkitell  archbilhop  of  Fork  entertained  him,  as  another  kinfman,  till  by  the means  of  Dunjlan,  Odo’s  fucceflbr,  he  was  in  the  year  960  preferred  to  the  bilhoprick  of IForceJler.  Here  he  built  the  church  dedicated  to  St.  'Mary,  and  placed  monks  therein, which  was  juft  by  the  church  of  St.  Peter  in  that  city. About  this  time  the  fee  of  Tork  becoming  void,  king  Edgar  ftudious  to  prefer  a  fit  per¬ son  to  the  care  of  thefe  northern  parts,  which  were  then  very  rude  and  barbarous,  offered it  to  Ofwald ,  who  feemed  to  decline  the  acceptance  as  loth  to  forfake  Worcefler ;  where¬ fore  the  king  was  content  that  he  (hould  hold  both.  He  reigned  archbiftiop  of  this  pro¬ vince  twenty  one  years,  and  died  fuddenly  at  Worcefter,  having  walhed  the  feet  of  certain poor  men,  as  was  his  daily  cuftom  ;  after  which  kneeling  down  to  pray  without  any  pre¬ cedent  ficknefs  he  gave  up  the  ghoft,  February  27,  992.  Malmjbury,  who  reports  this  of him,  fays  alfo  that  the  day  before  his  death  he  told  feveral  of  his  friends  that  he  (hould  die the  next  day. He  was  one  of  the  principal  founders  of  the  abbyof  Ramfey  in  the  ifle  o  f  Ely,  and  was a  very  liberal  benefactor  to  the  monaftery  of  Floriack ,  where  he  had  lived.  For  the  inte¬ grity  of  his  life  he  was  much  valued  in  his  time.  Goodwin  fpeaks  well  of  him,  and  fays  he was  a  very  learned  and  good  man,  and  that  he  had  but  one  fault,  which  was  his  great  ve¬ hemence  in  oppofing  the  marriage  of  the  clergy.  But  Bayle  has  a  terrble  fling  at  him  upon that  account,  and  in  a  molt  outragious  manner  infults  the  memory  of  our  dead  prelate  for joining  with  Dunfian  in  prohibiting  the  marriage  of  the  clergy,  or  excluding  them  the church  •,  at  dein  ceps  J'ub  religiofo  coelibatus  titulo  fodomitice  viverent. Divers  miracles,  however,  were  faid  to  be  done  at  his  tomb  after  his  death,  and  his  fuc- cefior  took  care  to  build  a  very  coftly  fhrine  over  it,  which  was  in  the  church  of  his  own foundation  at  IV ircejler  ( c ).  He  is  alfo  honoured  with  a  folemn  day  in  the  Englijh  calendar, appointed  in  commemoration  of  K\m(d).  His  life  is  wrote  at  length  by  Eadmer  a  monk ™  Canterbury  •,  which  is  printed  in  Wharton's  Anglia  facra  p.  2.  wherein  he  has  a  much  bet- raCter  than  the  proteftant  bifhop  of  OJfory  will  allow  him  ;  who  calls  him  the  Archjlamen of  lork  •,  and  his  writings  the  dregs  of  a  depraved  genius.  They  are  thefe, Ad  Abbonem  monachum,  epifl.  1.  Praefcientia  Dei  monachus  Ofwald. Ad fan  cl os  dam  ejfct  Floriaci,  lib.  1.  Olwaldus  fimplex  monachus.  Statuta  Jynodalia  lib.  1. (6)  JobnJohnfon  M-  A.  fee  his  preface  to  the  laws. (r )  Hujus  infula  purpurea  auro  ct  gemmis  orr.au,  et  prifea fulgittiiline  fulgida,  Bcverlacenfi  adhiu  referzatur  ccclejia. Stubbii  act.  pont.  Ebor. (d)  Oil.  x.  Vita  ejus  enles  vies  dts  faints  par  Bail' Adul- Chap.  I. of  the  CHURCH  a/YORK. Adulfus  vel  Aldulfus,  twentieth  archbijhof. Adulf  abbot  of  Peterborough  fucceeded  Ofwald  in  both  his  fees  of  York  and  Worcejler,  a holy  and  reverend  man,  fays  Malmjbury ,  and  one  who  ftrove  to  outdo  his  predecdfor  in his  liberality  to  the  monafteryof  Florinck.  In  any  thing  elfe  hiftory  is  filent,  fo  he  died May  6,  anno  1002,  and  lies  buried  in  St.  Mar/s  church  in  i Worcejler  ( e ). Wulstanus  II,  twenty  firjl  archbijhop. Another  Wuljlan  by  the  favour  of  king  Knute  held  both  the  fees  as  formerly,  for  the  A.  Mir which  Malmjbury  blames  him  quod  contra  regulas  canomtm  da  as  fedes  tenuerit.  He  died May  28,  1023,  and  was  buried  in  the  monaftery  at  Ely.  Where,  Mr.  Willis  fays,  is  yet a  painted  representation  of  him  againft  the  wall  in  the  north  tranfept  of  the  choir  under the  lan thorn. Alfricus  Puttoc,  twenty  fecond  archbijhop , AIJric  Puttoc  provoft  of  Winchejler  was  made  archbifhop  of  York.  Some  ill  things  are  A.  MXXII. reported  by  Malmjbury,  &c.  of  this  prelate,  as  that  becaule  he  milled  the  holding  the  bi- fhoprick  ot  Worcejter  in  commendam  as  three  of  his  predecell'ors  had  done  upon  a  flight  pre¬ tence,  he  urged  king  Hardiknute ,  with  whom  he  was  a  great  favourite,  to  fet  the  city  on fire.  Which  was  done  to  the  no  fmall  damage  of  the  citizens.  As  alfo  that  he  caufed  the dead  body  of  Harold,  the  king’s  brother  to  be  dug  up,  decapitated  and  call  into  the  Thames, for  what  reafon  I  know  not.  This  feems  to  be  an  idle  fbory,  'but  it  is  not  to  be  wondered, that  old  William  and  his  brother  monks  bore  hard  upon  this  archbifhop,  who  gave  fo much  to  churches  in  the  pofleflion  of  fecular  clergy,  and  nothing  to  them.  Pie  was  very  liberal to  the  church  and  college  of  Beverley  •,  he  firlt  built  a  molt  magnificent  and  coftly  fhrine over  the  tomb  of  their  faint.  Alfo  a  hall  and  a  dormitory  in  their  beddern,  and  turned  it  in¬ to  a  houfe  for  their  provoft.  He  conftituted  three  offices  in  that  church,  a  facrift,  a  chan¬ cellor  and  a  precentor.  He  likewife  obtained  from  king  Edward  the  confcjfor ,  that  three annual  fairs  fhould  be  held  in  Beverley.  And  inftituted  a  cuftom,  that  the  principal  inha¬ bitants  of  that  town  and  the  neighbouring  gentlemen  fhould  thrice  every  year  follow  the reliques  of  St.  John  in  and  about  the  town  falling  and  barefoot  (J). Alfric  purchafed  lands  at  Midleton,  Holm,  and  Frydaythorp ,  which  he  fettled  on  his  church  at York.  He  was  alfo  a  great  benefa&or  to  that  at  Southwell.  At  which  laft  place  he  died Jan.  22,  anno  1050,  and  was  buried  at  Peterborough.  Neither  did  this  church  want  a  tafte of  his  generofity,  for  many  ornaments  of  gold  and  filrer,  and  feveral  rich  copes  he  gave to  it  (g). Kins i us,  twenty  third  archbijhop. Kinfius ,  or  rather  Kinjine,  chaplain  to  Edward  the  confejfor,  fucceeded.  Pie  is  faid  to  A-  ML. have  been  a  man  of  great  aufterity  of  life,  and  would  walk  barefoot  in  his  parochial  vifita- tions.  He  was  another  fpecial  benefactor  to  the  church  a t  Beverley,  where  he  built  a  high tower  and  placed  two  great  bells  in  it.  Two  of  the  fame  mould  he  likewife  gave  to  South- well  \  and  two  more  to  the  church  at  Stow.  He  alfo  gave  many  books  and  ornaments  to Skyrejlon,  and  other  churches  in  his  diocefe.  To  Peterborough  he  gave  ornaments  to  the  va¬ lue  of  three  hundred  pound,  but  queen  Edgit  afterwards  took  them  away  from  thence  (h). Of  this  bifhop  it  was  the  common  opinion,  fays  Stubbs,  that  he  was  not  born,  but  came into  the  world  by  the  Caejarian  feClion.  He  died  at  York ,  December  22,  1060,  and  was buried  at  Peterborough  ;  where  he  had  formerly  been  a  monk. The  tombs  of  thefe  two  laft  prelates  are  yet  to  be  feen  behind  the  altar  in  the  church  at Peterborough  on  which  fome  much  later  perfon  has  put  the  two  following  inferiptions. Hie  SEPULTA  SUNT  OSSA  ELFRICI  ARCHIEPISCOPI  EbOR. A.  M  L. HiC  SEPULTA  SUNT  OSSA  KYNSII  ARCHIEPISCOPI  EBOR. A.  M  LX  I. 41  1 A. Dccccach. Aldredus,  twenty  fourth  archbijhop. The  fee  of  York  falling  void  by  the  death  of  Kinfius,  Aldred,  who  was  firft  a  monk  of  A.  MLXT. Winchejler ,  then  abbot  of  Tavijlock,  afterwards  bifhop  of  Worcejler ,  making  his  way  by money  and  bribes,  fays  Malmjbury,  which  he  liberally  beftowed  on  the  courtiers,  got  hold of  the  arbifhoprick  of  this  province.  The  prelate  had  no  looner  pofleflion  of  it,  but  he prevailed  upon  king  Edward  to  let  him  hold  Worcejler  in  commendam,  alfo,  as  four  of  his predeceflors  had  done.  Having  gained  fo  far  on  holy  Edward's  goodnefs,  he  fet  out  nobly attended  to  fetch  his  pall  from  Rome.  Along  with  Aldred  went  Tojly  the  furious  earl  of (<■)  I  have  fecn  a  curious  original  deed  in  the  pof- feflion  of  James  Weft  of  the  Temple,  efq;  being  a  char¬ ter  of  king  Etheldred’s,  dated  anno  998,  to  which  this prelate  fubferibes  himfelf  Ego  Aldulfus  Eboracenlis  baft. prim,  hoc  eulogium  agie  crucis  taumate  confirmavi  >p- (/)  E  vita,  S.  Johan.  Bever.  in  coll.  Lclandi. ( g )  Ex  libro  Hugonis  mon.  Peterbur.  coll.  Lelan. (A)  Ex  eodem. I / Nor  t  hum- 4ii  the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. Northumberland ,  already  fpoken  of,  brother  to  the  queen,  Gifo  bifhop  of  Wells ,  and  Walter bifhop  of  Hereford.  At  his  arrival  in  Rome  the  pope,  Nicholas  II,  who  had  been  informed of  his  fimoniacal  contrivances,  not  only  refufed  to  confirm  him  in  the  archbifhoprick,  but alfo  deprived  him  of  that  he  had  before.  The  other  two  bifhops  were  received  and  en¬ tertained  with  great  honour. They  all  fet  out  together  to  return  to  England ,  but  with  very  different  affections ;  Gifo and  Walter  mueh  elated  with  the  honour  lately  done  them,  but  Yojli  and  Aldred  chagrined to  the  laft  degree.  Travelling  from  Rome  over  the  Alps  they  were  met  by  a  band  of  rob¬ bers,  who  took  from  them  all  they  had,  except  their  cloaths ;  fo  that  they  were  obliged  to go  back  to  Rome  to  get  a  farther  l'upply  for  their  journey. Now  it  was  that  Yojli  let  loofe  his  fiery  dilpofition,  and  really  played  the  bully  for  his triend.  For  he  ftuck  not  with  open  mouth  to  rail  againft  the  perfon  of  the  pope  •,  declaring how  unreafonable  it  was  for  them  to  be  obliged  to  come  fo  far,  at  fo  vaft  an  expence  and trouble  as  fuch  a  voyage  mult  neceffarily  coft,  and  then  to  be  without  fecurity  or  pro¬ tection  for  their  return.  Then  when  the  king  of  England  fhould  hear  of  this  ufage,  Nicho¬ las  might  depend  upon  it  he  would  withdraw  the  tribute  due  to  the  holy  chair.  The  thun¬ der  of  thele  threats,  fays  (i)  Malmjbury,  frightned  the  pope,  and  at  laft  his  defire  was granted,  and  the  pall  delivered  to  Aldred ,  on  condition  that  he  fhould  quit  Worcejler  ;  which at  his  return  he  accordingly  did. Being  feated  quietly  in  his  chair  at  Tork  he  began  to  do  fome  good  things,  for  he  built  an hall  for  the  canons  to  dine  together  in*,  and  another  at  Southwell.  At  Beverley  the  hall  be¬ gun  by  his  predeceffor,  but  left  imperfeCl  he  finiftied.  The  prefbytery  there  he  raifed  from the  very  foundbtion,  and  alfo  rebuilt  the  new  cathedral  church  at  Gloucejler  deftroyed  by  the Hanes.  Another  of  his  meritorious  aCtions  was  his  obliging  the  clergy  of  his  province  to wear  an  uniform  and  decent  fort  of  habit;  whereas  before  the  laity  and  they  were  indiftin- guifhable.  In  the  year  1050,  when  he  was  bifhop  of  Worcejler ,  he  undertook  a  pilgrimage to  Jerufalem  through  Hungary ;  a  thing  which  no  bifhop  of  this  realm  ever  attempted  be¬ fore  him.  Thefe  are  all  or  moft  of  the  vertues  which  his  panegyrift  Stubbs  afcribes  to  his fanClity  ;  who  feems  fond  of  his  memory  becaufe  he  was  the  laft  archbifhop  of  the  Saxon race. But  view  this  prelate  in  a  political  light,  and  he  greatly  belies  the  character  Stubbs  be¬ llows  on  him,  and  appears  what  he  really  was,  a  meer  worldling  and  an  odious  timeferver. No  fooner  was  Edward ,  his  patron,  dead,  but  Harold ,  earl  Goodwin’s  fon,  reached  at  the crown  without  the  leaft  title  to  it,  and  by  means  of  our  pious  archbilhop  obtained  it.  He  fo- lemnly  crowned  him  with  his  own  hands  and  fwore  allegiance  to  him.  After  this,  when the  conqueror  had  waded  through  a  fea  of  blood,  and  laid  as  juft  a  title  to  the  crown  as  his predeceffor,  (k )  our  prelate  had  made  a  firm  compact  with  the  Londoners ,  that  if  Ha¬ rold  fhould  be  worfted  they  fhould  immediately  proclaim  Edgar  Atheling  king.  Yet, when  Stigand  archbifhop  of  Canterbury  refufed  to  crown  William  (/),  our  good  archprelate run  in  with  the  ftream,  and  performed  the  ceremony ;  only  exacting  a  foolifh  oath  from the  Norman ,  that  he  would  love  and  protect  the  Engli/h,  equal  with  his  own  natural  fubje<5ts. This  when  he  found,  after  poffeffion,  that  William  little  regarded,  why  then,  truly,  he thundered  out  an  excommunication  againft  him  ;  which  the  conqueror  fome  fmall  time after,  for  a  round  fome  of  money,  I  fuppofe,  bought  off.  But  when  the  Hanijh  invafion came  on,  and  the  citizens  of  York  with  the  Northumbrians ,  &c.  had  declared  for  prince Edgar’s  title,  the  prelate  fickened  at  the  news,  and,  either  (m)  through  fear,  or  remorfe, or  both,  gave  up  the  ghoft  September  10,  1069,  juft  before  the  Danes  landed,  and  was buried,  according  to  our  writers,  in  his  church  at  York ;  though  Mr.  Willis  fuppofes,  I know  for  what  reafon,  that  he  lies  in  his  own  church  at  Gloucejler. I  cannot  take  leave  of  this  prelate  without  giving  the  reader  a  tafte  of  his  fpiritual  pride, which  Stubbs  is  pleafed  to  call  conftancy,  in  a  ftory  recorded  of  him  by  that  author.  It feems  a  great  quantity  ofprovifions  was  bringing  towards  the  biftiop’s  offices  a tYork  when the  high  fheriff  of  the  county  met  them  on  the  road,  flopped  the  carts  and  horfes  and afked  them  who  they  belonged  to  ?  The  men  that  conducted  them  anfwered,  they  were  fer- vants  to  the  archbilhop,  and  were  carrying  thofe  provifions  for  his  ufe.  But  the  high  fhe¬ riff,  defpifing  both  the  prelate  and  his  fervants,  ordered  the  officers  who  attended  him  to feize  upon  the  carriages,  &c.  and  convey  them  to  the  caftle  of  York r,  and  place  them  in the  king’s  granary.  The  archbifhop  when  he  heard  of  this  fent  feveral  of  his  clergy  and  ci¬ tizens  to  demand  reftitution  from  the  high  fheriff,  and  threatned  that  if  he  did  not  make fatisfaftion  to  St.  Peter  and  his  vicar,  he  fhould  a<ft  in  another  manner  towards  him.  The  fhe¬ riff  fet  at  nought  his  threats,  and  returned  him  word  that  he  might  do  his  worft.  The  prelate (i)  H.tec  rex  Anglorum  audiens,  ait  Tody,  tributum  regni  diadema  fujcepit.  Cbron.  T.  Wykes  inter  v.  Jcript. S  Petri  merits  Nichotao  fubtraheret.  Hoc  minarum  ful-  hiji.  Ang. mine  Romani  territi  papcim  Jlexerunt.  Gal.  Meldun.  (m)  De  quorum  omnium  adventu  Ebor.  arch.  Aldrcdus, (k)  Fabians  chron.  ualde  trifiis  ajfectus,  in  magnam  decidit  infirmitatem ,  e  t  de¬ ll)  Et  quia  Srigandus  tunc  Cantuarienfis  archiepif.  viro  cimo  anno  fui  epifcop.  uitam  finivit ;  et  in  ecde/ia  5.  Petri tarn  crtiento  et  alieni  juris  invafori  manus  imponere  recti-  fepult.  eji.  Simeon  Duncl. f*vie,  ab  Aldredo  tunc  Ebor.  archiepif.  magnijice  coronatus upon Chap.  I.  of  if  CHURCH  o/YORK.  413 upon  rliis  anlwer  .ha  He  ns  up  to  London ;  where,  when  arrived  and  habited  in  pontifcalibus , attended  with  a  numerous  i'uit  of  bifhops  and  other  ecclefiafticks  in  town,  he  went  direiftly to  JVeJlminjlcr  where  the  king  then  was  in  council.  The  monarch  no  fooner  call  eyes  upon the  prelate,  than  he  arofe  up  to  falute  him  as  ufual  •,  which  the  latter  put  by  with  his  ero- fier,  and  taking  no  notice  of  the  king’s  Handing,  nor  of  ali  his  croud!  of  courtiers,  he  ad- dreffed  himfelf  to  him  in  thele  words,  Hear  me ,  William,  fays  he,  fame  thou  art  an  alien , and  God  has  per  mil  led  thee  for  our  Jins  and  through  much  blood  to  reign  over  us  ,  I  anointed  thee king  and  placed  the  crown  upon  thy  head  with  a  blejjingybut  now  becattfe  thou def&rvejl  it  not ,  l fa  all change  that  bl effing  into  a  curfe ,  as  a  perfecutor  and  oppreffor  of  God  and  his  minifters ,  and  a breaker  and  contemner  of  oaths  and promifes  which  thou  fworefi  to-  me  before  the  altar  of  S.  Peter. The  king  aftonilhed  at  thele  menaces  threw  himlelf  at  the  arclilbilhop’s  feet,  and  humbly begged  to  know  wherein  he  had  offended  him  to  deferve  fo  fevere  a  fentence  ?  The  noble¬ men  in  the  prefence  were  irritated  to  a  high  degree  at  the  prelate’s  arrogance,  to  fuffer  fo great  a  king  to  lie  at  his  feet  and  not  raife  him.  But  he,  modeftly  faid  to  them  let  him alone ,  gentlemen ,  let  him  he  ;  he  does  no!  fall  down  at  my  feet,  but  at  the  feel  of  St.  Peter.  And after  l'orae  time  thought  lit  to  raife  him  and  told  him  his  errand.  The  king  was  too  much frightned  to  deny  his  requell.  He  rewarded  the  prelate  with  rich  gifts,  lent  him  honoura¬ bly  away,  and  at  the  fame  time  dilpatched  an  exprels  to  the  high  fheriff  with  a  mandate for  the  reftitution  of  the  goods.  Which  were  punctually  reffored,  fays  my  author,  even to  the  value  of  a  fackftring  ( n ). Another  ftory  out  of  Malmjbury  final!  concude  the  account  of  this  prelate; Unfits ,  earl  oi  Worcefier ,  had  built  a  caftle  to  the  prejudice  o.  a  neighbouring  monaftery  ; for  the  ditch  of  the  faid  callle  took  off  part  of  the  churchyard  belonging  to  the  monks. Aldred  had  often  admonifhed  the  earl  by  letters  to  dojuftice  to  the  monks.  But  finding that  co  uric  would  not  anlwer,  he  went  to  him  in  perfon,  and  afked  i Ur  fas  whether  it  was  by his  appoinment  that  this  encroachment  was  made?  The  earl  not  denying  the  fadl,  the  pre¬ late  laid  (0)  f)tg(i£cff  tljQU  Glrfc  i  fjatJC  tfjOU  <0OD’S  curfej  and  know  ajfuredly  that  thy  pcfle- rity  Jhall  not  inherit  the  patrimony  of  St.  Mary.  This  curie,  fays  my  author,  feemed  to  take effetl,  for  Urfus  died  loon  after  •,  and  Roger  his  fon  enjoyed  his  father’s  honour  but  a  very fmall  time  ;  for,  having  flain  an  officer  of  the  king’s,  he  was  forced  to  fly  his  country. Who  would  not  value  a  bifhop’s  blefiing,  when  their  curfes  are  fo  fatal  ? {p)  Fulchard ,  a  monk  of  Durham ,  at  the  mitigation  .of  Aldred,  wrote  the  life  of  St.  John of  Beverley ,  and  dedicated  it  to  him. Thomas,  twenty  fifth  archbifhop . The  fee  vacant  the  conqueror  appointed  one  'Thomas ,  his  chaplain,  a  Norman  and  canon  A- of  Bayeux ,  to  fill  the  chair.  Thomas ,  though  but  a  canon,  was  very  rich,  and  aflifted  the duke  in  his  enterprife  againll  England  with  all  his  fortune.  For  which  he  promifed  him  a biffioprick,  if  he  fucceeded,  and  payed  him  with  York.  Goodwin  writes  that  he  was  the fon  of  a  married  prieft.  Thomas  was  educated  in  the  fchools  of  the  Saxons  in  France ,  foys Goodwin ,  but  what  fchools  they  were  I  know  not,  andfpent  fome  time  in  Spain  and  Germany in  order  to  finiffi  his  ftudies. This  prelate  bears  an  excellent  character  in  hiflory,  for  not  only  being  a  very  learned man,  but  of  a  mild  and  gentle  difpofition,  both  in  words  and  behaviour.  Fie  had  a  fweec and  amiable  countenance  and  a  goodly.jjerfonage  (q).  In  his  youth  he  was  beautiful,  in his  age  florid  ;  and  his  hair  as  white  as  l'now.  Add  to  thefe,  that  through  the  whole  con¬ duct  of  his  life  he  was  of  an  unblemifhed  character  as  to  chaflity. At  his  firfl  entrance  to  the  fee  he  refufed  profeffion  of  obedience  to  Lai  franc  archbifliop of  Canterbury.  On  which  a  conteft  began,  which  continued  with  equal  warmth  in  their  fuc- ceffors  for  fome  ages.  Goodwin  quotes  an  anonymous  author  for  faying,  that  before  the conquell  the  two  metropolitans  of  England,  were  not  only  equal  in  authority,  dignity  and office,  but  alio  in  number  of  fuffragan  biffiops.  But  at  this  time  the  Canluanans  perfuadeJ the  king  that  York  ought  to  be  fubjeft  to  their  fee;  and  that  it  was  for  the  good  and  fafeiy of  the  whole  kingdom  that  the  church  ffiould  be  obedient  principally  unto  one;  left  one of  them  might  let  the  crown  on  one  man’s  head,  and  the  other  do  as  much  for  fome  bo¬ dy  elle.  This  advice  did  not  difpleafe  William ,  and  Thomas  though  overborn  by  the  kincr’s and  Lanfranc’s  authority,  however  appealed  to  the  pope.  To  Rome  the  two  archbifhops travelled ;  where  Lanfranc  alledged  prefeription  for  his  right,  and  offered  to  make  proof of  the  fame.  Thomas  was  as  ready,  as  he,  to  plead  his  own  caufe  ;  but  the  pope  unwil¬ ling  to  concern  himfelf  in  this  nice  affair,  remitted  the  hearing  thereof  back  again  to  the king,  who,  partially  enough,  in  the  year  1070,  gave  it  for  Canterbury  (r). (n)  Ail  ligamen  facci. (0)  Higbtejl  thou  Urfc,  in  old  Englijh,  means  art  thou called  Urfe  ? (p)  Baleus  de  feript.  Brit. (<j)  Elegantia  perfonatus ,  fpettabilis,  defulerio  videntibus emt  -}  j uveitis  vigors  c t  aequalitate  membrormn  conrnodus. fenex  vividae  fac'ui  et  capillis  cygneus.  Malmf. (r)  Caufa  deprimatu  inter  arch'ufijcopos  ventilata  cfl  comm regc  in  civ  it  ate  Wynton ;  pojlea  determinant  ejl  apud  Wyn  - defor  >F  fig.  Willielmi  regis  >p  fig.  Mathildis  reginae,  ex autographo  in  archivo  ecclef.  Cantuar.  Vide  Malmf.  lib.  3 . M*7* ■5  N 7 homas 4*4 The  HISTORY  and  ANTI  QU  IT  I E  S  Book  II. {s).. Thomas  had  a  more  difficult  affair  to  manage  than  his  opponent,  Jays  Eadmcr,  be- caufe  moft  of  the  ancient  charters  and  privileges,  granted  to  the  fee  of  York ,  were  de- ftroyed  by  fire  a  little  before  his  coming  to  it.  The  feparate  titles  for  primacy,  as  drawn up  by  Fuller  in  his  church  hiftory,  may  not  be  unacceptable  to  the  reader.  But  the  whole controverfy  about  the  bones  of  St.  Wilfrid  faid  to  be  removed  by  Odo  archbiffiop  of  Canter¬ bury ,  and  which  may  properly  be  faid  to  have  been  bones  of  contention  ;  as  alio  the  affair at  length  relating  to  the  diipute  about  primacy,  from  the  ftrft  to  the  final  determination under  Edward  III,  may  be  feen  in  Wharton' s  Ang.fac.  t.  i. Canterbury. 1.  No  catholick  perfon  will  deny  but  that the  pope  is  the  fountain  of  fpiritual  honour, to  place  and  difplace  at  pleafure.  He  firft gave  the  primacy  to  Canterbury ,  and  where¬ fore  as  the  proper  place  of  the  archbiffiop of  Canterbury  in  a  general  council,  was  next the  biffiop  of  St.  Ruffinus ;  Anfelm  and  his fucceflors  were  advanced  by  pope  Urban  to fit  at  the  pope’s  right  foot;  as  alterius  orbis papa. 2.  The  Englifh  kings  have  ever  allowed the  priority  to  Canterbury  ;  for  a  duarchy  in the  church,  viz:  two  archbiffiops,  equal  in power,  being  inconfiftent  with  a  monarchy in  ftate,  they  have  ever  countenanced  the  fu- periority  of  Canterbury ,  that  the  church  go¬ vernment  might  be  uniform  with  the  com¬ monwealth. 3.  Cuftom  has  been  accounted  a  king  in all  places  ;  which,  time  out  of  mind,  hath decided  the  precedency  to  Canterbury . York. 1.  When  Gregor v  the  great ,  made  York and  Canterbury  archbiffiops  fees,  he  affixed precedency  to  neither,  but  that  they  ffiould take  place  acccording  to  the  feniority  of their  confecrations.  Untill  Larfr.inc  chap¬ lain  to  king  William  thinking  it  but  reafon that  he  ffiould  domineer  over  all  the  cler¬ gy,  as  his  matter 'did  over  the  laity  of  En¬ gland ,  ufurped  the  fuperiority  over  the  fee of  York. 2.  If  antiquity  be  to  be  refpected,  long before  Gregory’s  time  York  was  the  fee  of  an archbiffiop,  whilft  as  yet  pagan  Canterbury was  never  dreamed  of  for  that  purpofe.  Lu¬ cius  the  firlt  chriflian  Britijh  king  founding a  cathedral  therein,  and  placing  Sam,  fin  as archbiffiop  of  the  fame,  who  had  Taunnus , Pyrannus  and  Tadiacus  for  his  fucceflors. 3.  If  the  extent  of  the  jurifdifiion  be  mea- fured,  York,  though  the  lefier  in  England , is  the  larger  in  Britain.  As  having  the  en¬ tire  kingdom  of  Scotland  fubjett  to  it.  Be- fides,  if  the  three  biffiopricks,  viz.  Worcejler , Litchfield  and  Lincoln ,  formerly  injurioufly taken  from  York ,  were  reftored  unto  it ;  it would  vye,  even  Englifh  latitude,  with  Can¬ terbury  itfelf. After  the  king  had  given  fentence  againft  him,  Thomas  repaired  to  his  fee  at  York, where  he  found  the  whole  ftate  of  his  diocefe,  the  city  and  cathedral  church  efpeciully,  in a  forlorn  and  miferable  condition.  The  fire  that  had  happened  at  the  taking  of  the  caftfes of  York  by  the  Danes ,  had  confumed  the  church,  and,  well  nigh,  laid  the  whole  city  in affies.  And  William's  barbarity  coming  on  the  neck  of  this  had  done  as  much  for  the country  round  it.  Seven  poor  hunger  ftarved  canons  were  all  that  were  left,  the  reft  were either  dead,  or  through  fear  and  want  gone  into  a  voluntary  exile.  However  the  prelate fet  himfelf  heartily  to  reftore  all  again.  The  church  he  rebuilt,  called  back  the  canons, as  many  as  he  could  find,  to  their  flails,  or  placed  others  in  their  rooms.  Then  he  took order  for  a  competent  provifion  for  them.  He  built  them  a  hall  and  a  dortoir;  and  ap pointed  one  of  them  to  be  the  provoft  or  governour  of  the  reft.  Certain  manors  and  lands of  his  own  he  fettled  on  them  ;  and  took  care  to  get  reftored  what  had  been  unjuftly,  in the  late  troubles,  taken  from  them.  And  at  length  finding  it  inconvenient  for  them  to live  together  on  the  common  charges  of  the  church,  at  one  table,  like  the  fellows  ofhoufes in  our  univerfities,  he  thought  fit  to  divide  the  lands  belonging  to  his  cathedral  church into  independent  prebends.  To  allot  a  particular  portion  for  the  fubfiftence  ofcacheccle- fiaftick,  that  they  might  better  improve  the  lands  which  were  wafted,  by  every  per  ion’s building  upon  and  cultivating  his  own  ffiare. The  feveral  offices  of  dean,  treafurer,  precentor,  and  chancellor  were  now  appointed. He  likewife  conftituted  archdeacons,  and  fent  them  through  his  _ diocefe  to  fee  that  good induftrious  priefts  were  every  where  encouraged.  To  the  church  newly  built  by  him  he added  a  library,  and  furniffied  it  with  good  and  ufeful  books  ;  with  a  fchoolmafter  to  teach and  inftru£t  the  youth  in  languages.  The  church  he  repleniffied  with  all  kinds  of  necef- fary  habits  and  ornaments;  but  his  more  efpecial  care  was  that  it  ffiould  be  filled  with learned,  honeft  and  found  divines.  Which  he  alfo  took  care  to  fee  planted  through  his whole  diocefe. Thus  did  this  truly  provident  paftor  attend  his  flock  and  fpent  his  time  amongft  them  ; fometimes  converfing  with  one  of  his  priefts  and  then  with  another,  partly  for  his  own (s)  6)ui  eo  quidem  magis  in  iflo  laboravit,  quod  antique iffius  ecclefiae  privilegia  in  ea  conflagrations  quae  eandem eccl.  confumpfit ,  pens  orvnin  perieranr.  Eadmcri  hfl. amufe- Chap. I.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YOR'K.  4 amufcment,  and  partly  to  know  their  worth,  that  he  might  place  each  man  accordin°-  to his  merit.  He  was  himfelf  a  great  proficient  in  arts  and  (ciences  -,  he  wrote  feveral  things, and  is  laid  to  have  been,  by  Hoveden,  an  excellent  mufieian,  and  could  not  oniy  play  well upon  the  organ,  but  did  compofe  and  fet  many  pieces  of  church  mufick  (!•).  Bale  has  in- judicioufly  giver,  this  faculty  to  his  fuccelTor  Thomas  II ;  who,  he  fays,  compofed  for  the ule  of  the  church  of  York Cantus  eccleftaflicos  lib.  i. Officiorum  ejufdem  ecc.  lib.  j but  it  is  a  miftake  in  that  author,  for  it  was  this  Thomas  that  had  that  turn  to  mufick; a  faculty  very  rare  in  thofe  days. Thirty  years  did  this  worthy  prelate  fill  the  archiepifcopal  chair  at  York  none  before or  fince,  evendown  to  the  prefent,  with  more  honour  and  credit  to  it.  At  length  after he  had  lived  to  crown  king  Henry  I.  on  the  5th  of  Augnft  1100,  the  i8,h  of  November  fol¬ lowing  lie  fiiiifhed  the  coerfe  ol  a  virtuous  and  painful  life  at  Ripon  ;  and  was  buried  in  his own  cathedral,  which  he  lived  to  finifh,  next  unto  Aldred  his  immediate  predecefTor.  The epitaph  following  is  afcribed  by  fome  to  his  fucceffor  Thomas  II  •,  but  by  feveral  things  in it  as  the  date  of  his  death;  defcription  of  his  perfon;  &c.  it  ought  to  be'lon^  to  this  Tbo~ mas.  And  here  accordingly  I  place  it» Orb  a  pio ,  viduata  bono ,  paftore ,  pairont) , Urbs  Eboraca  dolet ,  non  babitura  parem. Qualm  vix  uni ,  perform,  fdenlia ,  vita, .  Contjgerat  Thomae,  nobilis ,  alt  a,  bona. Canities,  hilar  is  facies,  flatura  venufta, Angelici  vultus  fplendor  ct  inftar  erat. Hie  nutnero  alque  rnodo  doftrinae  feu  probit atis Cleric  us  omnis  erat  vcl  magis  omnis  homo. Haec  domus  ct  clerus  fub  tempo,  praefule  felix, Paene  quod  eft  e t  habet  muneris  omne  fui  eft  *, Oft  avis  igitur  Martini  tr  unfit  ille Qui  pietate  Deo  fit  comes  in  requie, Gerardus,  twenty  ftxth  archbifhop. After  the  death  of  Thomas  Gerard  nephew  to  Walkling  bifiiop  of  Wmchefler,  and  chan- a  mc cellour  of  England,  temp.  IVtllmm  I.  and  IViUiam  Rufus ,  having  been  fome  fmall  time  bi- Ihojo  oi  Hereford  was  elefted  to  York.  He,  like  his  predecefior,  denied  to  pay  obedience to  Canterbury,  for  which  realon  he  was  not  confecrated  of  a  long  time,  till  being  command- ec  to  it  by  letters  from  the  pope,  lie  at  length  fubmitted.  This  prelate  alfo  was  a  erreae benefactor  to  the  church  at  York,  for  he  obtained  from  the  king  the  grant  and  impropriation of  the  church  of  Laughton,  which  he  gave  to  the  chapter,  and  it  was  annexed*  to  the chancellorfiup.  He  got  into  his  hands  likewife  the  churches  of  Driffield,  Killam  Pockling- ton  Pickering  and  Burgh,  which  he  beftowed  in  like  manner  upon  that  church,  SmithiX- lo  lie  had  the  polieffion  of,  but  this  he  gave  to  the  abbey  of  Selby. Thefe  were  his  benefadlions,  but  William  of  Newborough  accufes'him  for  living  an  un- fteady  life,  and  fpunging  by  very  indirect  methods  the  purfes  of  his  clergy  and  °fubie<fts He  allows  him,  however,  to  be  a  fenfible  and  learned  man.  He  flu  archbifhop  feven  years and  a  moft  fix  months,  and  died  fuddenly  in  his  (u)  garden  at  Southwell,  at  a  time  when no  body  was  prefent,  May  21,1 108.  For  which  reafon  he  was  not  fuffered  to  be  buried  in his  church  at  York,  but  only  in  the  church-yard.  But  Ihomas  his  fucceffor  caufed  his  bo¬ dy  to  be  removed,  and  placed  behind  the  high  altar  ;  tinder  a  ftone  which  had  an  inferip- tion  on  it,  as  Leland  informs  us-,  but  what  he  fays  not.  Stubbs  writes  that  he  was  a  man of  great  learning  and  for  eloquence  admirable.  But  Goodwin  is  offended  at  him,  as  he  was before  with  St.  Ofwald  his  predeceffor,  for  his  acerbity  to  the  married  priefls.  Bayle  has aworfe  fling  at  him  for  the  fame  reafon,  and  flicks  not  to  lay  forcery  and  conjuration to  liis  charge ;  becaufe  the  bifhop  happened  to  have  a  volume  of  Firmicus ,  on  aftrolo^y round  under  his  pillow  ( x ).  OJ Thomas  II,  twenty  feventh  archbifhop. Thomas  the  fecond  of  that  name  and  chaplain  to  king  Henry  I.  fucceeded.  He  was  ne- phew  to  the  former  Thomas,  fon  unto  Sampfon  bifhop  of  Worcefter ,  and  brother  to  Richard biihop  of  Bayeux.  He  is  laid  to  have  been  a  very  corpulent  man,  and  but  young  in  years A.  MCVIII. (0  Of  what  antiquity  organs  and  church  mufick  arc, lec  the  reverend  Mr.  Johnfon's  collections  of  eccleliafti- call  laws,  &c.  fub  anno  1  305  ;  who  has  made  a  learned remark  upon  this  fubjett.  London  1720.  two  vol.  8°. (u)  A  pud  Southwellum  cum  pranfns  in  horlo  juxta cubic ulum  clcricis  [trope  fpatiantibus  piper  cervical  fub  dio fuiefeeret  lct.il/  fopore  diriguit,  Corpus  rare  agmine  Ebor, delatum  extra  ecclefiam  fine  bonore  fepultum,  neque  clericis ncc  civibus  cum  pompx  exequiali  ex  more  occumnnbus  Jed ptteris,  ut\  dicebatur,  fandapilam  lapidantibus  fine  bonore ftpulturae  traditum.  Gul.  Newburg. (x)  This  book  of  conjuration  maybe  feen  in  ma- nufeript,  intituled  Julius  Firmicus  de  afirologia.  In  catxl Kenclmi  Digby.  Wanley,  1813,  21 2. when The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookH. when  he  wascleded  bilhop.  Yet  he  was  of  fueh  good  parts  and  proficiency  in  learning, that  he  was  called  from  the  provoftfhip  of  Beverley  to  the  fee  ot  London,  then  vacant  by the  death  ot  Mauritius  *,  and  had  juft  accepted  of  it,  when  2'ork  falling  too  he  was  tranflated to  that  lee  •,  and  confecrated  'June  26,  an.  1109.  Like  his  predecellors  he  was  very  un¬ willing  to  bow  the  knee  to  Canterbury ,  though  often  fummoned  by  archbilhop  Anjelm to  that  purpofe,  which  he  as  often  excufed.  Anjelm  at  length  falling  fick,  and  perceiv¬ ing  his  end  to  draw  nigh,  wrote  unto  all  the  bilhops  in  England  commanding  them  not to°confecrate  Thomas  before  he  had  made  his  profeffion,  on  pain  of  excommunication  and the  cenfures  of  the  church.  The  curfe  of  father  Anfehn ,  on  this  occafion,  is  fo  remarkable that  I  have  tranferibed  great  part  of  it  from  Eadmer  and  the  reader  will  find  it  under  this note  (y).  Anjdm  dying,  the  king  commanded  the  bifhop  of  Worcefter ,  whofe  fon  our  cleft was,  to  confecrate  him,  but  the  bilhop  refufed  it  and  Lid,  he  would  not  do  a  thing  where¬ by  he  might  incur  father  Anjelm* s  curie  for  any  worldly  profit  or  preferment.  But  in  the end  Thomas  being  perfwaded  to  yield,  (z)  as  others  had  donebefore  him,  he  had  confecration June  27,  1108.  "by  the  then  bifhop  of  London-,  making  his  profeffion  with  this  clauie, faving  his  obedience  to  the  pope  and  king,  and  the  right  of  his  church  of  York. This  prelate  conftituted  two  new  prebends  in  his  church  i  of  which  Weight  on  is  lup- pofed  to  be  one.  He  placed  canons  at  Hexam  •,  he  gave  leveral  parcels  of  land  to  the  col¬ lege  of  Southwell ,  and  purchafed  from  the  king  the  like  privileges  and  liberties  for  them, which  the  prebendaries  of  York,  Beverley  and  Ripon  enjoyed.  He  fat  but  a  little  above  five years,  for  he  died  February  16,  anno  1 1 14,  and  was  buried  in  his  cathedral  church  at  York next  to  his  uncle.  . I  muft  not  omit  to  mention  what  feveral  hiftorians  have  thought  fit  to  record  ot  this archbilhop,  that  he  was  a  moll  eminent  example  of  an  unfpotted  chaftity;  for,  filling  in¬ to  very  bad  ftate  of  health,  he  was  told  by  his  phyficians,  1  fuppofe  on  account  of  his  grofs habit  of  body,  that  if  he  would  ufe  the  company  of  woman ,  he  need  not  doubt  of  his  re¬ covery  •,  otherways  nothing  was  to  be  looked  for  but  inevitable  death,  he  prelate  re¬ ceded  the  prefeript,  and  chofe  rather  to  die  than  to  pollute  his  high  and  facred  calling with  fo  foul  and  heinous  an  offence  (a). Whether  fo  eafy  a  remedy  would  be  rejeded  ********  *****  *  *  * *********  after  this  manner  die  a  kind  of  a  martyr  to  celibacy ,  and  Jhew  fuch  an uncommon  contempt  for  carnal  affection  ? Thurstanus,  twenty  eighth  archbijhop. Thomas  dying,  as  is  before  related,  Thurflan  a  canon  of  St.  Paul's,  and  chaplain  to  king A.  MCXIV.  H  j  fucceeded  (b).  This  man  after  his  election  made  a  ftronger  pufh  to  obviate  the profeffion  claimed  by  Canterbury  than  any  of  his  predeceflbrs.  For  when  by  no  means  he could  gain  confecration  from  Ralph  the  archbilhop  without  it  •,  he  renounced  and  forfook the  benefit  of  his  eledion.  But  remembring  himfelf  at  laft,  he  travelled  to  Rome  to  plead his  caufe,  and  the  caufe  of  the  fee,  before  the  pope  •,  and  him  he  fatisfied  fo  well  in  the juftice  of  it,  that  Thurflan  returned  with  letters  both  to  the  king  and  archbilhop  of  Can¬ terbury  in  his  favour.  But  thefe  letters  not  prevailing,  that  prelate  being  refolute  to  op- pofe  him,  and  Thurflan  as  refolved  to  deny  fubjedion,  the  fee  remained  void  a  long At  laft  it  happened  that  a  general  council  was  fummoned  to  beheld  at  Rheirns ,  Thurflan alked  leave  of  the  king  to  attend  it ;  but  could  not  obtain  that  favour  before  he  had  pro- mifed  that  he  would  not  receive  confecration  at  it.  This  promife,  however,  he  little  mind¬ ed,  but  plied  his  own  bufinefs  fo  well  that  before  any  of  the  Englifh  bilhops  came  over, he  was  a  bilhop  ready  confecrate  as  well  as  they  i  and  had  that  dignity  conferred  on  him by  the  hands  of  the  pope  himfelf.  Thus  Thurflan  of  all  the  archbilhops  of  York ,  fince  the conqueft,  was  the  only  man  who  never  made  profelfion  of  fubjedion  to  the  fee  of  Canter¬ bury.  This  bilhop  Goodwin  afferts  *,  but  it  muft  be  a  miftake,  in  part,  for  the  council  at Rheims  was  not  held  till  1 148,  fome  years  after  our  prelate’s  death. The  king  hearing  of  this  affair  of  Thurflan' s  was  highly  difpleal'ed  at  him,  and  forbad his  return  into  the  realm  of  England.  Neither  could  the  pope,  meeting  with  the  king (y)  Anfelmus  minifler  ecclefae  Cant.  Thomae  elect, archiep.  Ebor.  Tibi  Thomae  in  confpeftu  omnipotent is  Dei Ego  Anfelmus  archiep.  Cant,  et  totius  Britanniae  primus loqttor.  Loqnens  ex  parte  ip/ius  Dei,  facer  dot  ale  officium , quod  meo  juffu  in  parochi*  mex  per  fujfraganeum  rneum (ifcepijh,  tibi  interdico  atque  praecipio  ne  te  de  aliqux  ettra padorall  ullo  modo  praefumxs  intromittere,  donee  a  rebellione quam  contra  ecclefiam  Cant .  incepijii,  dij cedes,  et  ei fubjectionem quam  antecejfores  tut,  Thomas  -videlicet  et  Gerardus  ar¬ chiep.  ex  antiqux  antecejforum  confuetudine  profefli  punt, prof  tear  is ;  quod  ft  in  iis  quae  cotpijli  magis  perf ever  are quam  eis  dejijlere  delegeris,  omnibus  epifeopis  totius  Britan¬ niae  fub  perpetuo  anathemate  interdico,  ne  tibi  ullus  eorum muntis  ad  promotionem  pontificatus  imponat,  vel  ft  in  exter- nis  promotus  fueris,  pro  epifeopo  vel  in  aliqua  thrifnana  com- munitate  te  fufeipiat.  Tibi  quoque,  Thoma,  fub  eodem  ana¬ themate  ex  parte  Dei  interdico,  tit  nunquam  bencdiclionem epifcopxtus  Ebor.  fufeipias  nifi  prius  projejjionem ,  quam  an- teceffores  ttti  Thomas  et  Gerardus  ecclejiae  Cant,  ftcertmt. facies,  &c.  Eadmeri  hip. (z.)  Ceffit  ills  non  rationi  fed  potentiae,  fx.daque  projeJ- ftone  fufeepit  a  miniflro  Richardo  foil.  Lond.  epif.  quod  dr- treclavtrat  a  magifro,  as  Malmfbury  in  a  pretty  turn  cx- prefles  it.  ...... (a )  Verba  Thomae  Ebor.  arch,  menturt  qtti.%  recujabat coticubitum  mulitris.  Propter  falutem  carnis  tandem  mo* riturae  immortale  pudicitiae  decus  non  omittam.  Gut. Kewbrig. (b )  Eligitur  die  affumptionis  S-  Marite  an.  1 1 14.  Hove- den.  271.  n  3.  Sim.  Dun.  c.  236. at 417 Chap. I.  of  the  CHURCH  «/ YORK, at  Gifors ,  fo  pacify  his  difpleafure  that  he  would  recall  him.  Five  years  he  continued  in  ba- nifliment,  and  might  have  done  fo  to  the  end  of  his  days,  had  not  the  holy  father  railed  the apoftolical  thunderbolt  in  his  favour,  which  he  threatned  to  throw  both  againft  the  king and  the  archbifhop  ot  Canterbury  if  they  refufed  him  any  longer  admiffion  to  his  fee  and charge.  This  method  prevailed,  T hurjlan  was  recalled,  and  loon  after  entirely  reconciled to  the  king. This  prelate  is  much  praifed  by  hiftorians  for  his  learning,  great  wifdom  and  diferetion. As  alfo  for  his  induftry,  diligence,  his  care  and  painfulnefs  in  well  executing  his  epifcopal charge.  He  was  very  kind  to  his  canons,  unto  whom,  amongft  other  things,  he  granted this  privilege  that  the  yearly  profit  of  theii*  prebends  being  divided  into  three  parts,  it  fhould be  lawful  for  any  canon  to  bequeath  two  parts  of  the  year  next  enfuing  his  death  to  his  heirs allotting  the  remaining  part  to  the  fabrick  ;  that  is,  to  the  reparation  of  the  church.  This order  he  fixed  not  only  at  York  but  at  Beverley ,  Southwell  and  Ripon ,  which  were  colleges founded  by  archbifhops  of  York ,  and  like  wife  in  the  free  chapel  of  St.  Ofwald's  in  Gloucejler , which  was  under  the  foie  Jurifdiction  of  the  archbifhop  of  York ,  being  originally  granted  by the  king  in  conlideration  of  the  archbifhop’s  confent  to  the  removal  of  the  epifeopol  fee  from Dorchcjler  to  Lincoln.  But  if  our  prelate  was  thus  kind  to  the  regular  elegy,  he  was  much more  beneficent  to  the  feculars,  for  he  is  faid  to  have  either  founded  or  renewed  and  repair¬ ed  no  lefs  than  eight  monafteries,  Amongft  which  the  abbey  of  Fountains,  near  Ripon ,  va¬ lued  at  the  diffolution  at  one  thoufand  one  hundred  and  feventy  three  pounds  and  leven  pence half-penny  per  annum ,  was  very  confiderable. It  was  the  cuftom  in  his  time  and  after,  for  the  kings  of  England  to  be  folemnly  crowned at  the  three  great  feftivals  every  year  ;  and  Henry  I.  having  fummoned  all  the  prelates  and nobility  ot  the  realm  to  Windfor  on  that  occafion,  our  archbifhop  appeared,  and  would  there have  crowned  the  king  equally  with  the. archbifhop  of  Canterbury ,  but  he  was  rebuffed,  and the  bearer  of  his  crofs,  together  with  the  crofs  itfelf,  was  thrown  out  of  the  king’s  chape). For  it  was  alledged  that  no  metropolitan  out  of  his  own  province  could  have  any  crofs  born before  him. Grown  old  and  very  infirm  having  fat  in  the  chair  twenty  lix  years,  that  is  from  his  firft election  to  it,  he  determined  to  forfake  the  world  and  become  a  monk  in  a  monaftery  dedica¬ ted  to  St.  John ,  of  the  Cluniack  order,  in  Pontfrete.  And  accordingly  he  refigned  his  bi- fhoprick,  Jan.  15,  1143-,  but  his  cowle  was  fcarce  warm  on  his  back,  fays  Goodwin ,  when death  altered  his  condition,  on  the  fifth  of  February  following  •,  and  he  was  buried  in  the church  belonging  to  that  monaftery  at  Pontfrete.  I  made  a  fearch  for  his  grave,  near  a place  in  the  wall  on  the  fouth  fide  of  the  choir  of  this  church,  which  is  now  in  ruin  ;  but  in- ftead  of  the  prelate,  we  found  vaft  numbers  of  human  fculls  and  bones,  all  regularly  piled up,  and  laid  in  admirable  order.  A  pious  action  of  the  monks,  and  which  has  been  met with  in  the  ruins  of  feveral  other  monafteries  in  this  kingdom.  The  life  of  thi£  prelate  was alfo  wrote  by  two  monks  of  this  priory,  the  manufeript  copy  of  it  is  in  the  Cotton  library, but  fomewhat  damaged  by  the  fire  (c ). Henricus  Murdac,  twenty  ninth  archbifhop.  A  MCXLU King  Stephen  had  a  nephew  called  William  fon  unto  Emma  hisfifter  by  earl  Herbert ;  being a  man,  fays  Stubbs ,  no  lefs  noble  in  mind  and  virtue  than  ftock  and  lineage.  From  being treafurer  of  York ,  he  was  elected  archbifhop,  and  having  alfo  obtained  confecration  he  fent to  Rome,  according  to  cuftom,  for  his  pall.  But  his  fuit  there  was  retarded  by  reafon  of fome  adverlaries  who  made  feveral  objections  againft  him  •,  and  at  length  a  procefs  came  out from  the  Vatican  to  warn  him  to  come  thither  and  anfwer  in  perfon  to  the  things  laid  to  his charge.  At  his  arrival  in  Rome  he  found  his  adverfaries  more  in  number  and  more  power¬ ful  than  he  expeCced-,  amongft  whom  St.  Bernard  was  none  of  the  leaft.  Eugenius ,  the  then pope,  had  been  brought  up  in  the  abby  of  Clareval ,  under  this  abbot  Bernard ;  together with  (d)  Henry  Murdac,  afterwards  abbot  of  Fountains ,  whom  William' s  opponents  had  fet up  againft  him.  And  notwithftanding  all  he  could  do,  or  fay,  this  Henry  was  confecrated archbifhop  of  York  by  the  pope  himfelf ;  and  fent  into  England  with  his  pall. King  Stephen  hearing  of  this  was  much  troubled  at  the  difgrace  his  nephew  had  met  withMCXLVII. at  Rome  and  therefore  ftood  upon  terms  with  the  new  prelate,  requiring  him  to  lwear  feal¬ ty  to  him  in  an  extraordinary  manner.  Which  being  refufed  the  king  took  hold  of  that occafion  to  quarrel  with  him.  In  this  interval  our  prelate  remained  at  Hexatn  j  and  when  he would  have  made  his  entrance  into  York-,  he  was  not  only  oppofed  by  the  canons  of  the  ca¬ thedral  church,  but  the  (e)  citizens  fiding  with  the  king  fhut  him  out  of  the  city.  Upon which  he  retired  to  Beverley.  It  is  faid  that  in  this  tumult  an  archdeacon,  a  friend  to  arch- bilhop  Murdac,  was  taken  and  beheaded  in  the  city.  From  Beverley  he  thundered  out  his anathema’s  againft  them  all,  and  not  only  fufpended  the  canons  of  the  church,  but  laid  the whole  city  under  an  interdict.  Eufiace  fon  of  king  Stephen  was  then  at  York,  and  endea- (r)  Vita  S.  Thurftani  arch.  Ebor.  parthn  oratione  foluta, par  tun  ligata  per  Hugonem  dc  Pontefradto  momchum,  et Gall-rid.  de  Nottingham.  Titus,  A.  xix.  13. ( d)  Chron.  Gervalii  monach.  Cant.  Hen.  dc  Murdac  ab. 4 has  Jc  Fontibus  eleftus  et  confecratns  arch.  Ebor.  per  pap  am oft.  S.An&x. anno  1147.  Chron.de  Mailros. (s)  Corn.  Hifi.  Simeon.  Dunelm, 5  O voured 4i8  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookII. voured  to  perfwade  the  prelate  to  remit  his  fentence;  but  when  lie  could  not  prevail  with him  to  take  oil  the  interdict,  ot  his  own  power  and  authority  he  caufed  proclamation  to  be made  in  the  city,  that  all  divine  offices  fhould  be  performed  as  ufual. Thefe  contentions  lafted  two  or  three  years,  and  much  mifchief  enfued  upon  them,  till  at laft  the  king  was  in  fome  mealure  reconciled  to  him,  fo  that  he  continued  archbiffiop  peace¬ ably  the  reft  of  his  life  •,  but  never  entered  the  city  to  the  day  of  his  interment.  He  fat  ac¬ cording  to  Slnbbs,  fcven  years,  by  others  ten,  and  dyed  at  Beverley  (f)  Oft.  14,  11-3,  and was  buried  in  the  cathedral  at  York. ^  ^  Gulielmus  fan  ft  us,  thirtieth  archbijhop. (g)  IVxlliam ,  immediately  after  his  deprivation  at  Rome,  being  greatly  moved  with  the falfv  calumnies  call  upon  him  by  his  enemies,  retired  into  England,  and  betook  himfelfwith much  patience  and  rcfignation  to  the  monaftery  at  IVinchefter.  Where  he  fpent  moll  of  his time  with  his  uncle  Henry ,  the  bifhop  of  that  fee,  who  firil  confecrated  him.  It  chanced, a  little  before  Henry  Murdac  died,  that  pope  Eugenius  his  old  acquaintance,  as  alfo  St.  Ber¬ nard,  preceptor  to  them  both,  departed  this  life.  William,  upon  this  turn,  was  much  en¬ couraged  by  his  friends  to  make,  complaint  unto  Anafiafius  the  new  pope,  of  the  wrong  done him  by  his  predeceffor.  With  much  importuning  he  was  prevailed  upon  to  undertake  the journey,  but  had  fcarce  begun  to  ftate  his  cafe,  when  he  had  certain  information  of  the  death of  his  rival  and  adverfary  Murdac.  Following  the  advice  of  one  Gregory  a  cardinal,  as  it  is laid,  with  little  trouble  he  wasreftored  unto  all  his  honours  ;  and  had  the  pall  alfo  delivered to  him. Returning  into  England  before  Eajler ,  he  kept  that  feftival  with  his  unkle  of  IVinchefter , and  then  let  out  for  his  diocefe.  On  the  load  he  was  met  by  Robert  de  Gaunt  dean  of  York , and  Ofbert  archdeacon  of  the  fame,  who  pofitively  forbad  him  entrance  into  their  church. For  what  reafon  I  know  not,  but  the  prelate,  taking  no  notice  of  them,  continued  his  jour¬ ney,  and  was  met  on  the  confines  of  his  province  by  all  the  reft  of  his  clergy,  with  com¬ monality  innumerable.  Polydore  Virgil  writes,  that  William  paffing  the  river  at  Ferry-bridge, near  Pontfrete ,  fo  great  a  crowd  of  people  prefied  after  him  that  the  bridge,  then  made  of wood,  gave  way  and  fell  into  the  river  with  all  the  company  upon  it.  The  pious  bifhop beholding  this  difafter,  though  fafe  himfelf  from  it,  yet  greatly  commiferating  the  cafe  of fo  many  poor  mortals  who  came  to  do  him  honour,  inftantly  fell  on  his  knees  and  implored the  divine  goodnefs  to  preferve  their  livesj  which,  adds  my  authority,  was  granted,  for  not one  of  the  whole  multitude  perifhed,  but  all  got  fafe  to  ffioar. Our  Italian  author,  an  excellent  miracle  writer,  hascatched  this  flory  upon  the  rebound, and  given  it  a  new  fanclion  from  the  name  of  Pontefraft,  a  town  as  he  fays  truly  not  far from  Ferry-bridge.  But  Pontefraft ,  or  rather  the  Norman  Pontfrete,  took  its  name  from  a different  occafion,  as  J  could  ffiew,  were  it  to  my  purpofe  in  this  place  to  do  it.  Brompton , who  writes  this  ftory  at  large,  feems  to  make  York  the  place  where  this  miracle  happened  ; cum  aulem  civitatem  Eboracenfem  intranet,  et  fontem  poft  patrem  effrenata  multitudo  filiorum populorum  tranjire  vellet,  &c.  Now  civitas  Eboracenfis,  in  this  place,  molt  certainly  fignifies the  city  itfelf  •,  there  is  no  room  to  fufpefl  the  old  monk  for  imitating  Caefar  and  Tacitus  in their  fignification  of  civitas  and  he  would  undoubtedly  have  mentioned  what  river  or  bridge, if  it  was  in  the  county  at  large.  But  Stubbs  puts  the  matter  out  of  all  difpute,  and  exprefsly mentions  the  city  of  York,  and  the  river  Oufe,  over  which  this  wooden  bridge  then  flood.  Be- fides,  as  l  have  ellewhere  hinted,  a  chapel  was  built  on  Oufe-bridge  and  dedicated  to  this faint ;  which  flood  till  the  reformation,  and  in  all  probability  was  firft  eredled  in  memory  of the  accident.  I  am  perfwaded  a  true  blue  protejlant  will  not  believe  this  miracle  at  all  j  but that  ffiall  not  hin  ler  me  from  doing  juflice  to  the  prelate  I  am  writing  of,  and  therefore the  reader  may  find  the  flory  as  recorded  by  Brompton  and  Stubbs  under  this  note  (g). Having  been  received  with  great  honour  in  his  metropolitical  city,  our  prelate  besan  a mild  and  gentle  government,  luitable  to  the  fweetnefs  of  his  natural  difpofition.  Nor  did he  fhew  any  token  or  the  leaft  appearance  of  gall  or  malice  againft  his  molt  inveterate  ene¬ mies.  He  is  reported  to  have  laid  fchemes  for  doing  many  good  works  in  his  diocefe,  but was  fnatched  away  by  death  before  any  of  them  was  finifhed.  He  fell  fick  foon  after  Whn- ( f)  Stubbs  fays  Shireburn ;  but  John  the  prior  of  Hexam, conu-mpoiary,  makes  him  die  at  Beverley. (g)  Sim.  Dunelrn,  7.76,  279.  Mon.Ang.w ol.I.  p.  749. \h)  Cum  autem  civitatem  Eboracenfem  intraret ,  et portion  pofl  patron  ejfren.ua  filiorum  multitudo  populorum tranjire  vellet,  ponjerofitate  rupta  efi  lignei  pontis  compago , itac.ue,  quod  horrendum  efi  vifu,  et  fiupendum  relatu,  rrtulti- tudinesvirorum,  mulierum,  et  praecipue  infantium,  catena¬ tion  inter  rabid  a  fiuvii  fiuenta  ceciderunt.  Ubi  profunda fin  minis  habebatur  altitudo ,  mixtis  hominibus  eqttis  phale- ratis.  Convtrfus  vir  dei  ad  populum  infanis  undis  nndique im  olutum  falutiftro figno  crucis  eos  infgmvit,  et  refiolutus  in filet um  ora t tones  Deo  obtulit  ne  profunda  obforberet  eos  aqua, tpuod  et  factum  efi  it  a  quod  nee  anirm  strut  periclitavit . Brompton  inter  X  firifit. Venit  autem  Eboracum  die  dominica  prox.  ante  frfil.  af- cenfionis  tlomini  7.  ul.  Mali  1  154,  et  maxima  cum  dno- tione  cleri  et  populi  fibi  occurrentis  fufeeptus  in  civitatem  p;  r- dttdttsefl.  Cum  autem  ultra  pontem  Ufae,  tunc  ligr.enni. comitante  plebe  tranfiret ,  dirupta  prae  populi  ponder lignei  pontis  firudura ,  magna  virorum  et  mulierum  et  prae- ciptte  infantium  multitudo  in  profundo  fittminis  ex  alto  car¬ mens  inter  rabida  fiuvii  fiuenta  pencil t.tndo  volutabat- fiffiuod  cum  audififiet  JanBififimus  pater  Willielmus,  fufa  cum lachrymis  ad  dominum  oratione,  ne  pro  eo  Deum  <  •.  it  dames profundum  abforberet,  fiubmerfio  figno  crucis  fignavit,  e:  mex orationis  fuae  virtute,  univerfos  a  periculo  mortis  fiuatrrent? divina pietate liberavit .  Stubbs  ad.  pont.  Ebor.  in  vita  S. Wiliielmi. ftntide Chap. I.  of  the-  CHURCH  o/1 (i)  YORK. fun  tide  of  a  kind  of  an  ague,  as  fome  write,  and  within  a  day  or  two  after  departed  this life  June  8,  1154. The  fuddennefs  of  his  death  occafioned  a  report  to  go  that  he  was  poifoned  in  the  chalice at  mafs.  Hoveden  writes,  that  the  poyfon  was  conveyed  into  the  water  in  which  he  wafhed his  hands  before  confecration  (i).  But  Neuburgenfis  denies  both.  However  it  is  certain, lays  Stubbs ,  that  feveral  fymptoms  the  biiliop  had  before  he  died  rendered  it  fufpicious.  In fomuch  that  his  chaplain  advifed  him  to  take  fome  antidote  againft  poyfon,  which  fome  lay he  did  •,  others  that  he  would  not  antidotum  humanam  adjicer.e  divino ,  alluding  to  the  lacra- ment  that  he  had  taken  it  in.  His  teeth  and  nails  turned  black  before  he  died.  Authors accufe  no  perfons  by  name  for  this  faft  •,  but,  allowing  it  true,  the  dean  and  archdeacon  be¬ fore  mentioned  may  be  greatly  fufpe&ed  for  it.  Part  of  the  anthem  appointed  to  be  fung at  his  feftival,  after  our  archbifhop  was  canonized,  infers  as  much.  Bifhop  Goodwin  gives it  thus : Eboracum  praeful  redit , Pont  is  cafus  nullum  laedit , De  tot  turbae  millibus. In  0 51  avis  Pentecoftes Quidein  malignantes  hojles , In  eum  pacificutn , Et-  ut  ipfum  prvoent  vitay Celebrantes  aconita , Propinant  in  calice. Toxicatur  a  profanis Ille  pot  Us ,  ille  pants , Per  quern  perit  toxicatum ,  &c. William's,  death  happening  on  the  eighth  of  Jutfe  1 1 54,  as  has  been  obferved,  his  body was  buried  in  his  cathedral  i  and  his  exemplary  piety  having  gained  him  a  great  chara&er in  his  life-time,  his  tomb  could  not  fail  being  vifited,  according  to  the  cuftom  of  that  age, after  his  death.  It  was  not  long  before  feveral  miracles  were  attefted  to  have  been  done  at his  grave-,  from  whofe  body,  fays  StubbiCk  f  diftilled  a  molt  falutiferous  oil,  which  God,  for his  merits,  fuffered  to  perform  many  wonderful  cures  on  feveral  infirm  perfons.  The  credit of  this  gained  him  the  honour  of  a  red  letter  in  the  calendar  ;  for  about  one  hundred  and fifty  years  after  his  death,  pope  Nicholas ,  at  the  earneft  requeft  of  Stephen  Mauley  then  arch¬ deacon  of  Cleveland ,  canonized  our  archbilhop,  and  appointed  the  aforefaid  eighth  of  June for  the  annual  celebration  of  his  feftival.  The  faid  pope  alfo  granted  an  indulgence  of  a  year and  forty  days  relaxation  of  fins  to  all  fuch  who  fhould  devoutly  vifit  his  tomb,  eight  days after  his  feftival,  and  pray  to  him  in  thefe  words: O  Willielme,  pajlor  bone,  . Cleri  pater ,  el  pair-one Mundi ,  nobis  in  agone Confer  opem ,  et.  depone Vitae  fordes ,  et  coronae Celejlis  da  gaudia,  &c. The  table  of  the  miracles,  afcribed  to  this  faint,  which  are  thirty  fix  in  number,  with the  indulgence  of  pope  Nicholas ,  are  yet  to  be  feen  in  our  veftry.  But  time,  and  of  late years  no  care,  has  fo  obliterated  them  that  a  perfeft  tranfcript  cannot  be  had  of  them.  In- itead  of  which  I  think  proper  to  give  part  of  the  anthem  fung  at  the  feaft  of  his  tranflation, which  was  folemnized  annually  on  January  7  and  which,  if  true,  proves  our  faint  to  be  as good  a  miracle  worker  as  any  in  the  calendar. (1)  Claudi  recti  redeunt ,  furor  effagalur , Eptlepfis  paffto  fanitati  datur. Purganlur  ydropici,  laudes  fantur  mnti, Hat paraly lids  fuis  membris  uti. Lepra  tergit  maculas ,  membra  dat  cajlratis , Lumen  dat  pluribus  fine  luce  natis. Pit  patris  hodie  corpus  ejl  tranjlatumy (i)  Eoctem  anno ,  foil.  1  r  54.  Willielmus  arch.  Ebor.  in fedem  fuam  honorificc  fufeeptus  ejl ;  fed  non  multo  poft,  prodi- tione  cleric orum  fuorum ,  poft  perceptionem  eucharifliae  infra ublutiones  liquore  lethali  infect  us,  extinclus  eft.  R.  Hoveden. In  facra  folempnitate  Pentecoftes  inter  nnffarum  folempnia zeneno  infectus  eft ;  et  poft  pattcos  dies  migravit  ad  Dominion. Chron.  Gervalii  fib  rege  Hen.  II. Vide  epift.  122.  J oh .  Savifburienfo,  ubi  de  accufatione  cle¬ ric]  fuper  crimine  ■veneficii. (k)  6pio  in  loco  effluent  e  de  facro  corpore  ejtis  oleo  ftluti- fero,  Dens  maxinnls  pro  ejus  mentis  plurima  infirmis  opera- tusefl  miracula.  Stubbs  act.  pom.  Ebor.  in  vita  S.  W,i ilie’.mi. (1)  Ex  breviario  in  ufum  infignis  metrop.  eccl.  Ebor.  &c. pro  temp,  hyetnali .  Imp.  Parif.  an.  1  526.  N.B.  This  book was  lately  given  to  the  church  library,  and  it  is  remark¬ able  rhe  prayers,  &c.  tor  the  feltivais  of  St. ' Thomas ,  mar¬ tyr,  St.  William,  St.  Cuthbert,  and  St.  Wilfrid,  are  all  of them  blotted  out  of  the  book. Sluei 41? 4 420 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES Quod  in  imo  jacuit  in  alto  ejt  locatum. Quondam  thefaurarius ,  jam  thefaurus Cleri , I) edit  opus  medici  non  dat  opevi  verl ,  &c. Book  II. At  imams  canonization  his  bones  were  taken  up  from  the  place  where  they  were  firff laid  and  depofited  m  the  nave  of  the  cathedral  by  William  Wickwane ,  then  archbilhop  of this  lee,  the  king,  (Edtv.  I.)  the  queen,  eleven  other  bilhops,  with  the  whole  court  attend ing  the  folemmty.  Over  thefe  bones  the  faid  archbilhop  built  a  moll  coftly  Ihrine  Xh was  afterward  enriched  with  plate  and  ,ewels,  as  appears  by  the  inventory,  to  a  ve?y  Xi value.  At  the  Reformation  the  Ihrme  was  demol  ilhed,  and  no  remembrance  left  of  the  place b“‘  \traditIon  thatth‘s  6int  “  under  a  long  marble  ftone  fpotted,  in  the  nave  of  the church.  May  2  1732,  at  the  laying  the  new  pavement  in  the  cathedral,  I  got  leave  to learch  under  this  ftone  ;  the  reverend  the  dean  and  Tome  other  gentlemen  being  prefent  At the  raifing  of  it  we  found  that  the  ftone  had  been  inverted,  and  by  the  moldings  round  the edge  it  appeared  to  have  been  an  altar-ftone.  Upon  digging  aboj  a  yard  deep“  the  work l?n"rharferh°  a  Xe  “w?  flX  X  ?x  lnches  lonS’  thc  lid  arched.  on  which  was  a  crofs  the 1"? *  f  hC  “X  tht  ‘d  WJS  turned  aflde’  chere  aPP=ared  a  fquare  leaden  box three  quarters  of  a  yard  long  about  eight  inches  diameter  at  the  top,  and  gradually  decrea- fmg  to  the  bottom.  In  this  box  the  bones  were  depofited,  it  had  been  clofely  foddered  up but  was  decayed  in  many  places,  and  was  eafily  opened  with  the  fingers.  The  fmaller bones,  and  thofe  of  the  Ikull,  which  were  broken,  were  wrapt  in  a  piece  of  Parcener  dou- ble,  which  had  acquired  the  colour  of  the  bones  it  contained.  Some  of  which  farcenet  for curiofity  fake  we  took  out.  The  larger  bones  were  put  down  to  the  bottom  of  the  box  ■ X  r7  ^-“furation  ofa  th.gh  bone,  entire,  our  prelate  appears  to  have  been  about  five oot  fix  inches  ugh.  On  the  middle  of  the  box  was  a  fmall  plain  crofs  made  of  two  pieces rofnrhidn°feT|a  5  end  was  laid  a  Piece  ot  ftuff  which  mouldered  Lon touching  There  was  nothing  hke  an  infcnption  either  within  or  without  the  box,  o-  upon the  altar-ftone,  that  I  could  find,  to  denote  that  it  was  the  faint  we  looked  for  ;  but  die circumftances  put  together  the  matter  to  me  feems  indirputable.  The  remains  of  this  once famous  prelate  were  carefully  repofited  in  the  coffin,  that  clofed,  and  the  grave  filled  up  But hat  the  curious  may  be  farther  fatisfied  about  it,  I  have  caufed  the  Feprefentatio^of  the ^  PhCC  WkrC  thCy  *  W  bC  *“  *■  A  rf -2-\ - - 4.  hTcet. Roger  u?, Giu«o(.'  ■  »/  iCH.U.RC H  of  YORK. Roge  rus:,  thirty  firft  archbijhop.  A Roger,  comiftonly  calle^V  of  Riflj  op-bridge,  the  place  I  fuppofe  where  he  was  horn,  arch¬ deacon  of  Canterbury ,  and  chaplain  to  king  Henry  II.  was  by  means  of  Robert  the  dean  of York,  and  Qfherl  the-archdeiiconi,  who  ruled  all  now  in  the  chapter,  eledted  into  the  chair. He  wasconfecrated  by  Theobald  archbifhop  of  Canterbury  at  IVeflminJber  (m)\  051.  io,  1 154, but  (Trade  no  p.rofeffion  to  that  fee.  The  charadler  of  this  prelate  is  varioufly  related  by the  i^ouks  and  feculars ;  the  latter  prailing  him  fo  high  as  to  give  hint  the  furname  of  Bo¬ nus,  whilft  the  former  charge  him  with  avarice,  hatred  to  monks,  clipping  of  their  privi¬ leges  •,  and  that  he  minded  the  fhearing  more  than  the  feeding  the  fheep  committed  to  his car e(n).  The  amafling  of  riches  feems,  indeed,  to  have  been  his  chief  gouft ;  I  find  in  the Scotch  chronicle  that  in  the  days  of  their  king  Malcolm  this  Roger  was  conftituted  the  pope’s legate,  but  was  not.fuftered  to  enter  that  kingdom,  by  reafon  he  was  a  man,  fay  they,  much detained  for  covetous  pra£lices,  and  would  enrich  himfelf  by  any  unlawful  means.  The  le¬ gate  however  was  even  with  them  for  this  piece  of  prefumption,  for  he  excommunicated their  king,  and  laid  the  whole  kingdom  under  an  interdict  (0). 3  A  remarkable  in  fiance  of  the  pride  of-t-his  prelate  is  recorded  in  oUr  own  chronicles* winch  carried  him  far  beyond  the  rifles  of  decency  and  good  manners.  A  great  convocation of  clergy  being  called  to  IVcjhninJler ,  where  the  pope’s  legate  was  prelent,  the  archbi- fliop  of  Canterbury  took  place  at  the  legatees  right  hand,  which  when  our  archbifhop  per¬ ceived,..  difilaining  to  take  the  left,  he  came  in  a  rude  manner  and  clapped  his  bum  betwixt the  legate. and  his  brother;  who  not  readily  giving  way  to  him,  he  fat  him'  down  upon  Can¬ terbury  s  knee.  This  when  feen  by  the  reft  of  the  bifhops  and  clergy  of  that  province,  fcan- daliZed  to  the  laft  degree  at  the  affront  offered  to  their  metropolitan,  they  came  and  pulled and  threw  him  on  the  ground,  and,  not  content  with  that,  laid  on  him  with  fifts and  fiicks  unmercifully  ;  infomuch  that  Canterbury  was  fain  to  interpofe,  and  protedl  his brother  from  further  violence.  Roger  got  up,  and  with  his  cope  and  habit  half  torn  off, ran  ftreight  to  the  king,  and  made  a  grievous  complaint  againft  his  male-treaters,  which  the king  at  firlt  took  gravely;  but,  upon  a  rehearing  of  the  whole  matter,  our  prelate  got  no¬ thing  for.  his  pains,  but  to  be  well  laughed  at  into  the  bargain.  This  ftory  is  given  by  mod hiftorians  of  thofe  times. Roger  was  violently  fufpedled  to  have  a  hand  in  the  Jmurdcr  of  Thomas  a  Becket,  and was  for  fome  time  fulpended,  by  the  pope  for  it ;  but  upon  his  taking  a  folemn  oath  that he  neither,  by  word,  writing,  nor  deed,  was  the  leaft  concerned  in  that  matter  he  was  refto- red  to  his  pofleffions.  Yet  it  appears  that  at  this  time  there  was  no  fmall  fufpicion  of  it, for  when  he  was  mobbed,  as  above,  for  his  ill  manners  to  the  archbifhop  of  Canterbury  he was  upbraided  with  thefe  words,  vade,  vade,  traditor  fandfi  Thomae.  Begone,  begone, thou  tray  tor  to  St.  Thomas  (p ), Roger  late  twenty  feven  years  in  this  archbifhoprick  ;  when  being  very  aged  he  fell  into his  laft  ficknefs  at  Louth  in  Lincolnjhire ;  and  fent  for  many  abbots,  priors  and  other  reli¬ gious,  to  help  to  make  his  will,  and  advife  him,  in  the  beft  manner  how  to  difpofe  of  the vaft  fund  of  wealth  which  he  had  accumulated.  It  was  firfi  ordered  by  him  that  great  fums of  money  Ihould  be  diftributed  to  the  poor,  and  other  good  purpoles.  That  the  archbi- ftiops  of  Canterbury ,  Rheims  and  Roan  Ihould  have  each  of  them  five  hundred  pounds given  to  them  to  that  purpofe  ;  and  to  almoft  every  bifhop  in  England  and  Normandy  he gave  a  proportionable  fum  for  the  fame  life.  After  this  he  removed  to  York,  Hoveden  fays to  S bireburn,  and  there  died  on  Sunday  Nov.  22,  1 1 8 1  ;  and  was  buried,  by  Hugh  bifhop of  Durham  ;  near  the  door  of  St.  Sepulchre’s  chapel,  in  the  cathedral,  which  himfelf  had founded.  After  his  demife  the  king  immediately  feized  on  all  his  great  riches  and effects,  which  are  faid  by  M.  Paris  (q)  to  be  eleven  thoufand  pound  in  filver  and three  hundred  in  gold,  befides  an  infinite  deal  of  plate  and  fumptuous  houlhold- fluff, and  converted  them  all  to  his  own  ufe.  It  feems  Roger  had  procured  from  pope  Alexan¬ der  this  privilege,  that  if  any  clergyman  died  in  his  province,  and  delivered  not  his goods  away  by  hand  before  his  death,  that  the  archbifhop  fhould  have  thedifpofal  of  them. The  king  made  ufe  of  this  pretence  to  lay  claim  to  Roger's,  efieifis,  and  laid  it  was  unrea- fonable  his  will  fhould  Jland  good,  who  had  difanmilled  the  left  aments  of  fo  many  others  ( r).  This prelate’s  buildings,  endowments,  &c4  refpefting  the  particular  hiftory  of  the  fabrick,  may be  found  in  that  chapter.  His  tomb,  being  the  oldeft  in  the  church,  is  reprefented  in  the plate.  The  coffin  of  lead,  feems  to  have  been  laid  in  the  wall,  for  it  may  be  knocked  againft with  a  flick  through  the  openings  of  the  fret-work.  This  kind  of  fepulture  in  the  wall. ( m )  Tn  fefto  S.  Paulini.  R.  de  Diceto. ( n)  Gul.  Neuburgen.  Is  vitam  autem  maps  tondendis intendit  ovibus  quam  pafeendis.  Bronipton  inter  x.  feript. (  0 )  Stubs  in  vita  Rogcri. (/> )  M.  Parker,  de  arch.  Cant.  ed.  Drake,  in  vita  Ri- chardi  arch.  Cant.  Rapin fays,  that  he  told  the  king  that as  long  as  Becket  lived  it  was  impoiTible  for  England  to beat  peace.  Hoveden  remarks,  that  Roger  bore  an  an¬ cient  hatred  to  him. ( q)  Quorum  fumma  undecim  millia  librarian  argenti  et auri  tricenta,  cuppa  aurea  et  argenteae  feptem ,  cyphi  ar gentei  novem,  tria  falfaria  argetitea,  tres  cuppae  myrtinat. cochlearia  quadraginta,  oclo  patellae  argenteae,  pelvis  argen- teits,  et  difcus  magnus  argenteus.  M.  Paris.  It  is  to  be noted  that  a  pound  of  filver  in  thofe  days  was  a  pound weight,  which  is  equal  to  three  pounds  of  our  money So  a  pound  of  gold  in  proportion (r)  Brampton. 5  P  may 4U .  MCLIV. 4ii  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book II. may  be  one  reafon  why  his  bones  have  lain  quiet  fo  long  ■,  for  they  cannot  be  difturbed  with¬ out  endangering  that  part  of  the  fabrick  of  the  church.  The  leal  which  this  archbifhop ltiade  ufe  of  I  have  feen  appendant  to  an  ancient  deed  of  his  in  the  dutchy  office,  from whence  I  have  caufed  it  to  be  drawn  •,  and  the  reader  will  find  it  in  the  plate  of  the  collecti¬ ons  of  feals  and  arms  belonging  to  the  archbifhops  of  this  province,  at  the  end  of  this  ac¬ count.  The  ftrange  miftake  in  the  reverfe  or  counter  feat  of  Roger' s,  by  taking  three  antique heads  cut  on  a  Roman  gem  for  a  reprefentation  of  the  Trinity,  I  fhall  difcufs  amongft  fome other  l'uch  proofs  of  the  ignorance  and  fuperftition  of  thefe  dark  ages  in  the  addenda  to  this work. I  I  '  1  '  '  I  '  '  I  '  ■  I - -  -L\ -  3|  .  -  -/| - - ^  P| Geoffry  Plantacenet,  thirty  fecond  archbifhop. Henry  the  fecond,  having  feized  the  temporalities  of  the  fee  of  York,  kept  them  in  his hands,  during  the  remainder  of  his  reign,  and  no  biffiop  was  elected  till  under  king  Ri¬ chard  l.  his  fucceffor-,  who  underftanding  that  the  people  murmured  at  this  long  vacancy, which  was  no  lefs  than  ten  years,  thought  fit  to  kill  two  birds  with  one  ftone  ;  that  is,  to  fill up  the  vacant  chair  •,  and  at  the  fame  time  to  provide  a  good  benefice  for  Geoffry ,  his  natu¬ ral  brother. (s)  Geoffry  was  bafe  fon  to  Henry  11.  by  the  celebrated  Rofamond.  The  warmeft  love  be¬ twixt  two  fuch  extraordinary  perfonages,  could  not  produce  an  ordinary  offspring.  And our  Geoffry ,  being  a  fprightly  youth,  was  well  taken  care  on  by  his  father  in  his  education. Being  arrived  at  man’s  eltate,  though  very  young  Hill,  he  was  firft  made  archdeacon  of Lincoln ,  and  afterwards  elected  to  that  bifhoprick,  by  the  power  of  his  father,  whilft  a  lay¬ man.  Geoffry  made  no  hafte  to  be  confecrated  to  it,  but  contented  himfelf  with  the  reve¬ nues  of  that  rich  fee,  which  he  enjoyed  after  this  manner,  for  feven  years.  At  the  end  of which  time  the  king,  his  father,  finding  no  inclination  in  him  to  be  confecrated,  he  called him  to  court,  and  after  a  refignation  of  his  interefi  in  Lincoln ,  gave  him  the  feals  and  con- ftituted  him  lord  chancellor  of  England.  Which  great  office  he  held  eight  years,  that  is,  to his  father’s  death,  which  happened  anno  1181. (s)  Natus  efl  5  Hen.  IT .  fall  us  efl  miles  25  Hen.  TI. elect,  in  epifcop.  Lincoln.  28  Hen.  II.  fed  non  confect  j  in  et 1  Ric.  I.  elect,  ejl  in  nr  chirp.  Ebor.  Chron.  dt  Kirk  fin1: Domiti-in  A.  12  De  appelhtione  contra  ejus  elect,  propnr abfcntiam  decani,  et  ostia  homicida  et  race?  in  aduiterio, '  itle  Bromp’ion  1169. R  ichard 423 Chap. I.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK. Richard  his  brother  fucceeding  to  the  crown  he  removed  Geoffry  from  the  charted  lorffi  ip  i bat,  to  make  him  amends,  got  him,  though  with  fome  difficulty,  elefted  archbiffiop  by the  chapter  of  fork.  He  was  firft  ordained  prieft  by  John  the  fuffragan  biffiop  of  IVhithern , or  Candida  caj a  (t),  at  Southwell.  And  was  confecrated  jtug.  18,  1191.  at  Tours  by  the archbiffiop  of  chat  fee  •,  for  which  flight  put  upon  the  metropolitan,  Baldwin ,  the  archbiffiop of  Canterbury ,  appealed  to  Rome.  Immediately  after  his  confecration  he  came  over  into England ,  contrary  to  a  l'olemn  oath  he  had  made  the  king  at  his  going  to  the  holy  war. For  Richard  had  been  told  that  if  Geoffry  came  into  England  in  his  abfence  he  would  looner bring  a  fword  than  an  olive  branch  along  with  him  (u).  At  his  landing  at  Dover  he  was clapped  up  clofe  prifoner  in  that  cattle  ;  by  command  of  the  biffiop  of  Ely,  then  lord  chan¬ cellor  and  regent.  But  being  foon  after  releafed  he  came  down  to  his  diocefe  and  was  fo~ lemnly  inftalled  in  his  own  cathedral  with  great  fplendour. He  proved  a  better  biffiop,  fays  Stubbs,  than  was  expected  ;  governing  his  province  very commendably  and  well.  He  praifes  him  much  for  his  temperance,  fobriety  and  gravity, both  of  countenance  and  behaviour.  But  that  author  has  made  faints  of  every  prelate  he writes  on.  It  is  plain  that  his  canons  had  not  the  fame  good  opinion  of  him,  for  they  exhi¬ bited  numberlefs  complaints  againft  Geoffry  both  to  the  pope  and  king  ;  which  mutt  make him  very  uneafy  in  his  ftation,  of  all  which  Roger  Iioveden  is  very  particular  in  the  recital. The  origine  of  thefe  fquabbles  and  difTenfions  betwixt  the  prelate  and  his  chapter  was  about the  eleftion  of  a  dean.  It  feems  Geoffry  had  a  brother  of  the  fame  blood  as  himfelf,  called Peter  ;  him  he  propofed  for  that  office,  but  was  oppoled  in  it  by  his  canons,  whochofe  one Simon  their  dean  in  defpight  to  the  archbiffiop  and  all  he  could  do  or  fay  in  it.  This  pro¬ duced  appeals  from  both  fides  to  Rome ,  excommunications,  and  interdicts ;  but  a  further  ac¬ count  of  thefe  ecclefiaftical  heats  and  animofities,  tantaene  animis  coelejlihus  irae ,  will  fall  ap- ter  in  the  hiftorical  remarks  on  the  deans  of  this  church; As  Geoffry  was  fufficiently  embroiled  in  thefe  church  dii’putes,  fo  was  he  fto  lefs  unfortu¬ nate  in  being  embarraffed  in  ftate  affairs.  For  king  Richard ,  at  his  return  from  the  Holy- land,  took  from  him  all  his  lay  pofieffions  (x),  and  being  at  that  time  under  a  fufpenlion from  the  pope,  his  fpiritualities  were  alfo  feized  into  the  king’s  hands  (y).  For  the  former of  which  he  was  fain  to  compound  and  pay  down  the  fum  of  three  thoufand  pound  fterling  as  a fine  to  the  king  ;  the  fufpenfion  he  found  means  to  get  releafed  from  fome  time  after.  John, the  fucceeding  king,  had  alfo  a  very  bad  opinion  of  him  •,  and  his  refentment  ran  fo  high  a- gainft  him,  that  in  the  fecond  year  of  his  reign  he  commanded  the  high  ffieriff  of  'Xorkjbirc to  fieze  upon  all  the  goods  and  lands  of  our  archbiffiop,  and  to  return  the  profit  into  the exchequer,  which  was  done  accordingly.  The  archbiffiop  excommunicated  James  de  Po¬ lemic  the  high-ffieriff,  and  all  his  officers  concerned  in  this  bufinefs,  by  bell,  book,  and  can¬ dle,  with  all  thofe  who  had  advifed  the  king  in  this  affair;  which  only  ferved  to  raife  the king’s  anger  more  againft  him.  The  reafons  John  had  toufe  him  thus,  are  faid  to  be  ma¬ ny  (z)  ;  that  the  archbiffiop  throughout  his  province  hindred  the  ffieriff-  from  colledting  a tax  of  three  ffiillings  on  each  ploughed  land,  which  the  king  had  laid  on  all  the  lands  in England.  That  he  refufed  to  go  over  with  the  king  into  Normandy ,  in  order  to  fettle  a marriage  betwixt  the  French  king’s  fon  and  his  niece.  And  laftly,  the  excommunication  of his  officer  and  his  laying  the  whole  province  of  York  under  an  interdict,  made  the  king  al- moft  implacable  to  him  (a).  Notwithftanding  all  this  the  archbiffiop  found  means,  at  the king’s  return  out  of  Normandy ,  to  be  in  fome  meafure  reconciled  to  him ;  and  upon  the (t)  Prompt  on.  M.  Paris. (11)  Hove itcn. ( x)  The  temporal  eftate  which  was  given  him  by  his hither  conliftcd  of  thefe,  viz..  Villa  de  Wicumbe,  cum pertinentiis,  in  Anglia;  et  in  Normannia  comitatum  Gis- hudi,  rt  in  Andigavia  honorem  de  Rlangcvy.  R.  Hov. (y)  It  may  not  be  unacceptable  to  the  reader  to  give him  the  value  of  the  rents  of  the  whole  archbifhuprick at  this  time ;  as  William  de  Stoutevile,  <&c .  accounted  for it  to  the  king  for  one  year,  whilft  it  remained  in  the  king’s hands ;  extrafted  from  the  Pipe-rolls  as  follows : Willielmus  de  Stuteville,  Jordanus  Clericus  et  Philip¬ pa-  Efcrop  red.  compurum  ile  1010  anno  archiepifcopatus  Ebo- raci. De  nundinis  Bevcrlaci  -  xl /. De  firma  de  Burton  -  xii  l.  et  de  vii  l.  vii /. Redd.  deSchctcbi  —  —  -  x  /. De  f.rma  dc  Wctwang  -  xii  l.  xvii .  f.  i  d. Firma  de  Wilton  -  v  /.  vii  f.  v  d. Firma  de  Chalde  -  vii  l.  i  /.  iii  d. Pinna  t  err  arum  juxta  civic.  Ebor.  ii  l.  viiijf.  vi  d. Firma  de  Ripun  infra  bureum  1  .  ,  ....  ...  . lim  anni  ‘  _  A  r  xxxvi  l.  xni  /.  m  d. It  firma  terror,  nr  chirp  fc.jtsxt  a  bur  gum  xiiii  l.  xii  f.  ix  d. Et  de  iiii /.  et  xii  d.  de  paffuagio  praediclarum  terrarum. Et  de  xx  mar.  de  decima  lane  q.  Will,  de  Bolonia  afpor- tavit  per  breve  H.  Cant,  archiepifeopi. Id.  red.  comp,  tit  enfios  de  xlviii/.  et  xiiii/.  et  x  d.  de 3 firma  de  Bcverlaco  et  de  terris  ad  earn  pertinentibus . De  telonio  ejufdem  ville  xii  l. Idem  red.  com.  de  xxx  l.  etvfi.  et  x  d.  de  firma  de  Pa- terington. Idem  red.  comp,  de  xxiii  l.  de  firma  de  Elegeton. Idem  red.  comp,  de  xviii  l.  et  xii f.  et  iiii  d.  dc  nun  did  s  et firmis  domorttm  archiepifeopi  infra  civitatem. Idem  red.  comp,  de  xiiii/.  et  xiiii /.  et  iiii  d.  de  firma  di Extoldefliam  cum  pertinentiis . Idem  red.  comp,  ile  xxviii  /.  et  viii  f.  de  denariisS.  Petri. Idem.red.comp.de  xx  /•  iiii  f.  et  vii  d.  de  placitis  de  her- bariis  et  perquifitiombtis  predict ar.  terrarum. Idem  red.  comp,  de  c  et  qt  r.  xx  /.  et  x  f.  et  iii  d  de  infiatt- r amends  archiepifeopi  venditis.  Rot.  Pipe  6Ric.I. (z.)  Catifa multiplex  er at.  Paris. (a)  A  letter  from  the  king  to  the  Dean  and  Chap¬ ter  of  York  on  this  occafion  Mr.  Maddox  has  given  us  in thefe  words : Rex  S.  [Simon  de  Apulia]  decano  et  capitulo  Ebor. Sciatis  quod  pro  debitis  quae  Ebovaceniis  archiepifeopis  et pro  defaltis  et  aliis  can  (is  I rationabilibus  cepimus  in  manum nofi.  Baroniam  et  regalia  quae  archiep.  Ebor.  dc  nobis  tenet. Et  hoc  fecimus  per  judicium  curiae  noftrae.  Nos  autem contra  eundtm  archiep.  ad  dominion  paparn  appellavimus  pro nobis  et  nofiris  et  pro  ftatu  regni  noflri.  Tefie  G.  Filio  Petri com.  Effex.  aptol  Cuttefburgum  v.  die  Marti i.  Charca 2  Joh;  m.  ii.  dorfo.  Maddox  exchequer,  p.  696.  ( pj payment The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II, payment  of  one  thoufand  fterling  had  his  temporalities  reftarcd,  after  they  had  been  detain¬ ed  from  him  a  whole  year.  But  his  moveable  goods  he  never  law  again  •,  nor  was  the  king’s anger  fo  far  lefiened  as  he  did  not  ftill  watch  all  opportunities  to  be  farther  revenged  of him. However,  he  fate  ftill  and  quiet  at  York  for  fix  or  feven  years  more,  when  a  frefh  accident happened  to  difturb  him.  John  being  much  itraitned  for  a  fupply  towards  carrying  on  the French  war,  called  a  council  of  the  eftates,  and  demanded  a  fubfidy  ol  the  thirteenth  /hilling out  of  all  the  moveable  goods,  both  of  clergy  and  laity,  in  England.  This  was  openly  op- pofed  by  none,  though  many  inwardly  murmured  at  the  exorbitancy  ot  it,  but  our  arch¬ bifhop-,  who  not  only  refufed  his  conlent  to  it,  but  forbad  his  clergy,  on  the  levereft  penal¬ ties,  to  pay  it.  An  oppolkion  like  this  provoked  John  to  the  laft  degree,  and  the  prelate finding  that  this  kingdom  would  foon  be  too  hot  for  him,  withdrew  privately  into  Norman¬ dy.  Excommunicating,  before  he  went,  fuch  of  his  jurifdiftion  who  had  either  paid,  or were  any  ways  inllrumental  in  gathering  this  tax.  He  lived  in  exile  leven. years,  fays  Pa¬ ris,  and  died  at  Grofmont  at  Normandy  anno  1212  ■,  having  been  fomewlvat  more  .than  twenty one  years  archbiftiop  of  this  fee. This  prince  and  prelate’s  life  is  wrote  at  length  by  Giraldus  Cavibrenfis  (b),  who  gives  a different  character  of  him  than  what  is  gone  before.  Being  defeended  from  a  king,  and  a daughter  of  the  illuftrious  family  of  Clifford,  the  blood  which  ran  in  his  veins  might make  him  a  little  too  headftrong  ;  but  his  pofitivenefs  feems  to  be  wholly  on  the  fide  of  his country,  (c)  Po/idore  Virgil  fays,  that  he  only  reprehended  his  brother  John  for  his  fhame- lefs  exa&ions  on  the  people  when  he  took  fuch  a  revenge  on  him  for  it.  And  adds,  that after  having  fuffered  a  feven  years  banifhment  from  his  country,  for  exerting  himfelf  in  the liberties  of  the  church  and  the  execution  ofjuftice,  he  ended  his  days  with  honour  (d). It  muft  not  here  be  omitted,  that  in  this  archbifhop  Geoffry's,  time,  and  probably  whilft he  laid  under  fufpenfion  from  the  pope,  Hubert  Walter ,  who  had  been  dean  of  York ,  and was  then  archbifhop  of  Canterbury ,  thought  fit  to  hold  a  general  council  for  the  whole  king¬ dom  at  York  -,  but,  particularly,  it  was  faid  to  reform  the  manners  of  that  church.  This was  the  firft  and  laft  inftance  of  any  archbifhop  of  Canterbury  fitting  in  council  at  York  and had  it  not  been  for  Geoffry' s  difgrace,  I  am  perfwaded  it  would  never  have  been  fuffered. Hoveden  relates  the  fadt  in  this  manner  : “  Hubert  had  been  conftituted  by  the  pope  his  legate  d  latere ,  and  was  at  the  fame  time xt  chief  juftice  of  England a  man  reprefented  to  be  very  magnificent  and  generous  in  his  ex- “  pences  and  works,  but  withal  had  an  immoderate  affedtation  of  fecular  power  and  gran- “  deur.  By  the  authority  he  had  from  the  pope  he  lent  out  his  letters  mandatory  to  the “  dean  and  chapter  of  York  to  convene  themlelves  and  the  whole  province  together,  and  to “  receive  him  at  his  coming  with  the  honours  due  to  an  apoftolical  legate.  They  an- “  fwered  they  would  receive  him  as  fuch,  but  not  as  archbiftiop  of  Canterbury ,  or  their “  primate.  Hubert  accordingly  came  to  York  on  the  feaft  of  St.  Barnabas ,  being  Sunday ,  i.i “  the  year  1 195,  and  the  feven th  of  king  Richard  the  firft  ;  and  was  received  by  the  clergy “  in  folemn  proceffion,  and  introduced  into  the  cathedral  church.  On  Monday  he  caufed “  aftizes  de  noveil  dijjei/in  ;  and  de  mort  d'ancejlre ,  and  of  all  pleas  of  the  crown  to  be  holden “  by  his  officers  ;  but  he  and  his  officials  held  pleas  of  Chrijlianity  ( e).  On  Yuefday  he  pro- “  ceeded  to  vifit  as  a  legate  the  abby  of  St.  Mary's,  York ,  and  was  received  alfo  by  the “  monks  in  folemn  proceffion.  Then  he  went  into  the  chapter-houfe  of  the  abbey,  and “  upon  the  monk’s  complaint  that  Robert  their  abbot,  by  reafon  of  his  weaknefs  and  bodily “  infirmities,  was  capable  of  doing  no  good  to  their  houfe,  he  depofed  him  from  his  care “  and  admin iftration  of  the  houfe-,  who  made  great  outcries  and  appealed  to  his  lord  the “  pope.  On  the  following  Wednefday  and  Thurfday  having  affembled  together  in  the  church “  of  St.  Peter  at  York ,  Simon  dean  of  the  faid  church,  Hvno  precentor,  William  Ycjlard  and “  Geoffry  de  Mujchamp ,  archdeacons  of  Nottingham  and  Cleveland ,  John  the  chancellor,  and “  Robert  provoft  of  Beverley ,  with  fome  canons  of  the  fame  church  ;  almoft  all  the  abbots, “  priors,  officials,  deans  and  parfons  of  churches  in  the  diocefe  of  York  the  laid  legate  him- “  felf,  fitting  in  a  chair  aloft,  celebrated  a  moft  famous  council,  in  which  he  ordained  the “  underwritten  decrees  to  be  kept.” The  decrees  themfelves  are  too  long  to  infert,  but  the  reader  may  find  them  in  R.  Hove- den ,  pars pojlerior,  p.  430.  called  Decreta  Eboracenfis  ccncilii.  Sir  H.  Spel?nan’s  councils, vol.  II.  p.  12 1.  or  in  a  late  book  publifhed  by  J.  Johnfon  vicar  ol  Cranbroke  where  the  ar¬ ticles  are  tranflated  into  Englijh ,  being  nineteen  in  number  (f). In  the  year  1201,  and  during  the  hierarchy  of  Geoffry  Plant agenet ,  happened  another  ex¬ traordinary  thing  of  this  nature  at  York  though  adted  by  a  perl'on  of  much  lei's  authority (b)  Wharton's  Anglia  facra,  tom.  I. ( c)  In  qua  re  cum  a  Gaufrido  fratre  antijlite  Ebor.  rrfre- henderetur ,  tantum  abfuit  ut  eum  fpoliarit,  nb  feque  ablega- ri:-y  nec  ullo  ob/equio  placari,  leniri,  mitigari  deinde  potuerit, ut  ante  duodecim  menfes  in  gratiam  reciperet.  Pol.  Virg. (d)  Po/lquam  per  feptennium  pro  libertate  ecclejiae  et  execu- tione  juJJitiae  ex  ilium  pajfus  ejl,  diem  claujit  extremum  Idem  et M.  Paris. (e)  The  jurifdifcion  of  prelates,  together  with  ai: their  privileges  often  pafles  under  the  name  of  Cbri/iiani- t):  and  the  ecclcliaftical  court  was  frequently  called  the Court -thrijlian. (f)  A  collection  otcccl.Uws,  London  1720,  avo'.  ^0. than Chap. I.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK. than  the  former  On t' Eujlace,  abbot  of  Flay,  came  into  England,  and  took  upon  hirti to  terrify  men  into  a  ceffation  from  labour  from  three  o’  clock  on  Saturday  till  fun-rifing  on Monday.  He  fhewed  a  letter  written  from  Chrijl  and  found  on  the  altar  of  St.  Simon  at  Gol¬ gotha,  containing  fevere  objurgations  againft  Cbrijlians  for  their  negligence  in  obferving  the Lord’s-day  and  feafts  of  the  church.  Charged  with  this  extraordinary  embaffy  he  came  to York,  as  Hoveden  writes,  and  was  received  by  Geoffry  archbifhop,  the  clergy  and  people  with great  honour.  Here  he  fhewed  his  credentials  and  preached  to  the  people  on  the  fubjeft  i he  gave  abfolution  and  enjoined  penance  to  thofe  who  confeffed  their  guilt  in  this  refpeft. He  enjoined  his  penitents  to  give  a  farthing  out  of  every  five  fliillings  of  their  perfonal  eftate for  buying  lights  to  the  church  and  for  burying  the  poor  •,  had  a  box  placed  in  every  parifh church  for  the  collecting  of  it,  and  an  alms  dilh  for  the  tables  of  the  richer  fort,  in  which  a fhare  of  victuals  was  to  be  put  for  their  poor  neighbours  •,  and  he  forbad  buying  and  felling and  pleadings  in  churches  and  church  porches.  But  as  the  devil,  the  enemy  of  mankind, adds  Hoveden ,  would  have  it,  thefe  pious  precepts  were  little  regarded  •,  and  thofe  who  un¬ dertook  to  interrupt  men  in  tranfafting  their  bufinefs  on  the  Lord’s-day,  were  called  to  an account  for  it  by  the  civil  power.  But  Roger  has  taken  care  to  record  feveral  miracles, which,  if  true,  mult  be  evident  tokens  of  the  divine  [million  of  abbot  Eujlace.  A  car¬ penter  of  Beverlay  having  prefumed  to  work  after  three  o’clock  on  Saturday  was  ftruck  with a  dead  palfy.  A  woman  weaving  after  the  fame  hour  was  taken  in  like  manner.  At  Naf- ferton,  a  village  belonging  to  Roger  Arundel,  fays  Hoveden,  a  certain  man  made  a  cake, baked,  and  eat  part  of  it  at  the  fame  time  as  the  former ;  which  when  he  broke  the  remain¬ der  the  next  day  blood  flowed  from  it.  Who  faw  this,  adds  he,  bore  teftimony  of  it,  and his  teftimony  is  true.  At  Wakefield,  when  a  certain  miller  would  grind  his  corn  after  three o’  clock  on  Saturday,  the  corn  was  turned  into  blood,  infomuch  as  to  fill  a  large  veflel,  and the  wheel  of  the  mill  flood  immoveable  againft  the  force  of  the  waters.  A  woman  put  her pafte  into  the  heated  oven  at  this  time,  and  when  fhe  thought  it  baked  found  it  pafte  ftill. Another  woman,  by  the  advice  of  her  hufband  kept  her  pafte  till  Monday  morning,  wrapt up  in  a  linnen  cloth,  and  they  found  it  ready  baked.  Thus  the  old  monk  runs  on  with  his miracles ;  which  I  fhould  not  have  troubled  myfelf  about,  did  I  not  find  a  near  allufion  in them  to  the  pious  frauds  of  our  true  blue  protejlants  of  the  laft  age  ;  invented  on  the  very fame  occafion. Walter  Grey,  thirty  third  archbifhop 4 The  fee  of  York  continued  void,  after  the  laft  prelate’s  death,  four  years.  But  in  that fpace  Simon  de  Langton ,  brother  to  Stephen  Langton  archbifhop  of  Canterbury  had  found means  to  get  himfelf  elected  by  the  chapter.  King  John,  who  was  then  in  good  terms  with the  pope,  fet  afide  this  election.  Alledging  how  dangerous  it  would  be  to  the  ftate  to have  the  whole  church  of  England ,  that  in  the  fouth,  and  this  in  the  north,  governed  by two  brothers.  Whether  it  was  by  reafon  of  the  king’s  old  grudge  to  Stephen  Langton,  or his  defire  to  have  his  chief  councellor  Walter  Gray,  bifhop  of  Worcefier  removed  to  this  fee  •, but  the  canons  of  York  when  they  declared  their  ele&ion  of  Simon  to  the  pope,  found  him ftrongly  prepofleffed  againft  it.  Not  only  difannulling  their  election,  but  threatning  if  they did  not  immediately  nominate  another,  he  himfelf  would  do  it  for  them.  Upon  which, knowing  it  was  the  king’s  defire,  Walter  Grey  was  pitched  upon  for  the  man  ;  and  when prefented  to  the  pope  for  his  approbation,  the  orator,  who  recommended  him  for  his  other good  qualities,  thought  fit  to  mention  his  extraordinary  chaflity,  having  never  known  woman from  his  cradle.  By  St.  Peter,  fays  the  pope,  chaflity  is  a  very  great  virtue,  and  therefore  you fhall  have  him. Walter  was  bifhop  of  Litchfield  anno  12  ic  ;  from  thence  he  was  tranflated  to  Worcefier, anno  1214-,  and,  in  the  year  1216,  was  confecrated  archbifhop  of  York  ( h ).  The  condi¬ tions  which  the  pope  made  him  agree  to  for  his  exaltation  to  this  dignity  were  very  ex¬ traordinary.  M.  Paris  affirms  that  he  was  obliged  to  pay  ten  thoufand  pound  fterling  for his  pall.  An  exceffive  fum  in  thofe  days  •,  and  which  ftraightned  his  circumftances  fo  much to  raife,  that  he  was  long  after  obliged  to  live  in  the  moft  penurious  manner  in  order  to retrieve  it.  This  gained  him  the  infamous  character,  efpecially  for  a  bifhop,  of  being  a covetous  worldling,  a  griper  and  oppreffor  of  the  poor  •,  and  the  fame  author  gives  an odd  ftory,  invented  perhaps  by  the  country  people,  of  a  Angular  judgment  on  his  op- preffions.  In  the  year  1234,  fays  Paris,  was  a  great  dearth  and  fcarcity  of  corn  through¬ out  the  whole  kingdom  ;  but  more  efpecially  in  the  northern  parts  of  it.  For  three  years after  a  great  mortality  raged  ;  multitudes  died  as  well  of  peftilence  as  famine  ;  the  great men  of  that  time  taking  no  care  to  relieve  them.  Our  archbifhop  had  then,  in  granaries. (g  )  Rog.  Hoveden  pars  pofi.  p.  467.  Sir  H.  Spclman, vol  II  p.  1  -8. This  Eujlace,  abbot  of  Flay  in  Normandy,  had  been  in England,  with  another  ftory  the  year  before,  about  blef- ling  of  fprings,  &c.  Here  Roger  reports  a  miracle  of  his fo  monftrouily  abfurd  and  beyond  credit,  as  to  outdo the  beft  monkiih  miracle  writer  that  ever  undertook  to deceive  mankind  by  fuch  inventions.  Vide  R.  H.  p.  pojl. M-457- (h)  Anni  pontificat .  fui  fuper  ecclefiam  Ebor.  numeran- tur  a  10,  vet  II,  die  Novem.  1215  ;  ut  patet  ex  rota- to  fuo  majori  in  ecclefia  Ebor.  refervato, 5l and 416 The  HISTORY  mid  ANTIQUITIES  BookII. and  elfewhere,  a  flock  of  corn,  which,  if  delivered  out,  would  have  fupplied  the  whole country  for  five  years.  But  whether  they  did  not  offer  him  price  enough,  or  for  fame other  reafon  he  would  not  part  with  a  grain  of  it.  At  length  being  told  that  the  corn- flacks  and  great  ricks  would  luffer  for  want  of  threfhing,  being  apt  to  be  confumed  by  mice and  other  vermine,  he  ordered  it  fhould  be  delivered  to  the  hufbandmen,  who  dwelt  in  his manors,  upon  condition  they  fhould  pay  as  much  new  corn  for  it  after  harvcfl.  Accord¬ ingly  fome  of  his  officers  went  to  Ripon,  where  his  largeft  (lores  were  repofited,  and  coming to  a  great  flack  to  take  it  down,  they  faw  the  heads  of'  many  (i)  fnakes, adders,  toads  and other  venomous  creatures  peeping  out  at  the  end  of  the  fheaves.  This  being  told  to  the archbifhop  he  fent  his  fteward,  and  others  of  good  credit,  to  enquire  into  the  truth  of  it; who  finding  it  true,  would  neverthelels  force  fome  of  the  countrymen  to  mount  to  the  top with  ladders  and  throw  down  the  fheaves.  They  had  no  fooner  afcended  but  a  thick  black fmoke  feemed  to  arife  from  the  midfl  of  the  corn,  which  made  fuch  an  intolerable  flench that  it  foon  obliged  the  hulbandmen  to  come  down  again  ;  declaring  they  never  finelt  any thing  like  it  before.  As  they  defcended  they  heard  a  voice  fay,  (k)  let  the  corn  alone ,  for the  archbifhop  and  all  that  belongs  to  him  is  the  devil's  due.  In  fine  they  were  obliged  to  build a  wall  about  the  flack,  and  then  fet  it  on  fire  lell  fuch  a  number  of  venemous  creatures fhould  get  out  and  infeft  the  whole  country.  This  is  the  honefl  monk  of  St.  Alban's  ilory, which,  without  any  paraphrafe,  I  fhall  leave  to  the  reader’s  judgment. However  this  archbifhop  is  not  without  his  commendations.  Mat.  Wefbmnjter  inflances his  great  wifdom  and  government ;  and  his  fleady  loyalty  to  his  prince  fhewn  on  feveral publick  occafions.  When  queen  Eleanor ,  wife  to  Henry  III,  was  entruflcd  by  her  hufband with  the  government  of  the  realm  during  his  flay  in  France ,  our  prelate  was  alfo  left  as her  principal  councellor.  And  when  fhe  went  thither  to  the  king,  to  confer  with  him  about fome  extraordinary  matters,  he  was  with  much  perfwafion  prevailed  upon  to  undertake  the foie  regency  ;  being  then  both  old  and  very  infirm.  This  occurred  anno  1253  ;  but  I  find by  Paris  that  he  had  been  intrufled  in  that  high  office  anno  1241.  And  this  writer  him- felf,  who  has  fo  handibmdy  given  him  to  the  devil  in  the  foregoing  flory,  gives  quite  a  dif¬ ferent  character  of  our  prelate  in  the  grand  entertainment  he  made  the  whole  court,  at the  nuptials  of  Henry's  daughter  to  the  king  of  Scotland  at  York.  The  archbifhop,  fays he,  like  a  northern  prince,  bellowed  the  greatefl  holpitality  on  his  royal  guefls.  At  the firft  courfe  of  one  dinner  was  ferved  up  the  carcafes  of  fixty  fat  oxen.  The  whole  of  this and  his  other  entertainments  coft  him  four  thoufand  marks  ;  which,  adds  he,  was  l'own on  a  barren  foil,  and  never  rofe  to  his  profit;  except  that  by  this  magnificence  he  added to  his  ufual  character,  and  flopped  the  mouths  of  all  invidious  flanderers. Near  forty  years  Walter  governed  this  fee  and  did  many  things  for  the  good  of  his  church and  diocefe.  He  founded  the  fubdeanery  and  fuccentorfhip  with  the  prebends  of  Wiflow and  Fenton.  He  purchafed  the  manor  of  "Thorp  with  the  church  'of  the  fame,  which  he gave  to  this  fee  in  effeft;  but,  verbo  tenus ,  to  the  dean  and  chapter ;  taking  affurance  of them  that  they  fhould  always  grant  it  over  to  the  archbifhop  for  the  time  being.  This courfe  he  took  to  the  end  that  if  the  temporalities  of  the  archbifhoprick  fhould  be  feized  in¬ to  the  king’s  hands,  either  fede  plena,  which  fometimes  happened,  or  fede  vacante ,  which was  then  conflantly  pradtifed,  with  this  manor  the  king’s  officers  fhould  have  no  rioffit  to meddle.  To  this  wife  precaution  his  fucceffors  owe  their  prefent,  and,  now,  only  archie- pifcopal  palace  ;  which  in  all  probability  would  have  been  flripped  from  them  had  it  been held  under  any  other  tenure.  This  prelate  eredled  many  chantries  in  divers  places  ;  he gave  to  the  cathedral  at  York  thirty  two  rich  and  fumptuous  copes.  He  bequeathed  to  his fucceffors  a  large  flock  of  cattle,  procuring  the  king  to  confirm  the  gift,  and  to  take  care that  every  fucceeding  archbifhop  fhould  leave  as  many  on  the  feveral  manors  of  the  fee. It  was  this  prelate  who  purchafed  the  houfe,  now  called  MHoile-hall ,  of  the  friar s-p?rachers in  Weftminfler ,  which  Hubert  de  Burg  built  and  gave  them.  From  hence  it  was  called York-place ,  and  was  always  the  palace  where  the  archbifhop  of  York  refided,  when  in  Lon¬ don-,  till  by  cardinal  JVolfef  s  difgrace,  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  Henry  VIII,  who  obliged V/olfey  to  give  it  him.  It  then  became  a  royal  palace;  and  continued  to  be  the  principal feat  of  the  kings  of  England ,  till  of  late  years  it  was  cafually  confumed  by  fire. Nor  was  our  prelate  unmindful  of  his  family,  as  well  as  his  church,  for  during  his  long prelacy  here,  he  had  acquired  a  vafl  temporal  eflate,  which  he  procured  to  be  fettled  on his  brother  fir  Richard  Gray ,  with  remainder  to  his  nephew  fir  Waller  Gray,  the  fon  of the  former,  by  a  charter  of  king  Henry  III.  This  charter  of  confirmation,  by  infpexi - mus ,  I  have  copied  from  the  record  in  the  Tower-,  and  though  very  long,  yet,  it  being very  particular  in  the  recital  of  all  thefe  eflates  in  the  neighbourhood  of  York,  I  have  thought fit  to  place  a  copy  of  it  in  the  appendix. Our  archbifhop,  at  laft  grown  very  aged,  took  his  death-bed  ficknefs  at  York-place , W tflminjler ;  and  removing  to  Fulham  for  the  benefit  of  the  air,  was  attended  on  with great  care  by  the  bifhop  of  London.  But  three  days  after  his  arrival,  and  on  May  1, 1255,  he  died.  His  body,  being  (k)  embalmed,  was  brought  down  to  his  own  cathe- (/)  Capita  lermium ,  fcrpentium,  fdUcit,  colubrorum ,  bn-  nanus  apponcrrnt.  quia  archiepij copus  tt  omnia  qua;  habeb.it fonum  terribilium,  &c.  M.  Paris.  diabcli  pojfcjjio  erat.  M.  Paris. (k)  Vocem  uutem  audierunt  fbi  dicentem  ne  ad  bladum  (/)  Anatomia  facia,  fays  Paris. dral Chap. I.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK. dral,  and  there  with  all  due  honours  was  interred  before  the  altar  of  St.  Michael,  in  the fouth  end  of  the  'crofs  ifie  which  he  himfelf  had  erefted.  His  tomb,  as  appears  by  the annexed  plate,  is  a  curious  Gothick  performance,  of  grey,  but  what  others  call  faftitious, marble.  And  tradition  has  conftantly  averred  that  his  body  was  depofited  in  the  cano¬ py  over  the  pillars,  as  dying  under  fentence  of  excommunication  from  the  pope,  and  there¬ fore  not  buffered  burial  in  holy  ground.  I  am  forry  to  be  the  occafion  of  overthrowing this  fine  (lory,  which  has  fo  long  been  a  great  embellifhment  to  the  defcription  our  vergers give  of  the  church  and  monuments  ;  but  in  reality  the  whole  is  falfe.  Indeed  M.  Paris lays,  that  the  pope  was  much  offended  at  our  prelate,  for  refufing  to  admit  foreigners into  his  benefices  at  his  requeft ;  and  took  away  his  crofs,  which  was  ufually  carried  before him  by  the  chief  clergyman  of  his  church ;  but  the  pope’s  refentment  did  not  run  to  an excommunication  againft  him.  And  further,  being  defirous  to  know  whether  the  body  was laid  in  that  dspofilum  or  not,  I  got  leave  of  the  prefent  dean  to  open  it  at  the  end  of  the window ;  when  I  law  the  workman  pierce  near  a  yard  into  it,  and  it  was  all  folid.  The tomb  has  no  manner  of  epitaph,  wherefore  Mr.  Willis  fays  he  found,  in  the  Cotton  libra¬ ry,  a  manufcript  which  had  this  jingle  inftead  of  one; llle  fuis  fumptibus  villain  adoptavit Thorp,  etfuccefforibus  fuis  affgnavit. Obiit  catholic u s  preful  et  f delis , Ad  altare  ponilur  fanbti  Michaclis. In  the  year  u 250,  this  IV abler  Grey,  archbifhop  of  Pork,  publifhed  fome  conftitutions. which  are  filled  provincial,  as  being  deafly  intended  to  be  Obferved  by  the  whole  province of  York ,  though  publifhed  by  the  foie  authority  of  the  archbifhop  before  named.  There are  other  inllances  befides  this  of  archbifhops  making  conftitutions  without  confent  of  ly- nods.  I  the  rather  place  it,  lays  Mr .Johtlfon,  amongft  the  provincials,  becaufe  it  will  ap¬ pear,  that  fome  conftitutions  of  the  greater  province  of  Canterbury  were  copied  from  thofe of  archbifhop  Grey.  The  preamble  runs  thus, The  decree  of  the  lord  Walter  Grey,  formerly  archbifhop  of  York,  legate  of  the  apo- Ttolical  fee,  publifhed  at  York,  at  the  time  of  his  vrfitation,  to  the  honour  of  God,  and the  prefent  information  of  the  churdh  of  York,  and  to  the  memory  df  all  that  are  to come. Whereas,  &c.  (m ). —  1  '  _'I  ,  ,  <).  f  Test  . (>.’)  See  Johnfon’ s  coUedtion  of  ecclefiaftical  laws,  &c.  fir  H.  S.  vd-2.  p.  290. Sewal •4 T? I 4*8 7 he  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. A.MCCLVI. Sewal  de  Bovil  (l)  twenty  t  fourth  archhijhop. During  the  long  reign  of  Henry  III,  all  the  bifhopricks  in  England  had  at  one  time  or other  become  void  •,  from  whence  he  had  reaped  no  fmall  profit  to  his  treafury.  Walter Grefs  longevity  kept  him  out  of  York,  till,  at  length,  the  death  of  this  prelate  alfo  hap¬ pening,  the  king  was  in  no  hafte  to  fupply  the  vacancy  •,  but  kept  the  temporalities  in his  own  hands  foratleaft  three  years  and  three  months  (n).  Sewall  dean  of  York  was  in this  time  elected  by  the  chapter,  but  they  could  not  procure  the  king’s  confent  to  it,  he  ftill alledging  that  Sewal  was  a  baftard,  which  was  very  true,  and  therefore  incapable  by  the canons  to  enjoy  the  dignity.  Sewal  upon  this  was  obliged  to  have  a  difpenfation  from Rome ,  and  at  laft  by  the  (o)  pope’s  power  he  had  confecration  in  his  own  church,  fays Goodwin ,  by  the  fuffragan  bifhops  of  his  province,  July  23,  anno  1256. Sewal  was  educated  in  the  univerfity  of  Oxford ,  and  was  a  diligent  hearer  of  Edmund de  Abingdon ,  afterwards  archbifhop  of  Canterbury  and  canonized,  at  the  time  he  read  divi¬ nity  lectures  in  that  univerfity.  This  learned  man  ufed  often  to  fay  that  his  fcholar  Se¬ wal  would  be  a  great  proficient,  but  without  difpute  would  die  a  martyr.  During  his fhort  government  of  this  fee  he  underwent  much  trouble  and  affii£tion  for  oppofing the  preferment  of  foreigners,  efpecially  of  one  Jordan ,  whom  the  pope  had  conflituted dean  of  York ,  and  who  by  a  wile  had  alfo  got  himfelf  inftalled  to  it.  The  archbifhop ftoutly  withftood  this  innovation  of  the  pope’s,  even  to  a  fentence  of  excommunication, which  was  thundered  out  againft  him.  The  prelate  ftill  flood  the  fhock,  and  would  not  con¬ fent  that  an  Italian ,  and  one  who  was  found  to  be  altogether  illiterate,  fhould  have  the fecond  place  to  him  in  his  church.  M.  Paris ,  who  is  very  particular  in  this  affair,  fiys that  the  Italians  had  then  in  England  feventy  thoufand  marks  per  annum  in  ecclefiaftical  re¬ venues  ;  that  they  held  all  the  belt  livings  in  the  kingdom,  kept  no  hofpitality,  and  were molt,  or  all,  of  them,  boys  or  blockheads. This  fentence  by  bell,  book,  and  candle,  (p)  zsParis  ftiles  it,  laid  heav  yon  our  archbifhop, which  notwithftanding  he  bore  with  great  patience  and  refignation.  And  being  ftrength- ned,  adds  my  author,  by  the  example  of  the  bleffed  Thomas  the  martyr ,  by  that  alfo  and the  doctrine  which  he  had  learned  from  his  preceptor  St.  Edmund ,  and  likewife  by  tjie  ex¬ ample  of  the  bleffed  Robert  Grojihed  bifhop  of  Lincoln ,  he  withftood  this  (q)  papal  tyranny to  the  laft.  Stubbs ,  a  more  partial  writer  to  the  fee  of  Rome ,  affirms,  that  our  prelate began  to  fqueak,  at  laft,  and  called  out  loudly  for  abfolution  on  his  death  bed.  But Paris ,  who  was  contemporary  with  him,  and  muft  undoubtedly  have  known  this  whole affair,  gives  us  his  laft,  remarkable,  words  in  this  manner.  And  now,  lays  he,  our  holy prelate,  when  he  faw  death  inevitably  approaching,  raifing  himlelfup  in  bed,  joining  his hands,  and  calling  up  his  weeping  eyes  towards  heaven,  faid,  “  O  Lord  Jefus  Chrtft ,  the “  jufteft  of  judges,  thy  infallible  difeernment  muft  know  that  the  pope,  whom  thou  haft <c  permitted  to  be  the  head  of  thy  church,  has  much  harrafled  my  innocence;  for  that, “  which  God  knows,  and  the  world  is  not  ignorant  of,  I  would  not  admit  unworthy  and “  ignorant  perfons  to  the  rule  of  thofe  churches  which  thou  hifft  committed  to  my  care. “  Neverthelefs,  left  by  my  contempt  of  this  papal  decree,  this  unjult  fentence  fhould  be “  thought  juft  upon  me,  I  humbly  beg  to  be  loofed  and  abfolved  from  thefe  bonds.  But “  before  the  moll  high  and  incorruptible  judge  of  all  men  I  call  the  pope,  that  both “  heaven  and  earth  may  be  witneffes  how  much  he  has  injured  me,  and  many  times  pro- “  voked  and  offended  me,  '  . Sewal ,  during  his  fhort  reign,  corredled  and  reformed  many  abufes  in  his  church  and  dio- cefe.  He  eretfted  feveral  vicaridges  in  impropriate  churches,  which,  till  that  time  were very  ill  ferved.  He  caufed  likewife  the  ftipends  of  the  priefts  of  St.  Sepulchres  chapel  to be  increafed,  and  appointed  them  to  be  called  canons.  He  did  many  other  things  worthy of  notice,  and  would  have  done  more  had  not  death  deprived  his  church  of  its  beft  friend on  Afcenfton  day,  anno  1258.  He  was  buried  in  the  cathedral,  on  the  right  hand  his  pre- deceffor,  where  a  plain  tomb  remains  ftill  over  him,  in  the  form  the  plate  reprefents  it ; but  without  any  infeription. His  fepulcher  was  much  frequented  after  his  death  by  the  common  people,  who  had  him in  high  veneration  for  his  fan&ity  and  fufferings,  and  reported  many  miracles  to  be  done at  it.  Paris  fays,  that  he  performed  a  miracle  of  turning  water  into  wine  in  his  life  time, which  may  be  as  eafily  credited  as  thofe  after  his  death.  Many  difputes  have  arofe  about the  condudl  of  this  archbifhop  betwixt  the  popifh  and  proteftant  clergy  ;  the  former  blaming him  for  his  obftinacy,  and  the  latter  praifing  him  for  his  conftancy  ( r ).  Bayle  commends (m)  Chron :T.  Wrykts,  Sewal  de  Bainill. (n)  Ait  trim  rex :  nunquam  ilium  archiepijcopatttm  antea in  manu  tenui,  idea  carcndum  ejl  ne  nimis  cito  illxbatur. M.  Paris. (0)  Sic,  nolente  uolente  rege ,  obtinuit  et  pontificatum  et pallium.  Stubbs. (p)  Acccenps  candflis  et  pulfntU  libris  et  campanh. M.  Paris. (<j)  Omnem  papalem  tyrannidem  patienter  Juflinendo. Idem.  . (r)  Tenuit  autem  adbuc  genu  fleftere  Baal,  et  aid  ignis barbaris  opima  beneficia  ecclefiae  fuae ,  quafi  mcvrgnnttu porcis ,  imo  fpmii  dijlribuere.  M.  Paris  964. him Chap. I.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK. him  highly  ;  and  Goodwin  fays  he  deferved  canonizing  much  more  than  any  of  his  prede- cefiors,  becaufe  he  couragioufly  and  refolutely  withftood  the  power  of  the  pope,  fcorning  to condelcend  to  his  command,  or  be  terrified  by  his  fulminations.  A  fpecial  plea  at  Rome to  gain  the  honour  of  a  red  letter  in  their  calendar. The  writings  which  Bayle  and  Pitts  afcribe  to  this  prelate  are  thefe, Breviloquium  ad  Alexandrum  papam  lib.  i . Statuta  fynodalia  lib.  i. Ad  fuos  facer  dotes  lib.  i. Sermones  el  epijlolae  lib.  i . «  d/en>a/. Godfrey  de  Ludham,  mas  Kimet on,  -thirty fifth  archUJhopi £ The  Pope  and  conclave  at  Rome ,  being  vexed  at  the  obftinacy  of  Sewcil,  had  made  an  MCCLVIIi, ordinance,  a  little  before  his  death,  that  every  elefi  bifhop  of  England  Ihould,  before  his confecration,  appear  there  in  perfon,  and  take  the  pope’s  approbation  from  thence.  The firft  who  obeyed  this  mandate  was  Godfrey  de  Klmeton ,  alias  Ludham ,  dean  of  Tork ,  whom the  chapter  had  defied  archbiihop  on  the  death  of  Scwal.  Godfrey  travelled  to  Rome,  at great  colt  and  expences,  and  there  received  confecration  (j)  September  23,  125S.  At  his return  to  England  he  came  to  London ,  where  the  court  then  was,  and  had  his  crofs  born before  him  quite  through  the  city  to  the  king  ;  of  whom,  being  honourably  received,  he took  leave  and  fet  out  for  his  diocefe. In  the  year  1260,  at  the  beginning  of  Lent,  {aps  Stubbs,  this  prelate  laid  the  whole  ci¬ ty  of  Tort  under  an  interdift ;  which  continued  till  the  third  of  May  following.  But  for what  reafon  I  am  ignorant.  He  appropriated  Mexborougb  to  his  church,  which  is  now  an¬ nexed  to  the  archdeaconry  of  Tork  \  and  dying  January  12,  1264,  was  buried  in  the  ca¬ thedral.  The  place  of  his  interment  is  unknown.  He  governed  this  fee  fix  years,  three months  and  fixteen  days. (s)  Circa  nativitatem  confecratur.  M  Pans 5  R Walter 43° Book  II. the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES Walter  Giffard,  thirty  fixth  archbijhop. A.  MCCLXV  After  the  death  of  Godfrey ,  William  deLanglon ,  dean  of  the  church,  was  elected  by  the chapter  to  fucceed  him  (t).  But  the  pope  rejected  him,  and  gave  it  to  one  Bonaventure , who  refigned  it  again  to  his  holinefs;  who  then  thought  fit  to  tranflate  Walter  Giffard ,  for¬ merly  his  own  chaplain,  after  canon  of  Wells ,  then  treafurer  and  chancellor  of  England , from  the  bifhoprick  of  Bath  and  Wells  to  York.  He  was  ele&ed  to  the  former  May  15, 1254,  and  tranflated  hither  Oftober  1 5,  1265.  He  died  April  25,  1279,  and  lies  buried, fays  Goodwin ,  in  the  cathedral  near  the  eaft  window.  Leland  mentions  this  infcription  le¬ gible  on  his  grave-ftone  in  his  days,  (»). Walter  Gisfart  obiit  vii  kal.  Maii  mcclxxix. William  Wickwane,  thirty  feventh  archbijhop. MCLXXiX.  The  dean  and  chapter  of  York ,  foon  after  the  death  of  the  laft  Walter ,  elected  William. Wickwane ,  chancellour  of  the  church  for  his  fuccefior  ,  and  he  had  confirmation  according¬ ly  (x).  Of  this  prelate  little  is  recorded,  but  that  in  the  firft  year  of  his  government  he removed  the  bones  of  his  predecefior  St.  William  and  placed  them  in  a  coftly  fhrine,  as  I have  before  related,  with  great  folcmnity.  He  likewife  provided,  with  the  confent  of  his chapter,  that  thirty  two  oxen,  fifty  four  plough  horfes,  and  a  thoufand  fheep  fhould  be afiigned  of  his  goods  to  his  fuccefiors.  He  got  the  royal  affent  to  this,  and  that  his  fuc- cefi'ors  fhould  be  obliged  to  keep  the  fame  flock  upon  the  manors  belonging  to  the  fee  in •  'perpeluum. Having  fat  about  fix  years  and  half,  this  prelate  thought  fit  to  refign  his  charge  (y), and  retiring  beyond  fea  he  fell  fick  of  a  defperate  difeafe  at  Pontiniac  in  Normandy ,  de¬ parted  this  life  Abril  27,  1285,  and  was  there  buried  in  the  abbey.  The  people  of  that country,  fays  Stubbs ,  report  many  miracles  to  have  been  done  at  his  tomb  >  for  which,  that author  has  dignified  him  with  the  appellation  of  fanttus. John  le  Rom  a  in  e,  (z)  thirty  eighth  archbifiop. A.  On  the  2  9^-of  October  following  the  demife  of  the  laft,  John  Romaine  chanter  of  the Mcclxxxv.  churcll  Lincoln ,  and  not  York ,  as  many  write,  was  defied  archbifhop ;  and  lhortly  af¬ ter  had  his  confecration  at  Rome.  His  father  was  fometime  treafurer  of  this  church,  and being  a  Roman  born,  hisfon  took  the  appellation,  furnames  coming  now  much  in  ufe,  of  John le  Romane.  The  father  being  an  ecclefiaftick,  the  fon  could  not  be  born  in  wedlock  and indeed  Knighton  has  proved  him*  ai  baftard;  and  fays  he  was  begot  of  a  fervant  maid  fa). Our  treafurer  not  having  the  gift  of  continency,  fo  peculiar  to  the  clergy  in  thofe  days. John  is  reported  to  be  a  wife,  ftout,  and  a  very  learned,  maiu  and  v/ent  beypjijl  any  of his  predeceffors,  fays  Stupbs,  in  keeping  up  the  dignity  of  his  office  by  the  numerous  re¬ tinue  of  knights,  gentlemen,  &V.  which  he  kept  in  his  fervice.  He  was  a  great  benefaflor to  the  fabrick  of  his  church,  and  to  St.  Peter’s ,  or  St.  Leonard’s  hofpital  in  this  city; of  which  fee  more  under  thofe  titles.  He  fat  ten  years  and  died  at  his  manor  of  Burton near  Beverley  March  15,  1295,  and  was  buried  in  his  cathedral  church  near  Walter  Giffard his  predeceiTor.  The  caufe  of  his  death,  fays  Goodwin ,  fome  attribute  to  the  grief  he took  for  being  obliged  to  pay  four  thoufand  marks  to  regain  the  king’s  favour;  whom  he had  highly  incenfed  by  prefuming  to  excommunicate  Anthony  Beck ,  bifhop  of  Durham,  one of  the  king’s  council,  and  abroad  in  his  fervice  (b).  This  affair  is  upon  record  as  1  have (t)  Gulielmus  de  Ruderfeld,  alias  Langton,  elect,  in archiep.  4  id.  Maii,  1  264.  Sed  cajfata  eletiione  Willielmi decani  Ebor.  Papa  contulit  arehiepifeopatum  cuidam  fratri de  or  dine  Minor nm  ditto  Bonavcnturae  qui  timens  pellifuae , &c.  refignavit.  Chron.  T.  Wykcs,  anno  1  265. (u)  Walterus  Giffard  elect.  Ebor.  feribit  priori  et  con¬ vent.  Bathon. - Vobis  dermneiamus  die  beati  Thomae Apofi.  nos  cejjijfe  et  enram  Ebor.  eccl.  recepijfe,  ut  de  elect, futuri  pout,  cogitetis.  C.  Bathon.  in  biblioth.  hofpitii  Lin¬ coln.  p.  96. (x)  Temporalia  refiituta  Oft.  28.  1279-  fttt.  7  Ed.  I. m.  9.  Rex  adhibv.it  ajfenfum  election,  magift.  Willielmi cancellarii  Ebor.  in  archiep.  et  hoc  fignificat .  ejl  papae  quod fuum  eft  in  hac  parte  exequatur.  4  Julii  pat.  7  Ed.  I. m.  14. (y)  Vacat  Sept.  15  Ed.  I.  m.  14. (z.)  Johannes  Romanus  canon,  ecclefat  electus  et  ha- bet  regis  ajfenfum  15  Nov.  pat.  13  Ed.  I.  m.  3.  Tempo¬ ralia  refiituta  Ap.  I  2.  p.  14  Ed.  I.  m. (a)  A  Johanne  Romano,  quondam  Eboracenfi  the- faurario.  et  quad  am  pediflequa  procteatus.  H.  Knighton. (b)  The  whole  proceeding  of  a  parliamentary  inqui¬ ry  into  this  mitter  ( anno  reg.  Ed.  I  21.)  is  publilhed in  Ryleysplacita  parliament  aria,  p.135.  The  a:chbifhop was  caff,  and  entered  into  this  bond  to  the  king  for the  payment  of  his  fine.  See  alio  p.  172. Noverint  unherfi  quod  nos  Johannes  providentia  divinx .Ebor.  arch  Ang.  prim,  tenemur fieremfifimo  principi  domino noflro  dompno  Ed.  Dei  gratia  regi  Ang.  dom.  Hibern.  et duel  Aquitr.n.  in  quatuor  millibus  marc arum  de  qu.bus  co¬ ram  ipfo  domino  rege  ad  placita  fua  in  rotulis  fuis  ibidem et  etiam  in  fcaccario  ipfius  domini  regis  fit  mentio folvendarum eidem  pro  fuae  beneplacito  voluntatis.  Ad  quartern  folutio- nem  faciend.  obligamus  nos  et  omnia  bona  nofira  per  quae dijlringamur  prout  domino  regi  placutnt  ad  eandem.  Ad quod  faciendum  hos  fidejujfores  invehimus ;  viz.  venerabt- lem  fratrem  nofirum  J.  Karl.  Epm.  Henricum  dccanum Ebor.  Willielmum  archidiaconum  Ebor.  Johan,  archidiac. Effrithing  et  Willielmum  archul.  Not.  In  cujus  rei  teJIT mor.ium  figillum  nojlrutn  una  cum  figillis  praed.  fidejufforum given A Chap.  I.  of  the  CHURCH  If  YORK.  431 given  ic  from  the  authority  below.  There  is  likewife  another  complaint  againft  him  ex¬ hibited  by  the  prior  and  convent  of  Bridlington ,  the  fame  parliament  as  the  former,  for concealing  the  effefts  of  an  exiled  Jew  of  York ,  and  defrauding  the  king  of  them.  Of  this alfo  he  was  found  guilty  and  put  upon  the  king’s  mercy.  Thefe  matters  occurred  an.  1293, and  they  feem  to  confirm  Knighton's  character  of  this  prelate,  who  reprefents  him  as  a  co¬ vetous  worldling,  and  to  carry  on  his  extortions  to  a  degree  of  madnefs  (a).  He  adds, that  he  died,  by  the  juft  judgment  of  God,  fuddenly,  without  having  time  to  make  a  will, whereby  his  ill-got  goods  became  the  king’s  property  *,  no  one  daring  to  give  an  half¬ penny,  or  a  morfel  of  bread  out  of  it,  for  the  relief  of  his  foul  at  his  funeral^).  This  cha¬ racter  feems  to  be  fomewhat  injurious  to  the  memory  of  our  prelate,  and  entirely  incon- fiftent  with  his  many  publick  benefactions. Henry  de  Newark,  thirty  ninth  arcbbfjop. Henry  de  Newark ,  dean  of  York,  was  chofen  archbifhop  on  the  feventh  of  May  fol-  a. lowing  (r).  But  becaufe  of  a  war  in  Europe  at  that  time  he  did  not  go  to  Rome ,  fo  had  MCCXCYIII confirmation  by  bull,  as  alfo  to  be  confecrated  in  his  own  church  by  Anthony  Beck  bi- fhop  of  Durham ,  which  was  done  accordingly  June  24,  1298  ;  two  years  after  his  ele¬ ction.  He  fat  not  above  one  year  after  this  and  then  died  Augujl  15,  1299,  and  was  bu¬ ried  near  his  predeceftor. Thomas  de  Corbridge ,  fortieth  archbifhop. After  him  fiicceeded  a  great  and  learned  divine,  fays  Goodwin ,  Thomas  de  Corbridge , canon  of  York ,  (d)  and  cufos ,  or  facrift,  of  the  chapel  of  St.  Sepulchre's  contiguous  to that  cathedral.  He  was  eleCbed  November  \  2,  and  confecrated  at  Rome  February  28,  fol¬ lowing  (e).  The  pope  beftowed  the  place  of  facrift,  vacant  on  this  promotion,  on  a kinfman  of  his  own  ,  who  foon  after  dying,  the  archbifhop  placed  in  his  room  Gilbert  Se- grave ,  afterwards  bifhop  of  London.  Notwithftanding  the  king’s  exprefs  letters  to  the archbifhop  in  behalf  of  John  Bufk  his  fecretary.  This  contumely  provoked  the  king  fo much,  that  he  took  from  the  bifhoprick  three  manors,  there  called  baronies,  which  of  old belonged  to  the  fee,  and  detained  them  as  long  as  this  prelate  lived.  Which  indeed  was not  long,  for  he  died  at  Lanham ,  com.  Nottingham ,  September  2,  1303  ;  and  was  buried at  Southwell ,  under  a  plain  altar  ftone  in  the  choir,  which  had  his  effigies,  at  full  length, in  bra's  upon  it  »  but  long  ago  torn  off  and  defaced. A. MCCXCIX. William  de  Grenefeld  forty  firjl  archbifoop. The  chapter  of  York  then  eleCted  William,  called  by  Stubbs,  de  Grenesfeld,  canon  of  York,  a.  MCCCV. and  chancellor  of  England  to  fucceed;  who  after  his  election  travelled  to  Rome  for  appro¬ bation  (/).  Here  he  was  obliged  to  dance  attendance  two  years  ;  and  it  coft  him  nine thoufand  five  hundred  marks,  in  prefents  only,  before  the  pope,  Clement  V,  thought  fit to  confirm  him  ;  which  was  at  laft  performed  January  30,  1305.  This  extraordinary  ex¬ pence  made  him  very  bare  at  his  coming  to  his  fee  ;  infomuch  that  he  was  obliged  to raife  two  collections  amongft  his  clergy  in  one  year.  The  firft  he  called  a  benevolence,  the fecond  an  aid ;  though  the  revenues  of  the  archbifhoprick  are  faid  then  to  amount  to  three thoufand  one  hundred  and  forty  five  pound  thirteen  fhillings  and  five  pence,  Jterling , yearly. This  prelate  favoured  the  knights  templars  very  much  •,  whom  the  pope  and  the  French king  thought  every  where  to  extirpate  ;  alledging  for  it  their  exorbitant  and  fcandalous lives,  when  in  truth  it  was  rather  their  being  over  rich  than  wicked,  that  occafioned  their  fall. It  feems  our  prelate  had  the  fame  opinion  of  them  •,  for  when  thofe  of  his  province  were entirely  oifpofftffed  of  all  their  eftates  and  goods,  he  took  cafe  to  place  them  in  feveral monafteries  ;  that  they  might  not  ftarve  for  want  of  neceffary  fubfiftence  (g).  ■ He  was  prefent  at  the  grand  council  of  Vienna ,  and  had  place  alfigned  him  next  to  the archbifhop  of  Triers.  He  was  fo  jealous  of  the  privileges  of  the  arch iepifcopal  fee  of  York, noftrorum  praefentibus  eft  appenfum.  Dat .  a piul  Weftm. die  Merc.  prox.  ante  fejhtm  Pentecoft.  anno  gr.  m.  cc. nonagefimo  tertio,  See. (a)  Homo  valde  literatus,  fed  non  tamen  tnultae  literae, fed  avaritia  maxima  earn  fecit  quafi  infanire.  H.  Knigh¬ ton. (b)  Non  enim  panis  vcl  obolus  pro  anima  ipfitts  dabatur. H.  Knighton- ( c)  Hen.  de  Newark  dccanus  Ebor.  babet  regis  afftn- fum  Junu  5.  pat.  24  Ed.  I.  temporalia  reflit  at  a  prima  pars p.  25  Ed.  I. (d)  Piebendary  of  Stillington,  Mr.  Torre. ( e)  Tho.  de  Corbridge  canon.  Ebor.  babet  regu  afftn - fum  ad  r.rcbiepifcopatum  Nov.  1  6.  pat.  27  Ed.  I.  tempora¬ lia  reftituta  Ap.  30,  pat.  28  Ed.  I. (f)  Magifter  Willielinus  do  Grenefeld  canonicus  in  e c- clefia  beati  Petri  Ebor.  babet  regis  affenfum  ad  elertionem fuam  Dec.  24.  p.  33.  Ed.  I .  p.  1.  Temporalia  reftituta, litera  regis  ad  papstm  commend  and.  Williclinum  de  Grene¬ feld  eleft.  Ebor.  Julii  6.  33  Ed.  I.  ngiftrum  Cant} Martii  31.  p.  34  Ed.  I. (g)  Arch.  Will,  pietate  motus  fuper  ftatti  Tcmplariorum fuae  dioecefts,  omni  auxilio  deftitutorurn,  eos  in  diverfa  fuae dioecefis  inftituit  monafteria,  eifque  fua  perpettisce  vitae  tie- cejfaria  miniftrari  praecepit.  M.  A  2.  564.  de  Temp.  ord. deftrttftione. in 43* "The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. in  regard  to  that  of  Canterbury ,  that  on  a  time  being  invited  by  the  abbot  of  the  monaftery of  St.  Aujiin  in  that  city,  he  would  not  wave  the  bearing  of  his  crofs  before  him  even  in that  place  ( h ).  He  died  December  6,  131^,  at  Cawood  ;  having  fat  nine  years  eleven months  and  two  days ;  and  was  buried  before'the  altar  of  St.  Nicholas  in  his  own  cathedral William  de  Melton,  forty  fecond  archbifhop. A.MCCCXV.  Soon  after  the  foregoing  archbifhop’s  death,  William  de  Melton  (k)  piovoft  of  Bever¬ ley,  and  canon  of  York,  at  the  earneft  requeft  of  king  Edward  II,  was  ‘defted.  The election  was  made  January  21,  1315,  but  he  did  not  receive  confecration  till  two  years after;  in  which  the  court  of  Rome  was  very  dilatory,  notwithstanding  the  repeated  follici- tations  of  the  king  in  his  favour  (/).  The  dignity  was  at  length  conferred  on  him  Sep¬ tember  2 5,  1317,  at  Avignon. Goodwin  writes,  that  this  prelate  ruled  his  fee  very  worthily  ;  attending  diligently,  not only  to  the  bufinefs  of  his  church,  but  kept  a  drift  guard  on  his  own  private  actions. He  adds,  that  he  endeavoured  by  falling,  prayer,  chaility,  alms-deeds,  ‘hospitality  and vertuous  behaviour,  like  a  good  pallor,  not  only  to  teach  and  inftruft  by  preaching  and doftrine,  but  alfo  by  example  of  life.  He  vifited  his  diocefe  cbnftantly  twice  a  year  ; was  very  kind  to  his  tenants,  but  careful  to  preferve,  and  rather  to  increafe,  than  any way  diminifh,  the  rents  and  revenues  of  his  church.  Yet  was  he  not  forgetful  of  preferring as  occafion  ferved,  his  kindred  or  Servants  to  very  good  places,  both  in  church  and  Hate. Amongft  the  reft  he  purchafed,  for  his  nephew,  the  manors  of  King/kiln,  Kingfelerc  and Wentworth  *,  at  that  time  part  of  the  revenue  belonging  to  the  private  patrimony  of  the (h)  Cbron.  W.  Thorn,  de  archiep.  Cant.  prelate’s  nativity. (i)  Thomas  de  S.  Albano  canon,  de  Suthwell,  et  (/)  There  are  no  Iefs  than  twelve  .etters  wrote  by Will,  fii  Roberti  de  Grenefeld  tejlamenti  executores  archicp.  the  king  to  the  pope,  his  nephew  and  cardinals,  extant  in Ed  III  m.  7.  the  Foed.  /fng.  tom.  111.  to  expedite  the  confirmation  or 3  (k)  There  are  feveral  Meltons  in  this  county,  but  it  this  archbilhop.  Et  cum  papa  W.de  Melton  in  archiepifco- is  probable  Melton  in  Holdemefs  was  the  place  ofthis  pam  prtafety  rixrejlitkit tempordli*  Oft.  8.1.  pat  uEd.  11. then Chap. I.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK. archbifhop  of  Roan.  From  this  nephew  defeended  feveral  men  of  worth,  who  ferved their  country,  as  high  fheriffs  of  this  county,  at  feveral  times,  for  fome  ages  after. 1  his  prelate  bellowed  great  coft  in  finilhing  the  weft  end  of  the  cathedral  ;  and  laid out  twenty  pound  in  renewing  the  (brine  of  St.  William.  He  compounded  a  Iona  and  te- dious  controverfy  which  had  been  betwixt  the  archbifhops,  his  predecefl'ors,  and°the  dean and  chapter  ot  the  church  ;  procuring  the  order  made  by  him  to  be  confirmed  by  the pope  (7j.  He  held  the  offices  of  being  fucceffively  chancellor  and  treafurer  of  England and  dying,  at  Catvood,  April  22,  1340  ;  was  buried  near  the  font,  in  the  welt  end  of  the cathedral. On  the  laying  the  new  pavement  of  the  church,  the  Hone  which  covered  the  grave  of this  prelate  was  taken  up.  It  was  of  blew  marble,  very  large,  but  quarterly  cloven,  and had  been  plated  with  brafs  on  the  borders,  and  all  over  the  middle  part  of  it.  Upon  trial for  a  vault  the  workmen  came,  at  about  two  yards  depth,  to  fix  large  unhewn  (tones  which laid  crofs  and  crofs,  as  a  drain  is  covered.  Upon  removing  two  or  three  of  them  we  dif- covered  a  curious  walled  grave  of  afhler  ftone,  in  which  the  arch bifiiop  was  laid.  He  had been  put  in  a  lead  coffin,  and  afterwards  in  a  mighty  ftrong  oaken  one  ;  but  both  were  fo decayed  that  it  was  eafy  to  get  to  his  bones.  On  the  top  of  the  uppermolt  coffin,  near his  bread-,  liool  a  driver  chalice  and  paten  which  had  been  gilt.  On  the  foot  of  the  chalice was  ftampt  a  crucifix,  oi  no  mean  workmanfliip  ,  and  on  the  infide  the  paten  a  hand  o-iving the benedtbhon.  We  could  not  find  that  he  had  been  buried  in  his  robes  ,  his  paftoral  ftaff laid  on  his  left  fide,  but  no  ring  could  be  met  with.  His  bones  as  they  laid  together  mea- fured  fix  foot,  which  argues  him  to  have  been  a  very  tall  man.  His  grey  hairs  were  pret¬ ty  frefii  •,  after  we  had  taken  a  ffiort  furvey  of  the  exuviae  of  this  once  famous  man,  the grave  was  clofed  up  in  the  manner  it  was  before  ;  but  the  chalice  and  paten  were  carried to  the  veltry. W illiam  de  la  Zouch,  forty  third  archbijhop. Upon  the  death  of  the  former,  William  de  la  Souche,  or  Zouch ,  fucceeded  ;  but  had  a  A S' eat  fliuggle  for  the  chair  with  one  William  Killejhy.  The  day  of  election  was  made May  2,  1340,  when  Zouch  had  thirteen  voices  in  chapter  againft  five-,  notwithfbndino- which  majority,  Killejhy  would  not  give  it  up,  but  followed  Zouch  to  the  pope  ■,  and  it  was full  two  years  before  he  could  get  his  eleftion  confirmed.  But  at  laft  he  was  confecrated by  pope  Clement  VI  at  Avignon ,  July  7,  1342  ;  and  was  inthronized  in  his  own  church  at Tork ,  December  9.  following. King  Edward  III.  perfuing  his  wars  in  France  left  our  prelate  warden  of  the  north  parts of  England.  And  anno  1346,  the  Scots  taking  advantage  of  the  king’s  abfence,  made  an mvalion  with  a  powerful  army  ;  and  were  met  by  the  archbiffiop  and  his  forces  at  a  place called  Bewre-park ,  near  Durham.  A  ffiarp  fight  enfued,  in  which  our  church  general  was fo  fortunate  as  to  give  the  Scots  a  total  overthrow  ;  flew  two  earls,  twenty  one  knights  and an  infinite  number  of  common  men  ;  taking  alfo  many  prifoners,  amongft  which  was David  Brufe  t heir  king.  And  thus  revenged  his  predeceflor’s  lofs  at  the  battle  of  Mytoiu as  mentioned  in  the  annals  of  this  work.  I  find  there  were  great  diflenfions  betwixt  this archbiffiop  and  the  dean  and  chapter;  infomuch  that  he  put  the  church  under  an  inter- diet  \  which  caufed  the  king  tofummon  them  all  before  the  next  parliament  (m). This  prelate  began  a  chapel  on  the  fouth  fide  of  the  cathedral,  in  which  he  intended to  have  been  buried;  but  lived  not  long  enough  to  fee  it  finifhed.  Mr.  Tom  has  gi¬ ven  us  a  ihort  abftraft  of  his  will,  which  is  Hill  extant  in  the  office,  dated  at  Rif,» Jum 128,  1349  and  proved [July  27,  1352;  whereby  he  commends  his  foul  to  God  al- mighty,  Sc.  Mary  and All-faints,  and  appointed  his  fepulture  in  the  cathedral  church  of 7ork,  bequeathing  five  hundred  pound  fterling  to  ereft  one  perpetual  chantry  of  two  priefts to  celebrate  for  the  good  eftate  of  his  foul  (n),  £sV.  1  F This  building  is  now  the  veftry,  of  which  more  in  its  proper  place ;  for  our  prelate  be¬ ing  taken  oft,  as  I  Paid  before,  upon  July  19,  1352,  he  was  laid  before  the  altar  of  St  Ed¬ mund  king  and  confefibr  in  h.s  cathedral.  His  tomb,  fays  Stubbs,  lay  a  long  time  after covered  with  a  ftone  pavement,  to  denote  the  greatnefs  of  his  (lock  and  lineage  ;  and  in regard  to  thoft  to  whom  in  his  file  time  he  had  proved  an  extraordinary  benefaftor  I own  Ido  not  thoroughly  underftand  this  paflage  in  Stubbs,  but  thecourfe  of  my  work  will no  fuffer  me  further  to  defiant  about  it,  fo  I  give  it  in  the  author’s  words  (0)  below  ;  I  (hall only  fay,  that  his  family  was  noble  ;  the  Zoucbes,  fays  Camden,  derived  from  a  flump  or *fT’  kedUCed  |cnef°Sy  from  the  earls  of  Britany,  and  were  at  this  time polTeffedof  two  baronies,  v,z.  Zouch  of  Ztjhby,  whence  AJhby  de  la  Zouch,  and  Zouch  baron ol  Hanngworlb  (p ). (/)  Vide  Toed.  Ang.  tom.  IV.  p.^iy. {tn)  Clauf.  2  Ed.  III.  m.$.  dorfo.  et  de  dijfenfione  inter archiepifcopu/n  et  e p.  Dunelm.  piper  aliquibus  tangentibus eede/tas  fttas.  CUtif.  3  Ed.  HI.  w.  c.  dorfo. (n)  P.  461 .  >  J (O)  Sepulchrum  ejtts  din  poflea  pavimento  lapideo  jacuit coopertum,  in  argument itm  magnitudinis  par  enturn  fuorum, ct  aliorum  qteihus  eximius  dum  vixit  exflittrnt  btuefalior. Stubbs  in  vita  ejus.  x.  feript. (P)  Dugdale' s  baronage,  vol.  I. 5  S 4 William 434 A.  13/2. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. William  le  Zouche,  archbifhop  of  York,  publifhed  a  feries  of  conftitutions,  in  the  year 1347,  made  in  a  provincial  fynod  held  at  Thorp,  near  the  city  of  York  -,  John  Thohefly,  his immediate  fucceffor,  gave  them  a  new  fanftion,  and  from  his  conftitutions,  only,  we  have them.  Beginning,  William ,  by  divine  providence,  &c.  (q) John  Thoresby  vel  Thursby,  forty  fourth  archbijhop. If  we  may  give  credit  to  the  genealogy  of  this  prelate,  given  by  our  late  antiquary  Ralph Thorejbj  of  Leeds ,  efq-,  this  family  is  of  a  much  more  ancient  Britijh  ftock  than  the  former, being  derived  from  Aykfxth ,  a  noble  baron,  lord  of  Beat,  Sedbergh ,  &c.  in  the  lime  of  king Khute  the  Dane  (r).  But  however  that,  the  pedigree  feems  to  make  it  appear  that  this^ob* Ihorcffy  was  fecond  fon  of  Hugh  Thorejby ,  fon  of  fir  Hugh  Thorejby  of  Thorejby  knt.  by  Ifa- bel  the  daughter  of  fir  Tho.  le  Grofe  of  Suffolk,  knt.  He  was  probably  born  at  Thoryby , near  Midleham  in  this  county,  which,  according  to  the  foregoing  authority,  continued  long after  this  to  be  the  feat  of  the  family. John  Thorejby  had  his  chief  education  in  the  univerfity  of  Oxford  where  he  was  much efteemed  for  his  learning,  being  a  very  great  divine  and  a  good  canonift.  Being  foon  after diftinguifhed  at  court,  king  Edward  III.  made  him  keeper  of  the  great  feal  July  2,  1347; and  Sept.  23,  fallowing,  he  was  confecrated  bifhop  of  St.  David's.  From  hence  our  prelate was  tranflated  to  Worcejler,  and,  in  Oft.  1352,  was  elected  to  York.  Having  fued  out  his pall  from  the  pope,  he  came  to  vifit  his  flock,  and  on  the  nativity  of  our  lady  anno  1354, arrived  at  York-,  where  he  was  met,  and  honourably  received,  by  a  vaft  concourfe  of  his clergy  and  people,  and  enthrofiized  the  fame  day,  in  great  pomp,  in  the  archiepifcopal chair  ;  and  had  the  temporalities  reftored  to  him  Feb.  8.  following. Being  lord  chancellor  of  England ,  at  the  time  of  his  election,  our  prelate  refigned  that molt  honourable  office  ;  and  laying  afide  all  fecular  affairs  he  fet  himfelf  to  vifit  his  flock, and  to  compofe  differences  in  which  laft  article  he  was  more  than  ordinary  remarkable. Shewing  himfelf,  as  he  is  truly  characterifed  to  be,  conlentionum  et  litium  hojlis ,  et  pads  et concordiae  amicus. King  Edward  III,  fays  the  author  of  the  controverfies  betwixt  (s)  the  two  archiepifcopal fees,  confidering  the  danger  which  both  bodies  and  fouls  were  lubjecft  to,  by  the  long  con- contentions  betwixt  them  •,  and  greatly  affedling  the  quiet  and  fatisfaclion  of  his  fubje&s, invited  the  two  archbifhops  to  a  meeting,  in  parliament,  at  JVejlminJler.  Here,  the  matter being  talked  over,  our  prelate  (t),  without  the  confent  of  his  chapter,  made  a  firm  com¬ pact  with  his  brother  of  Canterbury  for  bearing  his  crofs  in  that  province.  It  was  now  near two  hundred  years  fince  Roger  archbifhop  of  York  had  affumed  an  equality  with  him  of  Can¬ terbury,  and  claimed  the  fame  privilege  of  having  his  crofs  born  up  before  him  when  he  was in  the  province  of  Canterbury,  which  the  other  claimed  and  ufed  in  the  province  of  York. Thefe  contentions  about  this  vain  piece  of  ceremony,  frequently  rofe  fo  high,  betwixt  the tw'o  metropolitans,  as  to  obftru<ft  all  bufinefs  at  the  meetings  of  parliaments.  And  if  one had  got  before  the  other  into  an  afiembly  of  that  nature,  the  latter  would  have  a  door broke  open  on  purpofe  for  him  to  enter  at  that  he  might  not  be  faid  to  follow  his  bro¬ ther.  The  two  prefent  archbifhops,  Simon  IJlip  and  John  Thorejby  put  an  amicable  end  to this  difpute,  by  the  mediation,  as  is  faid,  of  the  king,  without  the  interpofirion  of  the  pope. The  fum  of  the  concordat  may  be  met  with  in  a  later  part  of  this  work.  This  agreement was  however  afterwards  ratified  and  confirmed  by  pope  Innocent  VI,  by  his  Bull  bearing date  Feb.  22,  1354,  at  Avignon  (u).  In  the  confirmation  the  pope,  feeking  to  pleafe  both parties,  about  precedency,  invented  that  nice  diftin&ion  of  primate  of  England,  and  all England-,  which  laft  was  given  to  Canterbury.  Thus  when  two  children,  fays  Fuller,  in  his ludicrous  ftyle,  cry  for  the  fame  apple,  the  indulgent  father  divides  it  betwixt  them  ;  yet not  fo,  but  that  he  giveth  the  larger  and  better  half  to  the  child  that  is  his  darling  (x). Our  prelate  had  likewife  the  honour  to  put  a  final  determination  to  a  long  controverted difpute,  in  chancery,  betwixt  the  abbot  of  St.  Mary's,  and  the  mayor  and  commonality  of the  city  of  York,  about  the  liberties  of  Bootham.  He  brought  them  to  fign  an  indenture  by which  the  boundaries  of  each  areafiigned;  and  which  agreement  was  fo  firm,  that  there  ne¬ ver  were  any  more  difputes  betwixt  them.  A  copy  of  this  indenture  is  extant  in  another  part of  this  work. Anno  1361.  he  began  the  new  foundation  of  the  quire  of  his  cathedral  church,  towards  the charge  of  which  work  he  inftantly  laid  down  one  hundred  pound  •,  and  promifed  to  contri¬ bute  200/.  per  ann.  to  it  till  it  was  finished,  which  he  faithfully  performed  as  long  as  he  lived. But  of  this  more  in  another  place.  Hebeftowed  great  coft  in  beautifying  and  painting  our lady’s  chapel  with  images  and  pictures  of  excellent  workmanfhip.  And  removing  the  bo¬ dies  of  diverfe  of  his  predeceffors  that  lay  buried  in  feveral  places  about  the  quire,  he  en¬ tombed  them  anew,  at  his  own  expence,  before  the  entrance  into  this  chapel,  referving  a ( q)  Sec  John  forts  collections  of  ecclefiaftical  laws,  &c. Sir  H  S.  p.603. (r)  Thorelby’r  Ducat.  Leod.  p.  69.  Idem  Vicariu Leod.  p.  186. (s )  Wharton's  Anglia  facra,  vol.  I. (t)  Ex  MS.  Torre- (u )  Printed  at  length  in  Anglia  facra. (x)  Fuller's  church  hiftory. place Chap.  I.  °f  the  CHURCH  «/YOR K. place  in  the  midft  of  them  for  himfelf.  He  took  pofTeffion  of  his  tomb  loon  after,  for  dying at ' Bi/hopfthorp  Nov.  6,  13V3,  he  was,  on  the  vigil  of  St.  Martyn  following,  molt  lolcmnly interred  in  the  place  he  had  direfted  (y).  _  Leland  has  given  us  a  broken  infcnpuon,  which  he fiiys  was  on  a  grave-ftone  in  his  time*  viz. Johannes  Sc  Sfhotcsbv  qtionsam  SBcnrtenfis,  pottquam  WigojitienKs,  ct  ©bo?.  arrljicpif* copus,  qut  fabjicam - ©but  hi.  etc  J2obcmbjt3  a.  2D.  spCCC  ILSS33ia.f=; Bale  in  his  centuries  of  Britijh  writers,  has  conftituted  our  prelate  a  cardinal  ;  and  f  .ys he  was’  made  one  by  pope  Urban  V.  at  St.  Savine.  Mr.  Tom  confirms  this,  and  gives  us  his title  Si  Peter  ad  vincula.  As  appears  by  the  infeription  on  the  circumference  ot  his  leal, which  leal,  adds  he,  I  have  feen,  viz.  jb.  3fo!)anms  @>amti  yctri  Ob  ffiitntula  pcsbiterf CarDtllflliS  But  fince  this  prelate  is  not  mentioned  by  Ciaeonius  in  his  lives  ot  the  cardinals, nor  by  any  of  the  Italian  writers  on  that  fubjeft,  I  prefume  that  they  are  both  miftaken. Mr.  Torre  does  not  give  us  any  abftraft  of  the  deed,  or  writing,  to  which  this  leal  is  affixed, to  Ihew  that  it  actually  was  the  feal  of  John  Thorejby.  And  fince  in  all  his  publick  afts,  e- ven  in  his  laft  will  he  never  affumed  the  title  of  cardinal,  there  is  great  reafon  to  believe  the feal  that  Mr  Torre  faw  belonged  to  fome  other  perfon.  One  thing  which  made  our  prelate very  remarkable,  and  mult  not  be  omitted,  is  his  publilhing  an  expofition  on  the  ten  com¬ mandments,  in  the  Englijh  tongue ,  requiring  all  the  clergy  in  his  diocefe  to  read  it  diligently to  their  parifhioners.  This  work,  Goodwin  fays  he  had  by  him,  and  comments  much  upon it,  as  a  monument  worthy  to  be  efteemed.  The  publick  fervice  under  AnticBHJl ,  adds  that author,  being  Latin  in  the  temples,  fo  that  people  underftood  nothing  of  it.  Our  late  dili¬ gent  antiquary,  and  kinfman  to  this  archbifhop,  Mr.  Thorejby ,  fays  he  long  fought  for  this curiofity  in  vain  '»  till  at  length  he  found  it  amongfil  the  records  in  the  archbifiiop  s  regifler office  at  Turk  From  whence  he  tranferibed  it,  and  the  reader  may  find  it  printed  in  the appendix  to  his  Vicaria  Leodenfts (a).  About  the  year  1363,  fays  Us.Johnfon,  archbifiiop Thorejby  publifhed  his  conftitutions;  which  begin  John  by  divine  providence  archbifiiop  of York ,  primate  of  England,  and  legate  of  the  apoftolick  fee,  Idc .  In  thefe,  his  predecelTor  s conftitutions  are  tranferibed  and  ratified  (b).  The  writings  which  Bale  further  aferibes  to our  prelate  are, Procejfum  quendam,  lib.  I.  Pridem  fanbliffimus  in  Chrijto  pater. Pro  Jocendis  laicis,  lib.  I.  Attettdite  populus  mens  legem  meant. Ad  ecclefiarum  pajlores,  lib.  I. 43  J Alexander  Nevill,  forty-jijlh  archbijbop. Alexander  Nevill,  prebendary  of  Bole  in  this  church,  was  appointed  next  unto  this  fee,  by the  pope's  provifionary  bull ;  dated  16  kal.  Mail  an.  pout.  4".  which  was  received  and  read  A.  1374. in  the  chapter  on  May  30,  1374.  And  on  June  4.  following  he  was  confecrated  in  Wejt- minfter-abby  by  the  hands  ot  Thomas  bifiiop  of  Durham  ;  Thomas  biftiop  of  Ely,  and  William biftiop  of  Winchejler(c).  . This  prelate  Was  highly  in  favour  with  king  Richard  IT,  which  proved  his  ruin.  For  ma¬ ny  of  the  malecontent  nobility  and  gentry,  rebellioufly  taking  arms  againft  their  fovereign, forced  moft  of  his  friends,  and  thofe  he  favoured,  to  anfwer  certain  articles  alledged  againft them  in  parliament.  Some  of  whom  they  condemned  to  death  ar.d  others  imprifoned  ;  a- mongft  the  reft  our  archbifhop  was  accused  and  fentenced  to  perpetual  imprifonment  in  Ro- chejler  caftle.  The  crime  they  laid  to  his  charge,  fays  Goodwin,  was  endeavouring  to  abufe the  king’s  youth,  and  to  exafpefate  him  againft  the  nobility.  But  Knighton,  his  contempo¬ rary,  gfves  a  better  reafon,  which  was  ftraining  the  king’s  prerogative  too  high,  by  advi- fing  him  to  fet  afide  and  difannnl  an  ad  of  parliament  with  his  own  authority  (d).  King Richard  being  now  in  difgrace,  his  friends  could  expedt  fmall  favour,  and  our  prelate  lee- ino-  the  ftorm  look  black  upon  him,  withdrew  himfelf  privately  from  his  palace  at  Cawood, in°a  poor  prieft’s  habit,  and  got  beyond  fea.  Leaving  all  his  goods,  £*.  as  a  prey  to  his enemies;  which,  by  a  writ  of  outlawry,  at  the  meeting  of  the  parliament,  were  all  forfeited to  the  king. It  is  moft  certain  our  prelate’s  cafe  would  have  been  very  bad  if  he  had  fallen  into  his enemy’s  hands ;  but  as  it  was  he  was  deplorable  enough.  He  lived  in  exile  fome  time  in  great want,  till  pope  Urban  V.  took  pity  of  him,  and  upon  his  refignation  of  York,  tranflated  him to  St!  Andrews  in  Scotland  (e).  But  alas!  his  evil  fate  ftill  attended  him.  The  Scots,  it (y)  See  the  chnrch  account  of  thefe  grave- ftones,  cha¬ pel,  &c. (z)  Leland  i  It  in. I  a)  This  prelate’s  will  is  extant  in  the  prerogative office,  and  begins,  I  John  de  Thorefby,  by  the  grace  of God,  archbifiiop  of  York,  primate  of  England,  and  legate  of the  apofolick  fee,  &c.  Dated  apud  Thorpe  juxta  Ebor. Sept.  12,  1373.  proved  Non.  17,  1373.  Torre,  461. (6)  Sec  Johnforis  collections,  &c.  Sir  H.  S.  vol.  II- p.602. (c)  Habet  regis  ajfenfttm  Jan.  1.  2  Pat.  47  Ed.  III. (  d )  H.  Knighton  inter  x.  fer'ipt. ( e )  Cum  fummus  pontifex  Alexandrum  nuper  archiep. Eborum  a  -vinculo  quo  diclae  eccl.  tenebatur  aifolverit,  et  ip- fum  adecclef.  S.  Andrae  tranflidcnt,  &c.  Pat.  \z.  Ric.  II, m.  22. feems, 4 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookII. items,  refuted  to  acknowledge  Urban  as  pope,  and  Tided  with  bis  adverfary  the  anti-pope  • wherefore  they  rejefted  his  nomination  of  Nevill  to  St.  Andrews.  Deprived  thus  of  both Tees,  he  was  conftrained,  through  mere  neceffity,  to  become  a  parifh  pried  and  teach  fchool at  Lovain  ;  in  which  poor  fituation  he  lived  three  years,  then  died  and  was  buried  in  the church  of  the  fryars  Carmelites  in  that  town,  about  the  end  of  May  1392.  After  he  had been  five  years  in  exile,  and  fourteen  years  primate  of  this  fee. This  prelate  is  faid  to  have  beftowed  much  coll  on  his  caflle  of  Cawood building  divers towers  and  other  edifices  about  it,  Knighton,  who  is  plainly  no  friend  to  him,  accufes  him of  being  at  difeord  and  variance  with  his  canons  of  York  and  Beverley  ;  the  latter  of  which  he deprived  ab  officiis  et  beneficiis,  keeping  the  perquifites  in  his  own  Hands.  The  citizens  of York  alfo  tell  much  under  his  difpleafure,  which  king  Richard,  at  his  coming  to  the  city made  up  to  their  content ;  but  refufed  to  meddle  at  all  with  his  quarrels  in  the  church  '  ’ Thomas  Arundel,  forty-fixth  archbijhop. Alexander  being  outlawed  and  banilhed  the  realm,  and  having  likewife  furrendered  up his  fee,  on  the  hopes  of  enjoying  that  in  Scotland,  as  has  been  faid,  Thomas  Arundel,  fon  to the  earl  of  Arundel,  though  by  lome  circumllances  in  his  arms  he  is  fufpefted  to  be  only  a baltard  of  the  family,  firlt  archdeacon  of  Taunton,  then  bilhop  of  Ely,  and  lord  chancellor was  mandated  hither  by  papal  provifion.  The  bull  bearing  date  April  3,  1388  (f). At  York,  whilll  he  (laid  here,  he  was  a  great  benefadtor  to  the  church  and  manors  of  the fee,  bellowing  much  in  buildings  and  reparations  of  divers  archiepifcopal  houfes.  To  the church,  befides  many  rich  ornaments,  he  gave  a  great  quantity  of  maffy  plate ;  the  parti¬ culars  of  which  may  be  feen  in  the  church’s  inventory.  Being  then  lord  chancellor,  and prefuming  to  quell  the  pride  and  arrogance  of  the  Londoners,  who  had  highly  offended'  their king,  he  removed  his  feals,  and  got  all  the  king’s  courts  adjourned  from  London  to  York ; where  they  ilaid  fix  months,  to  the  great  advantage  of  the  cityfjfj. Having  fat  fix  years  he  was  by  the  pope’s  provifionary  bulls  mandated  to  Canterbury Jan.  18,  1396 ;  where  I  (hall  leave  him  ;  being  the  firlt  indance  of  a  trandation  from  York to  that  fee  -,  and  none  but  Kempe  and  Grindall  after  him. Robert  Waldby,  forty-feventh  archbijhop. Robert  Waldby  was  born  in  York,  and  was  brother  to  John  Waldby,  whom  I  have  men¬ tioned  before.  He  was  firft  a  fryar  Eremite  of  St.  Aujlin  in  the  monadery  of  that  order  in this  city  ;  having  been  educated  at  Oxford.  But  leaving  his  monadick  life  he  followed -Edward  the  heroick  black  prince  into  France,  where  he  continued  long  a  dudent  in the  univerfity  of  Thouloufe.  With  the  learning  he  acquired  at  both  thefe  famous  places, he  became  the  greeted  proficient  of  his  age  in  all  kinds  of  literature.  He  is  faid  to have  been  a  good  linguid,  very  well  read  in  philofophy,  both  natural  and  moral ;  in  phy- fick  and  in  the  canon  law  edeemed  very  eminent ;  and  was  looked  upon  as  fo  profound  a  di¬ vine  that  he  was  made  prolelfor  of  divinity  in  the  univerfity  of  Tboloufe.  Thefe  ihining  qua¬ lifications  gained  him  the  edeem  of  prince  Edward-,  who  never  failed  to  encourage  and  pa¬ tronize  men  ol  learning  and  morals  ;  and  he  bedowed  upon  him  the  bilhoprick'of  Ayre  in Aquitain  (h).  From  this  fird  preferment  he  was  afterwards  tranflated  to  the  archbilhoprick ot  Dublin,  anno  1 387,  from  thence  to  Chicbefler  1393;  and  the  year  following  to  York. The  bull  of  whofe  tranflation  being  read  and  notified  to  the  chapter  of  York,  March  20 1 396.  he  had  the  temporalities  redored  to  him  June  14,  1397  (i). He  lived  not  a  year  after  this,  but  died  Jan.  6,  1397,  and  was  buried  in  St.  Edmund’s chapel  in  Wejlminjier-abby.  Where  a  fair  marble  is  laid  over  him,  on  which  is  his  effifoes and  epitaph  as  reprefented  in  the  enfuing  plate.  The  writings  which  Bale  aferibes  to  this prelate  are. Ledluram  fententiarum,  lib.  IV. Quaefliones  ordinarias ,  lib.  I. Quodlibeta  varia,  lib.  I. Contra  Wicklivijt as ,  lib.  I. Sermones  per  annum ,  lib.  I. Et  alia  plura. (/)  Lucrae  Pupae  fupt,  traofl, wine  Al.  Nevill  ab  Ebora-  this,  and  fays  he  was  bilhop  of  the  Ilk  if  Mao,  praM ccnb  .1.1  ecclejiam  s.  Andrcae  j  a  pri  Eboraccnfi  uclefa  Aiurmfi ,  for  Sijirenlh  in  his  epitaph  ,  but  the  miftake  is pmuifime.  Da,.  Romae,  Apr.  3,  1388.  Foed.  Ang.  on  his  fide,  for  it  was  Ayr,  in  Aquuaio.  S„ rum’s  mo- tnm  VI I  fi  ni  _ n. tom.  VII.  p.  573. (jr)  Remotio  curiarum  cie  Londinis  ad  Eboracum , ( i)  De  tempor.ilibus  arch.  Ebor.  commijf.  Junii  i ±t an-  *597-  Foed.  Ang.  tom.  VII.  p.  S49. Mar.  30,  1392.  Id.  tom.  VII.  p.  713. ( h  )  B.i/e  calls  it  Adnrenfis  in  Vafconia.  Goodwin  correfb Richard 458 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. Richard  Scrope,  forty  eighth  archbifhop. Richard  le  Scrope ,  brother  to  William  le  Scrope  earl  of  Wilt fh  ire  and  treafurer  of  England , after  the  death  of  Waldby,  was  promoted  to  this  fee  ;  to  which  he  attained,  fays  Walfingham , not  fo  much  by  favour,  as  by  his  own  perfonal  merit.  They  were  both  the  fons  of  fir  Ri¬ chard  Scrope,  knt.  lord  chancellor  of  England ,  temp.  2to.II.  who  was  preferred  to  that  high Ration,  fays  the  aforefaid  author,  as  one  that  had  not  his  equal  in  the  kingdom  for  wifdom and  unbiafs’d  juftice.  This  great  man  took  care  to  give  his  fons  fuitable  education,  and  to fow  thofe  feeds  of  religion  and  loyalty  in  their  hearts,  which,  when  fprung  up,  kept  their verdure  all  their  lives,  andbloffomed  even  at  their  deaths. Richard ,  our  prelate,  after  he  had  been  inftrufted  in  the  inferior  fchools,  was  fent  to Cambridge ,  fays  Bale ,  but  Matt.  Weflminfter ,  who  lhould  know  better,  fays  to  Oxford , where  he  proceded  firR  mailer  of  arts,  and  then  took  the  degree  of  dottor  both  of  the  civil and  canon  law.  Being  thus  qualified  he  went  abroad,  travelled  through  France  into  Italy , and  came  to  Rome  ;  where  he  continued  fome  time  in  the  employment  of  an  advocate  in  the pope’s  courts;  in  which  Ration  he  is  faid  to  have  particularly  applied  himfelf  to  the  defence of  the  poor.  Returning  home  with  great  reputation,  he  was  foon  after  made  lord  chancel¬ lor  of  England  by  king  Richard  IL  in  the  room  of  his  father.  He  continued  not  above  one year  in  that  place,  when  entering  into  holy  orders,  he  was  foon  after  confecrated  bilhop  of Litchfield  and  Coventry ,  and  lafily  tranflated  to  the  archiepifcopal  fee  of  York.  The  bull  of whole  tranfiation  bears  date  apud  S.  Petrum  tertio  kal.  Martii  anno  pont.  papae  Bonifacii  nono. And  July  io.  the  fame  year  he  was  infialled  archbifhop  by  William  de  Kexby  then  precentor of  the  church. The  charadler  of  this  prelate  runs  in  fo  high  a  Rrain  in  moR  authors  that  it  would  feem partiality  in  any  writer  to  copy  them.  His  very  enemies  cannot  fully  his  Ihining  qualities, the  caufe  he  laid  down  his  life  for  being  the  only  crime  attributed  to  him.  He  adorned  the high  Ration  he  was  in  as  well  by  his  noble  and  venerable  mien  and  amiable  deportment, as  by  his  excellent  behaviour  and  lingular  integrity.  In  point  of  learning  very  few  came near  him  ;  and  yet  fo  far  was  he  from  being  elated  with  his  knowledge,  that  he  was  to  all  a pattern  of  courtefy  and  humility  (k).  He  was  affable  to  the  meaneR  perfons,  and  yet  at the  fame  time  of  fuch  a  compofed  and  decent  behaviour,  as  Rruck  an  awe  and  gained  the refpedl  of  all  that  had  occafion  to  approach  him.  The  whole  courfe  of  his  life  was  religi¬ ous  ;  for  he  thought  it  not  fufficient  to  perform  the  ufual  duty  of  faying  mafs  and  the  divine office  every  day,  but,  notwithRanding  the  great  bufinefs  he  muR  neceffarily  be  engaged  in, preached  frequently,  and  devoted  feveral  hours  to  private  prayer  ;  faRing  much  and  pracffifing many  other  adls  of  mortification.  No  vice  ever  drew  the  leaR  reproach  upon  him;  fo  that even  thofe  who  took  away  his  life,  and  would  have  Rained  his  reputation,  could  not  find the  IcaR  handle  to  lay  hold  on  againfi  him. The  worR  that  can  be  alledged  againR  this  truly  vertuous  man,  and  muR  be  eReemed  a blemiffi  to  his  general  character,  is  his  fubmiffion  to  king  Henry  the  fourth,  whom  he  look¬ ed  upon  as  an  ufurper(7).  And  yet  in  this  point  he  is  in  fome  meafure  excufable.  He  faw the  generality  of  the  people  run  headlong  into  this  change  of  government,  and  it  was  alto¬ gether  out  of  his  power  to  Rem  the  impetuous  torrent.  He  therefore  chofe  to  retire  to  his diocefe  till  a  fit  opportunity  Riould  offer,  the  firR  of  which  he  readily  laid  hold  on.  The method  and  ill  fuccefs  of  this  enterprife  has  been  recited  in  the  annals  of  this  work.  Our prelate  had  too  much  fincerity  for  a  politician,  and  too  much  religion  for  a  foldier.  The firR  made  him  fuppofe  the  man  he  treated  withal  as  honeR  as  himfelf,  the  laR  urged  him  to lay  hold  on  any  occafion  to  Rop  the  eflufion  of  chriftian  blood. Tricked  out  of  his  life,  by  the  fubtlety  of  the  earl  of  Weflmorland ,  he  was  carried  to  the king  at  Pontefrabl ,  who  had  him  conveyed  to  his  own  houfe  at  Bifhopthorp.  There  Henry commanded  William  Gaf coign,  efq;  at  that  time  chief  juRice  of  England ,  to  pronounce  fentence againR  the  archbiffiop,  as  a  tray  tor  to  his  king  and  country.  But  that  upright  and memorable  judge,  as  my  author  Ryles  him  (m),  anfwered  the  king  in  this  manner  ;  neither you  my  lord  the  king ,  nor  any  liegeman  of  yours  in  your  name ,  can  legally ,  according  to  the rights  of  the  kingdom ,  adjudge  any  bi/hop  to  death.  For  which  reafon  he  abfolutely  refufed to  try  the  archbiffiop,  wbofe  memory  (adds  my  author)  be  bleffed  for  ever  and  ever.  Henry , greatly  incenfed  at  Gafcoign ,  for  this  bold  denial  of  his  orders,  commanded  fir  William Fultborpe ,  a  lawyer,  but  no  judge,  to  pronounce  fentence  of  death  againR  our  prelate.  This man  fervilely  obeyed  the  orders,  and  being  mounted  on  a  high  Rage  erefted  in  the  hall  of the  palace,  the  archbiffiop  Randing  bareheaded  before  him,  he  did  it  in  thefe  words:  We h  :  ■  . (A-)  Quern  cwclis  cemmemlabant,  et  aetatis  gravitas  et  dominabitur  populo-,  wherein  he  (hewed  himfelf ,  fays ■vitae  pr  aeader.tis  _fanclitas,  et  incomparaiufs  literaturae  fci-  Fuller,  a  fatyrift  in  the  firft  part  of  the  difcourfc,  a  para- entia - et  cunclh  amabilis  ip  fa  pcrfona.  T.  Walling-  fite  in  the  latter,  and  a  traytor  in  both.  Fuller’s  church. J  hiftory.  Fabian  in  his  chronicle  has  this  fermon  or  fpeech ( l )  Thomas  Arundel,  then  archbifhop  of  Canterbury,  ran  .at. length, as  much  on  the  other  fide,  for  he  preached  a  fermon  be-  (m)  Clemens  Maydeftone  de  mortjrio  Ricardi  Scrope. fore  this  king  at  his  acceffion  on  Samuel’ s  words,  -vir  Ang.  Sacra,  pan  II. .  _■  be Chap. I.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK. adjudge  thee  Richard,  traytor  to  the  king  to  death  \  and  by  the  king's  command  do  order  thee  to be  beheaded.  Upon  hearing  of  this  fentence  the  archbifhop  replyed,  the  juft  and  true  God blows  that  I  never  defigned  any  ill  againft  the -per fan  of  the  king ,  now  Henry  the  fourth  *,  and turning  about  to  the  by-danders  he  laid  ieveral  times,  pray  that  God  may  not  avenge  my death  on  the  king  or  his.  Which  words,  adds  my  author,  he  often  repeated  like  S t.Stephen^ who  prayed  for  thofe  that  doned  him  (n).  As  our  prelate’s  tryal  and  fentence  were  brief, his  execution  immediately  followed.  He  was  fet  on  a  forry  horfe  of  the  value  of  forty pence,  without  a  faddle,  and  with  his  face  to  the  tail,  and  was  led  in  this  manner  to  the place  of  execution  ;  faying  as  he  went  along,  that  he  never  rid  upon  a  horfe  that  he  liked  bet¬ ter  than  this  in  all  his  life.  He  was  habited  in  a  fky  coloured  loofe  garment  with  the  fleeves of  the  fame,  for  it  was  not  permitted  him  to  wear  his  own,  and  a  purple,  or  fuch  like  co¬ loured  hood,  hanging  on  his  fhoulders.  Being  come  to  the  place  of  execution,  he  laid. Almighty  God ,  I  offer  up  my  felf  and  the  caufa  for  which  I  fuffer  and  beg  pardon  and  forgivenef  of thee  for  all  I  have  committed  or  omitted.  Then  he  laid  his  hood  and  tuniclc  on  the  ground, and  turning  to  the  executioner  faid,  My  fan ,  God  forgive  thee  my  death ,  I  forgive  thee ;  but  l beg  this  that  thou  wilt  zvith  thy  fword  give  me  five  wounds  in  my  neck ,  which  I  defire  to  bear  for the  love  of  my  lord  Jefus  Chrid,  zuho  being  for  us  obedient  to  his  father  until  death ,  bore  five  prin¬ cipal  wounds  in  his  body.  He  then  ki fled  the  executioner  three  times,  and  kneeling  down prayed,  into  thy  hands  moft  fweet  Jefus  I  commend  my  fpirit ,  with  his  hands  joined  and  his eyes  lift  up  to  heaven.  Then  dretching  out  his  hands  and  eroding  his  bread,  the  executio¬ ner,  at  five  drokes,  feparated  his  head  from  his  body.  It  is  remarkable  that  this  prodigi¬ ous  fortitude  fhewed  in  the  prelate  was  in  allufion  to  hi s  banner,  which  was  painted  with  the five  wounds  of  our  fiviour  (o). The  execution  was  done  in  a  field  betwixt  Bifhopfthorpe  and  York  on  Monday  June  8,  anno 1405  i  after  which  he  was  buried  betwixt  two  pillars  in  the  ead  end  of  hfs  cathedral  ;  where  his plain  monument,  as  reprefented  in  the  plate,  is  to  be  feen  at  this  day.  I  have  chiefly  followed Clement  Maidftone’s  account  of  the  martyrdom,  as  he  terms  it,  of  this  prelate  ;  but  diall  not follow  him  in  the  miracles  he  aferibes  to  his  martyr’s  vertues  after  his  death  j  which  were faid  to  be  done  both  at  his  grave  and  in  the  field  where  he  was  beheaded  (p).  It  is  certain this  prelate  was  in  high  veneration  by  the  populace  whild  he  lived  ;  and  his  manner  of  dyino- would  not  abate  their  opinion  of  him.  No  wonder  then  if  his  tomb  was  vifited,  according to  the  cudom  of  that  age,  by  great  numbers  of  people  ;  but  Henry  being  informed  of  it, hedridtly  forbad  it,  and  ordered  great  logs  of  wood  to  be  laid  upon  the  grave,  to  prevent an  adoration  very  impolitick  in  him  to  fuffer. Thus  fell  our  worthy  primate,  a  facrifice  for  loyalty  and  fidelity  to  his  patron  king  Ri¬ chard.  He  was  the  firdbifhop  in  England  that  differed  death  by  any  form  of  law ;  and  which the  pope  no  fooner  heard  of,  but  he  excommunicated  the  king  and  all  that  were  the  au¬ thors  and  abettors  of  this  execrable  murder.  Henry  found  means,  not  long  after,  upon  his fubmiflion  and  repentance,  to  obtain  a  bull  of  pardon  from  the  holy  fee.  This  abfolution is  recorded  in  our  regider’s  office  ;  and  is  offo  Angular  a  nature  being  indorfed,  for fear  the  age  fliould  fuppofe  a  pardon  of  that  kind  could  be  purchafed  for  money  from  the apodolick  chamber,  that  I  have  thought  fit  to  place  an  exaft  copy  of  it  in  the  appendix. Bale  aferibes  thefe  writings  to  archbifhop  Scrope  : Super  epiftolas  quotidianas,  lib.  1. Invefturarum  in  regem  Henricum,  lib.  1. Fenefirum  facies  in  archa  haec \ Coram  domino  Deo  noftro  Jefu. It  is  remarkable  that  there  is  yet  in  York  an  indance  of  this  prelate’s  popularity  j  for in  the  fhocmaker’s  company  is  kept  a  bowl,  called  a  (p)  ^a?CUC  botol,  edged  about  with ^VC1T  ^ou^c  with  three  filver  feet,  cherub’s  heads,  to  it.  Round  the  rim  on  one fide  is  this  inicription,  Kccljattic  arelje  bcfcfjope  Scrope  grant  unto  all  tfjo  tljat  orinlus of  tins  rope  rln  bapes  to  parboil.  On  the  other  is,  Robert  d&obfon  bcfcljopc  mefm grant  tit  fame  fo’mc  afo:cfaioc  rlri  bapis  to  parbon.  Robert  §>trenfall.  I  take  thefe Ia-d  to  have  been  the  luffragan  bifhops  o'f  the  fee.  Every  fead  day,  after  dinner  the company  have  this  bowl  filled  with  fpiced  ale,  and,  according  to  ancient  cudom,  the bowl  is  drank  round  amongd  them.  It  has  fince  had  an  additional  lining  of  filver  and  the company's  arms  put  iiponitrt««o  1669. (»')  The  prophecy  of  a  dying. canon  of  Burlington,. relating  to  this  prelate’s  fate,  is  fomewhat  remarkable, who  foretold  it  darkly  enough  in  thefe  words : Bdccni  traclabunt,  fed  fraudem  fob  ter  arabunt, Tro  nulla  marca  falvabitur  ille  hjerarcha  [archiep.] Tho.  Walfingham. (  0  )  Thomas  Walfingham . (?)  This  author  fays,  that  Henry  was  ftruck  with  a leprofy  the  night  after  th«j. execution.  Enumerates  fo. vcral  miracles,  and  concludes  with  a  feeming  authentick account  that  Henry's  body  was  never  buried  at  Canter¬ bury,  but  being  fent  down  by  water  was  thrown  over board  in  a  ftorm ,  and  a  coffin  filled  with  ftonc  buried  in his  Head.  Vide  Ang.  Sac.  vol.  II. (q)  Mazer,  a  Belg.  Shafer,  ^CeCet,  tuber  ligni  ace- ris  ex  qua  materia  praecipue  haec  pocula  confici  folebant. Skinner.  Acer  is fuppofed  to  be.ou i  Maple. 5  T  2 H  £  NRY 440 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES Book  II. Henry  Bowet,  forty  ninth  archbifhop. The  fee  of  Tork  remained  void  for  the  fpace  of  two  years  and  half ;  during  which time  there  were  two  nominations  to  it,  but  neither  of  them  were  confirmed.  The  firfl was  of  Thomas  Longley ,  dean  of  the  church,  who  obtained  the  king’s  afient  to  his  election by  the  chapter  ;  but,  for  whatreafon  I  am  ignorant,  was  fetafide  from  this,  and,  fometime after,  was  conflicted  bifhop  of  Durham.  The  pope  thought  fit  to  appoint  Robert  Halom, then  chancellor  of  the  univerfity  of  Oxford ,  to  this  fee,  which  the  king  underflanding,  was much  difpleafed  at  it ;  whereupon  his  holinefs  confecrated  him  bifhop  of  Salfbury.  At length  all  parties  concurred  in  the  nomination  of  Henry  Bowett  bifhop  of  Bath  and  Wells  ; he  had  the  temporalities  reflored  to  him  December  i,  1407 (r)  •,  and  on  the  ninth  of  the fame  month  was  inflalled  in  perfon  in  his  cathedral  church,  near  the  altar  of  our  lady,  by the  hands  of  William  Kexby  precentor  ;  the  dean  being  then  in  remote  parts  (s). This  prelate  was  firfl  archdeacon  and  prebendary  of  Lincoln ;  then  made  canon  of  Wells ; afterwards  he  travelled  for  fometime  m  France  and  Italy  and  at  his  return  home  anno  1402, was  made  bifhop  of  Bath  and  lord  treafurer  of  England.  There  is  nothing  memorable  re¬ corded  of  him  in  hiflory  relating  to  York,  fave  that  in  the  year  1417.  the  Scots  invading England ,  as  it  was  ufually  their  cuflom  when  our  kings  were  warring  in  France ,  fo  whilft Henry  V.  was  carrying  on  a  fuccefsful  war  againfl  the  French ,  the  wardens  of  the  north  parts of  England  affembled  their  forces  to  flop  the  progrefs  of  the  Scotch  who  had  already  be- fieged  Berwick  and  Roxborough.  Our  prelate,  though  old,  and  fo  infirm  that  he  could  nei¬ ther  walk  nor  ride,  yet  would  needs  go  in  this  expedition,  and  was  therefore  carried  in  a chair.  Which  action  fo  animated  the  Englifh  army,  that  they  fell  upon  the  Scots  and  drove them  back,  with  great  daughter,  into  their  own  country  (t). This  archbifhop  is  alfo  much  commended  for  his  great  hofpitality,  even  above  any  of his  predeceffors  (u).  And,  truly,  if  the  confumption  of  fourfcore  tun  of  claret,  which  is faid  to  have  been  yearly  fpent  in  his  feveral  palaces,  can  make  us  guefs  at  leffer  matters, it  mull  argue  beef  and  ale  in  abundance.  To  this  purpofe,  I  fuppofe,  he  built  the  great  hall (r)  1  Pat.  9  Hen.  IV,  m.  15.  (/)  Thomas  tValfmgham . (s)  Foed.  Ang.  tom.  VIII.  p.503.  MS.  Tom,  p.465.  («)  Goodwin. John  Profhete  then  dean. in Chap.  I.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK. in  the  cattle  of  Cawood  and  the  kitchens  in  his  manor  houfe  at  Ottley,  He  died  at  the  firft named  place  Oft.  20,  1423,  and  was  buried  in  the  eaft  part  of  the  cathedral,  near  the  al¬ tar  of  all  faints,  which  he  had  built  and  adorned  very  fumptuoufly.  His  tomb,  exadtly  op- pofite  to  that  of  his  unfortunate  predeceflor’s ,  is  a  curious  piece  of  Gothick  architecture. The  ftone  which  covered  the  grave,  being  thought  proper  to  be  removed  and  fawn  for  the ufe  of  the  new  pavement,  the  remains  appeared  ;  among  which  was  found  nothing  re¬ markable,  but  hisarchiepifcopal  ring,  which  is  gold,  and  has  an  odd  kind  of  ftone  fet  in  it. On  the  inner  verge  is  engraven,  as  a  poefy,  thefe  words  ^Qlincut  et  3|0?C- This  Henry,  by  divine  providence  archbifhop  of  York ,  primate  of  England ,  and  legate of  theapoftolick  fee,  made  his  will,  dated  at  Thorpe  juxt a  Ebor.  September  9,  anno  1421 ; and  proved  before  the  chapter  of  York ,  Oftober  26,  1423.  By  which  he  gave  his  foul  to God  almighty  his  creator,  and  his  body  to  be  interred  as  above.  He  gave  for  the  expences of  his  funeral  one  hundred  pound;  and  twenty  pound  more  to  have  a  thoufand  Mattes,  af¬ ter  the  manner  of  St.  Gregory's  trental,  celebrated  for  his  foul,  and  thofeof  his  parents,  &V. within  a  month  after  his  death  (x). John  Kemp,  fiftieth  archbifhop. After  the  demife  of  Henry  Bowet ,  the  pope  preferred  Richard  Fleming ,  bifhop  of  Lincoln ,  a.  1426. to  this  fee  ;  but  the  king,  with  the  dean  and  chapter,  taking  advantage,  fays  Goodwin ,  of the  law  lately  made  againft  the  ufurpations  of  Rome ,  fo  ftoutly  oppofed  him,  that  the pope  was  glad  to  draw  in  his  horns,  and  to  return  Fleming  to  Lincoln.  However,  not  to lofe  his  papal  authority,  in  this  matter ,  he  fent  out  a  mandate  direfted  to  the  citizens and  populace  of  the  diocefe  of  York ,  directing  them,  in  very  odd  terms,  to  acknowledge Kempe  as  their  archbifhop  (y).  And  accordingly  he  was  tranflated  hither,  and  had  the temporalities  reftored  to  him,  April  8,  1426. ( X )  Tone,  p.237. (y)  Ex  regijlro  in  camtra fttfra  font.  Ufac.  Vide  Append. 5  U  This 44* The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. This  John  Kempe  was  doctor  of  laws,  dean  of  the  arches,  and  vicar  general,  and  at  the fame  time  archdeacon  of  Durham.  He  was  afterwards,  anno  141 8,  confecrated  bifhop  of  Ra cbejlcr ,  from  thence  to  Cbichejler ,  anno  1422,  the  fame  year  was  tranflated  to  London  •,  and, as  before,  to  York.  He  came  afterwards  to  be  in  great  favour  at  Rome  ■,  being  made  cardi¬ nal  -prieft  by  the  title  of  St.  Balbine  anno  1439  (z).  And  anno  1450,  he  was  made  lord  high chancellor  of  England  (a). (b)  John  Leland  writes,  that  this  Kempe  was  a  poor  hufbandman’s  fon  of  Wye  in  Ken! ; whereupon  for  to  pray  for  the  fouls  of  thole  who  put  him  to  fchool,  and  thofe"  that  other- ways  preferred  him,  he  converted  the  pariih  church  of  Wye  into  a  college,  in  the  twenty- third  year  of  his  archbilhoprick  of  York.  In  this  he  placed  fecular  priefts,  to  attend  divine iervice,  and  teach  the  youth  of  the  pariih  i  the  governour  thereof  was  to  be  a  preben¬ dary. There  are  feveral  fetters,  papers,  &e.  in  the  Foedera ,  relating  to  the  State  Negotiations this  prelate  was  concerned  in,  which  the  compafs  of  my  defign  will  not  fuffer  me  to  fearch into.  There  is  particularly  one  which  conftitutes  him  embafiador  to  the  general  council then  held  at  Bafil,  anno  1432,  and  feveral  years  after  (c). After  he  had  continued  at  York  almolt  twenty  eight  years,  and  in  a  very  old  age,  he was  tranflated  to  Canterbury ,  by  the  bull  of  pope  Nicholas  V  •,  which  alfo  conftituted  him a  lecond  time  cardinal,  by  the  title  of  cardinal-bifhop  ot  St.  Ruffine.  All  thefe  preferments are  briefly  exprefled  in  this  verfe (d)  Bis  primas,  ter  praeful,  erat  bis  cardine  functus. Whild  John  Kempe  remained  archbilhop  of  York ,  and  in  the  year  1444,  in  a  provincial iynod  then  held  in  his  metropolical  church,  he  conftituted  feveral  decrees,  which  were  af¬ terwards  regiftred  by  archbilhop  George  Nevile  at  the  end  of  his  own  conftitutions,  in  the year  1466.  The  preamble  which  Nevile  gives  to  them  is  this : “  Upon  examining  the  regiftries  of  John  late  prieft  cardinal  of  the  church  of  Rome,  by the  title  ol  St.  Balbine,  and  our  predecelfor  of  worthy  memory,  we  remember  that  the underwritten  conftitutions,  were  duly  and  lawfully  made  by  him,  yet  not  inferted  or  in¬ corporated  into  the  book  of  ftatutes.  We  will  therefore  that  they  be  publifhed,  and  in¬ corporated  amongft  the  other  conftitutions,  and  firmly  obferved  by  all  the  fubjedts  of  our “  province  (e). He  continued  not  at  Canterbury  above  a  year  and  a  half  before  he  died,  and  was  buried in  a  handfome  monument,  on  the  fouth-fide  of  the  prefbytery  in  that  cathedral  (f).  We have  no  memorial  of  him  in  this  fee  of  York  but  what  he  left  himfelf,  which  is  thegate-houle to  the  palace  of  Cawood ,  yet  Handing  ;  adorned,  both  infide  and  out,  with  his  arms  and enfigns  of  a  cardinal.  There  are  likewife  feveral  fuch  teftimonials  in  the  wood-work  of this  now  defolate  palace,  which  denotes  that  this  prelate  built  and  repaired  much  of  it. And  left  time  fhould  utterly  deface,  even,  the  ruins  of  this  pnce  magnificent  ftru&ure,  I chufe  here  to  fubjoin  the  following  draughts  of  it ;  as  it  appears  at  this  day.  The gate-houfe  of  which  is  another  monument  facred  to  the  memory  of  cardinal  Kempe  •,  whofe effects  in  this  diocefe  I  find  were  fequeftred,  after  his  death,  to  c^rry  on  the  work  of  re¬ pairing  this  palace  (g). (z.)  Goodwin.  Spell.  GlofT,  I^fe,  and  for  the  oriental  tongues.  Talenfs  tables. (it)  Dugd.  Chan.  (*/)  Leland's  Itin. (b)  Leland's,  Itin.  vol.  VI.  N.B.  His  arms  bear  fome  (c)  See  yohnfon,  fub.  anno  1 444. allufion  to  his  parentage.  Vide  Mon.  Ang.  p.  19 1 .  (f)  Vide  M.  Parker  in  vita  lvcmpe,  cd.  Drake. (c)  Tom.X.  p.525,  This  council  at  Bafil  was  (g)  Deputatio  admmijlmtor  honor ht»,  quae  fuerant  Joh. held  in  fifty  four  articles  again  ft  pope  Eugeni  us ;  depofes  Kempe  nuper  arebiep.  infra  dioc.  Kbor.  fiqir.;/.  ad  repar.i- fiim,  and  chufes  Felix  V.  Declares  a  general  council  to  be  tionemnovi  operis  in  Palatio  de  tCaHlJt:.  *  Reg.  W.  Bothe above  the  pope;  the  virgin's  conception  to  be  immacu-  archiep.  p.171.  Aug.  2,  1454. W I L  T,  T  A.  M 444 Book  II. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES William  Bo  the,  fifty  firjl  archbiffoop. a.  «452.  The  perfon  that  fucceeded,  upon  Kempe's  removal,  was  William  Bothe ,  bifhop  of  Litch¬ field  and  Coventry,  who  by  bull  of  pope  Nicholas  V.  was  tranflated  hither.  On  the  14th  of September ,  1452,  he  received  the  pall  by  the  hands  of  Thomas  bifhop  of  London  in  hislord- fhip’s  chapel  at  Fulham.  And  on  the  26th  of  the  fame  month,  the  bull  was  publifhed  and openly  declared  in  the  metropolitical  church  of  York.  Where  September  4,  the  next  year, he  was  folemnly  inthronized  by  the  treafurer  of  the  church  in  the  dean’s  abfence  ;  and  had the  temporalities  reftored  October  26.  following^. William  was  firft  a  ftudent  of  the  common  law  at  Gray's  inn ,  but,  fuddenly,  forfaking that  courfe,  he  became  chancellor  of  the  cathedral  church  of  St.  Paul  in  London ,  Anno  1457, he  was  conflicted  biflnop  of  Coventry ,  and  five  years  after  tranflated  to  York. This  prelate  fat  about  twelve  years,  and  dying  at  Southwell  September  12,  1464,  was interred  in  St.  John  Baptijl's  chapel,  on  the  fouth  fide  of  that  church ;  where  his  tomb, being  only  a  plain  altar  flone,  flill  remains. William  Bothe ,  by  divine  providence,  archbifhop  of  York,  primate  of  England,  and  le¬ gate  of  the  apoftolick  fee,  made  his  will,  dat.  apud  Southwell ,  Augufi  6,  1464,  proved November  24.  following.  Whereby  he  commended  his  foul  to  God  almighty,  his  body  to be  buried  as  above  ;  and,  amongfl  feveral  rich  legacies  to  his  relations,  he  bequeathed  to his  fpoufe  the  cathedral  church  of  York,  one  miter  with  a  pafloral  flaff  (h). He  is  faid  to  have  bellowed  much  coft  in  repairing  his  palaces  of  Southwell  and York. George  Nevile,  fifty  fecond  archbifhop. Richard  Nevill ,  the  great  earl  of  Warwick ,  that  fetter  up  and  puller  down  of  kings, called  by  our  hiftorians  make  king ,  took  care  to  raife  his  brother  George,  by  fwift  degrees, to  high  places  and  preferments.  He  was  firft  a  ftudent  in  Baliol  college  in  Oxford,  and for  fome  time  was  chancellor  of  that  univerfity.  In  the  year  1446,  he  was  collated  to  the prebend  of  Maffam,  in  the  cathedral  church  of  York-,  and  anno  1454,  he  was  alfo  collated to  the  prebend  of  Thorpe  in  the  church  of  Ripon ,  and  was  mailer  of  St.  Leonard's  hofpi- tal  in  York ,  1458.  But  in  the  year  1459,  by  the  earl’s  means  when  not  fully  twenty  years of  age  (i),  he  was  by  the  pope’s  provifion  nominated  to  the  bifhoprick  of  Exeter  ;  and the  year  following  made  lord  high  chancellor  of  England  •,  which  office  he  held  eight years. Anno  1464,  this  prelate  was  tranflated  from  Exeter  to  York-,  the  bull  of  whofe  tranflation was  publifhed  in  our  cathedral  June  4,  in  the  year  following.  June  17,  he  had  the  tempo¬ ralities  reftored  to  him  ;  and  on  the  6th  of  September,  the  fame  year,  his  pall  was  delivered to  him  in  Cawood  caftle,  by  the  hands  of  John  bifhop  of  Lincoln,  the  pope’s  efpecial  com- miflioner  for  inverting  him  ;  all  which  was  done  in  the  prefence  of  his  brothers,  Richard earl  of  Warwick ,  and  John  earl  of  Northumberland  (k). On  the  feaft  of  St.  Maurice,  January  15,  anno  1466,  he  was  inthronized,  in  perfon,  in his  archiepifcopal  feat.  And  the  fame  day  had  his  installation  feaft  ;  the  greateft  enter¬ tainment  that  ever  fubjedt  made  •,  whether  we  refpecl  the  quantity  of  provifions,  or  the number  and  quality  of  the  guefts.  Infomuch  that  the  Spanijh  ambafiador’s  remark,  which he  is  faid  to  have  made  on  taking  a  view  of  the  markets  and  people  in  London ,  may  well be  applied  to  this  entertainment,  In  fhort,  the  bill  of  fare  is  incredible;  for  fince  the  feaft was  in  winter,  elle  four  thoufand  woodcocks  would  have  been  rarities  indeed,  how  to  recon¬ cile  them  with  the  fummer  birds,  which  were  alfo  prefentat  this  feaft;  and  bucks  and  does which  are  feldom  infeafon  together  in  our  days,  I  fha.ll  not  determine.  An  account  of  all  this monftrous  quantity  of  edibles  which  was  taken  care  ftiould  not  flick  in  their  throats  for want  of  drink,  with  the  order  of  each  fervice,  and  the  placing  of  the  guefts  is  given  by Goodwin.  But  that  induftrious  antiquary  Mr.  Hearn,  from  an  old  paper  roll  he  met  with, is  much  more  exadl  in  the  defcription  of  this  entertainment,  ifc.  printed  in  his  additions, to  Leland's  colleSlanea.  It  was  fince  copied  from  him  and  publifhed  in  the  two  volumes  of Stevens's  monajlicon  ;  for  all  which  reafons  I  have  no  further  occafion  to  take  notice  of  it. The  whole  time  this  archbifhop  fat  in  this  chair  it  was  little  leis  to  him  than  a  feries  of  trou¬ bles.  The  earl  of  Warwick's  defertion  from  the  intereft  of  the  houfe  of  York,  made  king  Ed¬ ward  look  on  the  whole  family  of  them  with  a  jealous  eye.  And  though  the  earl  could  never get  the  archbifhop,  nor  his  brother  the  marquifs,  to  join  heartily  with  him  in  his  averfion  to Edward,  yet  it  was  reafon  enough  for  the  king  to  fufpedl  them.  The  earl  of  Warwick's (g)  Trim.  pa(.  31.  Hen.  VI.  m.  11. (h)  Ex  MS  Tone,  p.  467.  Sec  the  invenrary  where thcfe  gifts  are  defcribed. (i)  Mr.  Torre  has  proved  that  upon  the  then  arch- bifhop’s  collation  this  George  N trill  clerk,  as  he  is  rhere called,  fon  to  the  mod  noble  and  potent  lord  Rich,  earl of  Scrum  was  admitted  to  this  prebend  of  Maffam March  9,  1446.  If  fo,  and  that  he  was  under  twenty years  of  age  when  he  became  biihop  of  Exeter,  which is  alfo  attefted  by  feveral;  he  was  a  prebendary  at  fc- ven  or  eight  years  old.  MS  Torre  p.  1135. (t)  The  marquifs  ot  Montxcute  was  made  fo  by  king Edwa-dlV,  but  not  confirmed. affairs 44J Chap. I.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK. affairs  profpering  beyond  expectation,  he  had  the  good  fortune  to  fur  prize  Edward ,  un¬ awares,  at  Oundle  in  Nortbampton/hire ,  and  took  him  prifoner  (l).  The  earl  committed  the cuftody  of  this  valuable  prize  to  his  brother  the  archbifhop,  who  had  him  conveyed  to  a caftle,  then  belonging  to  their  family,  at  Midleham  in  this  county.  But  here  infteadof  the ufage  and  ftrift  reftraint  the  king  might  have  expelled  from  the  brother  of  his,  now, mortal  enemy,  he  met  wich  all  the  courtefie  imaginable.  His  kind  keeper  fuffering  him to  walk  abroad,  and  even  to  hunt  at  his  pleafure,  with  what  number  he  pleafed  to  attend him.  Edward  eafily  found  means  to  break  through  lb  flight  a  durance,  and  efcaped  to London  \  where  he  foon  after  had  the  fortune  in  his  turn  to  furprize  king  Henry  and  our archbifhop  in  his  palace  at  London ,  and  fent  them  both  prifoners  to  the  Tower.  The  lat¬ ter  had  a  pardon  granted  him,  and  was  fet  at  liberty  foon  after  j  but  the  king  was  fo  ma¬ terial  a  prifoner  that  nothing  but  death  could  releafe  him. After  this  our  prelate  being,  as  he  thought,  in  good  favour  with  Edward ,  though  his two  brothers  were  both  (lain  at  the  battle  ol  Barnet  in  direft  oppofition  to  him,  he  took  an occafion  whilft  he  was  hunting  with  the  king,  on  a  time,  to  mention  an  extraordinary  kind of  game  he  had  about  a  feat  of  his  called  Moor-park ,  which  he  had  juft  built  in  Hartford - Jhire(m).  He  invited  the  king  to  come  to  his  houfe  and  partake  of  the  diverfion,  which Edward ,  who  long  had  watched  an  opportunity  to  enfnare  the  prelate,  and  get  rid  of  this  laft Item  of  a  now  detefted  family,  readily  confented  to,  and  promifed  to  come  at  fuch  a  day. The  archbifhop  upon  this  haftened  home  to  make  fuitable  provifion  for  luch  a  gueft,  and omitted  nothing  that  might  do  the  king  honour  in  his  preparations.  Skillful  in  fumptu- ous  entertainments,  he  made  his  provifion  accordingly,  and  to  grace  it  with  proper  deco¬ rations  fent  for  all  the  plate  he  had  in  the  world  ;  moft  of  which  he  had  hid  at  the  timeol Tewfkbury  and  Barnet  fields,  and  borrowed  alfo  much  of  his  friends.  The  deer  which  the king  hunted  being  thus  brought  into  the  toyls;  the  day  before  the  appointed  time  he  fent for  the  archbifhop,  commanding  him,  all  manner  excufes  fet  apart,  to  come  immediately to  him  at  Windfor.  At  his  coming,  he  was  prefently  arrefted  of  high  treafon  •,  all  his  plate money,  furniture,  and  other  moveable  goods,  to  the  value  of  twenty  thoufand  pound,  con- fifeated  to  the  king’s  ufe ;  and  himfelf  firft  fent  prifoner  to  Calais ,  and  after  to  the  caftle of  Guifttes.  Amongft  other  things  taken  from  him  he  had  a  mitre  of  very  great  value  fet with  many  jewels  and  pretious  ftones  ■,  which  the  king  thought  fit  break  to  pieces  and  make a  crown  thereof  for  himfelf. This  calamity  happened  to  our  prelate  in  the  year  1472  •,  and  though  by  intercefijpn and  the  earneft  intreaty  of  his  friends,  he  with  much  a-do  obtained  his  liberty,  after  he had  been  four  years  a  prifoner,  he  enjoyed  it  but  a  little  while.  For  coming  from  Calais  he arrived  in  the  Downs  December  19,  1416,  and  went  from  thence  to  his  fee.  But  with  an- ouifh  of  heart  to  think  of  l»is  former  condition,  compared  to  the  prefent,  having  notwith- ltanding  his  liberty  little  left  to  fupport  himfelf  on,  the  king  having  received  the  profits  of his  temporalities  during  his  confinement,  he  died  at  Blithlaw ,  as  he  was  coming  from  York, June  8,  1476,  and  was  buried  in  his  own  cathedral.  He  died  inteftate,  and  adminiftration of  his  goods  was  granted,  fays  Mr.  Lorre ,  Augufi  26,  1476,  to  John  Horbiry  and  Richard Wartyr  clerks  (n). The  meannefs  of  circumftances  this  unfortunate  prelate  was  in  at  his  death,  or  the  fear  of difobliging  the  king  by  it,  is  the  reafon,  I  prefume,  that  no  tomb,  or  fo  much  as  a  grave- ftone,  was  ever  laid  over  him.  But  about  five  years  ago  in  digging  the  foundation  for  filling up  the  arch  in  the  dean’s  veftry,  a  grave  was  difeovered,  where  a  body  had  been  laid  in a  habit  •,  a  filver  chalice  gilt  was  cn  its  right  fide,  and  a  pontifical  ring,  which  I  have feen,  was  faid  to  be  found  in  the  fame  grave.  If  this  laft  circumftanCe  be  true,  thefe  pro¬ bably  might  be  the  remains  of  George  Nevill,  for  there  was  no  particular  ftone  to  mark  that there  was  a  grave  of  that  confequence  in  the  place.  The  chalice  is  now  in  the  veftry  *,  and the  ring,  at  prefent,  in  the  pofielfion  of  Mr.  Smith  in  Grape-lane.  But  Leland  mentions archbifhop  Nevill  and  Rotheram  to  lie  together  in  the  north  fide  of  our  lady’s  chapel  in the  choir ,  lo  that  the  matter  is  very  difputable,  as  the  reader  will  find  in  the  fequel. This  George  Nevil  archbifhop  held  a  provincial  fynod  in  his  metropolitical  church  at York,  on  the  26th  day  of  April,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1466.  In  which  fome  new  con- ftitutions  were  made,  and  feveral  old  ones  eftablifhed.  The  preamble  runs  thus,  “  George “  by  divine  permiffion  archbifhop  of  York,  primate  of  England  and  legate  of  the  apoftolick “  fee,  to  all  and  fingular  abbots,  priors,  minifters,  rectors,  vicars,  and  other  prelates  of “  the  churches,  and  to  all  clerks  and  laymen  of  our  diocefe  and  province  of  York ,  eternal “  health  in  the  Lord,  Thefe  ordinances  are  eleven  in  number  (befides  Kemps )  and are  dated  in  the  metropolitan  church  of  York  as  above  (0). Laurence  Bothe,  fifty  third  archbifhop. Lawrence  Bothe,  half  brother  to  William  Bothe,  bifhop  of  Durham ,  was  on  Nevill's  death tranfiated  to  this  fee.  September  8,  1476,  he  was  with  great  folemnity  inilalled  in  the  ca- (/;  Hollingfhead,  Store.  («)  Ex  MS  Torre p.  468. ( m )  The  feme.  00  See  Johnfon  fub  anno  1 466 . 5  X  thedral ..  1476. 446 A.  1480. the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. tliedr.il  of  York  ■,  the  patent  reltoring  the  temporalities  to  him  bears  date  October  S  fol lowing  (p).  ‘  1U1 'V1'  Pre^rmfnt,S  I*1',?  ■rrlaJ?  had  Pne  thr0l'gh  before  he  reached  this  dignity,  was hrit  mailer  of  Pembroke-bull  in  Cambridge,  and  reftor  of  Cottingham  in  that  county.  He was  after  made  dean  of  St.  Paul's  London ;  archdeacon  of  Richmond  and  Stow,  and  was  be- hdes  prebendary  of  dork,  London  and  Litchfield.  He  was  conftituted  bifhop  of  Durham September  15,  1457,  and  near  twenty  years  after  was  tranflated  to  York  Two  years  be’ fore  tins  he  had  been  made  lord  high  chancellor  of  England,  but  held  not  that  office  above twelve  months  (r). This  prelate  proved  a  good  benefaftor  to  his  fee,  even  in  the  fhort  time  he  enjoyed  it  1 lor  he  pure  ha  led  the  manor  of  Balterfea ,  com.  Surry,  of  one  Nicholas  Stanley  ;  and^  after building  an  houfe  upon  it,  fettled  it  upon  the  church  of  York.  Appointing  his  lucceflbrs “  PeZ^P^As  2,",°  nh;,nt7  pnefts.  “  celebrate  for  his  and  brother’s  fouls  in  the  church ford  (s)’We  '  Whlch  ftlP™ds’  Pays  Mr-  friU'h  tire  now  given  to  the  free  fchool  at  GuiU (t)  This  Lawrence  Bothe,  by  divine  providence  archbilhop  of  York,  primate  of  England and  legate  of  the  apoftohek  lee,  made  his  will  dated  September  28,  1479,  and  proved’ neIIDI+/S°’cWhere'„n,  he  commended  his  foul  to  God  almighty,  St.  Mary,  St  Peter and  St  .Paul  the  apolUes,  St.  William,  St  .John,  St.  Wilfrid,  Jd  all  faints'.  And  an-’ pointed  his  body  to  be  buried  in  St.  John  Baptift  chapel  in  the  collegiate  church  of  Soutb- well  on  the _foutn  fide  of  the  wall.  On  Friday  May  19,  1480,  he  died  at  Southwell,  af- ther  'ad  Jt  1Cle  threC  yearS  and  nlne  months’  and  WJS  thcre  interred  befide  his  bro- Thomas  Scot,  alias  de  Rot  her  am,  fifty  fourth  archbijhop. rn  ri  n  B°‘t t"’S  dcr th ?ho,ms  Sco‘i  b?rn  at  Rolheram  in  this  county,  from  whence,  according to  the  cuftom  of  religious  perfons  m  that  age,  he  chofe  his  filename,  was,  by  bull  of  pop? Dee  ’  bfa1',lngdate  at  PT’S  lU‘y  7’  *480,  and  publiffied  in  the  cathedral  church December  12.  following,  tranflated  to  this  fee.  The  king’s  patent  reltoring  the  tempera- lines  bears  date  September  9,  1480  («).  °  ^ .  H<:  fird:  t0?k  fu.ch  education  as  the  country  where  he  was  born,  afforded  him  ;  and  be¬ ing  ripe  for  the  umverfity  he  was  fent  by  his  friends  to  Cambridge.  Here  he  was  chofen ktrilf rv°  |fgC’  afterwards  mailer  of  Pembroke-hall  ,  and,  being  chaplain  to 4  ,1.^’  he  fwas  ™de  prebendary  of  Sarum  and  Beverley,  and  keeper  of  the  pri- TJ  * ’  bini0rp  ^  Rochefier,  anno  1467,  from  thence  he  was  removed  to  Lincoln,  anno removed  m  2™®  "mC  ^  ^  “lf°  lord  chancellor  of  England,  he  was A  W  y1:  was  mnde  chancellor  anno  1475,  in  which  office  he  continued  all  king  Edward’s days ;  but  upon  his  death  was  committed  to  the  Tower,  by  the  protedlor,  for  delivering effilodv  nff  Sir  7  the  TY  r  Inr  thlS  ?'aCe  °Ur  prelatc  was  kePt  cIofe  prifoner  under  the cuaody  of  Sir  James  Tyrrell or  fome  time  1  till,  upon  the  death  of  Richard's  queen,  he  was J/i  fl  n  IirH°rder  “?  Pcrlw?d,e  thc  4ueen  dowager  to  give  confent  that  her  daughter  Eliza- mahr7  jCr  uncle  to-  In. all  probability  this  match  would  have  taken  place  if Rtcha; rd  s  death  had  not  prevented  it;  but,  whether  the  dowager  was  perfwaded  bv  our 5  ftTrefufed!rifu’nc°emin.  ^  miSht  ftare  tha  **  with  her  Tons, 0f  TtSb'^efa?i0nS  than  a/e  afcribed-  “  this  Prelate  are’  that  whan  he  was  bilhop ,L-~  '  ’  ke  bellowed  a  round  fum  in  building  the  gate  of  the  fchools  at  Cambridge ea  ft  rf  rh  r  h6  7?  *  “YlfV  ’T°f’  ereftinS  the  librai7  which  Is,  or  was,  on  fhc chancellor^  wkh Jhm  A'l  thin  was  done  at  hia  own  charge,  fays  Goodwin,  whilfl  he  was chancellor  with  fome  final!  contribution  from  the  univerfity.  The  work  was  begun  in 1470,  and  finilhed  in  fix  years  (z).  3  Degun  in After  he  was  tranflated  to  r0,i/ he  founded  a  college  at  Rolheram,  the  place  of  his  na- fthoolmafter^-  "ollY  ^  *7  aProvoft’  five  PrieftS  fix  chorilters  and  three krhoolmalters  ,  one  for  grammar,  one  for  flinging,  and  the  lall  for  writing.  This  college was  valued,  at  the  fuppreffion,  at  the  yearly  rent  of  fifty  eight  pound  five  fhillincrs  and hln»?n/CCTa  f:Pen?y  e Sl“d'  He  finilhed  Lincoln  college  in  Oxford,  left  very  imperfefl by  Robert  Fleming  the i  firil  founder;  and  added  five  fellowships  to  it.  In  feverd  of "he Pa- laces  belonging  to  the  fee  of  York  he  built  much.  At  Whitehall  he  «eled  the  grSt And  at  'mih!°thll‘ll\ the  pantT  bakehoufe,  and  new  chambers  adjoining  to  the  river was  then^lkd  T  i  bakehoufe  and  chambers  on  thc  northfide  Towards,  what w  h  f  ver^  ot’hefv-tfif  ^  ,He  C°  the  Church  of  M  a  wonderful>  ^ch  ’mitre, th  leveral  other  valuable  jewels  and  ornaments,  as  the  inventary  certifies.  He  is  laid (/>)  Goodwin.  Foed.  Ang.  tom.  XII  p  u  j 16  Ed.  IV.  m.  ,7. (q)  Goodwin,  Torre,  p.  468. (r)  Dugd.  chan. (s)  Willis  on  cathedral  churches. (0  Ex  Mi>  Torre,  />.  46S.  ex  officio  frerog.  Ebor. (*)  Foed.  Ang.  tom.  XII.  p.  136.  Goodwin,  Torre, e?^-  1 . pat.  20  Ed.  IV.  m.  3. (at)  Spelm.  gloir.  Dugd.  chan. (y)  Polidor.  Virgil. (to)  Goodwin  de  praeful. («)  Stowe's  chron to Chap.  I.  of  the  CHURCH  «/YORK. to  have  been  very  follicitous  in  advancing  thoie  who  either  for  good  fervice  or  kindred could  lay  claim  to  his  favours.  Some  by  marriage,  others  by  offices,  temporal  livings,  or fpiritual  endowments  (b). (c)  On  thefeaftof  St.  John's  tranflation,  viz.  Augufl  6,  1498,  this  Thomas  Rotheram, arclibilhop  oi  Tank,  by  his  own  decree  and  his  clergy’s  afient,  made  his  will,  proved  No¬ vember  1502,  whereby  he  commended  his  foul  to  almighty  God,  his  creator  and  redeemer, to  St.  Mary.,  St.  Michael ,  St.  Gabriel,  and  divers  of  the  apoftles  and  faints;  giving  his body  to  be  interred  in  the  north  arch,  or  arm,  in  the  chapel  of  St.  Mary  in  his  church  of York  where  he  himfelf  had  erefted  a  tomb.  And  having  been  born  at  Rotheram,  and  bap- tized  in  that  church,  he  willed  the  foundation  of  a  college  there,  and  fettled  lands  and  re¬ venues  upon  it  very  largely.  Befides  he  gave  to  fir  Thomas  Rotheram,  and  his  brother’s eldeft  fon,  the  manors  of  Somerajfe,  Luton,  Houghton,  Fenells,  Dabington,  Afpley  zndSlopefey, in  the  counties  of  Bedford,  Hartford  and  Bucks. He  died  of  the  plague  at  Cawood,  May  29,  1500  ;  in  the  feventy  fixth  year  of  his  age  ; having  governed  this  fee  nineteen  years,  nine  months  and  fome  odd  days.  He  was  interred in  the  cathedral,  on  the  north  fide  the  lady’s  chapel,  according  to  his  will ;  where  his tomb  is  Hill  Handing,  as  reprefented  in  the  plate;  but  robbed  of  the  infcription,  decora¬ tions  in  brafs,  and  other  injignia.  On  removing  the  pavement  this  lalt  year  a  vault  was difcovered  to  run  under  this  tomb,  it  was  eafily  got  to,  in  which  the  bones  were  laid, but  nothing  remarkable  about  them,  fave  that  a  wooden  head  was  found  in  it,  exaftly  re- fembling  a  barber’s  block,  and  had  a  ftick  thruft  into  the  neck  to  carry  it  on.  This  head is  a  piece  of  extraordinary  fculpture  for  that  age,  but  whether  it  be  a  reprefentation  of his  own,  or  that  of  fome  titular  faint  I  cannot  determine.  It  feems  molt  probable  that  ic was  a  refemblance  of  his  own,  for  dying  of  the  plague,  his  body  being  buried  immediately, an  image,  was  fubftituted  inftead  of  it,  for  a  more  folemn  and  grand  interment,  of  which this  ferved  for  the  head.  A  reprefentation  of  it  may  be  leen  in  the  print  of  the  furniture of  the  veftry. 1  '/ re/ /■ai/uyi  ddrc/ie  rii . 447 448 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES Book  II. A.  1388. Thomas  Savage,  fifty  fifth  archbi/hop. The  next  prelate  was  Thomas  Savage,  of  a  knightly  family,  as  Goodwin  relates  from  in¬ formation.  He  was  doctor  of  laws  in  Cambridge ,  though  of  a  moderate  character  for  learn¬ ing;  his  genius  leading  more  to  a  court  life.  Notwithftanding  the  deficiency  in  that  point, he  was  by  Henry  VII,  a  prince  well  read  in  mankind,  firft  made  bifhop  of  Rochcfler,  then of  London ,  and  laflly  tranflated  to  York.  The  bull  of  his  tranflation  being  publilhed  in a  folemn  manner  February  12,  anno  1501. Goodwin  writes  that  this  prelate  was  not  elected  to  the  fee  of  York ,  after  the  antient  cu- ftom  ;  but  nominated  by  the  king,  and  confirmed  by  the  pope.  As  he  was  fingular  in  this inftance  fo  he  was  in  another  ;  for  he  was  not  inftalled  in  perfon,  but  ftole  it  in  a  fecret manner  by  a  deputy.  By  which  means  he  broke  the  antient  cuftom  ol  making  a  fump- tuous  feaft  at  his  inftallation ;  which  had  hitherto  been  always  pra&ifed  by  his  predc- celTors. Our  prelate  is  laid  to  have  been  too  much  employed  in  temporal  affairs,  when  at  court, and  in  the  country  in  hunting,  a  diverfion  he  was  pafiionatelv  fond  ot,  to  m;nd  the  bu- finels  of  his  fee.  He  affedted  much  grandeur,  having,  according  to  old  Stowe ,  rrany yeomen  for  his  guard.  However  he  laid  out  much  on  his  palaces  of  Cawood  and  ocroo  y, which,  it  feems,  were  his  peculiar  hunting  feats. Having  been  feven  years  in  this  archbifhoprick,  he  died  at  Cawood  September  anno 1507,  and  was  buried  in  our  cathedral,  where  an  handfome  monument  is  lull  over  him  ; in  the  top  of  which  was  a  wooden  clofet,  fora  chantry,  eretted  ;  and  on  the  ltone  work above  is  inferibed  SDocto?  £>abagc  ^  3lon!?sn  ^  >T  Itocbcftcr  £Ef)omasSI)albi?, the  name  of  an  archdeacon  of  Richmond ,  who  lies  near  him,  formerly  the  archbiihop  s chaplain,  who  took  care  to  eredt  this  monument  to  his  memory.  Goodwin  l ays,  that  lie ordered  his  heart  to  be  taken  out  of  him  and  buried  at  Macclesfield ,  in  Chefijire ,  wheie  he was  born  ;  and  intended  to  have  founded  a  college,  after  the  manner  that  his  predecellor, had  done  at  Rotheram. Christopher  Baynbridge,  fifty  fix th  archbifb op. To  him  fucceeded  in  this  fee  Chrijtopber  Bainlridge,  born,  of  an  antient  family, at  Hib ton  (d),  near  Apleby  in  mfttnorhnd.  He  was  brought  up  at  9g<een  s  college  Oxford,  com¬ menced  doctor  of  both  laws  in  that  umverfity  s  was  afterwards  matter  of  the  Rolls,  then made  dean  of  York ;  on  November  15,  1505,  he  was  conftituted  lord  chancellor  ol  England, (d)  Wood's  A  then.  0  xon. and 349 Chap. I.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK. and  1507,  confecrated  bifhop  of  Durham  ;  from  whence  he  was  tranflated  to  York.  The bull  of  whofe  tranflation,  granted  by  pope  Julian  II,  bore  date  at  Rome,  12  kal.  Ocl.  anno 1508  •,  which  was  publilhed  before  the  chapter  and  a  great  appearance  of  clergy  and  peo¬ ple  in  the  cathedral  i  and  he  had  the  temporalities  reftored  December  12.  following  (0). After  he  was  inverted  with  this  laft  dignity,  in  the  next  year  he  was  fent  ambaflador,  or the  king’s  (f)  prodlor,  to  the  court  of  Rome,  by  Henry  VIII,  in  order  to  fettle  a  great  diffe¬ rence  betwixt  the  holy  father  and  Lewis  XII.  king  of  France.  Our  prelate  perfwaded  his king  to  take  the  pope’s  part  in  the  quarrel  for  which,  fays  (g)  Ciaconius ,  he  was  made a  cardinal  by  the  title  of  St.  Praxides.  Whether  he  ftaid  fo  long  at  Rome  or  made  a  fe- cond  journey  to  it  I  know  not,  but  it  is  certain,  that  there  our  prelate  met  his  fate,  in  an  Ita¬ lian  drefs,  being  poifoned  by  one  Rinaldo  de  Modena ,  a  prieft,  whom  he  had  made  his fteward.  *  It  feems  this  Italian  was  difgufted  at  his  mafter  for  giving  him  a  blow,  for  which he  played  him  that  dogtrick,  as  the  murderer  himfelf  confeffed,  according  to  Paulus  Jo- vius,  at  his  execution.  But  Ciaconius  writes,  that  our  prelate  was  a  man  of  moft  infolent and  violent  pafiions  ;  of  great  fournefs  of  temper,  both  to  his  domefticks  and  others.  And amongft  thofe  that  he  had  beat  and  abufed,  it  happened  this  Modenefe  his  fervant  was  one, who  refented  it  fo  high  as  to  poifon  his  mafter.  For  which,  being  put  into  prifon,  to avoid  a  more  lhameful  death,  he  took  a  dofe  of  poifon  himfelf.  His  body  was  afterwards, adds  he,  cut  in  two,  and  placed  upon  the  city  gates. The  archbifhop  was  buried  in  the  hofpital  of  St.  Thomas  the  martyr ,  in  Rome ,  in  the  fe- cond  year  of  pope  LeoX,  with  this  epitaph, Chriftophoro  archiepifcopo  Eboracenfi  S.  Praxidis  prejhytero  cardinali  Angliae,  a  Julio  II, pontifice  maxima  ob  egregiam  operam  S.  R.  ecclefiae  praejlitam ,  dumfui  regni  legatus  ejfet ,  aft fumpto,  quam  mox  dorni ,  etforis,  cajlris  pontificiis  praejettus ,  tutatus  eft. Obiit  priaie  idus  Junii  m  dxiv. Thomas  Wolsey,  fifty  feventh  archbiJJjop. The  death  of  the  laft  prelate  made  way  for  Thomas  Wolfey  to  afcend  yet  higher  than  he  A.  1514. had  got,  and  to  be  preferred  to  this  fee.  The  life  and  death  of  this  famous  cardinal  has been  treated  on  by  all  our  hiftorians  of,  and  fince,  his  time-,  but  moft  copioufly  and  am¬ ply  by  the  reverend  Dr.  Fiddes ,  in  a  particular  treatife  on  that  great  fubjedt.  Here  his original,  rife,  progrefs,  exaltation  and  fill  are  fet  down  in  fo  large  and  juft  a  manner,  that I  fhall  have  little  to  do  but  run  curforily  through  the  feries  of  his  wonderful  life  j  that  he may  not  be  wholly  negledled  in  this  catalogue. Firft  then,  he  is  faid  to  have  been  the  fon  of  a  poor  man,  a  butcher,  at  Ipfwich  ;  from thence  being  fent  very  young  to  the  univerfity  of  Oxford ,  he  was  fettled  in  Magdalene  col¬ lege  ;  proceeded  mafter  of  arts  at  fifteen  years  of  age  (b),  and  at  that  time  was  pre¬ ferred  to  be  mafter  of  the  grammar  fchool  adjoining  to  that  college.  By  the  marquifs  of Dorfet ,  to  whofe  fon  he  was  tutor,  he  was  removed  to  a  benefice  in  Sonterfetjhire  called  Li* mington  (i).  At  this  place  it  was,  that  fir  Amias  Pawlet  knight,  a  gentleman  in  his  neigh¬ bourhood,  did  him  fome  difgrace,  undefervedly  as  it  is  laid,  but  if  we  may  give  credit  to fir  John  Harrington ,  an  anteprelatical  writer,  whom  I  lhall  have  often  occafion  to  quote  in the  fequel,  it  was  becaufe  that  Wolfey  being  concerned  in  a  drunken  fray,  the  knight  fet him  in  the  ftocks  (£).  Let  this  affront  be  what  it  would,  Wolfey  never  forgave  it ;  for  when he  was  lord  chancellor,  and  fir  Amias  having  a  fuit  to  come  before  him,  he  made  the  knight dance  attendance  feven  years  ’ere  the  caufe  was  fuffered  to  pafs  through  his  hands.  The marquifs  of  Dorfet  dying,  Wolfey  faw  himfelf  out  of  all  likelihood  of  further  preferment that  way  ;  and  being  made  uneafy  in  his  benefice,  by  that  knight,  he  determined  to  for- fake  it,  and  boldly  venture  into  the  world  to  try  his  fortune.  Soon  after,  it  was  his  luck to  meet  with  an  old  knight,  one  fir  John  Naphent  *  who  had  been  long  a  courtier,  and was  then  fettled  in  an  office  of  importance  at  Calais.  Wolfey  was  his  chaplain,  but  grow¬ ing  weary  of  it,  his  boundlefs  fpirit  not  brooking  fo  narrow  a  confinement,  he  begged  leave to  refign  ;  which  his  patron  not  only  confented  to,  but,  mindful  of  Wolfe fs  fervices,  whilft with  him,  he  got  him  preferred  to  be  one  of  the  king’s  chaplains. On  this  ftage  it  was  that  Wolfey* s  great  genius  had  room  to  exert  itfelf;  he  foon  infinu- ated  himfelf  into  the  good  graces  of  Fox  bifhop  of  Winchefter ,  at  that  time  chief  councel- lor  to  Henry  VII.  By  this  prelate’s  means  our  chaplain  was  difpatched  on  fome  affairs  of great  moment  to  the  emperor  j  which  with  incredible  celerity  he  accompliffied,  and  was back  in  four  days,  at  court  again,  having  ordered  every  thing  to  the  king’s  content.  From (<?)  Foed.  Ang.  tom.  XIII.  p.  235.  Torre  fays  he  was made  dean  of  York  December  18,  1503.  p.  566. (/)  Chart  a  de  arch.  Ebor.  procuratore  in  curia  Romana conflituto.  dat.  Scptem.  24,  1509.  F oed.  tom.  XIII. ?• (g)  Alfred.  Ciaconius  hijl.  pont.  Rom.  et  S.  R.  E. card. (hj  A  then.  Oxon.  Wood. (i)  F uit  reftor  ecclef.  de  Limington,  0£t.  4,  1500.  Reg. King  epife.  Bath  et  Wells. (k)  Sir  John  Harrington's  addrefs  to  prince  Henry  on this  prediction, Henry  the  eighth  pulled  down  monks,  and  their  cells ; Henry  the  ninth  fhall  pull  down  bifhops  and  their bells.  London  1653. 5  Y  this X 45° The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookII. this  time  being  looked  upon  by  that  wife  monarch  as  a  man  fit  for  bufinefs  and  difpatch, he  immediately  bellowed  upon  him  the  deanry  of  Lincoln-,  and,  foon  after,  made  him  his almoner. Henry  VIII.  coming  to  the  crown,  Wolfey  made  it  his  whole  bufinefs  to  gain  the  af¬ fections  of  the  young  king  ;  and  won  fo  far  upon  him  as  to  be  appointed  one  of  the  privy council.  Here  he  had  an  opportunity  to  dive  deeper  into  that  monarch’s  inclinations,  which he  foon  found  were  not  fo  wholly  fet  upon  bufinefs,  but  that  pleafure  had  the  greateft ihare  in  his  heart.  He  complied  with  this  humour  of  the  king’s  as  much  as  pofiible-,  di¬ verting  him  from  the  toil  of  treaties  and  negotiations,  that  he  might  be  more  at  leifure  to mind  his  amours  and  gallantries.  By  this  he  gained  his  point  ;  for  the  king,  foon  finding that  he  could  do  nothing^  without  him,  took  Wolfey  along  with  him  to  lournay. ;  where the  bifhop  of  that  diocel'e  being  banifhed  for  fiding  with  the  French,  the  revenues  thereof were  bellowed  on  Wolfey.  Soon  after  this,  the  fee  of  Lincoln  fell  void,  which  was  given  to him  anno  1514  ;  and  immediately  after  he  was  preferred  to  York-,  the  bull  of  whofe  tranf- lation  bore  date  at  Rome,  October  1,  1514,  in  the  pontificate  of  Leo  X  •,  on  the  third  of December  following  it  was  publifhed  to  the  chapter,  clergy  and  people  of  York ,  and  the lame  day  he  was  inftalled,  by  proxy,  in.  the  cathedral. Being  now  in  the  lull  ftream  of  his  good  fortune,  he  procured  the  pope  to  conflitute  him his  legate,  a  latere  ;  and  Septetnber  7,  1515,  he  was  made  a  cardinal  by  the  title  of  St.  Ci- eilia  tram  Liber  mi.  The  next  year  he  got  the  archbifhop  of  Canterbury  dilplaced  from  being chancellor,  and  had  it  conferred  upon  himfelf.  Thus  great  he  Hill  grew  greater,  and  by exchanging  of  bifhopricks  when  he  had  all  at  his  devotion,  he  held,  befides  his  other  be¬ nefices  which  were  innumerable,  the  bifhoprick  of  Winchejler  and  the  abbey  of  St.  Albans in  commcndam. We  fee  our  prelate  now  like  a  meteor,  at  his  height  and  the  fullnefs  of  his  luflre;  which he  no  fooner  arrived  at  but  he  more  fuddenly  fell.  For  foon  after  his  acceptance  of  the rich  bifhoprick  of  Winchefter ,  the  king’s  favour  torfook  him.  He  was  firft  difeharged  from his  chancellorfhip,  then  had  all  his  goods  and  effeCls  feized  to  his  majefty’s  ufe  ;  and  him¬ felf  ready  to  be  attainted  in  parliament,  had  not  his  faithful  fervant  Thomas  Cromwell  flood the  fhock,  and  warded  off  the  blow.  When  that  fucceeded  not,  he  was  charged  with  ex- ercifmg  his  legatine  power  without  the  king’s  licence  •,  but  this  almofl  every  body  knew to  be  falfe  ;  however,  at  length  he  was  deprived  of  his  preferments,  and  lived,  for  about half  a  year  in  great  penury,  one  while  at  EJher ,  near  London ,  and  fometimes  at  Richmond , having  all  that  time  fcarce  a  cup  to  drink  in  ora  bed  to  lie  on,  but  what  was  lent  him by  others;  the  king  having  taken  all  his  goods  and  moveables  of,  almofl,  an  ineftimable value  to  his  own  ule.  Soon  after  this  he  was  fent  down  to  his  diocefe,  where  he  lived  at his  palace  of  Cawood ,  a  whole  fummer  and  fome  part  of  the  winter,  in  a  reafonable  good fort ;  but  as  he  was  preparing  for  a  publick  inftalhtion  at  York,  he  was  arrefled  of  high treafon  by  the  earl  of  Northumberland ;  who  had  orders  to  bring  him  up  to  London  to  his triiil.  In  the  road,  however,  he  llipped  from  all  his  enemies,,  dying  at  Leicefler ,  of  a  flux attended  with  a  continual  fever,  as  is  faid,  but  no  doubt  the  king’s  unkindnefs  was  the main  occafion  of  it.  After  eight  days  illnefs,  he  refigned  his  lafl  breath  in  the  abbey  of Lcicefer ,  November  29,  1530,  an<^  W:1S  buried  in  the  body  of  the  abbey  church  before  the choir  door.  This  prelate  never  was  at  York ,  though  he  came  fo  near  it  as  Cawood ;  which makes  good  a  prophecy  of  mother  Shipton ,  efleemed  an  old  witch  in  thofe  days,  who  fore¬ told,  he  fhould  fee  York ,  but  never  come  at  it.  I  fhould  not  have  mentioned  this  idle itory,  but  that  it  is  frefh  in  the  mouths  of  our  country  people  at  this  day;  but  whether it  was  a  real  prediction,  or  raifed  after  the  event,  I  fhall  not  take  upon  me  to  determine. It  is  more  than  probable,  like  all  the  reft  of  thefe-  kind  of  tales,  the  accident  gave  occa¬ fion  to  the  (lory. Thus  ended  the  life  of  this  great  man  ;  whofe'natural  endowments,  policies,  apothegms, and  learned  fpeeches,  port  and  grandeur,  buildings,  and  publick  benefactions  may  be found,  in  that  incomparable  piece  of  the  life  of  Henry  VIII,  by  the  lord  Herbert  of  Cher- bury  ;  Stowe's  annals;  Alpb.  Ciaconms  in  his  lives  of  the  cardinals.  Wood's  Athenae  Oxomcn- fes,  or  altogether  in  Dr.  Fiades's  hiftory  of  this  cardinal  ;  the  cleareft  and  liveliefl  performance in  biography  this  age  has  produced. After  all,  our  prelate  is  a  fad  example  to  the  prefent  and  future  ages,  how  uncertain  the dependance  is  on  a  monarch’s  favour.  The  words  he  fpoke  in  the  bitternefs  of  his  foul, in  his  lafl  agonies,  ought  to  be  infaribed  in  large  characters  in  every  apartment  of  a  chief  mi- nifer's  houfe,  as  a  fpecial  memento  to  him. If  I  HAD  SERVED  MV  GOD  WITH  HALF  THE  ZEAL  THAT  I  HAVE  SERVED  MY KING,  HE  WOULD  NOT,  IN  MY  GREY  HAIRS,  HAVE  THUS  FORSAKEN  ME  (/). (1)  This  mans  greatnefi  is  the  fhorteft  exemplified  his  acceptance  of  this  archbifhoprick  to  his  fall.  They- in  .  the  collection  of  letters  and  negotiations,  peniions  are  to  be  lien  in  fywer’s  ptrblick  acts  under  thefe  tr from  foreign  princes,  he  had  and  was  engaged  in,  from  ties. Edward Chap.  I. of  the  CHURCH  0/YORK. Edward  Lee,  fifty  eighth  archbifihop,  n } The  fee  having  been  void,  by  the  death  of  cardinal  IVolfey ,  almoft  a  year,  the  king  a thought  fit  to  prefer  unto  it  his  almoner  Edward  Lee ,  S.T.  P  ;  brought  up  for  a  time  in Magdalene  college  in  Oxford ,  where  he  proceeded  batchelor  of  arts  j  but,  removing  from thence  to  Cambridge ,  he  took  his  other  degrees  in  that  univerfity.  He  had  been  arch¬ deacon  of  Colchefter,  prebendary  of  York  and  Salifbury ,  was  fent  abroad  on  feveral  impor¬ tant  embafiies,  particularly  to  the  pope  at  Bononia  on  the  intricate  affair  of  queen  Catherine's marriage.  Soon  after  his  return  from  this  laft  embafly,  he  was  by  bull  of  pope  Elementally dated  October  30,  1531,  promoted  to  the  fee  of  York.  He  was  confecrated  December  10, next  following,  was.inthroned  by  proxy  the  feventeenth  of  the  fame  month  •,  and  April  1, 1534,  was  inftalfed  in  proper  perfon  (m). Being  much  employed  by  the  king,  as  a  ftatefman,  he  had  not  leifure  to  vifit  his  dio- cefe  till  fome  years  after  his  firft  inftallment-,  as  appears  by  the  laft  mentioned  dates.  In the  year  153^  rebellion  called  the  pilgrimage  of  grace  began  ;  when  our  prelate  with the  lord  Darcy  were  feized  upon,  by  the  rebels,  and  carried  prifoners  to  Ponlfrete  caftle. They  obliged  them  both  to  take  an  oath  to  be  true  to  their  party,  &c.  for  which  the  lord Darcy ,  afterwards  loft  his  head,  but  the  archbifhop  was  pardoned  (n). In  this  man’s  time  the  Reformation  had  made  a  great  progrefs,  though  I  do  not  find  him concerned  at  all  in  it.  It  was  now,  alfo,  that  alienations  from  this  fee  firft  began-,  for  by indenture  dated  November  12,  1542,  the  manors  of  Beverley ,  Southwell ,  Skidby ,  and  Bi- fihop-Burtoh r,  were  exchanged  with  the  crown  for  the  diflolved  priory  of  Marton  cum  Mem- brisy  in  this  county  ;  and  other  manors  formerly  belonging  to  religious  houfes  ;  fuch  as Kilburn ,  Sutton  under  fVbitfoncliffy  &c.  (0)  But  this  was  no  very  ill  bargain,  the  church T.XIII./>.  41 2.  Pro  epifeopo  Lincolnicn.  eletto  Eboracenfi. dat.  Aug.  5.  7514. 439.  Liter*  regis  Francorum  eleclo  Ebor.  T. Wolfey.  dat.  Sept.  2,  7514. S 07 •  De  ctijlodix  mag.figill.  commiffa  arch .  Ebor. dat.  Maii  t  j,  1515. 525.  FromiJJio  fecretarii  ducis  Mediolani  pro 1 0000  ducat,  folvend.  png.  amis  card-. Ebor. dat.  Oft.  19,  1  5 » y. 529.  De  libera  none  magni  figill.  card.  Ebor.  et ejnfdem  jur ament  o,  dat.  Dccem.  22, 1515. 530.  Fro  card.  Ebor.  archiep.  de  cufloditt  com - miffa,  Jan.  29,  1516. 573.  Fro  card.  Ebor  .fuper  litem  curia  Roma- na  pendente  de  poteflatibus  dat.  Decern. 22,  1516. 59 1  •  De  penfione  pro  card.  Ebor.  per  regem  Ca- ftellae,  dat.  Jun.  8,  1517. 584.  Chart a  pro  card.  Ebor.  de  adminijlratme epifeop.  Tumacenfis  in  fpiritual.  ettem - poralibus  conce/fa,  dat.  Ap.  15,  1/17.. 598.  Fro  card.  Ebor.  bulla  ilecimamm,  dat. Aug.  14,  1 5 1-7. 605.  De  poteflatibus  card.  Ebor.  ex emplificatio, Maii  6,  1518. 609.  Super  privatione  Adriani  cardinalis  bulla. pro-card.  Ebor.  Jul.  30;  1518. 691.  De  pot.flatibus  couimijfio  regis  Francorum pro  caul.  Ebor.  Jan.  10,  1/19. 703.  Fro  domino  ca*d.  Ebor.  Oft.  24,  1519. 714.  Fro  card.  Ebor.  penfio imperatoris.  Mar.  29, 1  520. 718.  Penfio  ducis  Venct.  card.  Ebor.  Maii  5, iS  20. 725.  Bulla  de  penfione  card.  Ebor.  Jul.  7,  1 520. 742.  Bulla  pro  card.  Ebor.  de  potejlatibus  fuper lettione  librorum  Martini  Lutheri,  Ap. 17. 749.  Fro  card.  Ebor.  commijjio  ad  tracland.  cum rege  Francorum,  Jul.  29,  1521. 786.  Anchonius  Grimanus  Venetiarum  dux ad  card.  Ebor.  Mar.  9,  1523. 788.  Pro  card.  Ebor.  Thom,  archiep.  Ap.  24, 1523. 79;.  Frorogatio  legations  per  papam  Adrianum pro  card.  Ebor.  Jun.  12,  1523. T.  XIV.  p.  96.  Andreas  Gritti  dux  Venetiarum  ad  card. Ebor.  Oft.  I,  1525. 1 00.  De  penfione  per  regentem  Franciac  per card.  Ebor.  Novem.  18,  1525. T.  XI V.p.  1 21 .  Francifcus  Sforza  dux  Mediolani  ad  card. Ebor.  Feb.  7,  l  526. 1 28.  Ducts  Mediolani  literae  card.  Ebor.  Mar. 1 2,  1 526. I55  De  monafieriis  fuppreffis  et  collegio  card . Ebor.  conceffis  Maii  1,  1526. 174.  Fro  domino  card.  Ebor.  licentia  itnpro - ,  priandi  Maii  10,  1526. 179.  Dux  Venetiarum  ad  card.  Ebor.  pro  col¬ legio  card.  Ebor.  Jul.  23,  1526. 180.  Pro  collegio  card.  Ebor.  in  Oxonia,  Jul. 24,  1526. 196.  Bex  Poloniae  ad  card.  Ebor.  Maii  7, 1527. 202.  Commijfio  card.  Ebor.  adcarceratos  dclibe- randos,  Jul.  14,  1527. 212.  Traclatus  regis  Francorum  in  propria  per-, fona  cum  card.  Ebor .  de  generali  concilia non  indicendo  confirmatio,  dat.  Aug.  1 8, 1527. 217.  Infirumentum  juramentorum  regis  Francifci et  card.  Ebor.  dat.  11 1  fupra, 230.  Acquietatio  mercatorum  de  Luca  ad  in - flantiatn  card.  Ebor.  Sept.  25,  1527. 239.'  Fro  card.  Ebor.  faculties  ad  degrad.vid': clericos  Maii  28,  I  528. 268.  Fro  card.  Ebor.  de  enftedia  ■  temporal: urn* V/inton.  concejf.  Oft.  20,  1528. 287.  Fro  card.  Ebor.  cura  de  W inton.  ecclefia et  provifione  papali  Feb.  13-29. 289.  Papa  ad  vssffales  Wintonienfes  pro  card, Ebor. 299.  De  commiffariis  ad  audiend.  caufas  in  can- cellaria  ad  relevamen  card.  Ebor.  J  un.  1 1 . 1529. 350 .  De  attornatis  card,  Ebor.  conflitutis. 3  50.  Fro  domino  rege  ad  recuperationem  contra card.  Ebor  .dat.  Feb.  7,  1 530. 371.  Indent ura  inter  regem  et  dom.  card.  Ebor. Feb.  17,  1530. 402.  Super  pojfejfionibus  card.  Ebor.  de  inqui- rendo,  Jul.iy,  15.30. 408.  Super  attinetione  card.  Ebor.  de  conceffionx- bus,  Decem.  f,  1530. N.B.  The  cardinal  died  November  29,  1  5,30,  of  what illnefs  is  eafy  to  be  guefled  by  the  courfe  and  nature of  thefe  laft  inftruments. (m)  Goodwin,  Torre,  p.  472. (»)  Stowe's  annals,  Holling /head’s  chron,  &c- (.0)  Chapel  of  the  R oils. fuffered 45* 1 S4+- The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. (uttered  little  by  the  exchange;  efpecially  when  compared  with  the  great  devaftation  made in  the  time  of  his  immediate  fuccefibr.  { Edward  fat  archbilhop  of  this  fee  thirteen  years,  and  died  September  13,  1544  1  he  was buried  in  his  own  church,  in  the  louth  choir,  where  a  large  blew  marble  done  was  laid over  him ;  with  the  effigies  of  a  biffiop  in  brafs  to  the  walft,  and  four  efcutcheons  of  arms, as  Mr.  Dodlworth  writes,  but  they  were  long  fince  torn  off.  Upon  removal  ot  this  done for  the  new  pavement  his  remains  appeared,  laid  in  a  walled  grave,  but  nothing  remark¬ able  was  found,  befides  his  epifcopal  ring,  which  is  now  in  the  dean  s  cuftody.  I  ihall conclude  my  account  of  this  prelate  with  a  character  given  him  by  his  contemporary  Po- lidore  Virgil ,  which  may  ferve  as  an  addition  to  his  epitaph  ;  which  epitaph,  as  prelerved by  Mr.  Dodfworth  is  as  follows, emnarous  Siccus  atthicpifcopus  ©Jojacciilts  tljcolosus  cttmius,  atquc  in  omnium  bonarura litctarum  louse  crumtiffimus,  fapicntic  ot  bite  famtitste  clatus,  cUanselirc  ooarme  fpm return  (ircconcm  Icmpcr  agens,  paupcribus  bcncficus,  omnibus  ojDuubus  luptu  clatus, magno  do  fc  apuo  omnee  DcCDctio  rcltcto  Ijtc  fcpultus  jarct.  &cmt  ai'cljtcptrcopus  anms pauto  minus  tin,  obiit  fepto  ^cptcmbjis  ctatis  anno  htdjS,  anno  labritti  JiS- Edwardus  Leeus,  vir  nalura  frugi ,  fanclus,  religiofus,  Latinis  f (inter  Graecis,  Hebrai- cis  Uteris  erudilus,  ac  fumma  in  nofira  theologia  probalus  (p). Robert  Holcate,  fifty  ninth  archbijhop. Before  the  end  of  the  fame  year  Robert  Holgate  D.  D.  born,  fays  //  ilhs,  at  Hcmfworlh, near  Pontfrete ,  in  this  county,  found  means  with  the  king  to  be  tranllated  from  the  bi- fhoprick  of  Landaff  to  this  fee.  This  man  was  bred  up  amongft  the  Gilbert, ne  monks  at Sempringham  in  Lincalnjhire ,  and  was  afterwards  prior  of  Watton  in  this  county.  On  fur- rendring  up  his  priory  he  had  firft  a  benefice  in  Lincolnjhire ;  but  fir  Francs  JJkue,  a  gen¬ tleman  in  his  neighbourhood,  proving  very  troublefome,  by  commencing  a  vexatious  law- fuit  againft  him,  he  quitted  the  living  and  came  to  London.  He  found  means  foon  after to  be  made  one  of  the  king’s  chaplains ;  and  Henry  finding  him  a  very  fit  man  for  his purpofe,  being  a  buiy  ftickler  in  the  Reformation ,  firft  promoted  him  to  the  fee  of  Lan¬ daff  ^  and  next  tranflated  him  hither,  January  10,  1544-  ,  ,  r  .  .  r Within  a  month  after  his  tranftation  it  was  eafy  to  fee  what  was  Henry  s  defign  in  it,  for our  prelate  paired  away  to  theking,  as  it  is  faid  in  one  morning,  thirteen  manors  in  Nor¬ thumberland,  forty  in  Yorkfihire,  fix  in  Nolinghamfhire ,  and  eight  in  Glocefterjhm  ;  all  belong¬ ing  to  this  fee.  In  lieu  of  which  he  obtained  thirty  three  impropriations  and  advowions, which  came  to  the  crown  by  the  diffolution  of  fome  monafteries  in  the  north  parts ;  a  further account  of  which  will  be  given  in  the  next  chapter.  By  thefe,  and  other  fuc  1  unworthy  mea- fures,  he  greatly  impoveriihed  his  fee,  but  amaffed  great  riches  to  himfelf,  beyond  wha any  other  bifhop  in  England  was  then  matter  of;  how  long  this  ill  gotten  wealth  continued with  him  will  appear  in  the  fequel.  .  .  r Our  prelate,  now  grown  to  a  fullnefs  of  riches  and  power,  and  forgetting  his  vow  o. celibacy,  thought  fit  to  take  unto  himfelf  a  wife.  I  find  in  a  ritual  of  one  Robert a  prieft  in  the  nunnery  of  Hampole  in  this  county,  that  banns  of  marriage  were  pubhlhed a  tBifhopthorp,  and  at  Aithwick  in  the  ftreet ,  near  Done  after,  betwixt  Barbara  Wentworth, daughter  of  Roger  Wentworth ,  efq;  and  Robert  archbilhop  of  York.  They  were  married, fays  my  authority  (V)  who  was  contemporary,  and  lived  in  the  neighbourhood  ot  Aithwick , publickly  January  1 5,  1 549;  but,  adds  he,  one  Dr.  Tonge  faid  in  court  that  he  had  mar¬ ried  them  privately  fome  time  before.  It  feems  this  lady  had  been  betrothed  and  was  actual¬ ly  married,  in  her  childhood,  to  a  young  gentleman  called  Anthony  Norman  •,  which  her parents  thought  fit  to  fet  afide,  and  our  prelate  made  no  fcruple  to  break  through  the  en¬ gagement.  Norman ,  we  find,  was  not  paftive  in  this  affair,  (r)  but  in  the  reign  o  ~ ward  VI.  actually  petitioned  the  king  and  council  to  have  his  wife  reftored  him.  I  he matter  occafioned  a  great  conteft  betwixt  the  two  hulbands ;  but  our  prelate  held  tatt  by the  apron-ftrings,  till  the  beginning  of  the  reign  of  queen  Mary ,  when  he  was  not  only dilpoffeffed  of  his  wife,  but  all  his  great  riches  feized  on,  and  himfelf  fent  prifoner  to  the Tower.  This  ftroke  was  made  at  him,  not  fo  much  for  being  a  married  biihop,  as  Uooel- win  himfelf  writes,  but  for  oppofing  that  princefs’s  title  to  the  crown.  Though  he,  as  well as  fome  more  bifliops,  were  hardlier  dealt  with,  by  reafon,  .that  being  brought  up  in  re  1- gious  houfes,  they  had  taken  vows  of  celibacy. When  Robert  had  lain  prifoner  a  year  and  half  in  the  Tower,  he  was  by  procurement of  king  Philip,  releafed  from  his  confinement.  After  this  he  retired  to  Hemfwortb  his  na- tive  place  s  where  he  died,  and  was  fo  obfeurely  buried  that  though  I  fearched  the  church  o (p)  There  are  feveral  books,  writings,  letters,  &c.  (■?)  Manufcript  at  pretent,  in  the  cuftody  of  lir  Brian faid  to  be  compofed  and  written  by  this  prelate,  a  Cook  bart.  of  IVhmtly.  A  curious  piece  on  feveral  ac- cntiloeue  of  which  is  extant  in  Wood's  Athtn.  Oxen,  counts. (r)  Goodwin,  Burnet's  hill,  reform that 4J3 Chap.  I.  of  the  CHURCH  a/YORK. that  place,  and  enquired  of  tradition  for  it  I  cou’d  learn  no  account  of  his  grave.  What time  he  died  is  alfo  uncertain ;.  but  Mr.  Willis  has  given  us  a  ftiort  abltraft  of  his  will,  which he  fays  was  proved  December  4,  1 556.  ( s ). There  are  however  fome  afts  of  piety  recorded  of  this  archbilhop,  and,  which  is  more remarkable,  are  ftill  fubfifting.  He  founded  and  endowed  three  free  fchools,  viz.  at  York , Old-Melton  and  at  Hemfworth-,  the  original  foundation  deed  is  now  amongft  our  city  re¬ cords  •,  an  account  of  which,  in  regard  to  the  fchool  at  York,  I  fhall  give  in  its  proper place.  There  is  a  remarkable  ftory  alfo  told  of  him,  which,  if  true,  fhews  him  a  perfon of  a  more  forgiving  temper  than  his  predeceflbr  Wolfey  ;  in  a  cafe  fomewhat  parallel.  This archbifhop,  being  lord  p re (i dent  of  the  north,  fir  Francis  Ajkue ,  the  knight  aforemention¬ ed,  happened  to  have  a  fuit  depending  in  that  court.  Doubting  much  of  hard  mealure from  the  prefident,  whole  adversary  he  had  been,  he  gave  up  his  caufe  for  loft.  When, contrary  to  his  expectation,  he  found  the  archbilhop,  according  to  juftice,  to  ftand  up in  favour  of  him,  by  which,  means  he  gained  his  caufe.  The  prelate  faying  merrily  to fome  of  his  friends,  that  he  was  more  obliged  to  fir  Francis  than  any  man  in  England-, for  had  it  not  been  for  his  pufhing  him  to  London ,  he  had  lived  a  poor  prieft  all  his days  (t ). Nicholas  Heath,  fixtieth  archbijhop. Nicholas  Heath,  a  Londoner  born,  was  doCtor  of  divinity  in  Cambridge ,  and  afterwards  a.  1553. almoner  to  king  Henry  VIII.  His  next  preferment  was  that,  anno  1539,  he  was  confe- crated  bifhop  o \  Landaff,  and  the  fame  year  was  removed  to  Rochejler ;  where  he  did  not lit  above  four  years  till  he  was  tranftated  to  Worcelier.  In  the  time  of  Edward  VI,  he was  deprived  of  the  bilhoprick  of  Worcejlcr,  for  refufing  to  take  the  oath  ot  fupremacy  , but  queen  Mary  reftored  him  again  in  the  beginning  of  her  reign,  and  alfo  made  him  lord prefident  of  Wales.  He  was  foon  after  tranflated  to  York ,  the  bull  of  pope  Paul  IV,  which confirmed  his  election  thereto,  and  is  the  laft  inftruinent  of  that  kind  acknowledged  in  this fee,  bears  date  11  kal.  Julii ,  anno  1 555.  On  the  third  of  Odlober  following,  the  pall  was fent  him  for  the  plenary  adminiftration  of  his  office,  and  on  the  twenty  fecond  ofi  Janua¬ ry  the  fame  year,  he  was  folemnly  inftalled  and  inthroned  in  perfon  ( u J. Whilft  he  fat  here,  as  archbifhop,  he  made  it  his  bufinefs  to  retrieve  what  was  loft  from the  fee  by  his  predecefiors  •,  and  by  his  intereft  in  queen  Mary  he  obtained  Suffolk-hcuje  in Southwark ,  in  recompence  for  White-ball.  But  this  being  at  too  great  a  diftance.from  court he  procured  inftead  thereof  York-place  in  the  Strand ;  which  himfelf  and  fucceffors  enjoyed, till  king  James  I,  to  pleafe  the  duke  of  Buckingham ,  exchanged  it  with  archbilhop  Mathews for  lands  elfewhere.  Our  prelate  alfo  prevailed  upon  the  queen  to  reftore  Ripon  lordlhip, with  feven  other  manors,  members  thereof,  alienated  by  Holgate Southwell  he  alfo  got  re¬ verted,  and  five  more  manors  in  Noltinghamjhirc.  Infomuch,  that  it  may  be  truly  faid, that  the  fee  of  York  owes  to  queen  Mary ,  and  this  archbilhop,  more  than  a  third  part  of  its prefent  revenues  (x). Upon  Stephen  Gardiner ’s  death,  Nicholas  being  then  archbilhop  of  York ,  was  conftituted lord  chancellor  of  England ;  which  place  he  held  all  the  reign  of  queen  Mary.  Upon  the death  of  this  princefs,  he,  by  his  authority,  called  together  the  nobility  and  commons  in parliament  then  lately  allembled,  but  dilfolved  by  her  demife,  and  gave  order  for  proclaim¬ ing  of  Elizabeth  (y).  A  circumftance  the  more  remarkable,  in  that  immediately  upon  her acceffion  to  the  crown,  our  prelate  was  deprived;  though  not  fomuch  for  want  of  loyalty to  her  perfon,  and  right  of  fucceflion,  as  for  his  religion  •,  in  which  he  always  kept  fteady to  the  church  of  Rome(z).  The  queen  however  paid  luch  regard  to  his  merit,  thatfhe fuffered  him  to  retire  to  a  finall  eftate  he  had  at  Cobham  in  Surrey.  Here  it  was  that  he fpent  the  remainder  of  his  days,  unmolelted,  in  a  ftudious  and  religious  manner,  and  free from  harbouring  any  thoughts  of  faction  or  revenge.  He  died  in  this  place  anno  1566, and  was  buried  in  the  chancel  of  the  church  there,  under  a  blue  ftone,  as  our  writers  in¬ form  us,  and  the  inhabitants  have  ftill  a  tradition  (a). The  author  of  the  lives  of  the  lords  chancellors  gives  this  prelate  the  character  of  being <c  a  very  wife  and  learned  man;  of  deep  policy,  yet  greater  integrity.  More  devout  to •  “  purfue  the  dictates  of  his  own  confcience,  than  cruel  to  perfecute  others.  In  fhort  he “  was  fo  moderate  and  free  from  violent  extreams,  that  in  the  difputations  betwixt  the  pa- “  pifts  and  proteftanls,  in  the  firft  year  of  queen  Elizabeth ,  he  was  chofen  one  of  the  mo- derators  ;  fir  Nicholas  Bacon  being  the  other. ( s )  Dodfworth'i  colioftions  vol.  1 18.  p.8o.  V.  Li  brum Kitchin  in  curia  prerogat .  Cant. (?)  Sit  John  Harrington. (u  Goodwin,  Torre,  473. (*)  Iidem  et  Willis. (  y )  An  inftrument  in  the  FocJera  bears  this  title,  Pro archicpifcopo  Eborum  cancellario  Angliae  de  exonerations dnt.  Feb.  8,  1556.  tom.  XV.  p.  429. (z)  MS.  fir  T.  IV. (a)  Harrington.  [Villis. 5 Z Thomas 4J4 Jthe  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. I  560, Thomas  Young,  fail  firjl  archbijhop. Upon  the  deprivation  of  the  former  in  the  year  1560,  Henry  Maye ,  LL.  D.  dean  of  Sr. Paul’s  was  certified  to  the  queen,  by  the  dean  and  chapter  of  York,  to  be  defied  to  this archbifhoprick.  But  this  man  dying  before  confecration,  Thomas  Young,  LL.  D.  bifhop  of St  Davids,  was  mandated  to  this  fee  ;  to  which  he  was  defied,  according  to  the  queen’s conge  decline (c),  Feb.  3,  1560;  and  about  the  fame  time  was  conftituted  lord  preftdent  of th  This'man  bein'*  the  firft  proteftant  archbifhop  of  this  fee,  X  could  have  wilhed  that  he  had deferved  a  better  charafter  than  fir  John  Harington ,  Mr.  Le  Neve  or  Mr.  Willis  have  given him  Mr  he  Neve  has  publifhed  the  lives,  £ ic.  of  the  proteftant  archbilhops  of  both lees  '(d)  tire  book  is  fo  lately  printed,  and  almoft  in  every  body’s  hands,  that  I  (hall  have little  oe’eafton  to  fwell  this  volume  with  any  thing  elfe  than  a  bare  recital  of  the  promotions, deaths,  burials,  £ *.  of  our  proteftant  prelates  from  this  period. )oun?  was  indeed  a  very  remarkable  one;  for  !  his  chief  care,  whilft  he  fat  archbilhop, was  providin'*  for  himfelf  and  lamily  ;  by  fettling  the  eftates  of  the  beft  prebends  upon them  In  his  elderly  years  he  married  a  lady,  by  whom  he  had  a  fon,  afterwards  fir  George Young  knight.  To  get  an  eftate  for  this  fon,  the  father  took  the  mod:  unjuftifiable  means poffible  and  afiually  pulled  down  the  great  hall  in  the  old  and  magnificent  archtepifcopal  pa¬ lace  at  York.  This  was  for  the  lucre  of  the  lead  upon  it,  plumbifacra  fames,  lays  Harnnglon, which  made  him  deftroy  a  building  erefied  near  five  hundred  years  before,  by  Thomas  the elder,  his  predecefTor.  Sir  John  is  very  fevere  upon  him  for  this  deed,  and  wifhes  lome  of the  lead  had  been  melted  and  poured  down  his  throat  for  it ;  however,  he  adds,  that  it  did him  not  much  good,  being  tricked  out  of  a  Ihip-load  fent  up  to  London  for  file ;  by  the fubtlety  of  a  courtier,  to  whom  the  archbilhop  had  made  great  proteftations  of  his  extream ^  Having^ ruled  this  fee  feven  years  and  fix  months  he  died  at  Sheffield-Manor,  a  feat  of  the then  earl  of  Shrewjbury’s,  June  26,  1568,  and  was  buried  in  the  north  fide  the  quire,  in  a vault  over  which  a  blue  marble  was  laid,  which  once  bore  an  epitaph  and  efeutcheons  of arms ’upon  it,  but  they  are  all  now  gone.  He  was  the  firft  proteftant,  Englijh,  btlhop  that died  in  queen  Elizabeth’s  days ;  though  (he  furvived  many  ot  thofe  whom  Ihe  had  promoted. His  epitaph  Mr.  Dodfworth  has  preferved  and  given  us  as  follows: SChomas  f  oungus  nuper  titbojaccnlts  accljicpircopns  ritilis  juris  Ooitoj  peritillimus,  quern p'optcr  grabitafem,  ftimmum  mgentum,  crccllcntcmquc  rmirn  politicarum  feientiam  il* Ittttrtirmta  regtna  Eliz.  fcptcntrianaltbus  ljujus  regni  partitas  pjactiocm  conflifuit,  qua magitfratu  qmnquc  aitnos  perfumtus  cff.  ^cott  atcljicpircopus  amtos  feptem  rt  fer  men* fes,  obitt  biceltmo  tit  mentis  Junti  attito  SDomini  millefimo  quingentetimo  feragetima ottabo. Edmond  Grijdal,  fixly  fecond  archbifhop. A.  1,-70.  Upon  the  deprivation  and  imprifonment  of  Edmund  Bonner  bifhop  of  London,  Edmund Grindal  was  placed  in  that  fee  ;  his  preferments  before  were  firft  fellow,  then  mafter  of  Pem- broke-hall  in  Cambridge.  After  a  vacancy  of  near  two  years  from  the  death  of  doling,  Gnn- dal  was  tranflated  to  York ;  and  had  the  temporalities  reftored  to  him  June  1,  1570(7;. Here  he  fat  till  Feb.  1 5,  1575,  when  he  was  tranflated  to  Canterbury. Edwin  Sandy  s,  fatty  third  archbifhop. A. 1576. Edwin  Sandys  was  dofior  of  divinity,  and  mafter  of  Calherine-hall  in  Cambridge,  he  was vice-chancellor  of  that  univerfity  at  the  time  when  the  lady  Jane  Grey  was  proclaimed  queen there  He  preached  a  fermon ,  by  the  order  of  the  duke  of  Northumberland,  in  de¬ fence’  of  lady  Jane’s  title  ;  for  which  he  was  thrown  into  prifon  by  queen  Mary.  He  con¬ tinued  a  prifoner  near  a  year,  and  being  at  length  difeharged  he  fled  into  Germany,  where  he lived  all  the  days  of  queen  Mary.  Returning  then  to  England,  he  was  foon  dlftinguifhed by  her  fucceffor ;  and  was  appointed  one  of  the  eight  divines  who  were  to  hold  a  deputation againft  the  Romanifls,  before  the  two  houfes  of  parliament  at  TVeflminfter.  Anno  1559.  he  was confecrated  biflrop  of  mrcefter,  and  1570.  removed  thence  to  London ;  where  having  fat fix  years  he  was  at  laft  tranflated  to  York.  He  was  enthronized,  by  proxy,  March  13, 1576,  and  had  the  temporalities  reftored  March  16.  following^;. The  life  of  this  prelate  is  given  at  length  in  Le  Neve’s  account  of  the  proteftant  bifhops of  this  fee ;  to  which  Mr.  Willis  has  added  fome  remarks.  It  would  be  needlefs  in  me  to (c)  Licentia  eligendi  Eborum.  Dut.  Jul.  25,  1560. Toed.  tom.  XV.  />.  599. (</)  London  1720. ( c)  See  the  ftory  at  large  in  Harrington' %  addition  to Goodwin. (f)  Food.  Ang.  tom.  XV.  p.6Sz. ( g )  Totd./.ng.  tom. XV.  />.  77s- repeat Chap. I.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK.  '  4jy repeat  what  has  been  already  publifhed  of  him  by  thofe  authors  •,  or  to  give  the  reader  fir John  Harington’s  ftory  of  this  prelate  and  the  hoftefs  of  Doncajler.  The  quarel  betwixt  fir Robert  Stapylton  and  the  archbifhop,  about  this  laft  named  affair,  fell  heavy  on  the  knight who  underwent  a  grievous  cenfure  and  fine  in  the  ftar-chamber  for  it.  But  to  fee  how  a  re¬ volution  of  fomewhat  more  than  an  age  erafes  all  difeords  in  families,  the  late  fir  John  Sta- fyllon  of  Myton ,  bart.  a  lineal  defeendant  from  iir  Robert ,  married  an  heirefs  of  this  arch- bifhop’s  houfe,  without  either  of  them  knowing  any  thing  of  the  inveterate  hatred  that  had been  betwixt  their  progenitors.  Give  me  leave,  fince  I  have  mentioned  fir  John  Stajylton , to  bewail  the  untimely  and  unfortunate  lofs  of  that  mod  worthy  gentleman  ;  which  would have  been  greater,  did  he  not  feem  yet  to  live  in  the  perfon  of  his  eldeft  fon  and  fucceffor. From  the  aforefaid  marriage  proceded  a  numerous  progeny,  and  may  they,  as  they  feem  to promife,  increafe,  flouriffi  and  defeend,  endowed  with  all  the  virtues  of  their  parents  and anceftors  to  the  latefl  ages. Our  prelate  continued  in  this  fee  near  eleven  years,  and  died  at  Southwell  July  io,  1588, and  was  interred  in  that  collegiate  church  ;  where  he  lyes  in  the  north  corner  of  the  choir under  a  monument,  which  bears  the  form  and  infeription  reprefented  in  the  plate.  Mr  .Torre has  given  us  the  preamble  to  his  will  from  our  prerogative  office,  dated  Aug.  1,  1587.  in this  manner,  44  This  Edwyn  Sandys ,  minifter  of  God’s  word  and  facraments,  made  his “  will,  proved  Nov.  16,  1588,  whereby  he  commends  his  foul  into  the  hands  of  God  al- 44  mighty,  his  creator,  hoping  to  be  faved  through  the  merits  of  Jefus  Chrijl  ;  and  bequea- 44  thed  his  body  decently  to  be  buried,  &c. 44  Then  gave  all  his  plate,  of  which  he  had  great  {tore,  amongft  his  children  and  bre- ct  thren,  and  conflituted  Cecily  his  wife  foie  executrix  (i).  E.  EBOR. But  in  the  preamble  to  this  prelate’s  will  there  is  a  more  remarkable  paragraph  than  what Mr  .'Torre  has  extracted  from  it;  which,  as  it  contains  the  fubftance  of  his  faith,  at  a  time when  the  Reformation  was  very  young  in  the  Englijh  church,  I  fhall  beg  leave  to  tranferibe verbatim. 44  'Thirdly ,  Becaufe  I  have  lived  an  old  man  in  the  miflerie  of  Chrijl ,  a  faithful  difpofer tc  of  the-'  mifteries  of  God,  and  to  my  power,  an  earned:  labourer  in  the  vineyard  of 44  the  lord,  I  teftifie  before  God  and  his  angels  and  men  of  this  world  I  reft  refolute “  and  yield  up  my  fpirit  in  that  dodtrine  which  I  have  privately  ftudied  and  publickly 44  preached,  and  which  is  this  day  maintained  in  the  church  of  England ,  both  taking 44  die  fame  to  be  the  whole  councill  of  God,  the  word  and  bread  of  eternal  life,  the  foun- “  tain  of  living  water,  the  power  of  God  unto  falvation  unto  all  them  that  believe,  and  be- 44  feeching  the  lord  befides  foe  to  turn  us  unto  him  that  we  may  be  turned  ;  left,  if  we  repent 44  not,  the  candleftick  be  moved  out  of  its  place,  and  the  gofpel  of  the  kingdom  for  ourun- 44  thankfullnefs  be  taken  from  us  and  given  to  a  nation  that  fhall  bring  forth  the  fruites 44  thereof.  And  further  protefting  in  an  upright  confcience  of  mine  owne,  and  in  the 44  knowledge  of  his  majefty  before  whom  I  Hand,  that  in  the  preaching  of  the  truth  of 44  Chrijl  I  have  not  laboured  to  pleafe  man,  but  ftudied  to  ferve  mymafter,  who  fent  me  not 44  to  flatter  either  prince  or  people,  but  by  the  law  to  tell  all  forts  of  their  Anns,  by  the 44  fpirit  to  rebuke  the  world  of  finne,  of  righteoufnefs  and  judgment,  by  the  gofpeli 44  to  teftify  of  that  faith  which  is  in  Jefus  Chrijl  and  him  crucifyed.  Fourthly ,  concerning 44  rights  and  ceremonies  by  political  conftitutions  authorifed  amongft  us,  as  I  am  and  have 44  been  perfuaded  that  fuch  as  are  now  fett  downe  by  publick  authority  in  this  church  of 44  England ,  are  no  way  either  ungodly  or  unlawful,  but  may  with  good  confcience,  for  or- 44  der  and  obedience  fake,  be  ufed  of  a  good  chriftian  ;  for  the  private  baptifme  to  be  mi- 44  niftered  by  women,  I  take  neither  to  be  preferibed  nor  permitted,  fo  have  I  ever  been 44  and  prefently  am  perfuaded,  that  fome  of  them  be  not  foe  expedient  in  this  church  now, 44  but  that  in  the  church  reformed,  and  in  all  this  time  of  the  gofpeli  wherein  the  feed  of 44  feripture  hath  fo  long  been  fown,  they  may  better  be  difufed  by  little  and  little,  than 44  more  and  more  urged  ;  howbeit  as  I  doe  eafily  acknowledge  our  ecclefiafticall  pollite 44  in  fome  points  may  be  bettered  ,  foe  doe  I  utterly  miflike  even  in  my  confcience 44  all  fuch  rude  and  indigefted  platformes  as  have  been  more  lately  and  boldly  then 44  either  learnedly  or  wifely  preferred,  tending  not  to  the  reformation,  but  to  the 44  deftrutftion  of  the  church  of  England ,  particularities  of  both  forts  referved  to  the 44  diferetion  of  the  godly  wife;  of  the  latter  I  only  fay  this,  that  the  ftate  of  a  final  1 44  private  church,  and  the  forme  of  a  learned  chriftian  kingdome,  neither  would  long 44  like  nor  can  at  all  brooke  one  and  the  fame  ecclefiaftical  government.  Thus  much 44  I  thought  good  to  teftify  concerning  thefe  ecelefiaftical  matters  to  clear  me  from  all 44  fufpicion  of  double  and  indirect  dealing  in  the  houfe  of  Gud,  wherein  as  touching  mine 44  office  I  have  not  halted  but  walked  fincerely  according  to  that  fikill  and  ability  which  I 44  received  at  God’s  mercyful  hands.  Lord,  as  a  great  fmner  by  reafon  of  my  fraile  flefh (h)  I  have  feen  a  volume  of  fermons,  publifhed  anno 1583.  4;o,  wrote  by  this  archbifhop  •,  the  ftyle  and  man¬ ner  far  exceeds  any  thing  I  have  yet  met  with  amongft the  EnglifJ)  writers  of  that  age.  The  book  was  in  the pofleflion  of  the  late  lady  Stapylton.  A  copy  of  this archbifhop’s  letter  to  queen  Eliz.  publiflied  in  Le  N;ze, was  alfo  communicated  to  that  author,  from  that  lady, though  fent  him  by  fir  Brian  Staff  ton  her  hufband’s  fa¬ ther. (i)  MS.  Torre,  476; 44  and I The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Bod k II. “  and  manifold  infirmities.  I  flee  unto  thee  for  mercy,  Lord  forgive  me  my  fins,  for  I  ac- cc  knowledge  my  Anns  i  lord  performe  thy  promife,  and  doe  away  all  my  iniquities,  hafte  the *c  comeing  of  thy  Cbrifl,  and  deliver  me  from  this  body  of  fin,  vent  cito  dentine  Jefu ,  cloth “  me  with  immortality,  and  give  me  that  promifed  crown  of  glory,  fo  be  it.” I  fhall  add  Fuller's  charafter  of  this  prelate,  to  conclude  my  account  of  him.  “  He  was, cc  fayS  he,  an  excellent  and  painful  preacher,  of  a  pious  and  godly  life,  which  increafed  in “  his  old  age  ;  fo  that  by  a  great  and  good  ftride,  whilft  he  had  one  foot  in  the  grave  he “  had  the  other  in  heaven.  He  was  buried  in  Southwell ,  it  is  hard  to  fay  whether  he  was “  more  eminent  in  his  own  vertues,  or  more  happy  in  his  flourifning  pofterity  (k)”  The epitaph  which  was  on  his  tomb  ran  thus: (fi-Dtorinns  facrc  thoologie  Ooito?,  poflquam  Migojnicnfem  epifropat.  pi.  mm*,  to* tiDemquc  tribus  ocmptio,  LoitDtncnfcm  gcffiffct ;  <£bo?accnfi5  fui  arcfjtcpifcopatuo  anno pto.  bite  autem  Irtr.  obttt  Bfulit  p.  anno  SDom.  1588. Cuius  hie  condition  cadaver  jacet,  getiete  non  humilis ,  vixit  dignitate  locoque  magnus  exemplo major  ,  duplici funfius  epifeopatu ,  archiepifcopali  tandem  amplit Udine  etiam  ill uflris :  Honores hojee  inercatus  grandi  prelio ,  mentis  virtutibufqne.  Homo  bominum  a  malitia  et  vindicia  inno- centiffimus ,  magnanimus ,  apertus ,  et  tantum  nefeitts  adulari ;  famine  liberalis  atque  mij'ericors, hofpitaliflimus ,  optimus ,  facilis ,  &  in  fola  vitia  fuperbus :  Scilicet  hand  minora  quam  loquutus eft ,  vixit,  &  fait.  In  Evangelii  praedicandi  laboribus  ad  extremum  ufque  halitum  mirabiliter  ajfl- duus.  A  fermonibus  ejus  nunquam  non  melior  difeederes:  Facundus  volebat  ejfe,  et  videbalur : Ignavos ,  fedulitatis  fuae  confcius ,  oderat.  Bonas  literas  auxit  pro  facullatibus :  Ecclefiae patrimohium ,  velut  rein  Deo  Sacral  am  decuit,  intaftum  defendit.  Gratia  qua  floruit  apud  il- luflrijflmam  mortalium  Elizabethan!  ejfecit ,  nehanc  in  qua  paces  eccleflam  tu  jacentem  cernercs, venerande  praeful.  JJtriufque  memorandum  fortunae  exemplar ,  qui  tanta  cum  geflferis ,  multo  his major  a  anirno  ad  omnia  femper  impavido  perpejfus  efl.  Carccres ,  exilia ,  ampiiffimantm  facilita¬ tion  amiffiones ,  quodque  omnium  dijjicillimum ,  innocens  perferre  animus  confuevit  immanes  c alum- mas  •,  ethac  re  una  votis  tuts  minor ,  quod  Chrifto  teflimonium  etiam  fanguine  non  praebueris. Attamen  qui  in  profperis  tantos  flullus ,  &  poft  agonum  tot  adverfa ,  tandem  quielis  fempAternae portum,feffus  mundi ,  deique  fltiens  reperifti.  Aetemum  laetare,  vice  Janguinis flint fudores  tut . Abi,  left  or,  nec  iflafeias  tantum  ut J civ  er  is,  fed  utimitere.  Verbum  Domini  manet  in  aetemum. John  Piers,  flxly  fourth  archbifljop. John  Piers ,  was  born  of  plebeian  parents,  fays  Wood,  at  South-Henxfey  near  Abingdon  in Bucks.  He  had  his  academical  education  in  Magdalene  college,  Oxford  commenced  doctor of  divinity,  and  was  dean  of  Cbrifl-chttrch  in  that  univerfity.  He  was  afterwards  made  bi- fhop  of  Rochefter  and  the  queen’s  almoner  •,  from  thence  he  was  removed  to  Salijbury ,  where having  fat  eleven  years  he  was  tranflated  to  Fork.  And  on  the  2 pth  ot  February  1588.  was inftalled,  by  proxy,  in  our  cathedral. He  is  laid  to  be  a  man  that  was  mafter  of  all  kinds  of  learning,  and  beloved  by  e- very  one  for  his  humanity,  excellent  behaviour  and  gencrofity.  The  laft  of_ which  vertues he  exercifed  to  fuch  a  degree  that  he  fcarce  left  at  his  death  fufficient,  as  is  faid,  to  ereft:  a monument  to  his  memory.  The  fmall  one  fet  up  in  the  church  for  him  having  been  placed there,  as  the  infeription  intimates,  by  Dr.  Bennett  one  of  his  grateful  chaplains  and  teftimen- tary  heir  to  what  he  left  behind  him.  In  his  younger  years,  when  he  refided  on  a  fmall living  in  Oxford/hire,  he  fell  into  an  excefs  of  drinking  and  keeping  mean  company  •,  but upon  being  adnioniflied  of  it  by  a  grave  divine  he  quite  forfook  that  courfe,  and  followed his  ftudies°fo  hard  that  he  defervedly  attained  to  great  honours  and  preferments.  He  was was  in  great  favour  with  queen  Elizabeth ,  who,  as  I  faid,  made  him  her  almoner  •,  and  he muft  be°a  wife  and  good  man  whom  that  thrifty  princefs,  fays  Fuller,  would  truft  with  the diftribution  of  her  monies.  He  lived  and  died  with  the  character  of  one  of  the  moft  grave and  reverend  prelates  of  his  age  j  and,  after  his  reduced  life,  was  fo  abftemious,  that,  in his  advanced  years,  when  his  conftitution  required  fuch  a  fupport,  his  phyfician  could  not perfuade  him  to  drink  any  wine.  So  habituated  he  was  then  to  fobriety,  and  bore  fuch  a  de- teftation  to  his  former  excefs. This  primitive  bifhop  lived  in  a  Hate  of  celibacy  all  his  days;,  and  died  at  Bifhopthorp , Sept.  28,  1594,  having  leafed  nothing  from  the  church,  nor  hurt  its  revenues.  He  was  bu¬ ried  in  the  third  chapel,  called  All-fctints  chapel,  at  the  eaft  of  the  cathedral,  under  the window.  Where  his  monument,  as  it  is  here  exhibited,  was  placed,  till  it  was  removed  to make  way  for  the  'fine  tomb  of  the  honourable  Thomas  Wentworth.  It  is  now  put  over  a  door in  the  corner,  and  bears  this  infeription  : Joannes  Piers  facrae  theologiae  dollar  coelebs,  poflquam  decanatu  Ceflriae,  ecclefiae  Chrifti  in  aca¬ demia  Oxon.  • et  Sarifburiae  funffus  ejfet,  ac  poflquam  epifeopatus  Roffenfem  viginti  menfes, Sarifburienfem  undecim plus  minus  annos  gefliffet,  Eboracenfisyi/i  epifeopatus  anno  fexto,  vitae autem  feptuageflmo  primo,  obiit  28  Septembris,  anno  Dom.  1594  ’  ctjusknc  repofltum  efl  cada- (k)  Fuller’s  church  hlftory. ver. Chap. I.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK.  4J7 •ver.  Genere  non  magnus  fuit  (nec  tamen  humilis)  dignitate  locoque  major ,  exemplo  maxbnus : Homo  Ji  quifquam  mortalium  a  malitia  et  vindifta  plane  innocent,  fumme  liberalis  in  omnes , pauperibus  ita  beneficus ,  ut  non  fin  am  modo ,  fed  ct  principis  fui  munificentiam  elemofynarius regius ,  larga  manu ,  /w  multos  annos ,  erogarit.  Hofpitalis  adeo  ut  expenfae  reditus  aequarint, nonnunquam  fiuperarint ;  contemptor  mundi ,  optimus ,  facilis ,  z»  yo/<z  juperbus  fiilicet non  minus  fattis  quam  fermonibus  fyncerum  verbi  praeconem  egit ,  fuit  in  Evangelio  praedi- cando ,  aula  <?/  Academia  z»  Ecclefia,  «£  femper ,  valde  nervojus ,  i/a ufque  halitum  mirabiliter  affiduus.  Veram  et  germanam  Chrifti  religionem  modis  omnibus propagavit ,  falfam  et  adulterinam  totis  viribus  oppugnavit.  Bonas  literas  pro  fdcultatibus  au- xit  ignavos ,  fedulitatis  fuae  conficius ,  /frn?  poluit  manus  nemini  temere  impofuit.  Ec- clefiae  patrimonium,  veluti  rem  deo  facratam  intaflum  defendit.  Summatim femper  apud illufiriffimam  mortalium  Elizabetham  gratia  floruit ;  ineffabili  apud  Deum  immortalem  gloria aetcrnum  florebit.  Vivit  in  coelis  anima  ejus ,  vivant  in  terris  memoria ,  utinam  et  vivum  ex¬ emplar  in  omnibus  epifcopis  ecclefiaeque  paftoribuscerneretur  *. Joannes  Benett,  /<?£«/»  doctor,  baeres  in  teflajnento  ficriptus ,  memoriae  tanti  praefiulis , talifque  patroni  fui ,  omnibus  officii  ac  obfervantiae  nominibus  fe  deditiffmum  profits- tur ,  hoc  pii  gratique  animi ,  non  tantae  haereditatis  monumentum ,  fiuis  fiumptibus Pfidt. _ c  4rMd/?io/L  y°eerd. _ •f  -  — j  i'W' Mat  thew  Hutton,  fifth  archbiJHop.  3 In  the  beginning  of  March  following  Matthew  Hutton  bifhop  of  Durham  was  tranflated  A.  1595. to  this  fee  ;  and  on  the  laft  day  of  that  month  was  inthroned  by  proxy  in  the  cathedral. The  great  preferments  this  prelate  attained  to  are  more  furprifing  when  we  confider  his lownefs  of  birth.  He  was  born  of  poor  parents,  nay  fome  do  not  Hick  to  fay,  that  he  was a  foundling  child,  at  a  place  called  JVarton  in  Lancafidre(l).  In  this  village  is  ftill  a  tradi- *  Molt  of  this  epitaph  is  the  fame  as  his  predecelfor  ed  it  with  thirty  five  pounds  per  annum.  Le  Neve.  Willis. Sandys's-,  but  being  put  up  in  different  churches  the  wri-  See  a  further  account  of  this  alms-houfe  and  prelate  in ter  did  not  imagine  they  would  ever  come  together.  Thorejbf  S  Vicaria  Leodenfis. (1)  He  founded  an  hofpital  at  this  town,  and  endow- 6  A tional The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. tional  account  of  the  manner  of  his  education,  which  being  too  extraordinary  I  think  pro¬ per  to  omit.  He  was  brought  up  in  Trimty-haU  in  Cambridge ,  of  which  he  became  fel¬ low  ;  was  afterwards  mailer  of  Pembroke ,  and  one  of  the  divinity  profeffors  of  that  univer- fity.  In  1567.  he  was  made  dean  of  Pork,  being  then  redtor  of  Boxworth  in  the  county  of Cambridge ,  prebendary  of  Ely,  of  Weftminfter,  and  of  St.  Paul’s  in  London.  In  the  year 1589.  he  was  confecrated  bilhop  of  Durham,  by  the  hands  of  the  archbifhop  of  Tork ;  the bilhops  of  Carlifle  and  Chejler  affilling ;  from  whence  he  was  mandated  to  this  fee,  as  a- bove  (m ). This  prelate  was  a  man  of  great  learning,  and  was  accounted  the  moll  able  preacher  of the. age  he  lived  in  ;  but  much  dipped  in  worldly  affairs  in  his  younger  years,  fays  an  au¬ thor  (n),  having  married  no  lefs  than  three  wives  before  he  got  a  bilhoprick.  He  fit  here eleven  years  and  died  at  Bifhopthorp  Jan.  15,  1605,  leaving  a  fine  eftate  to  fir  Timothy  Hut¬ ton  his  elded  Ton,  who  two  years  after  his  father’s  death  was  high-fheriff  of  this  county.  The eftate  of  Marjk  dill  continues  in  the  family.  He  was  buried  in  the  fouth  quire  of  the cathedral  where  a  handfome  monument  is  erefted  to  his  memory  ;  on  which  is  this  in- lcription : Epitaphium  Matthaei  Huttoni  celeberrimi  archiepifcopi  Eboracenfis  memoriae  facrum. Cujus  exprejjiim  corporis  effigiem  cernis ,  lector,  ft  mentis -quoque  imaginem  videre  cupis,  Ambro- fium  vel  etiam  Auguftinum  cogita-,  alterius  qltippe  ingemum  argutum,  alterms  limatum  judi¬ cium  hocpraefule  vivente  viguit.  Ijui  in  academia  Cantabrigienfi  olim  facrae  theologiae  pro- fejjor  publicity,  et  literanm  columen  claruii  ;  pojlea  erat  ad  decanalum  Eboracenlem, ! hinc  ad epifcopatiim  Dunelmenfem,  illinc  ad  archi-praefulatum  Eboracenlem,  providenlia dritina,  fe- renijjimae  regime  Elizabethae  aufpiciis,  propter  admirabileih  eruditions,  integritatis,  et  pru- dentiae  laudem  provedlus  ;  decurfo  tandem  aetaiis  fuae  annorum  lxxx  curricula,  corpus  Adae, animam  Chridi  grpmio  comrtiendavil.  e  Ecquid  vis  amplius,  lettor?  Nofce  teipfum.  Obiit  16. die  menfis  Januarii  anno  Dom.  mdcv. ToBusiMaiTHiw,  to fixlb  arcbbi/hop. Toby  Matthew  was  born  in  the  city  of  Briftol,  brought  up  in  Chrifl-church,  Oxford,  and, being  doctor  of  divinity,  he  rofe  by  many  heps  of  preferment,  fird  to  the  archdeaconry  of Wells,  the  prefidentlhip  of  St.John’s  college,  Oxford-,  canon  and  dean  of  Chrifl-church,  dean of  Durham-,  bilhop  of  Durham,  and  lately  tranflated  thence  to  the  archbilhoprick  of  Tork, where  he  was  enthronized,  by  proxy.  Sept.  11,  1606. This  prelate  is  praifed  through  the  whole  coirrfe  of  his  life  for  his  great  learning,  eloquence, fweet  converfation,  bounty  ;  but  above  all,  by  dr  John  Harrington  and  Mr.  Fuller,  both  in- fefted  with  the  fame  kind  of  wit,  for  what  they  term  a  chearfd.  Sharpnefs  in  difeourfe.  Which fays  fir  John,  fo  fauced  all  his  words  and  behaviour,  that  wel)  was  he,  in  the  univerfity^ that  could  be  in  the  company  pf Toby  Matthew.  Fuller  adds,  that  none  could  condemn  him for  his  chearfii!  fpirit,  though  often  he  would  condemn  himfeTF for  the  levity  of  it ;  yet  he was  fo  habited  therein  that  he  could  as  well  not  be,  as  not  be  merry.  Pun  and  quibble  was then  in  high  vogue,  and  a  man  was  to  expeft  no  preferment  in  that  age,  either  in  church or  date,  who  was  not  a  proficient  in  that  kind  of  wit.  Our  archbifliop  is  reported  to  have laid  at  his  leaving  Durham,  for  a  benefice  of  lefs  income,  that  it  was  for  lack  of  grace.  The before  quoted  authors  have  thought  fit  to  record  two  or  three  remarkable  dories,  which  I fhall  beg  leave  to  fubjoin  for  th<?  reader’s  better  notion  ’of  our  prelate’s  readinefs  in  this way.  -  .  r-  . “  Being  vice-chancellor  of  Oxford,  and  fome  flight  matters  and  men  coming  before  him, “  °.ne  '™n  was  very  importunate  to  have  the  court  flay  for  his  council.  Who  is  your  coun- “  cil?  fayl  the  vice-chancellor,  Mr.  Leajleed,  ahfwers  the  mans  alas,  replies  the  vice- chancellor,  no  man  can  fland  you  in  lefs  flead.  No  remedy,  .adds  the  other,  neceflity “has  no  law;  indeed,  quoth  he,  no  more  I  think  has  your  councellor. “  Another  man  was  to  be  bound  in  a  bond,  very  like  to  be  forfeited,  and  came  in  o-reat “  hade  to  .offer  it,  faying  he  would  be  bound  if  he  might  be  taken  in :  Yes,  fays  the  judge, “  I  think  you  will  be  taken  in, -nvhat  is  your  name  ?  Co.v,  fays .  the  party,  and  fq  prefs’d,°as “  the  manner  is,l  to  come  mto  court.  MaTte  him  room  there,'  laid  the  vice-chancellor,  let “  Cox-come  in. I  hel'e  two,  out  of  two  or  three  hundred,  nay,  as  many  as  would  fill  a  large  volume,  lays In'  John,  are  iufficient  to  fliew  his  aptnels.  I  hope  I  lhall  not  incur  the  reader’s  difpleafure for  inferring  them,  fince  I  take  them  as  curiofities1  of  their  kind  ;  nor  do  I  remember  that  I ever  met  with  them  in  thofe  volumes  of  puns  and  apothegms  aferibed  to  the  wits  of  each univerfity. xYiter  he  had  arrived  at  his  greamefs,  he  made  one  journey  into  the  wed,  ro  vilit  his  two mothers,  fays  Fuller ,  Ihe  that  bare  him  at  Briftol,  and  her  that  bred  him  in  learning,  the univerfity  of  Oxford.  Coming  near  to  the  latter,  attended  with  a  train  finable  to  his  con- (m)  MS.  Torre, (n)  Willis  on  cathedral  churches. dition -.  //^.Tolin  Dawfon  of  York. jrtrm  .yfro/fu/o/t  Hutton, of Am  /noruomenfe o/eof  Ay  fAie  t  A/ot/erj  oiofe o/uf  nucr/Aej  f/tt.i  A/nte m  morrurry. ,  .  4.  . '2  ' 4* ■  •  •j-.r./.-.-r .  I. ._37 . ./?;  ?./ -  •  • .jsv- VI  •••>  ",V  r-  T HWi . -  '■?.  t rVi’-' ilitnl/. i i % : of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK. Chap.  I. dition,  he  was  met,  adds  my  author,  with  an  equal  number,  or  more,  which  came  out  of Oxford  to  give  him  entertainment.  Thus  augmented  with  another  troop,  arid  remembring he  had  paired  over  a  fmall  water,  a  poor  fehotar,  when  he  firft  carhe  to  the  univerfity,  he kneeled  down  and  took  up  the  exprellion  of  Jacob,  with  my  fluff  faffed  I  over  this  Jordan, and  now  am  I  become  two  bands.  I  am  credibly  informed, "fays  my  author,  that,  mutatis mutandis,  the  fame  thing  was  done  by  his  predeceffor  archbifhop  Hutton  at  Sophijhrs  bills near  Ca??ilridge  ( o). Our  prelate  was  in  great  favour  with  thofe  two  monarchs  of  England,  queen  Elizabeth and  king  James,  and  was  fo  remarkable  a  preacher  that  Campion  the  Jefuit  allows  him  domi- nari  in  concmibus.  If  he  was  an  able  pritacher,  he  mud  alfo  be  allowed  to  be  an  indefatiga¬ ble  one,  for  he  kept  an  account  of  all  his  fermons,  by  which  it  appears  that  he  preached, whilft  dean  of  Durham,  72 1  ;  whilft  hi  [hop  of  Durham  550-,  and  whilft  archbifhop  of dork  721  ■,  in  all  1992  fermons;  and  amonglt  them  feveral  extempore  (p).  Whilft  he  fate here,  if  he  had  not  alienated  from  the  fee,  to  pleafe  the  duke  of  Buckingham,  Dork-Place  in the  Strand ,  which  was  no  jefl,  he  might  have  preached  and  punned  on  to  the  end  of  his days,  leaving  a  much  better  memorial.  He  died  at  Cawood,  March  29,  1628,  afterhehad fat  twenty  two  years,  and  was  buried  in  the  fouth  quire  of  the  cathedral ;  where  a  neat  mo¬ nument  is  ereded  over  him,  which  bears  this  infeription : TOBIAS  MATTHAEUS Illuftri  Mattiiaeojuk  familia  apud  Cam  Bros  oriundus  ;  Bristoliam  natalibus,  Oxo- n  1  a  m  fludiis  ornavit .  Cum  omni  poliliori  doffrinae  theologiam  conjunxerat,  flatim  in  concioni- bus  dominari  coepit.  In  aula,  academia,  urbe,  rurejuxta  Celebris.  Neque  Chrysostomum Graecia  quam  Tobiam  fuutn  Anglia  jaffantius  dim  profltebitur.  Inmtuit  fimul  ac fum m a  apud  reginam  Elizabetham  gratia  invaluit.  Neminern  ilia  libentius  audivit,  aut praedicantem  fufius pracdicabat.  Anno  aetatis  28.  collegio  D.  Johan.  Baptistae  6x0- n iensis praefaiebalur,  arcbidiaconus  undin  ecclefia  Wellensi,  ac  in  aedibus Christi  ca- nonicus  ;  mo x  iifdem  aedibus  decams  praefuit.  Omnibus  tandem  qui  acaicmicos  beare  folenl  ho- nonbus perfur.clus  ad  Dunelmensem  decanatum  proveffus  eft.  Poft  aliquot  annos  major  de- canatu  fuccrevit  virifama,  ac  prono  in  cum  reginae  favore  Dunelmensis  epiftopus  eccleftae conftituitur.  Cui  cum  praefuerat  annos  circiter  xn.  fere  niff  mi  regis  Jacobi  atlfpiciis  ad  ar- chiepifeopatum  Eboracen.  tranflalus  eft.  Non  potuit  enimtanta  indoles,  quocunque  vergeret, w.fra  fummum  fe  ftftere.  .  Htfce  gradibus  ad  tantum  culmen  evafit,  virtutes  quibus  illud  orna¬ vit  non  capit  marmory  hiftoricum quaerunt,  non  fculptorem.''  Inter  caetera,  hofpitalitatis  laus pene  ilhus  propria  fuit  ;  Tobiae  aedes  et  divitum  aula  el  pauperum  Xenodochium  in¬ dies  fuere.  Cathcdram  hanc  tenuil  ann.  22.  rara  felicitate  ;  cum  fexagenarius  eandem  occupave- rat,  vix  ad  extremam  feneffutem  exaruit  dives  ilia  cotidonandi  vena-,  cumeratfeptuagenarioma- ,‘f’"°jncon eibmbtts  frequentior,  nemojelretor,  %emq_ quern  'in  aeternum  magis  audire  velis. Dejictentibus  ad pulpita  viribus  coepit  ipfe  flatim  languefcere  ;  quafi  fola  ilia  vitalis  aura  quam concionanao  hauferit,  nec  jludio  nee  labori  fitpereffe  voluerit..  Beatiffimus  fenex  impleto  aetatis anno  ft 2.  placide  emigravit  29.  Martii  1628.  Corporis  exuviae  fummo  cum  omnium  moerore hue illatae,  Christi  adventum  ex  peel  ant  et  aiiimam  reducem.  Noli  ilium  putare,  viator, ab  hoc  angufto  marmore  quicquam  nominis  mutuari ;  qitovis  auguftiffimo  maufileo  aUguftius  eft quod  hie  conditur.  Tobiae  nomen  et  tibi,  marmor,  et  huic  facrutiffimo  templo,  monumentiin- Jtar  quovis  acre  peremtioris. George  Monteign,  fixty  feventh  arcbbijhop. (p )  George  Monteign,  S.  T.  P.  was  aifo  bifhop  of  Durham ,  and  tranflated  hither  like  his  A two  predeceflors.  He  was  eleded  to  this.fee  June  6,  and  enthroned  in  the  fame  Off  24. 1628.  Scarce  warm;  m  his  church  ’ere  cold  in  his  coffin,  fays  Puller,  dying  Nov  6.  the lame  year,  and  was  buried  at  Cawood,  the  place  of  his  nativity. Mr  .-Torre  mentions  a  nuncupative  will  made  by  this  prelate  whilft  he  was  bifhop  o{  Lon- don,  whereby ;  he  gave  to >the  poor  of  Cawood,  where  he  was  born,  one  hundred  pound ;  and contoured  his  brother  Ifaac  Monteign  his  foie  executor.  This  laft  perfon,  as  the  epitaph teftifies,  ereded  a  monument  for  him  in  the  parifh  church  of  Cawood,  which  is  now  much decayed,  and  the  mfmption  farce  legible.  But  a  draught  of  it  was  taken  in  the  year 1641.  from  which  drawing,  now  in  the  office  of  arms,  the  annexed  print  was  engraven  The inhabitants  of  Cawood,  by  tradition,  ffiew  you  the  hoafe  where  he  was  born  ;  and  it  is iomewhat  extraordinary  that  Ire  ffiould  go  a  poor  boy  from  that  town,  being  only  a  farmer’s on,  and  retur n  to  it  archbifhop  of  I  ork,  dye  and  be  buried  in  the  place  where  he  firft  drew oreath.  His  other  preferments,  befides  what  I  have  mentioned,  are  expreffed  in  his  epi¬ taph  ;  which  was  made  by  ^the  noted  Hugh  Holland,  a  poet  of  that  age  ;  and  is  as  follows : (b  J  l deni  "A,  ■  ■  ■  i  j-  t  ‘  1 )  Another  pjnfter  if  we  give  credit  to  tie  old  Ifory in  Mr.  P  ‘  °f  “d  S8tag  it  i*.  £h eft,.  ' Quater 461  iToe  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. rhent •,  nor  is  there  a  (tone  of  any  kind  to  denote  where  he  was  buried.  For  want  of  an epitaph  take  Mr.  Eachard's  chara&er  of  him. “  He  died  full  of  years,  yet  was  he  as  full  of  honours.  A  faithful  fubjett  to  his  prince, “  an  indulgent  father  to  his  clergy*  a  bountiful  patron  to  his  chaplains,  and  a  true  friend “  to  all  that  relied  upon  him. John  Williams,  feventielh  archbifhop. A.  1641.  To  Richard  Neile  fucceeded  John  Williams ,  who  was  elected  hither  December  4,  1641 ; and  on  the  27th  of  June,  1642,  was  enthroned,  in  perfon,  in  the  cathedral.  The  king  and his  loyal  nobility,  fsfr.  being  then  at  York. This  man  was  born  at  Aber-Conway  in  Wales ,  and  had  Weljh  blood  enough  in  him  to ftyle  him  a  gentleman  ;  he  was  educated  in  St.  John's  college  in  Cambridge ,  where  he  was fellow,  and  anno  1612,  was  prodtor  of  that  univerfity.  Whilft  he  was  in  this  office  the Spanijh  ambaffador  came  to  Cambridge,  accompanied  with  the  lord  chancellor  Egerton ;  where with  the  gracefulnefs  ot  his  prefence,  ingenuity  of  his  difcourfe,  and  the  nice  condudt  of thofe  exercifes,  whereof  he  was  moderator,  he  fo  charmed  the  chancellor,  that  when  he took  his  leave  of  the  univerfity,  he  faid  publickly  to  Williams ,  that  he  had  behaved  him- felf  fo  well  in  his  treatment  of  the  amhafiador,  that  he  was  fit  to  ferve  a  king-,  and  that he  would  fee  him  as  much  welcomed  at  court  as  they  were  in  the  univerfity  ( c ). At  his  coming  to  London ,  he  became  chaplain  to  the  lord  chancellor  Egerton ;  which great  ftatefman,  taking  a  fancy  for  him,  let  him  into  feveral  mifteries  of  ftate.  Here  it was  that  our  prelate  firft  commenced  politician  and  courtier  •,  firm  to  retain  and  apt  to  im¬ prove  from  the  precepts  of  his  mafter.  So  dear  was  the  chaplain  to  his  patron,  that  the Jatter,  lying  on  his  death-bed,  afked  Williams  to  chufe  what  molt  acceptable  legacy  he  fhould leave  him.  The  doctor  flighting  money,  only  requefted  four  books,  being  that  noble  lord’s own  collections  on  thefe  heads, 1.  The  prerogative  royal.  3.  The  proceedings  in  chancery. 2.  The  privileges  of  parliaments.  4.  The  power  of  the  ftar-chamber. This  legacy  was  bequeathed  him,  and  the  doctor,  fays  Fuller ,  made  fuch  ufe  of  it,  that he  tranfcribed  thefe  four  books  into  his  own  brains.  Books,  adds  he,  that  were  the  four elements  of  our  Engljh  ftate  ;  and  he  made  himfelf  abfolute  mafter  of  all  the  materials  and pafiages  therein. Full  fraught  with  this  kind  of  knowledge  he  got  to  court,  and  by  favour  of  the  duke of  Buckingham  was  introduced  to  king  James ,  to  whom  he  prefented  his  four  books.  The king  regarding  him  as  an  able  man  to  ferve  himfelf,  firft  made  him  dean  of  Wejlminjler , then  bilhop  of  Lincoln ,  and  keeper  of  the  great  feal ;  which  place  he  enjoyed  all  the  days of  king  Janies. This  is  fufficient  to  give  a  notion  of  our  prelate’s  rife,  for  whilft  he  was  bilhop  of  Lin¬ coln  he  is  out  of  my  province  to  treat  on  ( d ).  Our  hiftories  are  full  enough  of  the  ufes  he  made of  his  former  politick  inftrudtions  -,  but  fo  ill  they  throve  with  him  that,  in  the  firft  year of  king  Charles ,  he  had  the  feals  taken  from  him,  and  was  fent  prifoner  to  the  tower. Here  he  continued  for  fome  time  ;  till  that  parliament  met,  fays  Fuller ,  which  many  fear¬ ed  would  never  begin  and  afterwards  had  the  fame  fears  it  would  never  have  an  end.  The  bi¬ lhop  of  Lincoln  being  looked  upon  as  the  propereft  advocate  to  defend  the  epifcopal  caufe, in  the  cafe  of  the  bifhop’s  votes  in  the  houfe,  which  the  king  knew  would  be  ftruck  at ;  he was  releafed  out  of  prifon,  and  to  make  him  amends  and  hearty  in  the  caufe,  the  archbi- Ihoprick  of  York ,  juft  then  vacant,  was  conferred  upon  him. How  he  behaved  in  this  affair  may  be  feen  at  large  in  my  lord  Clarendon's  and  Mr.  Ea¬ chard's  hiftories,  and  therefore  needlefs  to  be  repeated  here.  When  the  bilhops  were  ex¬ cluded  from  all,  our  prelate  retired  to  an  eftate  which  he  had  purchafed  in  Wales.  Here he  lived,  at  firft  in  perfect  duty  and  loyalty  to  his  fovereign,  and  fpared  neither  money nor  trouble  to  advantage  the  royal  caufe  -,  but  at  laftby  an  unaccountable  turn  of  politicks he  forfook  his  royal  mailer’s  intereft ;  and  joined  fo  heartily  with  the  rebels  that  he  changed his  lawn  for  buff,  and  commanded  at  the  liege  of  the  town  and  caftle  of  Aber-conway  ; both  which  he  reduced  to  the  obedience  of  the  parliament.  This  bold  ftep,  fays  my  au¬ thor,  acting  fo  directly  contrary  to  his  epifcopal  character,  gained  him  few  new  friends  at London ,  but  quite  loft  him  all  his  old  ones  at  Oxford.  It  is  true  he  faved  by  it  a  compo- fition  in  Goldfmith's-hall  for  his  eftate  but  his  memory,  adds  Fuller ,  is  ftill  to  compound  be¬ fore  a  tolerable  report  can  be  given  of  it.  It  is  of  this  prelate  Hudibrafs  lpeaks. More  plainly  than  that  reverend  writer Who  to  our  churches  vail'd  his  mitre ,  &c. He  was  very  modeft  in  his  converfation,  whatfoever  a  namelefs  author  fays  to  the  con¬ ic)  Lloyd’s  memoirs.  liflied  by  Dr.  Ha  (theft.  Londtn. \d)  The  life  of  this  prelate  at  large  is  wrote  and  pub- trary ; Chap.  I.  of  the  CHURCH  n/YORK. trary  •,  but  whether  this  was  any  virtue  or  no,  I  leave  to  the  fcquel  ;  when,  lays  my  au¬ thor,  I  am  certainly  informed,  from  fuch  who  knew  the  privacies  and  cafualties  of  his  in¬ fancy,  that  our  prelate  was  but  one  degree  removed  from  a  myfogynift.  Yet  to  palliate  his infirmities,  purfues  he,  to  females,  he  was  a  very  polite  addreffer  to  the  other  fex. He  lived  fome  time  in  great  obfcurity,  negledted  by  the  rebels  he  had  obliged,  and  de- fpifed  by  the  royalifts  whom  he  had  balely  deferted,  till  the  year  1650,  at  which  time,  on March  25,  he  died,  and  was  buried  in  Llandegay  church,  about  two  miles  from  Bangor. Mr.  Eachard  fays,  that  he  certainly  died  a  firm  proteftant  of  the  church  of  England  •,  for wanting  a  regular  prieft  to  do  the  laft  offices  for  him,  he  purpofely  ordained  an  old  honelt fervant  of  his  own  to  adminifter  the  facrament,  13c.  to  him  on  his  death-bed.  Mr.  Wil¬ lis  has  feen  his  monument,  which,  he  fiiys,  is  a  copartment  of  white  marble,  fixed  to  the wall  of  the  church,  and  contains  his  effigies  kneeling,  with  the  arms  of  the  fees  of  Lincoln , and  York,  and  deanery  of  Wejlminjler ,  feverally  impaled  with  his  own,  and  has  on  a  tablet this  infcription, Hofpes  lege ,  relege.  Quod  in  hoc  jaccllo ,  panels  nolo ,  hand  expedlar es. Hie  filus  eft  Johannes  Wilhelmus,  omnium  praefulum  celeberrimus , A  paternis  natalibus  e  familia  Wilhelmorum  de  Cogwhiilin  ortus, A  maternis  de  Griffith  is  de  Pentrin. Cujus  ftummum  ingenium ,  et  in  omni  gencre  litterarum  praeftantia Meruit ,  ut  regis  Jacobi  gratia  ad  decanatum  Sarum, Poft  Weftmonafterii  sveberetur  : Ut  fimul  atque  uno  munere  tanto  regi  ejjet  a  conftliis  fecretis  et  delitiis , Magni  ftgilli  cuftos  et  fedis  Lincolnienfis  epifeopus  : Quern  Carolus  primus  infula  epifeopat.  Eborac.  decoYaret. Omnes  feientias  valde  edcctns,  novem  linguarum  thefaurus , Thcologiae  purae  et  illibatae  medulla,  prudenliae  politicae  cortina , Sacrae,  canonicae ,  civilis,  municipalis  jdpientiae  apex  et  ornamenlum, Dulciloquii  cymbalum,  memoriae  tenacijfimae,  plujquam  humanae , Hiftoriarum  omnis generis  myrothecium, Magnorum  operum ,  ufque  ad  fumptum  viginti  mille  librarian,  ftrullcr. Munificentiae,  liber alitatis,  hoftpit  alitatis ,  lautiliae, Mifericordiae  erga  pauperes  infigne  exemplar ; Poftquam  inter  tempora  ludluofijftma, Salur  ejjet  omnium  quae  audiret  et  videret, Nec  regi  aut  patriae ,  per  rabiem  perduellium ,  amplius  fervire  potuit. Anno  aetat.  68,  expleto  Martii  25,  qui  fuit  ei  natalis, Summa  fide  in  Chrifto,  inconcujfa  erga  regent  fidelitate, Animam,  angina  extindlus ,  piijfime  Deo  reddidit. Nec  referl  quod  tantillum  monumentum,  in  occullo  angulo  pofitum, Tanti  viri  memoriam  fiervat , Cujus  virlutes  omnium  aetatum  tempora  celebrabunt. Abi ,  viator ,  Jat  tuis  occulis  debes. Accepted  Frewen,  [evenly  firft  archbijhop. After  the  death  of  Williams  the  fee  of  York,  during  the  times  of  anarchy  and  confufion ,  A- continued  vacant  ten  years ;  till  upon  the  happy  reftoration  of  church  and  monarchy.  Accepted Frewen,  D.  D.  bifliop  of  Litchfield,  was  nominated  to  this  fee,  and  inftalled  in  perl'on Odlober  11,  1660. He  was  the  eldeft  fon  of  John  Frewen ,  the  puritanical  re<5tor  of  Northiam  in  SuJJex,  fays Wood ,  and  indeed  his  very  name  carries  a  fymbol  of  his  father’s  faniflity  (e).  He  was  bom in  Kent,  educated  in  the  free- fchool  in  Canterbury,  became  a  ftudent,  and  afterwards  a  demy of  Magdalene  college  in  Oxford  where,  making  great  proficiency  in  learning,  he  was  ele¬ cted  fellow  anno  1612,  being  then  mafter  of  arts.  When  he  entered  into  holy  orders,  he became  a  frequent  preacher,  having  puritanical  inclinations  from  his  father.  But,  not- withftanding  that,  he  had  intereft  enough  at  court  to  get  to  attend  prince  Charles  in  his expedition  to  Spain  ■,  by  reafon,  fays  Eachard,  of  his  great  parts  and  abilities.  In  the  year 1625,  he  was  made  chaplain  to  the  kingi  and  the  next  year  was  eledled  prefident  of  hi§ own  college,  and  was  four  times  vicechancellor  of  the  univerfity.  He  was  a  prebendary  of Canterbury,  and  dean  of  Glocefter ,  afterwards  of  Wells,  and  in  1643,  was  confecrated  bilhop of  Litchfield  and  Coventry.  This  laft  preferment  was  little  better  than  titular,  the  hierarchy being  about  that  time  filenced ;  however  he  had  ample  amends  at  the  reftoration,  by  his promotion  to  the  fee  of  York ;  and  having  the  liberty  to  renew  leafes  in  both  bifhopricks,- which  muft  raile  a  vaft  fum. (e)  His  next  brother  was  called  Thankful.  Wood. This 464 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. This  prelate  was  a  Tingle  man,  and  To  ftriclly  nice  in  his  character  that  way,  that  he would  not,  as  I  have  been  told,  TufTer  a  woman  fervant  in  his  family.  Living  .in  this  Hate, and  the  great  opportunities  he  had  of  amafling  wealth,  yet  I  do  not  find  any  of  it  laid  out on  the  church,  or  in  charities.  It  is  laid  indeed,  by  Mr.  Neve,  that  the  Turn  of  fifteen thoufand  pounds  was  expended  fomewhere,  in  his  time,  and  of  his  treafure,  but  where  I  am not  able  to  find.  The  only  thing  of  this  kind  that  is  pirblickly  known,  is  the  new  build¬ ing  and  repairing  of  the  dining  room  and  chambers  over  it  at  Bijbopthorp ;  which  might probably  have  gone  much  to  decay  during  the  ufurpation.  The  time  he  fat  here,  indeed, was  fhort,  for  he  died,  at  the  above  mentioned  palace,  March  28,  1664;  anti,  on  the third  of  May  following,  was  buried  in  our  lady’s  chapel,  at  the  ealt  end  of  the  cathedral  i where  a  neat  monument  is  ere&ed  over  him. (f)  “  On  the  22d  of  Mty\  1663,  this  Accepted  Frewen^  by  divine  providence  archbifhop “  of  York ,  made  his  will,  proved  July  23,  1664,  whereby  he  commended  his  foul  to  Al- “  mighty  God,  hoping,  through  the  merits  of  Jefus  Chrifl  to  be  laved,  &c.  and  appoi  ;t- “  ed  his  body  to  be  buried  in  the  parilh  church  of  Norlhiam  in  Sujfex ,  &c.  He  bequeathed “  five  hundred  pounds  to  Magdalene  college,  Oxon>  where  he  was  bred ;  and  to  every  bilhop “  of  the  kingdom  a  ring  with  this  infeription  : NeQUE  MELIOR  SUM  'qua  M  PATRES  MET. Re.  19.  A.  F. His  epitaph  runs  thus, Hie  requiefeit  in  fpe  navjjimam  praejlolans  tubam Acceptus  Frewen, Johannis  Frewen  reSldris  ecclefme  Nordiamcnfis In  comlalu  Suflexiae  filius,  ttatu  maxima s , Sac.  Theol.  profejfor , Collegii  B.  Mariae  Magdalene  Oxonii  •, Annas  plus  minus  undeviginli  fraefes, Academiae  ibidem  quater  vice-cancellarius , Decanus  Glouceftriae, Pojlea  fattus  epifeop.  Covent,  et  Litchf. Deinde  arebiepifeopus  Eborac. £$ui  inter  vivos  effe  deftit  Mar.  28,  an.  Horn.  1664. Aetal.fuae  76,  pene  ex  alto. Richard  Stern,  /evenly  fecond  archbijhop. Richard  Stern ,  was  born  at  Mansfield  in  Nottingha mjhire  of  honed  parents,  as  his  epitaph exprefies ;  he  was  educated  in  Corpus  Chrifii  college  in  Cambridge ,  and  afterwards  made  ma¬ iler  of  Jefus  in  that  univerfity.  Whilft  he  was  in  this  fituation  he  became  very  inftrumen- tal  in  fending  the  univerfity  plate  to  the  king  to  fupply  his  necefiities.  For  which,  he  with vice-chancellor  Holdfworth ,  and  two  other  mailers  of  colleges,  were  fenc  for  up  to  London ,  and imprifoned  in  the  Yower  (g).  In  the  year  1643,  he  was  put  out  of  his  college  for  refilling to  take  the  covenant  •,  llripped  of  all  he  had  and  ufed  with  great  barbarity  befules.  At  this time  doctor  Stern  was  chaplain  to  archbifhop  Laud ;  and,  when  his  mailer  lowered  for  his loyalty,  he  Hood  on  the  fatal  fcaffold  with  him.  During  the  ufurpation  •  betook  himfelf to  the  country,  where  he  taught  fchool  for  his  livelihood,  and  lived  in  great  ookurity  and want  till  the  happy  rellauration.  Thefe  glorious  lufferings  recomm  .  ded  him  primarily  to the  gratitude  and  care  of  his  royal  mailer  king  Charles  II,  who  immediately,  upen  his  re¬ turn,  bellowed  on  him  the  bilhoprick  of  Carlifie.  From  whence  he  was  ti. inflated  hither April  28,  1664  i  and  on  the  tenth  of  June  following  inthroned  in  the  cathedral. The  epitaphs  of  our  archbilhops,  about  this  time,  and  before,  are  fo  lull  of  the  Heps  of their  preferments,  lives  and  characters,  that  there  needs  little  elle  be  faid  of  them.  Yet Dr.  Stern ,  fays  Mr .ff'illis,  would  havedelcrved  a  larger  encomium  than  moll  of  them,  had he  not  derailed  Hexgrave  in  Nottinghamjhire ,  to  his  Ion  and  his  Ton’s  wife,  from  this  fee  (b). For  whilft  he  fat  here,  lays  an  hiftorian,  his  whole  behaviour  was  worthy  of  the  high  lla- tion  he  bore ;  and  his  learning  is  bell  leen  by  his  accurate  book  of  logick  and  the  hand he  had  in  compofing  the  polyglot  bible.  He  is  alfo  much  lufpcCled  for  being  the  author  ot that  moll  excellent  divine  and  moral  treadle  called  the  whole  duty  of  man.  1  his  worthy prelate  built  the  new  buildings  at  the  end  of  the  ftables  at  Bi/boptborp  \  and  died  at  that  pa¬ lace  June  18,  16S3  ;  and  lies  interred  under  a  noble  monument,  in  St.  Stephen's  chapel,  at the  ealt  end  of  the  cathedral  *,  on  which  is  the  following  infeription, (f)  Torre  p.  230.  (h)  Thor  ot  on's  Idottlnghamfiire.  Willis  on  cathedra'. (g)  Fuller’s  church  hiftory.  churches. Hie p-vr#- CrtAi>.  I. ■of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK. Hie  fpe  futurae  gloriae  fttus  eft Richardus  Sterne,  Mansfeldiae  honejlis  parentibus  ortus : Tria  apud  Cantabricienses  collegia  certalim Ipfum  cum  fuperbia  arripiunt,  el  jaSlant  fuum , Sanctae  et  IndIviduAE  Tr  in! tatis  fcholarem. Corporis  ChrIst  i  focittm,  Jesu  tandem  pratfeclurn  mcritiffinunn. Gulielmo  Cantuariensi  martyri  a  facris  in  fatali  pegmate  aftitil ; Aufuc  et  ipfe  inter  peftimos  ejfe  bonus ,  et  vel  cum  illo  common , P often  bonefto  conftlio  nobili  formandae  juvenluti  operam  dedit , Ne  deejjent  qui  Deo  et  regi,  cum  licueril,  rite  fervirent : Quo  tandem  reduce  (cliarn  cum  apologia  et  prece)  rogatur Ut  CareeoLensis  ejji  epifeopus  "non  dedignaretur. At  non  till ,  magis  qiuim  foli ,  diu  latere  licuit : In  humili  ilia  provincia  Jdtis  conftitit  fe  Jintimarn  meruiffe , Aa  primatum  igitur  EboracenseM,  ut  plena  fplenderet  gloria,  eveRus  eft. In  utroque  itafe  geftit ,  ut  DeopHus  quam  fibi profpiceret ; Ecclefms  fpoliatas  otim  defuo  vel  dotavit,  vel  ditavit  atnplius. Non  ahtiquis  'ecclefiae  palribus  impar  fuijfet,  ft  coeavus; Omnis  in  illo  enituit ;  quae  antiftitem  deceat,  et  ornet ,  virtue, Gravitas,  fanflitas,  charitas ,  rerum  omnium  Jcientia , In  utraque  fortuna  par  animi  firmitas,  et  conftantia, Aequiffmus  uHqite  vitae  tenor,  regiminis  juftitia ,  et  moderatio  j In  fexto ftitpra  oblog'ejimum  antio  corpus  ereSlum , Oris  dignitas,  oculorum  vigor  auriumque,  animi  praeftenlia, Nec  ulla  in  ftenellule  faex,  fted  adbuc  ftos  prudentiae Satis  probarunt  quid  menfa  pojjit  et  vita  Jib'ria. Obiit  Jim.  1 8,  anno (  Salutis  1683. \Aetatis  ftuae  87. John  Dolben,  /evenly  third  archbifthop. John  Dolben ,  fo  n  of  William  Dolben,  D.  D.  of  a  very  ancient  family  at  Segrayd  in  the county  ot  Denbigh,  was  born  at  Stanwich  in  Northamptonjhire  1  of  which  pariih  his  father was  rector  He  was  educated  mW;ftminfter{&oo\,  and  at  fifteen  years  of  age  was  elefted icholar  in  C hnft-Churcb  OXon.  The  civil  wars  commencing  betwixt  king  and  parliament he  took  arms  for  the  royal  caufe ;  and  ferved  as  enfign  at  the  fiege  of  York,  and  battle  of Marfton-moor  ;  where  he  was  dangeroufly  wounded  in  the  fhoulder  with  a  mufket-ball.  He had  afterwards  his  thigh  bone  broke,  in  another  battle,  by  the  like  accident.  Upon  the furrender  ot  Oxford,  and  the  decline  of  the  king's  affairs,  he  went  to  his  college  again  ;  and ftaid  there  till  he  was  ejefted  from  his  Undent's  place  by  the  vifitors  appointed  by  parlia- mc?t’  H=‘henl™™d  and  llred  privately  in  Oxford,  till  the  king’s  reftdurnim.  Where with  Dr.  Fell,  and  feme  others  of  his  friends,  he  kept  up  a  congregation,  in  which  the common-prayer  was  read,  and  all  other  ufages  of  the  church  of  England  conftantly  folemnized When  his  royal  matter  was  reftored,  for  whofe  caufe,  and  his  father’s,  he  hadfo  often  ven¬ tured  his  life  he  was  firft  inftalled  canon  of  Cbrift-cbunh  ;  afterwards,  by  means  of  his  wife’s relation  the  then  bittiop  of  London,  Dr.  Sheldon,  he  was,  defervedly,  made  archdeacon  of ^d'hifl L  f  S  A* C  °fetl’  “  a  dT  °f  IVeJiminJier ■  I"  year  1 666,  he  was  confecra- ted  bill, op  of  Rocbefter,  and  made  the  king’s  almoner  ;  when,  fays  my  author,  (h)  that place  was  managed  to  the  great  benefit  of  the  poor,  with  great  juftice  and  integrity.  On the  26  of  July,  .1683,  he  was,  by  the  king’s  conge  d'  elire,  eleded  archbilhop  of  this  dio- cele,  and  enthromzed  in  perfon  Auguft  23.  following, .  yhis  prelate  was  a  man,  lays  Ant.  Wood,  of  a  free  generous  and  noble  difpofition,  and -Withal  of  a  natural,  bold  and  happy  eloquence.  And,  adds  our  Oxford  antiquary,  by  a  fort of  hereditary  right ,  he Succeeded  h,s  uncle  Williams  in  his  honours;  both  in  his  dean ry  of Weftmmfter  and  archbifhopnck  of  York.  He  died  at  Bijhopthorpe  of  the  fmall  pox,  La very  advanced  age  for  the  attack  of  that  diftemper,  April  „,  ,686,  aged  fix ty  three years.  He  lies  interred  m  the  fouth  choir  of  the  Minfter,  where  a  noble  tomb  /crafted worthy^prehre'  “  'nrcnptl0n  on  which  1  refer  the  reader  for  a  further  account  of  this Hie  fitus  eft Johannes  Dolben,  filius  Gulielmi  S.  Eh.  prof  efforts. Ex  antiqua families  in  Cambria feptentrionali  oriundus , JSatus  St  an  vie  i  in  ^Northami-toniensi  Martii  20,  A.  D.  1624, Anno  aetatis  12.  Regiam  fcholam  Westmonast.  aufpicato  ingreffus Singu/ari  iftius  loci  genio  plenus  15.  exivit. In  numerum  alumnorum  aedis  Christ  1  Oxon .  elefius. (ij  Woofs  At h. Oxon.  cd.  prim. 6  C 465 ■  1683. Exardenfe Book  II. 46  6 A.  16SS. ne  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES Epardente  bello  c'mili Partis  regia  i  fecutus  ejl,  in pugna  Mar§tonensi  vexillarius-, In  defenfione  Eeoraci  graviter  yulneratus, Effufo  [anguine  confer  avit  locum, ,  Qli)n  morti  fuae  dejlinalum. A.  D.  1 656,  a  rev.,  epifcop.  Cices?  r ens i  facris  ordinihus  initiatus , Injlaurata  )novcn;cbia  f aft  us  ejl-  aedis  .Christi  canonicus , Deinde  decanus  Westmon asteri ensis  ; Mox  Carolo.II.  regi  optimo  ab  oratorio  cleric  us, ' Epifcopuspojtea  Roffensis, Et  pofi  mvenmiim  regis  eleemofynarius  ; Anno  denique  1683,  nietropqlitae Ebor  acensis  honor e  cumulatus  eft. Hanc  provinciam  ingenti  ammo  et  pari  indufiria  admmjlravtt, Gregi  et  paftoribus  exemplo. Intra  30  circiter  menfes,  feculi  laboribus  exbauflis, Coelo  tandem  maturus, Letbargia.et  variolis  per  quatrufuum  lefto  afftxus, A.  D.  1686 ,  aet.  62,.potenlijjimi  principis  Jacobi  II.  altera ,  dtedommco , (Eodem  die  quo  praeeunte  anno  facras  fynaxes fn  ecclefia  fua  calbedrali  feptimanalm  celebrandas  inflituerat) Coelo  fruebatur. MoefHJfima  conjux  magni  Gilbert  1  Cantuar.  arcbiep.  neptis , Ex  qua  tres  liberos  fujcepit  Gilbertum,  Catharin.  et  Johan. Monumentumhocpofu.it Defideratiffimo  marito. In  aide  Christi  fub  Mm  aufpieiis  parlim  atlntHa, Bromleiensi  palalio  reparato,  coenobio  West monas.  eonfervato  ; In  femtK  et  eccUftis  eloquential  gloria  ,  in  dwecejlbus  Jim ’  Epifcopali  diligentia ; In  omnium  piorum  . animis ,  jujta  veneration!  femper  viSuro. Thomas  Lampl*gK,  feVenty fourth  archUJhop. The  fee  of  York  was  kept  vacant  by  king  Jams  II,  two  years  after  archbifhop  M* death  for  reafons  not  to  be  approved  of.  Upon  the  landing  of  the  prince  ot  Change,  and his  advancing  towards  Exeter ,  Dr.  Yhomas  LamplUgh,  bilhop  ot  that  fee,  in  a  Jgeecb,  ad- vifed  the  clervy  and  gentry  of  that  city  and  country,  to  Hand  firm  to  lung  James,  bat finding  the  tidfrun  too  ftrong  for  him,  he  left  the  place,  came  to  London,  and  prefented himfell'  to  the  king  at  Whitehall.  In  a  time  of,  almoft,  umverial  defeftion  from  the  longs inmreft,  this  aft  of  loyalty  of  the  bilhop’s  was  taken  fo  kindly,  that.hu  majefty  immedi¬ ately  tranfiated  him  si  York-,  where  he  was  enthromzed,  by  proxy,  December  19,  16b,., when  he  wasi  almoft  feventy  four  years  of  age.  .  r  ,  ,  ».  >  n011_ This  prelate  was  defeended  from  a  very  antient  family  in  Cumberland,  where  itWte riihed  many  centuries  under  feveral  knightly  honours.  Chnjh opher in  the  county  of  York,  his  father,  was  a  younger  branch  of  the  family  of  Lamplugb  ot  Taw Xzh \n Cumberland.  Our  prelate  was  born  at  Tbwing  in  this  county  but  educated  at StgBege's  l'chool  in  Cumberland,  and  from  thence  fent  to  Oxford-,  and,  when  mallei  ol  ins, was  Sen  fellow  of  Sueen's  college  in  that  univerfity.  His  other  preferments  were  the reftory  of  Binfield  in  Berkjhire,  and, afterwards  of  Carlton  in  Oltmore,  raw  0.™ ,  principal of  Man-ball,  archdeacon  of  London,  prebendary  ot  Worcefier  vicar °‘  ftl  j-  . “* fields  He/hninfler,  dean  of  Rochefter,  bilhop  of.  fixeter,  and  lalliy  archbifhop  of  2o'f In  the  ipurious  edition  of  Wood's  Athenae  Oxon.  printed  1721,  are  many  things  highly injurious  toT  charafter  of  this  worthy  prelate.  I  call  it  ipunous,  becaufis  it  is  mipoffibk that  author  Ihould  leave  fuch  notes  of  perfons  actions  behind  hint  whic  1  were  tranUcted after  his  own  death;  and  of  fuch  there  are  many  mftances  m  thls  a“r  ed  “°n;  fhe tors  of  it  therefore,  are  highly  to  blame  to  trump  upon  the  world  luch  things  under  til name  of  Anthony  Wood,  on  Anthony  himfelf,  notwithftanding  all  his  bjtternefc  would  ha been  alhamed  of.  In  ihort,  feme  of  thefe  Articles  contain  dired  Wfit.«  ,  *  I were  it  to  my  purpofe  to  do  it-,  but,  as  fuch,  they  are  not  woi  \  y  <  of archbifitop  is  alfohandfomely  vindicated  from  great  part  of  th.scha^e,  by ^  the m-u  hor the  preface  to  Dr.  Allellree's  fermons  ;  who  takes  notice  that  when  mat  great  Divine “  dertook*  one  of  the  kaurelhips  of  the  city  of  Oxford  in  order  <p: mftd l  principles  ofloy- “altv  there,  in  oppofltion  to  the  contrary  infufions  of  rebel  teachers,  whole  doctrine  I . .<  beCi  for  many  years  the  gofpel  of  that  place  ;  and  difeountenanced  by  none  ol  the  pa- 11  rochial  minift”  befides  U, Lamplugb  ”  Who,  adds  he,  bad  the  courage own  the  dotlrine  of  the  church  of  England  there  m  the  voorfl  of  times.  And  I from  ve^  good  authority,  that  wfen  he  was  ,  curate  at  Southampton  in  the  he.gli  o naticifm,  he  got  by  heart  almoft  the  whole  Liturgy  of  the  church  of  England,  whichte Kju'  wi’-erwicLJk'  Iolin  Dolben  dBan  £3.  3).  wnd  2!rdenda?y  Durham  yrandeoiv  ter and  loyal  prelate  dedieat&j  tku  plate  la)  Onanument  to  kid  Onemory  .  jJ$6 hu  once  futnia.  na, lanf' ■  twitt  iiiiii  i  mm  iiiiiiBiiiiiittttiiiiiittiiiii Chap. I.  ;  <j f\t!pe  CHU'R'CH  YORK, ufed  to  fpeak  off  book  to  his  hearers,  in  imitation  of  the  zealots  of  thofe  times.  Efpecial- ly  the  burial-fervice,  with  which  the  people  were  £o  taken,  that  the  relations  and  friends of  fuch  as  were  buried  frequently  made  him  prefents;  and  defired,  when  they  died  to  be buried  in  the  fame  manner  •,  but  he  acquainted  them  that  it  was  not  his  own  compofition, but  the  words  in  the  Liturgy  fo  much  then  fet  at  nought  and  defpifed. This  prelate  died  at  Bfthoplborp  May  5,  1691,  and  was  interred  in  the  cathedral,  to which  church,  confidering  his  fhort  reign,  he  had  been  an  eminent  benefaCtor.  An  account of  which  benefactions  th'e  reader  may  find  in  the  fequel.  By  his  will  he  left  his  private communion  plate  for  the  ufe  of  the  archbifhops,  his  fuceeffors,  in  Bijbopthorp  chapel  •,  and appointing  the  dean  and  chapter  to  be  keepers  of  it  in  a  vacancy  of  the  fee.  The  epitaph on  his  monument  runs  in  thefe  words, Hie In  fpe  refurgendi  depofitum  jacet Quod  mart  ale  Juit ReverendiJJimi . in  Chr  1  sto pairis  Thgmae  Lamplugh, Archiepifcopi  Eboraqensis,  S.  T.  P. Ex  anliq.ua  et  generofa  Lamplughorum  de  Lamplugh, In  agro  Cumbriensi  familia  oriu ndi. Qfti  Oxoniae  in  collegio  reginae  alumnus  et  focius , '  (Ubi  lit  eras  bumaniores  et  facras  bait fit) Aulae.S.  Alban  1  in  eadem academia  principalis. Ecclefiae  S.  Martini  juxta  Westmonasterium  vicarius, Decanus  Roffensjs,  et  anno  1 676,  epifeopus  Exonien? is  confecratus. "Tandem  ftlicet  dignitatem  multum  deprecatus ) In  fedem  banc  melropoliticam  evepti^s  eji  anno  1688,  menfe  Novembri. Vir  (ft  quis  alius )  per  varios  vitae  honor  unique,  gradus  feliabilis , ■  Ob  vitae  innocentiam ,  morum  probilutem, Verbi  divini  praedicationem,  chdritatem  in  pdtriam , Et  zelum  erga  domum  Dei  ecclefiam  AngLIcanam In  memoria  aeterna  cum  jujlis  fuliirus. Obdormivit  in  Dom.  5  Mail  an.falutis  1691,  net  at.  y6.  . *  Uxorem  habuit  Catherinam  filiam  Edwa r d i Davenant  S.  T.  P.  neptem  JoHAn^is Davenant  epifeopi  Sarisburiensis, E  qua  tulit  liberos  quinque  \  . ,  Thomas  liber or um  fuperfies ,, Hoc  monumentum P.  M.  P. John'  Shar  p,  f evenly  fifth  archbijhop. John  Sharp ,  D.  D.  was  confecrated  archbifhop  of  this  fee,  July  5,  1 69 1  ;  and  on  the  A fixteenth  of  the  fame  month  was  enthronized  by  proxy,  in  the  cathedral.  The  epitaph  on the  tomb  of  this  great  divine,  wrote  by  bifhop  Smallridge ,  his  contemporary  and  intimate acquaintance,  is  fo  full,  in  every  paticular,  as  to  his  promotions  and  perfonal  merits,  that it  would  look  like  aiming  at  a  tranfiation  of  that  correCt  and  noble  infeription,  in  which the  Latin  tongue  fhines  with  clafiical  luftre,  and  debafing  it  into  barbarous  incoherent  fen- tences  of  our  own  language,  to  attempt  his  character  from  it.  I  am  told,  however,  that the  life  of  this  molt  excellent  prelate,  from  his  cradle  to  his  grave,  is  drawn  up  by  his  fon Dr.  Sharp ,  now  archdeacon  of  Northumberland.  Every  one  that  is  acquainted  with  the eminent  qualifications  of  the  fon,  muff  know  that  he  is  capable  of  doing  juftice  to  his  fa¬ ther’s  memory.  I  fhall  therefore  add  no  more  of  him,  than  that  he  died  at  Bath ,  Feb.  16, 1713,  as  much  lamented  as  a  man  in  his  ftation  could  be,  and  was  interred  in  his  own  ca¬ thedral  with  great  folemnity.  Over  him  is  put  a  noble  monument,  on  the  two  tables  of which,  above  and  below  the  figure,  is  the  following  infeription, M.  S. Reverendiffimi  in  Christo  pairis Johann  is  Sharp  archiepifcopi  Eboracensis, Qui Honejlis  parentibus  in .  hoc  comitatu  prognatus , Cant  abrigiae  oplimarum  artium  Jludiis  infiutritus , Turn  foli ,  unde  ortus , Turn  loci ,  ubi  injlitulus  eft,  famam Sui  nominis  celebritate  adauxit. Ab  academia  in  domum  illuftriffwii  dom.  Heneagii  Finch, Tunc  temporis  altornati  generalis. Summi 4<S8  The  HISTORY  ^ANTIQUITIES  Book  IL Summi  poftea  A  n  c  l  i  a  e  cancellarii , Virtutum  omnium  allricem  fautricemque  evocatus , £/  facellani  minifteriutn  diligenter  abfolvit , A*  facerdotis  dignitatem  una  fujlinuit. Palis  tantique  viri  patrocinio  adjutus, Et  natura  pariteC  ac  dotlnnae  dotibus  plurimum  commendatus  *, Perablo  cite  munenm  eccleftafticorum  curfuy Cum  parocbi ,  ctrcbidiaconi ,  decani  officia Summa  cum  laude  praeftitiffety Ob  eximid  erga  ec  cleft  am  Anglicanam  wn/a Quam  iniquiftimis  temporibus ,  magno  fuo  periculo Contra  apertam  pontificiorum  rabiem Argument  is  invittiflimis Afferuerat ,  propughaverat,  ftabiliverat ; Apojlolicae  Jimul  veritatis  pra'eco,  ac  fortitudinis  aemulus , Faventibus  Gut  ielmo  et  Maria  regibus , Plaudenlibus  bonis  omnibus , Ad  arcbiepifcopalis  dignitatis  fajligiuth  tandem  eveclus  eft. Nec  bujufce  tantum  provinciae  negolia  fatis  ardua  feliciter  expediitt Sedet  Annae  principum  optimae  turn  a  confiliis ,  /kztz Eleemofynis ,  fuit  ■, Quas  utcunque  amplaSy  utcunque  diffluent  es, Ne  quern  forte  inop  tun  a  fe  triftem  dimitt eret De  fuis  faepenumero  facultatibus  fupplevit. Below. Eral  in  fermone  apertuSy  comis ,  affabilis  ; In  concionibus  proftuenSy  ardens ,  nervofus In  explicandis  tbeologiae  cafuifticae  nodis DiluciduSy  argutuSy  promptus ; /«  cximendis  dubitantium  fcrupulis , Utcunque  naturae  bonilate  ad  leniores  partes  aliquanto propenftor + Aequi  tamen  reBique  cuftos  femper  fidijjimus. Primaeva  morum  fimplicitate, Inculpabili  vitae  tenore, Propettfa  in  calamitofos  benignitate , Diffufa  in  univerfos  benevolentia , z#  amicos  perpetuo  ac  ftngulari Inter  deterioris  Jacculi  lenebras  emicuit, Purioris  aevi  lumina  aequavit. Tam  acri  rerum  coeleftium  deftderio  flagrabat , Cfr  folis  inhianSy  barum  unice  avaruSy Terrenas  omnes  neglexerity  fpreverity  conculcarit. Eo  erat  erga  Deum  pietatis  ardore , Ut  ilium  totus  adamaverity  fpiraverity Ilium  ubique praefentem , Ilium  femper  intuentem Animo  fuo  ac  ipfts  fere  oculis  obfervaverit. Publicas  hafce  virtutes  domefticis  uberrime  cumulavity Maritus  et  pater  amantiftimuSy Et  a  conjugey  liberifque  impenfe  dileftuSy Quiy  ne  deejfet  etiam  mortuo  pietatis  fuae  teftimoniumy Hoc  marmor  ei  moercntes  pofuerunt. Promotus Ad  archidiaconatum  Bercherienfem  2o  Feb. 1672. Canonicatum  Norvicenfem  26  Mart.  1675. Reftoriam  S.  Bartholomaei  22  Apr.  1675. Sanfti  Egidii  in  campis  3  Jan.  1675. Decanatum  Norvicenfem  8  Julii  1681. Cantuarienfem  25  Nov.  1689. Archiepifcopatum  Eboracenfem  5  Julii  1691. N  a  t  u  s Bradfordiae  in  boc  comitatu  16  Feb.  1644. In  academiam  cooptatus  16  Apr.  1660. Gradus  fufcepit Artium  baccalaurei  26  Dec.  1663. Artium  magiftri  9  Julii  1667. Sanbtae  tbeologiae  profeftoris  8  Julii  1679. Bathoniae  mortuus  aetat .  fuae  69,  2  Feb.  1713. Sepultus  eodem  quo  natus  eft  die  Feb.  16,  1713. Sir Shar j,..a0.7*. of  Rotlibuiy, monument-  tc  (A/ ^Northumberland,  Sfc,  /> reve'. lomas Ip*’" Chap.  I. of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK. 4^9 Sir  William  Dawes,  hart,  [evenly  ftxth  archbijhop. Queen  Ann,  upon  the  death  of  the  former  worthy  and  mod  reverend  prelate,  immedi-A.  ,7,3. ately  tranflated  fir  William  Dawes ,  bart.  from  the  bifhoprick  of  Chefter  to  this  fee.  The quick  nomination  of  this  gentleman  proceeded,  as  is  verily  believed,  from  his  predecefiqr’s recommendation  of  him  to  her  majefty,  as  a  perfon  every  way  qualified  to  fucceed  him. He  was  elefted  ten  days  after  the  former  died ;  and  was  inthroned,  by  proxy,  March  24. following. Sir  William  Dawes  was  born  at  Lyons  near  Braintree ,  in  Ejfex,  anno  1671,  of  an  honour¬ able  and  once  very  opulent  family  •,  fir  Abraham  Dawes ,  our  prelate’s  great  grandfather, being  efteemed  one  of  the  richeft  commoners  of  his  time.  By  following  the  fortunes  of the  royal  martyr ,  they  in  a  great  meafure  loft  their  own  *,  and  his  fon,  unable  to  recompence them  in  their  eftate,  beftowed  a  title  upon  the  family,  fir  John  Dawes ,  father  to  the  arch- bifhop,  being  created  baronet  the  fourteenth  of  Charles  II. Our  prelate  had  his  firft  rudiments  at  Mer chant -"Taylor* s  fchOol  in  London  ;  from  whence anno  1687,  he  was  fen t  to  St.  John’s  college  in  Oxford-,  of  which,  in  two  years  time  he was  made  fellow.  He  was  the  youngeft  of  three  ions  his  father  had  i  and  the  two  eld<?ft dying  fo  dole  together  that  one  poll:  brought  him  the  news  of  both  their  deaths,  the  title and  eftate  of  the  family  defeended  to  him.  After  this  he  removed  himfelf  to  Catherine-hall in  Cambridge,  as  a  fellow  commoner  •,  and  commenced  mafter  of  arts,  at  a  proper  ftanding, in  that  univerfity.  His  original  defign  of  entering  into  holy  orders  was  not  diverted  by the  acquifition  of  his  title  and  fortune  ;  and  the  college  of  which  he  was  a  member,  having a  defire  to  chufe  him  their  mafter,  he  was  made  dodlor  in  divinity,  in  order  to  it,  by royal  mandate,  at  twenty  feven  years  of  age  ;  and  was  the  next  year  vice-chancellor  of  the univerfity.  His  other  preferments,  befides  the  mafterfhip  of  Catharine -hall ,  was  the  dean- ry  of  Booking  in  Kent ,  prebendary  of  and  one  of  the  queen’s  chaplains.  Anno 1708,  the  bifhoprick  of  Chefter  becoming  void,  her  majefty  gave  it  to  fir  William ,  as  to a  perfon  every  way  deferving  fuch  a  dignity  in  the  church.  And  from  thence  he  was  tranf- lated,  as  I  faid  before,  to  the  archbifho prick  of  York. This  gentleman ,  and  fuch  indeed  he  was,  as  well  as  chriflian  bijhop,  was  a  very  great  or¬ nament  to  the  high  ftation  he  enjoyed.  Being  of  a  noble  and  majeftick  perfonage,  and  a fweet  engaging  behaviour,  kind  and  refpectful  to  his  clergy,  and  human  to  all  the  world  j no  wonder  the  lofs  Of  fuch  a  governor  is  fo  long,  and  fo  fenfibly,  felt  in  this  diocefe. The  miidnefs  and  indulgence  that  this  prelate,  and  his  excellent  predecefTor,  fhewed  to their  clergy,  and  to  every  one  elfe  that  they  had  any  authority  over,  will  ever  be  remem¬ bered  by  them.  They  were  fent,  and  they  actually  executed  that  chriftian  office,  not  to Jlaeer  and  fleece ,  but  to  defend,  protect,  and  cherifh  the  flock  committed  to  their  care. No  cries  of  widows  or  orphans  purfued  them  for  fcandalous  extortions  in  renewing  their leafes nor  was  the'  church’s  patrimony  raked  into,  and  plundered  to  the  detriment  of  it and  their  fucceffors.  In  fine,  he  was  fnatched  away  from  us  by  the  angry  hand  of  pro¬ vidence,  much  too  immaturely  *,  for  his  age,  health,  conftitution  and  remarkable  tempe¬ rance  feemed  to  prognofticate  length  of  days  to  himfelf,  and  of  confequence,  a  longer  hap- pinefs  to  his  diocefe.  He  died  of  afeaver,  attended  with  a  diarrhoea ,  at  his  houfe  in  Suf- folk-ftreet,  London ,  April  30,  1724,  aged  fifty  three  years,  and  was  buried  in  the  chapel belonging  to  his  college  in  Cambridge ,  near  his  lady.  There  is  no  monument  as  yet  put up  over  this  worthy  prelate,  which  makes  me  more  copious  in  the  recital  of  his  prefer¬ ments  and  character  •,  and  if  the  reader  defires  to  fee  a  larger  account  of  his  family,  of himfelf,  or  of  his  pious  writings,  he  may  find  it  in  the  preface  to  the  laft  edition  of  his fermons. Lancelot  Blackburn,  feventy  feventh  archbijhop. A.  1724. 6  D A  CA- 470 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. A  CATALOGUE  of  the  Succejfon  of  the  Archbishops  5/ YORK, •with  their  contemporary  Popes  and  Kings. Biffsops  or  popes  of Anno Kings  of  Northumberland,  1 Rome. Dom. Archbifhops  of  York. Cfc. Honorius  I. 625. 1.  Paulinus. Edwin. Vitalianus. 663. 2.  Cedda. Ofwyn. 666. 3.  S.  Wilfrid. Donus 677- 4.  Bofa. Egfrid. Agatho. 692. 5.  St.  John  of  Beverley. Gregory  II. 718. 6.  Wilfrid  II. Ofric  II. Gregory  III. 73i- 7.  Egbert. Ceolwulph. Sede  vacante. 767- 8.  Coena,  or  Adelbert. Ethelwald. Adrian  I. 780. 9.  Eanbald. Edelred. Leo  III. 797- 1 0.  Eanbald  II. Aired. 812. 11.  Wulfius. Gregory  IV. 832. 12.  Wymond. Danif/j  kings  or  gover- Leo  IV. 854- 13.  Wilferus. nours. Benedict  IV. 900. 14.  Adelbald. Edward,  fen. John  XI. 921. 1 5.  Lode  ward. Edward,  fen. Stephen  VII. 930. 16.  Wulftan  I. Eadmund. Agapetus  II. 955- 17.  Ofkitel. Ed  red. John  XIV. 971. 18.  Athclwald. Edgar. 971. 19.  St.  Ofwald. John  XVI. 992. 20.  Adulph. Ethelred. Silvefter  II. 1002. 21.  Wolftan  II. Benedict  VIII. 1025. 22.  Alfric  Puttoc. Canute. Leo  IX. 1051. 23.  Kinfius. Edward  the  ConfelTor. Nicholas  II. 1060. 24.  Aldred. Alexander  II. 1070. 25.  Thomas,^. William  the  Conqueror. Pafchal  II. 1 100. 26.  Gerard. Henry  I. > 1 107. 27.  Thomas  jun. 1 1 14. 28.  Thurftan. Innocent  II. 1 140. 29.  Henry  Murdac. Stephen. Anaftafius  IV. 1 J53* 30.  St.  William. 11 54. 31.  Roger. Henry  II. Celeftine  III. 1 190. 32.  Geofry  Plantagenet. Richard  I. Innocent  III. 1216. 33.  Walter  Grey. John. Alexander  IV. 1256. 34.  Sewal  de  Bovil. Henry  III. 1258. 3 5.  Godfrey  de  Ludham. Clement  IV. 1265. 36.  Walter  Giffard Nicholas  III. 12  79- 37.  William  Wickwane Edward  I. Honorius  IV. 1285. 38.  John  le  Romane. Boniface  VIII. 1296. 39.  Henry  de  Newarke. 1299. 40.  Tho.  Corbridge. Clement  V. i3°5- 41.  Will,  de  Grenefelde. John  XXIII. I3I5- 42.  William  de  Melton. Edward  II. Benedid  XII. 1340. 43.  William  le  Zouch. Edward  III. Innocent  VI. 1352- 44.  John  Thorefby. Gregory  XI. 137 4- 45.  Alexander  de  Nevill. Urban  VI. 1388. 46.  Thomas  Arundel. Richard  II. Boniface  IX. 1397- 47.  Robert  Waldby. 1398. 48.  Richard  le  Scrope Innocent  VII. 1406. 49.  Henry  Bowet. Henry  IV. Martyn  V. 1426. 50.  John  Kempe. Henry  VI. Nicholas  V. 1452. 51.  William  Bothe. Paul  II. 1464. 52.  George  Nevill. Edward  IV. Sixtus  IV. H77- 53.  Laurence  Bothe. 1480. 54.  Tho.  de  Rotheram. Alexander  VI. 1501. 55.  Thomas  Savage. Henry  VII. Julius  II. 1508. 56.  Chrift.  Baynbridge. Leo  X. 1514. 57.  Thomas  Wolfey. Henry  VIII. Clement  VII. 1531- 58.  Edward  Lee Paul  III. 1544. 59.  Robert  Holgate. Anno Rest- 9- 12. 1 6. 25- 7- 9- 20. 5* 1. 10. >5- 5- 18. 4i- 43- 5i- 7- »3- 2  6. 27. 34- 1 1. 1 6, 28. 48. 9- 4- 31' 3- 16. 20. 16. 24. 6. 23- 36. 5 I/)£  l>  f</ . T/r  /ire/ent  Arm, Z  OUCH.  1 ARUNDEL TH ORE  SHY. MELTON. S.  TITLLLAM. |  L.BOTHE. W.BOTHE. KEMPE. SCR  OPE. BOWET. holgate. BJYNBRWGE. WOLSEY HUTTON. SANDYS ]  1  NEILE ERETIEN. WILLIAMS \blackburn\ DAUBS SHARP. YOUNG. GRINDAE. M0N2AIGn\  [ \MAT  THEWS DOLBEN.  1 LAMPL  UGH. STERNE. |  HEATH.  1 Chap.  I. The  pope's  authority ceafes  in  England. of  the  CHURCH  o/YORK. Anno Arcbbijhops  of  York. Kings  of  Northumberland, Anno Dorn. &c. Reg. 1 555- 60.  Nicholas  Heath. Philip  and  Mary. 1  and  2 1561. 6 1.  Thomas  Younge. Elizabeth. 2. 157°- 62.  Edmond  Grindale. 12. 15  76- 63.  Edwyn  Sandys. 18. 1588. 64.  John  Piers. 30. 1594- 65.  Mat.  Hutton. 36. l6o6. 66.  Tobias  Matthews. James  I. 1628. 67.  George  Mountain. Charles  I. 3. 1629. 68.  Samuel  Harfnet. 4.  . 1631. 69.  Richard  Neile. 6. 164I. 70.  John  Williams. 1 6. l660. 7 1.  Accepted  Frewen. Charles  II. 12. 1664. 72.  Richard  Sterne. 16. 1683. 73.  John  Dolben. 35- l688. 74.  Thomas  Lamplugh. James  II. 4- 169I. 75.  John  Sharp. William  III. 3. I7I3- 76.  Sir  William  Dawes. Ann. 12. 1724. 77.  Lancelot Blackburne George  I. 10. CHAP. 471 the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES Book  II. CHAP.  II. The  particular  hiftory  of  the  fahrick  of  the  cathedral  church  of  York; from  its  firft  foundation  to  the  prefent  condition  of  that  noble  truttme. With  the  J cite  of  the  tombs ,  monuments ,  refpeEhve  epitaphs ,  tcc. f  >  O  much  has  been  faid  in  the  preceding  chapter,  on  the  converfion  of  the  Saxons  to ^  the  chritlian  faith,  that  there  needs  no  repetition  of  it  here.  What  is  properly  intro- duftorv  to  this  fubjeft  is  the  baptifm  of  Edwin  the  Saxon  king  ;  whom  when  Paulmus the  bitT  d  nfluence  to  receive  the  facred  layer  from  his  hands ;  and  a  day  was  appoin- ed  »  perform  "he  ceremony  ;  the  whole  city  oCTork  was  at  that  time  reduced  to  fo  low  an ebb  by  the  late  devaftations,  that  it  could  not  afford  a  temple  big  enough  for  the  occafion. Whether  the  Roman  ftruflures  were  then  quite  erafed  in  the  city,  as  well  as  the  Bn Ujh churches  which  Monmouth  tells  us  Aurelius  firft,  and  afterwards  king  Arthur ,  took Audi "rebuild  and  reftore  to  their  former  glory  I  (hall  not  opon  me  t  e But  it  is  certain,  by  venerable  Bede's  account,  that  no  place  was  then  found  in  the  city,  or at  lead  was  thouvte  proper  by  the  prelate,  for  initiating  fo  great  a  king  into  the  myftenes of  our  moft  h0!y°re]igion.  A  little  oratory  of  wood  was  therefore  occafiona  ly  thrown  up, in  the  very  place  where  the  great  church  now  (lands,  and  dedicated  to  St.  Peter.  In  which, on  EaZdal  being  April  12,  627,  one  hundred  and  eight  years  after  the  coming  of  the Saxons  Zto  BrSfthi  king’and  his  two  Tons  Osfrid  and  Edfrid,  whom  he  had  by  a  former wife  with  many  more  of  the  nobility,  were  folemnly  baptized.  ...  ,  „  r  , A.  DCXXvil  The  ceremony  over,  fays  Bede ,  the  prelate  took  care  to  acquaint  the  king,  that  fince  he waTtec™»;  h'e  ought  to  build  an  houfe he  now  adored;  and  adequate  to  the  power  and  grandeur  of  fo  mighty  a  monarch  as  him felf  By  the  bilhop’s  difeftions  he  began  to  build  a  magnificent  fahrick  ot  fione,  ipfo  m locoCa)  where the teher  flood,  and  in  the  midft  of  which  enclofed  the  oratory  already  e- refted^  For  as  the  carrying  on  a  work  of  this  nature  muft  alfo  be  a  work  ot  time,  the  ora¬ tory  a'forelaid  was  to  ferve  for  the  folemnizing  the  divine  offices  till  the  other  was  fimfhed. The  budding  w  nt  on  very  fall,  but  fcarcely  were  the  walls  erefted,  that  is  fo  far  as  to come  to  roofng,  when  J  royll  founder  wis  (lain  the  prelate  forced  to  fly  the  country, and  the  fahrick  left  in  the  naked  condition  it  was  jult  arrived  to.  ,  .  , Bede tells ufTt  thif  firft  temple  of  (lone  was  a  ( b)  fquare  building,  and  that  ,t  was  alfo dedicated  to  St  Peter  ;  the  feafl  of  which  dedication  was  very  anciently  inftituted,  and  long held  m  this  church,  with  great  folemnity,  annually,  on  the  firft  da, •  Mr  and  faten days  following.  The  order  for  making  this  a  double  fefttval,  fays  Torre , *7n  the6  ruinous  condition  defcribed  above  did  Wilfrid  find  it  on  his  being  -chbifhop of  this  province  in  the  year  669.  The  prelate  much  troubled  fays  Bede,  at  the  ulage  the church  ted  undergone,  being  then  fo  defolate  as  to  be  fit  only  for  birds  to  build  their  nefts A.  DCLX.X.“a^u“witgthe’utmoftSvigourto  repair  and  reftore  it  to ,  its  former  grandeur  The walls  he  repaired,  fixed  on  the  roof,  took  care  to  cover  all  with  lead,  and  glaz.d  the  win dows  to  preferve  it  from  the  injuries  of  the  weather,  and  prevent  the  birds  from  defiling ft 7c).  &  who  wrote  the  life  of  Wilfrid,  and  who  is  faid  to  have ^  flourdhed abou  jhc year  720,  gives  this  account  of  the  cathedral’s  firft  reparation.  It  is  pla in  by  both ,  his  telti mony,  and’  that  of  venerable  Bede,  contemporary,  that  mafonry and  g  hz ng  we  e uk  1  here long  before  BetiediSi  the  monk,  who  is  put  down  as  the  firft  introducer  of ^An'cfnow,  by  the  hand  of  providence,  the  church  flood  and  flour^ed’InU^he[ch five  beneficence  of  its  fpiritual  governors,  for  near  four  hundre  J  '  _  '  .  wjiac  or  how veral  additions  and  reparations  muft  have  been  made  to  it  by  the  ,  ,  ’ A.  DCCLX  hiftory  is  (Pent  in.  Except  the  library  bellowed  upon  it  by  archbifhop  Egbert ,  and  th  s  ex (  b )  Templum  per  quadrum  aedific.  Bede. (c)  Culmtna  corrupt  ate  Eh  renovans,  artiftciose  plumbo  pu- ro  teoens,  perfenejlras  mtroitum  avium  e t  imbrium  vitro  pro- •  ’  ,  per  quod  tamen  intra  lumen  radiabat.  Vita  S.  Wil- (  a  )  jn  quo  poflmodum  loco  per  quadrum  aedificata  baji li¬ eu  do  cl  oh  fuo  Paulino  fedem  epifeopatus  dedit.  Bede.  Ger- vaf.  act.  pont.  Cant.  Dsp  pe  tuning  fealb  Pauline hij'ccp-pe'd,  1  t>*jr  he  her  epr  timbpian  op  p*11*- Chron.  Saxo  >.  p.  28. fridi  Eddio  Stephano, Inter  feript.  xv.  ed.  Gale. traord  inary CHAP.it.  of  CHURCH  of  YORK.  473 traorditiary  donation,  which  our  Alcttfy  gives  To  high  an  encomium  of,  became  the  rich  farm-  Gathedi- ture  of  our  church  about  ,  the  year  740,  of  which  I  fhall  be  more  particular  in  its  propet  Chvrch place. During  the  DaniJ h  invafions,  which  Werecarried  on  with  fire  and  lword  quite  through the  kingdom,  our  city,  and  confequently  the  cathedral,  muft  have  fhared  the  fame  fate  j though  no  account  appears  of  the  latter’s  misfortunes  till  the  year  1069.  And  then  the  A- 10^9- Northumbrians ,  aided  by  the  Danes ,  feeking  to  throw  off  the  conqueror's  tyrannical  yoke, the  garifons  in  the  caftles,  as  has  been'  more  largely  treated  on  in  the  annals  of  this  work; fearing  leaf!:  the  houfes  in  the  fuburbs  fhould  ferve  the  enemy  to  fill  up  the  motes  and  ditches; fet  fire  to  them  •,  which  fpreading  by  an  accidental  wind  farther  than  it  was  defigned,  burned down  great  part  of  the  city,  and  with  it  our  cathedral  fell,  in,  almoft,  one  common  ruin. The  ancient  fabrick  thus  deftroyed  and  laid  in  alhes^  the  canons  of  the  church  were  ex- pulled  from  their  flails,  and  the  revenues  of  it  liezed  into  the  conqueror’s  hands.  But after  fome  time  having  made  'Thomas  his  chaplain  and  treafurer,  archbifhop  of  this  pro¬ vince,  the  temporalities  were  reflored  to  him.  And  this  prelate  took  polfeftion  of  his  church  A-  ,07°- and  diocefe,  at  a  time  when  both  were  made  defolate,  and  near  totally  deftroyed; Thomas ,  however,  fet  himfelf  heartily  to  work  to  reftore  them  to  their  former  fplendor. The  church  he  rebuilt,  much  larger  and  nobler  than  it  was  before,  recalled-  the  banifhed ecclefiafticks,  filled  vacancies,  and  in  fhort  cftablifhed,  in  every  particular,  the  fabrick,’  in as  good,  or  better,  condition  than  ever  (H). Once  more  raifed  to  grandeur,  the  church  continued  in  great  profperity  till  the  year  1 1 37  •,  A-  1 1 37 when  June  4,  a  cafual  fire  began  in  the  city,  which  burned  down  the  cathedral  again  •,  and along  with  it  St.  Mary's  abby,  and  thirty  nine  parifh  churches.  This  accident  happened in  the  epifcopacy  of  archbilhop  Thufflan  •,  rind-  we  find  an  indulgence  granted  foon  after,  by Jocel\he  bifhop  of  Sarum  fetting  forth,  that  “  whereas  the  metropohtical  church  of  York “  wtis  confumedby  a  new  fire,  and  almoft  fubverted,  deftroyed,  and  miferably  fpoiled  of “  its  ornarhents,  therefore  to  fuch  as  bountifully  contributed  towards  the  re-edification  of  it, “  he  releafed  to  them  forty  days  of  penance  injoyned  (e); Notwithftanding  this,  our  church  lay  in  afhes  all  the  time  of  archbifhop  Henry  Murdae , and  Sq  William ^  Thur flan's  immediate  fucceflors-,  until  Roger  archfeifhop',  anno  1 17  r,  be- A.  1171. gan  td  rebuild  the  quire,  with  its  vaults,  and  lived  to  perfect  them.  Afterwards  in  the reign  of Henry  III.  Waiter  Grey ,  Roger's  faccefibr,  added  the  fouth  part  of  the  crofs  ifle  of  A- i  227- the  church  i  for  we  find  that  anno  12.27,. ,  another  indulgence  was  published,  by  the  faid Walter ,  of  forty  days  relaxation,  &c\.  to. thole,  benefa&ors who  liberally  contributed  towards the  work  of  the  fabrick  thereof  (fj. . About  the  beginning,  of  the  reign  of  king  Edward  I,  John  le  Romain ,  then  tfea-  A.  1260. furer  of  the  church,  father  to  the  archbilhop  of  the  fame  name,  began  and  finilhed  the north  tranfept,  as  alfo  a  handfome  fteeple  in  the  midft^J.  His  ion  proved  yet  a  greater benefactor,  for  hiftory  informs  us  that  Apr.  y,  1291,  the  foundation  of  the  nave  of  this  great church  of  St.  Peter  Was  laid  from  the  weft  entfeaftward  ;  there  being  then  prefent  John  le  A-  ,29i- Romain  archbifliop,  Henry  de  Newark  dean,  and  Peter  de  R'ofs  fjrecentpr.of  the  church  ;  the reft  of,  the  canons  in  their  richeft  copes  attending.  Before  whom  the  faid  archbilhop,  invo- cating  the  gra.ee  of  the  holyghoft,  in  great  devotion  laid  the  firft  ftone  with  his  own  hands  (h). This  is  agreeable  to  the  account  the  table  bears  which  ftill  hangs  up  in  the  veftry,  containing thefe  words . a#.  & ^cc*c3i. Blnccpfum  eft  nofctun  opus  co^po^is  cccl.  cSbo<j. pec  Ho^jannem  Komanum  accfnep™  ejufbem ct  infra  cl  annos  qualt  completum  pec  Mil* liclmum  tie  spelton  accljtepifcopuni. William  de  Melton ,  archbilhop,  was  the  next. founder  •,  who  getting  together  good  work-  a.  1320. men,  fay s  Stubbs t  carried  on  the  building  his  predecelfor  had  begun,  and.  finilhed  the  weft end  with  the  fteeples  as  it  remains  at  this  day;  In  this  work  the  prelate  is*  faid  to  expend feven  hundred  pounds  of  his  own  money  •,  but  he  mull  have  had  large;  contributions  from the  nobility,  gentry  hnd  religious  devotees  of  that  age-,  to  enable  him  to  go.  through  with this  noble  performance.  Accordingly  our  records  furnifh  us  with  this  evidence  how  fome of  the  money  was  raifed. Dat.  kal.  ’Febcanno  1320.  ■ William  de  Melton ,  archbilhop,  granted  an  indulgence  of  forty  days*  relaxion  to  all  fuch well  difpofed  people,  as  pleafed  to  extend  their  charitable  contributions,  towards  the  build¬ ing  of  this  late  proftrate  fabrick  *,  whereby  he  might  be  the  better  enabled  to  finilh  fo  noble a  ftru&ure  then  newly  begun  (i).  -  And  again. ( ft)  Th.  Stubbs  act.  pont.  Ebor.  in  vita  Thomae  1 . ( e)  Ex  MS.  Torre,  p.  2.  ex  regijho  nwgno  albo  in  cujlo- (g)  Th.  Stubbs  aft.  pont.  Ebor. (h)  Th.  Stubbs. 474 C  A  T  H  E  D  R . Church. -i.  136.. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookII. u  On  the  firft  of  March  1352,  a  brief  ifiued  out  by  the  archbiffiop’s  authority  (John  Tho- rejby)  directed  to  all  abbots,  barons,  colleges,  archdeacons,  officials,  rural-deans,  parfons, vicars,  &c.  within  the  city,  diocefe  and  province  of  York  ;  requiring  and  exhorting  them, in  the  name  of  the  lord,  to  afk  and  demand  the  alms  and  charitable  benevolence  of  the  peo¬ ple,  and  caufe  the  fame  to  be  duly  collected  for  the  ufe  and  confummation  of  this  fabrick begun,  of  fo  noble  a  ftone  work  and  fo  laudable  a  ftrufture.  And, According  to  the  indulgences  already  granted,  letters  mandatory  iflued  out,  from  the chapter  of  York ;  directed  to  all  redtors,  vicars,  and  parochial  chaplains,  within  the  refpe- <5tive  prebends,  dignities  and  community  of  the  church,  enjoining  them  by  virtue  of  their canonical  obedience,  and  under  pain  of  the  greater  excommunication,  to  fuffer  their  col- le&ors  in  their  pariffies  and  chapelries  to  alk  and  gather  the  charitable  alms  of  the  people  for the  ufe  of  the  fabrick  of  this  church.  This  a  <51  of  chapter  was  dated  Fejto  S.  Mich, anno  1355  (k). Thefe  briefs  and  letters  mandatory  were  circulated  through  the  province,  in  order  to  raife a  fum  fufficient  for  John  Yhorejby ,  archbiffiop,  to  begin  and  carry  on  a  noble  defign  he  had formed  of  building  a  new  quire.  The  old  one,  built  by  Roger ,  being  like  the  old  nave  in its  ancient  pravity  and  deformity;  and  no  ways  anfwerable  to  the  weft  end  of  the  church lately  eredted.  Accordingly, On  the  twentieth  of  July  1361.7^  Yhorejby  archbiffiop,  together  with  the  chapter,  ta¬ king  into  confideration  that  this  cathedral  church  ought  in  all  relpedls  to  be  of  the  lame  uni¬ formity  and  proportion  :  And  that  the  quire,  a  place  peculiarly  affigned  for  offering  expia¬ tory  lacrifices,  and  exercifing  other  divine  offices,  more  efpecially,  ought  to  be  adorned  with the  neateft  ftrudlure.  And  that  in  this  church  of  York ,  there  was  no  place  luitable  where our  lady’s  mafs,  the  glorious  mother  of  God,  could  decently  be  celebrated.  Therefore  they unanimoufly  agreed  and  confented  to  begin  the  new  work  of  the  quire,  which  then  if  com¬ pared  with  the  new  eredled  nave  was  very  rude  and  diforderly,  and  fo  refolved  that  the  old quire  ffiould  be  wholly  taken  down  and  re-edified.  And  that  the  old  hall  and  chambers  of the  archbiffiop’s  manor  of  ^iiebnrn,  being  then  ruinous  and  unneceffary,  ffiould  be  demo- liffied,  and  the  ftone  and  other  materials  thereof  be  applied  to  the  work  of  the  new  quire which  was  then  with  all  expedition  to  be  carried  on  (l). Whereupon,  on  the  twenty  ninth  of  July  1361,  this  John  Tborejby ,  archbiffiop,  laid  the firft  ftone  of  the  new  quire  ;  and  the  fame  table  in  the  veftry  bears  this  teftimony  of  it : <3$,  $p.CCC.3U3|.  Blnceptum  eft  nobum  opn*  cfcou  wcl.  C-boj,  per  3|otjannem  be ©fnirsbp  arcfjtepifcopum. I  ffiall  next  beg  leave  to  fubjoin  an  account  of  what  this  pious  archbiffiop  bellowed  out  of his  own  private  purfe  to  carry  on  his  new  defign  ;  which  mull  be  allowed  extraordinary, confidering  the  value  of  money  then  and  now.  The  wages  of  workmen  about  this  time, according  to  biffiop  Fleetwood* s  cbronicon  pretiofum,  was  three  pence  a  day  to  a  mailer  mafon, or  carpenter,  and  three  half  pence  to  their  fetiabes  or  fervants.  A  pound  of  lilver  at  that time  was  a  pound  weight,  which  is  equal  to  three  pounds  of  our  prefent  money ;  fo  that  one hundred  pounds  of  lilver  in  thole  days,  would  buy  as  much  provilion,  or  pay  for  as  much work  done,  to  fpeak  within  compafs,  as  fifteen  hundred  will  do  now  ;  which  makes  our prelate’s  generofity  very  confiderable.  Nor  was  the  court  of  Rome  unmindful  of  furthering this  pious  defign,  but,  in  their  way,  granted  a  number  of  plenary  indulgences  which  mull alfo  raife  a  large  fum.  And  indeed  whoever  furveys  this  part  of  the  building  with  circum- fpedlion,  mull  imagine  that  it  could  not  be  carried  on  and  finiffied  under  a  greater  contribu¬ tion  than  I  believe  any  proteftant  country  could  now  raife  on  the  like  occafion.  But  to proceed, (m)Aug.  1,  1361.  archbiffiop  Thorefby  directed  his  letters  to  William  de kFicklef worthy  ordering  him  to  pay  into  the  hands  of  John  de  Codyngham , then  cujlos  of  the  fabrick,  thefunvof  one  hundred  marks  which  he  had  be¬ fore  given  to  the  new  foundation  of  the  quire  - Oft.  3,  1361.  he  gave  to  the  fabrick  more Apr.  5,  1362.  he  ordered  his  receiver  to  pay  uuto  Robert  Ryther ,  lord  of Ryther ,  twenty  pound  fterling,  being  the  price  of  twenty  four  oaks  bought of  him  for  the  ufe  of  the  fabrick  of  this  church  -  - Aug.  1 6,  1362.  the  faid  archbiffiop  paid  into  the  hands  of  the  cujlos  of  the new  work  of  the  quire  for  the  ufe  thereof Feb.  11,  1362.  he  gave  more  for  the  fame  ufe Apr.  1 8,  1363.  he  gave  -  — July  3,  1363.  he  gave  more  - Carried  over  470  100 /.  m. 100 100 100 (*)  Ex  MS.  Torre,  p.3. (l)  Ex  MS.  Torre  ab  act.  tapit.  mg. (m)  Ex  MS.  Torre  extract,  a  regijro  Thorefby,  p.  5. Nov.  3, Chap. I,  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK. Brought  over  - - -  _ November.  3,  1363,  he  commanded  his  receiver  to  pay  unto  John  de  Sand  ale and  John  de  Feriby ,  keepers  of  the  fabrick,  one  hundred  pound,  which he  had  given  towards  this  new  work  of  the  choir, July,  13,  1365,  he  contributed  more  —  _ Aug.  20,  1366,  the  archbifhop  iffued  out  his  precept  to  his  receiver  to  pay unto  Adam  de  Heredlay,  all  and  fingular  the  portions  of  that  fubfidy, formerly  granted  by  the  clergy  of  the  diocefe  of  York,  for  the  ufe  of  the minjler ;  and  at  the  fame  time  added  of  his  own  donation November  5,  1366,  he  gave  to  the  ufe  of  the  faid  work  another July  7,  1367,  he  bellowed  another  —  _ _  -  .  n April  2,  1368,  he  gave  to  the  fame  ufe  _  _ _ November  14,  1368,  another  - ..  ....  _ _ January  18,  1369,  he  like  wife  contributed  another  — —  _ July  28,  1370,  another  - —  _  _ November  15,  1370,  he  gave  more  -  -  - May  10,  1371,  he  ordered  to  be  paid  to  the  cups  - July  i5>  137  *■>  and  November  1,  1371,  he  bellowed  on  the  fabrick In  all  1670  140 Anno  1361,  archbimop  Thorejby  granted  an  indulgence  of  forty  days  relaxation  to  the benefadlors  oi  the  fabrick  to  this  new  choir. Likewife  pope  Innocent  VI.  ganted  another  indulgence  of  two  years  and  two  quarters  re¬ laxation  to  the  liberal  contributors  to  this  new  work. On  the  13th  of  February,  1361,  the  chapter  of  York  laid  an  impofition,  or  fubfidy,  of the  twentieth  part  of  all  ecclefiallical  benefices,  viz.  of  dignities,  prebends,  adminillra- tions,  and  offices  belonging  to  the  church,  for  the  neceflary  repairs  and  re-edification  of the  quire,  fteeples,  and  defeats  of  other  places,  (Ac.  To  continue  lor  the  term  of  three years  enfuing,  and  payable  at  the  fealls  of  the  purification  of  St.  Mary ,  her  nativity,  and St.  John  Baptijl,  by  equal  portions. In  the  year  1366,  pope  Urban  V .  granted  one  years  indulgence  to  the  charitable  bene¬ factors  of  the  fabrick  of  this  new  choir. And  pope  Urban  VI,  by  his  apollolical  bull,  dated  kal.  Aug.  anno  1379,  in  the  fecond year  of  his  pontificate,  granted  licence  to  the  dean  and  chapter  to  receive  the  fruits  of  the church  of  Mijlerton,  then  rated  at  thirty  five  marks  llerling  per  annum ,  during  the  fpace of  ten  years,  to  be  applied  to  the  ufe  of  the  fabrick  of  this  new  choir  ( n ). By  thefe,  and  other  like,  methods  of  railing  money,  a  vail  fum  mull  have  been  collected  ; which  not  only  enabled  the  undertakers  to  build  up  the  choir,  but  made  them  call  their eyes  on  the  lanthorn  lleeple  built  by  John  Romain  ;  which  now  feemed  too  mean  for  the reft  of  the  fabrick.  Encouraged  by  a  large  donation  made  them  by  Walter  Skirlaw ,  pre¬ bendary  ot  Fenton,  archdeacon  of  the  eaft  riding  ;  and  afterwards  made  bilhop  of  the  two fees  of  Litchfield  and  Durham,  the  old  lleeple  was  taken  down  and  a  new  one  ereCted.  The work  was  begun  anno  1370  ;  and  was  feven  or  eight  years  in  building.  I  pu'rpofely  omit giving  the  abftraCts,  which  Mr.  Torre  has  taken,  from  the  original  indentures,  betwixt  the feveral  workmen  concerned  in  the  building  and  the  mailer  of  the  fabrick  about  their  wages. I  lhall  only  take  notice  here  that  John  le  Plommer  of  Blake-fireet  covenanted  to  undertake the  whole  plummet’s  work  of  the  church,  and  to  perform  it  with  his  own  hands;  and  was to  have  for  his  wages  two  fhillings  and  fix  pence  per  week.  The  articles  of  agreement  in relation  to  the  glazing  the  windows,  efpecially  the  noble  eaft  light,  will  fall  better  in  an¬ other  place. And  we  now  fee  our  church  ereCled  in  the  manner  it  Hands  in  at  this  day.  If  we  com¬ pute  ihe-'ti me  it  was  in  building  from  the  firft  beginning  of  the  fouth  crofs,  by  Walter  Grey, which  was  about  the  year  1227,  it  will  appear  to  be  near  two  hundred  years  in  compleating the  whole.  For  though  the  work  went  on  brifkly  in  archbilhop  Thorejby's  time,  yet  it was  not  near  finifhed,  as  appears  by  the  arms  of  feveral  of  his  fuccelfors  on  the  Hone work  and  windows  of  the  church  ;  particularly  Scrope  and  Bowett\  the  latter  of  which  en¬ tered  upon  his  dignity  anno  1405.  And  further,  our  records  inform  us  that  the  dean  and chapter  granted  out  ot  their  fpiritual  revenues  a  full  tenth  to  the  ufe  of  the  fabrick  then newly  built.  Which  grant  was  dated  April  11,  142 6(0). In  all  which  time  of  different  erections  great  care  was  taken  in  the  joining  and  uniting  of one  building  to  another,  by  which  it  feems  to  be  one  entire  edifice  at  this  day;  though com  po  fed  ot  five  feveral  taftes  of  Got  hick :  architecture.  Yet  they  could  not  be  fo  nice  in this,  but  that  an  apparent  irregularity  thews  itfelf  to  a  difcerning  eye,  which  will  be  taken notice  ot  in  the  fequel.  However  that,  pofterity  ought  to  revere  the  memory  of  the  kings. l 4 70  ioo 109  — IOO  — 100  — IOO  — IOO  - IOO  ~ IOO  — • IOO  — IOO  - IOO  - 40 (»)  Ex  MS.  Torre. 00  Torre  p.  7.  where  he  recites,  that 5 they  granted  to  the  fabrick  another  tenth  out  of  thtfir benefices. princes. 4  75 CathedraI Chvrch, 476  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookII. CATHEDRALprinces,  prelates,  nobility  and  gentry  of  thofe  days,  who  were  contributors,  at  feveral  times, Church.  £0  the  carrying  on  this  noble  and  magnificent  building  ;  as  their  arms  in  divers  parts  of the  walls  and  windows  do  fufficiently  teftify.  Particularly  the  prelates,  who,  with  a  libe¬ rality,  not  common  to  the  order  in  our  days,  beftowed  great  part  of  the  revenues  of  their fee  in  furthering  on  this  commendable  work.  I  (hall  conclude  this  hiftorical  account  of  the erection  of  our  prefent  cathedral,  with  an  encomium  an  old  poet  has  beftowed  on  its  prin¬ cipal  founders,  wherein  the  honefty  of  the  thought  muft  excufe  the  metre. (p)  Grey,  Romain,  Melton,  Thurfby,  Skirlaw,  who York’s  great  eft  good  and  fplendour  added  to: Five  generous  fouls  have  wrought  that  good ,  which  now A  nation’s ,  ah,  faint  zeal,  can  fcarce  allow . May  fame  triumphant  bear  them  from  the  grave. And  grant  a  longer  life  than  nature  gave. And  may  the  church  Jlill  fiorifh,  ftill  be  Jlrong, From  all  its  governours  receive  no  wrong. But  by  their  cares  Jlill  look  for  ever  young. Having  now  built  up  our  church,  it  will  be  neceflary,  in  the  next  place,  to  take  an  exaCt furvey  of  it  both  infide  and  outfide ;  to  mention  the  feveral  out-buildings,  chapels,  chan¬ tries,  oratories,  benefa&ions  and  particular  reparations  which  have  Iince  been  added,  before I  enter  upon  the  tombs  and  epitaphs.  To  begin  with  the  dimenfions,  the  whole  pile  is  in the  form  of  a  crofs  extending  from  eaft  to  weft.  Feet. The  whole  length  befides  the  buttrelfes  is  -  -  524  i Breadth  of  the  eaft  end  -  -  — —  —  i°5 Breadth  of  the  weft  end  -  -  - *  i°9 Length  of  the  crofs  i fie  from  north  to  fouth  -  * -  222 Height  of  the  lanthorn  fteeple  to  the  vault  —  ■  ■  - — '  188 Height  of  it  to  the  top  of  the  leads  -  - -  213 Height  of  the  body  of  the  church  -  -  - -  99 To  begin  with  the  out-buildings,  I  muft  firft  enter  upon  a  defeription  of  the  chapter- chapttr-houfe.  difdains  to  allow  an  equal,  in  Gothick.  archite&ure,  in  the  univerfe.  There  is fome  difficulty  to  afeertain  the  time  of  erecting  this  magnificent  ftrudture,  the  remaining records  of  the  church  bearing  no  account  thereof.  Stubbs,  who  is  particular  enough  in  his memoirs  of  the  reft  of  the  buildings,  entirely  omits  this  i  for  which  reafons  we  are  much  at a  ’lofs  to  know  to  whofe  memory  to  aferibe  the  praifes  due  for  this  excellent  performance.  By the  ftyle  of  architedture  it  is  compofed  on,  it  looks  to  be  as  antient  as  any  part  of  the  church ; and  exadtly  correfponds,  in  tafte,  to  that  part  of  the  fabrick  begun  and  finifhed  by  W liter Grey.  And,  indeed,  if  we  may  be  allowed  to  guefs  at  the  founder,  that  eminent  prelate ftands  the  faireft  of  any  in  the  fucceffion  for  it.  The  pillars  which  furround  the  dome  are of  the  fame  kind  of  marble  of  thofe  which  fupport  his  tomb.  But  what  feems  to  put  the matter  out  of  difpute,  is  the  picture  of  an  archbifhop,  betwixt,  thofe  of  a  king  and  queen over  the  entrance  ;  which  by  having  a  ferpent  under  his  feet,  into  the  mouth  of  which  his crofter  enters,  exadtly  correfponds  with  the  like  reprefentation  of  Walter  Grey  on  his  monu¬ ment.  If  this  conjecture  be  allowed,  as  it  is  furely  very  probable,  the  world  is  indebted, for  the  hint,  to  the  fagacious  Roger  Gale  efq-,  who  taking  a  view  with  me,  fome  time  ftnee, of  this  room,  made  the  obfervation. The  whole  pile  of  this  building  is  an  odtagon,  of  ftxty  three  feet  diameter,  the  height  of  it to  the  middle  knot  of  the  roof  is  ftxty  feven  feet  ten  inches,  unfupported  by  any  pillar, and  entirely  dependant  upon  one  pin,  or  plug,  geometrically  placed  in  the  centre.  The outfide,  however,  is  ftrongly  fupported  by  eight  buttrelfes.  The  whole  roof  has  been  rich¬ ly  painted  with  the  effigies  of  kings,  biffiops,  &V.  and  large  filver  knots  of  carved  wood at  the  uniting  of  the  timbers  ;  all  which  are  now  much  defaced  and  fullied  by  time.  Over this  is  a  fpir.e  of  timberwork,  covered  with  lead,  fo  excellent  in  its  kind,  that  I  have thought  fit,  for  the  honour  of  the  carpenter’s  art,  to  give  a  reprefentation  of  it  in  the draught. The  entrance  from  the  church  to  this  noble  room  is  in  the  form  of  a  mafon’s  fquare. Againft  the-pillar,  betwixt  the  two  doors,  ftands  an  image  of  ftone  of  the  virgin,  with  our faviour  in  her  arms,  trampling  on  the  ferpent.  The  image,  with  the  drapery,  isfomewhat elegant,  and  has  been  all  richly  gilt  j  but  it  bears  a  mark  of  thofe  times  which  made  even ftone  ftatues  -feel  their  malice.  At  your  entrance  into  the  houfe,  the  firft  thing  you  obferve are  the  canons  feats,  placed  quite  round  the  dome,  which  are  all  arched  over  ;  every  arch being  fupported  by  fmall  marble  pillars  which  are  fet  at  due  diftance  round,  and  feparate .the.  (tails.  .Oyer  thefe  arches,  which  are  built  like  canopies,  runs  a  gallery  about  the  houfe, but  foexquifitely  carved,  and  has  been  fo  richly  gilt  and  painted  as  to  be  above  deferip- [f)  Ex  MS.  Gale.  Goodwin  writes,  that  anno  1464,  tainly  a  miltake.  Goodwin  de  f  rueful. the  minder  of  Tori;  was  burned  down,  but  it  is  cer# 1 tion. jn -  ~  i  ■  in  i . . . . . . . u. r~ I  -  .  ' r  '  ~ i®:. i  ' '  "  ■  U  7 ,  ,  .  . ..  I  _  . .  v-  ' '  '  — ■  -  '  *.  >  T*  ' Sv.. Chap. II.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK. non.  The  chapiters  or  capitals  of  the  aforcfaid  fmall  pillars  have  fuch  a  variety  of  carvedC ianc.es  upon  them,  alluding  in  tome,  places  to  the  ridicule  the  regular  clergy  were  always  fondC of  exp.efling  aga.nft  the  fecukrs  ;  m  others  to  hiflory,  with  ltrange  conceits  of  the  over w.tty  workmen  of  that  age,  that  at  is  impoffible  to  which  ftall  to  give  the  preference  Here you  have  ant.ckpoftur.es  both  of  men  and  beads  in  abundance,  over  one  is  a  man  cut  out haft  way,  as  if  he  was  thrufting  and  driving  to  get  through  a  window  or  fome  narrow ,°n  others  ar=  faces  with  different  afpedls,  fome  crying,  fome  laughing,  fomedi- ftorted  and  grinning;  but  above  all  and  what  is  never  omitted  (hewing  to  ftrangers  by thofe  living  regiftets  of  the  church,  the  vergers,  is  the  figure  of  an  old  bald-patfd  friar hugging  and  luffing  a  young  nun  very  amoroufty  in  a  corner  ;  and,  round  the  capitals  of the  adjoining  pillars,  are  feveral  faces  of  other  nuns,  as  well  old  as  younv  piping laughing,  and  fneenng ;  at  the  wanton  dalliance  of  the  old  letcher.  In  other  places  you  hife a  friar  tang  a  goofe,  greafing  a  fat  fow  in  the - ,  which  are  all  teftimonies  of  the forty  opinion  that  the  regular  clergy  had  of  a  monaftick  life  in  thofe  days The  eight  fpuares.pf  the  oaagrn  have  each  a  noble  light  window  in  therii,  adorned  with coats  of  arms,  pennances,  and  other  devices.  Except  one  fquare,  which  i  joined  to  "he ther  building  over  the  entrance,  and  this  has  been  painted  with  the  reprefentations  of  faints kings,  bifliops,  £*.  the  three  figures  in  the  midft,  1  take  to  be  archbifhop  Waller  Grey’ funding  betwixt  Henry  III,  and  his  queen.  At  the  bafe  of  this  fquare  was  placed  the mages  of  the  twelve  apoftles  with  that  of  the  virgin,  and  child  fefus,  in  theP  mfdft  of them.  ft  radition  affures  us,  that  thefe  images  were  all  of  folid  filver  double  gilt ;  the  apo files  were  about  a  foot  high  but  that  of  the  virgin  muft  have  been  near  two  foot  as  ao- ff?  b7  „tb?  m;l*s  where  they  ftood.  Thefe  were  morfels  too  pretiouS  to  mifs  fwallowine: at  the  fiiift  depredations  made  into  churches;  and  fince  rhey  are  not  put  in  the  catalo  -ueS printed  in  the  momjhcon ,  ot  the  riches  of  this  church,  which  Was  taken  in  Edward  the  llxrh’s time  w"e  may  readily  fuppofe  his  father  Henry  had  the  honour  of  this  piece  of  plunder Or  elfe  that  archbifhop  Holgate  made  him  a  prefent  of  them,  along  with  the  manors  that piel.ite  thought  fit  to  give  him  from  this  fee. To  enter  upon  a  description  of  the  imagery,  in  painted  giafs,  which  is  ftill  preferved  in he  windows  of  this  place,  and  the  reft  of  the  church  would  be  endlefs ;  and  fwell  mv  vi .lume  to  an  enormous  fixe  indeed.  Yet  the  indefatigable  Mr.  Torre  has  gone  through  it  lu- -•  „nr  []  hele  a  f‘nSle  111  a"y  window  of  the  whole  building  that  he  has  not  ddfcribed’ Sf  arms.of  tde  nobdlty  a"d  gentry  of  England ,  who  were  contributes,  originally  to the  charge  ol  erechng  this  and  other  parts  of  the  church  are  Wortli  preferving.  °Efbeci  il- ly  fince  giafs  b  ot  lo  frail  a  fubftance-that  it  is  almoft  a  miracle  fo  many  coats  “ire  up  in  the .windows  at  this  day  In  the  year  1641,  fome  curious  perfon,  and  in  all  probability  it was  the  mduftrious  Mr:  Dodfworlb  took  pains  along  with  the  monuments,  to  take  draw¬ ings  of  all  the  coats  armorial  and  bearings  on  the  ftone-work  and  windows  of  this  church chapterhoufe,  £9 V  A .copy  was  obtained  from  the  original,  then  in  the  pofiefiion  of  the loid  Fairfax ,  by  fir  IVdluim  Dtigda/e  knt.  and  given  by  him  to  the  college  of  arms  Lon- on-,  as  the  title  of  the  book  does  evidently  (hew.  What  relates  to  my  purpofe  is  from thence  extrafted ;  and  I  have  taken  out  all  the  different  bearings  in  the  I'evenU  parts  of  the chutch  and  chapterhoufe,  to  fhew  the  original  benefactors  to  it.  Their  names  bv  form* gentlemen  well  (killed  in  heraldry,  being  put  over  each  coat.  It  is  remarkable  ’that  there al?  ,tw°  l°rtS  mrthe  wln,do"s,.ot  the  chapterhoufe,  which  go  further  to  clear  u’p  the  time of  the  building  of  it,  and  thefe  are  firft  cheque  or  and  mure,  a  canton  ermine  which  arms Wey/iff  gives  to  Peter  do  Drear,  duke  of  Britain;  and  or,  a  crofs^fa,  Hubert  deBurTh them'  tkIi“»rF",ith  Walter  Grey,  nor  are  there  any  defcendants  from “to*®  usofitsufe;  namely;  for  the  dean,  prebendaries and  other  d.gmtariesmf  the  church  to  affemble  in.  It  ,s  alfo  the  place  where  the  convoca .on  for  the  clergy  of  the  province  of  Fork  ufed  to  meet;  but,  of  late  years  it  has  not been  much  frequented  on  that  occafion.  '  >  11  nas  nor rafl-eCT0t  “wf  kaVe,of  this .beautiful Iftrudlure  without  cbferving,  from  Camden,  thecha- rafter  Aeneas  Silvrn  afterwards  pope  Pms  II,  gives  our  church,  !nd  this  place  in  particu lar.  It  is,  fays  he,  famous  for  its  magnificence  and  workmanfhip  all  the  work!  over  • „  /  efP‘falb  If,  n  fine  hghlfome  chapel,  with  Jhining  walls,  and  fmall  thin  wafted  pil- lore  quite  round,  Neither  muft  I  omit  an  encomium  bellowed  upon  it  by  a  Seat  fra Stows  “  ‘S  ’  m  *"  *  VeriC’  and  is  infcribed  0n  the  wal1  ^  W, letters  as UT  ROSA  PJJLOS  PJJLORUOQ,  SIT  6ST  DOCUUS  ISTA  DOCpORUcp. “  The  chief  of  hafts. as  the  rofe  of  flowers.” 4  77 atiiedrai. HURCH. lili;  I! . it ' :  [iN|m( ::! m il 6  F After 47$ Cat hsdral Church. Sr.  Sepulchre  s drape  l . The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. After  all,  this  noble  ftru&ure  had  like  to  have  met  its  fate,  in  the  late  days  of rapine  and  facrilege;  for  we  have  a  tradition  very  much  credited,  that  a  certain  perfon in  this  city  had  obtained  a  grant,  from  the  pious  legiflature,  of  thofc  days  to  puli  down the  chapter-houfe  as  an  ufelels  part  of  the  church.  We  are  further  told,  that  the  mar- had  certainly  effected  it,  and  had  defigned  to  have  built  (tables  out  of  the  materials,  had not  death  furprifed  him  a  week  before  the  intended  execution  of  his  wicked  project. In  the  fquare  paffage  to  the  chapter-houfe  from  the  church,  remarkable  for  its  beauti¬ ful  windows  of  painted  glafs,  have  been  alfo  many  coats  of  arms  delineated  on  the  waif in  their  proper  colours;  particularly  over  the  entrance.  But  time  has  fo  defaced  them, that  very  few  of  them  can  be  now  made  but.  Here  have  been  feveral  lcpultures,  but  the grave  (tones  are  all  robbed  of  their  inferiptions  on  brake,  and  Only  one  in  (tone  remain¬ ing  ;  which  is  this, spcicifull  Jfjcfu  foit  of  fjCfacn,  fo;  tbt  fjoli  name,  ant)  tfji  bittet  paffibn  bo  tt\i  grete  mere? to  the  foulc  of  £nnc8  I^uct,  the  inljilk  DcccliD  ttje  bit  bar  of  j?obcmber  trt  tlje  i?crc  of out  (lo;D  sp  ££<£C  2lt£3I- On  the  north  fide  of  the  church,  alfo,  and  near  the  archiepifcopal  palace;  flood  former¬ ly  the  chapel  of  St.  Sepulchre  ;  which  had  a  door  (till  remaining,  opening  into  the  north ifle  of  the  nave.  The  foundation  of  this  chapel  being  very  antient  and  extraordinary,  I lhall  tranferibe  from  Mr.  Torre  as  follows, “  Roger  archbifhop  of  York  having  built  againft  the  great  church  a  chapel,  he  dedi- cated  it  to  the  name  of  the  bleffed  and  immaculate  virgin  Mary  and  holy  angels  •,  for “■  the  celebration  of  divine  fervices,  to  the  eternal  honour  of  God,  glory  of  his  fuccef- “  fors,  and  remiflion  of  his  own  fins.  He  ordained  the  fame  to  be  a  perpetual  habitation, “  for  thirteen  clerks  of  different  orders,  viz . “  Four  priefts. tl  Four  deacons. “  Four  fubdeacons. u  One  facrift. “  All  thefe  to  be  fubfervient  fo  the  will  of  the  archbiihop,  efpecially  the  facrift,  who “  (hall  be  conftituted  procurator  of  the  rents  and  revenues  belonging  to  it.  Paying  to  each “  of  the  priefts  ten  marks  per  annum  ;  to  each  of  the  deacons  one  hundred  (hillings;  to “  each  of  the  fubdeacons  fix  marks.  And  he  himfelf  (hall  receive  ten  marks  per  annum “  for  his  own  falary,  befides  the  refidue  of  the  rents  that  remain  over,  and  befides  what “  will  compleat  the  fum  of  all  the  portions  of  the  priefts,  deacons  and  fubdeacons. “  Alfo  he  willed  that  the  faid  facrift  of  his  own  coft  expend  ten  (hillings  on  Maunday , “  as  well  in  veiles,  wine,  ale,  veffels  and  water  for  wafhing  the  feet  of  the  canons,  and “  of  other  poor  clerks,  to  the  ufe  of  thofe  poor  clerks.  And  alfo  to  contribute  fixteen “  (hillings  to  the  diet  of  the  faid  poor  clerks  ;  that  in  all  things  the  fraternity  and  unity “  of  the  church  may  be  preferved. kt  And  for  their  neceffary  fuftentation  he  of  his  own  bounty  gave  them SCBberton, button  with  £crobp  chapel, l^apton, Berocfcp, £DttdC5  one  mediety. And  procured  of  the  liberality  of  thefe  other  faithful  perfons, “  The  church  of  Calbcrlcp,  ex  dono  Willielmi  de  Scoty. “  The  church  of  ^otott,  ex  dono  Willielmi  Paganel. “  The  church  of  ^)arbJ0bC5  ex  dono  Avicie  de  Ruminilly. “  The  church  of  ex  ^{kvrtede0 Arches  uxoris  f«a>. “  To  this  chapel  alfo  did  belong  the f  Colingfjam. “  Churches  of  ^Cla;cburg- ( Ketfo.JD* “  Roger  provided  alfo  that  the  churches  which  were  not  of  his  donation  (hould  be 66  free  from  fynodals  and  all  other  things  due  to  the  archbifhops,  his  fucceffors,  and “  their  officials.  And  ordered  that  they  fhould  as  quietly  and  freely  hold  and  enjoy  thole “  churches  which  are  of  his  donation  as  others  have  done  before  them.  Laftly,  he  ordained, “  for  the  more  diligent  ferving  of  the  chapel,  that  none  of  the  faid  clerks  (hould  dwell “  out  of  the  city,  which  if  they  prefumed  to  do,  they  (hould  be  difplaced,  by  the  archbi- “  (hop,  and  another  of  the  fame  order  be  by  him  collated. Sewal £h ao>.  II.  if  the  C I-I L:R CM  of  YOR K.  4r? Sewed,  archbifhop,  perceiving  the  revenues  of  thefe  churches  to  be  very  much  increafed,  Cathedraj appointed  vicars  to  be  etlubliihed  in  them  prefentable  by  the  facriflan  ;  and  made  divers  c”URCH- orders  for  the  better  government  01  the  minifters,  whom  from  thenceforth  Tie'cauled  to be  called  canons.  Thele  orders  are  at  large  in  Mr.  Torre's,  and  printed  in  the  firft  vo¬ lume  of  Stevens's  monajlicon  ;  both  extracted  and  tranflated  from  Dugdale.  It  would  be heedlefs  here  to  infert  them,  as  well  as  Mr.  Torre's  catalogues  of  the  names,  and  times  of collation,  of  the  facrijls ,  and  all  the  lacerdotal  prebendaries  of  this  chapel,  from  its  firft original  foundation  to  its  diffolution.  We  may  believe  it  underwent  the  laft  change  very early  in  the  Work  of  the  Reformation  *,  for  it  Was  certified  into  the  court  of  augmentations held  in  the  thirty  feventh  year  of  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  to  be  of  the  yearly  value  of one  hundred  and  ninety  two  pounds  fixteen  fhillings  and  fix  pence.  But  it  was  Handing here  much  later,  fori  find  that  the  tithes  belonging  to  this  chapel  and  the  chapel  itfelf,  was lold  to  One  JVebjler  the  foiirth  of  Elizabeth  (r). The  next  out  building  I  Ihall  mention  is  the  veftry  which  joins  to  the  church  on  the  Veflry. fbuth  fide  of  it;  it  has  a  council  room  and  treafury  contiguous  to  it.  In  this  laft  was kept  all  the  rents,  revenues,  grants  and  charters  with  the  common  feal  belonging  to  the church  ;  and  had  a  particular  officer  to  infpect  and  take  care  of  them.  In  the  large  inven¬ tary  of  the  riches  belonging  to  this  cathedral,  taken  in  Edward  the -fixth’s  time,  is  an  account of  the  money  then  in  St.  Peter's  cheft  which  was  all  foon  after  feized  upon  and  the  trea- lurcr’s  office  difiolved.  For  a  very  good  reafon,  fays  Mr  .Willis,  nam , Abrcfto  omni  thefauro ,  deflit  thefanrarii  mutius. The  council  room;  or  inner  veftry,  where  his  grace  of  York  robes  himfelf,  when  he Comes  to  his  cathedral,  is  a  convenient  place,  rendered  warm  and  commodious  for  the clergy  to  adjourn  to  from  the  chaptcr-hbufe  in  cold  weather.  In  it  is  a  large  prefs,  where are  kept  thofe  acts  and  regifters  of  the  church  which  they  want  more  immediately  to  con- fult  on  thefe  occafions. The  veftry  is  a  room  forty  four  foot  by  twenty  two  ;  in  the  fouth  corner  of  which, in  the  very  wall  is  a  well,  of  excellent  water,  called  St.  Peter's  well.  Oppofite  is  a  great cheft,  of  a  triangular  figure,  ftrongly  bound  about  with  iron  barrs,  which  by  its  ffiape muft  have  once  lerved  to  lay  up  the  copes  and  priefts  veftments  in.  Along  the  north  fide are  feveral  large  cupboards,  in  the  wall,  in  which  formerly  were  locked  up  the  churches plate  and  other  valuable  things  ;  but  at  prefent  they  are  only  enriched  with  the  follow¬ ing  curiofities.  A  canopy  of  ftate  of  gold  tifiiie  and  two  final!  coronets  of  filver  gilt; which  were  given  by  the  city  for  the  honour  of  king  James  I,  at  his  coming  out  of Scotland  to  this  place  in  his  progref^  to  London.  Two  filver  chalices  found  in  the graves  of  two  archbiffiops ;  fome  other  of  lead  found  elfewhere,  with  other  curiofities taken  out  of  feveral  graves  in  laying  the  new  pavement.  The  head  of  archbifhop  Rc - theram.  A  cope  of  plain  white  fattin,  the  only  one  left  us  out  of  the  large  inventory of  this  churche’s  ornaments.  And  laftly  the  famous  horn,  if  I  may  fo  call  it,  made of  an  elephant’s  tooth,  which  is  indeed  the  greateft  piece  of  antiquity  the  church  can exhibit. (r)  Capelin,  vocal  £>t.  Scpulcfirce  elupcl,  prope  Apr.  4.  aii.  4°  Eliz.  Rolls  chap. ttcelefatn  cath.  Eborum  cum  decitn'u  ejttfJcm  W.  Webftcr This Chap. II.  of  the  CHURCH  s/YORK. This  horn  Mr.  Camden  particularly  mentions  as  a  mark  of  a  ftrange  way  of  endowment  C.t formerly  u fed  ;  and  from  an  old  book,  as  he  terms  it,  gives  us  this  quotation  about  it.  c“ “  Ulphus  the  fon  of  Toraldus  governed  in  the  weft  parts  of  Deira-,  and  by  reafon  of  a  diffe- “  rence  like  to  happen  betwixt  his  eldeft  fon  and  his  youngeft,  about  his  lordfhips,  when “  he  was  dead,  prefently  took  this  courle  to  make  them  equal.  Without  delay  he  went  to “  fork,  and  taking  the  horn  wherein  he  was  wont  to  drink  with  him,  he  filled  it  with  wine, “  “d,  kneeling  upon  his  knees  before  the  altar,  bellowed  upon  God  and  the  bleffed  St.  Pe- “  ter  all  his  lands,  tenements  ( r ),  &c. In  ancient  times  tliere  aic  feveral  inflanccs  of  eftates  that  were  palled  without  any  wri¬ tings  at  all  •,  by  the  lord’s  delivery  of  fuch  pledges  as  thele,  a  fword,  a  helmet,  a  horn,  a cup,  a  bow  or  arrow  i  undo  verbo,  abfque  feripto  vel  chart  a,  tantum  cum  dotnini  gladio,  vel  ga¬ lea,  vel  cornu,  are  the  exprefs  words  of  bigulphus.  But  I  lhall  fay  lefs  about  this  venerable piece  of  antiquity,  becaufe  my  ingenious  friend  Mr.  Sam.  Gale  has  wrote  a  difiertation  upon that  particulai  fubjefl  ;  which,  I  am  given  to  hope,  will  fee  light  in  the  appendix  to  this work. .The  church  of  York  ought  to  pay  a  high  veneration  to  this  horn,  feveral  lands  belongino- to  it  are  Hill  called  de  terra  Ulph’t  ;  and  before  the  Reformation  it  was  handfomely  adorned with  gold,  and  was  pendant  in  a  chain  of  the  fame  metal.  Thefe  ornaments  were  the  oc- caiion  of  its  being  taken  away  at  that  time  ;  for  it  is  plain  by  Mr.  Camden's  words  that  the horn  was  not  there  in  his  days.  “  I  was  informed,  fays  he,  that  this  great  curiofity  was  kept “  *n  church  till  the  laft  age.”  We  are  not  therefore  to  blame  the  civil  wars  for  this piece  of  pillage  ;  for  a  principal  a<5lor  in  them,  Thomas  lord  Fairfax,  was  the  occafion  of  its being  preferved  and  reftored  to  the  church.  Where  it  had  lain,  or  where  he  got  it,  is uncertain;  but,  ftript  of  its  golden  ornaments,  it  was  returned  by  Henry  lord  Fairfax  his fucceflor.  The  chapter  thought  fit  to  decorate  it  anew,  and  to  bellow  the  following  in- feription  to  the  memory  of  the  reftorer  upon  it ; CoRNV  HOC,  VlPHVS,  IN  OCCI  DENT  ALI  PARTE DEIRAE  PRINCEPS,  VNA  CVM  OMNIBVS  TERRIS ET  RED  D  I  T  I  B  VS  SVIS  OLIM  DON  A  VI  T  . Amissvm  VEL  ABREPTVM Henr  levs  dom.  Fairfax  demvm  restitvit. DEC.  ET  CAPIT.  DE  NOVO  ORNAVIT A.  D.  M.DC.LXXV. On  the  fouth  fide  of  the  veftry  hang  up,  againft  the  wall,  two  ancient  tables,  which  are little  taken  notice  of,  and  yet  mull  not  be  omitted  in  this  furvey.  The  one  contains  a  cata¬ logue  of  the  miracles  aferibed  to  the  virtues  of  our  S.  IVillicun ,  twenty  three  years  after  his death,  and  are  thirty  nine  in  number.  The  other  is  a  copy  of  an  indulgence  granted  by pope  Nicholas,  mentioned  in  the  life  of  that  prelate,  with  other  abftrafis  from  hiltory  rela¬ ting  to  this  church.  Thefe  tables,  I  take  it,  are  the  only  rags  of  popery  we  have  left  us; and  I  am  perluaded  had  they  been  worth  carrying  away,  our  eyes  would  never  have  feen them. Here  is  alfo  an  antique  chair  in  which  feveral  kings  of  England  have  been  crowned  ;  and which  the  archbifhop  alfo  makes  ufe  of,  within  the  rails  of  the  altar,  at  ordinations,  C*. On  the  furniture  cloths  of  the  veftry  are  the  arms  of  Scrope  lord  Majhani ;  Booth,  archbi¬ fhop,  and  Kemp.  To  conclude  this  account  of  the  veftry  I  fhould  give  the  inventory  of  the plate,  jewels,  veftments,  £*.  which  were  repofited  in  the  treafury  here,  or  adorned  the  fe¬ veral  fhrines  and  altars  in  the  church.  But  flnce  this  is  printed  at  large  in  Steven’ s  MonaJH- mandated  from  Dngdale’s,  and  is,  indeed,  too  copious  for  this  defign,  I  fhall  refer thither.  And  only  beg  leave  to  give  a  much  fhorter  account,  as  I  find  it  in  another  epitome of  the  monajhcon  in  thefe  words  (s)  : “  To  this  cathedral  church  did  belong  abundance  of  jewels,  veflelsofgold  and  filver,  and other  ornaments,  rich  veftments  and  books,  amongft  which  were  ten  mitres  of  erreat  va- “  lue  ;  and  one  fmall  mitre  fet  with  ftones,  pro  epifeopo puerorum,  for  the  bifhop  oftheboys “  or  children  (t).  One  filver  and  gilt  paftoral  ftaff,  many  paftoral  rings,  amongft  which  one “  for  the  bifhop  of  the  boys.  Chalices,  viols,  pots,  bafons,  candlefticks,  thuribules,  holy- “  water-pots,  erodes  of  filver,  one  of  which  weighed  eight  pounds  fix  ounces,  Images  of “  filver  and  gold,  rel.fts  m  cafes  extreamly  rich,  great  bowls  of  filver,  an  unicorn’s  horn, “  a  table  of  filver  and  gilt,  with  the  image  of  the  virgin  enamelled  thereon,  weighing  nine “  pounds  eight  ounces  and  a  half.  Several  gofpellaries  and  epiftolaries  richfy  adorned “  with  filver,  gold  and  precious  ftones.  Jewels  affix’d  to  fhrines  and  tombs  of,  almoft, “  an  ineftimable  value.  Altar-cloths  and  hangings  very  rich;  copes  of  tiflue,  damafk “and  velvet,  white,  red,  blue,  green,  black  and  purple;  with  other  veftments  of  the “  ,a™e  “lours.  Befides  this  there  was  a  great  treafure,  depoiited  in  the  common  cheft,  in gold  chains,  collars  of  SS,  with  large  fums  of  old  gold  and  filver. 48  I THEDRAL URC1I. (r)  Cam tlen’s  Britannia.  See  York. Fol.  piinted  at  London  1693. I1)  In  thefe  articles,  the  epifeepus  puerorum,  or  the battle  bufljop,  was  the  chorifler’s  bov-bifliop.  Mr.Gr?- 6  G  I  have The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book!!. Cathedral  I  have  nothing  to  add  to  the  churches  being  plundered  of  all  theft  iramenfe  riches,  bur  a fmall  robbery,  in  comparifon  of  the  former,  done  in  the  Night  of  I'd).  1676/,  when  die church  was  broke  open,  as  well  as  the  cupboards  in  the  vellry,  and  moil  of  the  plate,  they then  were  poflefied  of,  Hole  from  thence.  But  the  adlors  of  this  facrilegious  fadl  were  never yet  known.  Sic  parvis  componere,  &c. The  place  which  is  now  called  the  veftry  was  not  anciently  fuch,  but  a  chapel  begun  by archbilhop  Zouch  ;  who  we  are  told  laid  the  foundation  of  a  chapel,  about  the  year  1356,  in which  he  intended  to  have  been  buried,  but  dying  before  it  was  finifhed,  he  was  interred  elle- where  (u).  This  chapel  is  laid  to  have  been  eredted  on  the  fouth'-fide  of  the  church,  and Mr.  Torre  brings  feveral  teftimonies  from  the  records,  to  prove  that  this  was  the  place  (xf At  the  new  eredtion  of  the  choir  it  was  taken  down,  but  rebuilt  at  the  charge  of  arch- bifhop  Zouche’s executors,  and  it  continued  a  chantry  chapel,  to  pray  for  the  good  of  that prelate’s  foul,  to  the  dilfolution. The  library  is  a  building  adjoining  to  the  church,  on  the  fouth  fide,  being  a  chamber  of oblong  fquare  over  another  room  now  made  ufe  of  for  the  Tinging  fchool.  In  the  midft  is  a long  gallery,  or  walk,  running  from  eaft  to  weft,  which  divides  it  into  two  parts,  wherein are  let  up  frames  or  clafies  for  the  convenient  ftanding  of  the  books.  Moll  of  the  volumes were  the  gift  of  Mrs.  Mathews  the  relidl  of  Toby  Mathews  archbifhop,  whofe  fon  fir  Toly having  been  difinherited  by  his  father,  was  probably  the  reafon  that  the  mother  bellowed her  hulband’s  books,  to  the  number  of  three  thoufand  volumes,  on  the  church.  Upon  a table,  now  broken,  is  an  infeription  in  memory  of  this  bequeft  in  thefe  words  : Nomina  virorum  illujlrium,  aliorumque  bonarum  artium  f autoruin,  qui  pojl  immenfam  variamque rei  liter ariae  fupelleflilem ,  mufaeo  reverendijfmi  in  Chriflo  palris  Tobiae  Matthaei  archiepf- copi  Eborum  aeternae  memoriae  viri  poji  obitum  illius  hue  tranjlato  per  munificentiam  inf  ignis feeminae FRANCISCAE  MATTHEW; Bibliothecam  hujus  eccleftae  cathedralis  et  metropoliticae  fuis  impenfis  ac  liberalitate  ornarunt auxeruntque. Dux  foemina  facli. But  great  was  the  lofs  to  the  learned  world  when  the  library,  placed  in  this  church  by archbifhop  Egbert ,  anno  740,  was  burnt  with  the  whole  fabrick  about  three  hundred  years after.  So  choice  was  this  colledtion  that  William ,  the  librarian  of  Malmjbury ,  calls  it  the mblejl  repoftory  and  cabinet  of  arts  and  fciences  then  in  the  whole  world,  (y )  Alcuinus  Ebora- cenfis ,  the  preceptor  of  the  emperour  Charles  the  great,  at  his  return  into  Britain  wrote  his royal  pupil  a  letter  ;  in  which  the  higheft  encomiums  are  beftowed  on  this  library.  I  can¬ not  do  better  than  to  give  the  reader  them  in  his  own  words  and  phrale  (z). - Sed  ex  parte  detis  mihi  fervulo  vejlro  exquifitiores  fcholajlicae  erudilionis  libellos ,  quOs  habui in  patria  per  bonam  et  devotiff.  magiftri  mei ,  fcil.  Egberti,  indujlriam ,  vel  etiam  mei  tpjius  qua- lemeunque  fudorem.  Idea  haec  vejlrae  excellentiae  dico ,  ne  forte  vejlro  placeat  totius  fapientiae  de- fiderantiff.  confilio ,  ut  aliquos  ex  pueris  nojlris  remitt  am ,  qui  excipiant  nobis  inde  necejfaria  quae- que ,  et  revehant  in  Franciam  fiores  Britanniae.  Ut  non  fit  tantummodo  in  Euborica  civitate hortus  conclufus ,  fed  in  Turonica  emijfiones  paradyfi  cum  pomorum  fruftibus ,  ut  veniens  aujler perflare  [ pojfit ]  hortos ,  Ligeri ,  fluminis ,  et  fluant  auromata  illius ,  &c. The  fame  ancient  writer  in  his  elegant  poem  de  pontifeibus  et  findlis  eccleftae  Ebor.  printed in  Dr.  Gale’s  xv.  feriptores  has  left  this  defeription  of  the  volumes  contained  in  this  library Which  manuferipts,  were  they  now  in  being,  would  be  almoft  of  ineftimable  value. Illic  invenies  veterum  vefligia  patrum , Quicquid  habet  pro  fe  Latio  Romanus  in  orbe, Graecia  vel  quidquid  tranfmifit  clara  Latinis  ; Hebraicus  vel  quod  populus  bibit  imbre  fuperno , Africa  lucifiuo  vel  quidquid  lumine fparfit. Quod  pater  Hyeronymus,  quod  fenfit  Hilarius,  alqne Ambroftus  praeful ,  fimul  Auguftinus,  &  ipje Sanftus  Athanafius,  quod  Orofius  edit  acutus  ; Quidquid  Gregorius  fummus  doc  el,  et  Leo  papa  ; Bafilius  quidquid ,  Fulgentius  atque  cor  ufe  a  ns, CalTiodorus  item ,  Chryfoftomus  atque  Johannes. Quidquid  et  Althelmus  docuit,  quid  Beda  magijler , Quae  Vidlorinus  feripfere ,  Boetius ;  atque ( u )  Stubbs  in  vitu  Gul.  Zouch. (*)  MS.  p,  1 12. .fiCrie  has  wrote  a  curious  treatife  concerning  the  rpifeopus puerortun  in  die  imoctntium  j  upon  the  dilcovery  of  a  grave- ftone  in  the  cathedral  of  Salisbury,  whereon  was  the  (y)  Gul.Mcld.  in  vita  Egberti  arch.  Ebor. effigies  of  a  boy  bilTiop  with  his  mitre  and  crolier.  Gre-  (z)  Lelandi  cell.  tom.  I.  p.  399.  tx  epijlela  Alcuir.a  ad gori'i  pofthuma,  p.  1 1 4. Carolum  regem. Hijloric i Chap.  II. of  the  CHURCH  «/YORK Uiftorici  veleres  Pompeius,  Plinius,  ipfe Acer  Ariltoteles,  rhetor  quoque  Tullius  ingens. Quid  quoque  Sedulius,  vel  quid  canit  ipfe  Juvencus, Alcuinus,  Clemens,  Profper,  Paulinus,  Arator, Quid  Fortunatus  vel  quid  LaClantius  edunt. Quae  Maro  Virgilius,  Statius,  Lucanus,  et  auftor Artis  grammaticae ,  vel  quid  fcripfere  magiftri  •, Quid  Probus  atque  Phocas,  Donatus,  Prifcianusw, Servius,  Euticius,  Pompeius,  Comminianus. Invenies  alios  perpluresy  leftory  ibidem F.gregios  fludiis ,  arte  el  fermone  magijlros , Plurima  qui  claro  fcripfere  volumina  fenfu  ; Nomina  fed  quorum  praefenti  in  carmine  fcribi Longius  eft  vifum ,  quam  pleftri  pojlulet  ufus. J.  Leland  laments  the  lofs  of  this  wonderful  collection,  when  he  was  fent  by  Henry  VIII. with  commiflion  to  fearch  every  library  in  the  kingdom.  His  words  are  thefe.  In  bibliothe¬ ca  S.  Petri  quam  Flaccus  Albinus,  alias  Alcuinus,  fubinde  miris  laudibus  exlollit  propter  inftg- nem  copiam  librorum ,  tarn  Latinorum  quam  Graecorum,  jam  fere  bonorum  librorum  nihil  eft-. Exhaufit  enim  hos  thefiuros ,  ut  pluraque  alia ,  et  Danica  unmanitas ,  et  Gulielmi  Nothi  viclen- ita. ' Thomas ,  the  firft  archbifhop  of  this  fee  of  that  name,  amongft  his  other  great  benefactions to  his  church,  is  faid  to  replenifh  the  library,  juft  then  deftroyed,  with  good  and  ufeful books.  But  thefe  alfo  underwent  the  fame  fate  with  the  fabrick  being  both  confumed  in  the fire  which  happened  in  the  city,  anno  1137,  in  the  reign  of  king  Stephen. I  cannot  find  after  this,  that  our  church  was  remarkable  for  a  collection  of  books,  but continued  in  the  fame  ftate  in  which  Leland  fays  he  found  it,  till  the  great  gift  of Mrs.  Mathews  once  more  gave  it  the  face  of  a  library.  The  books  are  methodically  digeft- cd  into  claffes,  according  to  the  various  learning  they  treat  on,  and  a  faithful  catalogue made  of  them.  This  was  done  by  the  care  of  Dr.  Comber ,  then  precentor  of  the  church. They  have  fince  been  augmented,  at  different  times  •,  and  lately,  by  the  bequeft  of  dean Finch ,  have  received  the  addition  of  the  Foedera  Anglicana  in  feventeen  tomes,  (Ac.  The books  are  chiefly  remarkable  for  feveral  valuable  traCts  in  divinity  and  hiftory ;  fome  ma- nufcripts  amongft  which  is  a  Tully  de  inventione,  ad  llerennium,  very  perfeft,  and  in  a  moft neat  character,  bibles  and  pfilters,  the  original  regifter  of  St.  Mary's,  abbey  at  York ,  (Ac. But  the  manufcripts  that  are  almoft  ineftimable,  to  this  library  efpecially,  are  Mr.  Torre's painful  collections  from  the  original  records,  of  all  the  ecclefiuftical  affairs  relating  to  this church  and  diocefe.  And  when  the  fine  collection  of  the  late  reverend  Mr.  Marmaduke Fothergill  comes  likewile  to  be  added  to  this  library,  as  I  have  taken  notice  in  his  life  is  fo defigned  by  his  widow,  it  then  may  contain  a  body  of  manufcripts,  efpecially  in  the  Englifto ritual  and  liturgical  way,  equal  to  moft  libraries  in  the  kingdom. The  arms  that  are,  or  were  in  the  windows  of  this  room  in  Mr.  Torre’s  time,  and  pro¬ bably  belonged  to  fome  ancient  benefactors  to  the  library,  are  firft  England ,  then  Mowbray , Percy  and  Lucy ,  Nevill ,  Rofs,  Clifford ,  Fitzhugh ,  Vavafour ,  Bowel t,  archbifhops,  Langley , Skirlawy  Dacres ,  Ilaxey ,  Scrope  of  Majfam ,  and  Fenton. 48  3 Cathed* al Church. Having  now  defcribedall  the  out-buildings,  belonging  more  immediately  to  the  church  ; I  fliall  next  take  an  external  view  of  the  whole  fabrick.  The  cathedral  church  of  York  is commonly  called  |0o?k  St&inffec  5  which  word  in  the  Anglo-Saxon  is  CQynycep,  in  the  old Franco-Gaulick ,  Monjlier ,  but  all  from  the  Latin  Monafterium.  A  cathedral  church  and monaftery  being  formerly  fynonymous  terms.  The  whole  building  ftiews  more  window than  folid  in  it  ;  and  the  different  tafte  of  architecture,  as  well  as  the  different  age  of  each part,  is  eafily  dilcernable.  I  fliall  begin  with  the  weft  end. The 4*4  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. Cathedral Church. ivtjtenJ.  The  front,  or  weft  end,  contains  two  uniform  fteeples,  running  up  to  the  fetting  on  of their  fquare  tops,  in  ten  feveral  contractions,  all  cloiftered  for  imagery.  Indeed  this  part  of the  church  has  loft  much  of  its  beauty,  by  being  robbed  of  a  vaft  number  of  curious  ftatues, which  once  adorned  it ;  the  pedeftals  and  niches  of  which  look  bare  without  them.  But  ftill it  carries  a  grandeur  inexprefiible.  On  the  top  of  the  great  doors  fits  the  figure  of  archbifhop IVilliam  de  Mellon,  the  principal  founder  of  this  part  of  the  church  ;  but  the  image  is  much, abufed.  Below,  and  on  each  fide  of  the  double  doors,  are  the  ftatues  of  a  Vavafour  and  a Percy  as  their  fhields  of  arms  do  teftify. Vavafour.  It  appears  by  a  deed  that  Robert  le  Vavafour  granted  to  God,  St.  Peter  and  the  church  of York ,  for  the  health  of  his  own  foul,  and  the  fouls  of  his  wife  Julian  and  his  anceftors,  full and  free  ufe  of  his  quarry  at  SHaDcafftr  in  SCtjetieDale.  With  liberty  to  take  and  carry  thence a  fufficient  quantity  of  ftone  for  the  fabrick  of  this  church,  as  oft  as  they  had  need  to  repair, re-edity,  or  enlarge  the  fame  (a). Percy.  (b)  Likewife  Robert  de  Percy,  lord  of  Boulton,  granted  to  John  archbifhop  of  York ,  free liberty  for  the  mariners,  or  carters,  to  carry  the  fabrick  ftone  from  SCaDcatter,  either  by land  or  water,  through  his  grounds  lying  along  the  river  SUncrfej  or  up  that  river  to  York. As  alfo  his  wood  at  3i5oulfon  for  roofing  the  new  building. In  memory  of  thefe  two  extraordinary  benefactions  the  church  thought  fit  to  ereCt  two  fta¬ tues  •,  one  reprefented  with  a  piece  of  rough  unhewn  ftone  in  his  hands,  the  other  with  a  fimi- litudeof  a  piece  of  wrought  timber.  Thefe  two  families  have  many  more  memorials  of their  beneficence  to  the  fabrick  on  the  infide  of  the  church. In  the  arch  over  the  door,  in  fine  tracery  work,  is  the  ftory  of  Adam  and  Eve  in  paradife, with  their  expulfion  thence.  Thefe  double  doors  are  feldom  opened  but  at  funerals ;  or  the reception  of  an  archbifhop,  in  folemn  proceflion,  for  inftallation.  At  the  bafis  of  each  of thefe  towers  are  two  more  doors  dayly  open,  by  a  wicket,  for  entrance  into  the  church  at this  end  of  the  fabrick.  I  fhall  be  lefs  particular  in  deferibing  this  and  the  reft  of  the church,  becaufe  the  draughts  will  give  the  reader  a  much  better  idea  of  the  building  than words  can  poflibly  exprefs. (A)  Mon.Ang.  vol.III.  p.  162  MS.  Torre,  p.  2.  (i)  The  lime. Decern.  8, Chap. 11;  of  the  CHURCH  o/ YORK, Decern.  8,  1660,  a  great  wind  blew  down  the  whole  battlement  of  the  fouth  fteeple,  with two  pmacles  of  the  fame ;  the  top  of  one  of  the  fpires  of  the  other  fteeple  fell  likewife  by the  fame  wind,  which  did  great  damage  to  the  reft  of  the  church.  The  fteeples  have  not yet  been  repaired  The  north  fteeple  is  called  St.  Mary’s,  or  our  lady’s,  fteeple,  probably tor  being  neareft  the  chapel  of  that  name  already  defcribed.  In  it  did  hang  once  four  bells,  bu  t 1655  they  were  removed  into  the  other  fteeple,  the  charge  of  which  was  born  by  a  col- lection  through  the  city  (c). In  the  fouth  tower  hangs  a  ring  of  twelve  bells,  the  largeft  tenor  of  which  is  fifty  nineft//.- hundred  weight,  the  diameter  five  feet  nine  inches  and  a  half.  This  great  bell  was  call  an. 1628  -,  it  is  ufually  tolled  at  funerals ;  Toby  Matthews  archbifhop  was  the  firft  it  went  for  on fcr?  don  °n'  °ne  °f  the  bells’  which  Probabl>'  came  out  of  the  other  fteeple  bears  this  in- Wocafa  hum  hoco  pulfafa  mtiiuw  ^arta. In  the  year  14 66  there  was  then  delivered  into  the  hands  of  Thomas  Innocent  bell-founder by  John  Knapton  under-treafurer,  for  the  founding  of  four  bells,  certain  metals,  all  particu¬ larly  named  in  the  record  -,  which  alfo  fhews  the  weight  of  each  bell  (d).  In  the  year  1 6c7 the  eleventh,  or  the  largeft  bell  but  one  was  broke  and  new  call ;  the  fourth  bell  bein°-  like¬ wife  untuneable,  was  broke  and  melted  down,  and  to  add  metal  to  thefe  the  bivgeft  bell  of three  belonging  to  the  demolifhed  church  of  St.  Nicholas,  extra  Walmgate,  was  given  Towards the  charge  of  this,  and  to  make  the  chimes  go  on  all  the  bells  the  lord- mayor  and  commona¬ lity  gave  one  hundred  and  thirty  pounds  from  the  chamber.  Soclofe,  fays  a  manufcript by  me,  were  the  then  fpintual  governours  of  the  church;  although,  adds  the  author they  had  all  the  revenues  of  it  in  their  own  hands  at  that  time.  Dickenfon,  lord-mayor that  year,  and  one  of  Oliver's  knights,  has  his  name  remembred  in  the  infeription  on the  eleventh  bell,  viz.  Thoma  Dickenfon  milite  majore  civil.  Eboraci  vice  2 da  fumptus p-ocurante.  ‘ J  1 About  two  years  ago,  viz.  anno  1733,  the  frames  of  all  thefe  bells  were  renewed,  and they  rehung  in  a  manner  much  more  commodious  for  ringing  than  before.  Towards  the expence  of  \vhich  a  fet  of  publick  fpirited  citizens,  great  admirers  of  this  kind  of  mufick and  exerciie,  contributed  twenty  pounds.  They  alfo,  at  their  own  expence,  built  a  new floor,  twenty  one  feet  higher  than  the  old  one,  for  a  greater  convenience  in  ringing  the  bells. This  diverfion  has  been  long  in  great  vogue  in  England, ,  though  it  is  remarkable  that  it  is not  piactifed  out  of  our  king’s  dominions,  any  where  elfe  in  the  world.  This  fociety  of ringers  in  York,  gave  alfo  two  trebles  to  the  church  of  St.  Martin  in  Conyn-tlreel  which cS  /ear  th?r  iT  ru?  ™  eish5’  at  the  “pence  of  fifty  nine  pounds  ten  Ihillings. Thefe  kinds  of  publick  benefadions,  .in  an  age  little  addicted  that  way,  are  not  below  an hiftonan  s  obfervation.  1 The  principal  benefaflor  to  the  rebuilding  this  fouth  fteeple  has  his  name  on  the  ftone work  in  large  letters  on  the  weft  fide  thus, John  Birmingham  was  treafurer  of  this  church  about  the  year  t432,  and  was  no  doubt  a great  promoter  of  the  work  ;  befides  by  his  will  proved  May  28,  1457,  he  left  amongft  other legacies  fifty  pounds  to  the  further  reparation  of  the  fabrick  (d). (  c  )  MS.  penes  me. ( </ )  MS.  T orre  et  ex  altero  fenes  r, (e)  MS,  Torre,  1-3. 6  II In 48  j no. 48 6  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book II. Zouth-fide. Choir-end. In  taking  a  view  of  the  fouth  fide  of  the  church  we  firft  obferve  fix  tall  pinnacles  *,  which have  been  raifed,  as  well  for  buttrefies  to  the  upper  building  of  the  nave,  as  ornaments. Though  now  all  the  arches  which  joined  them  are  taken  away  ;  I  fuppofe,  not  being  thought of  any  fervice.  Towards  the  top  ol  each  of  thefe  pinnacles  is  a  cell  for  an  image,  which  by great  luck  are  yet  Handing  in  them.  The  four  to  the  weft,  I  take  to  be  the  reprefentations of  the  four  evangelifts  ;  the  next  Chrifl  with  the  pafchal  lamb  ;  the  laft  an  archbifhop,  pro¬ bably,  from  his  juvenile  look,  our  peculiar  faint,  St.IVilliam. The  fouth  entrance  is  afcended  to  by  feveral  courfes  of  fteps;  and  tradition  allures  us that  there  was  once  as  great  an  afcent  to  the  weft  door.  If  fo,  the  ground  has  been  much railed  at  that  end,  the  foil  being  now  level  with  the  pavement  of  the  church.  However  this might  happen  from  the  vaft  quantity  of  chippings  of  ftone,  which  not  only  ferved  to  level this  part,  but  alfo  was  ufed  to  raife  the  foundations  of  all  the  houfes  on  that  fide  •,  as  the ground  when  dug  into  does  fufficiently  teftify.  It  being  near  two  yards  deep  before  you  can come  to  the  natural  foil.  Over  this  entrance  hung  formerly  the  bell  for  calling  to  prayers, but  in  the  late  dean’s  time  it  was  removed  to  the  top  of  the  lanthorn  fteeple.  A  little  fpiral turret,  called  the  fidler’s  turret,  from  an  image  of  a  fidler  on  the  top  of  it,  was  taken  fome few  years  ago  from  another  part  of  the  building,  and  placed  on  the  fummit  of  this  end , which  has  added  much  to  its  decoration.  In  it  the  clock  bell  hangs.  Over  the  doors,  by the  care  of  the  fame  dean,  was  alfo  placed  a  handfome  dial,  both  horary  and  folar ;  on  each fide  of  which  two  images  beat  the  quarters  on  two  fmall  bells.  After  the  reformation  fome avaritious  dean  leafed  out  the  ground  for  fome  fpace  on  each  fide  the  fteps  for  building  houfes and  Ihops  on.  Thefe  were  Handing,  juft  as  they  are  reprefented  in  Hollar's  draught  of  this part  of  the  church  in  the  monafiicon ,  and  were  of  great  difcredit  as  well  as  annoyance  to  the fabrick,  till  the  worthy  dean  Gate ,  amongft  other  particular  benefactions,  fuffered  theleafes to  run  out,  pulled  down  the  houfes  and  cleaned  this  part  of  the  church  from  the  fcurf  it  had contracted  by  the  fmoke  proceeding  from  thefe  dwellings. Eaftward  you  take  a  view  of  archbifhop  Tborejly’s  fine  additional  building,  being  all  the choir  end  of  the  cathedral.  It  is  eafily  difcernible,  by  the  out-fide,  that  this  part  is  much newer,  as  well  as  of  a  nobler  Gotbick  tafte  than  the  weft  end.  To  the  eaft,  over  the  fineft window  in  the  world,  fits  the  faid  archbifhop,  mitred  and  robed,  in  his  epifcopal  chair,  having in  his  left  hand  the  reprefentation  of  a  church,  and  feeming  to  point  to  this  window  with  his right.  At  thebafis  of  this  noble  light  are  thirteen  heads,  placed  on  a  row  in  the  wall,  from 5  angle. Chap.  II. of  the  CHURCH  0/YORK. 487 ,  They  ,re  defiened  to  reprefent  the  heads  of  our  faviour  and  his  twelve  apo-  Cath.sui ftleSs  hS  in  thTS  of  them  At  the  fouth  corner  is  the  head  of  a  king  crowned  ,  de-  <*—. livned  no  doubt,  for  that  magnanimous  prince  Edw.  Ill,  in  whofe  time  this  ftruUiire  wa S  And  at  the  north  a  mitred  bifhop  projefts,  which  can  reprefent  none  likelier  than the  founder  On  each  fide  of  this  end  of  the  church  Hands  alfo  the  flames  ot  Pei  cy  and  •«- armed  ;  their  Ibields  of  arms  hanging  by  them.  I  obferve  that  Perry  takes  the  right hand  here  as  Vavafottr  does  at  the  weft  end  ;  but  for  what  reafon  I  know  not. ‘  On  the’north-fide  is  nothing  remarkable  to  be  viewed  more  than  what  is  already  defcn-  \or:lw,k. bed  Unlefs  I  take  notice  of  a  brick  wall  and  gate,  cop’d  with  (lone,  which  the  late  dean Finch  caul'ed  to  be  built  to  prevent  night  walkers,  and  other  dlforderly  perfonsfrom  ne  1  0 and  intriguing  in  the  obfcure  corners  of  the  walls  and  buttreffes.  amhma The  crmnd  tower,  or  lanlhorn-fieeple,  fo  called,  I  prefume,  from  its  refemblance  to  * luminary  is  the  next  we  mull  raife  our  eyes  to.  It  is  a  fquare  building  fupported  on  the! infide  by  four  large  and  maffy  pillars  of  (lone,  which  make  (our  arches.  This  tower  is  ve; ry  loftyj  yet  tradition  affures  it  was  meant  to  be  carried  much  higher,  by  a  fpn  e  of  wood  (g,- vered  with  lead  on  the  top  of  it.  But  the  foundation  was  thought  too  weak  tor  fuch  a  fu-  - perftrufture.  On  the  fouth  weft  angle  is  now  placed  a  cupola  tor  the  prayer  bell  to  h  g fn  which  ftrufture  is  really  a  deformity,  being  of  a  different  order  frona  the  reft  of  t church  and  only  taking  up  one  corner  of  the  fquare.  However  by  the  advantage  of  this fituation  the  filver  found  of  this  fmall  bell  may  be  heard  feme  miles  off  the  city  ;  the  motto upon  it  alludes  to  its  ringing  early  in  the  morning  for  fix  o  clock  prayers  in  this  diftic  , Surge  cilo ,  proper  a  ^  cun&tos  citat ,  excitat  bora  ■, Cur  dormis  ?  Vigila ,  me  refonante  leva.  a  i  ^ Ill  the  year  1666,  by  order  of  the  duke  of  Buckingham,  a  turret  of  wood  was  erefled,  co¬ vered  with  lead  and  glazed,  on  the  top  of  this  fteeple.  This  was  to  put  lights  into  upon io«- cafion  to  ferve  as  a  beacon  to  alarm  the  country  in  cafe  the  Hollanders,  or  French,  with  both which  powers  we  were  then  at  war,  ftiould  attempt  to  land  on  our  coalts. Thus  I  have  given  a  (hort  defcription  of  the  external  parts  ot  this  great  fabrick  ;  which will  only  ferve  to  let  a  ftranger  into  a  jufter  notion  of  the  plates,  which  for  better  informa¬ tion  I  have  caufed  to  be  placed  in  the  order  they  appear  in.  I  have  but  to  add,  on  this  fub- jeft,  that  by  the  care  and  management  of  the  two  late  governors,  the  fabrick  money  has  been fo  well  applied  to  its  proper  ufe,  the  one  taking  care  to  preferve  the  roof  new  leading  of  it where  there  was  occafion,  £ *.  the  other  fetting  workmen  on  to  flop  up  all  cracks,  flaws  and perifliing  of  the  (tones,  with  excellent  cement  and  mortar,  that  at  prefent  the  whole  ftiu- aure  has  almoft  regained  its  primitive  luftre.  Were  but  its  loft  fpires  and  pinnacles  reft  - retSr it  would  alto|ether  appear  fo;  and  this  fabrick  might  yet  bid  defiance  to  time  and weather  for  many  Succeeding  generations. 488 Cathedr Church. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  EookII. AL  .  **  my  “trance  into  the  church,  before  I  look  upwards  and  dazzle  my  eves  with  the  lof. tmels  and  fpatioufnefs  of  the  building,  it  will  be  necefiary  to  caft  them  on  the  ground.  Here in  the  old  pavement  of  this  church,  were,  almoft,  an  innumerable  quantity  of  srave- ftones;  many  of  which  formerly  Ihone  like  embroidery;  being  enriched  with  the  irmaes tsc.  m  brafs,  of  bilhops,  and  other  ecclefiafticks,  reprefented  in  their  proper  habits  Of which  the  grave-ftone  of  archdeacon  Dolby,  as  thedraughtof  it  exprcfles  in  the  fcquel  though the  ongmal  is  long  fince  torn  off,  is  a  fhining  inftance.  Thefe  ftones  had  alfo  monumen¬ tal  infcriptions  upon  them,  in  order  to  carry  down  the  names  and  qualities  of  the  venerable dead  to  the  lateft  pofterity.  But  to  fee  how  all  fublunary  things  are  fubjeft  to  change  or decay,  what  was  thought  the  moft  durable,  by  our  fore-fathers,  for  this  purpofe  by  an  un¬ accountable  turn  of  fate  proved  the  very  occafion  of  deftruaion  by  their  fons  L»t  no  man henceforth  fay  exegi  mommentum  acre  perennius,  in  the  ftria  fenfe  of  the  words ;  I  have  .riven one  inftance  of  the  lofs  of  a  fine  palace  for  the  lucre  of  the  lead  upon  it,  and  now  this ° aeris Jacra  fames  has  robbed  us  of  moft  of  the  ancient  monutnemal  infcriptions  that  were  in  the church.  At  the  Reformation,  this  hair-brained  zeal  began  to  (hew  itfelfagainft  painted glais,  (tone  ftatues  and  grave-ftones  ;  many  of  which  were  defaced,  and  utterly  deftrov ed,  along  with  other  more  valuable  monuments  of  the  church,  till  quec-n  Elizabeth put  a  (top  to  thefe  moft  fcandalous  doings  by  an  exprefs  aft  of  parliament.  In  our  late  civil wars,  and  during  the  ufurpation,  our  zealots  began  again  thefe  depredations  on  grave-ftones  ■ and  ftripped  and  pillaged  them  to  the  minutcft  piece  of  metal.  I  know  it  is  urged  that their  hatred  to  popery  was  fo  great,  that  they  could  not  endure  to  fee  an  orate  fro  anima  or even  a  crofs  on  a  monument  without  defacing  of  it.  But  it  is  plain  that  it  was  more’ the poor  lucre  of  the  brafs,  than  zeal,  which  tempted  thefe  mifereants  to  this  aft;  for  there  was no  grave  ftone,  which  had  an  infeription  cut  on  itfelf,  that  was  defaced  by  any  thin<r  but  aoe throughout  this  whole  church.  °  ° The  prefent  noble  pavement,  which  is  put  in  place  of  the  ragged  and  (battered  old  one has  quite  taken  away  the  few  infcriptions  that  were  left  us,  which,  indeed,  were  bv  no means  figmficant  enough  to  hinder  the  defign.  And  had  it  not  been  for  the  care  of  the  fo mous  Roger  Dodfworth  who  luckily  collefted  the  epitaphs,  before  the  times  of  plunder  and rapine  in  the  civil  wars;  the  names  of  moft  of  thefe  venerable  dead,  fome  of  which  are  re markable  on  feveral  occafions,  would  for  ever  have  been  loft  in  filence.  This  man  Teems now  to  be  font  by  providence  before  the  fiice  of  a  devouring  fire,  to  colleft  and  fave  what was  valuable  from  fore  deftruftion  by  the  approaching  flames.  To  inftance  in  this,  a  ma- nulcript  fell  lately  into  my  hands,  which  carries  only  this  preface,  but  needs  no  other  re¬ commendation,  Epitaphs  out  of  the  metropolitical  church  and  all  the  other,  parochial  churches tscilom  the  moft  famous  and  ancient  cittie  of  Yorke  ;  moft  faithfully  collebled  by  me  Roger  Dodf worthe  the  xn'b  of  February  an.  dom.  i6r8.  This  manufeript  Mr.  Torre  has  feen  as  I think,  nothing  efcaped  him,  and  out  of  it  he  has  filled  up  what  would  otherways  have  been a  great  chafm  in  h.s  monumental  account  of  the  church.  From  both  thefe  authorities  I fhall  be  able,  in  fome  meafure,  to  reftore every  perfon  his  own  epitaph;  and  by  a  plan  of the  old  pavement,  as  near  as  poflible,  give  the  reader  an  idea  where  the  grave-ftone  was  pla- ced  that  once  bore  the  infeription.  It  will  not  be  amifs,  before  I  proceed  to  thofe  particu lars,  to  fpeak  fomething  of  epitaphs  in  general  s  to  make  a  comparifon  betwixt  ancient  and modern  ones ;  and  laftly  to  take  notice  of  fome  great  perfonages  who  have  been  buried  in this  cathedral,  without  having  any  monumental  infeription  over  them  at  all;  at  leaft  that can  now  be  reftored.  ’ To  obferve  of  epitaphs  in  general,  we  ought  to  confider,  firft,  the  original  defign  of them,  next,  the  nature  and  manner  of  the  infcriptions,  and,  laftly,  how  the  laft  acre  has fwelled  them  to  a  fize  enormous.  The  etymology  of  the  word  epitaph ,  from  the  Greek  is obvious  and  fignifies  no  more  than  fuperferibere,  to  write  upon  any  thing  ;  but  it  is  by  Ju¬ liana  confined  to  this  kind  of  memorial  of  the  dead.  The  Greeks  and  Romans  made  ufe  of infcriptions  in  ftones,  &V.  totranfmit  to  pofterity  the  names  and  qualities,  as  to  offices  of their  heroes,  commanders  and  relations  •,  but  we  meet  with  few  encomiums  on  their  peVfo- nal  virtues  in  Grider's,  Spoil's ,  or  Montfau con's  collections.  A  D.  M.  or  diis  mambas,  was all  the  recommendations  the  pagan  funeral  monuments  bellowed,  and  our  Chrijlian  anceftors were  as  modeft  in  their  orate  pro  anima ,  or  cujus  animae  propitietur  Bens.  We  are  not  to  fup- pofe  but  that  there  were  men  of  as  much  probity,  honour  and  honefty,  in  this  country  in former  ages  as  in  later.  Yet  they  ftrove  to  build  monuments  for  themfelves  in  their  life¬ time,  in  or  about  the  church.  And  certainly,  to  have  a  bare  coat  of  arms,  fixed  on  the walls,  as  a  contributor  to  the  building,  or  repairing,  of  this  magnificent  fabrick,  is  a  much greater  glory  than  to  be  reprefented  in  a  fulfom  panegyrical  epitaph,  though  under  a  ftatue carved  by  another  Praxiteles. .  ^  g°°d  man  deferves  praife,  and  the  fpeaking  often  of  fuch  is  of  great  ufe  in  promoting virtue:  But  then  to  reprefent  ill  men  as  good,  and  to  raife  them  up  to  heaven,  in  an  epf- taph,  as  lure  as  they  are  laid  in  the  earth  beneath  it,  is  one  effe<5lual  way  to  encourage  wick- ednefs.  And  yet  this  is  now  a-days,  but  too  frequently,  pra&ifed.  The  French  have  a  fe- vere  proverb  on  this  head,^  il  mentoit  comme  une  epitaph ,  he  lies  like  an  epitaph  ;  in  allufion to  the  elogies  ufually  contained  therein,  which  are  not  always  over  juft.  Our  anceftors,  no queftion. Chap. II.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK,  48; qneflion.  had 'their  defers  as  well  as  vertues,  hut  then  they  wefe  not  guilty  of  fuch  extra- Cathedrai, vagancies  in  their  praifes  of  the  dead.  For  inftance  in  our  own  church,  Church. Who  can  bear  to  read  a  long  dull  encomium  on  a  child  of  fix  years  old,  where  the  au¬ thor,  fome  trencher  fcholar  to  the  family  no  doubt,  fhamefully  dreffes  it  up  in  the  garb and  gravity  of  a  man  of  threefcore.  Or,  r'ifum  teneatis  if  you  can,  when  you  are  told, •by  an  old  doating  doctor  of  divinity,  that  his  wife,  who  he  fays  died  of  her  twenty  fourth child,  flood  death  like  a  foldier,  and  looked  as  lovely  in  her  coffin  as  a  young  blooming virgin.  This  puts  me  in  mind  of  one  (till  carried  higher  in  Wedminfter -abbey,  where  a tender  hufband  bewails  the  lofs  of  his  plaything  bitterly  ;  and  tells  us  he  was  lb  ft  ruck with  the  accident,  that  he  was  incapable,  for  a  time,  to  do  the  common  offices  of  na¬ ture  •,  and,  having  a  good  place  at  court,  forfook  it  to  retire  and  weep  himfelf  into  a Niobe  in  the  country  (j). Thefe  abfurdities,  I  fay,  are  what  the  undents  were  ftrangers  to,  and  would  have  been afhamed  of  j  but  are  not  lo  to  us.  And  yet  I  do  not  deny  but  that  there  were  many worthy  prelates,  clergy,  gentry,  &c.  who  are  dcfervedly  praifed  ;  having  been  men,  fome of  them  in  our  own  age,  of  known  worth  and  integrity.  A  fond  hufband  alfo  may  be allowed  to  launch  out  a  little  in  praifes  of  an  excellent  wife.  But  yet  I  could  wifh, that  even  the  belt  of  thefe  perfons  had  no  further  recommendation  to  pofterity,  over them,  than  Mr.  Addifon' s  noble  thought  this  way  •,  which  he  modeftly  fays  was  wrote  by another  perfon  for  his  own  tomb-ftone,  liz. Hicjacet  R.  C.  in  expedlatione  diei  fupremi  ; Qualls  erat  i/le  dies  indicabit. I  hope  this  digreffion  will  be  pardonable,  I  mean  not  to  abftracft  from  any  character  in our  church  epitaphs  •,  1  only  fpeak  the  fenfe  of  the  laft  named  author,  in  general,  and what  I  have  learned  from  very  good  judges  of  this  aflair  in  particular.  I  fhall  now  juft mention  the  names  of  fome  eminent  perlons  which  hiftory  informs  us  were  buried  in  this cathedral  without  any  other  memorial.  The  tombs,  without  epitaphs,  that  are  affigned to  fuch  prelates,  as  either  had  them  not  at  firft,  or  have  been  robbed  of  them,  I  have given  draughts  of  at  the  end  of  their  lives.  And  fhall  refer  the  reader  to  the  fite  and  di- ftintft  places  of  thofe,  and  the  reft  which  have  monumental  inferiptions  on  them  to  the two  plans  of  the  church. To  begin  with  the  burials,  from  the  firft,  I  fhall  not  look  for  the  fepulcher  of  king Ebrank  •,  nor  of  the  reft  of  the  Britijh  kings  and  princes  which  Geofry  Monmouth  affurcs us  died  and  Were  buried  at  York.  But,  to  defeend  to  greater  certainties  and  better  authori¬ ties,  I  fhall  begin  with  Venerable  Bede ,  who  writes  that  the  head  of  our  famous  king Edwin ,  was  interred  in  the  cathedral  at  York ,  of  his  own  founding  -,  and  his  body  was  Edwin, buried  at  Whitby  (g).  As  alfo  Elhebn  and  Etkeldrida ,  a  fon  and  a  daughter  of  this  king.  ^ Thefe  two  laft,  fays  Bede ,  died  fo  foon  after  baptifm,  that  they  had  not  put  off  the  white  A  dclxxx rayment,  then  worn,  for  fome  time,  by  fuch  profelytes  as  received  the  lacred  laver. Bofa  archbifhop  of  this  province  died  and  Was  buried  in  his  cathedral  ( h ).  Eofo Eadbert  king  of  Northumberland  died  and  was  interred  in  the  porch  of  St.  Peter’s  church  j?^  v  ‘  • in  York.  Two  years  after,  Egbert  his  brother,  archbifhop  of  this  province,  died  and  was  bu-^beit* ried  befides  him  (i).  Dcclxvu. Eanbald  fucceffor  to  the  laft  named  king  was  here  alfo  interred  ( i ).  Eanbald For  many  years  after  this,  during  the  Danifh  wars,  the  archbifhops  of  this  province Dccxcvn. died  and  were  buried  none  knows  where.  Nor  is  there  any  notice  taken  in  hiftory  of  any confiderable  perfon’s  being  interred  at  York  ;  except  we  mention  St.  Evcrilda ,  an  abba-  ^  £ ^ tefs,  whom  the  Danes  flew  with  all  her  convent;  and  fhe  is  laid  to  have  been  buried  at  '  VU1  x' York  (k). In  the  year  1014,  fays  Simeon  of  Durham t  Sweyne  the  pagan  Danifh  king*  a  man  repre-  Sweyneioi4- fented  to  be  horribly  cruel,  was  flain,  by  a  miracle  at  Gainfborougb ,  in  the  midft  of  his conquefts,  and  buried  at  York.  The  miracle  is  too  extraordinary  to  infert. Tojly ,  the  furious  earl  of  Northumberland,  killed  at  the  battle  of  Stanford  bridge,  was  ^ brought  to  York  and  there  interred  (/ ). Aldred  archbifhop,  next  occurs  to  be  laid  in  his  cathedral,  juft  before  the  deftruftion  of  A]jrcd  I0g9 it  by  William  the  conqueror. Thomas  his  fucceffor,  who  rebuilt  the  chufch,  died  here  and  was  buried  in  it.  So  was  Thomas  1 103 Gerard,  archbifhop,  anno  1 108. (f)  Monument.  Weft.  Keep. ( g )  Adlatum  eft  autem  caput  Edwini  regis  Ebura- cum,  et  inlatum  poflea  in  ecclefia  beati  apoftoli  Petri, cjuam  ipfe  cepit,  gee.  Bede.  The  heads  alio  of  Ofvrin •and  Ofwald,  kings  and  martyrs,  are  faid  to  be  buried at  York. (h)  Ex  eodem. ( i )  Stubbs  aci.  pontif.  Ebor. (  k )  Ex  vita  fancior.  in  eccle.  Ebor  fepult . (/)  Sec  the  annals  of  this  work,  _and  the  accounts ot  thefe  prelates  lives  for  the  reft. 6  l Thomas Roger  1 1 S  i Writer  Grey 1  z55 Scwal  1258. 490  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. Cathedra!.  Thomas  the  fecond  was  here  alfo  interred,  though  now  no  memorial  is  in  being  of  either CHuRCHji  0f  them. Henry  Murd.ic,  archbifhop  lies  buried  in  this  cathedral  5  but  without  any  monument Hcmy  Murdac  that  I  kilOW  of. "  53  The  firft  prelate  that  we  can  fix  a  place  of  fepulture  to,  in  this  cathedral,  is  William  ; William  1 154 comnion|y  called  St.  William.  It  is  true  his  bones  were  removed  from  the  place  of  their fir  ft  interment,  and  were  laid  in  the  nave  of  the  church,  under  a  long  narrow  marble  al¬ tar  table  •,  of  the  fame  kind  of  ftone  the  font  is  made  on.  What  appeared  upon  taking up  this  altar  ftone  I  have  deferibed  in  the  account  of  this  prelate’s  life.  His  ftirine  whicli was  exceedingly  adorned  with  gold,  jewels,  &V.  was  built  over  h'is  bones;  a  defeription of  which  the  reader  will  meet  with  in  the  fequel. Archbifhop  Roger  comes  next  in  this  lift,  who  lies  in  an  antique  tomb  in  the  nort of  the  nave,  as  is  already  taken  notice  of.  ^ Waller  Grey's  tomb  bears,  alfo,  no  inlcription.  Here  was  a  chantry. His  immediate  fuccefibr  Sewal  de  Bovil  has  alfo  a  monument  in  this  church  without any  infeription. Godfrey  1264  Archbiihop  Godfrey  de  Kin  ton  is  laid,  by  Stubbs ,  to  be  buried  in  his  cathedral  ;  but  the place  of  his  interment  is  unknown,  unlefs  we  fuppofe  the  tomb  on  the  right  hand  Waller Grey* s  to  be  his. Langton  i-,g  The  tomf-,  0f  William  Rangton,  dean  o {York,  which  once  ftood  near  the  clock  cafe,  is  the firft  that  bore  any  infeription.  An  account  of  which,  with  an  accurate  draught  taken  be¬ fore' it  was  demolifhed,  may  be  fourid  in  the  defeription  of  that  part  of  the  church  where it  ftood.  The  fragments  of  it  lye  now  upon  archbifhop  Bowel ’s  tomb  ;  it  is  plain  this fine  monument  was  torn  in  pieces  by  the  Puritans  in  the  ufurpation,  for  it  was  (landing intire  anno  1641,  when  the  draught  of  it  was  taken. Walter  Gifford  Waller  Giffard,  archbifhop,  was  buried  in  this  cathedral,  as  Leland  writes  in  the  choif ,279-  end  of  the  church;  with  this  modeft  infeription  on  his  grave-ftone,  p  ALT6R GISFART  OBIIT  VII  KAL.  CQA1I  Q}nCLXXIX.  I  obferve  he  is the  firft  that  is  taken  notice  of  to  be  interred  in  the  choir,  but  the  place  now  not known* John  Remain,  and  Henry  Newark ,  fucceflors  to  the  former,  are  faid,  by  Stubbs ,  to  be both  laid  in  the  cathedral ;  but  now  without  any  more  memorial  of  them. William  de  Greenfield  comes  next.  Stubbs  has  laid  him  in  portion  S.  Nicholai,  St.  Ni- chol  ,' s  porch  in  this  church  ;  where  his  monument,  as  is  reprefented,  (till  remains.  The porcrai'-'  re  of  that  faint  is  in  the  window,  but  the  tomb  has  no  infeription. William  de  Melton,  archbifhop,  founder  of  the  weft  end  of  the  church,  died  anno  1340, and  was  buried  near  the  font,  ad fontem ,  fays  Stubbs ,  where  his  grave  was  found  ;  which was  covered  with  a  large  blew  marble,  quaterly  cloven ;  this  had  been  plated  with  brafs on  the  borders,  and  all  over  in  the  middle,  but  all  quite  erafed.  This  mifehief  muft  have been  done  at  or  near  the  Reformation ,  fince  Dodfwortb  is  filent  as  to  any  epitaph  on  this grave-ftone  in  his  time. Haiti  dd  ^  *n  t*ie  ycar  r344’  our  hift°r>ans  ta^e  notice  that  William  de  Hatfield  fecond  fon  to  king ‘..r  l  •  1 344,  Edward  III,  died  and  was  buried  in  our  cathedral  (n).  The  place  where  is  now  uncer¬ tain  ;  but  there  is  an  image  of  a  young  prince  in  alabafter,  proftrate  with  a  ducal  coro¬ net  on  his  head,  and  a  lion  couchant  at  his  feet,  which  in  all  probability  was  defigned for  him,  this  prince  dying  in  his  childhood.  Our  judicious  antiquaries  the  vergers  have long  told  a  fine  ftory  of  the  emperor  Severus  and  his  fon,  buried  at  Acombe-hills ,  where they  fay  this  image  and  that  of  an  old  man  was  found,  brought  hither  and  deposited  in this  church.  The  other  ftatue  I  am  more  at  a  lofs  to  account  for  ;  I  have  read  in  a  ma- nufeript  that  bifhop  Morelon  gave  it  to  the  church  as  the  image  of  Confiantine  the  great  ; but  where  he  got  it  is  not  taken  notice  of.  It  has  been  painted,  and  certainly  reprefents a  chriftian  By  the  crofs  on  the  bread,  what  further  I  (hall  leave  to  the  reader’s  conjetture by  the  drawings. Romain, New:,ik I2c,^.  1  299 Greenfield 13‘5- Melton  134 (»)  This  prince  was  born  at  Hatfield,  near  Donca- ficr,  trom  whence  he  took  his  furname,  and  not  at Hatfield  in  Hartfordfiiire  as  feveral  hiftorians  miftake. The  queen  Philippa,  his  mother,  on  this  occafion,  gave five  marks  per  annum  to  the  neighbouring  -abbey  of Koch,  and  five  nobles  to  the  monks  there;  which  fum. when  he  died,  were  transferred  to  the  church  of  York, where  the  prince  was  buried,  to  pray  for  his  foul ; and  are  to  this  day  paid  to  the  dean  and  chapter,  out of  the  impropriation  of  the  redloxy  of  Hatfield,  as  ap¬ pears  by  the  tolls. William ding  to  Stubbs ,  Zouch But  where  that  altar  flood  in  the tVilliam  de  la  Zouch  archbifhop  died  anno  1352,  and  was  interred  accordir againft  the  altar  of  St.  Edward  king  and  confeffor. church  is  now  unknown. John  Thorejby ,  the  laft  prelate  which  Stubbs  mentions,  was  buried  in  this  church  ;  and  Thordby laid,  as  that  author  writes,  before  the  altar  of  the  bleffed  virgin  'Mary  in  his  new  work  *353- of  the  choir.  This  altar  was  under  the  great  eaft  window,  but  no  flone  or  monument  does now  mark  the  place  of  his  interment ;  yet,  as  long  as  this  part  of  the  fabrick  Hands,  he cannot  want  a  memorial. The  next  prelate  that  occurs  to  be  buried  in  this  church  is  Richard  Scrope ,  beheaded  Scr°pe  1405. anno  1405.  His  tomb,  at  the  eaft  end,  is  ftill  remaining,  but  robbed  of  its  infcription in  brafs  which  run  round  the  verge.  To  this  monument  did  belong  a  large  quantity  of veftments,  jewels,  &c.  as  appears  by  Dugdale’s  inventary,  that  were  offered  to  the  fhrine of  this  loyal  martyr.  At  the  lame  time  with  the  archbifhop  were  buried  the  bodies  of Thomas  Mowbray  duke  of  Norfolk  and  fir  John  Laneplugh ,  beheaded  for  the  lame  crime  Mowbray, but  without  any  memorial.  ’  Laneplugh. Henry  Bowctt ,  archbifhop,  lies  oppofite  to  Scrope,  as  they  were  fo  in  principles,  but  Bowct. without  any  epitaph.  Hisjine  tomb  is  reprelented  at  the  end  of  his  life.  *  owctt  14 George  Nevill,  an  unfortunate  prelate,  died  after  his  return  from  banifhment,  and  was  Nevill  147G interred  in  the  cathedral ;  Leland  writes  that  he  and  his  fuccefTor  Rotheram  lie  together  in  ^ the  north  fide  of  our  lady’s  chapel  in  the  choir. The  tomb  of  Thomas  de  Rotheram  is  reprefented  at  the  end  of  his  life,  but  it  is  robb’d  Rotherarr of  the  infcription.  1500. The  HISTORY  ^'ANTIQUITIES  Rook  II. u  Savage,  Lee,  and  Young  are  all  taken  notice  of,  and  the  reft  of  the  monuments  will now  follow  in  their  proper  places. I  obferve  firft  that  in  the  choir  end  of  the  church  in  fifty  two  epitaphs  which  Mr. Dodfworth  gives  us,  near  thirty  of  them  were  remaining  entire  and  legible  before  the pavement  was  lately  altered.  Thefe  feem  to  have  been  preferved  by  the  choir  doors, which,  being  kept  for  the  molt  part  ftiut,  did  fecure  them  from  plunder.  But  what has  efcaped,  within  that  enclofure,  bears  no  proportion  to  thole  which  are  ftripped  with¬ out  -,  for  in  the  body  of  the  church  in  one  hundred  and  thirteen  epitaphs,  not  twenty  ot them  were  left,  and  half  of  thofe  were  cut  on  ftone.  Which  plainly  proves,  as  I  hinted before,  that  the  poor  lucre  of  the  brals  was  the  greateft  motive  to  the  defacing  thefe  ve¬ nerable  remains  of  antiquity. Again,  I  take  notice  that  there  are  but  two  in  the  whole  catalogue  of  inferiptions that  rife  higher  in  date  then  the  thirteenth  century.  Nor  are  there  any,  commonly  to be  met  with,  in  England,  that  I  know  of.  The  tomb  of  dean  Langton  claims  feniority to  any  in  his  church,  for  an  epitaph;  being  dated  anno  1279,  as  is  vifible  upon  the  re¬ mains  of  it  at  this  day.  This  tomb  Mr.  Dodfworth  fays  flood  within  an  iron-grate  near the  clock,  on  the  right;  he  calls  it  a  brafs  tomb,  and  fuppofes  that  the  dean  was  flain by  an  armed  man  at  mafs,  becaufe  the  image  had  a  reprelentation  of  a  wound  in  its head ;  and  the  ftory  was  depifted  in  the  adjoining  window.  I  take  this  to  have  been fome  allufion  to  the  murder  of  St.  Thomas  a  Beeket,  lor  we  are  not  to  luppofe,  that  the brother  of  Stephen  Langton,  then  archbilhop  of  Canterbury,  could  be  flain  in  fo  pub- lick  a  manner  and  no  notice  taken  of  it  in  hiilory.  The  monument  fared  no  better  for its  covering  with  brafs,  for  the  plunderers  in  the  ftripping  broke  the  ftone  to  pieces; which  were  lately  found  buried  in  the  ground,  probably  by  fome  confiderate  perlon  of thofe  times,  in  digging  dean  Fmche’s  grave.  I  lhall  begin  my  defeription  of  the  grave- ftones,  monuments,  ts’ c.  from  the  fouth  entrance  of  the  croft  ilk,  and  then  this  remark¬ able  tomb  of  Langton's,  takes  place  according  to  its  feniority. Monumental o  o The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. 494 ATHEDRAL Monumental  INSCRIPTIONS  from  Mr.  Dodfworth’s  m.vnfcript. South  Crofs-IJle. N.  B.  Thofe  marked  L  in  the  margin,  were  legible  before  the  old  pavement  was  taken up  ;  5  where  the  infcription  was  cut  on  ftone,  and  the  figures  refer  to  the  fite  of  the gravc-ilones  in  the  old  ichnography. . .  Lmgton  ^  jjin  ReQUieeEir  corpus  yiuehcoi  De  landuston  a  quondam  dg I279-  EANI  6BORAEI,  QUI  OBIIT  DIG  SCI.  SplTJJINI  ANNO  DOcp.  flQEELXXIX. EUJUS  ANICOA  SIT  EUT)  DGO. 2-  Archbifhop  Sewal  de  Bofvil ;  fee  his  life  for  the  print. 3.  Soza  1 560.  fflf  pour  cjaeitie  piap  foe  tljc  foulis  of  spartin &oja  golofmitb,  bom  tit  &aphire  in  &papne, 1.  s.  atio  cEIpttc  his  toteff,  irljofc  fotiles  <©oo  patDon.  SDf  this  cpttc  he  h>as  IberiAfe,  tnho  liras tuinea  m  this  place,  ana  opco  the  17th  Dap  of  iSttobcr  in  tt)c  pear  of  out  llojo  ®oo 1 560. In  the  window  by  the  clock. Ediington.  4,  £,,ate  p:o  aittma  Dom.  3ohannts  (Winston  quonoam  rettojts  ecclcltc  oc  Kabenfr T  math. Richardfon  ►£,  Hie  jacet  Johannes  Richardfon,  clericus  fuccentor  quondam  ecdefie  mctropl.  Ebor.  qui  obiit 1609.  ‘  9  Julii  1609. shclfcrd  U09  4.  ®:ate  p:o  atttma  ntagiifrt  3ohannis  De  &hcIfo?o,  quonoam  curie  CEboi.  epaminafojts ct  petfone  altans  8>.  Sffiltlliclnu  in  erclclta  rath-  Cbo:.  qui  obiit  put  Die  menus  Juitt anno  Dom,  1409.  cujus  aiurne  ptopitietur  SOcus. 4,  Die  iatet  magtlfct  Kobcrtus  <£fentiialo  quonoam  tutie  <Sbo:.  procurator  gcncralts,  qui ECanwaj  v  mcnns  Dctcmbjts  anno  Dorn.  1466,  emus  anime  pjopitietur  2>eus. *44°-  _ 3men. *  iD-atc  P'O  anima  Dom.  2Eb°mc  Stple  quonoam  bttartt  tjmus  ccclcfie,  qnt  obiit  bit  Die style  .4ss.  t  •  nltn(Js  &cptcntbjts  anno  £>om.  1485.  emus,  fc.  amen. £;att Chap. II.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK.  4 9t ,  ,,  ,  Cathedra1* 4  ©rate  pio  amma  00m.  SCfiomc  Kobinfon  quonDam  Dicar.  iffius  cccIcCc,  qiit  obut  r.  DiecnuncH. mentis  fljati  an.  ©om.  1543.  Cujus  anime,  fe.  ©men.  cnfi-rft. ,  Robinfoni543 ^  ^ic  jacef  (©coitus  arm*  quonDam  fratcc  OTtlltclmi  SrtjefflclD  Decant,  qui  Sheffield  1 497. obiit  rD.  Die  apt.  air.SDom.  1497- 3cfu  tnirecerc  met. spifcccrc  met,  Domittc  ©eus,  fccunoum  magnant  mtfcricotDtam  fnarn. 4.  j&epultura  Milliclmi  j&Jeffielo  Decant  8.  Die  ©eccm.  an.SDom.  1497-  shcfficidi+g?. igic  jaect  Dam.  Joljamics  jFit$<Ijerbert  quonDam  Bicattus  iffitts  ccclclte,  qni  obiit  tbiii.  Die  Fitzherbert menfis . an.  ©out.  1406.  ho6- ©  mercpfull  3cfu,  of  ffjp  bleffcD  pific  iierby. Pane  merep  of  tljc  foul  of  3lfbrlt  lUcebp. Archbilliop  Walter  Grey.  See  his  life.  5- Suppofed  archbifhop  Godfrey  de  Kinton  in  the  print  above.  6. jgic  jaect  egeegius  canto?  ittrltbicus  in  urna,  Kirkby. ©tgami  qui  feite  tangerct  units  craf. tEoioit  iitfigucs  eautus  moDulamine  otilci, pujus  ccat  templi  gloria,  fplcnoo:,  fjonw. spagita  (jujus  fuecat  probifas,  fapientia,  bittus, ©onfilto  cniluit,  moribus,  iitgcnio. gillie  jaect  KaDuIpljus  Coltonus  facre  (Geologic  baccalaurttis,  CliBcianDic  arcfjioiatoittis,  Colton  1482, Cbo.raccnfis  ccclclic  prcbcnDariiis,  et  ejufDem  rcfiocns,  qm  oboormiDit  S.  tpati,  actat. beto  55,  is82- ►4  ©f  pour  cljarifp  p.’ap  for  tljc  foul  of  ipargarett  SEcff)  luife  unto  Sj)r.  ©riff  ram  JEeflj,  of  tljc  Ten,, cittpc  of  p ojlic  notartc,  ano  principal  rcgtffcr  of  tljc  arefjbinjopjiefe  of  jSorlic,  inijicb  £par* gacctt  DcpaetcD  unto  tljc  merep of  allmigbtp  <®oD  the Dili. Dap  of©eccmbcr,  ait.  ©out.  1537. 44  pic  jaect  Dom.  foljannes  perberi,  quoitDam  bicarius  ilftus  ceclcGe,  qui  obiit  1478.  Herbcry  ,+78. 4.  Orate  pro  anima  magiffri  Wfilltclnti  3Lantb?on  in  uteoque  jure  baeealaurc  et  in  capclla  LamW bcatc  ©vie  ct  faint,  angclomm  eanoniei,  et reBcrenDtffimornm  pat.  Dominotnm  ©cotgii  1+81. jlaurciitit  rt  JDjjome  arebiepifeopornm  CEbojum  regiffrani.  ffiut  obiit  rtbi.  Die  mcnGs ®etob.  an.  ®om.  1481.  Cujus  aniine  propitiefur  ©eus.  ©men. *  l)ic  jaect  fl'ilo  Jpefcalf  qnonDam  rccoroato?  iffius  eibitafis  ac  etiam  unus  juffieiarius  Dom.  M«caif  ,«c regis  apuo  lunraffre,  qui  obiit  rrD.  Die  mentis  jFcb?uarii  an.  ©om.  1495.  Cujus  aniine ptopitietur  ©eus,  ©men, 4  ©?atc  pro  anima  magiffri  aiaiit  DC  jjJeluatli  curie  Cborum  quonDam  aDboeati,  qut  obiit  Newnk pin.  Die  mcnGs  aunii  an.  ©out.  1412.  piarn  uniberfe  carnis  eft  ingrclfus.  Cujus  anu  ■+'-■ ntc,  je. 4.  ©rate  pro  anima  Dom.  aoljannis  Burn  quonDam  parfonc  ecelcGc  eatfj.  ©bo?.  celebrant.  aDBum  >479. altare  S>.  Cbrittofcri,  qui  obut  rBii.  Die  mcnGs  jfeb.  an.  ©om.  1479.  Cujus  anime  pro* pitictur  ©eus, 4  ©rate  pro  anima  Sljome  Cffou  quonDam  cap.  cantarie  aD  altare  £>.  Cljriffofcri,  qut  obiit  Efton  1494. b.  Die  menfis  iluguffi  an.  ©om.  1494. fe>oli  ©co  Ijono?  ct  gloria, Eugenio,  birtutc,  fioc  Dare  bir  locus  ilfe Ofulgi  Boce  parent  noBcrat  ante  Diem. 4  Kobcrtus  SBofljc  Decauus  1487. Ijcrc  Ipctij  Itic  boon  of  William  Wtoler  late  of  tljc  cittpc  of  ftorke  merchant,  itifjo  tico  the  rrt  Woofer .  „• Dap  of©cccmbcr  1597,  ano  did  giBc  liberal  legaeps  to  ffjc  pane  of  this  cittpc  to  mifoners anD  to  tljc  erection  ol  a  free  fcljool  in  Binglcp  Uifjcre  be  bias  borne. 4 prop for  tljc  foul  of  ©fjomas  jfieiron,  late  tomilfarp  of  ttje  ConGlfotp, court  Inithiu  this Ndfon.,;, cfjttrclj,  air.  1553. 4f9ic  jaect  {fflilliclmus  Cljaumb’c  gcncrofus  qui  obiit  ppii.  Die  ntettfis  j2obcnib;is  an.  1478  chaumber cujus  antme  propitictuc  ©eus.  ©men.  '  1478. 4  ©?aec  Pto  animates  magiffri  Cilberti  Ppncljbecb  quonDam  magiffri  fcljolarum  gramatia  pinchbeck calitmi  Petri  ffibot.  qui  obut  penultimo  Die  mcnGs  3aiiuarii  a.  ©.  1457.  c£t  agitctis  ‘457 urons  rue,  que  obiit  ...  Die  mcnGs  ©nob?is  a.©.  1431.  quotum  animabtis  ptopitie, tur  ©eus.  amen.  r 4  l^ic 496  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book II. qu“"’  *’  ^  /atct  ©om.  pijilippua TLciucs  quonDam  patfona  alfaris&.caillielnii,  out  obtit  bi.  d>'e crofi-ifie.  mends  spait  a.  ©.  1476.  cujus,  {t. KMby  '',b'  Pie  drums  jacct  (joe  tub  marinate  pious; Kcooat  ci  mumiB,  qut  rcgnat  trams  ct  unus. Vavifour  *5*  l't  jacct  (icnricus  Etabafour  gencrofus  mipcr  filins  3o(jaums  ESabafouroe  /Jcfoton  m,i im.  obiit  bicclimo  pjtmo  Die  ©ttobjis  Sit.  ©om.  i523*  cujus  anime  pjopitietur  Sens amen.  r Hatpham  l@if  jacct  ©om.  OTtlltcmus  Warpham  quonDam  patfona  altaris  fc.  fjJichaciis,  qui  obiif  b. 141+-  b'D  apt.  an.  ©om.  1414.  cujus  amme  pjopitictur  ©cue,  amen. Roch  Koc(j  jacct  (jit  Wtll’mus  moitis  Dcbiaue  in  utita, <Et  fua  fc  conjiif  bolbitnt  agues  (junto, lijoium  rnmtnpotcns  animabue  (it  milcratoj, ©t  baleant  plactoc  fcanDctc  regna  poli. Beil.  ©  merciful  Jcfu,  that  brought  man’s  foule  from  TjJcII, Igabc  merep  oftijc  foule  of  Jane  JBell. wymai.  asuficus  ct  logiciie  efflprnai  fjic  jacct  cccc  3o(jauncs, ©jgana  namquc  qtiafi  fccctat  file  loqtit  (0), Wandesford  $ic  buocautc  fiti  infantes  utctitti  ©(jonra  pattc  fati  WTanDesfojD,  nomine  funf  Ijie  E0illicl< ■487-  mus  EElanocsfoj.D  ct  3oljaimcs  ftatet  ej  us,  obicrunt  biccf.  Die  mentis  ©a.  a.  Dorn.  14S7. Marfar  1546  *  ©-’ate  p?o  aiiim.i  magittri  ©borne  fpatfar  quonDam  canon,  rclioen.  (jujus  almc  ccr metrop.  ©bo?.  ct  pjcbcno.  Dc  iUngfoft  ac  teaoiis  De  ©fccicit,  qui  obiit  biii.  Die  W an.  ©om.  1 546. ©ui  Dapibus  multos  pabif,  nunc  pafeitut  ipfc, ©tpofeit  pjccibns  nil  petit  ipfc  magis. simpfon  ©fate  P?0  amnia  ©om-  SCbomac  Simpfon  quonoam  patfone  ao  alfarc  fb.  ©(jrittopber.  m ■  49'-  seel,  catlj.  ©bo?,  qui  obiit  rbt.  Die  3pj.  an.  ©om.  1491-  cujus  anintc  pjopitictur  ©cus. amen. Tanfisid  *  ©?atc  p?o  attima  Dorn.  Jobannis  ©anficlD,  quonoam  bicatii  (jujus  ccclcCc,  qui  obiif  ulf i442-  Die  mcnlts  0pj.  an.  ©om.  1442. Againlt  the  wall. 7.  Higdon,  ©f  sent  cljaritic  pjap  for  fljc  foule  of  matter  iojpait  iBigOen,  fometime  Dean  of  fljis  me* Jt*«.  i  no.  tropolitical  cbutclj,  nnD  rcfiDentiarp  of  the  fame  bp  tljc  fpacc  of  rriii.  peares,  Sutjict)  Depart*# of  almigjjtp  ©od  t(jc  fiftfj  of  June  in  tljc  pcrc  of  our  iiojo  ©00  1539. On  a  plain  tomb  was  once  this  epitaph  (p)  : s  f vines.  >{<  ijere  Ipctb  tljc  boDp  of  ©bomas  ©pmes  cfquier,  one  of  (jet  majeGics  rounfcll  effablittjeD 1 57s-  in  tljc  noittj  parts,  nnD  fccrctarp  anD  beeper  of  ber  (jigljnrfs  fignett  afpointco  foi  tfjc  faio cpunfcll,  tobo  matrteD  ©lijabctjj  one  of  tljc  Daughters  of  fit  CDtoarO  j^ebill  linight,  anD  Deo parteD  out  of  this  life  to  the  merep  of  ©00  the  rirth  oap  of  augutt  an.  ©om.  1578. (0)  Who  made  the  organ  to  fpeak,  as  it  were. Sf:ciator. (p)  This  tomb  was  removed  for  the  laying  the  new pavement. 1  On Chap.  II.  of  the  CHURCH  ^  YORK.  497 On  a  copper  plate  in  the  wall  over  this  tomb  is  the  effigies  of  a  woman,  in  her with  this  infcription  : J  Ijabc  cljofcn  the  tear  of  tbr  truth,  mo  tbr  judgments  bate  J  laid  bcfoic  me. tjade  been  me  fongs  in  tljc  boufc  of  mp  pilgrimage. Underneath, fncrc  Ipetb  fbc  boor  of  CElijabctb  c£pmcs  toiooto,  late  toife  of  EEhomas  ©pmes  efquier  Berea*  Eym«  1583. fco,  one  of  tbc  gcntlctoomcit  of  queen  Glijabetb  bee  pjibp  ebamber,  and  Oaugbtcr  of  g>ir Gotearo  .p-ebill  Imigbt,  one  of  tfjc  pjibp  chamber  to  Istug  ipentp  tbe  eigbtb,  tebo  oepartco tljis  life  to  tbc  merep  of  ©00  ibc  tijirD  cap  of  jfebjuarp  anno  SDom.  1583. CATHEDRal hand  a  book  Church. Crofs-ijle. IbS  ttatates 9.  Egremond, BiJ hop  fujfra- gun. atquc  lupi  rabiem  mobit  ab  eoc  trueem. aitgmnc  quot  fan  sit  pueros,  quot  pjcsbptcrofquc, atfra  nil!  feirct,  crcocrc  nemo  balct. ante  pjopbanus  crat  locus  bit  quern  Dcrtra  bcabtt ©jus,  ot  bme  p;o  fc  Oicitc  quifquis  abt. Igic  ©gremond  CSfiU’mus  SEjontoicnds  epifeopus  otim SBarmoje  pjo  nittois  tectus  utrinque  mitris. Dabit  ones  cttbifo  qui  tub  bis  pjcfule  bino, Ijerc  Iretb  ©cojgc  ©aple  cfquier  tobeci  teas  ttops  mapoj  of  tbps  cittpe,  ano  of  tbc  Sings  10.  Gayle input  be  teas  alfo  trcfurarc;  teittj  tebomc  Ipetije  bercbp  ladp  Sjjarpe  bis  topffe,  ano  JEbomas 1 SS7- his  fouc,  toljofc  foullcs  ©00  paroon.  311  tbops  that  reoptbe  this  oj  fee,  of  pour  cfjarptp fap  on  pater  nolfcr  ano  on  abc  foi  tbper  foulcs  ano  iften  fouls.  3.  1557. JlKl.  n.L.s. rgarep  sparer  sparer DLa©J9 Ipelpe  ipelpc  Iljclpe and  all  ibc  faints  of  beaben pjap  foj  us. Archbilhop  William  de  Grenefeld.  See  his  life. ff.  Cpie  jacct  Sbomas  EDanbp  nuper . in  com.  banco  eomitatus  ©boj.  ©ibitatis  Danby  1477. ©boj  ct  billa  oc  liingfton  fupja  Dull.  CEt  agues  uroj  cjus  ac  Johannes  unicus  filius cojunocm,  qui  quiocm . obiernnt  a.  EDotn,  1477.  lUuojum  animabiis,  fc. ►j,  EDjafc  pjo  anima  SDom.  Jobamtis  SDobanbp  quondam  bicar.  illius  ccclede  qui  obiit  rrb,  Do»anby die  mends  Jan  an.  SDom.  1481.  cujus,  ar.  amen.  ,481.  ’ ►fi  SDjatc  p:o  anima  dom.  Hobcrfi  ©ptloto  quondam  bicarii  bu/us  etclciie,  qui  obiit  rbii.  ote  r  n  . S^artii  an.  2>om.  1402.  yw,'4°A .J.  SDjafe  pjo  antnta  Jobannis  EDobc  quondam  capellani  ranfarie  do  faneta  anna,  qui  obiit Dotc  8. bi.  die  menBs  jfeb.  an.  EDorn.  1485.  tujus,  fc.  amen. *  Din  IAneT  DOT).  PVDO  D6  LVBB6SDORP6  QVONDA00  VICARIVS  EftORI  ,,  L  s istjvs  ecnLesie  evivs  ANrae  PROPiTieTVR  Devs . Lubbdthorpe, . QVI  OBIIT . A.  DOtp.  CQLCCLXI.  ‘361. Monumental  INSCRIPT  IONS  which  were  in  the  North  Ifle  of  the  Nave  or  Bod  v. ►J<  rpir  jacct  magilfcr  Jtbomas  appilbp  quondam  curie  ©boj.  pjocuratoj  generalts,  qui  obiit  r4.  Appiibv feptimo  die  mends  SDet.  ait.  £>om.  1400.  tcicedmo  tertio,  tujus  ammo  pjopitietur  EDeus.  1433.  r.  s. amen. *i<  Iptc  facet  cojptts  magitfri  Jobaititts  fjjatcteood  quondam  curie  ®boj.  adboratus,  qui  obiit  ,5jurewood, riit.  die  mends  gieptcmbjis  a.  Stem.  1406.  cujtia  anime  pjopitietur  EDeus,  amen.  1406.  l.s. ►i1  EDjafc  pjo  anima  Jo&annts  litat  bicarii  illius  ccrlcde  a.  SDom.  1475.  Kai_  1+7J EDjatc  pjo  anima  dom.  Sbomc  ©don  quondam  bicarii  Jujus  ccclefic.  ©ujus  anime  pjo*  Efton. pitictur  EDeus. 3  Uropc  bp  birth  a  l^armpt’s  toigbt  HooP>,  1608. a  bopclcfs  ©ibfou’s  teief, Bore  buried  Ipetb  her  boor  aright atfured  her  bopcfnll  lief. if 6  L Jn 49S  the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. Cathedra!  Jit  jjopc  0)C  UbcD,  ill  l)C|JC  tljC  DlcD Church.  ©btOUglj  faitbC  to  tpbC  foi  ape, Jlpfcc  lief  anti  Death  t)im  map  tocttOc 2®lf)En  Ijcncc  be  parts  atoap. ©biit  21.  Rpjit  1608. smih-IJIt.  South-Ifle  of  the  Body. 16.  Mauley  (q). On  a  brafs  plate  in  the  wall,  under  an  image  is  this  infcription: i-.Cottercl,  Jacobo  Cotrel  Dublino  primaria  Hiberniae  civitale  oriurtdo ,  pojlmodum  vero  chi  Eboracenfi '595.  armigero ;  cujus  corpus  fub  faxo  ihfigniis  ejus  notato  ajlantium  pedibus  urgetitr,  qui  annis  plus minus  viginti  fereniff.  dom.  reg.  Elizabethae,  ejufque  in  his  partibus  borealibus  fenatui  ( quod concilium  dicimus)  tejies  examinando  fiddlier  et  gnaviter  infervivit,  viro  certe  prudenti.  gravi , erudito ,  mifericordi ,  benefico ,  in  fe  tamen  abjetdijfimo ,  Deumque  imprimis  timenti  1  quique  hie fidentibus  vivus  curavit  ( e  muliis  minimum )  ut  inoffenfii  valetudine  liberius  federent  •,  fedentes , ji antes  hoc  benevolentiae  vicijfim  tribiiite ,  ut  una  cum  illo  vivo,  vivi  ipfi  dominum  Jefum  conce- lebretis  ■,  et  licet  adhuc  in  terris  agatis,  coeleftia  tamen  fedulo  cogitetis.  Obiit  5.  Cal.  Sept,  an¬ no  Dom.  1 595.  Eliz.  37. Dudley,  ij 05  fScpulfura  OTtlliclmi  iSjablcp  amused  rf  latomi  quonbam  magiifri  rementariojunt  bujus ccclcftc  mctropolit.  Cbo:.  qui  obiit  in  fcfto  omnium  (amtojum  anno  ©omim  1505.  Cujus anime  pjopitictur  ©cus. Barton  1400.  >J<  tfjic  jacct  Wiltictmus  Karfon  peltipaeius  Cbo?  qui  obiit  pc.  Die  mentis . an.  ©om.  1400.  ct  spargatefe  uroj  cins,  quo  obiit  rrr.  bio  mentis  Jiobembjis  an.  ©om. 1430.  quotum  animabus  pjopitietur  ©cus.  amen. is.  Banon,  >J<  j^ic  jatct  Kogerus  IBarton  quonbam  parfona  ecclelie  rati).  Cbo?.  ab  altare  fantti  Cbriffc- Hs7- L-  '  fo;i,  qui  obiit  2.  Die  mentis  ©it.  an.  1487.  cujus  anime  pjopitictut  ©cus.  #mcn. Mare.  jiepultupa  parentnm  Willitlmi  spate  capellam. sharparrow,  ©jatc  p?o  anima  bom.  Jobannis  Sbarparrobic,  quonbam  patfone  in  ecctctia  catJj.  ©bo;. Hu-  ab  altaec  fancti  ©bciffofoii,  qui  obiit  ub.  Die  ©a.  an.  141c 3cfu  babe  merer. warde  149-.  IDcepetua  pace  OTacbe  bic  reqntcfce  CGtiliclmi, pto  tc  bicat  abe,  qui  legit  itta;  bale. ©btit  pjuno  Die  mentis  Rugutti  an.  ©om.  1495- Brjgg,  ,404.  rf.  IfJic  jacct  Roam  be  IBjigg  quonbam  cibis  ©bo;.  qui  obiit  tbii.  Die  mentis  Junii  an. ©om.  1404- Dighwn,  Wit  Jatct  OTillielmus  be  ©igbton  miper  bintarius  cibifatis  ©bo;aci,  1 Jotjanna  uro;  ejus, >456.  "  qui  obiit  pit.  Die  Sicptcmbjis  an.  ©om.  1456. Peilefcm,  1 434.  aDjatc  p:o  anima  magittri  Willicltni  pcltefon  quonbam  arcbibeaconi  Clebelanb,  jc.  qui obiit  28.  Die  augutti  an.  ©om.  1434. ARMS.  A  fefs  entre  three  pellicans  wings  erefled. Middle-ifle,  from  the  wejl  door. 19. Newfome,  1  la  c  lyeth  the  body  of  John  Newfome  verger  of  this  church  eight  years ,  aged  thirty  years,  died ,678>  l  s-  '  Jan.  22,  1678. 20.  Grave,  Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Robert  Grave,  jun.  who  was  verger  of  this  church  thirty  eighty. years, 066,  l.s.  an(q  agEg  eighty  five  years  A.  D.  1666. Aibain.  ^  qgjc  Jacct  j^annes  01bain  piao:  et  Silicia  uro:  ejus,  p;o  qutbus  conceffi  funt  octoginta Dies  benic.  ©u  quitibct  bicito  p;o  cis  patec  et  abe. 21  .Parke,  l.s.  ©:ate  p;o  anima  Kicatbi  JDatbc. 2-  Kumpton  'B  jacct  Jobaitnes  Eumpton  quonbam  factilia  frnjus  ecclefic,  cujus  antme  pjbpiticfuc L.s.  ’  ©CUB. Spiiefby, 1472. Delamare 1461. r.)ic  jacct  magittet  Kobcrtus  &piitsbp  quonbam  magiffer  remenfatiojum  bujus  eedetie, qui  obiit  anno  ©0111.  1472.  Cujus  anime,  jc. tjaljic  jacct  magiffet  EJHitliclmus  ©clamacc  quonbam  canonicus  bujus  ccclcCe,  qui  obiit rtbi.  bio  j|3obcmbjis  an.  ©om.  1461.  cujus  anime  p.iopitittur  ©eus.  j3mcu. (q)  An  image  removed  into  the  north  ifle  of  the  choir,  where  fee  the  figure. ©jafe Chap.  II.  of  the  CHURCH  o/YORK,  499 Cathedral 4  pic  jarct  ntagtlf cc  JEljomas  tab?  quonDam  rancellarius  bujus  ccclcfic  ct  Oottoi  in  rtjcor  Church. ioctia  quiobiit  ppr.  Die  menfis  SBait  an.  Dom.  1+52  cujus  anitnc  pjopitietur  Deus.  amen. J  ’  A  Kcxby  1452. 4  V)ic  facet  magittcr  Johannes  Dc  fetjirctarnr  Oocto:  in  tbeologia,  quonDam  eancdlarius  Shireburn. ittius  ccclcfie.  Cujus  anime  pjopitictuc  Sens.  amen. 4  Djatc  pjo  anima  Dorn,  Jobannis  oEolinton,  quonDam  rcctojts  ccclelte  Dc  Habciifbaatl),  qui  EjSmm. obiit  pbi.  Die  menfis  9?artii . Cujus  anime,  »r.  amen. On  a  (bone  where  the  figure  of  a  prieft  in  brafs  is  taken  off,  are  thefe  words  in  divers places  of  it: Jcfu  fili  Dei  mifcrcrc  fui  ISanuIplji,  Ranulph. Dignatus  csnafci,  mifereee  tui  Kauulptji  (r). 4. Djatc  p:o  anima  magittri  Kitarci  arnall,  quonDam  fubocrani  ct  canoniti  ittius  ccclcfic  Arndi  i44!. rati),  ac  curie  CEboj.  offitialis  qui  obiit  it.  Die  mcnfts  Jumi  an.  Dorn.  1441- Coeli  folanicii  Gbi  net  Cfiriffus  pjccoj,  amen. jKcpofita  ett  tjee  fpcs  mca  in  Gnu, auftltnm  meum  a  Domino. 4  Ipic  facet  Dom.  OTilliclmus  Dc  jfcribp,  quonDam  atdjiocaconus  Clcbclanoic  ct  ittius  cc;Feriby  >479- dcGc  canonicus,  qui  obiit  111  fetto  faiicti  spattljci  apoftoli  an.  Dom.  1479. 4  bf)ic  jaect  00m.  JoIjanr.es  Cattcll  niifcu  ct  inoignus  facetoos. 4  Djatc  pjo  anima  magittri  Jobannis  Cattcll  niifcci  ct  iuDigni  faccrootis. 4  spifcrcrc  mci,  Dcus,  fecunDum  magitam  mtfericojDiam  fuam. 4  £>amtiffima  sparia,  mater  mifcricojDic,  oja  pjo  me. 4  spifcretc  mci,  Cbrittc,  quoniam  in  tcconfiDit  anima  mca. Archbifhop  William  de  Melton  fee  his  life. 4  tpic  jacct  Jofjannes  CfjapcU  corns.  Cujus  anime  pjopitictuc  Dcus. 4  Djatc  pso  anima  Dorn.  Jobannis  Ifornc,  qui  obiit  rric.  01c  mcnGs  Dcccmbjis  an.  Dom. 1508.  Cujus  anime  pjopitictur  SDetis. 4  Ific  jacct  magittcr  Johannes  jp.ottiugljam  tljcfaurarius  ccdcGe  catfj.  Cboi.  Dum  birit,  qui  NottmUam obiit  ri.  Die  menfis  Dcccmbjis  an.  g»om.  1418-  Cujus  anime  pjopitictuc  Dcus. i+js.  ’ 3men. 4  Djatc  pjo  anima  magittri  Lancdoti  Colinfou,  quonDam  lljefaurarii  ac  tcGoenfiarii  bujus  Coimfon ccdcGe  qui  obiit  biii.  Die  menfis  apjilis  a.  Dam.  1538.  Cujus  anime  pjopitictur  Dcus.  1338.  ’ amen. 23.  Caftcll, L.S. 24. Chappell. 4  Itjic  jacct  satilliclmus  Dent  decicus,  Dcfunctus  piii.  Die  menfis  Junu  an.  Dom.  1446. Cujus,  <ft. 4  Djatc  pro  anima  magittri  Jobannis  paftengbam  bujus  ccdcfic  tbefaurarii  ac  ccdcf  cob leg.  Kippon.  cauomci  rcfiDcntiani,  qui  obiit  fccuiiDo  Die  menfis  $)it,  an.  Dom  'xn Cujus  anime  pjopitictuc  Deus.  amen.  ' 4  Djatc  pjo  anima  Dom.  Jobannis  IBicmpngbam  tjefanrarit  ittius  ecdefte  ac'piccofitus  cr- dcf.  bcati  Jobannis  SBeberiaci,  qui  obiit  ppiit.  Die  menfis  epau  a,  Dom.  144  ‘  emus amnic  pjopitictuc  Dcus.  amen.  )  ,s 4  ail  gcoD  men  pjap  for  ebaritie  fo;  tbc  foulc  of  m.  CDfaarD  lit  diet  Doitar  rfjanto1  of  this eburrbe,  aito  coinitplarp  ano  rcccibcr  general  of  tljc  etdjequer,  Mjo  occeafcD  tbe  fifth  of September  anno  1 539.  J  J 4  pic  jacct  Dljonias  perefou  bujus  ccclcfic  eatljeDralis  fiibnecanus,  qui  obiit  rrbiit.  Die  mem Its  Dctobjisan.  Dom.  1490.  Cujus  anime  pjopitictuc  Dcus,  amen. 4  Djatc  pjo  amnia  magittri  Jobannis  aicpnc,  quonDam  curio  roitfitt.  Cbo:  commiirani geueralis,  qui  obiit  tii.  Die  Jfcb,  a.  D.  1488. 4  Djafe  pjo  animabus  Spargaretc  ESfatcr  biDue,  que  obiit  rb.  Die  mcnGs  &rptcm.a.  Dom sj!,omc  ®®#t«  nupcr  taiilliclmt  ct  spargarctc  pjcDia.  filii  notani  uublici' attojnati  fertbe  ct  rcgittcani  Domtnojum  Decant  ct  capituli  Ijujus  ccdcfic  qui  obiit  p'imo’ Dtc  menfis  Januaru  an.  Dom.  1439.  Duojum  animabus  pjopitictuc  Dcus.  amen. Djatc  pjo  mojtuis  quia  mojicmini. CEt  indjoantcs  attenoite  damantes. (r)  Mr.  Torre  fuppofes  [his  to  be  Ralph  Bird,  canon  of  this  church,  who  diet  an.  1483. fptfs* Dcnr,  1446. Pakengham, r477‘ Birmingham, 1458. Kellet,  1539. Perefon,i4  9° Aleyne,  1488. Water,  1410. •439- 4 500 Cathedral Church. MiiLlle-iflc. Smert,  1489. 23.  Beleby, 1553.  L.S. Holmes,  1579- 26  Huct, 1463.  L. Kepwick, 1418. 27.  Girling- ton,  15-84.  L. Thorne,  1573. Wilber  fofs, 1492. Langton, 1496. 28.  Gold- thorp,  L. 29.  Weftrope, 1606.  L. Manfell,!  541. 30.  Under¬ wood,  1615. L. Hunfdale, 1526. Hcrt,  1495. Creflacrc, if  04- Thorp,  1384 (') The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookII. ajiferemuu  mei,  imfcremini  mei tios  amici  mei,  quia  manus  Domini  tetigit  me. 4  EPjafe  pio  animabus  magittri  Joljannis  &mert  pjcbenDarii  in  capella  bcate  iBaric  ct famto’.um  angcUnum  ct  CCtitlielmi  Smert  fratns  fui,  qui  qmocm  Jotjanncs  rrtmi.  Die mcnOs  Januarii  an.  SDont.  14S9. ©crc  lpet|j  Cbriffopiicr  IBclcbp,  fometime  regiffer  to  tljc  djapter  of  ttjis  cijurclj,  of  Ijis route  Jciu  i)abc  merrp,  Ijc  DieD  ttjc  rnb.  Dap  of  JJobember  1 553. ©ere  tpetl)  tljc  rojps  of  James  ©olmcs  gent,  unfoitunatclp  murOereD  Juip  28,  1579. ARMS.  A  gryffin  (s). 4,  sDiate  poo  animabus  magittri  Joljannis  ©net,  quonbam  p:ocurato:is  curie  ffibot.  qui  obiit an.  EPom.  1+63-  et  spargarcic  urojis  fuc,  quomm  animabus  pjopitictur  EDcus.  amen. 4.  EPjatc  p’o  Williclmo  ISeptoicls,  qui  obiit  in  Die  fainte  Credit  birginis  ct  martens,  an. EPom.  1418. ©ft  jacet  magiffrr  J5icolau3  ©irlingtonius  ©aclifoiDicnfis  famitic  armiger  pjcclarus,  bera pictatc  intigms,  ct  omni  fptenoojis  genere  inttruaiffimus,  qui  cr  tjac  bita  migrabit  ocn>- mo  Die  Januarii  an.  Dorn.  1 584.  ctatis  fuc  bero  76. ©ere  tpetl)  Sljojnc  mutitian  mott  perfitt  in  art, jn  logicfes  loir  mtjo  bid  crcclt,  all  btcc  vutjo  fet  apart, ©Elijofc  lief  ana  conbcrfation  oiD  all  mens  lobe  allure, 3no  nob)  Dot!)  reign  abobc  (be  riipcs  in  jopcs  moil  firm  anD  pure. OTltjo  open  S>cc»mb.  7,  1573. 4,  fjjafe  p:o  anima  Jllani  tWllbcrfois  generoli,  qui  obiit  tfuguffi  rrii.  1492. 4.  ED’atc  p:o  anima  magittri  Williclmi  tlangton  facrc  tfjcologic  pjofclloiis  ar  jiujus  ccrlefie pjecentons,  qui  obiit  r.  Die  Jpobem.  an.  EDont.  1496-  Cujiis  anime  pjopitictur  E>cus. amen. ©ere  tpetl)  tfic  boDp  of  KiciiarD  4BolDtt)Oipc  lojD.-mapo;  of  ttjis  citp  of  Jh»ii,  butjo  DpeB  ttjc  tentf) of  spare!)  anno  EPom.  1557,  anD  left  nine  ctjttDjcn  begotten  of  ttje  laDp  Jane  ins  bnfc, biociicet,  Sljomas,  peter,  Sun,  Jane,  Cliiabcttj,  Clpnc,  spauo,  Joan  anD  jfranccs. Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Ralph  Weftrope  efquier,  ferjeant  at  armes  before  queen  Elizabeth  queen of  England  in ' the  coimfell  ejlablijhed  in  the  north,  and  the  firjl  fworne  for  that  attendance  to our  gratious  fivereigne  king'  James  the  firjl  in  his  entrance  into  this  kingdome  of  Englande,  who departed  the  fifteenth  day  of  June,  an.  Dom.  1606. 4  Sbatc  pjo  anima  magittri  millirlmi  S^anfcll  armigeri,  qui  obiit  ri.  Die  EDecembjis  ait. SDom.  1541-  Cujus,  tr. 4  &ub  i)oe  iapiDc  in  fpc  fancta  ct  fioc  cjjrtttiana  ratijolira  eternae  refurrettionis  reponitur roipns  magittri  Joljaunis  mnOcrbioDe,  otim  in  legibus  bacralanrit  confultiffimi,  qut  in  m> ria  tjae  cerlcfiatt.  annis  plurimis  nomcii  merebatur  fapicutis,  pti  ac  jutti  aobocati.  EDbiit bero  rriii.  Die  menfis  Juiii  an.  EDom.  1515-  Cujus  anime  pjopitictur  JDcus. 4  aDjate  pio  anima  D0111.  Joljannis  ©unfoaie,  qtionDam  bicarii  eboiiaiis  in  ceclcf.  metrop. beat)  petn  Cbomm,  qui  biam  umberfe  rarms  ingreitus  ett,  tub  fpc  piorntmoms  Ctjrifti rrb).  Die  menfis  Junit  an.  EPom.  152.6-  Cujus  amme  pjopitietuc  EDeus.  amen. 4  ^epuifura  Jobaunis  ©erf,  quonoant  Ijujus  ccelcfic  pieccntoiis  ac  picbcuDarii,  pjebcnD. dc  DrifficlD  ct  refioentiarii  ejuttem,  qui  obiit  octabo  Die  ©ccein.  an.  EDom.  1495. Cuius,  jo. 4  ©jatc  pro  amnia  magittri  CDUiarDi  CrclTacrc  quonDam  ittius  ccelcfic  fuboecani,  qui  obiit ult.  Die  menfis  spartii  an.  EPom.  1 504-  Cujus  anime  pjopitictur  E3ctis. ARMS.  Three  lyons  faliant. 4  Core  magittcr  3Dam  De  Jtliojpc  jacet  f)ic  tumulatus . . A  . . par  quam  tefonabat . fupra  affra  leuatum 3uftus  beccmcus  mumtus non  fertrifuim (s)  This  Mr.  Holmes  was  (lain  in  the  ftreets  of  this city.  MS.  penes  me. ( t )  Thefc  two  laft  epitaphs  were  thus  imperfeft  in Mi ,  Dedfworth's  time;  but  Mr  .Torre  remarks,  that  Adam de  Thorpe  canon  of  the  church  of  York  made  his  will, proved Ocl.  15,  1384,  whereby  he  gave  his  body  to  be buried  in  this  cathedral.  As  aifo  Richard  de  Thoren, <*»•  1 39»- 4  Igir Chap. II.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK.  jox ►4  lie  jacct  KieatBus  Be  ©fjoirn  quonoam  canonicus  refioentiarius  iflius  cccIcCc  .  .  .  Cathedra*' . . qui  obiit . 1391 . C“Y"H.‘ . rcocmpto;  incus  tiit.it  ct noftitttmo  Die . fmn  et  itt  carne  mea biDero  ©cum  falbatotcm . fum  ego  ipfe  ct  non  alius  ct  ocnlt  mci  confpcauti . IcobcrtllBjoDDpstDasburicDin  tljis  place,  Draper,  auo  fijenff  of  ttits  cite  ljc  mas  an.  ©om.i  553.  Broddys  15  J3. >4  3cfu  !wbc  merep  on  matter  foil's  s&oll.  amen.  Sons. 4  line  jacct  magittcr  ©Ijomas  ®lqlton  quonBam  oottoj  in  meOirints,  qui  obiit  tettio  Dccimo  3,.  wylton, Die  menGs  ifebjuarii  an,  ©0.11. 1447.  Cujus  anime  pjopitietur  ©cus.  amen.  .447.  r..s. ►4  t@unc  bcncbic  ©lirittc  quern  clauoit  (.unto  lapis  ittc  Branktre, 3oljan.  ffijanhtre  (u)  mans  jacct  .  .  .  .  nis  '37S- 311c  ittiuB  ccdcfic  fuit  bir  pjetto  foptiia £>criba  fuit  tegis  fcnisiit . anglojum  jura  firntata,  fuit  tibi  cura jOaupmbus  fabit  iuopcs  multos  ope  pabif. ►4  lie  jacct  Dom.JoIjanncs  Dc  CliffojD  quonoam  tljcfaurarius  tttiuu  cctlcice,  qui  obiit  tiiii.  Die  Clifford  1396. mentis  OSaii  1369.  jfiniente  biarn  uniberfe  carnis  cs  ingrelfus.  Cujus  anime  pjopir ttetue  ©cus.  amen. ARMS.  Cheque  on  a  fefs,  three  leopards  faces. 4  lie  jacct.  Bom.  tuill'mns  jfenton  uuper  rector  dc  qqetlicr<Eatallop,  qui  obiit  ttiii.  Die  Fenton,  1470, Jgobcmbjis  an.  ©om.  1470.  Cujus  anime  p,ioptttcfur©eus. 4  @jafc  pjo  anima  KicarDi  ©abifon,  quonoam  patfonc  iflius  cccleOc,  qui  obiit  penult.  Die  Dawfon, menf.  Julii,  an.  ©om.  1509.  Cujus  anime,  jr.  >509. ^Smbljoc  lapioejaccut  WKU’mus  Clcrttc  et  Cilicia  upoj  cjus,  qui  obicrunt  ib.  Die  mentis  cierke,  1 509. tiugutti  an.  ©om.  1509-  ©uojum  animac  in  pace  rcquicfcant. lie  jacct  Joljaimcs  blarbp,  quonoam  tbefaurarius  iflius  ecclclic  qui  obiit  21.  Die  mentis  Haxby  1424 Januarii  an.  ©om.  1424.  Cujus  anime  propitictur  ©eus.  amen. Haxbf  s  tomb,  removed  now  nearer  the  fpiritual  court. *  &»•>  !)°c  lapioc  rceonoi turn  jacct  corpus  magiffri  Martini  Colpns  Deer,  oottn«  otim  fbefaui rarii  rati).  Cbo:.  ct  ejufocm  ctclcGc  canonicus  rctiocntiarius,  qui  quoque  magittratum gcirit  pn.no  cummiffarii  DeinDe  offlcialis  Dorn,  arcijicpifcopi  in  curia  Cboj.  ufque  aD  Diem cjus  ertremum,  ob.  fiDc  catljolica  ct  fpc  bcatc  future  rcfurrcitionis  in  nobiffimo  Die  obiit autemab  ijoc  fcct.lo  in  Dominica  feptuagef.  bij.  quarto  Die  ntcnfls  ifeb.  an.  ©om.  jurta computatioucmanglicana.il  150S.  Cujus  anime  temper  psopitins  "tit  ©eus.  amen. ARMS.  On  a  bend  three  martlets. St.  JVilliam ,  archbilhop.  See  his  life. Monumental  INSCRIPTIONS  in  the  North  Ille  of  the  Choir. 4,  ©rate  p:o  anima  ©erarDi  lalognbp  quoitnam  cognati  magittri  ©Ijomc  JJojtington  quon* Dam  ttjefaurarit  iflius  ecclclic,  qui  obiit  pernio  01c  mentis  JFebruarii  an.  ©om.  1480 Cujus  anime  pjopitictur  ©cus.  amen. 4  lie  jacct  Dont.  Kobertus  Iclpctbp ,  quonoam  bicartus  iflius  ecctctic,  parentes  cjus  ct agues  fojoj  ejufDcnt,  qui  obiit  piinio  Die  menGs  jfebjuarii  ait.  ©om.  1435. 4  fie  jacct  oom.  loljanncs  jqigropontens  eptfeopus  Cbo?um  fuffraganeus,  arebioiaconus iJottmgbamic  ct  pjebcnoatius  pjcbenoe  Dc  SlfUctfc,  qui  obiit  rrb.  Die  menGs  apiflis  an ©om.  1516.  r 33.  Colyns, 1508,  L. 34- Choir  end. North  ijle. Haldyngby, 1480. 1 .  Helperby, 1435> 2.  Nigropon- tens,  1516,  £, (n)  Jeh.  Brmkm,  trciforoar  of  this  church,  hid  his  will  proved  Dec  29 6  M >4  ©rate P-WI sa?  e  rd/At  /io?wuraA/e Newborough,  /3ar.  Tufccnmr fftaron  Fauconbridge  of don  of  'Aid  5for<AdAfu f/uj  «  Monument Jr  Thomas  Belafyfe  of Fauconberg  of  Henknowle ^Yanim ,  m  i  'ovvm emnwra  - i  inccdtor  mAo  erected > contributed  t/ud  f/ote.  , •vftV <  rm« "  :svi\ ■Vv.\ , T/ie  rta/t  /orf Me  Lady  Lechmere,  widow to  Me  rty/t  Aorf*  Charles  Howard.^?//  of' ndio  erected  Mu  monument,  tranfnUJ  Mu WK& i oS 36- ^Cai'lifle  %cc{ at yrefent  Me  w/fe  ydr  Thomas in  ft/  of  lork  ,Barr mem/ier  in  t/ie  /oft mmberland,  and  rurnr,  one  oft/n  /wn  .  * (50  Ogjj  t/ie  memory  of  jo  near  a  /y /often  oj  t/ie  Lodi/ in/tonce  of  Lie  r  many  wrftiej  toy/cferift/. Chap.  II. of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK.  503 Cathedra  i p?o  antma  magtffri  SCtjorne  SDalbp  Uccrcto:it  tjortoits  ct  ai'djtbtacom  KicI;moitD,CHDRCH. p’cfacnQarii  ^cbcnDcOc  ^>£cueUi'.ig:ton  ac  fanoiuci  rcttDentiarii  in  cccldta  metropolitans  choir  end. Cbo:.  p;cpoftti  ac  canontci  rcffoentiarii  in  ccclcfta  fane;:  Bioljannis  li5et>ertari  ac  tffcfaurarii  North  ip-. Jjofpitii  2Dl)omc  S>atjage,  quonoam  ©boj.  arcljtepifcopi,  capcllaitt  etconfiliarii  illuffrtfftmi3-  Dalby, rcgis  fcjcnrict  5213131.  capcllant  ct  conftltarti  fercniffimi  et  picpotcntifumi  rcgis  Deitriri1525' tHl333.  ct  Decant  capellc  tlluttriffiim  p’iitctpis  Ducts  HicbmouDie  et  £>cmcrfette,  qui  obitt ppDi.Dtc  mentis  3anuarii  an.  HDom.  1525.  Cujus  anttne  p.:cpt£ictuc  SDcus.  amen, fl^tferentini  met  nip  frtcnDs  all %\)is  tuojlD  battj  infoimco  me  to  fall, ipcrc  map  3  no  longer  cttDure,  p;ap  foj S!9p  foul  foj  tljis  Vuo:lQ  is  traitCto?te ilno  tcrrcffriall.  fteDDc  quoo  Dcbes. Archbifhop  Savage.  See  his  life.  4.  Savage. ►p  lljic  jacet  ISicljarDus  CJccbilt  quonoam  perfona  altarts  £>.  MiU’nti,  qui  obitt  riii.  Die  mcn^.ucchiit, fts  ^cptcmbjis  an.  £Dom.  1466.  Cujus  anime  pjopitictur  Dcus.  J3mcn.  >466. Margareta  Byng  Londinenfis,  ter  vidua,  pia,  honefta ,  proba ,  filium  ex  primo  marite  unicum,  Byng,  1600. quern  unice  dilexit,  in  hac  ecclefia  refidentem  invifens  diulurno  confeclum  morbo  corpus  in  hac quafi  peregrina  terra  hianandum  reliquit.  Animam  vero  animarum  anchor ae  Chrijlo  Jefu  inni- xam  in  vera,  nativa  et  coelejli  patria  glorificandam  divinae  mifiericordiae  tradidil  -,  et  placate placideque  in  Domino  obdormivil , Maii  11.  an.  Dom.  1600. Henricus  BelafTis,  miles  et  baronettus ,  films  Gulielmi  Belafiis  mi  lit  is  ex  Margareta  filia  primo-  j-.  Bellaflis. genita  Nicholas  Fairfax  de  Gilling  mililis ,  inortalitatis  meinor  hunc  tumulum  Jibi  et  Urfulae conjugi  charijjimae  filiae  primogenitae  Thomae  Fairfax  de  Denton  militis  pofiuil.  Sub  quo fmul  requiefeunt  et  gloriofium  Chrifti  redemptoris  adventum  expectant. Mors  certa  eft,  incerta  dies ,  nec  certa  fequentum Cura ,  Jibi  tumulum  qui  parat,  ille  fapit. Frequens  mortis  et  novififimi  judicii  recordatio  a  peccato  revocat. Swinburn,  a  plate.  See  his  life.  6  Swinburn. On  one  column  of  a  monument. Near  this  place  lyes  interred  Charles  Howard,  earl  oft  Carlifle,  vifeount  Morpeth,  baron 7  carlifle. Dacres  of  Gilfland,  lord  lieutenant  of  Cumberland  and  Weftmorland,  vice-admiral  of  the coafts  of  Northumberland,  Cumberland,  bifihoprick  of  Durham,  town  and  county  of  New- caftle  and  maritime  parts  adjacent  -,  governour  of  Jamaica,  privy  councellour  to  king  Charles the  fecond ,  and  his  embajfador  extraordinary  to  the  Qz  ar  of  Mufcovy,  and  the  kings  of  Swe¬ den  and  Denmark  in  the  years  1663  and  1664  •,  whofe  effigies  is  placed  at  the  top  of  this  monu¬ ment.  He  was  not  more  diftinguijhed  by  the  nobility  and  antiquity  of  his  family,  than  he  was by  the  fweetnefs  and  affability  of  a  natural  charming  temper ,  which,  being  improved  by  the  pe¬ culiar  ornaments  of  filid  grealnefs ,  courage,  juftice,  generofity ,  and  a  publick  fpirit,  made him  a  great  blcffmg  to  the  age  and  nation  wherein  he  lived.  In  bufinefs,  he  was  fagacious  and diligent ■,  in  war  circumfpeft ,  fteady  and  intrepid  \  in  council  wife  and  penetrating  *,  and though  this  may  fecure  him  a  place  in  the  annals  of  fame,  yet  the  filial  piety  of  a  daughter may  be  allowed  to  dedicate  this  monumental  pillar  to  his  memory.  Obiit  24.  Feb.  1684. aetatis  56. On  another  column  of  the  fame, Fhis  monumental  pillar  is  erected  and  dedicated  by  the  right  honourable  the  lady  Mary  Fenwicke, eldeft  daughter  to  Charles  Howard  earl  of  Carlifle,  as  a  teftimony  of  refpect  to  the  memory  of fir  John  Fenwicke,  baronet,  of  Fenwicke-caftle  in  the  county  of  Northumberland,  her  de¬ ceased  hujband ;  by  whom  floe  had  four  children  one  daughter  and  three  fins :  Jane,  her  eldeft, died  very  young,  and  was  buried  in  a  vault  in  the  parifio  church  of  St.  Nicholas  in  Newcaftle .  upon  Tyne.  Charles  having  attained  the  age  of  fifteen  years  died  of  the  f nail  pox :  William was  fix  years  old,  and  Howard  a  year  and  a  half,  when  they  departed  this  life.  Thefie  three fins  do  all  lie  with  their  father  in  the  parifih  church  of  St.  Martin  in  the  Fields,  London  ; near  the  altar,  where  he  was  interred  January  28,  1696.  aged  52. In  the  midft  of  the  fame  monument. Here  lyeth  the  body  of  the  right  honourable  the  lady  Mary  Fenwicke,  relidl  of  fir  John  Fenwicke, baronet ,  of  Northumberland,  and  daughter  of  Charles  Howard  earl  of  Carlifle.  She  died on  the  27th  of  October  1708,  in  the  fiftieth  year  of  her  age .  Her  life  was  a  patrimony  to  the poor  and  friendlefs  j  and  her  many  vertues  make  her  memory  precious. Over 4 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES Book  II. 5°4 Cathedral Church. Choir  end. North  ijle. Spinke,  1685. 8. Cattell,  1403. Hatton,  1533. Langton. i47°. Hardwick, >  592- 1  o .  Carnaby, 1665.  L. 1 1 .  Chapman, 1530,  L. 1 2.  Beverley, H93>  L- 13.  Scrope, 1+63.  L. 14.  Scropc, 1452,  L. Gifbrugh 1481 . 1 3.  Soriby, 1683,  L- 1 6.  Fall,  171 1 t. 17.  Field, 1 680. 1  8.Pearfon. 19.  Tcrrick. 20.  Gibfon. Over  the  vaul t. Here  lyetb  the  body  of  Charles  Howard  earl  of  Carlifle,  who  died  the  fourth  of  February  1 6S4. aetat.  fuae  56. Here  lyetb  the  body  of  William  Spinke  gent,  late  of  Dalby  in  the  north-riding  of  Yorkfliire, who  departed  this  life,  being  aged  fixiy  four  years,  March  6,  1685. Three  ancient  images.  See  the  plate  page  491. ►J<  $it  jacct  Dsm.  Sboma*  »e  Cattcll  Bitartus  bujus  crdcCc,  qtii  obut  tut.  turn.  Jultt  an. ©ont.  1403.  Cujus  antmc,  ?r. ©rate  pro  anima  ©eorgii  ipatfon,  qui  obiit  28.  ©eccm.  an.  Sent.  1533- >J<  ©rate  pro  anima  magittrt  ISicarDt  iiangtou,  quonoam  ccctojts  crclcCac  parocfitalis  Be obut  10.  Die  mends  apart,  an.  ©om.  1470. gsepultura  pcrlutfrt,  ranDiDc  Biator,  Bcncrabilis  tiiri  SH;ontc  Harotottlt,  qui  pictafc,  religion?, libcralitatc,  omnibus  ocmquc  gencrodtatis  Birtutibus  tam  fplenDiDe  ornabatur  ut  ©ct  ante rent,  bonorumqtir  gratiam  fibt  facile  contparaBcrtt.  £l3ortcm  tanocm  Bit  tameu  Biccrit, litaturts  in  aunis  amma  fyDcra  pettit;  corpus  Ijtc  fcpclitur  3.  mentis  spartii  1592, act,  48. Here  lyetb  the  body  of  fir  Thomas  Carnaby  knight  and  colonel ,  who  fer-eed  his  king  and  country in  the  time  of  king  Charles  I.  and  king  Charles  II.  valiantly  and  faithfully.  He  died  at  the  age of  46,  Sept.  20,  an,  Dom.  1665.  Veni,  Dornine  Deus. On  a  table, JBray  for  the  foulc  of  Spr.  3olm  Chapman. Joljanni  Chapman  Cbotum  ciBi  boncttiiftmo,  quern  ob  ditgularctn  of  in  rebus  agenois indgnem  intmUrtam,  reBcrcnBiiTimi  patres  ©.  ©bomas  Wattage,  Chnffophcrtts BayncbriDgc,  rponws  Efflulfcius  Ijujus  fcDi3  arcbicptfcopt,  ab  aetts  Qbt  primartum  cllc Boluerunt :  hercocs  officii  cf  picfatls  non  imntcmorcs  bene  mcrcuti  fepulchrum  pofucruut. dpic  Bita  cocltbf  functus  cf  Be  pafrta  ob  gyntttafium  fuo  fumptu  rrettutn  bette  nicritus  tr. fpartii  contmigraBif  ao  fuperos  anno  actaf.  63-  Chrilfi  Boro  1530- cjs  ffiuliclntus  Bura  jacct  bac  fub  tupe  JiBcBcrlcy, fflut  prcccntoris  fulDt  bonorc  nittus. Canontcus  redoens  fuit  hie  Ijcu  fcmpojc  pattco per  Bccics  temas  non  magis  chBomaBes. Jttc  Becanus  erat  spiBDclfiam  Bcncrabilts  olim, ^ipintus  cternam  nunceat  in  requiem. Slut  obtif  quarto  Die  mends  Januarii,  an.  ©om.  149T ,x,  h3tc  jacct  magiffet  Will’mus  Ic  Scropc  archioiaronus  ©unclmic  ct  redoenftarius  in ccclcdts  collcgiatis  S.  Jobanms  IScBerlati,  et  bcati  KItilfrioi  Kippon,  qut  obut  mi Btc  ipatt  an.  ©om.  1463.  Cujus  ammo  pjopitictur  ©cus.  amen. ©it  jacct  Johannes  lc  Scropc,  qui  obiit  octo  occirna  Die  jseptentbris  an.  ©cm  1452. x  '  '  Cujus  antmc,  jc. r,ic  jacct  Bom.  31obannis  ©ifbrugb,  quottDam  precentor  bujus  ecclcfic  ar  canontcus  red- Bontiarius  ac  prcbcuBartus  prcbctiDc  De  ISugtborpc  in  caocm,  rt  redo:  ccclcftarum  pato- cbialtum  Be  Spaffortb  ct  IBjompton  in  pyhcryngdytbc ,  qut  obut  Bit.  Bte  mends PcBem  an.  ©out.  1+S1.  Cujus  anime  propittetur  ©cus.  amen. Jr  '  jc  u  mercy.  Jlaoy  bcipc. Hie  iacet  Robertus  Soriby,  S.  T.  B.  Precentor  hujus  eecleftc  catbedralis,  natus  Sheffield  educa- uis  Cantabrigiae  collegii  Emanuelis,  qui  obiit  15.  die  menfis  Aug.  A.  D.  1683.  act. fuae  74. Hie  dor  mil  in  Chrillo  quod  mortale  fuit  venerabiliqet  primaevae  pietatis  viri  Jacobi  Fall,  S.T’.P dim  regiae  majeftati  apud  Scocos  ab  kiftoriis  et  academiae  Glafcuenfis  prmapahs  plunmum  co- lendi :  quern  hierarcha  apojlolica  e  Scotia  fua  exulantc  ojlracfmo  frnul  yifigmtum  haec  ecclefia metropol.  in  praecentorem ,  arcbideacomm  Cleveiandiae,  et  canon,  ref.dent.  cooptaffe  fummo  m hor.ore  et  lucro  pofuil ;  «U  per  19,  et  quod  excurril  anno,  confratnbus  conjunSIlffimus.  Pan- peribus,  perfgrinis,  omnibus  bonis  charus  vixit ,  flebilis  obiit  pridie  idus  Junn  anno  Jalutis  1 7 1 .1 . aetatis  fuae  64. Hie  jacet  Robertus  Field,  S.  T.  P.  archidiaconus  de  Cleveland,  nec  non  bujus  ecclefiae  fibdecama et  prebendarius ,  qui  obiit  Sept.  9,  16 So.  act.  fuae  42. Sterne  y Coiia.rtm.enAd Pearfon,  Ter  rick  and  Gibfon  . Chap.  II. JOJ Cathedral Church. Choir  end. North-iJIe. 21.  Sterne. 22.  Sterne, 1668,  L. Here  lyeth  in  reft  the  body  of  the  right  honourable  Frances  Cecil,  countefs  of  Cumberland,  23.  Clifford, daughter  of  the  right  honourable  Robert  earl  of  Salifbury,  ( lord  bigb-treafurer  of  England,  >e43- and  knight  of  the  mojl  noble  order  of  the  Garter,  and'majler  of  the  court  of  wards  and  liveries) jhe  -married  the  right  honourable  Henry  lord  Clifford,  Bromflect,  Vetrepont  and  YefTey, earl  of  Cumberland,  and  lord  lieutenant  of  the  county  of  York  under  king  Charles  the  frjl , the  lafl  earl  of  that  ancient  and  mod  noble  family  of  Clifford  ■,  by  whom  the  faid  lady  had iffue  the  right  honourable  the  lady  Elizabeth  Clifford,  (married  to  the  right  honourable  Richard lord  Boyle,  baron  Clifford  and  carl  of  Burlington  in  England,  earl  of  Cork  and  lord  high- treafitrer  of  Ireland;)  (lift  three  font.  viz.  Francis,  Charles  and  Henry,  and  one  daughter more ,  the  lady  Frances  Clifford  who  all  died  young.  This  noble  lady  being  of  the  age  of  forty nine  years  and  eleven  months ,  departed  this  mortal  life  at  York,  on  the  fourth  day  of  February in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1643. Scrope ,  archbilhop.  See  his  life.  24-  Scrope. In  St.  Stephen's  chapel,  which  was  at  the  eaft  end  of  this  ifle,  were  interred  many  of  the  Scrope. noble  family  of  Scrope.  Befides  what  I  have  mentioned,  which  laid  before  the  door  of  it, Leland  fays,  that  in  his  time  were  thefe  broken  inferiptions: . ©bomas  dc  spaftam  oominus  1c  Scrope  hie  nobilis  obii£ . ,4o6, .....  f.  ..  . . in  faccilo  S . funs cattfatias. . fllcuticus  pjiitiogenifus  3obannts  som.  lc  £>crope  1418. . pijilipa  tiro?  fgenrici  Domini  1?  Scrope  Dc  spaffjam  filia ©uibonis  Domini  oc  SBjicu.  ©b.  irr.  Die  Jlobcm.  an.  1406. . Stop!)31'115  lc  S^ttopc  arclj.  Kicljmonoie . . obiit . an.  ®tm.  141 8. Monumental  INSCRIPTIONS  in  the  South-iffe  of  the  Choir, rc,  fie  facet  Dorn.  3oijanr.es  Ibalfon  quonoam  parfona  ao  altarc  &.  Cffiilielmi  in  ctclcf.  ,.  H,!ton> 1  luctrop.  ®toj.  qtti  warn  unibccfe  tarnis  ingrcfliis  ett  bin-  Die  Janii  an,  jBpom.  1516. 1516.  l. Cujus,  }C. 4,  aDjatc  p?o  aninia  com.  3otjanms  Kconefs,  quonoam  parfonc  in  ilia  crclcffa,  qui  obiit .  Rcdncps ri.  Die  ©a.  an.  ©om.  142S.  ©ttjus  anime  pjopitictur  ©cus.  i428,  l.  ’ 4,  tgic  facet  magiffer  WiU’mus  CabioDc  canonitus  ct  rcffDcntiarius  iffius  crclcffe,  qui  obiit  3.  Cawode, '  fir.  Die  mends  spatttt  an.  ©om.  1439.  Cujus  anime  pjopitictur  ©cue.  amen.  '439.  t. 4,  I)ic  jacct  magiffer  ©ijomas  ©jecntooDc,  legmn  Dottoj,  tanonirus  reCDcntiarius  itf ins  4.Greenwoje, ccclciic  qui  obiit  ri.  Die  mentis  819aii  an.  ©om.  1421.  Cujus  antma  in  pace  requieff  h2'.  t. cat.  amen. Igic  fftus  c£t  Kicljarous  Whittington,  recto;  cctlelte  Do  Wbclorafee,  bir  pins  ct  pjobisus, ;  whitting- *  ©ci  crimius  pjacco  qui  quoD  berbo  Docnit  facto  ronfirmabit,  omnes  quippe  farultatcs  ao  ton.  i62s,l. rcDimcnoas  becimas  in  utum  cccleGe  ailorabit,  ejufquc  fumptibus  rettojiam  De  tjolmc  in tspaloingmoo?  fe  liberatam  ct  rcoucem  cctleltae  gaubct,  foelir  fcil.  oecoiiomus  tjaerco  ittc ©ci  ct  coijcrcs  cum  ©brifto,  ©brittum  (ibi  JacrcDcm  inttituit. ©b.  gicpt.  Die  apjilis  1628. ©rate  pjo  mojtuis  quia  nioiiemtni. 4  ©?atc  pio  anima  magiftri  ©borne  iToinc,  fubtbefaurarii  ljujus  ecclelfa  ©bo;.  ranonici>Fo_n  .  . que  capcilc  beafe  jparie  ct  faintoium  angclojum  atquc  parfona  aa  altarc  fanac  Sgatljc  0-IK’  '33j in  caDcm  cccltiia,  qui  obiit  rb.  bio  Julii  an.  1533-  Cujus  anime  pjopitictur  ©cus. 6  N of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK. Sterne ,  archbilhop.  See  his  life. Anna  Sterne  filia  Ricardi  archiepifeopi  Ebor. Ad  coetnm  virgin  urn  abiit Martii  xxiv.  an.  Horn.  MDCLXVIII. Aetatis  fuae  xviii. yt  E)ic 50  6 Cathedral Church. 6.  Newton, 14:6,  L. 7.  Wath, 1424,  L. Beale. 8.  Beleby, 1447,  S,  L. Knapton, I47J. A  wham. 9  Godfon, 1416,  L. Garton,  1419. 10.  Garland, 1408,  L. Marfbal,  1549. the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. 4*  I&it  jaret  Com.  Jofjamtcs  ce  jjctofon  rapellanus,  qtii  obiit  riiii.  Die  mentis  jnlii  an. Dorn.  1416.  Cujus  anime  pjopitietue  SDeus. T  ©jatc  pjo  anirna  com.  OTill’mt  EEtatlj  qnoncam  bitarii  ittius  ecdcifr,  qui  ctuit  pii.  Die mentis  Januarit  an.  Dorn.  1426.  Cujus,  jc.  amen. Djatc  pjo  anirna  Domini  Kobcrti  Beale. |)ie  jarct  ffbomas  ffielobp  quonoant  parfona  ccctetie  cat ij.  dSboj.  clericus  fabjice  ejiifccm qui  obiit  erbiti.  Die  mentis  jfebjuatii  an.  JDom.  1443.  Cujus  anime  pjopitietue  Dens’ amen. State  pjo  anirna  Bloljamtis  ftnapton  oltm  rubttjefauracii  [jujus  errlcf.  qui  obiit  Hi.  Die menf.  Jjfobem.  an.  1471.  Cujus  anime  pjopttietur  Deus. ►f.  Djate  pjo  anirna  Bbtjannis  Stoiiam  quencam  magiCri  carpentariojum  ittius  etdefie catt).  Cbojutn. ►E  Die  jacct  Dorn.  Kicarous  ©oefonus  quonbam  parfona  ac  fubtfjcfatirarius  itfius  ccctctTc qui  obiit  pp.  Die  mentis  spait  an.  ©om.  1416.  Cujus  anime  pjopitietue  Dens’ amen. ^  Djatc  pjo  anirna  Sfjonte  barton  quonbam  fubtfjefaurarii  ithus  ccdctic,  qui  obiit  niii. dementis  .jjsobem.  an. Dorn.  1419.  Cujus  anime  pjopitietue  Deus.  amen. T  £>Jafc  pjo  anirna  Dorn.  Wfiil’mi  ©arlanb  quonDam  birarii  itfius  eedef.  qui  quarto Die  mentis  apjit.  an.  Dorn.  1408.  biam  uniberfe  caciiis  ingrclfiis  eft.  Cujus  amme pjopitietue  E>cus.  amen. fgere  tiettic  tbc  bocp  of  Cuttjbert  SparOjatt,  Doito:  of  Dibinitp,  late  arcljbcacon  of  jotting. l;am.  pjcbeitDarp  of  Cilftoapte,  canon  rcfiDcntiarp  of  tljis  metropolitan  ctjurd)  of  ipojlt,  of intjofc  route  ©00  Ijabc  metep,  tjje  burial  of  totjom  teas  ttjc  pcbtl;  Dap  of  Januatp  in  tlje peace  of  ouc  Jlojo  ©00  1549. Inc Book  II. Cathedra Church. Choir  end. South  ijle. ii.  Wanton 4.  Qec. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES L  Hie  jacet  Nicholaus  Wanton  arm.  films  net  ate  minimus  et  haeres  Thomae  Wanton  de civitate  Londini  arm.  et  Joh,  uxoris  ejus  unicae  filiae  et  haeredis  Johan.  Laxton,  fratris et  haeredis  Gulielmi  Laxton  mihtis  aurati,  qui  dum  vivus  j iter  at  immacul.ua  morum pr obit  ate,  religious  fundi  it  ate,  corporis  cajlitate,  et  pads  denique  tranquiliitate,  erga  omnes  j  li¬ ft  um,  fandlum,  purum  et  quietum  ft  praebuit,  et  quod  fanum  fdummodo  animum  virtutis  ftudio applicant,  ab  immundis  mundi  illecebris  et  conjugii  curis  fecurus  visit,  adeo  vitam  degit  contem- plativam  qua  melius  ad  ftnem  pergerel  fumma  cum  confolaticne ]  lacidam  et  obtineat  conftlationem fine  fine  fempiternam.  Obiit  fee  undo  die  menfis  Martii  anno  Dom.  1617. Me  juxta  fratrem  quicunque  vulet  tumulalum , Mortis  venturae  fit  memor  ilia  fuae. P  rope  burn  tumulum  ftpultus  ^Gulielmus  Wanton,  filius  fecundus  Thomae  Wanton praedidli  et  fratris  didii  Nicholai  qui  obiit  23.  die  menfis  Septembris  anno  1 577.  Johannes Layer  arm.  haeres  et  nepos  Nich.  Wanton,  propter  amoris  fui  comprobationem,  et  avun- culi  defunct i  famae  confervationem,  hunc  Jlruxit  tumulum. Gulielmus  Palmer,  Cantabr.  aul.  Pembr.  quondam  foetus in  terris  peregrinatus  eft annos  66  •,  facrofandlo  eccleftaftici  paftoris  munere  fundlus  45  •,  cancellarius  hujus  ecclefiae  34  •, obiit  anno gratiae  1605,  Oiftobris  23.  Cujus  dodlrinam,  hofpitalitalem ,  vigilantiam,  mores , roftra  public  a,  aedes  privatae,  ecclefiae  fabric  a,  civium  eulogia  refonant.  Ann  am  conjugem, Rowland  1  Taler  1  L.  V.  dodtoris  et  martyris  filiam  et  ex  ea  7  Viberos  fuperftites  reliquit , tribus  praemijfis.  Sub  hoc  marmore  Chrifti  adventum  cxpedlans  obdermit. Seledliffimae  conjugis  virtuti  hoc  qualicunque  elogio  parent avit,  qffiidlui  indulfit  vir  ft  quis  alius  moe- ftiftimus.  Jana  Hudson,  uxor  Phineae  Hodson  S.  theologiae profefforis,  et  hujus  eccle¬ fiae  cancedarii,  foemina  in  exemjlum  nata  et  fuper  cmnem  adulalionem  abjoluta,  J'exus  fin  prae- clarum  fpeebnen  et  totius  etiam  urbis  infigne  ornamentum.  Hinc  merito  delitiae  el  letitiae  viri , juts  diledta,  omnibus  gratiof a,  pietatem,  modeftiam,  beneficen/iam,  obnixe  coluit.  Familiae  nor¬ ma,  bofpes  Ifenigna,  pauperum  allrix  munifica,  quibus  erogando  providus,  et  foelix  oeconomu ficultates  auxit,  propinquos  cupide  exlraneos  humanUfime  excepit.  Conjux  fidelis,  mater  foe- cunda  et  quae  non  minore  follicitudine  Viberos  educavit  quos  peperit.  Poftquam  numerofa  utriuf- que  fexus  fobole  maritum  fuurn  adauxiffet,  in  vicefimo  quarto  tandem  partu,  doloris  acerbitale, tanquam  miles  in  ftatione  fumma  anitni  conftantia  fuccubuit ,  et  integris  adhuc  aelate  et  forma adeo  ut  virginem  diceres  quae  toties  mater  erat.  Turbato  naturae  ordine provedliorem  jam  virum reliquit  ardentijfimo  ipfius  defiderio  quotidie  canefcentem.  Dulcijfunam  interim  conjugem  non  ex- audientem  vocat  defertiffimus  marilus  P.  H.  Obiit  -aetatis  fuae  38.  et  circiter  8.  menfes 2.  Sept.  1636.  _  ^  -J On  a  monument, In  humanis  magnus,  in  divinis  multus. On  one  fide, Non  opus  eft  lumulo ,  vidirix  cuifama  fuper  ft  es. Lucrum  cui  mors  eft  non  opus  eft  lachrymis ; Solamen  vivi,  venturis  utile  feclis, Virtutis  calcar ,  fed  pia  fadla  pairum  •, Quod  fuper  eft  relegas,  pietate  imitare,  viator, Hac  praefens  cauj'a  conftruilur  tumulus . On  the  other, Quid  monument  a  pare,  noftro  cui  pedlore  nullo Interitura  die  ftent  monumenta  tibi? Hie  ego  non  celanda  tuae  praeconia  laudis Celavi,  et  fummis  aemula  fadla  viris. Mi  fat  is :  at  noftrum  cundtis  tejlemur  amorem Hunc  quoque  virtuti  do,  cumiilo ,  tumulum. Underneath, Anno  Dom.  161  i. In  aeternam  primaevae  labis  memoriam. d.  Stay  gentle  Paffenger,  and  read "I  dl  ftntence  ftnl  thee  from  the  dead. Ifj.  .  If  wifdom,  wealth ,  honour  or  honefty, ' Cbajlity,  zeal,  faith,  hope  or  charity  5 If  univerfal  learning  J  language,  law, a  Ptny  piety,  religion's  reverend  awe, '  Firm  friends,  fair  ijfue  ;  if  a  virtuous  wife, ~  A  quiet  confidence,  a  contented  life, "  The  clergy's  prayers,  or  the  poor  man's  tears  r •  Could  have  lent  length  to  man's  del er min' dy ears  i Sure  as  the  fate  which  for  our  fault  we  fear. Proud  death  had  ne'er  advanc'd  his  trophy  here  ; .  _ _  „ .  hi- *i' 4 f; a* '  ■-  mu* ¥  M^in  -  ]L% f  x-f  ■  ;■  .  -‘  '  ■ S.  ,-i  Stf  "  -  i»7. *•. .  5,4  . ..  . .  : ..  ..-.  .  4% -  -.j  r Ks  ffr  :  .  rft.  Vr •  ' *‘43»g£.:  . ...  SM:^. •' i ~  .  '  7?», .. ::  ;  .  -  ,4-W--  .  -- . 5  '-:•  •• | £?& &  i o. Sr }  i •  •  A\  %  ,\v oft* : Chap.  II. of  the  CHURCH  s/YORK. j°9 In  it  behold  thy  doom ,  thy  tomb  provide ,  Cathedral Sir  William  Gf.e  had  all  thefe  pleas,  yet  dy'd.  chdirmtt Gulielmus  Gee,  nuper  de  B.  Burton  in  com.  Eborum.  equ.  aurat.  Jacobo  Mag.  Blit,  somh-ijit monarch,  primo  a  confiliis  fifnul  et  fecrelis.  Vir  pielate,  religione  et  munificehtia ,  (praecipue in  minijlros  verbijprae  ceteris  infignis.  Linguarum  Latinae,  Graecae,  Hebraicae,  culliorum  fere omnium  (  addoet  liter arum  feientia)  fpedlabilis,  utriufque  juris  prude  nti  a,  et  facrc.e  quodfupremum, theologiae  non  minus  pradlicae  quam  theoricae  ad  miraculum  Celebris.  Pofquam  uxorcs  primo Thomasinam  reverendiff.  in  Christo  patris  D.D.  Hutton  archiepifc.  Eborac.  filiam, ac  deinde  Mariam  cx  generofo  CromPtonorum  Jlirpe  oriundam,  virgines  duxijjet ,  et  ex utrifque  fatis  pulchra  el  liberali  utriufque  fexus  prole  auft.  ad  virtntibus  acque  acfpeciei  propag. intendiffet ,  annos  in  hac  lachrymabili  valle  natus  circiter  quin  quag,  retardari  fu/Hneret,  incon- cuffa  in  Christum  fide,  inviolata  erga  proximos  charitate,  fuaviter  obdonniens  in  Domino ,  a- nirnam  Deo  patri ,  exuvias  terrae  matri,  refumpturus  olitn  cum  foenore  placide  refignavit. Cui  dom.  Maria  Gee,  (confers  dum  convixerunt)  felicitates  et  prae  fexus  modulo,  (virlut.fu- tura  etiavi  ubi  fata  volunt )  et  fepulchri  cxiguum  hoc  eximii  tavien  amoris  et  fidei  conjugalis  monu- mentum  pro  voto dedicant  eerie  aeternum  pofi  tot  annosvid.uapofv.it.  Necmors  mihi  finis  amoris. Dee,  archbifhop,  a  grave-ftone.  See  his  life.  '  i;.  Ler. Hutton,  archbifhop,  a  monument.  See  his  life.  16.  Huftdii. ij)tc  jacct  ^uttoni  conjur  pia  fioa  515catrip, SEicrra  teg  ft  terrain,  mens  loca  ftinima  tenet, jfcltr  ilia  fuifc  Dum  birit  pjolc  Pirogue, Biunctioi  at  Cljriffo  mojtc  bcata  magis. DbDomtibit  quinto  Die  spaii  1582. pJH^icfcpclifurcISl'ill’mus&atiageDeerct.baccalaur.  quonDam  fubtbcfaurariuslju/us  ecclcf.  me*  17.  Savage, tropol.  qui  obiit rpb.  Die  menfisJIulit an. Dom.  1508.  Cujusammcp.zopitieturDcus.  ^mcn.  ‘So8>  L- Diatc  pjoanimaDom.  <323iU’mi  (£bcrs  nupenmius  perfonarum  (jujus  almcerclcf.  et  rcitohs  Evers,  1419. ecclef.  omnium  famtoium  in  marifeo  ci  bit,  ebo  2.  qui  obiit  jrjrtttt.  Die  mentis  £paii  an,  Dom.  1419. ^D;ate  pjo  anima  Dom.  Carolf  jfairo  nuper  perfone  i»t  ifta  eccletia  aD  altnre  fanrte  Static  <s.  Fairo, flpagDalene  in  criptis  ae  cuftco.  fab^icae  ejufoem  ecclcf.  qui  obiit  mb.  Die  jsept.  1414.  1+14,  L- Penelope daughter  of  fir  Gervafe  Cuitler  of  Stain  borough  kntt  departed  this  life  Dec.  21,  Cutler, an.  Dom.  1686.  i6g6,  l. Againft  the  wall, Joannes  Brooke  fac.  theol.  profeffor,  collegii  univer fit  alls  Oxon.  'olitn  focius ,  Emlienfis  pri-  2Q  Bro0k mum ,  turn  Silkftoniae,  denique  Baintoniae  ecQlefiae  retlor  digniffimus  hujus  ecclefiae  metropo- liticae  praecentor ,  et  canonicus  refidentiarius.  Vir  prudens  et  providus,  in  concionibus  frequens et  dotlus,  vixit  ad  annum  aetatis  fuae  40,  obdormivit  Domino  23  Martii  A.  D.  1616.  et  poftlus efl  juxta  hoc  monumentum,  expeftans  noviff.  fandlorum  refurrettionem . Pa  ft  or  eras  plebi  dileElus ,  pabula  vitae , Saepe  tuae ,  et  dot!  a  doftor  in  urbe  dab  as, Officium  gregis  hie  tu  praecentoris  obibas , Dempora  fed  vitae  fiunt  minis  aril  a  tuae  5 Eftae  te  dilexit  moeret  tua  f uner a  conjux, Accipe  fuprema  haec  funera  moefla  tibi. Under  a  painted  board  with  his  effigies,  (Ac. Haec  finis  Edmundi  Bunne  efl  quern  cernis  imago,  zl  Bunny. A  quo  Bunnaei  villula  nomen  babel. Clams  erat ;  tanli  tumuit  neque  fanguinis  aefiu ; llaeres  patris  erat,  profuit  ejfe  nihil. Denotat  aetatem  gravitas,  refolutio  mentem, Zelum  feripta,  aciem  pulpit  a,  fadla  fidem. Vafa  facra  librofque  dedit  pofi  funera  tcmplo, Et  bona  pauperibus  \  caetera  feque  Deo. Edmundi  Bunnei  ex  nobili  Bunniorum  familia  oriundus,  fiacrae  theologiae  bach,  collegii  Mer- tonenfis  in  Oxon  .olitn  focius,  parochiae  Bolton-Per.  paftor ,  eclefiarum  B.  Pauli  Lond.  B.  Petri Eborum.  B.  Mariae  Carliol.  prebendarius  digniffimus.  Concionator  frequentijfimus,  vicatim et  oppidatim ,  praedicando  multos  annos  confumpfit.  Cum  ob  amoretn  Chrifti  hereditatem  pater- nam  fratri  Ri  char  do  junior  i  reliquifjet,  obiit  6.  die  menfis  Februarii  1617. lAmplugh,  archbifhop,  a  monument.  See  his  life.  22.Lamplugh. Ddben,  archbifhop,  a  monument.  See  his  life.  23.  Dolben. ►E  Uic  jacct  Dom.  s>pmon  ffi^otunc  quonDam  perfona  in  cccicfta  caff).  (tbo^um  ac  pjepofifus  coE  Browne, legii  faittfi  millielrnt,  qui  obiit  biii.  Die  mentis  Jfcb^uarii  an.  Dom.  1470.  Cujusanime  H7°- p.iopitictur  E>eus.  Bmen. ►p  ric  jacetDom.  Mill’mus  ^o;nebp,  quonDam  perfona  attaris  fanctonim  innoccntium,  quiH0rncby, oltii  bi.  Die  mentis  ^obemb;isan.  Dom.  i436-  ^ujus  aniine  pjopittetur  Deus.  ^meit.  1436 6  0  pic .4 yio  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  1L churchRAL  ^  t,om*  ftobertus  Clerke,  quonoam  parfotta  at)  altare . tit  ccdL south  ijie choir  catlj.  €bo?.  qut  obitt  w*  Die  mentis  BJulu  an.  £>om.  1506. ^Carver,06  Left  or,  ft  pie  tat  is  amator ,  ft  doclrinae  aeftimator ,  ft  fcias  quantus  fub  hoc  lapidethefaurarius  fiilus  eft , 1665,1:.  ’  Mar  maducus  Carver, Ecclefiae  Hartillienfis  quondam  reft  or,  fed  erat  chronologiae  et  geographiae  callentiffimus ,  linguarum peritus ,  concionando  praepotens ,  hie  fcilicet  qui  cum  feriptis  ad  invidiam  ufque  doftis  verum  terre- Jlris  paradifi  locum  orbi  monftraffet ,  ad  coeleftem  quern  praedicando  auditoribus  commer.daverat , cujus  adeundi  ingenti  deftderio  teneremur  monendo  petiit ,  tranjlatus  eft.  .  .  .  die  Aug.  1 665. Meriton,  iyeth  the  body  of  George  Meriton,  D.  D.  late  dean  of  this  church ,  who  departed  this  life Dec.  23,  A.  D.  1624. Youngs  archbifhop,  a  grave-ftone.  See  his  life. 1624,  L. 26.  Younge. 27.  Younge, 1614,  L. Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Jane  Younge  widow,  late  wyfe  of  Thomas  Young  late  archbifhop  of Yorke,  and  lord  pref  dent  of  the  councell  eftablifhed  in  the  northe  partes,  who  after  his  deceafe remained  a  widow  forty  four  years,  and  departed  this  life  in  the  eighty  fourth  year  of  her  age , an.  Dom.  1614. Here  lyeth  the  body  of  fir  George  Younge  knight,  Jon  of  the  faid  Thomas  Younge  late  arch- bifhop  of  Yorke,  and  Jane  his  wife,  who  in  the  r eigne  of  the  late  queen  Elizabeth  was  captain under  the  right  honourable  Robert  earl  of  Eflex  in  the  Irifh  war,  who  married  the  daughter  of Jafper  Cholmley  of  Highgate  in  the  county  of  Middlefex,  by  whom  he  had  iffue  five  chil¬ dren,  viz.  Thomas,  Margaret,  Catherine,  Frances  and  Faith,  and  departed  this  life  in  the fifty  third  year  of  his  age,  July  10,  A.  D.  1620. Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Mrs.  Faith  Younge  daughter  to  fir  George  Younge  knight ,  who  died March  7,  1622.  aged  twenty  four  years. Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Thomas  Younge  efquire ,  fon  of  fir  George  Young  knight ,  who  married the  daughter  of  Philippe  Adams  of  Aufton  efquire,  and  had  iffue  by  her  Thomas  and  Frances and  departed  this  life  the  thirtieth  year  of  his  age.  May  2  6,  1628. 31.  Younge,  Here  lyeth  the  body  of  lady  Mary  Younge,  late  wife  of  fir  George  Younge  knight ,  who  lived l6z9>  l-  nine  years  a  widow  after  his  deceafe,  and  departed  this  /jfeDecemb,  6,  1629.  and  in  the  year of  her  agtp  57, .  ll!v  ftroewnet . 28.  Younge, 1620,  L. 29. 1  Younge, 1622,  L. 30.  Younge, 1628,  L. Fu*. *  //ie  r/y/it  /ionoura//e  *Jr  Thomas I  tnoat  notify Ore/er  of  (At.  Bath  ,G&arvn, Ferrers  ant/ oar/ of  Malton , ^/orf jWeft.  riding  ofy  /ounti/  of  Ifork,  t/r 1  /itj  Xort/j/gfj  fmni/y  onto  y jp'ea£e/& £J,Wat(on  Wentworth, « /uita/t  oft/it cf  Malton ,  of  Wath ,  Zu count  Higham f//ea  tenant  &  / ajtoo  7/otu/oram  of// memory  of  a  /loAle  7°on/on  to  nmom '  oMtyatum,  A ojto/i’j  t/uo  Zi/ate.  iyj6. Sa  yn.-.' .  eOr  . . Chap.  II. of  the  C IiU  IlC  H  of  Y O R  K. 511 Annae  Benettae  filiae  Christopmeri  Week.es  de  S arum  in  com.  Wilts.  nnn.QHVKeH^ focminac  integral  famae,  pietatis  eximiae  ac  puiidtiae  fmgularis ,  uxori  optimal  et  'obfcquentijfimae  Jz.  Bonner. Jo  Bennet,  L.  D.  moeftiff.  marilus  hoc  amoris  conjugalis  monumentum pofuit. 'suficepit  cx  inarito  plum  likens ,  Jex  ea  decedente  fupcrJHtes  qualuor  Jilios  et  duns  films,  &c. Obiit  mno  die  Februariij  anno  Dam.  1601. William  Wentworth,  earl  of  Strafford,  vtfioUnt  Wentworth,  iaron  Wentworth  of\l's7. Wentworth-Woodhoufe,  Newmarfh,  Overlley,  and  Raby,  and  knight  of  the  maft  noble order  of  the  Garter,  was  the  fin  of  the  right  honourable  T  homas  earl  of  Strafford,  by Arabella  ficond  daughter  of  the  right  honourable  John  carl  of  Clare. The  2  nth  of  February,  1654,  he  married  Henrietta  Mary  Stanley,  ficond  daughter of  the  right  honourable  James  earl  of  Derby,  (who  the  1 51b  of  Oftober,  1651,  was  be¬ headed  at  Bolton  in  Lancalhird  for  his  loyalty  to  king  Charles  the  ficond)  by  the  lady Charlotte  de  Tremoille,  counlefs  of  Derby,  daughter  to  Claude  duke  of  Tre- moilleawi  Charlotte  Bra  bant ine  De  Nassau,  ficond  daughter  to  William  prince of  Orange  bt  Charlotte  de  Bourbon  princefs  of  Orange.  His  ficond  wife  was  the lady  Henrietta  de  Roy  de  la  Rochefaucauld  daughter  of  Frederick Charles  de  Roy  de  la  Rochefaucauld,  earl  of  Roy  and  Roucy,  knight  of  the mcjl  illuftrious  and  mofi  noble  order  of  the  elephant,  and  generalijfimo  of  the  armies  of  the king  of  Denmark,  fin  of  Francis  de  Roy  de  la  Rochefaucauld,  earl  of  Rouci  and Roy,  by  Juliana  Catherina  de  la  tour  de  Auvergne,  born  princefs  of  Bouillon  and Sedan.  ' The  mother  of  this  lady  Henrietta  was  Isabella  de  Dnrfort,  counlefs  of  Roy  and  Rouci, daughter  of  G  ui  Alphonso  de  Durfort,  marquis  of  X)  liras,  ^Elizabeth  Charlotte de  la  tour  de  Auvergne,  horn  princefs  of  Bouillon  and  Sedan. He  having  no  ijfue  made  the  honourable  Thomas  Watson  third fon  of  the  right  honourable Edward  lord  Rockingham,  by  Anne,  eldejl  daughter  of  Thomas  earl  of  Strafford,  heir of  his  eftates  in  England  and  Ireland,  and  required  him  to  take  upon  him  the  name  of  Went¬ worth.  He  was  born  tbeStbof  June,  1626,  and  died  the  16th  of  O<ffober9  1695*  as full  of  good  deeds  as  of  days. On  a  Hone,  under,  is  inferibed, The  earl  of  Strafford’ j  vault  appointed  to  be  made  by  William  earl  of  Strafford,  anno  Dom. 1687. 'The  honourable Thomas  Watson  Wentworth, Third  fon  of  Edward  lord  Rockingham, By  Anne  eldejl  daughter  of  Thomas  earl  of  Strafford Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland. He  fucceeded  to  the  antient  eftate  of  the  Wentworth  family By  the  lajl  will  of  his  uncle  William  earl  of  Strafford He  married  Alice  the  only  daughter  of  fir  Thomas  Proby Of  Etton  in  Huntingtonlhire  ; By  whom  he  had  one  fon  Thomas  lord  Mai  ton And  two  daughters  who  died  in  their  infancy  *, He  departed  this  life  at  Harrowden  in  Northamptonfhire October  6,  1723.  Aetat.  58* His  virtues  were  equal  to  his  defeent : By  abilities  he  was  formed  for  publick , By  inclination  determined  to  private  life  s If  that  life  can  be  called  private ,  which  was  dayly  imployed In  fuccejfive  a5ls  of  beneficence  to  the  publick. He  was  in  religion  exemplary ,  in  fenate  impartial , In  friendjhip  fincere ,  in  domejlick  relation The  bejl  hufband ,  the  moft  indulgent  father. His  juftly  afflicted  relitt  and  fon Thomas  lord  Malton, To  tranfmit  the  memory  of  fo  great  worth  to  future  times * Eretted  this  monument. Piers ,  archbifhop,  a  copartment.  See  his  life. Bowett,  arebifhop,  a  monument,  fee  his  life. In  the  Middle  Choir,  or  Lady’s  Chapel, Archbilhop  Sharp ,  a  monument,  fee  his  life. Archbifliop  Matthews ,  a  monument,  fee  his  life. 34.  Went¬ worth. 35.  Piers. 3  6.  Bowet. Middle  Choir. L  Sharp. 2".  Matthews. A  mo* 4 CaTITEDRAL Church. Middle-choir. 3.  Matthew. 4.  Frewen. Ue  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  IIookII. A  monument. Frances  Matthew,  firfi  married  to  Matthew  Parker,  fin  to  Matthew  Parker,  archbifhop cf  Canterbury  ;  afterwards  to  Tobie  Matthew,  that  famous  archbifhop  of  this  fee  ■  Jhe  was a  woman  of  exemplary  wfdom ,  gravity,  piety,  bounty,  and  Meed  in  other  vertues  not  only above  her  fix,  but  the  times.  One  excellent  aft  of  her,  firfi  derived  upon  this  church ,  and through  it  flowing  upon  the  country ,  deferves  to  live  as  long  as  the  church  it  [elf.  The  li- brary  of  the  deccafid  archbifhop,  conf, fling  of  above  three  tboufand  books,  fhe  gave  it  entirely  to the  pmblick  ufe  of  this  church.  A  rare  example  that  fa  great  care  to  advance  learning  Jhould lodge  ,n  a  woman  s  breaft  !  but  it  was  the  lejs  wonder  in  her  becaufe  Jhe  was  kin  to' fo  much learning  She  was  daughter  of  William  Barlow,  bifhop  of  Chichefter,  and  inking  Henry the  eighth  s  time  ambajfador  into  Scotland,  of  that  autient  family  of  the  Barlows  in  Wales She  had  four  fflers  married  to  four  bijhops,  one  to  William  Wickham,  Whop  of  Winchefter' another  to  Overton  bifhop  of  Coventry  and  Litchfield,  a  third  to  Weftphaling  bifhop  of Hereford,  a  fourth  to  Day  that  fucceeded  Wickham  in  Winchefter,  fa  that  a  bi/hop  was  her father  an  anhbifaop  her  father-in-law  ;  fhe  had  four  bijhops  her  brethren  and  an  archbifhop her  hufaand.  When  Jhe  had  lived  feventy  eight  years,  the  8 th  of  May,  Jhe  changed  this  life as  full  of  honour  as  of  years,  anno  Dom.  1629. Archbilhop  Frewen,  a  monument.  See  his  life. 5.  Rotheram.  Archbifhop  Rotherant,  a  monument.  See  his  life. tUirtus  bite  laus. 6.  Hmiedon  'efjc  boDy  of  itaulpb  Dnrlclfon  efquirc,  one  of  ttjc  Ijonourable  counfcll  in  tyefe  north  parts IntJA.u'  >»  bopc  of  joyful!  rcfurtcrtion ;  tufjo  aDomco  toity  great  giftrs  of  learning’ gravity,  leifoom,  jottteo  toity  care  gooliucfs,  toas  altoayes  carefull  fo?  tye  aobancing  of tye  itnrcrc  Dodmtc  of  ©brill,  ano  of  that  equity  fufjicfj  ebery  tolicre  oucjljt  fo  be  ob» fcrbeD,  neber  ceafing  fits  fattyful  labours  to  profit  tyis  rtiurclj  ano  commontocalty.  an* till  it  plrafcD  cue  gracious  ®oo,  mercifully  ano  in  a  bery  tyort  moment,  toitljout  any  0’ tyc  lcatt  ooiours  of  Dcatfj  to  cno  all  liic  labours  of  ijis  faityful!  fetbauf,  ano  fo  franflate tits  foul  into  eternal  reft,  flpjil  13,  anno  Cijrilti  incarnafi  1587, ail  the  Days  of  |jts  peregrination  tocre  62  years,  fo?  botjofc  goDto  life  tyc  anointcD  feabiout be  pjayfcD  fo?  eber.  amen. 7.  Frewen 1666.  L. ARMS  to  this,  quarterly,  firft  and  la  a  argent,  acrofsoffour  queve'es  azure,  fecond and  third  azure ,  three  garbs  argent ,  and  a  border  platee. On  the  ground  under  archbifhop  Frewen's  monument. Hie  prope  fita  efl, Judetha  nuper  uxor  Thomae  Frewen  annigeri  fllia ,  et  haeresunica  Johannis  Wolverftone  de Fulham  in  comilatu  Middlefex  generoft ,  quae  pofl  quintum  partum  Sept.  29.  aet.  fuae 27  nuptiarum  11.  A.  D.  1666,  duos  filios  totidem  fllias  fuperflites  relinquens  ad  coelum  mi- gravil. On  a  table,  ARMS,  impaled,  1.  Frewen.  2.  Or,  afefs  wavy  inter  three  griffins  heads e  rafed  gules. 8.  Laton  .  _ 1675.  L.  ,  1VL Carolus  Laton  arm.  Thomae  Laton  de  Laton  in  com.  Ebor.  militis  et  Brigittae  uxoris  ejus films  unicus.  Obiit  x  die  Augufti  anno  falutis  75,  aeiatis  37. Bngxttd.  for  or  ejus  et  nuper  uxor  Thomae  Frewen  in  memoriam  charijflmi  fratrishoc  poni  curavit. A  R  M  S  on  a  ftone,  a  fefs  inter  fix  crofslets. 9.  Jenkins  _  . 1556.  v'c  jarct  3ojjannes  Jcniuns  arm.  qut  pic  in  ©Ijritto  birif;  er  urote  fua  spargaretfa  ftp- icm  filios  ipcnricum,  sipattfjcuni,  Kaijulfuni,  <0uliclnium,  <2?eo2giunt  ct  3?otjannciTi,  ct ouas  fllias,  SP_artam  ct  tpargarettam  in  munDo  teliquit  2  Die  S)a.  a.  £>•  1596. SEcrrca  terrenis,  munDo  munsana  rclinquo; ItcDOo  aiiimam  H'omtno,  ceDDoquc  corpus  {junto  - fepiritus  £)  Jefu  meus  ....  fufeipiatur,  ’ 3pcs  mca  tu,  Jeftt,  gratia,  non  opera. ARMS  impaled,  1.  Or,  a  lionrampant  regardant  fable.  2.  On  a  fefs  inter  three griffins  heads  erafed,  as  many  crofles  patee  fitchee. wyvell  i56s.  ^ete  lyety  ©lijabety  Wybcll  Daughter  of  ©ijriffopljcr  OTybcII,  efq;  anD  spargaref e  Ijis  ioyfe luliyclic  DycD  tfjc  ritt  Day  of  itpril,  in  tjjc  yerc  of  our  LorD  ©00  1565. 10.  Dalron  Michael  the  youngefi  fan  of  fir  William  Dalton  of  Hawkefwell  knt.  lieth  here  interred,  who l68z-  L‘  departed  this  life  the  5th  day  of  November  1682,  in  the  eleventh  year  of  his  age. 11.  Floure  f  Dlc  jacet  Jacobus  iflouce,  quonoant  tiobihs  arniigcr  Jojiannis  DGimu:  siccopc,  qm  obiit ’4?1'  L '  14  Die  mcniis  spaii  anno  SDom.  1452.  Cujus  anime  p?opitictut  E'cus.  amen. ARMS /faff/wnv. Chap. II.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK, ARMS  at  each  corner,  ermine ,  a  cinque  foil. 4,  lljic  jacet  Kicavtius  jFournubi  quonoam  atmigcc  bomini  notfri  regis,  qui  ofatit  bitciimo ferto  tie  mends  i&cptcmbjis  anno  £>om.  1+07.  Cujus  animc  psopittctuc  SDcus. Here  lietb  the  body  of  Ann  Stanhope  daughter  of  Dr.  Stanhope  and  Sufan  his  wife ,  who  died the  2jth  day  of  October,  1939,  being  of  the  age  of  eighteen  years. Here  lyelh  the  body  of  Henry  Cheek,  efq ;  one  of  her  majeflies  counfell  eftablijhed  in  the  north _ partes ,  and  her  graces  fecretary ,  &cc. Here  tpett)  qsattlitto  JOolIaro  efqutrc.  Ton  ano  Ijnr  of  lit  Kicljaro  JOolIarb  knight,  uitio  be* pattcb  tin's  pjefent  life  June  3°>  ]589- ilnnc  Q.inoe Elirtuti  factum, ibmc  tibi,  fen  moctcns,  fupremum  factat  lionojcm Conjugc  to  foclit  conjup  tnus,  liicct  tpfa ifocmina  focmmcc  bitlufquc  Bccufque  cojonc ; SBittna  amojc  ptioo:,  ccrtans  multa  inbotc  bittus, CEtupcrans  annos  pittas  mens  arbna  farum  : Hie  tibi  ptiletjer  Ijonos,  jutttifqnc,  ergo  autca  inunbi Kcgia,  fanetam  animam,  qnac  jam  nunc  Dcbita  coclo Ct  matura  SDeo  primifqnc  crcpta  tub  minis j-sumcn  ct  altra  Citit,  ttcllanti  febe  reccpit. Ssic,  UD  fie  bibas,  bibefquc  ctccua  trpumpln, jFclici  in  Dibnrn  tcmplo  fclicioc  ipfa. On  a  graveltone, Here  lyes  the  body ,  of  the  honourable  Air.  Finch,  dean  of  this  church ,  who  died  at  Bath. On  the  monument. Henricus  Finch,  A.  AI. Hujus  ecelefiae  decams Obiit  8  Sept,  anno  Dom.  1728. Vir  vere  nobilis , Nobilis  natu  et  amplitudine  majorum Sed  non  peritura  virtutum Qua  ornatus  erat  corona Longe  nobilior. Vultu j  majeftas  el  decor  et  alacriias, Sanae  mentis  indicia , Effulgebant. Diblis  non  indecor e  facet  us  erat , Et  cum  fuavit ate  feverus. Omnibus  fe  fraebuit  facilem  et  aequum , Omnibus ,  praefertim  vero  fidelibns , Quam  maxime  benignum. JuJli  ienacem Nec  fpes  fordida  nec  metus  fervilis A  femita  reft  a  confdiifque  boncjlis Unquam  pot  nit  detorquere. Pietate  fimv.lalionis  nefeia Et  ab  omni  fuco  abhorrenti ( Qpippe  q!‘i  religionis  Cbrijlianae  myjleriis Fident  habuit  jirmam ) Merit  os  Deo  folvebat  honor  es. Quaecunque  pura ,  honejla ,  decora ,  laudanda  flint , (Ut  fumrnatim  omnia)  excoluit  ipfe  ; Eademque  ul  alii  excolerent , Quantum  in  tpfo  erat,  curavit. Ecelefiae  Anglicanae  decus  fait  et  ornamenhimy Ecelefiae  cut  praeer at  Eboracenfi Cum  munimentum  turn  deliciae ; Eheu  !  viic  ullum  inveniet  paran , Mcliorem  nedum  fperare  fas  eft. 6  P  Beat  a Cathedral Church. Middle-choir. Founubi  1407 12.  Stanhope 1639. 1 3.  Cheek 1586.  L. 14.  Pollard 1589.  L. Sandy  s. ij.  Finch. 1728. Book  II. 5*4 Cathedra Church. Middle-  choir. 1 6.  Drydcn 1702.  L. 17.  Beckwi'l 1583.  L. Fcitcr  1451. Conftable 1607. 1 8  Mockc 1597.  L. 18.  Moore 1634.  L. 19.  Aillaby 1674.  L. 20.  Aiflaby 1682.  L. 2 1.  Gale  1702 L. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES l  Beatae  apud  fuperos  vitae  permqturum E  feculo  male  merenti Deus  accerfivii . Hie  jacet  Jonathan  Dryden  A.  M.  prebendarius  de  Fryday thorp  et  bujus  ecclefiae  camnicus reftdentiarius .  Obiil  xxx  die  Augufti  anno  aerae  Chrijlianae  1702,  aet.fuae  63. ’  Iperc  Iveth  ttjc  boDp  of  Dame  <£li?abcth  liBccfetuitf)  iniDob),  Daughter  anD  coheir  of  fir  Kogcr Cholmlcp,  fent.  DcccafcD  anD  late  totfc  of  fir  HconarD  X6eckVuit!j,  tint,  bo  totjorn  the  tjao tuio  fous  wogcr  anD  jfrauncts,  both  DpeD  toittjout  iffue,  an b  ttoo  Daughters  Glijabrth  mar rteD  to  3£Ttlltam  Uabafour  ofmefton  in  the  countie  of  fttokc  rfquirc,  anD  irraunccs marrieD  to  <0co:ge  ^erbep  of  03ertis  tn  the  countie  of  <£ffcr  Gfqutcr,  bp  tuho™  tfJ^H  tw** iffue.  £>he  ope&  on  gnmDap  being  24  of  j^obember,  1583. ►P  iD.:atc  p?o  antma  magiftrt  Millielmi  jfcltcr  Dccreto;um  Doctons  quonDam  Decani  et canonici  refiDentiarii  ttttus  ccclcfic  cath.  ac  p:cbenDarii  DC  jD^ifcclo  in  eaDem,  qui  obitt 10  Die  mentis  flp;ilts  anno  Dorn.  H51* Memoriae  facrum. Mark  well  this  ftone ,  it  hides  a  previous  treafure, Apearle  wherein  both  heaven  and  earth  took  pleajure A  gentleman  /age,  grave ,  cbajl  and  full  of  grace , Well  born ,  yet  meek  below  his  birth  and  place, Modejl  of  cheer ,  yet  fweetly  cheerfull  fill. Holy  of  life ,  and  free  from  taynt  of  ill , Zealous,  devout  on  earth,  a  J'aynt  above. In  brief,  here  lyes  embalm'd  with  teares  of  love Marmaduke  Conftable  of  Wafiand  in  Holdernefs  efquier,  hufband  of  Elizabeth  Shirley, having  by  her  three  fons  and  one  daughter  Philip,  Edmund,  William  and  Sufannah-,  who deceafcd  Oct.  12,  anno  1607,  et  aetalis  fuae  xlii. Hie  jacet  inhumatum  cadaver  Johannis  Moor  armigeri  cauftdici  dotli,  viri  vcrc  pii,  probi ,  pu- dentis,  morion  non  minus  fuavitate  quam  integrit  ate  inf  ignis,  qui  et  open  et  opes  pauper ibus  lu- bens  femper  impertit ,  caufas  minus  juflas  nunquam  nimis  pertinaciter  defendit,  omnis  avari- tiae,  injuriae ,  invidiae  fujpicione,  invidia  judice,  caruit . Hoc  frelus  bonae  confcientiae tejlimonio,  plena  in  folum  Chriflum  fiducia,  quam  multis  quum  morientem  viderunt  teftatiffimum fecit  •,  anno  aetatis  fuae  fexagefimo  pritno ,  placide  et  quiet e  naturae  fpiritum,  animam  Deo  red¬ didit,  Decern.  21,  anno  Dorn.  1 597. Here  lyelh  the  body  of  Mrs.  Katherine  Moore  wife  of  John  Moore  efquier,  late  of  the  citie  of York  deceafed,  who  lived  a  widow  thirty  fix  years,  and  departed  this  life  June  8,  1634, in  the  year  of  her  age  90. Hie  jacet  Georgius  (x)  Aillaby  de  civitate  Ebor.  arm.  principalis  archiepifcopat.  regiflrarius, qui  obiil  decimo  die  Januarii  A.D.  1674. Hie  jacet  Maria  filia  dom.  Johannis  Mallory  mi  per  de  Studley  militis  dejuntti,  ac  nuper  uxor Georgii  Aillaby  de  civitate  Ebor.  arm.  principalis  archiepifcop.  Ebor.  regifirarii  et  jam  de - f until,  quae  obiit  decimo  nono  die  Januarii  anno  Domini  1682. JE.  M.  S. Thomae  Gale,  S.  T.  P.  decani  Ebor. Viri,  fi  quis  alius, Ob  multifariam  eruditionem Apud  fuos  exterofque  celeberrimi. Quale  nomen  fibi  conquifivit Apud  Cantabrigienfes Collegium  S.  Trinitatis;  et Graecae  linguae  prof  efforts  regii,  cathedra  . Apud  Londinates Viri  literatiffimi  ad  rem  publicum Et  patriae  commodum Ex  gymnafio  Paulino  emijfi ; Apud  Eboracenfes Hujus  res  ecclefiae, Heu  vix  quinquennia. At  dum  per  mortem  licuit Sedulo  et  fi deliter  adminiflratas. Et, (*)  Slain  in  a  duel  by  fir  Edward  Jennings. Chap. II.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK. Et,  ubicunque  agebat ,  donata  luce Veneranda  linguae  Graecae El  bijloriae  Anglicanae Monument  a , Marmore  loquaciora± Perrcnniora Tefiantur. Obiit  April,  vm  A.S.  H.  M  dccii.  ae tat.  fttae  lxviii. Here  heth  the  body  of  Tobias  Wickham,  f/{;  barrifier  at  law ,  fort  to  the  revtrend  Tobias Wickum,  D.  D.  dean  of  this  metrojnlitgn  church.  He  married  Amy  daughter  o/Jir  Stephen Thomplon  of  York,  hit.  and  departed  this  life  July  30, .  {  Salutis  1691. A“no{ Aetatisfuae  28. In  memoriam  Marmaduci  Cooke,  S.  T.  P.  cammiei  el  prebendarii  prebendae  de  Riccal,  moe ■ iliffima  conjux  Elizabetha  Cooke,  cui  trip  fui  defiderium  reliquit ,  marrnor  hoc  pom  curavil. Obiit  7  cal.  Januarii  aerae  ebriftianae  1684,  aetatisfuae  60. A  copartment. Intra  feptem  ulnas  bitjus  tabulae  jacet  Maria  Raynes  armigeri  uxor ,  Robert!  Conyers de  Boulby  in  comitatu  Eborum  armigeri  filia ;  virtutibus  vixit  clara  et  inter  ineffabiles  Gan- graenae  cruciatus  patientia  mira  efflavit  animam  20  die  Decembris,  1689. Cathedral Church Middle-choir. zi.  Wickham 1691.  L. 23.  Cooke 1684.  L. 24.  Raines. A  CO J 16 Cathedral Church. Middle-choir. 15.  Ingram. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookII. A  copartment. Lyonellus  Ingram,  films  Arthuri  Ingram  mtlitis  ex  matre  Maria,  a  nobi/i/fima Grevillorum  familia  oriunda ,  cum  propter  eximias  corporis  et  animi ,  in  tenera  aetate,  doles , patris  ejjetfpes  et  oble  ft  amentum-,  malris  cur  a,  negotium ,  deliciae  et  fiolatium  unicum  firatrum Indus,  idemque  aemulus  -,  domus  et  familiae  decus  et  ornamentum  fingulare ;  omnium  quotquot puerum  viderint  amor  et  admiratio  qui  nondum  fexennis  aulicus  audiebat ,  et  certe  videbalur ; qui  pojl  ex  aft  urn  biennium  aliquoties  vifus  lachrymare,  vix  unquam  audit  us  obftrepere -,  qui  mo- ribus  vir  obfequio  parentibus  eo  ufque  procejfierat ,  abfiens  etiam  in  iis  quae  maxime  vellet , prece  nec  pretio  adduci  poterat  ut  fidem  falleret  quam  praefiens  matr't  dederat  ,  qui  de- nique  pro  ratione  annorum  Uteris  fiatis  excultus ,  religione  et  pietate  infignis  vel  ad  miraculum ext  iter  it,  (violento  enim  et fatalimorbo  correptus,  eo  tamen  grajfiante  et  vires  ejus  depafcente, orarepreces  ajlantium,  ulfro  flagitar e  coeliim,  Jibi  attfpicari  beatus  puerulus  non  defierat)  pojlquam fiex  annos  et  tres  circiter  menfes  foelix fidus  orbi  afifulferat,  fubduxit  fe  et  placide  in  Domino  re- quievit.  Ipfio  in  coelo  tripudiant,  nos  moefitos,  acfui ,  heu  nimium,  memores  reliquit. A  monument. 16.  Ingram.  &om-  Guliel.  Ingram  e  nobiliore  Ingramiorum  orlus  profapia,  eques  auratus  a  Jacobo  rege infignitus  inter  illius  ordinis  Eboracenfes,  aetate  maximus,  charitate  et  vero  ecclef.  Anglicanae cultu  ditijjimus.  Obiitkal.  Sept,  regnante  Carolo  fee  undo.  Abiil  in  locum  hunc  6  kal.  ejus et  menfis,  anno  Dom.  1670. In  obit  urn  ornatijjimi  viri  Gulielmi  Incram  equitis  aurati,  leg  urn  do  ft  oris,  e  conciliis  regiae tnajejlati  in  partibus  borealibus,  alrnae  curiae  cancellariae  dift.  dom.  regis  magejlrorum  unius et  focii,  et  curiae  prerogativae  arclAepifcopatus  Ebor.  commififarii  unice  deputati,  qui  obiit  2  s. die  Julii  anno  Dom.  1625. Epit  a- Chap.  II.  if  the  CHURCH  o/YORK. EPIT  APHIUM. Hie  teJlatoru?n  judex  in  judice_  Chrifto, Tejtatore  novi  foederis  occubuit. Uaec  legato,  dedit :  Domino  fe,  gaudia  coelo , Orbi  gefl  a,  fuis  part  a ,  cadaver  humo  : En  formam  at  melius  fculptam  dot-  petlus  amici  j Cernere  fadla  tarnen  ft  pells ,  ajlra  pete. J17 Cathedral (JflVRCH. isltJti'.e-cLolr. 6  Q The the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. 51S Cathedral Chur.ch- 27.  Wickham. A  copartment. W¥^4NMA BELLA  7riCKJLAM,t/JXrr W/. HENJU  Cl  WlCKlfAM/acnr  */k£XW ’/ W  {m/un  vrvfe/joru)  et  a  ru/iuic/eoni racen  CiMuJtrt  'Cholmeleiorum  donw  aruvt^ <fa  u>ja,noiv  an&aua^  farm/t#  muonenm  j o/ficuA  ctivtru panter  atytte  /wmancj  \ fnftrturtiLwnaJ^nu  cxterruAyut  mdufi qerUu  fuz/unr  vumerdw  etwrunter  o?n/i-\ taJ^nwjmcalc  cfitnertlw m/Tvnt/frr/m  ct  fact  faa/m7/lafi:,rn<z&  r  j oftwtrutm ffdauicuna/u  wtam  imr^uUUitcotyuynfa*- Od/ud  memorue  m<mumen&wi  foe  a  rruKf  Uf Zno,J(  <7uu  uwua-maluv,mart4Dpvftiurn, eji  ,  a/-  eovufiwne  (ti/ectce  et  a/? tut  mm  no mfoi/ne  /foriTurve:  Tu.vtfo&K/?#/' da  ha/'uo  copu/a sartoa ,  t am.  erepte?«4m ju&tr/Utij,  me^norti  te  indi/Ae  focewn  &n yuo jacet<?u#n/um  ejtfa’mt-narum-. 28,  29,  &c. The  lar^e  blue  ftones  under  which  archbifhop  Thorefiy  depofited  his  brethren,  and  was laid  himfelT  in  the  midft  ol  them.  Their  Hone  coffins  were  difcovered  on  the  removal of  thefe  itones  for  the  new  pavement ;  but  nothing  elfe  remarkable  about  them. Before -  -  --  • £ot/o/ra/  o •  Vom  A  /  fjfu/  , j.r  ZrcAAtj/oyi  Sewal. 2  • .  Zrc/i/y/ .  Wklter  Grey. J  ■  2/ r  William  Gee. $7~cA/yi.  Hutton. !j.r  /rrA/yi.L amplugh. *\S3&  /'W  Strafford . 7.  t  /frr/Ayi .  Piers . Ao/if'^  Tho  .Wentworth  £jy- g .  r  Arc/i/yi-  Bowett . ?<?•  Sharp. //. .  irc/i/'/i .  Matthews . /2. «  //A/  Matthews . A'urru/inf'/t(.)  . 13  . .  ZreAAfu  Rotherani . jj.  .  t.Arr/i/yi.  Frewen  . 13.  « 2rr//y/.  Scrope. 26.  Counted  of  Cumberland. jy.  t  //v/i/y?.  Sterne. 18 .  %<7(Zy  <  /(or//  Fenwick. i/y .  (  (2771 77i i/uary  S wi  n  bu  m . ‘20.  ^AAenr/y  BellafTis. 2  /.  27oA/e  of'  8sdt’/if (70/707/ j  . 22.  t yZrcA/Ayi .  Savage  . 23. ^2)00/1  Finch. Chap.II.  of  the  CHURCH  o/YORK.  P9 Before  I  leave  the  ground,  I  muft  take  notice,  that  in  the  old  pavement  of  the  church,  Cathedral were  a  number  of  circles,  which  ranged  from  the  weft  end,  up  the  middle  ifle,  on  each fide  and  in  the  center.  They  were  about  forty  four  on  a  fide,  about  two  root  durance  from one  another,  and  as  much  in  diameter.  Thofe  in  the  midft  were  fewer  in  number,  larger, and  exactly  fronted  the  entrance  of  the  great  weft  door.  T.  hat  circle  neareft  the  entrance in  this  row  being  the  largeft  of  all.  I  take  all  thefe  to  have  been  drawn  out  for  the  eccle- fiafticks  and  dignitaries  of  the  church  to  ftand  in,  habited  according  to  their  proper  di- ftimflions,  to  receive  an  archbifhop  for  inftallation,  oron  any  other  folemn  occalion.  The dean,  and  the  other  great  dignitaries,  I  prefume,  pof hefted  the  middle  fpace;  whilft  the prebendaries,  vicars,  lacrifts,  priefts  at  altars,  &c.  belonging  to  the  church,  ranged  on each  fide.  And  altogether,  when  clad  in  their  proper  copes  and  veftments,  muft  have made-  a  glorious  appearance.  From  whence,  I  take  it,  this  ifie  was  called  the  ^ioccIfioUtU Whilft  I  am  writing  this,  is  now  a  carrying  on  a  new  pavement  for  the  body  of  th s  New  pavement. church  ;  which  noble  defign  was  begun  by  fubfeription,  from  the  clergy  and  others.  S.t on  foot  and  brought  to  perfection  by  the  care  and  management  of  the  prefent  governour. The  plan  was  drawn  by  that  eminent  painter  and  architect  Mr.  Kent,  under  the  di¬ rection  of  the  lord  Burlington.  It  is  a  kind  of  mofaick  work,  thought  propereft  for  a  Go- thick  building,  in  which  all  the  old  marble  grave-ftones  of  the  church  are  wrought  up.  1  he ftone  was  given,  from  his  quarry  at  Huddlejlone ,  by  fir  Edward  Gaf coign  of  Partington, bart.  by  which  generous  a6t  the  antient  name  of  Gafcoign  fhould,  in  the  lift  of  benefactions, follow  thofe  of  Percy  and  Vavafour.  The  whole  pavement  is  a  brick  floor,  laid  hollow, to  prevent  the  damp  from  affeCting  of  it.  To  give  the  reader  a  juft  idea  of  the  new  and old  pavements  of  the  church,  I  refer  to  the  plans  •,  the  old  draught  was  taken  by  Mr.  'Torre from  whom  I  caufed  it  to  be  copied.  The  figures,  letters.  &V.  refer  to  the  moft  remark¬ able  grave-ftones  which  were  in  the  church  and  this  plate  muft  be  allowed  to  be a  great  curiofity,  fince  the  whole,  except  in  the  choir  end,  is  now  quite  taken  up  and erafed.  _ The  chantries  and  altars  dedicated  to  particular  faints,  which  were  difperfed  in  feveral chantries. places  of  this  church  come  next  to  be  confidered.  It  is  difficult,  at  this  day,  to  affign any  of  their  refpe&ive  fituations  j  and  as  impofiible  in  a  great  many  of  them,  as  it  is  now to  find  out  the  lands  the  chantries  were  originally  endowed  with.  It  appears  by  a  cata¬ logue  of  all  the  chantries  within  this  cathedral,  as  they  were  certified  into  the  court  of augmentations,  anno  37  Henry  VIII,  that  there  were  above  forty  altars  ereCted  in  different parts  of  it.  What  regard  ought  to  be  paid  to  the  piety  of  the  founders  of  them,  I  fhall not  fay  ;  but  ir  is  certain  they  muft  have  been  a  great  disfigurement  to  the  beauty  oi  the church,  whilft  they  were  up*  yet  when  taken  down,  it  is  pity  the  lands,  fsfe.  affigned for  the  maintenance  of  the  chantry  priefts,  the  rents  of  which  would  now  amount  to  a  ve¬ ry  confiderable  value,  was  not  given  to  the  fupport  of  the  fabrick.  But  they  were  too good  morfels  to  efcape  fwallowing  in  that  age.  In  Mr.  Dodfworth’s  collections,  printed  in Steven’s  additional  volumes  to  the  monafticon ,  is  a  catalogue  of  thefe  chantries,  and  their feveral  founders,  with  their  yearly  value.  But  this  is  not  near  fo  particular  an  account  of them  as  may  he  met  with  in  Mr.  Torre’s  manuferipts  •,  who  has  extracted  from  the  regifters all  thefr  original  endowments ;  and  at  the  fame  has  given  clofe  lifts  of  the  -parfons  attend¬ ing  at  each  altar.  The  whole  would  make  a  volume  of  itfelf,  and  is  therefore  too  copious for  my  defign.  I  fhall  therefore  only  give  the  reader  a  catalogue  of  the  names  and  year¬ ly  valuations  of  them,  from  Mr.  Dodj worth ,  as  follows  (y)  j The  chantry  at  the  altar  of  hoi Ditto  of  a  different  foundation Another  at  the  fame  altar innocents,  per  annum 4.  A  chantry  at  the  altar  of  S.  Saviour  in  the  loft,  on  the  fouth  fide  the") church  3 5.  The  chantry  of  St.  Frifwith  on  the  lame  fide  - 6.  The  chantry  at  the  altar  of  St.  Cuthbert  — 7-  ].  Two  chantries  at  the  altar  of  Allhallows  . O  ■  j 9.  The  chantry  of  St.  Mary  Magdalene  - - 10.  The  chantry  of  St.  Saviour  and  St.  Anne  - 1 1.  The  chantry  of  St.  John  the  evangelijl  - 12.  The  chantry  of  St.  Agatha ,  Scolace  and  Lucia  — — 13.  The  chantry  of  St.  Anne  and  St.  Anthony  - - 14.  The  chantry  of  St.  Laurence  - -  ■ 1 5.  The  chantry  of  St.  William  - - -  - 1. s. d. 05 13 04 °5 >3 04 03 06 08 16 1 6 IO ■7 00 OO 12 00 OO 36 oS GO °3 01 OO 10 07 04 06 ■3 04 oS 00 OO 06 ‘3 04 °3 01 04 oS °7 06 (y)  Confirmations  of  all  or  moft  of  thefe  chantries  may  be  feeri  amongft  the  records  of  the  Tower  of  London. 5 lo Cathedr Church. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES \  L 16.  The  chantry  of  St.  Nicholas  -  -  _ i  7.  The  chantry  of  St.  Thomas  the  apoftle  — _ _  _ 18.  The  chantry  of  St.  Michael  _  _____ 19.  The  chantry  o\  St.  Chriflopher  (z)  -  --  ■  _ 20.  The  chantry  of  our  lady  . _ _  * _ 21.  Ditto  -  -  - 22.  1' he  chantry  of  St.  Andrew  _  _ 2 3.  The  chantry  of  St.  Wilfrid  . _ _ _ 24.  The  chantry  of  Jefus  and  our  lady  , _  _ 1  Two  chantries  at  the  altar  of  St.  Stephen  - _ . 2g‘|  Two  chantries  at  the  altar  of  holy  crofs  . _ - 30  ]-Twocliantries  at  *he  altar  of  St.  Agatha  Scolace  - . ?  1.  One  more  chantry  at  the  altar  of  St.  Laurence  -  -- 32.  The  chantry  at  the  altar  of  St.  fames  minor  _ 33.  The  chantry  at  the  altar  of  St.  Pauline  and  Cedda  - 34.  The  chantry  of  St.  Gregory  . . .  . . . — , 35.  The  chantry  of  St.  Edmund  king  and  martyr - 36.  The  chantry  at  the  altar  of  St.  John  the  evangelift  - . 37.  The  chantry  at  the  altar  of  St.  John  of  Beverley  - - .38.  One  more  chantry  at  the  altar  of  Innocents  . - 39.  Another  chantry  at  the  altar  of  St.  Nicholas  - 40.  The  chantry  at  the  altar  of  Sr.  Blaife  —  _ 41.  One  more  there  of  another  foundation -  - 42.  The  chantry  at  the  altar  of  holy  Trinity  and  crofs  - 43.  A  llcond  chantry  at  the  altar  of  St.  Gregory  - - 4a.  A  chantry  at  the  altar  of  St.  Thomas  a  Becket  - I  in  ...  are  all  the  chantries  which  Mr.  Dodfworih  gives,  from  the  aut..~. UUU,UU1U  9 buL  Mr.  Torre  accounts  for  more  than  threelcore  ;  befides  forty  fix  obits  though  probably fome  of  their  ftipends  had  failed  before  the  diffolution.  By  a  ftatute  which  was  ordain¬ ed  in  the  year  1291,  by  the  dean  and  chapter  of  York ,  thefe  regulations  were  made  (a). T hat  thofe  who  are  called  Parfons  within  the  church,  who  at  lead  have  an  altar,  or  others that  hold  altars  do  prefent  their  letters  obligatory,  which  binds  them  to  perform  the offices  of  the  dead,  to  the  dean  and  chapter  to  be  regiftred  in  a  book,  in  per petuamrei  me- tnoriam. I  hat  on  Martvmas-day  every  year  they  do,  though  not  required,  offer  themfelves  to make  oath,  that  to  the  bell  of  their  abilities  they  have  fulfilled  the  will  of  the  dead,  for whom  they  were  deputed  to  celebrate,  according  to  the  contents  of  their  writings.  And in  cafe  they  have  failed,  in  any  refpedt,  faithfully  to  difcharge  their  duties,  within  the compals  of  that  time,  that  they  then  make  their  humble  confeffions  to  the  dean  and  cha¬ pter;  from  whom  they  are  to  receive  their  pennances  according  to  their  defaults. That  all  who  celebrate  at  any  altar  within  the  church  fhall  be  prefent  at  mattins,  maffes and  other  hours;  on  the  feaft  of  nine  ledtions  and  other  grand  feftivals. I  hat  the  altars  v/hereat  they  do  honeftly  ferve  be  duly  provided  with  veftments,  orna¬ ments,  lights  and  other  appurtenances. Ornaments  belonging  to  altars  were. One  miffale. One  chalice  of  filver. Two  filver  phyals. One  veftment  for  double  feftivals  of  fattin embroidered. One  veftment  for  Sundays  and  other  leffer feftivals  of  Indian  camake. One  or  two  veftments  of  a  fluff  called  Bor- dealifandre  for  week  days. B, DOK II. /. J. d. 02 l3 04 02 04 00 10 J3 04 02 02 00 08 19 00 05 08 00 04 l3 04 06 l3 04 06 13 04 •3 06 00 06 l3 04 04 08 02 °3 0  6 08 °3 06 08 °3 06 08 0  3 06 08 03 0  6 08 04 13 00 °3 06 08 °3 06 08 03 !3 06 °3 18 04 03 06 08 05 13 04 °3 06 08 04 02 08 Six  pallas  for  the  altar. Three  corporals  of  cloath. Three  cafes  of  filk  for  the  corporals. Three  frontals  for  the  altar. One  tcrwel  to  wipe  the  priefts  hands. One  Flanders  cheft  to  put  the  veftments in. One  aruareolutn  of  wood  '(b). One  box  for  the  bread. I  fhall  conclude  this  head  with  a  fhort  account  concerning  the  mafies  that  were  cele¬ brated  at  thefe  altars,  as  it  is  expreffed  in  one  of  their  endowments,  viz. That  amongft  other  fuffrages  of  mankind’s  falvation  and  reftauration,  the  celebra- tc  tion  of  maffes,  in  which  God  the  fon  offered  himfelf  a  vidlim  to  God  the  father  for (z)  There  was  a  Cpltl,  or  fraternity,  erefted  in  the cathedral,  in  honour  of  St.  Cbrijiophcr,  founded  anno iq  of  Rich.  II.  pat.  19  R ic.  II.  p.  z.m.  6.  Pro  ttnemtn- Vj  in  tadem  civitue  pat.  1.  Hen.  IV.  p.  z.m.ii.  &  pat. I  Hen.  V.  p.  1 ,  m.  36 (a)  MS.  Torre/.  1381. 0 1> )  Arula  is  rendred  by  our  dift.  a  veflel  to  put  fire in  before  the  altar  but  what  this  word  means  I  know not. “  the Chap. II.  of  the  CHURCH  ^  YORK.  ^21 “  the  health  of  the  living  and  the  quiet  of  the  dead.  And  before  other  things,  on  the  Cathedral “  day  of  attonement,  they  counted  if  molt  meritorious  chiefly  to  prolecute  tliofe  things, Cl!URCH “  with  reflect  to  the  multiplicity  of  maffes,  and  the  incrcale  of  divine  worlliip. Molt  of  the  chantries  before  mentioned  were  placctl  in  chapels  in  divers  parts  of  the  cl.axi;. church  ;  feveral  of  which  ranged  from  the  rhapter-houfe  door  to  the  north  ille  of  the  choir, and  from  the  fouth  ifle  to  the  clock.  About  the  wootl  work  of  the  former  Mr.  Dod - 1 worth ,  in  his  time,  read  the  following  infeription, >i<  ffljate  w«  Ultima  magitfri  Johannis  Katitalo  miper  arcfiioiaroiit  ac  ptebntoam  pteiwitfie dc  &ttllington  in  cede.  catf).  Stbotum,  qut  obiit  m  bigilia  ttafslts  anno  SDorn.  nuilclimo qmngcntrlimo  repto.  cujus  fumptibus  ct  eppenfia  ct  Dc  cjns  tuluntate  et  manoato  Ijoropua factum  eft  anno  jDout.  spillcGmo  qumgcntclimo  fcpfiino,  ct  anno  regnt  regia  tBenrici fepttmt  biccltmo  tertio. And  near  the  ciock-houfe  was  this  engraven  in  wood, ►f.  £Dtatc  p:o  amma  magtffri  BJoIjannis  KninalD  ....  ardiicptfcopi  rapcllani  ct runccllaru  canonici  in  Ijac  alma  ccclcfta  mctropol.  ct  pjcbcnDarii  pjebcnDc  Dc  j&ttllmgtoii in  caocm  cccleUa,  arctiiDtaconi  CIcScIaitDic.  qut . in  etate  reptua- gcCma  quatuoj  annotum  in  btgtita  natalis  SDom.  noOri  Jcfu  Ctjt'itti  tiicttcr  [jotam  quins tarn  poll  meridiem  anno  E>ont.  Spilicftmo  qumgenteftmo  ferto,  ct  regm  regis  illuttctdimi tfjentici  feptimi  htcc.fi  mo  tcctio,  cujus  boms,  nc.  cius  eeccutotcs  Jojjamtes  Chapman  ct ©cojgius  CDDcrs  notarii  publici  ct  tfflilliclmns  <£urc  Ijoc  opus  ligneum  aD  quatuo;  altacca public,  fabjic.  caetcra  dej’unt. The  moil  remarkable  of  thefe  chapels  were  three  at  the  eaft  end  of  the  church.  That  ft.  Stephen-;, of  St .  Stephen’s  to  the  north.  Allfaints  to  the  fouth,  and  betwixt  them  was  the  famous  cha-^-V pel  at  Sc.  Mary,  made  by  archbifhop  fborejby.  Which  1  a  it,  fiys  Stubbs,  that  prelate, s'-  Mary1', as  a  true  refpccter  of  the  virgin  mother  of  God ,  adorned  with  wonderful  fculpture  and  painl- Ac  the  reformation  this  chapel,  without  any  regard  to  the  founder  of  this  part of  the  cathedral,  was  torn  in  pieces  and  deftroyed.  Our  northern  antiquary,  the  late Mr.  Thorejby,  got  a  large  piece  of  the  carved  work,  which,  he  fays,  was  preferved  by fomebody  in  a  neighbouring  houfe  to  the  church,  being  enclofed  betwixt  two  walls.  This had  a  place  in  his  mufaeum  as  a  great  curiofity  both  in  regard  of  the  excellency  of  the fculpture  and  the  refpedt  he  paid  to  the  memory  of  che  archbifhop  his  anceftor.  His  re¬ gret  tor  the  deftruflion  of  this  curious  chapel  makes  him  break  out  in  the  words  of  the Pfalmift,  A  man  was  famous  according  as  he  had  lifted  up  axes  upon  Ihe  thick  tree  ;  but  now  tbev break  down  the  carved  work  thereof  with  axes  and  hammers  (e). The  wood  work  about  all  thefe  chapels  in  the  choir  is  now  taken  down,  by  order  of the  two  laft  governours  of  the  church.  By  which  this  end  of  the  choir  is  now  laid  quite open.  But  the  chapels  in  the  crofs-ifle  are  mod  of  them  made  ufe  of  for  veftries  for  the dean  and  refldentiaries.  That  next  the  clock  has,  in  memory  of  man,  been  ufe-d  for  fix o’  clock  prayers. Theferkticc-choir,  or  that  part  of  the  church  which,  only,  ferves  for  divine  worfhip  at prefent,  is  feparated  from  the  reft  of  the  church  by  a  thick  partition  wail.  The  front' S"zir'  ch" whereof  is  adorned  with  various  moldings  of  curious  workmanlhip  in  (lone.  Amonvft which  IS  a  row  of  our  kings  from  the  conqueft  to  king  Henry  VI.  The  image  of  this laft  monarch  was  certainly  taken  down  in  compliment  to  his  enemy  and  fucceflor  Ed  IV by  the  archbiihop’s  orders  then  in  being.  The  policy  of  this  was  juft;  for  the  common people  bore  fo  high  a  veneration  for  the  memory  of  this  fanftified  king  that  they  beo-an to  pay  adoration  to  his  ftarue.  The  cell  remained  empty  till  the  reign  of  kina  Jamts  I at  whofe  firft  coming  to  this  city  the  dean  and  chapter  thought  fit  to  fill  up  the  vacancy with  his  figure.  It  is  obfervable  that  his  name  is  put  underneath  Jacobus  miimus  t'er  ZtV T I  fuppofe  in  diftindlion  to  the  fixth  of  Scotland.  For  it  was  improper  for  them  to  ltvlc him  firft  of  England ,  otherwife.  ^ In  the  midft  of  this  fereen  is  placed  the  door  into  the  choir  j  which,  together  with  the pafiage  is  cunoufly  wrought  with  pretty  mouldings  and  carvings.  On  the  centre  of  the ltone  roof  is  a  very  neat  piece  of  imagery  of  the  virgin  ;  with  her  arms  a-crofs  her  breaft and  adored  by  three  little  angels.  The  door  itfelf  was  formerly  wood-work  i  but  of  late years  a  handfome  iron  one  was  given,  painted  and  gilt.  The  donor  Mrs.  Mary  IVandes - ford.  The  two  fide  ifies  have  now  each  ot  them  a  handfome  door  of  iron  work  Thefe were  placed  here  by  the  care,  or  at  the  foie  charge  of  the  late  dean  Finch,  as  his  creft  up- on  them  teftifies.  ^ The  organ  is  now  placed  over  the  choir  door,  where  it  antiently  flood,  but  was  removed®*”-- thence  by  order  of  king  Charles  I,  and  placed  oppofite  to  the  bifiiop’s  throne  His  ma- jeity  giving  for  reafon,  that  it  fpoiled  the  profpeft  of  the  fine  eaft  window  from  the  body .  (d)  Ut  verus  xmutor  zirginis  Dei  geni  triers  mirabili  cir-  pont.  Ehor. trs  fcHlptnrt i  atque  notabili  picltir.i  peregit.  SrubbV  aB.  (e)  Plulm  lxxiv.  6,  ij  Ihorefty's  clrvat.  leaf 6  R  ' of The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookII. Cathedral  of  the  church:  which  it  certainly  does.  It  was  brought  back  in  the  year  1688.  archbi- Church.  ftop  Lamplugb  and  the  then  earl  of  Strafford  contributed  to  the  charge  of  it ;  as  appears  by their  arms  on  the  woodwork. Since  I  have  mentioned  the  reafon  of  the  firft  removal  of  the  organ,  it  will  not  be  im¬ proper  to  add,  from  Mr.  Torre  (/),  what  the  king  bellowed  upon  the  church  towards  the charge  of  it,  and  purchafing  a  new  inftrument,  &c.  by  which,  and  other  beneficences  to the  fabrick,  that  excellent  monarch  has  juftly  a  place  in  the  table  of  benefa&ions. It  appears  upon  our  records  that  on  the  26:n  of  July,  1632,  in  his  majefty’s  high commiftion  court,  before  his  ecclefiaftical  commiflioners^  within  the  province  of  York, there  was  impofed  a  fine  of  one  thoufand  pound  upon  Edward  Paylor ,  efq;  of  Tboraldby, for  the  crime  of  i  nee  ft  by  him  committed  with  Elizabeth  Buhner  wife  of  Frauds  Bulnur, the  faid  Edward  Paylor' s  filter's  daughter,  to  be  paid  by  him  to  the  king’s  ufe. Therefore  king  Charles  I,  by  his  order  dated  at  JVeJlmirtJler  Novem.  28,  8  reg.  and  di¬ rected  to  the  treafurer,  chancellor  and  barons  of  the  exchequer,  fignifies  that  he  had granted  the  fame  fine  of  one  thoufand  pound  to  the  dean  and  refidentiaries  of  the  cathedral church  of  York , r.  For  repairing  the  ruins  of  their  church. 2.  For  fetting  up  a  new  organ. 3.  For  furnifhing  and  ordering  the  altar. 4.  For  enabling  them  to  maintain  a  library  keeper. And  on  March  22,  1632.  articles  of  agreement  were  made  between  dean  Scott  and other  canons  refidentiary  of  the  church  on  the  one  part,  and  Robert  Dillum  blackfmith  of London ,  on  the  other,  touching  the  making  a  great  organ  for  the  church  for  two  hun¬ dred  and  ninety  feven  pound,  &c. Anno  1634,  John  Rawfon,  chamberlain  of  the  church,  accounted  for  the  laying  out  the faid  fine  of  one  thoufind  pound,  about  the  organ,  and  other  dilburfments,  &r<r.  It  is  pity the  money  would  not  reach  to  the  fettling  the  laft  article  of  the  king’s  bequeft. The  fervice -choir  is  ftill  adorned  with  its  antient  wood- work,  carved  and  let  up  with clufters  of  knotted  pinnacles  of  different  heights.  In  which  are  a  great  number  of  frnall cells  which  have  had  images  of  wood  in  them  for  greater  decoration.  Under  thefe  are  the Halls  for  the  canons,  &c.  beginning  with  the  dean’s  ftall  on  the  right  and  the  precentor’s on  the  left  hand.  Each  ftall  being  affigned  to  a  particular  dignitary  by  a  written  label over  it.  The  lour  feats  next  the  pulpit  are  now  pofiefled  by  the  four  archdeacons  of  the diocefe;  though  formerly  the  lord-mayor  and  aldermen  fat  on  that  fide.  Some  years  ago there  arofe  a  difpute  betwixt  the  church  and  city  about  the  right  of  thefe  feats.  But  it was  finally  determined  by  judge  Jeffry sr  anno  1684,  that  the  archdeacons  fhould  poflefs them.  Whereupon  his  lordfhip  and  his  brethren  have  ever  fince  fat  on  the  oppofite  fide. Over  the  ftall  of  the  preaching  dignitary  for  the  day  is  always  a  moveable  table  with  this title,  Ordo  perpetuus  pro  concionibus,  &c.  The  order  for  preachers  in  this  church  was  firft begun  by  archbilbop  Grindall ,  and  conftantly  obferved  till  the  year  1685-,  when  archbifliop Dolben  made  a  new  regulation,  which  was  ratified  by  the  dean  and  chapter.  The  reft  of the  feats  for  vicars,  chorifters,  &c.  are  as  ufual  in  other  cathedrals.  The  prefent  dean  has lately  caufed  doors  to  be  put  to  the  paflages  of  the  uppermoft  ftalls.  In  order  to  keep thofe  feats,  which  ufed  to  be  crowded  with  mob,  for  the  dignitaries,  gentlemen,  and  bet¬ ter  fort  of  citizens,  which  attend  divine  fervice. Ordo  perpetuus  pro  concionibus  in  ecclejia  S.  Petri  Ebor. Adventus  Dom. Prima  Dom.  pojl  Adv.  Cancellarius. Secunda  - - Archidiac.  Ebor. Tertia - Archidiac.  Notingham. Quarta  • — -  Archidiac.  Eaftrid. Natalis  Dom.  Decanus. S.  Stephani  Archcleavland. S.  Johann  is  Wetwang. Innocent.  Strenlall. Dom.  inter  Innoc.  etEph.  fuccentor  canonicorum. Circumcijio  Praecentor. Epiph.  Willow. Prima  Do?n.pojl  Epiph.  Subdecanus. Secunda  -  Stillington. Tertia - Fenton. Flu  art  a - Apefthorp. Quinta - Givendale. Sexta  - Tockrington. Septuagefima  Cancellarius. Sexagefima  Hufthwait. Quinquagefma  Riccall. Prima  Dom.  pojl  Quadrag.  Wighton. Secunda - Knarelbrough. Tertia  - Ullefkelfe. Quarta  - Bugthorpe. Quinta -  Langtoffe. Sexta - Northnewbald. Good  Friday ,  Dom.  Archiep.  Ebor. Dom.  Pafchae,  Decanus. Die  Lunae  pojl  Pafcham,  Subdecan. Die  Martis -  Praecentor. Prima\  Dom.  pojl  Pafcb.  Grindall. Secunda - Bole  alias  Bolum. Tertia -  Ampleford. Quarta  — —  Warthill. Quinta  - Frydaythorpe. Aj'centionis ,  Archidiac.  Ebor. Dom.  pojl  Afcen.  Dunnington. (/)  Ex  MS.  Torre,  /.  109. Dom. of  the  CHURCH  c/YORK. Chap.  II. Dom.  Pentecoft.  Decams. Die  Lr.nae  pofl  Pent.  Archidiac.  Eaftrid. Die  Marti s  pofl  Pent.  Archdiac.  Notting. Dom.  Trinit  atis,  Widow. Prima  -  South  new  ball. Secunda  -  »  Barnby. Tertia  -  Bilton. Quanta - Ofbaldwick. Quinta -  Holm  archiepifcopi. Sexta - Arcbd.  Cleaveland. Septbna - -  Pnaecentor. Oftava  - LangtofF. Nona  - -  Wetwang. Decima -  Strenfall. Undectma - Fenton. Duodecima - .  Still ington. Decima  Tertia -  Hufthwait. Decima  quart  a - -  Riccall Decima  quinta  —  Ullefkelfe. Decima fexta  —  ■— »  Knarefbrough. Decima  feptima -  Bugthorpe. Decima  oftava  — —  Wighton. Decima  nona -  Northnewbald. Vicefima  Dom.  poji  Trinitatem ,  Fryday thorp. Vicefma  prima - *  Southnewbald. Vicefima  fecunda -  Bilton. Vicefima  tertia -  Ampleford. Vicefima  quanta - Tockrington. Vicefma  quinta  - - -  Apefthorp. Vicefima  fexta  -  Givendale. Fefla. S.  Andreae,  Dunnington. S.  Thomae,  Bole  alias  Bolum. Fejl.  purifleationis ,  Decanus. S.  Matthiae,  Arcbd.  Ebor. Fejl.  Annuntiationis ,  Arcbd.  Eaftrid. S.  Marci,  Wetwang. S.  Phil,  et  Jacobi,  Strenfall. S.  Johannis  Bapt.  Cancellarius. S.  Petri,  Subdecan. S.  Jacobi,  Archidiac.  Notting. S.  Barthol.  Widow. S.  Matthaei,  Langtoff. S.  Michaelis,  Botivanr. S.  Lucae,  Fenton. S.  Simonis  et  Judae,  Arcbd.  Cleaveland, Fejl.  omnium  Janlilorum,  Decanus. The  eagle  of  brafs  from  which  the  lefions  are  read  bears  this  infeription. Cathedral Church. Tho.  Cracroft,  S.  T.  P. Aquilam  banc ,  ex  aere  con  flat  am. In  ufum  et  ornatum Cathedralis  Templi  Ebor. Divo  P  e  t  r  o  facri Cantu  lit M  DC  LXXXVI. The  cathedra ,  or  throne  for  the  archbidiop,  is  fituated  at  the  end  of  the  prebendal  ftajls  Throne. on  the  fou th  fide.  It  is  a  plain  piece  of  oak  wainfeot,.  .no  ways  fuitable  to  the  dignity of  the  primate.  Archbifhop  Lamplugh  intended,  if  he  had  lived,  to  have  ereCted  a  new one  ;  a  draught  of  a  then  noble  defign  being  taken  for  it. The  pulpit  ufed  to  be  brought,  on  preaching  days,  to  the  firft  afeent  betwixt  the  Iftdjes  Pulpit. pews  ;  but  it  being  judged  by  the  late  dean,  that  the  preacher’s  voice,  for  want  of  reper- cuflion  of  found,  was  loft  in  the  vaults  of  the  church  ;  he  ordered  the  old  pulpit,  which had  been  long  difufed,  but  more  fuitable  to  the  reft  of  the  wood-work,  to  be  placed where  it  now  ftands. The  afeent  from  the  body  of  the  church,  through  the  choir  to  the  altar  is  by  a  grada -Altar. tion  of  fixteen  fteps.  The  altar  has  lately  received  a  confiderable  improvement,  as  to  its fituation,  and  the  whole  church  in  its  beauty,  by  taking  away  a  large  wooden  fereen,  which almoft  obftrudted  the  view  of  the  eaft  window.  This  fereen  was  handfomely  painted  and  gilt. It  had  a  door  at  each  end,  which  opened  into  a  place,  behind  the  altar,  where  antiently the  archbilhops  ufed  to  robe  themfelves  at  the  time  of  their  inthronizations,  and  thence proceeded  to  the  high  altar,  where  they  were  inverted  with  the  pall.  On  the  top  of  this fereen  was  a  gallery  for  mufick  •,  as  is  ufual  in  popifh  churches,  for  the  celebration  of  high mafs.  At  the  taking  away  of  this  the  altar  was  carried  back  one  arch,  to  a  ftone  fereen behind  it  of  an  excellent  Gothick  architecture  ;  which  now,  not  only,  lhews  a  beauty  in itfelf  which  was  hid  before;  but  alfo  opens  a  view  of  one  of  the  nobleft  lights  in  the  world. This  work  was  done  by  order  of  the  late  dean  Finch  ;  and  it  is  pity  fome  defign  of  an  al¬ tar-piece  is  not  pitched  upon  to  anfwer  the  building  ;  that  the  tapeftry  might  be  taken  a- way  and  placed  on  each  fide.  Many  defignshave  been  drawn  for  it,  but  they  are  all  of  the regular  orders  which  will  by  no  means  fuit  a  Gothick  cathedral.  And  for  my  part  I think  the  fine  altar  at  Beverley ,  to  be  rather  a  blemilh,  than  an  embellifhment  to  that church. Antiently  there  were  two  altars  one  on  each  fide  the  high  altar ;  that  on  the  north  fide dedicated  to  St.  Stephen ,  the  oppofite  to  the  blefled  virgin.  Concerning  the  great  or  high altar  we  find  the  following  account  relating  to  the  celebration  .of  it  (g). 5*4 Cathedr Church. Vaults. Lights. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. l|  In  the  year  1 159,  pope  Alexander  III,  Tent  his  letters  mandatory  to  Roger  then  archbilhop of  Tork,  commanding  him  that  he,|  together  with  the  chapter  of  his  church,  get  it  by  de¬ cree  eftablifhed  that  none  do  prefume  to  celebrate  mafs  at  the  high  altar  of  the  cathedral church,  except  he  be  a  bilhop  or  fome  canon  of  the  fame.  And  that  none  do  read  the gofpel  or  epiftle  at  time  of  celebration  of  mafs  at  this  high  altar,  unlefs  he  be  a  canon  of  the church.  For  before  every  prieft  was  admitted  to  celebrate  mafs  thereat,  whereby  the  dig¬ nity  of  the  church  was  in  fome  refpett  diminifhed  and  grown  vile. The  numerous  ornaments  belonging  to  this  altar  may  be  feen  in  the  catalogue  of  the church’s  veftment,  (Ac.  taken  in  Henry  the  eighth’s  time.  There  is  likewife  a  particular account,  in  our  own  records,  of  fuch  plate,  copes,  veftments  and  other  things  belonging to  the  choir,  as  they  were  given  in  charge  to  be  kept  by  William  Ambler  clerk  of  the  ve- ftry,  anno  1622.  By  which  it  appears  that  our  fecond  reformers  cleared  off  with  what the  firft  had  left. Left  the  altar  fhould  again  be  robbed  of  its  prefent  ornaments,  plate,  c Ac.  I  think proper  to  give  an  account  of  what  it  is  now  enriched  with  ;  as  likewife  the  donors  of them. King  Charles  I.  bellowed  upon  the  church  a  large  quantity  of  communion  plate.  When there  was  fcarce  as  much  left,  out  of  their  long  inventory  of  riches,  as  to  perform  the office  with  decency  ;  alfo  a  common  prayer-book  and  bible,  iarge  folio,  bound  in  crimfon Velvet. Archbilhop  Stern  gave  plate  to  the  weight  of  two  hundred  and  eighteen  ounces. Archbilhop  Dolben  gave  one  hundred  and  ninety  five  ounces. The  lord  Beaumont  gave  two  filver  candlefticks  weighing  fifty  three  ounces. Archbilhop  Latnplugh  gave  the  covering  or  antependium  of  the  table  ol  crimfon  vel¬ vet,  richly  adorned  with  a  deep  embroidery  of  gold  and  fringe,  with  the  velvet  for  the back  of  the  altar.  He  gave  alfo  three  pieces  of  fine  tapeftry  for  the  fame  ufe.  He,  like¬ wife,  erected  the  innermoft  rails,  and  paved  the  fpace  with  black  and  white  marble.  And And  laftly  he  gave  three  large  common  prayer-books  and  a  bible  for  the  ufe  of  the altar. Under  the  altar  are  the  vaults,  which  are  entered  into  at  north  and  fouth  by  two iron-grated  doors.  Thofe  vaults  make  an  equilateral  fquare  of  fourteen  yards  over,  and are  divided  into  four  illes  by  nine  lhort  middle  pillars  of  ftone,  which  fupport  the  arch¬ ed  roof.  According  to  the  number  of  thefe  four  illes,  thefe  vaults  had  in  them  as  many  al¬ ters  and  chantries.  One  of  which  chantries  was  remarkable,  called  the  chantry  at  the  al¬ tar  of  St.  Mary  in  cryptis,  where  her  mafs  was  daily  celebrated  with  note  and  organ  (g). On  the  weft  fide  is  a  draw-well,  with  a  ftone  cittern. In  winter,  from  All-faints  to  Candlemafs ,  the  choir  is  illuminated,  at  evening  fervice, by  feven  large  branches.  Befides  a  final  1  wax  candle  fixed  at  every  other  ftall.  Three of  thefe  branches  were  the  gift  of  fir  Arthur  Ingram ,  anno  1638  ;  as  appears  by  an  in- fcription  on  each.  Who  alfo  fettled  four  pound  per  annum  on  the  church  for  finding them  with  lights.  Two  more  were  given  by  Ralph  Lowther  of  Ackworth ,  efq;  the  laft unknown.  Thefe,  with  two  large  tapers  for  the  altar,  are  all  the  lights  commonly made  ufe  of.  But  on  the  vigils  of  particular  holy  days  the  four  grand  dignatories  of  the church  have  each  a  branch  of  feven  candles  placed  before  them  at  their  ftalls. There  is  nothing  elfe  to  be  defcribed  in  the  fervice-choir  but  what  is  common  to other  cathedrals.  And  I  fhall  be  lefs  particular  in  my  defcription  of  the  other  parts  of the  church.  The  perfpeftive  views  of  the  building  will  give  the  reader  a  much  better idea (f)  Tom  f.  1647. Chap.  II.  */  the  CHURCH  of  YORK.  525 idea  of  it  than  words  can  pretend  to.  From  the great  weft  entrance  we  count  feven  pillars  of  a fide  to  the  lanthorn  •,  which  form  eight  arches. The  two  fir  ft  ferve  as  a  bafis  to  the  higheft , lighteft  and  moft  excenfive  arch  in  the  world, which  fupports  great  part  of  the  weight  of  two fteeples.  Over  the  other  arches  are  placed,  in ftone,  the  arms  of  the  principal  benefactors  to  the fabrick  ;  one  of  each  fide.  On  the  top  of  thele arches  runs  an  open  gallery  on  both  fides  the  nave. ExaCtly  over  the  joining  of  each  arch  ftood,  for¬ merly,  an  image,  in  ftone,  of  the  tutelar  faints or  patrons  of  the  feveral  nations  in  Europe.  But our  zealots  depofed  them  all,  except  St.  George^ whom  they  left  for  a  reafon  not  worth  mention¬ ing.  Being  an  idle  ftory  of  his  oppofite  a  dragon’s head.  Over  tliefe  are  the  windows  of  this  middle ifie  adorned  with  imagery  and  divers  coats  ofarms. One  of  thefe  arches  as  is  here  reprefented,  exprefies the  reft. The  roof  of  the  nave  is  wood  ;  the  ribs  or  groins of  which  compofe  a  moft  curious  and  admired tracery  ;  adorned  with  large  carved  knots,  which have  been  gilt,  and  are  in  the  nature  of  key-ftones to  fupport  the  work.  Each  of  thefe  knots  re- prefents  fome  part  of  facred  hiftory.  The  reft  of the  wood -work  has  been  formerly  painted  a  fky colour,  but  the  prefent  dean  caufed  it  to  be  all wafhed  over  white. The  great  window  at  the  weft  end  of  the  church is  a  very  noble  light,  though  not  near  fo  fine  as its  oppofite.  In  it  is  depicted,  in  full  proportion, the  figures  of  the  eight  firft  archbifhops  and  eight hints  of  the  church.  Under  this,  on  each  fide  of the  great  doors,  are  placed  the  arms  of  England , probably  of  Edward  II,  in  whofe  time  this  part of  the  fabrick  was  perfected,  and  thofe  afiigned  to TJlpbus  the  Saxon  prince  ;  as  two  principal  bene¬ factors  to  this  church.  The  whole  has  been  fil¬ led  up  with  imagery,  the  pedeftals  of  which  do now  only  remain.  For  the  reft  I  refer  to  the draught. 6  S The / Eafltnd. Chap. II.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK.  517 The  fide  ides  are  arched  with  (tone,  the  fpondils,  as  the  workmen  call  them,  .being Cathedral {tone  plaiftered  over.  The  knots  at  the  angles  have  been  curioufly  carved  and  painted. ClluRCM- Thefe  roofs  have  alfo  been  lately  wafhed  over  beautified  and  repaired.  Over  each  of  the entrances  into  thefe  ifles  are  reprefen tations  of  hunting  and  killing  of  wild  beafls  in  a  fort of  baJJo  relievo  \  as  alfo  Sampfon  tearing  the  lion,  &c.  The  fixteen  windows  which  give light  to  thefe  ides  are  all,  except  two,  of  the  old  painted  .glaJs,  _and  in  very  good  order. The  arms  and  bearings  I  have  picked  out  of  them,  but  their  feveral  hifiories  I  fhall  not take  upon  me  to  read.  The  uppermolt  window  in  the  north  ide  was  taken  anno  1641,  by fome  careful  hand,  as  a  mod;  curious  portrait  of  royal  and  noble  bearings;  which  window I  give  the  reader  as  a  fpecimen  of  the  red.  The  diields  of  arms  upon  it  are  from  the top,  fird,  St.  Peter,  then  the  imperial,  England , old  France ,  Arragon ,  king  of  the  Romans ,  Cajlile apd  Leon,  JeruJalem  and  Navarre.  The  figures  in cQats  armorial  are  fird  the  emperor,  king  of  Ar¬ ragon,  old  England ,  old  France ,  twice  over,  Beau¬ champ,  Clare,  Warren,  Beauchamp  again,  Rofs,  Mow¬ bray,  Clifford  and  Percy. The  ead  end  of  the  church  has  nine  arches, with  arms,  galleries,  windows,  and  a  wooden  roof over  it  as  before.  In  the  uppermod  windows  are the  figures  of  thofe  kings,  bidiops  and  noblemen, who  were  benefactors  to  this  part  of  the  building  ; with  their  arms  underneath.  And  all  in  their  robes in  mod  glorious  colours  (h).  T  he  fide  ides  of  the choir  are  arched  with  done,  the  windows  .of  them wonderfully  preferved  ;  thofe  efpecially  which  are in  the  tranfept  or  crofs  of  the  choir  cannot  be too  much  admired.  They  reach  almod  to  the roof  of  the  church,  are  divided  into  one  hundred, and  eight  partitions ;  each  of  which  reprelents  a piece  of  facred  dory.  Bur, What  may  judly  be  called  the  wonder  of  the world,  both  for  mafonry  and  glafing,  is  the  no¬ ble  ead  window.  It  is  very  near  the  breadth  and height  of  the  middle  choir.  The  upper  part  is  a piece  of  admirable  tracery  ;  below  which  are  one hundred  and  feventeen  partitions  reprefenting  fo much  of  holy  writ  that  it  almod  takes  in  the  whole hidory  of  the  bible.  This  window  was  begun  to be  glazed,  at  the  charge  of  the  dean  and  chapter, anno  1405;  who  then  contracted  with  John  Thorn¬ ton  of  Coventry  glazier  to  execute  it.  He  was  to receive  for  his  own  work  four  findings  a  week,  and to  finifii  the  whole  in  lefs  than  three  years  (i). We  may  fuppofe  this  man  to  have  been  the  bed artid  in  his  time,  for  this  kind  of  work,  by  their fending  fo  far  for  him.  And  indeed  the  window fhews  it.  I  hope  my  drawer  and  engraver  have done  judice  to  his  memory. On  the  wall  in  the  north  ifle  of  the  choir,  dean Gale,  who  had  the  intered  of  the  fabrick  much  at heart,  caufed  a  large  table  to  be  ereCted  ;  With  the names  and  dates  of  the  feveral  founders  and  bene¬ factors  to  this  church.  In  order  to  preferve  the memory  of  them  to  poderity,  and  to  encourage other  publick  fpirited  perfons  to  do  the  fame.  There has  been  no  addition  to  the  catalogue  fince  his time.  But  the  contributors  to  the  new  pavement deferve  a  memorial  in  it.  Below  this,  in  the  wall near  the  doors,  are  feveral  large  cells  for  images, which  have  been  finely  painted. Eajl  window. 1  tnccTi V-  |y\  *L ft.  'h&l ffff (h)  The  arms  of  archbifhop  Scrape  and  Bowett  in  fe¬ veral  places  of  thefe  windows  (hew  they  were  fpecial benefaftors  to  the  church. (/)  The  indenture  witnefles  that  he  was  to  have four  (hillings  per  week,  and  one  hundred  lhillings  fter- ling  every  of  the  three  years,  and  if  he  did  his  work truly  and  perfectly  he  was  to  receive  ten  pound more  for  his  care  therein.  Torre  p.y.  By  another  in¬ denture  dated  anno  1338,  made  for  glazing  fome  of the  windows  in  the  weft  end,  the  article  is,  that  the workman  was  to  have  fix-pence  a  foot  for  white  and twelve  pence  a  foot  for  coloured  glafs.  Id.  p.  3. The 518 Cathedr Church. South  crofi-ijte the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. A  L The  T  a  B  L  e  of  the  Founders,  fife,  in  the  North  Side-Iile  of  the Choir.  J ANNO  DOM.  MDCXCIX. Ecclefiae  Eboracenfis  gratitude. Anno  Dom. Fundatores. Anno  Dom. Benefaclores. DCXXV 11. Edwynus  Northumbro- rum  rex  primus  funda- Incerlis  tempori- Dec  anus  et  capitulum  va- riis  temporibus. DCXXXII. tor. OfwaldusNorthumbro- rum  rex  fecundus  fun- da  tor. bus. Will,  de  Perci  miles. Will,  de  Aguillon. DCLXVI. Wilfridus  Ebor.  arebiep. Richardus  de  Dalton. DCCLXII. tertius fundator. MDCXXIX. Albertus  Ebor.  arebiep. quartus  fundator ,  pri- or  T.  Matthews  arebiep. Ebor. mus  bibliothecam  condi- MDCXXXIII. Carolus  I.  rex  Angliae. MLXVIII. dit.  . MDCXXXVII1. Thomas  Ebor.  arebiep. nettus. quintus  fundator. MDCLXXIII. Maria  domina  Beaumont Reparatores . MDCLXXXIII. Ricardus  Sterne  arebiep. Ebor. MCLXXI. Rogerus  Ebor.  arebiep. MDCLXXXVI. Thomas  Cracroft^.^.P. chorum  novum  aedifica- vit. MDCLXXXVI. Johannes  Dolben  archie. MCCXXVII. Walterus  Gray  Ebor. arebiep.  multum  promo- MDCXCI. Thomas  Lamplugh  ar- chiep.  Ebor. MCCL. vit  fabric  am. MDCXCV. Thomas  comes  Faucon- Johannes  Romanus^r- berg. tern  chori  borealis  et Campanile  in  medio  aedi- ficavit. MDCXCY. Williel.  comes  Strafford mille  libras  legavit. MCCXCI. MCCCXXX. j MCCCLXII. 1 MCCCLXX. Johan.  Romanus  Ebor. arebiep.  navem  ecclefiae ineboavit. Will,  de  Melton  Ebor. arebiep.  navem  ecclefiae confummavit. Johan.  Thurlby  incbo-<- avit  novum  opus  chori. Walterus  Skirlaw  prae- bendarius  de  Fenton  in hac  ecclefa  poflea  epif copus  Dunelm.  campa¬ nile  aedifeavit. The  fouth  part  of  the  crofs-ifle  was  built  by  Walter  Grey,  and  is  the  oldeft  part  of  the whole  fabrick.  The  architecture  of  both  ends  of  this  iQe  differs  from  any  of  the  rell.  It is  raifed  upon  round  Hone  and  marble  pillars,  alternately  running  up  by  clufters  to  their flowered  chapiters,  whereon  are  turned  the  arches  of  the  little  fide  ifles.  In  walking  the church  over  lately  thefe  pillars  are  now  made  undiflinguilbable  ;  the  fmaller  of  them'  are of  marble,  and  there  being  no  quarry  of  the  fort  in  all  this  country  fome  people  have imagined  them  to  be  factious.  But  upon  better  information  they  appear  to  be  taken irom  a  quairy  near  Petwortb  in  Sujfex  ;  for  upon  comparing  a  polifhed  fpecimen  fent  me by  the  reverend  Dr.  Langwitb ,  redlor  of  that  place,  with  thefe  pillars,  no  fenfible  diffe¬ rence  can  be  obferved  betwixt  them.  The  do<5lor’s  memory  fuggefled  to  him  that  the marble  which  compoied  thefe  pillars,  as  well  as  the  pillars  in  the  chapter-houfe,  and  thefe of  Walter  Grey's  tomb  were  got  out  of  that  quarry  ;  and  the  diflance  from  thence  to  York being  no  objection,  Petwortb  being  within  twelve  miles  of  the  fea,  and  within  five  or  fix of  a  navigable  river,  it  altogether  has  a  very  probable  appearance.  The  aodtor  farther obferves of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK. Chap.  I|«.  v  zij  -.  r. -i  -  ■  • ,  r  .hi,  marble  has  been  ufed  in  fome  other  old  cathedrals  at  a  greawr  diftanceCAT„En*Ar obferves,  that*  and  therefore  it  can  be  no  wonder  to  find  it  in  fo  expenfive  and  c»tk ftaTlv  abSl  M^r.  Front  the  capitals  of  thefe  pillars  are  turned  the  arches of  the  wooden  roof  t  part  of  which  bears  teftimony  that  it  is  ot  a  later  date  than  the  ftone IHh  {zi  r  dXipti“  wS chore  that  it  had  a  ftone  roof  once  upon  it.  And  being  judged  too  heavy  this  was  bu.lt under  k,  and  die  upper  roof  taken  away  ;  which  occafions  it  to  be  fo  much  lower  than  it OUThefouth-end  of  the  church  is  enlightned  by.  fix  windo- ^,”.5 itr^rket ,-nnft  remarkable  It  is  a  fine  piece  ot  mafonry  in  form  ofa  wheel,  or  as  Mr.  lorn  writes a  marynold  ;  from  whence  it  is  called  the  marygold  window.  Its  coloured  ^ JeP™* fentin/an  imam:  of  that  flower.  -  The  firft  window  over  the  clock-hotife  isadorned  with ViSs:iswSfts^ 5  ft &  *£  ^und^  th^r^he  .aft  is  the  figure  of  St  ^ g  in robes  as  before,  and  under  him  is  placed 'an  efcutcheon  of  arms  which  Mi.  Torn  lays wSundef  the  former  is  drifted  a  magiftrate  in  his  gown,  kneel¬ ing  at  a  delk;  below  it  is  this  imperfeft  infcription, ►T-t  j3D^a£e  P20  anima  3JoljamitB  JBcty?  cBlaftarti  ct  majojis  •<••••*  eho..qui T  obiit  12  i5°8. This  window  was  glazed  by  fir  John  Pety  knight,  fametime  time  lordmayor  of  the  citie  of Y°The  p^ntdeal  fas^dSn”  "own  ^  old  clock-cafe  which  greatly  disfigures thil  end  of  the  church,  and  place  the  dial-plate  direftly  over  the  fouth  entrance  within, as  it  is  without,  for  which  reafon  I  have  omitted  it  m  the  draught. w  **  **  *-*  “s  °f England.  , (I)  Or  feven  mafcles  (titles,  three,  three  and  one.  o. Theft  arms  was  the  bearing  of  Sayar  A  ®«i»0  earl  (»)>  Aum.  thijee  cftolles  g  ■ of  Winrhefir  of  which  family  our  St.  K'illium  was. 6  T The Chap.  II, of  the  CHURCH  s/YORK. '/lort/i.  — 7 531 Cathedral Church. 5 J31 CathedRAL C  H  V  R.C.H North  tranfept. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookII. The  north  part  of  the  tranfept, though  of  a  later  date,  is  of  the fame  Gothick  tafte  as  the  former,  for which  reafon  this  representation  of one  arch  will  give  the  reader  an  idea of  all.  It  is  here  to  be  noted  that the  arches  in  both  thefe  ends  of  the church  are  bolder,  and  nearer  feg- ments  ol  a  circle,  than  what  was built  in  fucceeding  times.  In  the  An¬ glo-Norman  age,  all  their  arches  made ufe  of  in  churches,  were  nearer  to  the Roman  tafte,  than  the  acutcr  oxey arch ,  which  came  afterwards  into falhion.  Several  antient  feals  of churches  which  I  have  feen  and  are finely  drawn  in  a  ma'nufcript  lent me  by  the  celebrated  John  Anftis , efquire,  garter  king,  do  witnels  the truth  of  this.  For  here  the  reprefen  ta- tionsof  their  oldeft  churches  are  made ufe  of  for  feals,  after  the  newer  were rebuilt  by  theecclefiafticks  of  fucceed¬ ing  ages.  The  end  of  this  building  is beautified  with  five  noble  lights  which conftitute  one  large  window,  and reach  almoft  from  top  to  bottom  of this  north  end.  This  window  has been  called  the  JewiJh  window,  but for  what  reafon  I  know  not.  There is  alfo  a  tradition  that  five  maiden  fi¬ lters  were  at  the  expence  of  thefe lights  ■,  the  painted  glafs  in  them reprefenting  a  kind  of  embroidery or  needle-work,  might  perhaps  give occafion  for  this  ftory.  Thefe  win¬ dows  are  of  a  very  uncommon  make, and  are  about  fifty  feet  high  and  five feet  broad  a  piece.  In  the  year  1715, they  were  much  fet  off  in  their  beau¬ ty,  by  a  fmall  border  of  clear  glafs, which  runs  round  the  painted,  and illuftrates  it  wonderfully.  The  arch- bifhop’s  confiftorial  court  is  in  one  of the  fide  ides  to  this  part  of  the  build¬ ing.  As  alfo  the  dean  and  chapter’s near  the  chapter-houfe  doors.  In the  windows  of  thefe  fmall  fide  ifles are,  or  were,  the  iollowing  bearings. lord  Latimer ,  over  the  entrance,  a Saxon  king,  Scrope  archbilhop,  St.  Paul,  azure  a  chevron  ingraiied  inter  three  hinds heads  erafed  or.  Malbyfs.  On  the  other  fide  was,  in  Mr.  Torre’s  time,  the  antient arms  of  the  fee,  impaled  with  vert,  three  roebucks  trippant  argent,  attired  or.  Archbi- (hop  Rotberam. We Chap.  II.  of  the  CHURCH  j/YORK. We  come  laft  to  defcribe  the  great tower  or  Icwtborn-ftceple ,  as  it  is  commonly called,  I  fuppofe,  from  bearing  a  r.efeoi- b lance  to  that  luminary.  It  is  founded  or? four  great  pillars  •,  each  compofed  of  du¬ ffers  of  round  columns  gradually  lefs  a3 they  conjoin  the  body  of  it.  Oyer  the four  great  arches  thefe  pillars  make  are placed  eight  coats  of  arms,  two  and  two of  a  fide.  On  the  weft  the  arms  of  En- land ,  theftpwers  delizdiftinguifhed  •,  with the  arms  of  Edward  the  confcjjor.  On the  eaft  the  pallium  or  antient  bearing  of the  fee  of  dork  and  St.  Wdfrid.  To  the north  the  arms  aflmncd  to  two  Saxon kings,  Edwin  and  Edmund  the  martyr. And  on  the  fouth  the  peculiar  arms  of the  church  and  thole  of  Waller  Skirlaw the  great  benefadtor  to  this  part  of  the building.  The  arms  of  England  fheW  that this  fteeple  was  not  finifhed  till  the  reigns of  Henry  V,  or  VI  •,  who,  as  I  have  elfe- where  noted,  were  the  firft  that  altered the  old  French  bearing.  Oyer  thefe  arms are  fever al  flowers,  cherubims  and  cloi- ftered  cells  for  images,  till  you  come  to a  handfome  ftone  balcony  or  terras  which is  embattled  and  goes  quite  round  the (quires  of  tiie  tower.  The  windows  are eight  in  number,  two  on  a  fide.  The roof  is  adorned  with  tracery,  arch  wife,  with wooden  beams  gilt  and  knotted.  The  cen , ter  knot,  which  is  the  largeft,  is  carved, and  reprefents  the  two  images  of  St.  Pe¬ ter  and  St.  Pauly  with  a  church  betwixt them. In  the  joining  the  old  y/ork  tp  this  new fteeple  there  is  fomewhat  remarkable  to be  taken  notice  of.  Upon  a  view  may  be obferved,  that  from  each  end  of  the  crofs and  on  each  fide  proceed  two  arches  of a  large  fweep,  and  a  third  is  begun  of the  fame  dimenfions.  But  by  the  inter- pofition  of  the  north  and  fouth  ifles,  of the  nave  and  choir,  they  are  interfered, and  let  drop  into  four  fuch  narrow  arches, that  one  of  them  was  thought  fit  anti- ently  to  be  filled  up,  and  the  reft  have lately  been  the  fame ;  as  judging  them no  fupport  to  the  fabrick  without  it.  By this  we  may  learn  how  difficult  it  was  to join  the  new  building  to  the  old,  and  yet preferve  regularity.  What  I  have  omit¬ ted  in  my  defeription  of  this  part  of  the church  may  be  fupplied  from  the  draught I  have  caufed  to  be  taken  of  the  crofs view  of  it. To  conclude  this  low  account  of  our magnificent  fabrick,  but  which  indeed  no words  can  illuftrate  as  it  ought  to  be,  I fhall  only  fay,  that  it  is  a  building  of  that magnitude  and  extent,  that,  even  in  thofe ages  which  affedted  the  eredting  of  reli¬ gious  ftrudtures,  it  took  near  two  centu¬ ries  to  com  pi  eat.  Since  which  it  has ftood  above  three  more,  and  hitherto  efca- ped  the  teeth  of  corroding  time  by  wind and  weather  •,  or,  what  is  much  more  de- 6  U  ftrudlivp J  3  3 Cathedral Church. ■Nave. Lanthornjleefle. 3' 534 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  RookII. Cathedral  ftruflive  than  either  of  them,  parly  zeal.  Let  it  be  then  the  prayers  of  all  good  men,  that Church.  this  glorious  building,  the 'great  monument  of  our  forefathers  piety,  may  never  want  a governour,  lefs  devoted  to  its  prefervation,  than  the  two  laft  actually  were  or  the  prefent feems  to  be*  That  this  fa  brick  may  Hand  firm  and  tranfmit  to  late  pofterity  the  vertues of  its  founders  i  and  continue,  what  it  has  long  been,  not  only  a  fingular  ornament  to  the city  and  thefe  northern  parts,  but  to  the  whole  kingdom. Fahrick rents.  The  .particular  rents  affigned  for  the  fupport  of  the  fabrick  amounts,  according  to Mr.  Torre’s  calculation,  but  to  one  hundred  and  feventy  one  pound  two  fhillings  and  eight pence  per  annum  \  befides  St.  Peter’s  part  as  a  refidentiary  (a).  There  has  fince  been  an addition  made  to  thefe  rents  by  a  legacy  left  the  church  of  one  thoufand  pound,  by  William earl  of  Strafford  •,  which  purchafed  lands  in  Barrowby  and  Little-Leek  to  the  value  of  forty eight  pound; annum.  Thefe.  annual  lums,  and  what  accrues  fometimes  upon  the  re¬ newal  ofleafes,  are  all  that  is  now  left  to  keep  and  maintain  this  waft  building  in  repair. But,  final!,  as  they  are,  the  fe&aries,  under  their  adminiftration,  would  needs  have  in¬ volved  them  in  the  common  fale  of  the  dean  and  chapter’s  revenues.  By  which  means this  noble  fabrick  muft  long  e’er  this  -have  been  a  heap  of  ruins.  Our  magiftracy  was fomewhat  alarmed  at  it,  and  wrote  a  fpecial  letter  to  their  then  worthy  reprefentatives in  parliament,  in  order  to  put  a  ftop  to  this  moft  fcandalous  affair.  The  original  letter was  communicated  to  me  by  our  prefent  dean  •,  a  copy  of  which  I  here  fubjoin,  taken  li¬ teratim,  with  which  I  fhall  conclude  this  chapter. Lord-mayor ’s  letter  for  fabrick  rents. Gentlemen , T/TTE  underjland  that  the  furveyors  of  the  deane  and  chapters  landes  intend  to  retorne  parte of  the  fabrick  landes  by  this  pof,  and  other  part  thereof  by  the  next ,  dtflinftly  by  them - felves.  Tou  know  what  an  ornament  and  of  what  publique  ufe  the  minfler  is  to  this  cittie\  we have  therefore  writt  to  Mr.  Bowles  to  get  a  petition  drawn  for  continuance  of  thofe  rents  to  the ufe  for  which  they  were  given,  and  doe  earneflly  defire  your  care  and  affi fiance  herein ,  and  up¬ on  Mr.  Bowles  retorne  hither,  that  you  will  dir  eft  captaine  Wood  what  you  think  ft,  and we  are  affured  he  will  be  carefull  to  obferve  your  dire  ft  ions.  Soe  in  the  affurance  of  your  care herein,  we  remayr.e Tour  affured  f rinds. York  the  7.id  of January  1649. Leon.  Thompfon  major. He.  Thomfon, Rob.  Horner. To  the  right  worfhipful  William  Allanfon,  bit.  and  Thomas  Hoyle,  efqy  members  of  parlia¬ ment  at  Weftminfter. Sealed  with  the  city’s  feal. («)  See  the  feveral  demifes  of  the  fabrick  lands  by  the  dean  and  chapter  in  Mr.  Tom’ s  manufeript ,  from p.  6.  to  p.  18. CHAP. 535 //7/e  dif/ere/it •  //'//hi  <i/id (/lean  n  e/4  ed  f/ie  3xi n<p ,L/>>7 /urj,  //arle, (/darn/,, <Y  t//e  6aJue/ral  7/inrc/  <>//</  {Aafi/sr  i  /Mt/^e  of  ''l  oi'k ;  draiim  frmn  t/ien<  ■< <S  o,  A>,  Em/Zliti  John  of  EM, a, n  ffit/L.  "flZZlt/L  OUFrano. ///  Pt/fm  of  t/e .Wo/n/it/y  and (fen try  ^England Her.  n/iu/i  neere  depicted  in  t/e  /Vindarv-J //no  1641  /y  u wine  eunenco  C/’erjoupnoot  ofm/iic/  ore  a/fiatmt  t/ure  at  t/uj  (tDay. _ , Afae//n/.  TTfaMrt/fze jh  v 641  in/ linnet.  Ca/iUeScLeon.  Mauley {  I  1,  I" £ Paoa/tieP. / Polvt/G .  Old  Pern/ €)  J  & Erujparid.  Ca/tdedcZeoTb.  Ctfffbr-d-  Vers Rte/iare/  Ear / /  Pomwa/ ^(letn .  Grei/oto-r7 ■■SWIiiaB 1 “■  etfeynff  ByodEMar/kal.  Beezuc/uimp.  Bu/mer ^  7>%£%SS&?'  War,, '  t  ± -  -  V,i4v^  . ..X^ys.  3—  7? 'Jpo  if fe|Pl  *3 JH ILL  , \ Pern/. I  djJf/E  8iki*4 Varan yiwT  ./ty/,/„;ws.?w.  f// f  ■(//:'"/  (alnl/c.  G/f/ford.  Wake -k'% ©©  © Q  O’© _  -fx<r Pt&f  TPaZ/er.  Eet/i/i/e. i1 4r>  » Et/f  Ran  tap/ JVetn/e wri ,  Zp/t  n  c/e  Br  't  /  a  <  n Ear/  ofR/e/imond. Va/enee Fra/ tee  HcEnej/Zand.  R onset r-7  jf* P/e/  Gower jSarvet,  BrcAlp.  BemelMohun /  York .  J'lWillteim,  llrchbp. Edwin , J'arm  Iunp. Oswa/ef, Jar  on  Kttu/. Iliil //m/?'et’(//e . Jtafj/eton  Etto?i  of' Gt//tny.  Has  tin  e/^ arasonr m P.55+ 61 i/fere/tt,  irnu  in.  hone  oyer  hie.  f/rc/uy  in  he  ///&>£  fnd  of f/i,  /7m, eA EJnfPr.cflla/a.  PaJ1„,„/  and .  /  __  '/71 .  ll  If  f  ^\Ti7  : ^  Vchn*,.  Ch/uun.  Jy/^  _  rMFn,„e,, f  f  f f  t  ft ttj jP  - 1? ’■w^f  (  -■  f  /£ -  -,  ^ \ _ /  \  s/  \  —  / Aapter cfYor/t .  Nevt/e.  ./(Vvw  gf  r,,ax /  rr  r  „  ~~ - - i -  fiction.  ‘'tf/cd-  htra/o„r  I)ae,Yc.  Benue/, amp.  Mcutiraj/ Chap.  III. of  the  CHURCH  «/ YORK. 53  J CHAP.  III. The  archiepifcopal fee  o/Yor  k,  its  antiquity,  furifMion,  &c.  The dean  and  chapter,  their  charters  and  liberties,  privileges  and  im¬ munities  granted  to  them  by  diverfe  kings.  The  principal  dignitaries of  the  cathedral.  The  clofe  of  York  and  the  Bederne. N  treating  on  this  head  I  (hall  eXaftly  follow  Mr.  Torre's  method,  who  has  divided  the fubjeft  in  the  following  manner, 1.  The  archiepifcopal  fee. 2.  The  dean  and  chapter. 3.  The  dean  foie. 4.  The  dignitaries. 5.  The  canons  or  prebends. 6.  The  vicars  choral. 7.  The  parfons  or  chantry  priefts. 8.  Other  inferior  officers,  &c. The  archiepifcopal  fee  may  be  confidered C  1.  Antiquity, ',2.  Dignity, Archiepfccpal fee. In  its  do,.  Jurifdiflion, K3- ) 4.  Revenues, 1  5.  Primates. The  firft:  and  laft  of  thefe  heads  have  been  already  fufficiently  treated  on  ;  but  in  order  to  Amlguh,. begin  methodically  it  will  be  neceffary  to  recapitulate  fomewhat  relating  to  the  antiquity  ot this  fee  I  lliall  pafs  by  the  hiftory  of  the  Britijh  church,  and  proceed  to  what  is  mucil more  tuithentick,  the  primary  inftitution  of  it  under  the  Saxon  government  in  Britain. The  archiepifcopal  fee  of  Turk  was  in  form  inftituted  fome  time  before  the  days  ot  Pauli- „U, ,  though  not  in  fubftance.  It  a;  pears  by  the  letters  of  pope  Gregory  the  great,  which bore  date  x.  ial.  Julii  imperante  domino  nojiro  Mauritio  piijjimo  augufta  anno  xix.  pop  confu- lat  ejufdem  domini  xviii.  indiStione  quart,  which  was  about  the  year  of  Cbrijl  602,  that  lie commanded  Augufline,  to  whom  lie  had  then  fent  the  pall  by  which  he  defigned  him  arch, bifhop  of  London ,  to  appoint  a  bifliop  at  the  city  of  Tori,  fucli  a  perfon  as  he  himfelf  Ihould think  fit'to  ordain.  Which  bifliop,  as  foon  as  this  city  and  northern  parts  ot  the  realm were  converted  to  chriftianity,  fhould  enjoy  the  honour  of  a  metropolitan,  and  exercife  the right  of  ordaining  twelve  futfragan  bilhops  under  him.  He  was  alfo  to  have  the  dignity  of the  pall  conferred  upon  him,  and  to  be  made  equal  in  privilege  with  the  other  province  (a). But  it  was  not  until  the  year  of  Chrift  627,  that  this  archiepifcopal  lee  was  erefted  in  fub-A.  bcmvm.i ftance,  as  1  have  before  related ;  for  then  what  was  only  defigned  by  pope  Gregory,  was  ac- complifiied  in  the  primacy  of  Paulinas.  Pope  Honoritts,  in  the  year  634,  fent  this  prelate the  pall,  and  direfted  his  decretal  letters  to  king  Edwyn,  recounting  the  parity  which  St.  Fall. Gregory  had  appointed  between  the  two  metropolitans  of  England.  Exprefsly  granting  them  A.  dcxxxiv. mutual  power  of  ordaining  each  other  ■,  that,  in  time  ol  a  vacancy  of  either  lee,  the  fur- viving  archbilhop  fiiould  be  qualified  to  ordain  another  in  his  place,  and  not  be  forced  to undergo  fuch  tedious  and  long  journeys  to  Rome,  on  every  ordination  (b). This  privilege  as  foon  as  it  was  granted  was  put  in  praftice;  for  tile  fame  year  Honorius the  fifth  archbilhop  of  Canterbury  was  confecrated  at  Lincoln  by  P aulinus  then  archbilhop  of Ygrk.  And  afterwards  Boza  the  fourth  primate  of  this  fee  was  ordained  by  Theodore  arch- bilhop  of  Canterbury  (e). The  pall,  that  greac  fymbol  of  ecclefuftical  fovereignty  was  omitted  from  the  time  ol P aulinus  to  the  reign  of  Egbert-,  which  prelate,  at  his  coming  to  the  fee,  again  procured it  from  Rome,  and  reftored  it  to  his  church.  And  after  him  all  his  fucceffors  to  the  Refor¬ mation,  received  the  archiepifcopal  pall  at  their  confirmations.  It  was  firft  taken  off  the tomb  ofSt.  Peter,  and  fent  as  an  emblem  of  archiepifcopal  plenitude,  in  token  of  humility, vimlancy,  &c.  to  be  ufed  or  worn  by  the  archbilhop  in  his  church,  at  the  celebration  ot mafs  on  the  following  principal  daysfdj. fa)  Bedac  bifl.  Gul.  Meldun.  in  pontificibtts  Ebor. T.  Stubbs  in  iifdem. fb)  Tho.  Srubbs.  Brad.  hi/l. (c)  Stubbs.  Goodwin  de  praeful. fd )  Pope  Honorius  II.  gave  a  pail  to  Thurflan  then  arch- bifhop  of  York  and  his  fucceffors,  which  grant  mentions the  former  made  by  pope  Gregory.  Regiftro  Greenfield, f.  44.  In  an  original  charter  which  was  in  St.  Mary  s tower,  York,  the  title  of  which  w  s  Pallium  conceffwn arebiepifeopo  Ebor.  per  Alexar.drum  papam ,  a  pall  was 1.  Chrijt - The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES Book  II. See  of  York. Jurifdiclion. 1 .  Chriftrnafs  day. 2.  Sc.  Stephen's  day. 3.  Epiphany. 4.  Tpopanton. 5.  Co  ena  Domini.  \ 6.  Eafier-day. 7.  Afcenfion-day. 8.  Penlecoft. 13.  At  confecratiQns  of  bifhops,  priefts, deacons  or  churches. 11.  The  feftivals  of  all  the  holy  apo- flles. 12.  On  the  commemorations  of  all  the fajnts,  martyrs,  or  confefiors,  that  lye in  the  fame  church. 10.  The  nativity  of  St.  John  Baptifi. ^  Nativity. 9.  Thefeafts  of  St.  JVlarfs  a  Anmintiation. <;  nativity.  14.  On  the  pnniverfary  day  of  the  arch- <  Anmintiation.  bifhop’s  own  confederation. <■  AJJumption. .  ■  Th£re  Tf  an  ancient  cuftom  between  the  two  metropolitans  of  England,  that  the  furvi- ving  fhould  exercifeall  archiepifcopa]  jurifdiclion  within  the  province  of  the  defunct,  viz. to  confccrate  bifhops,  to  crowi.  the  king,  to  fing  high  mafs  before  the  king  at  Chriftrnafs, EaftermA Pentecoft.  According  to  this  ufage,  in  the  year  gS  4,  St.  Cutbbert  was  cpnfecrared bilhop  of  Lmiujarn  oxYork,  the  fee  being  then  vacant,  by  Theodore  archbifhop  of  Canter- bury.  Alfo,  :  n  the  other  fide  Thomas  archbifhop  of  York  ordained  thefe  bifhops  of  the  pro- vincc  or  Canterbury ,  viz.  (e) But  when  Lanfranc ,  abbot  of  Caen  in  Normandy ,  was  made  archbifhop  of  Canterbury  by Zu?  L  rnd  afterwards  SoinS  .to  Rom£  for  his  pall,  Thomas  archbifhop  o  Tork ,  whom he  had  confecrated,  went  with  him.  Thomas  propounded  to  pope  Alexander  II.  the  contro- ve.  y  betwixt  them,  about  the  primacy  and  fubjeCtion  of  the  fee  of  Ter to  Canterbury  ;  and claimed  the  bifhopricks  of  Lincoln ,  Worcefter  and  Litchfield ,  as  fubjett  to  this  fee.  The pope  decreed  that  the  caufe  ought  to  be  heard  in  England ,  and  decided  by  the  teftimony anti  judgment  of  all  the  bifhops  and  abbots  of  the  whole  realm.  After  two  difeuffions  of t^s‘n:;t:ter»  one  at  Winchefter ,  in  the  king’s  chapel  within  thatcaftle,  during  the  folemnity A.  1071.  or  Eajler ,  and  the  other  at  Windfcr  in  the  feaft  of  Po.tecofi ,  it  was  finely  determined  in  the prefence  of  the  king,  bifhops,  abbots,  Hubert  legate  of  the  Roman  ci.urch,  and  many  other orders  of  men  there  aflembled,  upon  proof  made  by  old  authorities  and  writings, 1.  That  the  church  of  Tork  ought  to  be  fubjeCt  to  that  of  Canterbury ,  and  the  archbifhop of  Tork  to  obey  the  archbifhop  of  Canterbury  in  all  tilings  pertaining  tochriflian  religion  as the  primate  of  all  Britain  °  ’ 2.  That  if  the  archbifhop  of  Canterbury  called  a  council,  wherefoever  he  pleafed,  the archbifhop  of  Tork  with  his  fufiragans,  ought  there  to  be  prefent,  and  give  obedience  to what  fhould  be  determined. 3.  That  the  archbifnop  of  Tork  ought  to  receive  epifcopal  benediction  from  him,  and  un¬ der  oath  to  make  unto  him  canonical  obedience. To  thefe  conditions  the  king,  archbifhops,  bifhops,  abbots  and  all  there  prefent T  hele  hard  articles  againft  the  fee  of  Tork ,  were  obtained  againft  Thomas  archbifhop, partly  by  the  king’s  partiality  to  Lanfranc ,  and  partly  by  the  lofs  of  all  the  records  belong¬ ing  to  the  church;  which  were  burnt  in  the  great  conflagration  which  happened  in  the  city a  few  years  before.  But  it  was  not  long  after  that  the  fee  of  Tork  again  raifed  her  head  to be,  .  r  lea  ft,  equal  with  Canterbury. \  and  all  her  former  privileges  were  reftored. Pope  Honorius  II.  granted  his  bull  of  exemption  to  Tburfian  archbifhop  of  Tork ,  and  his fucceflors;  thereby  confirming  to  that  fee  its  ancient  dignity  over  his  own  fuffragan  bifhops, together  with  all  the  right  parochial,  epifcopal  or  metropolitical,  which  in  any  refpeCt  did ever  appertain  to  his  church.  And  by  authority  of  the  fee  apoftolick  prohibited  as  well the  archbifhop  of  Canterbury  from  exercifing  any  profefiion,  or  oath  of  Subjection,  over  the fee  of  Tork ;  or  Tork  from  requiring  the  like  from  Canterbury.  Alfo  whatever  pope  Grero- ry  had  beiore  granted  fhould  now  ftand  good,  viz.  that  Tork  fhould  in  no  refpeCt  yield  any fubjeCtion  to  Canterbury  but  be  directed  according  to  the  conftitution  of  that  holy  father, which  ordained  that  this  diftinCtion  of  honour  fhould  perpetually  be  obferved  betwixt  them, 1.  That  he  fhould  be  accounted  the  firft  primate  who  was  firft  ordained. 2.  That  if  the  archbifhop  of  Canterbury  would  not  gratis,  and  without  exacting  fubjeCtion, confecrate  the  eleCt  archbifhop  of  Tork ;  that  then  the  faid  eleCt  fhould  either  be  confe- crated  by  his  own  fuffragan  bifhops,  or  elfe  by  the  hands  of  his  holynefs  himfclt  (g). ■ar\ The  j^.e  P°Pe  Honorius  did,  by  his  letters  mandatory,  bearing  date  at  the  Lateran , v  id.  Dec.  and  directed  to  king  Henry  I,  William  archbifhop  of  Canterbury  and  others,  com¬ mand  them  to  permit  Thomas,  fecond  archbifhop,  of  2’orky  to  have  his  crofs  carried  before him,  in  any  parto f  England,  according  to  the  ancient  cuftom  and  prerogative  of  the  church granted  to  the  archbifhop  of  York,  wherein  he  appoints upon  what  days  and  occafions  he  fhall  ufc  it.  Sir  T.  W. (f)  Eadmeri  hid.  Gul.  Meldun.  &c. (g)  Mon.  Mg.  vol.  III.  p.  132.  Torre,  p.  341. (h)  Mon.  Ang.  vol.  III.  p.  147.  Torre,  ditty. Of Chap. III.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK.  537 of  York.  As  alio  to  crown  the  king  after  the  ufual  manner.  In  the  time  of  king  Stephen  this  See  o/York. privilege  was  again  confirmed  to  Roger  archbiihop  of  York,  by  the  authority  of  pope  Jnrifdiftion. Alexander  II. In  much  later  times,  viz.  in  the  year  1538,  there  was  an  award  made  between  thefe  two metropolitans  touching  probats  oi  wills,  adminiftration  of  goods,  &c.  that  if  any  perfon died  in  either  province,  having  goods  in  both,  then  the  will  ought  to  be  proved,  and  admi- niftration  taken  in  both  provinces  for  the  goods  within  the  fam c(i)t The  luffragan  bifiiops  lubjedl  to  the  primate  of  York  were  thefe, 1 .  Lindisferne  or  Durham , 2.  Caerlijle , 3.  Chejler , 4.  St.  Andrews , 5.  Glafgow , 6.  C and’ da  cafa , 7.  Orcadcs , 8.  The  if! and s. 9.  Sodor,  in  the  IJle  of  Man. The  fee  of  Durham  from  all  antiquity  was  fubjedt  to  the  primacy  of  York.  And,  in  the  Durham fifth  oi  William  I.  it  was  determined  by  all  the  bifiiops,  abbots,  &V.  of  the  realm,  in thofe  conftitutions  made  at  Winchefter  and  Windfor ,  that  the  bifhoprick  of  Durham ,  and  all the  counties  from  the  bounds  of  the  bifhoprick  of  Litchfield ,  and  from  the  great  river  Hum¬ ber  to  the  i.irthelt  part  of  Scotland ,  fiiould  be  in  the  province,  and  under  the  jurifdidlion  of the  fee  of  York  (k). Pope  Innocent  IV,  in  his  confirmation  of  the  pofiefilons  and  liberties  of  this  primate,  ra¬ tified  to  W liter  archbifhop  of  York,  and  his  fucceflors,  the  fubjedlion  of  the  fee  of  Durham ; as  his  metropolitical  right  (l). In  the  year  1080.  William  de  Kairilipho ,  abbot  of.St.  Viveants ,  being  elected  bifhop  of Durham ,  received  his  confecration  from  the  hands  of  Thomas  archbifhop  of  York  (in). Anno  1099,  Ranulf  Flamberd  was  confecrated  bifhop  of  Durham  by  the  faid  archbifhop Thomas ,  and  figned  the  inftrument  of  his  profeflion  unto  him  (n). ^  Anno  1 1 29,  Geffry  Rufus  was  confecrated  bifhop  of  that  fee  by  Thurfian  archbifhop  of York ;  into  whofe  hands  he  delivered  the  inflrument  of  his  canonical  oath  (0). Anno  1143,  pope  C  define  II.  acquaints  Geffry  eledt  of  York ,  by  his  apoflolical  letters,  that he  had  commanded  Hugh  bifhop  of  Durham  to  affift  him  as  well  before  as  after  confecration  j and  to  yield  to  him  due  obedience  as  his  primate  ;  to  whom  both  he  and  his  church  of  Dur¬ ham  are  and  ought  to  be  fubject  (p). (q)  According  to  an  ancient  cultom  the  bifhop  of  Durham ,  after  his  confecration,  is  bound to  offer  at  York ,  one  very  rich  cope.  And,  when  he  Comes  to  do  it,  is  to  be  received  at  the church  door  with  procefiion. It  likewife  appears,  by  divers  records,  that  fundry  precedents  of  fubjedlion  have  been made  to  the  primacy  of  York ,  by  the  fee  of  Durham  in  thefe  following  refpedls : I.  When  the  fee  of  Durham  is  full, 1.  The  archbiihop  of  York  makes  metropolitical  vifitations  in  that  Palatinate . 2.  He  fummons  their  bifiiops  to  provincial  fynods  or  convocations. 3.  Proves  wills  in  his  prerogative  court  of  perfons  deceafing  within  his  diocefe ;  or  having goods  within  the  province. 4.  All  appeals  from  Durham  are  made  to  the  archbiihop  of  York  as  metropolitan. II.  In  the  vacancy  of  the  fee  of  Durham  ; 1 .  The  archbiihop  ol  fork  afiumes  into  his  hands  all  ecclefiaftical  jurifdidlion  thereof ;  and fo  doing  heconftitutes  his  own  ecclefiaftical  judges  over  the  fame. 2.  Grants  inftitutions  to  benefices  therein. 3.  Makes  diocefan  vifitations  there. 4.  Confirms  the  eledtions  of  their  bifiiops,  and  confecrates  them.  At  which  time  fuch bifiiops  take  the  oath  of  obedience  and  fubjedlion  to  the  archbifhop  in  the  fiime  manner  as the  reft  ol  the  bifiiops  of  the  province  do  at  their  confirmation  and  confecration  (r). The  bifhoprick  of  Carlifle  is  alfo  fubjedland  fuffragan  to  the  primacy  of  York  \  and  that from  the  time  of  its  firft  eredlion.  For,  in  the  year  1133,  when  Ade/wald  the  firft  bifhopCl'llllt thereof  was  confecrated  by  Thurfian  archbiihop  of  York ,  he  both  took  his  canonical  oath  of fubjedtion,  and  the  deliverance  of  the  inflrument  thereof  figned  with  his  own  hand  (s). ^  in  England. in  Scotland. (i)  Torre  ut  fupra. {k)  Brad.  hift. (/)  Mon.  Ang.  vol.III.  p.  143 . (m)  Goodwin ,  p.64.1. (  «  )  Stubbs,  1709. (  0  )  Idem,  J720. (p)  Mon. Ang.  vol.III.  p.148. (q)  Mon. Ang.  vol.III.  p.164. (0  Torre,  f.  343.  Procejfus  controverfiae  inter  epifcop . Dunelm.  et  archiep.  Ebor.  de  uiptatione,  regift.  W.  Wick- wain,  p.  25.  Vide  etiam  regift.  Corbridge,  p.  107.  Melton, p.470.  Joh.  Romani,  p.6 9,  101,  102,103,  104- (s)  Stubbs ,  p.1720.  Goodwin,  p.675. 6X In 4 J38  Ibe  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. S£eo/York.  In  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  pope  Innocent  IV.  confirmed  to  archbifhop  of  York,  and Jurifthaion.  his  fucceifors  the  fubjedtion  of  the  bifhoprick  of  Cnrlijle  to  him  and  his  church  by  metro- political  right  (l). Chcfter.  The  bifhoprick  of  Chcjler ,  erected  by  king  HenryWll.  was  alfo  added  to  the  province of  York  -,  and  thenceforth  have  all  its  fucceeding  bifhops  ever  anlwered  the  archbifhops  of York  their  metropolitical  rights  and  privileges^;. ScettiJL  bifhops.  Anciently  all  the  bifhops  of  Scotland  were  fubjedt  to  the  fee  of  York.  For  it  appears  by the  letter  of  pope  Calixtus ,  bearing  date  at  Yarentum  xviii.  kal.  Feb.  and  directed  to  Alexan¬ der  king  of  Scots ,  that  his  holinefs  earneftly  exhorts  the  Scottiffo  nobility,  and  enjoins  the  king by  no  means  to  fuller  his  bifhops  to  confecrate  one  another  ;  without  firft  obtaining  licence from  their  metropolitan.  That,  as  oft  as  need  required,  they  fhould  with  all  reverence repair  to  the  eledt  archbifhop  of  York,  their  metropolitan,  and  from  him  receive  their  par¬ ticular  confecrations  i  either  from  his  own  hands,  or,  in  cafe  of  neceflity  by  his  li¬ cence  firft  obtained,  from  one  another.  Further,  the  faid  pope,  by  his  apoftolical  autho¬ rity,  ftridtly  enjoins  both  them  and  him  humbly  to  obey  the  faid  archbifhop  as  their  father and  matter  (x). S.  Andrews.  gut  to  examine  their  particular  fubjedtions  apart  we  fhall  begin  with  that  of  St.  An¬ drews Fodewith  bifhop  of  St.  Andrews ,  by  the  council  and  command  of  Malcolm  king  of  Scots, came  into  England  in  the  reign  of  William  I.  to  make  acknowledgment  of  his  fault  for  ha¬ ving  been  ordained  by  the  bifhops  of  Scotland ;  whereas  by  right  he  ought  to  have  been  or¬ dained  by  his  metropolitan  of  York.  Fie  then  made  his  humble  profeflion  to  Yhomas  archbi- lhop  of  York  and  his  fucceflors;  delivering  the  inftruments  with  his  own  hands,  after  he  had read  the  form  thereof,  to  the  primate  (y). Not  long  after  this,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  I.  Yhurjlan ,  prior  of  Durham ,  received  his confecration  to  the  bifhoprick  of  St.  Andrews,  at  the  hands  of  Yhomas  archbifhop  of  York who  took  likewile  his  canonical  oath  of  fubjedtion  and  the  inftrument  thereof  by  him  fub- feribed  ( z ). Hence  the  bifhops  of  St.  Andrews  were  fucceflively  within  the  province  of  York  ; until  pope  Calixtus  IV.  made  the  bifhop  of  St.  Andrews  primate  of  all  Scotland ,  and appointed  twelve  bifhops  under  him  fa).  This  happened  in  the  reign  of  Edward  IV.  and the  primacy  of  George  Nevill. Giafgow.  The  bifhops  of  Glafcow  alfo  paid  obedience  to  this  archiepifcopal  fee  of  York ;  as  is  evi¬ dent  by  thefe  following  examples, Kinfnis  the  twenty  third  archbifhop  ordained  Magfuen  bifhop  of  Giafgow ,  and  after  that confecrated  John  his  fucceflor,  and  took  the  charter  of  his  profettion  •,  which  was  burnt  with other  evidences  of  the  church  of  York,  in  that  deplorable  conflagration  of  this  city  by  the Norman  foldiers  (b). In  the  reign,  of  Henry  I.  archbifhop  Yhomas  confecrated  Michael  bifhop  of  Giafgow,  who made  his  publick  profefllon  of  obedience  to  him,  and  his  fucceflors,  and  then  delivered  the inftrument  into  his  hands. About  the  fame  time  pope  Calixtus  wrote  to  John  the  next  bifhop  of  Giafgow,  who  having been  formerly  confecrated  by  pope  Pafchall  his  predeceflor,  was  grown  fo  elated  by  that  fa¬ vour  as  he  refufed  to  yield  due  obedience  to  his  metropolitan  of  York.  And  had  lb  farwith- drawn  his  fubjedtion  from  him  that  he  regarded  not  this  pope’s  mandate,  which  required him  to  do  it  within  thirty  days,  but  contemptuoufly  perfevered  in  his  fault.  This  fo  highly provoked  his  holinefs  that  he  fent  another  mandatory  bull,  dated  at  Yarentum,  requiring  him to  repair  to  the  church  of  York,  in  which  chapter  as  a  fuffragan  he  had  been  eledted,  and acknowledge  her  for  his  mother,  making  his  profeflion  to  Yhomas  then  archbifhop,  his  me¬ tropolitan.  Otherways  the  fentence,  which  the  archbifhop  fhould  canonically  pronounce  a- o-ainft  him,  the  pope  would  by  his  own  authority  ratify  and  confirm  (c). Candida  Cafa  This  bifhoprick  was  alfo  fubjedt  to  the  fee  of  York-,  as  is  manifeft  by  the  fubmiflion  of «•  Galloway.  Gilla- Aldan  eledt  bifhop  of  Candida  Cafa  ;  who  being  confecrated  by  Ylmrjlan  archbifhop  of York  made  his  recognition  according  to  the  tenour  of  thefe  words : “  That  whereas  he  underftood,  both  by  the  au  then  tick  writings  of  the  fathers,  and  by  the “  undeniable  teftimonies  of  ancient  men,  that  the  bifhop  of  Candida  Cafa  ought  anciently  to «  refpedt  the  metropolitical  church  of  York  as  its  mother  •,  and  in  all  fpiritual  matters  truly “  to  obey  her.  Whereupon  he,  the  faid  bifhop  thereof,  promifed  thenceforth  to  the  church “  of  York ,  and  to  archbifhop  Yhurjlan  and  his  fucceflors  all  due  fubjedtion  and  canonical  obe- “  dience,  as  was  inftituted  by  the  holy  fathers  of  old  fa;. ft)  Mon.  Ang.  vol.  III.  p.143. (u)  Goodwin,  p.  6S  5 . (x)  Mon.  Ang.  vol.  ill.  p.  146. (y)  T.  Stubbs,  p.  1709. (z.)  Idem.  p.  I7*3* (a)  Goodwin,  p.  6ir. fa)  Stubbs,  p.  1700. fa)  Mon.  Ang.  vol.  III.  p.  147- (  d )  Mon.  Ang.  vol.  III.  p.  148.  T.  Stubbs,  p.  1720. Yhomas Chap.  lit.  of  the  CHURCH  s/YORl Thomas  the  fecond  archbilhop  of  tork  confeerated and  ordained  Ralph  bifhop  of  the  Oral-  Sicfi  Vets iian  ijlands  ;  and  took  his  profcffion  in  writing  under  his  hand  touching  his  iubjeftion  to  his Itchiepifcopal  fee  (e).  °'c“w  ' Pope  Calixtus  II.  fends  his  exhortatory  letters  to  Atjlan  and  Seward  kings  of  Norway,  to receive  the  faid  bifhop  of  Oroides,  who  was  canonically  elected  and  confeerated  in  his  metro- political  church  of  York  ■,  and  to  proteft  hint  in  the  quiet  exercife  of  his  function  If). Olave  king  of  fie  ijles  writes  to  ‘Ibomas  archbilhop  of  York,  defiring  him  to  confer  tl1eThe  Wes epifcopal  order  on  the  abbot  ot  Fournefs ;  whom  he  had  for  that  purpofe  lent  unto Hence  one  IVymumle  (the  faid  abbot  I  fuppofe)  was  ordained  and  confeerated  bifhop  o! the  ijlands  by  the  faid  archbilhop  ;  he  making  his  open  profeffion  of  Iubjeftion,  and  deli¬ vering  the  inftrument  of  it  into  the  archbifhop’s  hands  (h). Pope  Celejline  II.  by  his  bull,  dated  at  St.  Piter's  June  it,  1458.  made  the  cathedra!*** church  of  Sudor,  in  the  ifle  of  Man,  fdbjeft  to  the  archbilhoprick  ot  York(i). Notwithftanding  the  plainnefs  of  the  evidence  in  regard  of  the  jurifdiftion  the  fee  of  Tork had  anciently  over  all  Scotland,  yet  it  is  ftiffly  denied  by  their  hiftorians,  It  is  true  this  iub- jeftion  has  been  often  concerted,  but  that  does  not  prove  their  exemption  from  it.  In  a council  at  Northampton,  held  anno  1175,  where  were  prefent  Henry  II.  lung  of  England, William  I.  of  Scotland,  the  two  archbilhops,  and  all  the  bifhops  and  clergy  of  both  king¬ doms,  this  affair  was  warmly  contefled  by  boch  parties.  Here  it  was  that  one  Gilbert,  a young  Scotch  prieft,  flood  up  and  made  an  elegant  oration  on  the  fubject.  He  endeavours to  prove  that  the  kirk  of  Scotland  was  more  ancient  than  that  of  Tork,  that  fhe  was^  York’s mother  church,  and  firll  inftrufted  the  Northumbrian  kings  and  princes  in  the  principles  of Chrijlianity .  That  fhe  ordained  the  bifhops  and  priefls  of  Northumberland  at  firft  lor  more than  thirty  years  ;  and  had  the  primacy  of  the  churches  north  of  Humber.  For  all  which he  appeals  to  the  tellimony  of  venerable  Bede.  And  concludes  with  an  appeal  to  the  pope, to  whole  precepts  alone  he  adds  the  church  of  Scotland  is  iubjeft. This  bold  harangue  was  of  no  fervice  to  the  argument,  and  feems  to  have  been  defpifed by  Rarer  then  archbilhop  of  York ;  for  at  the  breaking  up  of  the  affembly  the  prelate  took occafion  to  lay  his  hand  on  the  orator’s  head,  and,  with  a  fmiling  countenance,  faid,  Well Jhot  fir  Gilbert;  but  thefe  arrows  come  not  out  of  your  own  quiver. It  would  be  endlefs  to  mention  all  the  druggies  about  this  precedency  over  Scotland  ;  luf- ficient  it  is  to  fay  that  the  records  of  this  matter  are  dill  preferred  with  us ;  and  may  be feen  in  a  very  ancient  book  in  the  regider’s  office,  ftyled  Regijlrum  magnum  album.  A  book of  that  antiquity  that  it  was  lent  to  Polydore  Vergil  to  perufe,  by  Edward  Lee  then  archbilhop of  York,  as  the  greated  rarity  of  that  kind  in  the  church  (Tj. This  precedency  was  certainly  very  inconvenient  in  the  exercife  by  reafon  of  the  conftanc wars  between  the  two  nations.  And  at  lad  James  III.  of  Scotland  wrote  a  letter  to  pope Sixtus  IV.  requiring  him  to  conditute  the  bifhop  of  St.  Andrews  primate  of  all  Scotland. This  requed  was  granted,  and  though  George  Nevill,  then  archbilhop  of  York,  withllood  it with  all  his  might  ;  yet  the  pope  over-ruled  him  ;  alledging,  that  it  was  unfit  that  an  enemy Jhould  be  metropolitan  of  Scotland.  Polydore  Vergil  writes,  that  his  contemporary  Edward Lee,  archbilhop,  had  intentions  to  have  revived  his  claim  in  the  reign  of  HenryVUL  it  the fate  of  thofe  times  hrd  permitted  a  general  council.  But  now  we  may  prefume  to  lay  that the  precedency  the  fee  of  York  once  had  over  all  Scotland  is  irrecoverably  loll. Befides  the  former  there  were  other  kinds  of  luffragan  bifhops  in  the  diocefe  ;  the  names eifiifi  fujfm- of  feveral  of  which  wemeet  with  in  our  regiflers.  And  I  wonder  fo  exaft  a  man  as  Mr.***. Tom  omitted  taking  a  catalogue  of  them.  That  the  reader  may  better  underhand  what kind  of  dignitaries  thefe  were,  I  Ihall  beg  leave  to  fubjoin  an  abdraft  of  a  letter  from  die reverend  Dr.  Brett,  relating  to  this  peculiar  order  of  eeclefiadicks. “  (l)  The  bifhop’s  fuffragan,  though  they  had  foreign  titles  were  all  Engljhmen-,  the  ori- <•  ginal  of  them  I  take  to  have  proceeded  from  hence.  Mod  of  the  great  abbies  procured •‘Bulls  from  Rome  to  exempt  them  from  epifcopal  jurifdiftion ;  and  to  be  immediate- “  ly  fubjeft  to  the  pope  only.  But  having  occafion  for  epifcopal  offices  to  be  performed  in “  their  monalleries  to  confecrate  altars,  chalices,  veflments,  and  other  ecclefiailical  orna- “  rnents,  and  to  confirm  novices  taken  into  their  houfes,  they  found,  if  on  fuch  occaftons “  they  fhould  apply  to  any  diocefan  bifhop,  it  would  be  taken  as  a  fubmiffion  to  his  jurif- “  diftion  s  and  therefore  they  got  one  of  their  own  monks  to  be  confeerated  a  biihop  with “  fome  foreign  title  (mod  commonly  a  title  in  Greece  or  fome  part  of  the  Greek  church) “  who  coultTtherefore  challenge  no  jurifdiftion  in  any  part  of  England  ;  though  with  the “  confentof  thofe  who  had  jurifdiftion  here,  he  might  exercife  any  part  of  the  epifcopal (e)  T.  Stubbs,  p.  1 7  t  3 . (f)  Mon.  Ang-  vol.  111.  p.144,5. (s)  Ijcm-  P-  '45- {/;)  T.  Stubbs,  p.  1713. (z)  Torre  cx  regijlro  Willielmi  Booth  ttrehiepifeopi f.  369. :  (k)  ExMSAwT.IV. (1)  This  letter  was  wrote  on  occafion  of  an  enquiry made  by  this  gentleman  about  archbifhop  Kemp's  fuffra- gans,  from  his  regifter;  in  order  to  illuftrate  the  life  of that  prelate  now  in  writing  by  the  reverend  Mr.  Peg  of Comonham  in  Kent. “  function. 4 y4o  Tl:e  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  If. StE  o/York.  44  funftion.  And  the  archbifhops  and  other  bifhops  who  had  large  diocefes,  or  who  were Jurifilidion.  44  employed  in  fecular  affairs,  being  made  lord  chancellors,  as  Kemp  was,  or  lord  treafurers, 44  or  the  like,  made  thefe  titular  bifhops  their  fuffragans,  to  perform  epifcopal  funftions 44  for  them,  which  they  could  not  perform  themfelves  by  reafon  of  their  fecular  employ- 44  ments  •,  or  fome times  by  reafon  of  age  or  infirmities,  or  the  largenefs  of  thediocefe.  That “  thefe  fuffragans,  though  their  titles  were  foreign,  were  all  Englijhmen ,  you  may  be  fatis- 44  fied  from  their  names,  and  their  education  in  our  univerfities,  for  Wood  in  his  Athenae “  gives  us  an  account  of  feveral  fuch  bifhops  educated  at  Oxford ,  as  Thomas  JVoulf  epifcopus “  Lacedaemonenfis  \  of  whom  he  fpeaks,  vol.  I.  col.  555.  (m)  John  Hatton  bifhop  of  Nigro- 44  font ,  col.  560.  Richard  Wilfon ,  who  had  after  Hatton's  death  the  fame  title,  col.  561.  John 44  Tuung  bifhop  of  Callipolis ,  col.  567,  and  feveral  others:  I  could  give  you  a  catalogue  of  be- 44  tween  thirty  and  forty  fuch  fuffragans  all  Englifh  men  with  foreign  titles  whofe names  I  have “  met  with  in  Wood  and  other  authors.  But  tho’  our  archbifhops  and  bifhops  made  fuch  ufe 44  of  thefe  fuffragans,  Mr.  Wharton ,  in  his  letter  printed  at  the  end  of  Strype's  memorials  of 44  archbifhop  Cranmer ,  tells  us  that  they  treated  them  with  contempt  enough  ;  and  generally 44  made  them  dine  at  their  lleward’s  table,  feldom  admitting  them  to  their  own.  And  yet “  thefe  fuffragans  were  called  lords,  as  I  find  by  fome  letters  I  have  now  by  me  in  manu- “  fcript.  At  the  reformation  there  was  an  aft  made,  26  Henry  VIII.  appointing  towns  in “  England  for  the  titles  of  bifhops  fuffragan,  as  Dover,  Nottingham ,  Hull,  Colcbejler ,  Thet- “  ford,  Ipfwich,  &c.  to  the  number  of  twenty  fix.  And  there  have  been  feveral  fuffragans 14  fince  the  reformation  to  thefe  Englifh  titles.  Thus  in  the  year  1536.  Thomas  Mannyng 44  was  confecrated  bifhop  of  Ipfwich,  John  Salifbury  bifhop  of  Thetford ,  Thomas  Spark  bifhop “  of  Berwick  ;  and  divers  others  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  And  in  1552.  in  the  reign  of “  Edward  VI.  Robert  Purfeglove  was  confecrated  bilhop  of  Hull-,  and  in  1557,  the  begin- “  ning  of  queen  Elizabeth's  reign  Richard  Barnes  was  confecrated  bifhop  of  Nottingham , “  and  1592.  John  Sterne  was  confecrated  bifhop  of  Colchefer.  Since  which  time  I  have  not tc  met  with  a  confecration  of  a  bifhop  fuffragan.  There  never  was  any  fettled  maintenance 44  provided  for  thefe  fuffragans;  which  is  the  reafon,  I  fuppofe,  why  they  have  been  dropped, 44  though  any  bilhop  may  have  one  thatdefires  it.  And  if  a  bifhop  defires  a  fuffragan,  he, “  according  to  the  aft  of  Henry  VIII.  is  to  prefent  two  perfons  to  the  king,  who  chufes 44  one  of  them,  gives  him  the  title  of  one  of  the  towns  mentioned  in  the  aft,  and  orders  the “  confecration.  I  find  feveral  of  thefe  fuffragan  bifhops  have  been  raifed  to  be  diocefan, 44  and  fome  of  them  whilfl  they  have  continued  fuffragans  have  joined  in  the  confecration  of 44  diocefans.  John  Hodgefkin,  who  was  fuffragan  with  the  title  of  Bedford,  was  one  of  the 44  confecrators  of  archbifhop  Parker  and  of  no  lefs  than  fourteen  other  bifhops  in  feveral 44  reigns,  yet  was  never  more  than  a  fuffragan  himfelf.” courts.  The  archbifhop  of  Pork's  confiftorial  and  prerogative  courts  with  their  power  and  authori¬ ty  are  too  well  known  to  be  here  treated  on. Crefs bearing.  Many  contefts  happened  betwixt  the  two  metropolitans  of  England  about  bearing  their croffes  in  each  others  provinces.  Infomuch  that  our  archbifhop  many  times  direfted  his  let¬ ters  to  the  dean  and  chapter  to  inhibit  the  archbifhop  of  Canterbury  from  having  his  crofs born  before  him  in  the  diocefe  or  province  of  York.  Whereby  he  did  incline  the  people,  by his  benediftions  and  other  ways,  contrary  to  right.  The  royal  authority  ufed  frequently  to interpofe  in  this  debate,  as  the  copies  of  feveral  charters  publifhed  in  the  Foedcra  Ang.  do  te- ftify  ( n). On  the  20 th  of  April  1 353,  a  compofition  was  made,  by  the  king,  between  the  lord  Sy - men  archbifhop  of  Canterbury,  and  lord  John  archbifhop  of  York  ;  about  bearing  their croffes.  Whereby  the  archbifhop  of  York  for  peaceable  bearing  his  crofs  within  the  city, diocefe  or  province  of  Canterbury ,  was  bound  in  two  month’s  fpace  from  the  time  of  his  firlt entrance  into  that  province  to  fend  a  fpecial  melfenger,  who  mufl  be  either  his  official, chancellor,  auditor  of  caufes,  or  a  doftor  of  laws,  or  a  knight,  to  the  church  of  Canterbury, with  a  golden  image  to  the  value  of  forty  pounds  fieri ing  ;  engraven  with  the  limilitude  of an  archbifhop  bearing  a  crofs  in  his  hand.  Or  elfe  fome  other  remarkable  jewel  of  the  fame value  ;  which  was  to  be  offered  at  the  fhrine  of  St.  Thomas  the  martyr  ;  to  the  honour  and reverence  of  God  and  of  him  the  laid  martyr.  And  upon  the  faid  meffenger’s  entrance  in¬ to  the  minfter-yard  at  Canterbury ,  he  was  to  be  met  by  the  prior,  fub-prior,  or  at  leafl  by the  monk  who  is  cujlos  of  the  faid  fhrine,  by  whom  he  is  to  be  condufted  effeftually  to make  his  faid  publick  offering  (0). In  parliaments  and  other  councils  of  the  king,  when  thefe  two  archbifhops  are  prefent, the  archbifhop  o  f  Canterbury  ihall  fit  on  the  king’s  right,  and  the  archbifhop  of  York  on  his ( m)  Probably  the  fame  that  lies  buried  in  the  north ifle  of  the  choir,  No.  2.  Bcfides  this  there  are  many more  in  the  remitters  with  foreign  titles  as  Dromorenfis , Pharanenfis,  Phillopotenfis,  Crc. ( n )  Pro  archiepifcopo  Cant  .  piper  bajul.  crucis  infra  provin¬ cial  Ebor.  tefle  rege  apud  Ebor.  4.  die  Novcmbris  1522. Toed.  Ang-  tom.  III. p.  979,  &c. ( 0 )  I  find  a  protcibation  entered  in  Bovett's  regifter  re¬ lating  to  this  offering  in  thefe  words,  Kon  lirtute  alicujut ordinationis  feu  compoftionis  praetenfae  inter  aliquot  praede- ceffores fuos  Ebor.  archiepifeopot  et  Cant,  archiep.  factae,  fen fupra  aliqua  oblatione  imdpnis  vel  jocal.  lalor.  40I. Bowett  extra  dioec.  p.  1  3 . One  hundred  years  after  this  concordat  William  Bothe archbifhop  of  York  did  fend  fuch  an  oblation  by  the  hands of  a  knight.  Ang.  5V»c.  vol.  I.  p.  74,  75. left Chap.  III. of  the  CHURCH  e/YORK. J4i left  hand.  And  the  crofs  of  the  former  (hall  be  laid  on  the  right  fide  of  the  king’s  feat,  and  Stio/ Yobs. the  crofs  of  the  other  on  the  left  ;  if  Canterbury  be  then  prefent.  trMkpi. Moreover  in  councils,  conventions,  and  other  places,  in  which  thefe  archbilhops  happen to  meet,  the  archbifhop  of  Canterbury  (hall  have  the  chief  place  and  more  eminent  feat,  anti the  archbifhop  of  Turk  the  next.  The  crofs  bearers  of  thefe  two  archbifhops,  in  any  broad way  when  the  croffes  can  be  born  together,  ought  to  go  together  with  their  erodes  before their  refpeftive  archbifhops.  But  in  the  entrance  of  any  door,  or  any  ftrait  place,  the  crofs of  the  lord  archbifhop  of  Canterbury  (hall  precede;  and  the  crofs  of  the  archbifhop  of  Turk follow  after  (p). The  archbifhop  of  York  claims  by  the  grant  of  king  Atbelfian ,  and  the  confirmation  of other  kings,  foe,  fac,  toll,  tljcam,  a  market  every  Thurfday ,  aldze  of  bread  and  ale,  and  of weights  and  meafures.  The  amendalls  of  the  pillory,  tumbrill,  theef,  wherever  he  be  ta¬ ken,  illfangtticof  and  outfaitgtljeof,  judgment  of  iron  and  water,  gallows,  gibbet,  prifon, goal-delivery,  his  own  coroners,  goods  and  chattels  of  felons  and  fugitives,  chattels  owned by  fugitives,  wreck,  waife,  eftray,  merchett,  bloodwitt,  his  own  court,  cognizance  of  falfe judgment,  and  of  all  manner  of  pleas  wherefoever  moved  by  his  burgeffes  and  tenants.  To aft  in  all  precedes  as  the  juftices  of  the  king;  and  to  make  execution  by  his  bailiffs  ;  to  have pleas  of  frefh  force  ;  to  make  inquifitions  of  felonies  and  robberies  and  terminations  of  fhe- riffs ;  and  to  do  all  that  belongs  to  a  fheriff  by  his  bayliffs.  That  the  archbifhop  and  the tenants  of  his  fee,  wherever  they  refide,  be  free  and  quiet  from  fuits  of  affize,  county, wapontack,  trithing,  geld,  and  from  performances  to  the  king ;  and  from  foliage,  por¬ tage,  paflage,  pannage,  throughout  all  the  king’s  dominions.  That  he  hath  his  fair  twice in  the  year.  He  claims  to  plead  in  his  courts  by  his  own  juftices,  in  the  prefence  of  one  or two  of  the  juftices  of  the  king,  all  pleas  of  the  crown,  as  well  as  others  which  arife  within  his liberty King  Henry  II.  did  grant  and  confirm  that  neither  his  fteward,  nor  marfhal  of  his  houfe, nor  his  clerk  of  the  market,  nor  his  deputy  fliould  enter  within  the  bounds  of  the  liberty  of the  archbifhop  ( r). He  had  view  of  Frank-pledge,  pleas  of  Withernam,  return  of  writs  (s),  quittance  for lheriff’s  turns,  and  from  prefentments  at  the  hundreds  of  hue  and  cry,  levied  in  his  manors of  Southwell ,  Latham ,  Scrooby ,  Sutton ,  AJkam ,  and  in  the  members  of  thofe  which  are  in  his barony  of  Shireburn  ( t ). He  had  jura  regalia  within  the  liberty  of  (JcftolOcfljam,  or'ljjefliam,  and  the  levying  of  Hexham, tenths  and  fifteenths  there  by  his  own  miniftersfnj.  Hexhanf,  which  Bede  calls  Haitgijlald , was  the  RomanVx elodvnvm,  and  was  given  by  king  Egfrid,  in  the  year  675,  to  St.  Wil¬ frid,  in  order  to  ereft  an  epifcopal  fee  therein.  This  fee  continued  for  feven  fucceftive  bi- fhops,  till  the  Danijh  wars  put  an  end  to  that  hierarchy.  But  this  manor,  or  regality  as  it  is called,  continued  in  the  pofTeffton  of  the  archbifhops  of  York  for  many  a^es  after.  There  is a  provifo  made  in  the  ftatute,  27  Hen.  VIII.  cap.  24.  that  Edward archbiftiop  of  York  and  his fucceffors,  and  their  temporal  chancellors  of  the  (hire  and  liberty  of  Hexham,  alias  iOcvfoI- Dedjam,  for  the  time  being,  and  every  of  them  fhall  be  thenceforth  juftices  of  peace  within the  fhire  and  liberty  of  Hexham.  But  by  the  ftatute  of  14  Eliz.  cap.  13.  Hexham  and  Hex- bamjhire  are  made  and  declared  part  of  the  county  of  Northumberland  (x).  This  was  efteem- ed  a  temporal  barony  of  the  archbifhop  of  York  (y). The  archbilhop  of  York  had  a  market  and  a  fair  at  his  manor  of  Otley,  and  a  market  andF*rs  and  mar. a  fair  at  Shireburn.  A  market  and  a  fair  at  his  manor  of  Pattrington,  in  the  county  of  York.1""' A  fair  at  Southwell  in  the  county  of  Nottingham,  and  another  at  Hexham,  now  in  Northum¬ berland  (  z). He  had  his  prifons  and  juftices  in  the  towns  of  Ripon  and  Beverley,  with  other  great  liber¬ ties  there  (a). He  claimed  a  padiige  over  the  river  of  Hull  where  there  ufed  to  be  a  bridge  ( b ).  He  ufedHulI. to  have  his  port  and  prizage  of  wines  in  the  faid  river,  and  of  all  merchandizes  coming  thi¬ ther  as  the  king  had  clfewhere  (c). Amongft  the  pleas  of  guo  Warranto  held  at  York  before  John  de  Mettingham  and  his  com-  Beverley panions,  8  Edw.  I.  a  guo  Warranto  was  brought  againft  William  archbiftiop  of  York  to  know  RiP°”.  tW- by  what  warrant  he  claimed  to  have  gallows,  return  of  writs,  eftreats,  pleas  of  WHittltO Itaw,  and  his  proper  coroners  within  the  city  of  York  and  without ;  and  to  have  coroners  on each  fide  of  Hull,  and  to  take  prizes  in  that  river ;  to  have  the  affize  of  bread  and  beer,  and (p)  Vid.  regift.  Laur.  Bothe,  /.  77. (q)  Mon.  Ang.  vol.  III.  p.  1 32,  133,  &c.  MS.  fir  T.  W. (r)  Mon.  Ang.  vol.  III.  p. (s)  Concejf.  Edwardo  (Lee)  arebiep.  Ebor.  et  fuccejfor. quo, l  habeant  return,  brevium,  &c.  nec  non  omnimod.  fum- mon.  de  Seaccario,  2  pars  pat.  26  Hen.  VIII. (t)  Pat.  52  Hen.  III.  m.  7.  et  in  fchedula  pro  libertatibus ctnftrmandis  pat.  52  Hen.  III.  m.  32. (u)  Claufe  anno  13  Ed.  III.  p.z.m.  34. (x)  Ex  MS.  fir  T.  W. (y)  See  Rob.  Holgate’s  feal.  Recognitio  fervitii  prioris de  Hexham  domino  arebiepifeopo  Ebor.  regift,  de  la  Zouch, p.  300. (z)  Claufe  anno  11  Hen.  III.  m.  10. (a)  Pat.  7.  Ed.  IV.  p.i.m.  13. (  b )  Fi».  anno  17  Ed.  II.  m.  25. (c)  Chart,  pro  arebiepifeopo  Ebor.  de  prifts  vinorum  ad portttm  Kyngfton  fupra  Hull.  Foed.  Ang.  row.  IV.  p.  29 7. pat.  19  Ed. II.  p.  2.  m.  13.  anno  4Ed.UI.  77.41.  Petitio  in parliament,  apud  Weft,  pro  hae  libertate.  Et  elaufe  anno 1  Ed.  III.  p.  1 .  777. 1 1 .  et  pars  2.  m.  1 8.  in  tune  London. 6  Y broken JA1 See  «/  Yori Mints. Queen-hall, Oxon. Talaces. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookII. ■  broken  wreck  of  the  feaand  waif  at  Patrirjgton,  to  have  free  warren,  and  his  land  quit  from fuit,  in  Wilton ,  Beverley  and  Burton  and  elfewhere  in  his  lands  in  that  county  i  to  have  a  park and  free  warren,  and  to  have  his  lands  quit  from  fuit  at  Beverley ,  Burton ,  Wilton ,  Ripon, Otley ,  Schireburne,  and  Thorp ,  and  to  have  a  park  and  free  warren  at  Cawood.  To  which the  archbifhop  anfwered,  that,  as  to  the  gallows,  he  claimed  them,  without  York ,  in  his baronies  of  Schirebunje ,  Wilton ,  Patrington ,  Otley ,  Beverley ,  and  Rip  on,  by  this  warrant that  king  Atbelftane_  gave  the  faid  manors  to  the  archbifhop  of  York  and  his  fucceflbrs  before the  con  quell  •,  from  which  time  all  the  archbilhops  of  York  had  enjoyed  the  faid  liberties. That  afterwards  king  Henry  I.  the  fon  of  the  conqueror,  did,  amongft  divers  other  liberties, grant  to  the  archbifhop  infangtljcof  in  the  aforefaid  lands,  by  his  charter,  which  he  pro¬ duced  in  court.  He  faid  further,  that  he  claimed  return  of  writs  and  pleas  of  ©HUtljernani in  Beverley  and  Ripon  with  their  members  •,  and  the  taking  of  eflreats  by  the  hands  of  the fheriffs  for  the  levying  of  the  king’s  debts  upon  thofe  perfons  who  had  nothing  without  his liberties  ;  and  this  they  have  ufed  time  out  of  mind.  As  to  coroners  within  the  city  of  York he  faid  he  claimed  none. The  fame  Quo  Warranto  (e)  urged  him  to  Ihew  caufe  why  he  claimed  to  have  two  mints  for coining  of  money  within  the  city  of  York  without  the  king’s  licence.  To  which  the  arch¬ bifhop  pleaded  that  he  and  his  predeceffors  had  been  in  feifin  of  thefe  two  mints  time  out  of mind.  And  further  faid  that  in  the  time  of  king  Henry ,  fon  to  the  conqueror,  one  Odo, fheriff  of  Yorkjhire ,  did  hinder  Gerard  then  archbifhop  of  York  from  holding  pleas  and  giving judgment  in  his  court  de  Monetariis.  The  bifhop  complained  to  the  king,  and  fhewed  his feifin  and  the  right  of  the  church  of  St.  Peter-,  whereupon  the  king  did  fend  his  letters  pa¬ tents  to  the  fheriff,  the  effedl  of  which  was  to  will  and  command  him  that  Gerard  archbifhop, in  the  lands  of  his  archbifhoprick  fhould  have  pleas  in  his  court  de  monetariis  fuis,  of  thiefs, and  of  all  others,  as  Yhomas  archbifhop  had  in  the  time  of  his  father  or  brother.  And  that he  fhould  execute  the  kings  new  (latutes  of  judgments  or  pleas  of  thieves  and  falfe  coiners, and  that  he  may  do  this  at  his  own  proper  inftance,  in  his  own  court ;  and  that  neither  he, nor  the  church,  fhall  lofe  any  thing  by  our  new  ftatutes,  but  let  him  do  in  his  own  courts by  his  own  inftance  according  to  our  llatutes.  Tefie  R.  Cejtrien.  epifcopo  apud  Winton.  And the  bifhop  faid,  that  he  and  his  predecelfors  had  always  had  the  fame  mints  as  he  claimed them.  Upon  this  iffue  was  joined,  and  the  jury  found  for  the  bifhop,  and  judgment  given that  the  bifhop  fhould  be  without  day.  But  of  this  more  in  another  place. In  the  reign  of  king  HenryY .  Henry ,  then  archbifhop  of  York  made  a  petition  to  the  king,  who with  confent  of  parliament  confirmed  to  him  all  the  liberties  of  his  church  with  this  claufe, licet  -,  and  further  grants  and  confirms  to  him  that  he  and  his  officers  may  hold  the  fheriff’? turn  within  the  towns  of  Beverley  and  Ripon  j  and  there  bear  and  determine  and  punifh  all manner  of  felonies,  as  juftices  of  the  peace,  notwithftanding  any  liberties  granted  to  the town  of  Beverley  to  the  contrary  ;•  all  which  are  therein  repealed  (d). The  archbifhop  of  York  did  exercife  jurifdidlion,  as  a  vifitor,  in  the  college  called  Queen- ball  in  Oxon ,  as  feveral  teftimonies  both  in  the  Foedera  and  the  regifters  do  witnefs.  Pat. 1 2  Hen.  I  V.  m.  19. In  fine  he  had  a  molt  ample  charter  and  confirmation  of  all  his  charters,  liberties,  privi¬ leges  and  gifts-,  as  appears  pat.  an.  20  Hen.  VI.  p.  4.  m.  11.  but  they  are  too  large  for  anv further  difquifition. There  were  feveral  palaces  anciently  belonging  to  the  fee  of  York ,  of  which  only  that  at Bi/boplborp  is  now  Handing-,  habitable,  or  in  their  poffeftion.  In  the  clofe  of  the  cathedral at  York  flood  once  a  very  magnificent  palace  built  by  Thomas  the  firft  archbifhop  of  that name.  Five  hundred  years  after,  the  great  hall  of  this  palace  was  fcandaloufiy  ftripped  of its  leaden  covering  by  another  prelate,  and  the  remains  and  ruins  of  the  whole  are  now leafed  out  from  the  fee.  There  was  anciently  a  palace  at  Scbireburn,  in  Elmet,  belonging  to the  archbifhop  of  York  no  manner  of  remains  do  now  appear  of  it,  nor  any  traditional  ac¬ count  there  except  a  piece  of  ground  on  the  eaft  fide  the  church  which  is  now  called ^albgartf).  J  fuppofe  this  was  deferted  on  their  building  a  palace  in  a  place  of  greater  fe- curity,  though  in  a  much  worfe  fituation,  at  Cawood.  This  palace  continued  to  be  the  refi- dence  of  our  archbilhops  until  the  time  of  the  civil  wars  when  it  was  demolifhed  and  has ever  fince  laid  in  ruins.  The  fite  of  which  ruins  I  give  the  following  draught  of,  in  order to  perpetuate  the  memory  of  the  feveral  founders  and  repairers  of  this  once  great  manfion  of hofpitality.  They  had  likewife  a  palace  at  Ripon  and  Beverley ,  another  at  Otley ,  in  this county ;  at  Southwell  in  Nottingham/hire,  White-hall ,  and  York-Place  in  London ,  and  at  Bat- terfea  in  the  county  of  Surry ,  a  place  there  now  called  alfo  f^ojfcplacc,  ftill  denoting  its fite  ;  all  which  are  no\y  demolifhed,  and  alienated  from  the  fee. (  d )  Rot.  parliament,  anno  3  Hen.  V.  n.  48.  Tune  Lon¬ don. ( e )  The  affair  of  this  Quo  tVananto  is  copied  from  fir T.  IV.  who  had  it  from  an  Infpeximus  3  Hen.  V.  n.  1  5.  in which  he  fays  many  other  liberties  of  the  church  of  York arc  mentioned.  But,  he  adds,  that  the  original  record ©Fthe  eighth  of  Edw.  I.  is  in  the  cuftody  of  the  cham¬ berlains  of  the  exchequer,  marked  thus.  J.  de  vallibus placita  dejuratis  et  ajjizis,  &c.  Quo  Wanar.to  J .  de  Valli- bus ,  rot.  9. There  are  many  grants  and  charters  relating  to  the archbifhop’s  mints  in  this  city  in  the  Foedera  i  fome  of which  the  reader  may  find  in  thefe  pages,  tom.V.  />.  755. tom.Vll.  p.^-j,  178.  And  regift.  tVickwain,  p. 41. In S  E  E  of  Y  O  R Revenues . 544  7he  HISTORY  ANTIQUITIES  BookII. In  the  account  relating  to  the  revenues,  belonging  to  the  fee  of  2'ork ,  the  compafs  of my  defign  will  not  allow  me  to  be  as  particular  as  Mr.  'Torre  has  been.  Who  has  traced them  through  all  the  donations,  he  could  find,  to  the  church  ;  as  well  as  demiles  and  leafes from  it.  I  fhall  therefore  run  fuccindtly  through  the  whole,  and  refer  the  more  curious  to the  manufeript  itfelf  for  further  enquiry.  Terra  arebiepifeopi ,  in  libro  OoomfDap,  may  be feen  in  the  addenda. In  the  time  of  the  Heptarchy,  when  the  Northumbrian  princes  were  converted  to  the chrijlian  faith,  they  bellowed  very  confiderable  revenues  on  this  church  ot  York.  Amonglt which  none  remains  now  upon  record  more  famous  than  Ulphus  the  fon  of  Toraldus ,  a Saxon  prince,  who  is  laid  to  have  lived  in  the  weft  part  of  Deira  ( / ).  This  prince  finding difienfions  to  arile  amongft  his  Tons  about  the  divifion  of  his  lands,  refolved  to  make  them all  equal.  And  coming  to  York  he  kneeled  down  before  the  altar  of  God  and  St.  Peter , and  by  the  ceremony  of  drinking  wine  out  of  his  horn,  thereby  made  over  to  the  church all  his  lands  and  figniories  ( g ). This  horn,  as  well  as  the  donor,  has  been  held  in  high  veneration  by  the  fuccefllve dig¬ nitaries  of  the  church  •,  as  appears  by  the  figure  of  it  cut  in  ftone  in  two  feveral  places  of the  fabrick.  And  by  the  arms  put  up  in  honour  of  the  prince,  which,  in  a  window,  are thus  blazoned,  vert ,  fix  lions  rampant  or. It  appears  by  feveral  antient  furveys  taken  of  the  church  lands  and  mentioned  in  the monajlicon  and  our  records,  that  a  great  deal  of  the  poflefiions  gained  by  this  donation  lay in  the  city  and  fuburbs  of  York.  Which  are  ftyled  Dc  terra  cUlplji.  In  the  efeheat  rolls  of 13  Edward  I.  remaining  in  the  exchequer,  the  lands  in  thele  townlhips  following  are  put down  as  held  of  the  fee  of  Ulpbus. licfcoltljo^p,  three  carucates  of  land,  fince  held  by  the  knights  templars  of  the  church of  St.  Peter. #cU)balD,  twenty  eight  carucates  of  land,  now  a  prebend. <2?00tmuint)Ijam,  four  carucates  of  land  now  belonging  to  the  prebend  of  Fridaytborp. ISamcbp,  the  whole  town  intirely,  with  the  fourth  part  of  the  parifh  of  pokeltngtotT> the  firil  belonging  to  the  prebend  thereof-,  and  the  latter  to  the  dean  and  chapter. Spilltllgtoit  and  BenelDale,  three  carucates  of  land,  now  belonging  to  the  prebend  of Gtvendale. 'aifccftljojpc,  two  bowates  of  land,  with  the  heir  of  Robert  ^tibefott,  held  of  the  fee of  Ulphus  (h). The  next  very  antient  and  confiderable  benefa&or  to  the  church  of  York  was  Atheljlan , king  of  England  who  granted  to  it  the  following  large  pofiefiions, Biiliop  Wilton  3i5ifl)Op  IKUlltOH,  the  manor  of  which  was  given  by  the  faid  king,  with  three  carucates of  land  there,  to  the  archbifhop  of  York  and  his  fuccefiors.  Part  of  which  belongs  now  to the  prebend  of  Wilton,  as  part  did  to  the  treafury  of  York.  Yet  the  archbifhop  hath  ftill in  this  lordfhip  of  Wilton,  two  fheep  paftures  which  Edward  archbifhop  of  York  demifed unto  Geoffrey  Lee ,  efq;  his  brother  and  one  Creyke  for  the  term  of  forty  years,  at  the  rent of  feventeen  pound  fifteen  fhillings  ( i ). ^gcmuilbcnicllc,  in  com.  Lane,  was  given  by  king  Athelffan  to  God,  St.  Peter ,  and  the church  of  York  in  the  prelacy  of  archbifhop  Wolff  an.  This  place  was  held  in  the  con¬ queror’s  time  by  Roger  de  Poiftiers ,  and  given  to  Theobald  Walter  by  Richard  II.  anceftor to  the  Butlers  of  Ireland  (k). The  manor  of  ^Ijtreburnc,  in  com .  Ebor.  was  alfo  given  by  king  Athelffan  to  the  arch- fhop  of  2~ork  and  his  fuccefiors ;  who  made  it  one  of  their  principal  feats  in  after  times. Edward  archbifhop  of  York ,  thirtieth  Henry  VIII.  demifed  this  manor  unto  Anthony  Ham¬ mond  of  Scardingwell  for  the  term  of  thirty  years  at  twenty  five  pound  per  annum  rent  (Iff King  Alhelffane  gave  likewife  to  the  archbifhop  of  York  and  his  fuccefiors  the  manor of  Bcbcrlae,  com.  Ebor.  where  they  fometimes  refided.  This  was  held  by  them  until Edward  Lee ,  the  thirty  fifth  of  Henry  VIII.  granted  it  to  the  king,  his  heirs  and  fuc- cefiors  ,  excepting  the  advowfon  of  provoftfhip  and  prebendaries  thereof.  But  thefe were  likewife  given  up  to  that  king  fome  time  after  in  exchange  for  lome  lands  of  the crown. The  manor  of  Ivippotl  was  alfo  by  the  faid  king  Athelffan  given  to  the  fee  of  York  for ever.  But I11  the  time  of  Henry  VIII.  and  his  immediate  fuccefiors,  this  manor  was  demifed  and parcelled  out  to  divers  perfons,  by  the  archbifhops  of  thofe  times  j  the  particulars  where¬ of  may  be  leen  £t  large  in  Mr.  Torre's  manuferipts  ( m). In  the  year  of  our  lord  958,  the  lordfhip  of  *©titl)U)cll,  in  com.  Not.  was  given  by  Ed- wy ,  king  ot  Egland ,  to  Ofcbitell  then  archbifhop  of  York,  and  his  fuccefiors  for  ever. It  continued  in  the  polfefiion  of  this  fee  untill  the  thirty  fifth  of  Henry  VIII,  when Edward  archbilhop  granted  his  capital  manlion  or  meffuage  in  Southwell ,  and  alfo  hi3 ICckolthorp. Newbald. Goodmund- ham. Barncby. Pocklington. Millington Beneldaie. Alvefthorpe. Agmonder- nei's. Beveiley. Ripon. (/)  By  the  eftates  bclcw  he  mull  have  lived  very near  York ;  and  probably  at  AlJby. (g)  Cninb.  But. (h)  Torre  f.  3  ,9. (i)  Ibid.  p.  3yo.  29,  30  Hen.W III. (k)  Mon.  Ang.  vol.  III.  p.  129.  Cum.  Brit.  752. (/)  Torre  p.  us  fupm. (m)  Idem  p.  351,  *d  355 lordfhip Chap.  III. of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK. ^  ’  5'4T lord/hip  and  manor  thereof  unto  king  Henry  VIII,  his  heirs  and  fucceffors  for  eVer  SomeS„  of  y„rk parrot  this  manor  was  given  back  to  the  lie  by  queen  Mary,  which  was  again  demited*™™,.  ’ by  feveral  fucceeding  archbithops,  though  ftill  a  referved  annual  rent  is  paid  out  of  it  to th  efeefwj. In  the  year  io33  king  fete  gave  to  Alfric,  archbilhop  of  this  tee,  for  the  redemption of  hit l  foul  forty  three  caffk.tes  of  land  in  ]3attmgtotl,  to  hold  the  fame  in  perpetual  inhe- Pwington r't,an6e-  £dw“ri'  narchb'ftoP  oi  York ,  the  thirty  fourth  of  Henry  VIII  demited  unto Edward  Nevtll  of  Pairoff*,  gent,  for  the  term  of  forty  years,  the  lands  therein  fpecified at  the  rent  of  feven  pound  three  (hillings  and  eight  pence  per  annum  (o) Thefe  are  forae  of  the  moft  antient  polTeffions  belonging  to  the  fee  of  York  ;  there  were feveral  others  bellowed  on  it,  by  the  Conqueror  and  his  fucceffors,  all  fpecified  in  Mr  Torre with  their  particular  dem.fes  from  it.  It  would  be  too  tedious  to  copy  that  indefatigable  au¬ thor  exactly,  and  alk  a  volume  fooner  than  a  chapter.  The  following  tables  will  prefent  the reader  at  one  view  with  a  lift  of  the.  manors  that  were  granted  from  the  fee  to  king  Hen- 7  mm,  lle«of/;1lv.crs.impropriations,  (Sc.  which  were  then  fallen  into  his  hands  from the  difiblved  monafter.es  ,n  thefe  parts:  and  to  conclude  this  head  I  fhall  alfo  fubjoin  a rental  ol  the  poffeffiqns,  or  referved  rents,  from  the  feveral  leafes  demited  or  granted  out at  different  times  fince  the  Reformation ,  taken  from  the  aforefaid  authority. (t)  A  CATALOGUE  of  thofe  Manors,  (Sc.  which  were  granted  to  kingUtmu  VIII  his heirs  and  fucceffors  for  enter  by  the  archbijhop  of  York,  (Sc.  as  by  indenture  bearing  date February  6,  36  Hen.  VIII.  and  confirmed  by  atl  ofi  parliament,  37  Hen.  VIII.  chap  16. doth  plainly  appear.  r Counties.  Manors.  Counties. Newby. Nottingham.  Norlhby. Newland. North fokc,  Nottinghamfhire . Ninibinrofs. Norton. Odington. Penicrofte. Patrington ,  Ebor. Rippon. Ripponholm. Renton. Gloucefierjhire:  Ravenejkeld. Sharrow  juxta  Ripon . Stanley  juxta  Ripon. Sherburn  in  Elmet. Skipton. Scroby,  NottinghamfiAre. Sutton ,  Ebor. Shardington. Thorpe  prope  Ripon. Thornton. Tharethorpe. Topclyffe. Threjke. Upleathome. Whit  ecly fife. tV etwang. Wilton. Wilton  epifeop. Waplowe. Walle ,  Lincolnjhire. Wefcalland : Widcoinbc. Manors AJcenby. AJkam , Ayton. Atome. Bijhopfide. Bijhop-places. ColefakeJJAll. Cafiledike. Catton. Crakhall. Cercleton. Cadden. Churchdowne , Cerney. Compton. Dalton. Difford. Erington. Efclawant, Fifmake. Gryngton , Gloughton. Grifchwayle. Gloucefier. Halgarth. Hexam, Halidon. Huckilcote. Kepwicke. Keneldga. Milford. Majke. Monketon  prope  Ripon Netherdale. Northumberland. Northumberland. («)  vide  Torre  p.  355,  Qc. (0)  I(lem  p.  358.  Mon.  Ang.  vol.  III.  p.  130. (/>)  Torre  394.  This  inftrument  of  a  monftrous  length being  contained  in  no  lefs  than  fifteen  membranes  of parchment,  is  inrolled  in  the  chapel  of  the  Rolls,  and  has this  remarkable  preamble,  inhentute  tnahe  tty hap  of  ^Febjuarp  m  the  fpjte  anh  thpttpe pcrc  of  the  repne  of  tljc  moft  excellent  anh  hptto= ?Vons  p?incc  out  natural  fobarctgn  liege  lo;h- Henry  the  cpght  bp  tljc  grace  of  (0oh  Hlng  of  Eng¬ land,  anh  of  France  anh  Irland,  hefenhour  of  the faith,  anh  of  the  churchc  of  England  anh  of  Irland, in  erth  the  fupreme  hedde  bcttoccn  tl;c  fame  out  fos foreign  lothe  of  thone  pattie,  anh  the  reberenh father  in  d£>oh  Robert  archcbusfhoppe  of  York  on t'other  partic  toitnefflt&c,  that  the  fath  arcljbuf-- ihoppe  hath  bargapneh  anh  folh,  anh  b.>  thefe  p?c-- fent  mhcnturco  foj  hvm  anh  l;to  fucceffors  hot!) fullp  anh  clerelp  gibe,  grant,  bargapne  anh  fell all  thofe  his  lojhflnps  anh  manors  of  Hexham, Gryngton,  &c.  fealed  interchangeably  by  the  king  and the  archbilhop ;  who  on  the  2 d  of  April  came  before the  king  in  chancery  at  IVeftminfler  and  confirmed  the fame.  The  fame  day  ratified  by  the  dean  and  chapter of  York.  Clauf.  36  Hen.  VIII.  pars  5 .n.  38. 6  Z A  LIST H'5 See  c/York. Revenues. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. A  LIS  7“  of  the  feveral  impropriations,  &V.  fettled  on  the  fee  of  York,  by  the  charter  of kiny  Henry  VIII.  hearing  date  at  Weftminfter,  anno  regni  38,  in  exchange  for  other  an- tient  lands  of  that  fee. The  churches  of, Gifburn. Ormejby. EJlon. Marton. Kirk-Levington. Stainton. Sherejfe  Hot  on. Holon  fupra  Derwent. Hoton  juxta  Gyfburn. Threfke. Brafferton. Tburkilby. Haxey  y and  in  the  iflc. Oufton\  ^ Rowflon. Felkirk. Tarum. The  churches  of, rSuton  in  Galtres. Darrington. Doncajler. N.  Popleton. Agnes  Burton. Whitby. Malton. Wijlow. Cramborne. '  Hinderfkelf. Nafferton. Skypfe. Efington. N.  Feriby. Lyeth. Molefly. Knapton. .  Kayngham. Lands  in  Lajlingham. The  patronage  of  thefe  following  benefices  were  alfo  granted  to  the  archbilhop  of  York by  way  of  the  aforefaid  exchange. Ackworth. \  Rowley. The  parfonages  of  gBeeford. JStokeJley. C  Skrayngham. f  Leeds. The  vicaridges  of  "S  Hemefey. k  Doncajler. The  parfonages C  Eton. cjKirkby  in  Cleveland. °  1  Barton  in  &bis [  Leek. The  chantry  of  Topclff. ( p)  A  fummary  of  all  the  rents  lelonging  to  the  anbhijhoprick  of l.  s.  d. Bifhop  Wilton  -  — - *7 15 00 Whenby  * - Rippon  - - 143 04 08 Bijhopthorp  03  17  00 Suthwell  - - - 40 06 07  y Bijhop  Lathes  13  06  08 Patrmgton  - - 07 03 08 Fork,  for  Nunnfelds Cawood  - — — 70 13 04 London  rents Kynatton  - - 12 00 00 Angram  grange Lanum  - 17 16 08 Felkirk  - Scroby  - • 32 14 08 Lajlingham  - - Plumtree - - 12 12 00 Tarum  - Everton  - 04 06 os Gifburn  ■  — AJkham  - - - 12 06 08 Skelton  - Ottrington  - 16 13 04 Ormefby  and  EJlon Sutton  upon  Lound 22 00 00 Kirklevington  - - Thorpe  in  le  Willoughs !7 13 04 Marton  in  Clyveland Bijhop  Burton 20 10 00 Marton  priory  - Ottley  _ _ — 3* 17 11 Sutton  in  Galtres Cerney  05  13  04 Stayneton  - The  Mar  rays  - 59 06 08 Sheriff  Hutton Batterfey  - 29 04 11 Hutton  fup.  Derwent Kingjlon  fup.  Hull 10 00 00 Hutton  juxta  Gyfburn Halydyn  07  13  04 Threfke  « - - Hexgrave  - 06 13 04 Brafferton  - - H of  elf  or d-  Ferry 01 10 04 Tburkilby  - - Kilburn  - 18 10 00 Rowflon  ■ — - — • Wetwang  - 10 00 00 Darrington  -■  ■— Wbilclyjfe  - 1 1 06 08 Doncajler  - - York. 1.  •  d.  d. 16  13  04 14 18 10 13 06 08 7S 17 08 14 06 08 12 13 04 30 00 00 18 00 00 26 13 04 i9 06 08 08 00 00 50 00 00 30 *5 04 50 00 00 49 13 04 09 16 00 04 13 04 20 00 00 15 08 00 06 13 04 47 16 08 10 00 00 36 13 04 (f>)  Torre  p.  430.  For  an  antient  account  of  the  rents  king’s  hands,  fee  Maddox' s  excheq.  p.  211.  b. and  reburfments  of  this  fee,  whilft  it  remained  in  the Nether Chap.  III. of  the CHURCH  of  YORK. 547 l. s.  d. l. S. d.  Seeo/Yoric, Nether  Poppleton 08 00  00 Eafmgton  - 43 IO 0g  Revenues , Burton  Agnes 3° 00  00 Lyeth  - 59 OO OO Whitby  - • 50 00  00 Molfeby  Pr.  - - 12 15 OO Malton  - 16 00  00 Knapton  - - - 02 OO OO Wiflowe  - *3 1 6  10 Kayingham  - 14 15 04 Crambe  - 08 01  02 Marfom  - OI 06 08 Hinderjkclf - 01 13  04 N.  Feriby Haney  and  Owefion  rent  corn. NafferUn ,  rent  corn Skypfe,  rent  corn. The  archbilhop  of  York  has  ufed  to  pay  to  the  pope  ten  thoufand  ducats  for  his  confir¬ mation. Befides  for  the  pall  fifty  thoufand  ducats  (r). Peter  pence  of  the  whole  diocefe  was  io  I.  tor.  (sj. The  fcutage  of  the  archbilhoprick  of  York  was  various,  I  find  this  impofition  for  the  .. redemption  of  king  Richard  1.  for  the  archbifhop’s  knights  fees  was  twenty  pound  . (t)  By  another  Tentage  that  his  knights  might  be  excufed  from  attendance  on  the  ki  :  1 to  Ireland ,  the  archbilhop  made  account  to  the  king’s  treafury  of  the  like  fum  (u).  In another  ftatagC  for  his  batons  of  CEWcrUatcfelVlirc,  as  it  is  there  termed,  to  excufe  going  in¬ to  Wales  he  paid  alfo  twenty  pounds  ( x ).  But  for  the  firft  Tentage,  affelted  at  two  marks, after  the  firft  coronation  of  king  John ,  the  archbilhop  of  York  paid  for  his  Ihare  forty- marks,  et  quietus  eji  ( y ). The  valuation  of  this  archbilhoprick  in  the  king’s  books  is  now  1610/. The  arms  of  the  fee  of  York  were  antiently,  azure,  a  ftaffin  pale  or,  furmounted  by  a pall  argent,  fringed  as  the  fecond,  charged  with  five  erodes  pattee  fitched  fable,  in  chief another  fuch  a  crofs  or. Thefe  arms,  the  lame  with  the  fee  of  Canterbury ,  are  impaled  with  the  arms  of  Boweti, Rather  am  and  Savage  in  the  windows  of  the  cathedral ;  but  it  has  fince  been  changed  for this  bearing  ;  Gules ,  two  keys  in  faltire  argent,  in  chief  a  crown  imperial  or  (z),  andfomc- times  a  mitre. The  ecclefiaftical  eftate  of  this  church,  befides  the  archbilhop,  confuted  alfo  of  a  cer-DE*s«»^ tain  number  of  canons  fecular,  over  whom  he  prefided.  Thefe  were  a  body  politick  by  Chapter, prefeription,  had  a  common  refeftory  and  dormitory,  like  canons  regular  in  other  places, and  lived  upon  the  profits  and  revenues  of  the  church;  enjoyed  by  them  in  common. They  were  antiently  but  feven  in  number,  and  performed  the  divine  offices  of  the church  and  altar  ;  for  which  refpeft  they  had  peculiar  privileges  and  revenues  conferred  up¬ on  them,  in  the  name  of  the  church,  and  of  the  canons  therein  ferving  God.  The  molt antient  charters  of  pious  donations  to  them  ufually  run  in  thefe  words,  Deo  el  ecclef.  S.  Pe¬ tri  Ebor.  et  canonicis  in  eadern  Deo  fervientibus  (a). In  the  time  of  the  Danijh  wars,  and  at  the  Norman  conqueft,  which  made  great  devafta- tions  in  thefe  northern  parts,  thefe  canons  were  fellow  fufferers  in  that  great  calamity,  and were  molt  of  them  difperfed  into  foreign  parts.  Infomuch  that  there  were  but  three  of them  left  when  Thomas  the  firft  was  preferred  to  this  fee.  This  prelate  recalled  the  ba- nillied  canons,  and  added  others  to  their  number ;  rebuilt  them  the  hall  which  his  pre- deceffor  archbilhop  Aldred,  had  founded  for  their  refeftory,  as  alfo  a  dortor  for  them  to  lodge in  ;  and  befides  conftituted  one  of  them  a  provoft  to  govern  the  reft. In  this  Hate  the  church  of  York  continued  fome  time,  till  at  laft  the  fame  prelate  thought  rnkmis. good  to  divide  the  lands  of  St.  Peter  into  prebends,  by  allotting  unto  each  canon  a  parti¬ cular  portion.  From  whence  they  ceafed  to  live  in  common,  upon  the  joint  revenues  of the  church,  at  one  table.  At  the  fame  time,  for  the  better  governing  of  the  church  he inftituted  a  dean,  treafurer  and  chanter  to  prefide  and  rule  over  it  (b). King  Henry  I.  granted  the  firft  charter  to  the  church  of  York-,  I  fpeak  fince  the  Nor- man  conqueft,  for  all  charters  both  to  the  city  and  church,  before  that  period,  were  burnt in  the  general  conflagration  which  happened  at  that  time.  This  charter  of  Henry  I.  is  not extant,  at  Ieaft  it  is  not  to  be  met  with,  nor  doth  it  appear  but  by  an  infpeximus  of  later times  (c ). King  Henry  II.  grants  and  confirms  all  their  former  liberties  and  privileges  granted  un¬ to  them  by  leveral  antient  kings  and  archbifhops  j  and  particularly  mentions  thole  by  king Edward  the  confefior  and  archbilhop  Alfred. (r)  Goodwin  tie  praefulibus  p.  626. (i)  Torre  ex  reg.  Laur.  Bothc  arebp.  p.  f. (/)  Rot.  Pipe  6  Ric.  I.  Mad.  excheq.  p.  41  r. («)  Idem.  p.  438. (*)  Idem  p.  441.  38  Hen.  II. (y)  Rot.  Pipe  1  Job. (z)  The  crown  was  given  to  it  as  being  once  an  im¬ perial  city.  Maximilian  II.  honoured  the  arms  of  the city  of  Roterdam  with  the  fame  crown.  The  kings  of Spain  have  alfo  given  one  to  the  arms  of  the  cities  of Madrid,  Toledo,  Burgos,  &c. (a)  Torre  p.487. (£)  See  the  life  of  archbilhop  Thomas  I. (c)  Sir  T.  IV.  perhaps  this  charter  might  be  deftroyed in  the  fecond  dreadful  fire  which  happened  in  this  ci¬ ty.  temp,  reg,  Steph. 2 The Book  II. 548 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES T>e  a  n  and Chapter. Charter. Arrefls. Offences. Not  to  contri¬ bute  to  the  arch-  l bifhop  when fined. Liberties  in their  lands. Their  tenants where  tried. The  extract  of  this  extraordinary  charter  of  liberties  is  as  follows, Firlc,  that  if  any  criminal  or  perlon  convidt  be  apprehended  or  arretted  within  the  church porch  (d),  the  perfon  that  takes  him  lhall  make  amends  by  the  univerfal  judgment  of the  hundred,  who  lhall  give  damage  for  the  fame.  But  if  he  take  him  within  the  church then  he  lhall  be  judged  by  twelve  hundredors.  If  within  the  city  of  Tork,  then  by  eigh¬ teen  of  the  hundred  who  lhall  caufe  amends  to  be  made  accordingly. But  if  any  be  fo  defperately  wicked  and  audacious,  as  to  prefume  to  take  any  perfon  from the  fandtuary  called  jfrfottoU,  that  is  the  Hone  chair  of  peace  and  quiecnefs  placed  againft the  altar;  for  that  heinous  facrilege  there  lhall  no  jury  pafs,  nor  pecuniary  muldt  be laid  upon  him,  but  he  lhall  be  accounted  IBotclej,  that  is  without  capacity  of  makino-  a- mends  or  reparation.  The  damages  or  amerciaments  thus  impofed  lhall  all  accrue  to  the canons  folely,  and  none  of  them  to  the  archbifhop. 2.  If  any  perfon  commit  an  offence  to  another  in  the  church,  church-yard,  in  the  ca¬ nons  houfes,  or  upon  their  lands  ;  or  if  the  canons  amongft  themfelves  injure  one  another or  any  other  perfon,  or  another  perfon  wrong  them,  for  iuch  a  fault  no  forfeiture  lhall  be made  to  the  archbifhop,  but  to  the  canons  only. 3.  Thefe  canons  lhall  be  called  the  canons  of  &t.  |Bctcr  m  fc)trD,  that  is,  of  his  do- meffick  family  ;  and  the  lands  of  the  canons  lhall  be  called  the  lanDS  of  jst  Betcc’s  otoll tabic. 4.  The  archbifhop  lhall  exercife  no  other  jurifejittion  over  the  canons  than  this,  that upon  the  death  of  a  canon  he  lhall  collate  another  to  his  benefice. 5.  If  the  archbifhop  happen  to  commit  any  offence  againft  the  fee  apoftolick,  or  the king,  which  requires  a  pecuniary  muldt  or  reparation,  in  fuch  a  cafe  the  canons  lhall  not be  liable  to  contribute  any  thing  towards  it,  but  what  they  pleafe  to  do  out  of  their  own good  wills. 6.  The  canons  lhall  enjoy  all  their  houfes  and  lands  with  the  privileges  of  g>ac JEolI  and  setjeam,  Sntoll,  2Dut=toll  and  3nfailSEntf)E0f.  Alfo  all  tbofe  honours  and’cufto- mary  liberties  which  belong  to  them  as  well  as  thole  the  king  doth  which  he  hath  in  his hands,  or  which  the  archbilhop,  holding  of  God  and  the  king,  hath  in  his. 7.  No  tenant  holding  land  of  the  canons  of  St.  Peter  (hall  do  fait  or  be  impleaded  in  the courts  of  the®ca|)mitaci),  Erioingmot,  or  ^tljlttrittof;  but  the  plaintiff  and  defendant (hall  be  tried  and  jollified  before  the  door  of  St.  Peter’s  monaflery. S.  If  any  canon  be  pleading  in  court  in  his  own  caufe  upon  a  fignal  given,  or  the  toll of  the  bell,  he  may  leave  off,  and  at  canonical  hours  return  to  his  devotions.  Which  is more  than  the  archbifhop  himlelf  can  do,  becaufe  he  may  proceed  in  the  caufe  by  his  Re¬ wards,  knights  and  officers. 9-  If  any  perfon  do  hereafter  give  or  fell  land  to  St.  Peter,  none  lhall  thenceforth  claim march  obtained.  therein  the  privilege  of  £>ac,  Soil  and  fffjcant.  But  the  canons  themfelves  (hall  have therein  the  fame  privileges  as  in  the  other  lands  of  St.  Peter. To  fir, l  one  fol-  ro.  When  the  king  fhall  raife  an  army,  the  canons  lhall  for  their  lands  fet  forth  one immthekmgs  mani  who  (hall  carry  the  banner  of  St.  Peter ;  and  be  captain  and  enfign  to  the  burgeffes of  the  city,  if  they  go  to  war ;  but  in  cafe  they  do  not,  then  the  canons  man  lhall  be  ex- cufed. 11.  No  perfon  belonging  to  the  king’s  courts  or  his  armies  lhall  have  free  lodging  or quarters  in  the  canons  houfes,  whether  they  be  within  the  city  or  elfewhere. 12.  II  any  fight  a  combat  in  Tork,  the  parties  lhall  make  their  oath  upon  the  text,  or relifts  of  St.  Peter’s  church  ;  and  when  the  fame  is  over,  the  viftor  lhall  offer  the  arms of  the  vanquilhed  in  the  laid  church  ;  returning  thanks  to  God  and  St.  Peter  for  his  vi- ftory  obtained. ctmlmluufei  i  j  It  any  of  the  canons  or  their  tenants  be  tried  in  pleas  of  the  crown,  their  caufe  (hall be  heard  before  any  others,  and  alfo  be  determined  as  far  as  it  can,  faving  the  churche’s dignity  (e). PriuUcgucm-  18.  kal.  Jufii  1194.  Pope  Celejiine  III.  confirmed  to  the  church  of  Tork  their  antient firmed  to  the  privileges  and  poffefiions.  And  by  virtue  of  his  apollolical  authority  prohibited  thearch- bifhoP’  tor  the  time  be'n§’  from  denouncing  any  fentences  of  excommunication,  interdifts, 'Zee  firm  Z-  fu!penl*°ns  or  expulfions  againft  the  dean  or  any  of  their  canons  or  their  minifters,  whe- chiepifcoptd fin-  ther  clerks  or  laicks ;  or  againft  the  immunity  of  their  predeceffors  which  they  had  hi¬ therto  enjoyed,  without  affent  of  the  dean  and  chapter  firft  obtained. He  alfo  decreed  that  the  ordination  of  canons  or  parfons  Ihould  be  free,  as  was  ufually heretofore  obferved  from  the  very  foundation  of  the  place,  viz. That  an  honeft  and  fit  perfon,  whom  the  archbilhop  lhall  pleafe  to  nominate,  lhall  be collated  to  every  dignity  or  prebend  in  the  church  ;  and  fo  be  prefented  to  the  dean  and chapter,  and  be  by  them  admitted  into  their  canonlhip  or  dignity  by  the  tradition  of  a book  and  bread,  and  be  inverted  by  the  hands  of  the  dean  in  the  chapter-houfe,  and  then be  received  by  a  kifs  of  the  brethren.  And  when  that  is  done  to  adminifter  the  ufual  oath (d)  Infra  atrium  tcclefiae.  tJQ  p  6.  Decan.  et  cap. Ebor.  confirm,  ampin  cart,  et  pri- (ej  Meraft.  A  tig  vol.  111.  135.  Torre  tn  regifiro  al-  vileg.  pat.  3  Ed.  IV.  p.  3.  tn.  3. conftfting Tlcadings. Lands  after- Exempt  fron free  quarter. Disets. fences. Ordination  of canons. Trebends  colla¬ tion. Admiffion. Invefittres. Oath. Chap.  III.  of  ;/jf  CHURCH  \  ORK. confiding -of  leal ty  to  the  church,  defending  its  liberties  and  legal  cuftoms,  and  not  re-  Dean  and vealing  c:ie  flcrets  of  the  chapter.  After  that  he  is  to  be  inftalled  by  the  hands  of  theCHAPTEI1- chanter  by  a  mandate  from  the  dean  and  chapter,  and  take  the  fecond  oath  to  them  in  ^  a  atlon' all  things  lawful  and  canonical. Laftly  this  pope  ratified  to  the  dean  and  chapter  of  York  the  privilege  which  the  Late-Mgbt  of  colu¬ mn  council  gave  them,  viz.  of  conferring  any  prebend  or  parfonage  to  the  church  b t-nonin  cafe  of longing,  which  by  lapie  of  the  archbifhop  continues  vacant  beyond  the  limitted  time  of laPfe>  &c- his  collating.  This  grant  alfo  confirms  to  the  dean  and  chapter  the  pofTeffion  of  feveral of  their  efhues  (f). The  church  of  York  had  likewife  thefe  following  privileges  granted  and  confirmed  by king  Henry  III.  dated  July  5,  anno  1223. 1 .  That  they  Jhould  have  the  goods  and  chattels  of  any  of  their  men,  if  they  be  out-p^;, lawed,  attaint,  or  fugitives.  And  alfo  fuch  cattle  as  are  waifed  upon  their  own  lands. 2.  That  the  faid  dean  and  chapter,  each  canon  and  their  fuccefiors,  and  all  their  tenants  Toll  free,  See. and  men  (g),  in  city,  town,  markets,  flairs,  bridges  and  lea-ports,  within  the  realms of  Eny land,  Ireland  and  Wales ,  be  free  from  payment  of  toll,  tallage,  palTagc,  pcDagc, laffoge,  tfallagc,  lu&agc,  tuarOagC;  alfo  from  works  and  aids  belonging  to  cajiles,  walls , bridges,  parks ,  banks ,  ditches ,  vivaries  ;  or  from  the  buildings  at  the  king’s  navy  or  houfes royal-,  l.kewife  from  cattle  guarD,  carriage  and  fummage.  Neither  fhall  their  wains,  car¬ riages  or  horjes  be  taken  for  any  l'ervice  whatfoever. 3.  To  be  quit  of  all  gelds,  DancgclDs,  fcngelos,  Ijangelos,  fo;gclD3,  pcnpgclos,  tptlung'  Free  from  gelds. pony,  IjuaDieD-pcnvh  fljuefccnuing,  cljetjagc,  cranage,  and  herbage  ;  and  of  other  ticaigals and  tributes  of  the  army  and  horfemanffiip. 4.  That  they  be  free  and  quit  of  all  fuits  at  counties,  f}tinD;clJS,  toappoittahs,  fptlipngs, and  cf  murder,  larceny ,  efcape  and  concealments  ;  alfo  of  fjanfolinc,  grtb^UClj,  bloDetuitC, fiUuitc,  footfall,  leirtuitc,  Ijengtotfc,  tuarb'pcnp,  and  fjartoaro-penp. 5.  Of  all  aids  of  Jherriffs  and  ther  minifters;  of  feu t ages,  ajjizes ,  recognitions ,  inquifitions  Aids . and  fuwnons  ;  except  it  be  for  the  liberty  and  affairs  of  the  church. 6.  That  they  the  faid  dean  and  chapter  have  their  own  court  and  proper  juft  ices,  Tylr  com with  fee  and  fac ,  toll,  and  tljeam,  ittfintgentyeef,  and  utfangentljeof,  flementrptfj, optical,  and  ojefter  as  well  within  time  as  without.  And  if  they,  their  canons,  or their  men  have  any  plea  againft  others  or  amongft  themfelves,  or  others  againft  them, the  faid  pleas  fhall  be  no  where  elfe  heard  but  at  the  church  door  of  St.  Peter's  ;  laving pleas  of  the  crown,  which  lhall  be  held  in  fome  one  of  the  canon’s  houfes,  or  in  the  church vjard,  as  the  dean  and  chapter  have  hitherto  ufed.  And  when  the  faid  pleas  are  ended,  the dean  and  chapter  lhall  have  the  eftreats  out  of  the  king’s  juft  ices  rolls,  who  hold  thofe pleas  touching  the  amerciaments  of  any  of  their  men. 7.  No  ilieriff  or  his  bayliff,  or  minifter  fhall  enter  the  lands  of  the  dean  and  chapter,  ^  _. or  their  liberties,  without  leave  given  to  make  any  diftrefs  and  feize  any  of  their  goods.  ‘  ‘  ‘  ‘ But  they  fhall  for  ever  have  return  of  the  king’s  writs,  in  all  things  relating  to  themfelves,  Return  of -writs their  men,  or  their  lands. 8.  All  the  king’s  fheriffs,  bayliffs  or  other  minifters,  are  hereby  prohibited,  within  theN ro  amfts. lands  of  the  dean  and  chapter,  or  their  church,  from  arrefting,  binding,  beating  or  killing any  man-,  alfo  from  bloodlhed,  committing  rapine,  or  any  other  violence.  Likewife  from molefting  them,  or  their  men,  in  their  concerns  out  of  pretence  of  any  cuftom,  fervice  or exadlion,  or  upon  any  caufe  whatever  (b). Feb.  20.  anno  51  Hen.  III. The  fame  king  Henry  furthermore  granted  to  Walter  archbifhop,  and  the  dean  and  chap- coroners ter  of  York ,  the  liberty  of  having  coroners  of  their  own  men  and  tenants  within  the  city; who  fhall  anfwer  to  the  king’s  in  all  things  to  the  coroner  office  appertaining.  Where¬ upon  he  prohibited,  upon  forfeiture  of  ten  pound,  either  the  fheriff,  his  bayliff,  or  any  other coroner  from  intermeddling  in  any  thing  belonging  to  the  office  of  a  coroner  without  the licence  or  affent  of  the  faid  dean  and  chapter  and  their  fuccefiors.  (i) The  jurifdiction  of  the  archbiffioprick  when  vacant,  wholly  belongs  to  the  dean  and  Liberties  fed? chapter.  vacante. Item ,  the  inftitutions  of  all  clerks  prefentative. Item,  the  examinations,  confirmations  and  informations  of  all  elections  of  bifhops,  ab¬ bots,  priors  and  other  perfons  whatever. Item,  the  corrections  of  all  excefies  of  the  minifters  of  the  choir.  Commons,  &c Item,  to  them  belongs  the  placing  of  vicars  in  the  ftalls  of  fuch  canons  as  are  abfent  and out  of  the  realm. Item ,  the  placing  of  auditors  over  their  own  clergy,  the  placing  of  their  own  fteward, fubtreafurer,  and  the  mafter  of  St.  Laurence's  hofpital  (k). (/)  Torre  ex  reg.  alio  p.  5-4.  ceJJ.  et  ufurpat.  per  cartas  rfgtttn.  Record.  5  R ic.  II.  n.  1 07 . (  ;)  Homines  fuos.  King  Edward  ITT.  by  charter  dated  Tune  London. Wejl.  Jim.  19.  anno  reg.  10.  declares  that  thefe  words  fhall  {h)  Torre  p.  4S9.  ex  reg. alio. extend  to  freemen,  as  well  as  to  natives  of  the  dean  ( i )  Ex  eodem. and  chapter.  D.ra-i.  et  cap.  Ebor.  placit.  ccram  jufticiar.  (A-)  Torre  p.  eadem. itintqnt.  anno  3  Ed  111.  delibertat.  etprivileg.  olim  con- 1  A 4 King n° Dean  and Chapter. Loft  charter. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookTI. (1)  King  Richard  II.  by  his  charier  under  his  broad-feal  dated  July  24,  7  reg.  grants  and confirms,  that  the  lord-mayor,  &c.  fhould  notenter  within  the  Minfer  yard  or  Beddern,  or any  houfes  of  canons,  (Ac.  within  or  without  to  exercife  any  jurifdi&ion,  (Ac. A  tedious  controverfy  between  the  dean  and  chapter  of  Tork  about  the  archbifhop’s  vi- fitation  of  them  was  by  William  de  Melton  compounded.  And  the  order  fet  down  by  him- felf  he  procured  to  be  confirmed  by  pope  John  XXIII ;  his  apoftolick  letters  bearing  date at  Avignion  6  id.  Mar.  anno  pontif.  12.  id  ejl  anno  Dorn.  1328,  who  commiiTioned  William bifhop  of  Norwich  and  matter  Hugh  de  Engolifme  archdeacon  of  Canterbury  his  procurators to  compound  the  fame,  which  they  did  accordingly.  But  the  articles  of  this  agreement are  too  long  for  my  purpofe  (m). The  dean  and  chapter  of  Tork  at  prefent  enjoy  the  following  privileges ;  which  were granted  them,  on  their  humble  petition,  by  the  charter  of  king  Edward  VI.  bearing  date April  20,  1 547.  anno  reg.  1. Whereby  the  faid  king  confirmed  unto  them,  or  rather  commijjioned  them  to  exercife  under him ,  all  fpiritual  jurifdidtion  in  thefe  matters. 1.  To  have  probats  of  wills  and  teftaments  of  all  his  fubjedls  within  thofe  parilhes, towns  and  places  which  they  or  their  predecefiors  formerly  ufed.  Alfo  to  grant  admini- ftrations  of  the  goods  and  chattels  of  fuch  perfons  as  fihall  die  inteftate  ;  fo  that  they  ex¬ ceed  not  the  fum  of  five  pound  of  debtlefs  goods. 2.  The  collations  to  ecclefiaftical  benefices  within  their  refpeftive  jurifdidtions.  Alfo  in- ftitutions  and  inductions  to  fuch  as  are  prefented  to  them. 3.  Vifitations  of  the  clergy  and  people  in  their  refpedlive  parilhes,  vicaridges  and  eccle¬ fiaftical  places.  And  to  make  enquiry,  either  by  themfelves  or  delegates,  of  the  defeats, exceftes,  crimes,  and  defaults  whatfoever  belonging  to  the  ecclefiaftical  court  within  their jurifdiftion  ;  and  the  fame  to  reform  and  punilh  according  to  that  law. 4.  To  receive  due  and  accuftomary  procurations,  in  their  vifitations,  and  proceed  againft the  contumacious  according  to  the  king’s  ecclefiaftical  law. 5.  To  hear  and  determine  fuch  caufes  and  fuits,  which  were  then  depending  before  them, or  their  commifiioners,  or  any  other  which  may  hereafter  belong  to  the  fpiritual  court  of which  they  fhall  have  cognizance  ( n ). It  is  obfervable  that  this  commiftion  was  granted  only  durante  bene  placito  regis ,  from whom  and  his  crown  all  ecclefiaftical  and  fecular  power,  authority,  judicature  and  jurif- ditflion  is  derived ;  as  being  then  declared  the  fupream  head  of  the  church  of  England ,  and of  all  magifterial  government  within  this  realm. The  dean  and  chapter  of  Tork  have  jurifdi&ion,  in  fome  refpeft,  over  the  pariftie%and towns  within  the  feveral  dignitaries  and  prebends  of  the  church.  And  over  the  prebeftdal places  themfelves.  Alfo  in  thefe  towns  following, Abberford Fenton  preb. Acclam Chanc. Accome T  reaf. Aldburgh Majfam  preb. Aldwark Treaf. Alne Treaf. St.  Anfion Laughton  preb. Barthorpe Cane. Belthorpe Bolton ^  Fenton  preb. Bijhop  lathes OJbaldwyke  preb. Biggins Fenton  preb. Brakehoufe Laughton  preb. Brewby Sal  ton  preb. Brotnflete Cave  preb. Burnt Majfam  preb. .  Part  Huftwait  preb. N.  Cave 3  Part  N.  Newbald  preb. (Part  OJbaldwyke  preb. Carrhoufe Laughton  preb. Carlton f  Hujlwaite  preb. \  Widow  preb. Cawood Fenton Clifton S  Part  Strenfal  preb. \  Part  Treaf. Cotton Langtyft  preb. Colton Stilling  ton  preb. Dringhoufes f  OJbaldwyke  preb  and i  Treaf. Ellington Ellingthorpe Majfam  preb. Elloughton Wetwang  preb. Ereewyke Strenfal  preb. Fetherby Majfam  preb. Finnimore Wetwang  preb. Firbeck Laughton  preb. Flaxton Sal  ton  preb. Flawith  in  Alne  par. Treaf. Foxflete S.  Cave  preb. Fryton Wijtow  preb. Walter  Fulford Ampleford  preb. Godmondbam Frydaythorpe  preb. Gilldenwells Laughton  preb. Givingdale Salton. Golthorpe Bijhop  Wilton  parifh. Grafton Grendall  preb. Grimjlon  and Dunnington  preb. Grimjlon Langtoft  preb. N.  Hayton Laughton  preb. Hamelton Wiftow  preb. Hanfworth Laughton  preb. Haxby Strenfall  preb. Headen Subdecan. Gate  Hehnfey OJbaldwyke  preb. ( l )  P ■  )3;.  ix  chart a  penes  dam.  Rob.  Squir«.  (n)  Idem  ex  reg.  mag.  alb.  37. $n)  Vide  Torre  f.  491. Hejfmgton Chap. III.  of  the  CHURCH  (/YORK. lleflington Hewyke III  on Kirkby-malefart Kir  kby -wharf e Learning  in  Ac  cl  am parifh Letwell jV.  Liverton Malton  part Mapleton Mart  on  near  Bur¬ lington Marion  in  Burgh- Jbire Mexburgb Mickleburg Millington Newton  Staingrave parifh Newthorp Ox  merely ke Pock  ling  ton Prejlon-Hold C  Ampleford  preb.  and \  Driffield Donninglon  preb. Maffam  preb. MaJJdrn  preb. JVetwcmg  preb. |  Cave. Laughton  preb. Ampleford  preb. Donnington  preb. A.  D.  Eaft  riding. |  Bugthorp  preb. |  Donnington  preb. A.  D.  Ebor. Salt  on  preb. Giving? ale. Salt  on  preb. T  reaf. S.  Cave  preb. Barmby  preb. Subdecan. Roucliffe Skereburn Shipton Skelton Slade-Hulton Stainford-brig Stockton Suardby Sutton Tollertofi  and 'Tborejlhorpe Towtborpe Tunftall UJburn  parva Wedworth IV aghen JV ales W illcnwclls Wardefmark Wigginton Wimbleton Wodfetts Tol  thorp Strenfal  preb. {Fenton  7  ,  , Newthorpe  }Prebends. Wighton  preb. T  reaf. Laughton  preb. OJbaldwyke  preb. Bugthorpe  preb. Bugthorpe  preb. Maffam  preb. T  reafurer. Strenfal  preb. Succ.  canon. Precentor. S.  Cave  preb. Cane. j  Laughton  preb. Maffam  preb. T  reafurer. Stillington  preb. Laughton  preb. Bi/hop  Wilton  preb. 551 Dean  anti Chapter (0)  Parifhes  and  Towns  wherein  the  dean  and  chapter  have  all  manner  of  fpiritual  jurifdiflion, Aldborough ,  near  Burroughbridge ,  the  church,  the  vicaridge  houfe  and  feven  tenements. Afkham ,  in  Nottinghamfhire ,  chapel  and  town  of  the  parifh  of  Eajl-Drayton. Brotherlon ,  church  and  town. Bubwith ,  fixteen  tenements. Byrome,  a  town  in  the  parifh  of  Brotherlon. Burlon-pydfey ,  all  the  parifh. Burlon-Leonard ,  the  church,  the  vicaridge,  three  tenements,  and  Humberton  manor-houfe. Coptnafithorp ,  chapel  and  town  of  the  parifh  of  St.  Mary’s  upon  Bi/hop-hill. Dalton ,  upon  Teafe ,  town. Eajl  Drayton ,  in  Nottinghamfhire ,  the  parifh. Eajl  Lutton ,  chapelry  of  the  parifh  of  Weverthorpe. Helpthorpe ,  parifh. Helperby ,  town. Horncby ,  the  church  and  parfonage,  vicaridge  houfes,  and  five  other  tenements  there  ; with  the  chapel  of  Hackford  and  one  tenement  there,  and  two  tenements  in  Hunt  on, Kirby-irelyth ,  in  Lancafhire ,  the  church  and  fix  tenements. Lartehnm ,  in  Nottinghamfhire ,  the  church  and  parifh. Mijlerton ,  church  and  parifh. Over-popleton ,  of  the  parifh  of  St.  Mary's  Bifhop-hill. Poole ,  a  town  in  the  parifh  of  Brotherton. Stokam ,  in  Nottinghamfhire ,  chapelry  in  the  parifh  of  Eajl  Drayton . Sutton ,  a  town  in  the  parifh  of  Brotherton. Toplijf twelve  tenements. Weaverthorpe ,  parifh. Weft  Lutton ,  chapelry  of  the  parifh  of  Weaverthorpe. Wharram ,  in  the  ftreet,  parifh. Churches  in  the  city  of  York  which  are ,  or  were ,  in  the  gift ,  and  of  the  jurifdiflion  of  the dean  and  chapter. St.  Michael's  de  Berefrido. St.  Martin's  in  Conyftreet. St.  Mary's ,  Bifhophill  jun. St.  John's ,  Oufe-bridge  end. St.  Laurence ,  extra  Walmgate . St.  Andrews. St.  John  de  le pique. St.  Ellen's  near  the  Walls. St.  John's  in  Hungate. St.  Mary's  in  Laythorpe. St.  Sampfon's. (0)  This  and  the  following  is  taken  from  a  maoufeript  of  R,  Dodfaorth,  fents  mt . Houfes 4 JJ2 Dean  and Chapter. Revenue.'. Ue  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookII. Houfes  in  the  city  and  fuburbs  of  York  of  Ibi  jurifdiSitm  of  the  dean  and  chapter. Minjler-yard ,  all  houfes  whatfoever  within the  clofe. Beddern ,  all  houfes  within  the  Bcddern. Petergate ,  all  houfes  from  the  north  fide Bootham-bar  to  the  back  gates  of  the  deanery. On  the  fouth  fide  feventeen  houfes. All  the  houfes  on  the  fouth  fide  from the  Minjler-gates  to  Grapelane-end. Stonegate ,  fourteen  houfes. Jubbergatc ,  four  houfes. St.  Andrewgate ,  five  houfes. Salve-rent ,  three  houfes. Shambles ,  feventeen  houfes. Aldwarke ,  fixteen  houfes. Loblain ,  one  houfe. Goodramgate ,  thirty  three  houfes. Goppergate ,  one  houfe. Water -lane ,  one  houfe. Bennet- rents,  feven  houfes. Pavement ,  two  houfes. Oufegate ,  one  houfe. Walmgate ,  one  houfe. Sr.  Laurence  church  yard,  two  houfes. Fojfgate,  one  houfe. Davygate ,  one  houfe. Higbmangergate ,  two  houfes. Colliergate ,  one  houfe. Micklegate ,  three  houfes. St.  Martini-lane,  five  houfes. Patrick-pcol,  two  houfes. Hornpot-lane,  two  houfes. Cham-hall-garth,  one  houfe. St.  Martini  church-yard  Conyng-Jlreet,  two houfes. Monkgate ,  five  houfes. Laythorpe ,  two  houfes. Barker-hill,  one  houfe. Phurfd ay -market,  one  houfe. (P)  Grape-lane,  all  that  fide  of  Grape-lane towards  Stonegate. 72 J3 10 Langwith  - - 08 25 00 00 Hewortb  — — 01 43 06 08 St  art  on  in  the  clay 3° >5 06 08 Stillingjlete  - 33 23 00 00 Worleby  - - °5 1 1 00 00 London  . °5 37 00 00 Holgate  — 10 13 06 08 Popleton  - - - 10 °3 06 08 Bifhop-jields  - - 02 09 15 02 Copmanthorp  - - 16 26 00 00 St.  Laurence  church °9 18 13 04 Laythorp  - - 02 17 00 00 Penfions  - 1 53 29 06 08 Several  houfes  in  York. 29 06 08 oo 13 00 13 Oo °3 00 00 *3 00 13 18 08 A 00 04 00 04 00 04 00 00 04 04 04 09 02 '  -  - -  ivwaiua  oiuneguic. I  he  revenues  of  the  dean  and  chapter  were  alfo  very  confiderable,  but  have  been  much d mummed  by  long  leafing  of  their  tithes,  lands,  &c.  fince  the  reformation.  I  fhall  not enter  into  thefe  particulars  for  reafons  before  mentioned,  and  (hall  only  give  Mr.  Torre’s account  of  the  whole  rents  as  they  occurred  to  him  from  the  leafes  themfclves. The  particular  rents  of  the  dean  and  chapter  of  York  are  to  be  thus  reckoned /.  s.  d.  1 m Aid  bo  rough  - - AJkam  and  Drayton Brotherton  - - Bubwilh  - . Burton-pydfey  - - Burton- Leonard  - Bijhop  Burton  - - Broddefworth  — — S.  Cave  - Cottim  . - - Wever thorp  — — Dalton  fuper  Teafe Lanum  ■ - Horneby  ■ - . Kirkby-  Irelith  -  _ The  houfes  and  ground  rent  belonging  to  the  dean  and  chapter  of  York  in  Fleetjlreet London,  commonly  called  Serjeant's- Inn,  came  originally  to  the  church  by  the  will  of  one Dalby  ;  who  did  devile  four  hundred  pound  to  the  dean  and  chapter  to  find  a  chantry  in their  church  perpetually,  and  an  obit  for  the  foul  of  Dalby,  and  that  the  chantry  pHeft fhouldhave  forty  eight  marks  yearly,  t*.  King  Henry  IV.  granted  licence  to  them  to purchafe  the  houfe  now  called  ^crgcantfcjnn  in  Fleetjlreet,  and  fome  houfes  and  (hops thereunto  adjommg  with  fome  other  lands  at  York,  ad  onera  et  opera  pietatis,  according  to Dalby  s  will  (q).  Thereupon  they  purchafed  thefe  houfes  and  lands,  and  made  ordinan¬ ces  how  the  prieft  fhould  be  maintained  ;  and  agreed  with  the  executors  of  Dalby  for finding  him  perpetually.  They  after  received  the  four  hundred  pound,  and  obliged  them- ielves  ac  cornua  bona  fua  ad  performandum ,  &c.  The  dean  and  chapter  employed  eiMit  pound yearly  tor  the  maintenance  of  a  prieft,  and  other  fums  for  the  obit.  Thefe  land!  fays  fir <F  IF.  from  whole  manufcript  I  have  extracted  this  account,  were  in  the  firft  year  of Edwaru  \  I.  certified  to  be  employed  fora  chantry,  and  the  king  had  it  as  chantry  land, and  gave  it  to  fir  Edward  Montague.  All  this  appeared  upon  a  fpecial  verdiit  in  the  court of  common  pleas,  where  it  was  adjudged  contrary  to  the  opinions  of  Darnel  and  IVarbur- ««,  there  being  five  judges  then  prefent,  that  thefe  lands  were  not  given  to  the  kin^  by the  ihitute  of  the  firft  of  Edward  VI.  becaufe  there  were  no  lands  given  by  Dalby,  and  his intent  could  not  make  a  chantry  •>  and  the  dean  and  chapter  did  not  make  any  chantry  or appoint  any  land  thereto,  but  obliged  their  goods  for  the  payment  of  an  annual  fum  to OO  Mr.  Tone  writes  this  word,  from  the  old  church records,  ©rappccuntlanc  p.  527. (q).Piu.  10  Hen.  IV.  f.  z.  m.  3.  Ur.um  mcjjitag.  et quinque  iciijoppc  cum  folariis  f titer  aedif.:.  in  pnroebia £>r.  JDuuftam  cCleCt  ^irlcct-mrct  infuiurlio  i*ou-- DOil,  &c. the Chap. HI.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK, the  prieft,  and  the  fum  paid  was  not  out  of  this  land  only,  but  out  of  all  their  pof-DE. feffions  (r).  Ch Thus  this  morfel  efcaped  being  fwallowed  up  by  thofe  times;  and  the  church  of  York, I  mean  the  dean  and  refidentiaries,  are  now  the  lefibrs  of  this  ground  and  houfes.  Which, however,  has  been  feveral  time  difputed  with  them  by  the  judges,  who  were  then  tenants in  the  Inn.  The  church  has  at  hilt  gained  a  total  victory,  by  law,  over  thofe  executors of  it ;  and  the  ground  being  leafed  out  into  other  hands,  feveral  fine  new  buildings  are  now ere&ing  upon  it. The  firlt  fruits  of  the  chapter  of  York  are  Valued  in  the  king’s  books  at  439  2  6 The  arms  of  the  dean  and  chapter  are,  gules ,  two  keys  in  filtire  -or. Before  I  conclude  this  head  I  fhall  prefent  the  reader  with  an  abftracft  from  fir  T.  Wid- derington’s  manufcript,  relating  to  fome  differences  arifing  betwixt  the  dean  and  chap¬ ter  and  the  city ;  in  a  note  upon  which  that  author  writes*  that  he  loves  the  city  but  the truth  better  ;  and  therefore  he  fhall  not  conceal  the  particulars.  Though  perhaps  then, adds  he,  the  table  of  St.  Peter  had  more  refpeCt  than  the  fWord  of  the  lord-mayor  in  the difquifition  of  them.  In  another  place,  he  tells  you,  that  the  large  pofleffions  of  the  church of  York,  fpangled  and  embroidered  with  fo  many  royal  favours,  did  blow  up  this  fpiri- tual  body  into  a  tumour  or  tympany,  and  it  became  a  much  greater  body  than  the  city of  York  ;  as  the  gates  of  Mindus  were  greater  than  the  city  of  Mindus.  What  fir  Yhomas has  given  us  on  thefe  controverfies  is  taken  from  the  regijl.  mag .  alb.  now  in  the  cultody of  the  dean  and  chapter ;  a  book  of  great  authority  and  antiquity. (s)  Anno  1275.  an.  reg.  Ed .  fil.  Henrici  xv.cal.  Aprilis  coram  Roberto  de  Nevile,  Alex¬ andra  de  Kirkton,  Johanne  de  Reygate,  Ricardo  de  Chaccum,  cl  Wiliklmode  Northbroughi, et  poftea  craft,  quindene  purification^  beate  Marie  apud  Eborum,  between  the  mayor  and  ci¬ tizens  and  dean  and  chapter,  an  inqueft  was  taken  by  twenty  four  knights,  all  therein named,  who  was  charged  to  enquire  of  the  following  articles.  The  verdiCt  was  given  up at  ^cartljbourg  before  the  king  and  council. The  articles  on  the  behalf  of  the  mayor  and  bailiffs  againfl  the  dean  and  chapter  were thefe, 1.  Whether  Ralftj  de  Cartels ,  a  citizen  of  York,  was  excommunicated  by  the  dean  and chapter  for  his  fidelity  which  they  required  from  him,  as  the  mayor  and  citizens  fay  ;  or was  he  excommunicated  for  his  contumacy,  becaufe  he  did  not  appear  before  the  judges  of caufes  in  the  church  of  St.  Peter ,  to  render  an  account  touching  the  will  of  one  Roger  Sa- mond  whofe  executor  he  is. 2.  If  the  dean  and  chapter  did  excommunicate  John  de  Conington  a  citizen  of  York  fora debt  which  was  not  teftamentary  or  matrimonial,  or  for  his  contumacy  in  not  appearing  be¬ fore  the  judges  of  caufes,  &c.  pro  lefione  ftdei ,  becaufe  he  did  not  obferve  his  days  of  pay¬ ment  of  a  debt  to  the  dean  and  chapter,  which  he  was  bound  upon  his  faith  to  pay. 3.  If  the  tenants  of  the  dean  and  chapter,  within  the  city,  ought  to  receive  their  mea- fures  from  the  bayliffs  of  the  city,  figned  with  the  feal  of  the  city,  as  heretofore  they have  been  accuftomed  ;  or  if  the  dean  and  chapter  have  a  ftandard  of  their  own,  and  all that  belongs  to  a  ftandard,  fealed  with  the  feal  of  St.  Peter. 4.  If  the  dean  and  chapter  do  appropriate  to  themfelves  the  pleas  of  the  king’s  tenants, or  only  the  pleas  of  their  own  men  and  tenants ;  or  whether  they  hold  pleas  by  writ  or without  writ  as  in  court-barons. 5.  If  the  mayor  and  bayliffs  do  diftrain  the  men  of  the  dean  and  chapter,  as  well  with¬ in  the  liberties  of  St.  Peter  as  without,  as  the  mayor  and  citizens  fay,  or  otherwife;  and if  they  did,  if  it  were  not  per  esitefeum,  in  time  of  war  or  peace.  Or  if  the  mayor  ufed to  enter  into  the  lands  of  St.  Peter  to  levy  the  king’s  debts,  as  well  after  thefe  charters made  to  the  church  as  before,  or  whether  the  dean  and  chapter  have  return  of  writs,  and may  levy  the  king’s  debts. 6.  If  the  men  of  the  dean  and  chapter  have  ufed  to  be  tallaged  with  the  citizens,  at what  time  foever  the  king  fhould  think  fit  to  tallage  the  city  ;  or  if  thefe  tenants  ought to  be  free  as  tenants  to  the  dean  and  chapter,  who  are  of  the  table  of  St.  Peter ,  after  the making  of  thefe  charters  ;  and  if  they  have  been  tallaged  at  any  time  if  it  were  not  per CSkchum,  and  in  the  time  of  war  or  peace. 7.  |If  the  mayor  and  bayliffs  may  enter  into  the  lands  of  St.  Peter  in  the  city  and  fuburbs, and  take  felons  or  malefactors  there  only ;  or  that  they  ought  not  to  be  taken  by  the  bayliffs of  the  dean  and  chapter. 8.  If  the  dean  and  chapter  have  excommunicated  any  by  name  for  fuch  takings  and arrefts  by  the  mayor  and  bayliffs  ;  or  if  they  have  not  excommunicated  any  by  name but  only  in  general,  twice  a  year,  all  the  intruders  imo  the  liberty  of  holy  church;  as  it  has been  ufed  always  in  the  catholick  church. (0  Mich.  2  Jac.  C.  B.  Holloway  'verfus  Watkins.  made  of  this  inter  annates  Monafi.  B.  Mariae  Ebor. 1.  Cr.  51.  jn  bibiioth.  Bodleian.  Oxon.  Nero  A.  3.  20. M  Ex  regiflro  m.igno  albo.  There  is  mention  alfo 7  B 9.  If 553 ,N  and .PTER. 55  4 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. 9-  If  rone  of  the  men  of  the  dean  and  chapter  ought  to  be  free  of  toll  within  the  city but  only  the  tenants  of  twenty  four  carucates  of  land  of  Ulphus  the  fon  of  Thorald-,  and il  the  i'ervants  ot  thele  tenants  ought  to  render  yearly  to  the  mayor  and  citizens  for  ever the  carucute  of  land  paid  for  acquittance  for  that  toll  upon  St.  Jama's  day,  as  the  mayor and  citizens  fay  1  or  that  all  the  tenants  of  the  dean  and  chapter  ought  to  be  free  by  the aforefaid  charter.  1 10.  If  tiie  dean  and  chapter  did  excommunicate  John  Matherbmi  Hugh  Parte,  the  bayliffs of  the  city,  becaufe  they  did  arreft  a  labourer  or  reaper  of  Ahum  in  the  high  ftreet,  being a  tenant  ot  the  treafurer  of  the  church;  or  if  the  dean  and  chapter  did  excommunicate them  becaufe  they  arretted  him  in  the  church-yard  of  St.  Mary's,  which  is  near  the  church ol  St.  Peter,  and  not  in  the  high  ftreet. I  .  It  the  men  ot  the  dean  and  chapter  did  hinder  the  bayliffs  of  the  city  to  arreft  a felon,  who  killed  his  companion  in  the  hofpital  of  St.  Leonard. Articles  propounded  by  the  dean  and  chapter  againjl  the  mayor  and  citizens. t.  If  all  the  men  of  the  dean  and  chapter  ought  to  be,  and  ufed  to  be  free  of  toll, tallage,  pavage,  foliage,  and  murage,  by  the  charters  of  kings,  except  the  tenants  of  the twenty  four  carucates  of  land  n VUlpbus,  or  not? 2.  if  tiie  tenants  of  tin  if  an  and  chapter  ought  not  to  ufe  and  have  not  ufed  their court  with  fac,  foe,  tell  and  the.vn,  infargtbeif  and  outfangtheof  within  the  time  of  pleading, and  without  their  tenants  of  St.  Peter-,  fo  that  none  of  their  tenants  ought  to  be  impleaded but  in  their  own  court. [  }■  If  all  pleas  of  land_  within  the  city  and  fuburbs  may  be  tried  before  the  mayor  ;  and if  the  mayor  and  bayliffs  did  not  make  a  publick  proclamation,  throughout  the  whole  ci¬ ty,  that  ho  pcrlbn  upon  pain  of  imprifonment  fhotild  come  before  the  dean  and  chapter  to anfwer,  unlefs  it  be  in  cafe  of  marriage  or  teftament. 4.  If  any  flicrilf,  bailiff  or  mimfter  of  the  king  ought  to  enter  into  the  lands  and  te¬ nements  of  the  dean  and  chapter  to  take  any  diitrefs  or  pledge,  or  to  levy  any  of  the king’s  debts  ;  or  that  the  dean  and  chapter  ought  not  to  have,  and  have  wont  to  do, thele  things  themfelves ;  or  that  the  mayor  and  bailiffs  have  return  of  writs,  levied  the king’s  debts,  and  anfwered  them  in  the  exchequer,  as  the  mayor  and  citizens  lay. 5.  If  no  vicar  or  clerk  of  the  church  of  St.  Peter  hath  hitherto  ufed  to  anfwer  for  any perfonal  trcfpafs,  before  the  mayor  and  citizens  by  the  charters  of  the  king’s  predeceffors, and  not  before  the  mayor  in  the  court  of  the  city. 6.  If  the  dean  and  chapter  have  a  flandard  for  meafures  and  ells  by  the  delivery  of  king Henry,  the  father  of  the  prefent  king,  to  be  i'ealed  with  the  feal  of  St.  Peter.  Or  that in  the  third  year  of  this  king,  the  mayor  and  bailiffs  did  not  come  into  the  houfe  of  the treafurer  of  York,  would  have  tried  the  meafures,  and  would  have  fealed  them  with  the king’s  mark,  and  have  delivered  a  flandard  unto  them  as  the  king’s  marlhals  have  ufed to  do  ;  and  the  mayor  and  bayliffs  did  hinder  them  in  the  performance  of  their  office, ur  that  none  ought  to  have  a  ftandard  within  the  city,  but  by  the  delivery  of  the  mayor and  citizens. There  were  fome  other  articles  of  complaint  on  both  fides. The  jurors  as  to  the  articles  of  the  mayor  and  citizens  againft  the  dean  and  chapter  give this  verdiift  and  judgment. 1.  That  the  dean  and  chapter  have  not  ufurped  any  pleas  of  layfees,  or  of  debts  or chatels,  which  are  not  of  teftament  or  marriage,  or  breach  of  faith,  or  violent  laying  on of  hands  upon  priefts  or  clerks,  which  pleas  belong  to  the  liberty  of  the  church ;  and judgment  was  given,  that  the  dean  and  chapter  lhall  be  without  day,  and  the  mayor  and citizens  in  mifericordia  pro  falfo  clamore. 2.  The  dean  and  chapter  and  every  canon  of  St.  Peter's  having  land  within  the  city and  fuburbs,  hath  his  court  of  his  tenants,  and  ought  to  have  the  pleas  of  his  tenants  by the  king’s  writ  diredled  to  them;  and  fhall  hear  and  determine  all  plaints  of  their  tenants in  their  own  courts  by  the  king’s  writ  to  them  diredled  ;  and  this  they  have  ufed,  ficut magnates  ct  libcri  de  regno f acium  per  Angliam,  from  the  time  of  the  confirmation  of  king Henry  III. And  the  judgment,  that  the  dean  and  chapter  and  canons  lhall  have  and  hold  their courts  ot  all  their  tenants  within  the  city  and  fuburbs,  when  the  king’s  writs  are directed  to  them  in  that  behalf  ;  and  fhall  hear  and  determine  the  complaints of  their  tenants  in  their  courts  for  ever ;  as  other  great  men  of  the  kingdom do. 3.  That  the  faid  Ralph  Curteis  was  not  excommunicated  for  his  fidelity  required  by  the dean  and  chapter,  but  for  his  contumacy  in  not  appearing  before  them  of  the  caufes  of the  chapter  to  give  an  account  ol  the  teftament  of  Roger  de  Samond ,  whofe  executor  he was;  and  the  laid  John  de  Coningjlon  was  excommunicated  by  the  faid  judge  for  breach ot  faith,  becaufe  he  did  not  obferve  the  days  of  payment  of  a  debt  which  he  owed  the dean. Therefore m Chap.  III.  of  the  CHURCH  j/YORK. Therefore  judgment  was  given  that  the  dean  and  chapter  as  to  this  article  lliould  be fine  die ,  arid  the  mayor  and  citizens  in  mercy  for  their  falfe  clamour. 4.  That  the  dean  and  chapter  do  not  appropriate  to  themfclves  any  men  but  their  own men,  and  that  only  when. the  king’s  writs  are  diredted  unto  them,  and  they  hear  and  de¬ termine  the  plaints  of  their  tenants  in  their  own  courts,  as  other  great  men  of  the  kingdom do. And  the  judgment  was  that  the  dean  and  chapter  fhould  be  without  day,  and  the  mayor and  citizens  in  mercy  for  their  fiilfe  clamour. 5.  That  the  mayor  and  citizens  of.Tork,  after  the  confirmation  of  king  Henry  III.  made  to the  dean  and  chapter  of  their  liberties,  did  take  no  pledge  or  dillrefs  in  the  land  of  the  dean and  chapter,  nor  of  any  other  within  the  fee  of  St.  Peter  ;  for  any  debts  of  the  citizens  unlefs it  were  per  cfUcUum,  or  in  time  of  war,  and  that  they  ought  to  take  no  fuch  pledge  or  di- flrefs  within  'thofe  liberties. And  the  judgment  was  that  the  mayor  and  citizens  thenceforth  fhould  take  no  pledge nor  dillrefs  in  the  fee  of. St.  Peter ,  within  the  city  or  fuburbs  for  any  debts  of  the  ci¬ tizens,  or  of  any  other-,  and  the  mayor  in  mercy  for  his  falfe  clamour. 6.  That  none  of  the  men  or  tenants  of  the  dean  and  chapter  of  the  fee  of  St.  Peter ,  ought nor.  ufed  to  be  tallaged,  unlefs  by  reafon  of  their  merchandife  if  they  fhall  ufe  any  within the  city  of  York  out  of  die  land  and  fee  of  St.  Peter-,  and  by  reaion  of  their  merchandife  fuch men  and  tenants  of  St.  Peter  bei»&  within  the  city  ought  to  be 'tallaged  when  the  king will  tallage  the  city  aforeiaid,  according  to  the  quantity  of  merchandife  which  they  ufe  as aforelaid. The  judgment  was,  that  all  the  men  and  tenants  of  the  dean  and  chapter,  and  alfo  of the  .fee  of  St.  Peter  within  the  city  and  fuburbs,  fhall  be  quit  from  tallage  for  ever; unlefs  the  merchandife  they  ufe  be  within  the  city  and  fuburbs  without  the  land  or fee  of  St.  Peter  1  and  the  mayor  and  citizens  in  mercy. 7.  That  all  men  and. tenants  of  the  dean  and  chapter  ought  to  be  free  from  paying  toll  in the  city  and  fuburbs,  and  h  ive  been  free  from  it  by  the  charters  of  the  kings  of  England , and  by  the  confirmation  of  king  Henry  III.  and  they  fay  that  the  forinfical  tenants  of  the dean  and  chapter  of  the  lands  of  Ulphus  do  yearly  pay  to  the  mayor  and  citizens  half  a  mark of  ' ancient  cuftom,  which  they  have  .ufed  to  pay  to  this  day  ;  but  they  know  not  whether this  was  paid  for  an  acquittance  of  their  toll  or  no. Therefore  the  judgment  was  that  all  the  forinfical  tenants  of  the  dean  and  chapter  of the  lands. of  Ulphus ,  do  pay  to  the  mayor  and  citizens  half  a  mark  yearly  for  ever  as they  have  uled  to  pay;  and  the  mayor  and  citizens  in  mercy. 8.  That  the  dean  and  chapter  ought  by  their  bailiffs  to  receive  and  a r reft  thieves  and malefactors  within  .the  liberties  of  St.  Peter  in  the  city  and  fuburbs  of  York,  and  to  detain them  in  prifon  till  they  be  delivered  by  the  lav/  of  the  land;  and  this  they  have  ufed  fully and  conftantly  from  the  time  of  the  confirmation  made  to  the  dean  and  chapter  by  king  Hen¬ ry  III.  and  if  the  mayurand  bailiffs  have  at  any  time  taken  and  arrefted  fuch  malefactors  with¬ in  the  liberties  of  St.  Peter ,  it  hath  been  per  cfkclium  in  the  time  of  war. Therefore  judgment  ih  this  was  given  for  the  dean  and  chapter,  and  the  mayor  and citizens  in  mercy. 9.  The  dean  and  chapter  have  not  excommunicated  any  of  the  citizens  by  name,  by  rea¬ fon  of  any  arreft  made  by  them  in  the  liberty  of  St.  Peter  within  the  city  and  fuburbs  of  York, but  have  only  twice  a  year  excommunicated  all  trefpafiers  upon  the  rights  and  liberties  of  the church,  as  is  ufed  in  every  church  in  the  kingdom. For  this  alfo  judgment  was  given  for  the  dean  and  chapter. That  the  dean  and  chapter  did  not  refeue  the  felon  who  killed  his  fellow  in  the  hofpital  of Sr.  Leonard ,  but  fay  that  the  felon  was  mad  and  killed  his  fellow,  and  taken  and  put  in bonds  by  the  men  of  the  hofpital,  and  he  died  in  that  heat  of  infirmity. In  this  alfo  judgment  was  given  for  the  dean  and  chapter. For  the  articles  of  the  dean  and  chapter  againft  the  mayor  and  citizens  they  find. That  the  men  of  the  dean  and  chapter  and  their  tenants  ought  to  be  free  of  toll,  mu- rag-  and  ftallage,  both  by  the  charters  of  the  kings  of  England,  and  by  the  confirmation of  Henry  III. For  paving,  they  fay  that  the  dean  and  every  canon,  and  every  tenant  of  St.  Peter  ought to  pave  before  their  doors  when  the  city  is  to  be  paved. And  judgment  was  given  in  both  thefe,  and  that  the  dean  and  canons  and  their  men hereafter  fhould  make  the  paving  aforefaid  in  form  aforelaid  ;  and  the  mayor  and citizens  were  as  to  this  fine  die,  and  the  dean  and  chapter  in  mercy. That  the  dean  and  chapter  ought  to  have  their  free  court,  with  toll  and  tljcam,  fac,  foe ingfangtljcff  ano  outfangtijeff  within  the  time  of  pleading  and  without,  of  all  the  tenants  of St.  Peter,  fo  that  out  of  that  court  they  ought  not  to  be  impleaded  unlefs  they  will  fubmit to  it  gratis. And  judgment  was  given  accordingly. That  the  mayor  and  bayliffs  did  not  make  any  publick  proclamation  under  the  pain  of imprifonment  that  none  of  the  city  or  fuburbs  fhould  anfwer  before  the  dean  and  chapter  of any S n  a E  a  n  and HAPTER. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookII. any  pleas  as  the  dean  and  chapter  have  alledged.  But  they  gave  warning  that  none  of  the city  or  fuburbs  fhould  go  to  anfwer  before  them  for  any  thing  but  plea  teftamentary  or  ma¬ trimonial. Therefore  judgment  was  given  that  the  mayor  and  citizens  be  fine  die,  and  the  dean  and chapter  in  mercy. That  no  vicar  or  clerk  of  the  church  of  St.  Peter  lhall  anfwer  to  any  matter  of  the  court of  the  city,  but  only  of  fuch  things  and  poffeffions  as  concern  the  liberty  of  the  city,  and of  perfonal  trelpaffes  within  the  city  done  without  the  fee  of  St.  Peter ;  and  if  any  be  attach¬ ed  to  anfwer  before  the  mayor  and  bailiffs  in  the  court  of  the  city,  if  the  dean  and  chapter  or any  on  their  behalf  (hall  come  into  the  court  of  the  city  and  demand  their  court  of  fuch  vicars and  clerks  they  ought  to  have  it. Judgment  was  given  accordingly. They  fay  that  the  mayor  and  citizens,  die  Martii  xxi.  prex.  ante  Pafch.  floridum  laft  paff came  into  the  lands  of  St.  Peter  in  the  fuburbs  of  the  city,  and  there  did  take  up  the  mea- lures,  gallons,  and  ells  or  yards  and  carried  them  away  by  force  ;  but  they  broke  no  doora nor  took  away  any  other  goods.  ’ Judgment  was  that  the  mayor  (hould  be  in  mercy  for  the  trefpafs,  and  the  dean  and chapter  in  mercy  as  to  the  complaint  of  breaking  the  doors  and  taking  away  other goods. For  the  article  by  which  the  dean  and  chapter  claim  the  ftandard,  they  fay  that  the  dean and  chapter  have  anciently  received  meafures  in  their  own  lands  from  the  mayor  and  bayliffs until  king  Henry  III.  did  by  his  marfhal  deliver  a  ftandard  unto  the  dean  and  chapter,  and all  things  belonging  to  a  ftandard,  becaufe  that  in  the  charters  of  ancient  kin»s  ic  was”  con¬ tained  that  the  lands  of  the  canons  is  the  proper  table  of  St.  Peter,  and  that°the  canons  of the  church  (hould  in  their  houfes  and  lands  have  all  liberties,  honours  and  cuftoms  as  the kings  had  in  their  lands.  And  they  fay  that  in  the  time  of  the  king  that  now  is,  the  mar- (lials  of  the  king  came  to  York,  and  would  have  delivered  the  ftandard  to  the  dean  and  chap¬ ter  but  the  mayor  and  citizens  would  not  permit  them  ;  and  fo  by  this  impediment  they  are not  in  feifin  of  the  ftandard,  although  they  were  in  feifin  thereof  in  the  time  of  king  Hen- ry  III.  and  long  before.  ° Therefore  this  article  was  refpited  to  another  day,  and  in  the  mean  time  to  fpeak  with the  king. For  the  article  whereby  the  dean  and  chapter  claim  return  of  writs,  they  fay  they  have fuch  return,  and  to  levy  the  king’s  debts  in  their  lands.  And  if  the  mayor  and  bailiffs  have entered  their  lands  to  levy  thefe  debts,  it  was  by  force  and  rfiicluim  and  in  time  of  war. But  in  regard  it  is  not  contained  in  any  of  their  charters,  nor  in  the  confirmation  of  king Henry  111.  that  they  may  by  their  own  hands  levy  the  king’s  debts,  nor  anfwer  for  them  to the  exchequer,  but  only  that  they  lhall  have  return  of  writs. Therefore  this  article  was  alfo  refpited. For  the  article  of  excommunicating  John  Maleherb  and  Hugh  Payte  by  the  dean  and chapter  for  taking  of  a  reaper  at  Accmbe,  they  fay  they  were  excommunicated  for  that  cap¬ tion.  But  it  does  not  appear  to  them  whether  the  reaper  was  taken  within  the  church-yard or  without.  1 Therefore  it  was  refpited  for  a  further  enquiry. It  was  enquired  of  thefe  jurors,  that  if  the  liberties  granted  to  the  dean  and  chapter  and to  the  abbot  of  St.  Mary’s  (hould  all  be  allowed,  if  the  citizens  would  be  able  to  pay  their fee-farm  rent  to  the  king  ?  r  1 The  anfwer  was,  they  were  able  and  did  know  that  when  they  took  the  farm. I  have  mentioned  thefe  things,  fays  fir  Thomas,  that  ye  may  fee  the  vogue  and  humour  of thofe  times  ;  their  blind  devotion  to  the  church,  and  their  blindnefs  in  juftice.  The  fword of  the  city  muft  be  lodged  under  the  table  of  St.  Peter,  adds  he,  and  that  poor  fword  was afterwards  prohibited  to  be  carried  with  the  point  upwards  in  St.  Peter's  church.  This  laft ftroke  with  the  fword  is  aimed  at  king  Charles  the  firft,  who  by  his  letters  mandatory  to  the lord  mayor,  (Ac.  firft  prohibited  the  bearing  of  the  enfigns  of  authority,  at  all,  in  the church  (l).  And  when  they  were  allowed  to  enter,  it  was  with  the  point  of  the  fword  de- baled,  and  the  mace  unfhouldercd. But  that  l^clE  Cfjurct)  may  not  afiume  to  itfelf  unlimited  favours  in  former  days,  I  here give  a  cranflation  bom  a  record  in  the  tower  of  London ,  of  a  fevere  mandate  fent  to  the dean  and  chapter  of  York  from  king  Henry  III.  in  relation  to  their  meddling  too  much  in temporals  in  thofe  days ;  and  making  ufe  of  the  churches  thunder  (excommunications)  to ierve  their  own  purpofes.  .  The  mandate  is  the  molt  extraordinary  of  any  thing  I  ever  met with  of  that  kind  ;  the  original  Latin  of  it  may  be  found  in  the  addenda  ( u). (0  A  copy  of  this  mandate,  or  order,  which  I  had by  h  ravour  of  the  prefect  dean  may  be  feen  in  the appendix. («)  Clauf.  39  Hen.  III.  m.  i-j.dorfo.  intitul.  De  querela cirium  Ebor.  verfus  archiep.  Ebor.  more  pro  verfus  decan. et  cap.  Ebor. “  The S Chap.  III. of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK. 55? **  The  king  to  the  dean  and  chapter  of  Sr.  Peter*  sof  York ,  greeting;  from  the  complaints  C‘*APTE* «c  of  the  mayor  and  citizens  of  our  city  of  lark  we  frequently  underftand,  that  you  ufurp  to <(  yourfelv-es  pleas  of  layick  tees  and  of  chattels  and  debts,  which  are  not  of  teftament  or “  matrimony,  and  other  rights  and  liberties  in  the  laid  city,  to  our  mayor  and  bayliffs  of  the “  fuid  city  belonging ;  neither  do  you  permit  the  keepers  of  our  meafures  in  the  faid  city,  to “  cry  meafures  in  the  grounds  which  yon  fay  be  yours,*  nor  them  with  our  feal  to  fign,  but “  wich  a  counterfeit  feal  you  caufe  them  to  be  figned  ;  likewife  you  do  not  permit  the  faid VI  citizens  to  take  the  (xj  diftreffes  of  your  men  for  their  debts,  according  to  the  tenure  of *v  our  charter,  which  thereupon  they  have,  whereby  neither  your  men  nor  others  are  excep- “  ted  ;  likewife  you  appropriate  to  yourfelves  our  men,  and  all  their  pleas  you  hold  in  your *v  court  by  force  of  excommunication  by  reafon  of  their  lands  wherein  they  refide  ;  neither “  do  you  permit  our  bailiffs  of  the  faid  city  to  enter  the  lands  which  you  fay  be  yours,  al- «*  though  they  are  not,  our  debts  to  levy,  nor  thieves  nor  malefa&ors  to  take  and  arreft, but  Tf  your  lands  without  your  licence  they  enter,  and  endeavour  to  preferve  themfelves “  through  our  right  from  the  faid  grievances,  forthwith  you  caufe  fentence  of  excommuni- it  cation,  without  our  affent  of  amends  to  be  made,  to  be  proclaimed  againft  them  ;  nor ««  the  fame,  upon  any  of  our  commands,  you  take  care  to  difeharge,  unlcfs  oath  be  made for  obeying  the  ecclefiaft ical  rights.  Seeing  therefore ,  that  the  premifies  happen  now  to «  be  no  little  prejudice  to  our  rights,  and  the  great  injuring  of  our  royal  dignity,  and  that 41  you  have  been  often  required  by  our  letters  that  you  fhould  defift  from  the  like  exactions ««  and  ufurpations ;  we  admonifh,  exhort  and  command  you  again,  to  the  end  that  the .*  mayor  and  bayliffs  and  citizens  aforefaid,  we  permitting  them  peaceably  to  enjoy  the it  rights  and  liberties  before  ufed  in  the  faid  city,  from  henceforth  you  attempt  nothing  which 41  may  happen  to  the  prejudice  of  our  rights;  and  the  fentence  of  excommunication,  if  any “  of  you  have  caufed  to  be  proclaimed  through  the  occafion  aforefaid  againft  the  bailiffs  and tt  citizens  aforefaid,  you  forthwith  without  delay  caufe  to  be  recalled  ;  any  longer  to  forbear we  (hall  not,  as  indeed  we  ought  not,  but  of  fo  great  excefs  and  injuries  to  us  offerred, “  which  not  only  redounds  to  our’difinheritance,  but  alfo  to  our  moft  grievous  difgrace  and “  reproach,  a  heavy  revenge,  as  we  ought,  we  ftiall  furely  take. “  We  alfo  enjoin  the  mayor  and  bailiffs  aforefaid,  that  our  rights  and  liberties  uninjured “  they  preferve,  and  firmly  on  our  fide  and  behalf  caufe  to  be  inhibited  that  not  any  one 4c  0f  the  faid  city  appear  before  you  in  your  court,  to  anfwer  for  any  matters  belonging  to “  our  crown  and  dignity. JPitnefs  the  KING. At  Weftminfter,  19  die  Febr. “  In  like  manner  the  abbot  of  St.  Mary's  of  York,  and  the  prior  of  the  Holy  Trinity  of  York , “  and  the  mafter  of  the  hofpital  of  St.  Leonard  of  York  were  commanded ;  excepting <c  that  in  thefe  letters  there  be  no  mention  of  the  fentence  of  excommunication  brought  upon “  the  mayor,  citizens  and  bailiffs  of  the  faid  city  ;  nor  that  the  faid  abbot,  prior  and  ma- <«  fter  fhall  be  otherwife  required  by  the  king’s  letters  to  defift  from  the  like  exa&ions. Witnefs  as  above. The  deanery  of  York  was  firft  inftituted  by  Thomas,  the  firflof  that  name,  archbifhop  ofoEAN  0f this  fee.  He  is  the  chiefeft  officer  in  the  church,  next  the  archbifhop,  and  in  the  chapter  York. the  o-reateft  of  all.  In  the  archbiffiop’s  abfence  he  ought  to  have  the  middle  place  in  all proceffionals  of  the  church.  And  purely,  by  virtue  of  his  joint  authority,  makes  his  chap¬ ter  to  gain  or  lofe  in  matters  of  law  ;  which  otherways,  if  it  had  not  his  proper  concurrence, would  be  invalid. The  dean  is  ele&ed  by  the  chapter,  inveftedby  a  gold  ring,  and  inftalled  by  the  precen¬ tor  of  the  church.  According  to  which,  in  the  year  1194,  pope  Celejtine  III.  ended  that controverfy  which  arofe  betwixt  Geofry  archbiifhop  and  his  chapter,  about  the  right  of  ap¬ pointing  a  new  dean.  It  deems  the  chapter  ihaving  then  ele£ted  one,  the  archbifhop  refufed to  confirm  him  ;  and  nominated  another  to  the  place.  Alledging  .that  the  deanry  belonged to  his  donation.  The  chapter  hereupon  appealed  to  the  pope,  and  fent  their  proxies  to  ne¬ gotiate  the  affair ;  where,  after  a  full  hearing  before  the  holy  father  and  his  college  of  car¬ dinals  the  archbiftiop’s  collation  was  caifated  and  made  void.  And,  upon  the  new  dean’s refignation  of  that  dignity  into  his  hands,  he  by  his  apoftolical  authority,  regranted  him the  faid  deanry  ;  confirming  to  the  canons,  or  chapter  of  York ,  for  the  future  their  rjght of  eledting  their  dean  and  his  inveftiture  by  a  gold  ring. It  belongs  to  the  office  of  the  dean,  by  the  chapter’s  confent,  to  make  convocations  ;  to  1*5  dtm't admit  perfons  prefented  to  dignities  or  prebends  ;  to  inveft  them  by  the  book  and  bread; and  to  command  the  precentor  to  inftall  them. (x)  The  latiu  word  made  ufeofhcre-is  nimiu  ■  whtVh comes  from  the  Saxon  Naeme,  capio,  capture,  a  taking or  fiezing  on,  ’whence  our  ntnunirig,  which  is  now fteiling-  See  S owner's  Sax.  diet.  Spelman't  gloflary. 7  C  In 4 5  5  8 Dean  of York. In  the  choir  an¬ ciently. fiom. "Rntnuet. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookII. In  the  choir  it  was  his  office  anciently,  if  prefent,  to  fay  the  confeffion  at  the  prime  and ccmpUtorie  ;  with  fidehum  at  the  end.  Solikewife  in  the  chapter.  On  folemn  and  principal days,  he,  having  firft  received  the  accuftomary  benediction,  ought  in  his  own  flail  to  read tne  nine  lections  umattins.  Alfo  to  celebrate  mafs,  having  three  deacons  and  as  many  fu'b- deacons  to  adminifter  to  him.  At  velpers  and  mattins,  his  own  proper  vicar  habited  in  i filk  cope,  Tnall  bring  him  his  cope  to  his  flail  ;  who  fhall  be  ufhered  in  by  two’  torch  bearers wh.le  the  fifth  pfalm  is  Tinging.  And  then  the  dean  fhall  read  his  chapter  and  his  prayers 1  he  dean  fhall  begin  the  antiphony  fuper  P ,  the  magnificat  and  benediAus ;  which  bein»  Tiino-’ the  clerk  of  the  veftry,  accompanied  by  the  torch  and  cenfer-bearers,  with  their  centers  Tull of  hot  coals,  fhall  carry  and  lay  the  incenfe  on  the  coals  before  the  dean,  and  fay  the  bene didtion  Then  the  reftor  of  the  choir  fhall  begin  to  intonize,  and  the  dean,  ufhered  up  bv the  torch  and  cenfer-bearers,  fhall  advance,  chrough  the  midft  of  the  choir,  to  the  altar  * where  he  fhall  perform  the  fanftuary.  The  re61or  of  the  choir,  together  with  all  the  ma¬ jors  and  minors  thereof,  fhall  rife  up  from  their  feats  and  turn  their  faces  towards  the  dean both  at  his  going  to  the  altar  and  coming  back.  But  on  grand  folemnities  he  is  bound  to begin  the  la  ft  antiphony  at  the  great  procejfion. T?  itheidea^,S  °ffice  dld  alJ°  belon§  the  blowing  the  candles  on  the  feaft:  of  Purification Jprinkle  the  afheson  AJh-wednefiday ,  and  give  the  abfolution,  if  prefent.  Alfo  on  Palm- Junday  lie  did  hallow  the  palms,  and  begin  the  ave  rex  nofier  before  the  crofs.  And  on  that day,  either  by  himfelf  or  fome  other,  did  preach  a  fermon  to  the  people*  Likcwife  on Diecaenae,  or  Maunday-tburfday,  he  ufed  to  receive  the  penitents;  and  after  dinner  by  the affiltancc  of  other  canons,  did  wafh  the  feet  of  the  poor,  and  then  make  the  diftribution  of alms  amongfl  them ;  which  was  always  ufed  to  be  done  at  the  charge  of  the  facrift  of  the chapel.  And  when  that  was  ended,  the  dean  with  two  of  the  majors  of  the  church  did  eo and  wafh  the  altars.  But  in  one  of  the  four  grand  days,  if  the  archbifhop,  was  prefent  he was  obliged  to  perform  the  faid  fervice.  ’ By  an  ancient  cuflom  of  this  church,  the  dean  of  it  was  obliged  for  ever  to  feed  or  relieve at  Ins  oeanry,  ten  poor  people  daily.  This  was  for  the  foul  of  good  queen  Maud  ■  and  for which  caufe  he  had  the  churches  of  Killum ,  Pickeriftg  and  Pocklington  annexed  to  his deanry  (yj. T  he  ancient  revenues  of  the  deanry  amounted,  according  to  Mr.  Torre ,  to  the  yearly  rent of  373/.  6s.  8  d.  I  fhall  not  particularize  the  fcveral  demifes  from  it,  which  I  find  was firft  begun  by  Bryan  Higden  dean,  23  Hen.  VIII;  the  aforefaid  writer  has  fummed  up  the rents  of  the  deanry  as  follows  :  r /.  r.  d. Killum ,  —  -■  ■>  51  12  00 Pickering ,  -  100  00  00 Pocklington ,  &c.  1 19  00  09 Kilnwyck ,  —  6  00  00 .  f  °9.  the  dean’s  part  of  the  refidentiary  money. The  valuation  of  the  deanry  of  York  in  the  king’s  books  is  _ .  3q8  10  71 Tenths  -  30  17 Procurations  - - -  5  00  o Subfidies - 27  08  o Anno  1265,  49  Hen.  III.  the  dean  of  York  had  a  fummons  to  parliament  by  writ  as  the bilhops,  abbots  and  barons  had  ;  but  I  do  not  find  any  more  of  them  fo  called,  (z). A  CATALOGUE  of  the  DEANS  of  York. Year  of creation. J142 n.. 1 186 1 189 1 191 1206 12.. 12  .  . DEANS. Mr.  Hugo  .... Will,  de  Sanhl a  Barbara Rob.  de  Gant Rob.  de  Botevillin Hubert  Walker ,  cl. Henry  Marjhal Mr.  Symon  de  Apulia Mr.  Hamo  .... Roger  de  Infula Galfi.  de  Norwico VACATIONS. For  the  bifhoprick  of  Durham. By  death. For  the  bifhoprick  of  Sarum. For  the  bifhoprick  of  Exeter. For  the  bifhoprick  of  Exeter. ST-  1Sfdl  takun  from/,Mr  Tonc’  M3 5-  Johan.  2.  Capella  de  Bamaby  concetf.  decam  Ebor  Cart Tther^rds  aCd  &°m  ^  A  and  num'  6o‘  dt  Sti,ling«'«  concejf.  decano  Ebor.  Sec! (*■)  Scl Jen's  titles  of  honour,  p.  723.  Anno  reg.  regis  ^  nHm'2°' Year Chap.  III. of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK. Year  of creation. 12  .  . 1244 I24  ■ 12  .  . 12^6 I258 1264 1279 1290 1298 1309 J3IO 1312 1332 *333 1347 1366 1381 1385 1392 1401 1407 1416 1421 1426 14  37 1454 1477 1488 1494 1496 1503 1507 1511 i5H 1516 *539 1544 J567 1589 1617 1624 1660 1663 1 664 1 676 1702 1728 BEANS. Fulco  Baffett Mr.  Willielmus  .... Walter  de  Kyrkham Sewall  de  Bovile Godfrey  de  Ludham Roger  de  Holdernefs Will,  de  Langton  .  . Rob.  de  Scardeburgb Hen.  de  Newark Will,  de  Hamel  ton Reginald  de  la  Goth ,  cardinalis Will,  de  Pykcring Rob.  de  Bykering Will,  de  Colby Will,  de  la  Zoucb Phil,  de  Wejlon Dom.  Taller  and,  ep.  Alban. Dom.  Job.  Anglicus ,  cardinalis Dom.  Adam  (a)  Eajlon ,  cardinalis Mr.  Edm.  de  Strafford ,  LL.  D. Roger  Walden Rich.  Clyfford,  L.  B. Tbo.  Langley ,  prelb. John  Prophete Tbo.  Polton ,  L.  B. Will.  Grey ,  L.  D. Rob.  Gilbert ,  S.  T.  P. Will.  F el  ter,  Dec.  Dr. Rich.  Andrews,  LL.  D. Rob.  Bothe,  LL.  D. Cbrifl.  Urdwvke,  Dec.  Dr. Will.  Sheffield,  Dec.  Dr. Geffry  Blythe,  S.  T.  B. Cbrifl.  Baynbrigge ,  LL.  D. James  Harrington,  prefb. Thomas  Wolfie,  S.  T.  D. John  Lounge,  Leg.  D. Brian  Higden,  Leg.  D. Rich.  Layton,  Leg.  D. Nich.  Wot  ton,  L.  D. Math.  Hutton,  S.  T.  B. John  Thornburgh ,  S.  T George  Meriton,  S.  T.  P. John  Scott,  S.  T.  P. Rich.  Marfh Will.  Sancroft,  S.  T.  P. Rob.  Hitch,  S.  T.  P. Tobias  Wickam,  S.  T.  P. Thomas  Gale,  S.  T.  P. Henry  Finch,  A.  M. Rich.  Ofbaldeflon,  S.  T.  P. P. VACATIONS. For  the  bifhoprick  of  London. For  the  archbifhoprick  of  Fork, For  the  fame. By  death. By  death. Archbifhop. By  death. By  death. By  death. By  death. Archbifhop. By  death. Deprived. Deprived. For  the  archbifhoprick  of  Canterbury. For  the  bifhoprick  of  Worcefter. For  the  bifhoprick  of  Durham. By  death. Bifhoprick  of  London. Bifhoprick  of  London. By  death. By  death. By  death. Refigned. By  death. Bifhoprick  of  Coventry. Archbifhoprick  of  York. By  death. For  the  bifhoprick  of  Lincoln. By  death. By  death. By  death. By  death. Bifhoprick  of  Durham. Bifhoprick  of  Worcejler. By  death. By  death. Refigned. By  death. By  death. By  death. By  death. I  have  copied  exaCtly  Mr.  Torre's,  catalogue  of  our  deans,  becaufe  his  authorities  are  un- queftionable.  But  Mr.  Willis  (b)  has  added  to  the  number,  and  introduces  Aldred,  and  ano¬ ther  Hugh ,  betwixt  the  firft  and  William  de  St.  Barbara.  He  alfo  mentions  one  William archdeacon  of  Nottingham ,  and  Maugerius  whom  Leland  fays  was  made  bifhop  of  Worcejler from  this  dignity  ;  thefe  he  places  betwixt  Simon  de  Apulia  and  Hamo ,  about  the  latter  end of  the  eleventh  century.  Our  church  records  not  rifing  fo  high,  we  cannot  contradict  this, and  indeed  there  are  nothing  but  old  hiflorians  and  ancient  charters,  to  whofe  grants  thefe principal  dignitaries  were  ufually  witnefies,  to  coiled  from  in  thofe  times.  I  myfelf  have met  with  the  name  of  one  Thomas  dean  of  York,  as  a  witnefs  to  a  grant  of  fome  tenements ( a)  Mr.  Torre  calls  this  man  only  Adam  card,  but  I  find in  the  Toed.  Ang.  tom.  VII.  f>.  that  his  name  was  Adam Taft  on. (t>)  Survey  of  cathedrals.  London  1 727. Demis  of York. 4 5 6o  7he  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  If. 0?  an  of  in  Fork,  to  the  abbyof  Fountains  -,  but  where  to  place  him  I  know  not,  the  deed  bearing  no York-  date,  though  ’tis  unqueftionably  of  great  antiquity  (c). Thefe  are  all  the  names  of'  the  deans  of  Fork ,  from  the  firft  inflitution  down  to  the prelent,  that  are  to  be  met  with  in  Mr.  Torre’s,  le  Neve's ,  or  Mr.  Willis's  catalogues.  1 fhall  next  fubjoin  a  fhort  account  of  thefe  dignitaries,  many  of  whom  have  been  men  of great  rank  in  their  time,  and  have  rofe  from  this  preferment  to  fome  of  the  firft  places  in church  and  ftate. Hvi^h.  In  the  year  1090.  Hugo  or  Hugh ,  was  confecrated  firft  dean  of  Fork.  This  man  was one  of  thofe  who  was  prefent  at  the  confecration  of  Anjelm  into  the  fee  of  Canterbury  by Thomas  archbifhop  of  Fork  ;  which  folemnity  happened  December  4,  1093.  And  in  the year  1108.  when  king  Henry  I.  had  thoughts  only  to  prefer  Thomas  II.  unto  the  fee  of London  yet,  at  the  requeft  of  this  dean  Hugh ,  he  promoted  tfie  faid  Thomas  unto  the  arch- bifhoprick  of  Fork.  And  afterwards  Hugh  was  fo  great  a  ftickler  in  that  archbiftiop’s affairs,  that  being  by  him  employed  to  the  king  in  Normandy ,  he  procured  his  royal  let¬ ters  to  the  pope,  on  his  laid  matter's  behalf;  whereby  he  obtained  for  him  the  pall,  with a  com  million  from  his  holinefs  to  confecrate  Thomas  in  the  church  of  St.  Paul  London  ;  in order  to  elude  the  fubjedlion  to  Canterbury  (d). In  the  reign  of  this  Henry ,  when  Thurjlan ,  fuccefibr  to  Thomas ,  founded  the  nunnery  of St.  Clements  Fork ,  this  dean  Hugo  was  primary  witnefs  to  the  foundation  charter  (e). In  his  latter  days  he  quitted  his  deanry  and  retired  to  Fountains  abbey,  then  newly ereefted,  where  he  fickned  and  died.  Being  a  very  wealthy  man,  the  riches  he  brought along  with  him  contributed  very  much  to  relieve  the  neceflities  of  that  houfe  then  in  great want  and  diftrefs  (f). William  de  St.  William  de  S.  Barbara  was  elected  next,  lays  Mr.  Torre ,  to  this  deanry  of  Fork.  In  the Barbara.  year  when  Thurjlan  archbifhop  of  Fork  was  old  and  infirm,  he  diretfbed  this  his  dean William  to  interdict  and  eftablifh  ecclefiaftical  laws  as  occafion  mould  require  (g). In  the  year  1143.  this  William  de  S.  Barbara  was  for  his  learning,  gravity,  prudence and  honefty,  confecrated  bifhop  of  Durham  ;  which  fee  he  governed  nine  years  and  died November  15,  1153(h). Robert  de  Robert  de  Gant  fucceeded  next  to  this  deanry ;  he  was  king  Stephen's  chancellor,  and Gant.  Was  made  dean  of  Fork  in  the  year  1 144.  This  dean  with  Hugh  the  treasurer,  and  OJhert the  archdeacon,  although  they  had  been  preferred  to  their  dignities  by  William  archbifhop, lince  called  St.  William ,  yet  when  he  was  removed  from  his  archiepifcopal  function,  in  the year  1148  ;  they  confented  to  the  election  of  one  Hillary  the  pope’s  clerk  to  the  chair  ; though  on  the  other  fide  the  greateft  part  of  the  chapter  had  elected  Henry  Murdac  there¬ unto.  This  Robert ,  with  his  partners,  are  not  a  little  fufpe&ed  by  hiftorians,  to  have  a  hand in  poifoning  their  prelate  in  the  facramental  cup. Robert  II.  Robert  II.  or  de  Boutvellein ,  was  the  next  in  fucceftion  to  this  deanry.  This  man,  in the  prefence  of  archbifhop  Roger ,  obtained  the  king’s  letters  teftimonial,  dated  at  Roan , to  be  owned  for  his  chaplain,  although  he  had  neither  before  made  his  fealty  to  his  mo¬ ther  Maud  the  emprefs  nor  to  himfelf;  and  that  he  did  not  now  require  it  at  his  hands, and  fhould  permit  none  to  injure  him  either  in  his  body  or  goods  (i). This  dean  obtained  from  Robert  de  Percy  the  grant  of  the  church  of  Kilnwyck  to  be  ap¬ propriated  to  him  and  his  chapter  for  ever  (k).  In  the  year  1186.  this  Robert  de  Bout- villin  dean  of  Fork  died  and  was  fucceeded  by  (l) HubertWaltcr.  Hubert  Walter ,  who  had  it  by  the  king’s  gift.  In  the  year  1189.  this  dean  oppofed the  ele&ion  of  Geofry  archbifhop  to  this  fee  of  Fork ,  and  appealed  to  Rome  againft  it. Whereupon  the  ecclefiaftical  jurifdiction  of  this  fee  returned  into  the  hands  of  himfelf,  be¬ ing  dean,  and  the  chapter  of  Fork  (m). Hubertus,  vocat.  Eboracenfis  eccl.  decanus ,  founded  the  abbey  of  Wejl-Dereham  in  Nor¬ folk  ;  where  he  was  born  (n).  In  the  year  1189.  he  was  confecrated  bilhop  of  Sarum\ and  attended  Richard  I.  in  his  famous  expedition  to  the  holy  land  (0).  Afterwards  arch¬ bifhop  of  Canterbury. Henry  Marfhal  Henry  Marjhall ,  brother  to  William  earl  Marjhall ,  archdeacon  of  Stafford ,  was  by  the king  preferred  to  the  deanry  of  the  church  of  Fork  ;  then  vacant  by  the  promotion  of Hubert  Walter ,  laft  dean,  to  the  bilhoprick  of  Sarum.  But  when  he  came  to  his  church he  found  none  to  inftall  him  into  his  new  dignity,  the  clergy  alledging  that  none  but  the archbifhop  himfelf  could  put  him  into  the  dean’s  flail.  However  Hamo ,  then  precentor (c)  In  the  original  regifter  of  F ountains.  See  the ftpptrulix.  In  a  charter  made  to  RanUtf  de  Giant 'tie  by Henry  II.  but  without  date,  T.  H.  decano  Eboracenft  is  a witnefs  to  it.  Maddox's  exchequer  p.  if.  y. (d)  T.  Stbbbs  bter  -x  ftript. .  (e)  MonaJi.AHg.  i.  510. (/)  Idem  742.' (g)  Sim.  It  unelm. (h)  Rog.  Hovedcn.  Rich.  Hagulft.  Sim.  Dunetm.  ht- fioria  if  ins  fc  defat,  nolentemtjue  et  maximt  rtluBantem  ad Altare  traxerunt.  Edit.  Bedford  p.  274. (»)  Torre  ex  reg.  alio  84. (*)  Monaft.  Ang.  vol.  III.  p.  1  50. (/)  R  Hweden. {m)  Idem. (a)  Monaft.  Ang.  vol.  II.  f  624. (o')  R.  Hovtden,  Ralph  de  Dime,  Goodwin  s  bifhop*. Ciiap.  III.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK. of  the  church,  fent  him  to  the  ftall  of  the  prebend  which  the  king  had  alfo  given  him.  Dean:,  of In  October  following  when  Geffry  elect  archbilhop  of  Tori  came  to  his  church,  and  wasYol>‘: received  with  great  proceffion,  he  denied  to  inftall  him  alfo,  till  fuch  time  as  his  overt election  was  confirmed  by  the  pope.  This  and  fome  other  affairs  brought  on  the  king’s difpleafure  againft  the  archbilhop,  as  may  be  feen  in  his  life  ;  and  Henry  the  dean  joined with  others  of  the  church,  in  an  appeal  to  Rome,  againft  the  eleftion  of  the  faid  Geffry to  the  fee.  But  fome  time  after,  the  prelate  being  reconciled  to  the  king,  the  dean, and  thofe  who  Tided  with  him,  releafed  their  appeals  againft  him  ;  and  then  the  arch- bifhop  confirmed  him  in  his  deanry,  and  promifed  to  put  his  archiepifcopal  feal  to  it  after his  confecration  ( o ). But  on  the  vigil  of  epiphany,  after,  a  greater  difference  arofe  betwixt  them ;  for  when  the faid  Geffry  eleft,  was  coming  to  church  to  hear  vefpers,  in  a  folemn  manner,  this  dean Henry  with  Buchard  the  treafurer  would  not  tarry  for  him,  but  began  the  fame  before  he got  into  the  choir,  being  attended  by  the  precentor  and  the  canons.  The  eleft  being  come into  the  church  he  was  angry  at  them  and  commanded  them  to  be  filent;  but  they,  in  con- tradiftion  to  him,  bad  their  choir  go  on,  which  at  the  command  of  the  eleft  and  pre¬ centor  was  fdent.  Then  the  eled  began  again  the  vefpers,  and  the  treafurer  ordered  all the  candles  to  be  put  out,  which  being  done  accordingly,  and  the  vefpers  at  an  end,  the eled  complained  to  God,  the  clergy  and  people  of  this  injury  done  him ;  and  fufpend- ed  them  and  their  church  from  celebration  of  divine  offices  till  they  made  him  fttisfadion. T  he  next  day,  being  the  feaft  of  Epiphany ,  all  the  citizens  came  to  the  cathedral  to  hear divine  fervice,  as  ufual ;  and  the  eled  himlelf  and  the  faid  dean  and  treafurer  were  in  the choir,  together  with  the  canons  of  the  church  to  make  peace  between  them.  But  the dean  arid  treafurer  would  make  the  eled  no  fttisfadion  for  their  tranfgreffion,  but  fpoke high  words  againft  him.  Whereupon  the  people  were  fo  provoked,  that  they  would  have fain  upon  them,  but  the  eled  would  not  permit  it.  But  they  were  both  fo  frightned  that they  fled  for  it,  the  one  to  St.  William' s  tomb,  for  fanduary,  and  the  other  to  his  deanry, The  eled  excommunicated  them  both  and  divine  fervice  ceafed  in  the  cathedral  (j> ). In  the  year  1191,  this  dean  Henry  was,  by  the  king’s  gift,  eleded  and  confecrated bilhop  of  Exeter  ;  where  having  fir  twelve  years  he  died  and  was  buried  in  that  church  ( q). Peter . brother  to  the  archbilhop  by  fair  Rofamond  his  mother,  had  this  deanry  then given  him  by  the  king,  which  was  vacant  by  the  promotion  of  Henry  Marjhall  laft  dean  to the  bifhoprick  of  Exeter.  But  becaufe  that  the  faid  Peter  was  then  at  Paris,  the  king defired  the  archbilhop  to  confer  the  faid  deanry  on  John  provoft  of  Doway,  but  the  pre° late,  through  the  advice  of  his  friends,  to  quit  himfelf  of  the  king’s  requeft  conferred  the deanry  on  his  clerk  Simon  de  Apulia. Afterwards  the  archbilhop  would  have  contradifted  his  aft,  telling  Simon  that  he  had  Simon* not  given  it  to  him,  but  in  cullody  to  the  ufe  of  Peter  his  brother;  yet  the  canons  of  Apulia. York,  exprefly  againft  the  mind  of  the  archbilhop,  unanimoufly  elefted  the  faid  Simon  to the  deanry.  The  prelate  on  the  other  hand  bellowed  the  dignity  on  one  fir  Philip  the king’s  clerk  and  his  familiar  friend  ;  from  whence  arofe  great  difeords  betwixt  the  metro¬ politan  and  his  canons. Another  accident  aggravated  this  matter  ;  it  feems  the  archbilhop  had  requefted  them to  give  the  fourth  part  of  their  revenues  towards  the  king’s  redemption,  then  prifoner in  Germany.  But  they  refufing  and  alledging  the  fame  to  be  a  fubverfion  of  the  liberties of  the  church,  the  archbilhop  hereupon  declared  the  deanry  vacant,  and  laid  the  dona¬ tion  thereof  belonged  to  him  as  archbilhop,  the  chapter  affirming  the  eleftion  thereunto was  their  right,  the  prelate  appealed  to  the  pope  and  the  king  for  juftice.  Notwithftand- mg  this  the  chapter  proceeded  in  their  eleftion  of  Simon  to  the  deanry,  who  immediately after  fee  out  to  find  the  king  in  Germany.  The  archbilhop  was  not  backward  in  the  affair but  fent  his  advocates  over  to  the  pope  to  profecute  his  appeal ;  who  were  to  make  Germa¬ ny  their  way  and  firll  acquaint  the  king  with  the  bufinefs.  Richard,  having  heard  the matter,  inhibited  both  parties  from  going  to  Rome  at  all ;  propofing  to  make  peace  be¬ twixt  them  himfelf  as  foon  as  poffible.  In  the  interim  the  canons  of  York,  fufpended  their church  from  celebration  of  divine  offices  and  ringing  of  bells,  making  bare  their  altars, and  fet  a  lock  upon  the  archbilhop’s  ftall  in  the  choir ;  and  alfo  another  in  the  paffage door  of  his  palace  to  the  church  ( r). In  Chrijhnas ,  1194,  the  archbilhop  came  ter  York,  and  finding  the  church  empty,  he appointed  minifters  in  it,  who  Ihould  folemnly  ferve  therein,  as  they  ought  to  do ;  till fuch  time  as  the  canons  and  their  chaplains  might  be  reftored  by  lay-power  and  force.  But the  four  majors  of  the  church,  who  had  been  excommunicated  by  the  archbilhop,  went over  to  the  king,  then  fet  at  liberty,  and,  having  obtained  his  liberty  palled  on  to  Rome , where  they  begged  the  pope  to  determine  their  caufe,  viz.  whether  the  donation  of  the deanry  belonged  to  the  archbilhop,  or  the  eleftion  to  the  chapter?  And,  faving  the  right (O)  John  Srmftm,  K .Hovidon.  (?)  R.  Hoveden,  Goodwin. (P)  R.  Hoveden.  ' —  tantue  ne  animit  celejlibm  irae.  (r)  R,  Hoveden. 7  D of 7 Toe  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. de.\*:  of  of  the  archbifhop  and  the  chapter  collated  and  confirmed  the  faid  Simon  and  inverted  him with  a  gold  ring. During  this  the  canons  of  York  complained  of  their  archbifhop  to  the  archbifhop  of  Can¬ terbury ,  then  the  king’s  jufticiary  who  fent  fir  Roger  Bygod  and  other  commiflioners  to hear  and  determine  the  controverfy.  Who  caufed  the  canons  to  be  placed  into  their  rtalls again  out  of  which  the  archbifliop  had  put  them. A  little  before  Michaelmas  that  year,  the  four  principal  mafters  of  the  church,  whereof this  dean  Simon  was  one,  arrived  from  Rome.  And  brought  with  them  letters  of  abfolu- tion,  as  well  from  their  excommunication  as  interdift  •,  which  were  read  and  denounced  by the  bilhop  of  Durham  in  the  great  church  at  York,  on  Michaelmas  day,  with  celebration of  mafs.  At  their  approaching  the  city,  there  went  out  to  meet  them  the  clergy  and citizens,  in  great  numbers,  and  when  the  new  dean  came  to  his  mother  church,  he  was received,  by  the  canons,  with  folemn  proceflion. In  the  year  1196,  the  king  fent  for  the  dean  and  canons  of  York  to  come  to  him  into Normandy ,  that  he  might  reconcile  them  to  the  archbifhop,  who  was  then  with  him. But  the  pre’ate  thought  fit  to  depart  from  thence  and  was  gone  to  Rome  before  they  ar¬ rived.  Nor  could  he  get  the  dean  and  chapter  to  ftand  to  any  award.  However  in  the next  reign,  and  the  firft  year  of  it,  both  the  archbifliop,  dean,  &c.  promiled  before  Peter de  Capua  .cardinal,  the  pope’s  legate  to  ftand  to  the  award  of  Hugh  bifhop,  and  Roger dean  of  Lincoln.  But  not  long  after  they  all  appeared  at  Wejlminjler  before  Herbert  bifhop of  Sarutn  and  Alain  abbot  of  Yettkejbury ,  the  pope’s  delegates  on  this  account,  who  agreed them  fo  far,  that  they  fhould  all  amongft  themfelves  make  fatisfaftion  for  all  controverfies to  the  chapter  of  York  ( r ). In  the  year  1202,  this  dean  Simon  obtained  for  his  church,  from  the  prior  and  canons of  Sr.  Andrew  in  Fjhergate ,  a  piece  of  ground  at  the  weft  end  of  the  cathedral. Some  time  after  he  was  confecrated  bifhop  of  Exeter ,  where  having  fat  eighteen  years he  died  and  was  buried  in  that  church  (s).  . Hamo . was  next  preferred  to  this  deanry  then  vacant  by  the  promotion  of  the Lift.  All  we  can  find  of  him  is,  that  he  was  a  witnefs  to  a  charter  made  by  the  abbot  of Fountains  to  Walter  archbifhop  of  York ,  of  the  church  of  Kyrkeby-ZJfeburne ,  dat.  kal.  M.ar~ tii  1217  (t). Roger  de  In-  Roger  de  Infula ,  or  L’ijle ,  was  nekt  eletfted  to  this  deanry  of  York. fula.  jn  the  year  ]•  22 1 ,  he,  by  the  confent  of  his  chapter,  made  the-  old  ftatutes  of  refidentia- charter,  granting  the  church  of  Topcliffe  to  the  ufe  of  the  fabrick  of  the  cathedral  (x). In  the  year  1235,  Gtffry  de  Norwich ,  precentor  of  this  church,  was  elected  and  con¬ firmed  into  the  deanry  of  Turk.  All  we  can  meet  with  about  him  is  that  he,  being  dean, fettled  lands  for  the  maintenance  of  a  chantry,  ordained  for  himfelf,  at  the  altar  of  St.  Ma¬ ry  Mazdctlene  in  the  vaults  of  the  Minfter  (y). .-I  .  » n- .  r  1  r  /ii  „ C  .tro.  rnivf  fit* /At*  A  f-hie  iiMnrw Fulk  Baflit.  Fulco  BaJJit ,  fecond  fon  to  Alain  lord  Bajfet  of  Wycombe,  was  next  elected  to  this  deanry of  York  anno  1240.  _ VI  jl  ur  n.  u/./iv  x  -ycj . In  the  lame  year,  he,  being  then  dean,  together  with  his  chapter,  confented  to  the  ordi¬ nation  of  the  vicaridges  of  Shereburn  and  Fenton  (z). Anno  1241,  he  was  primary  witnefs  to  archbifhop  Grey's  charter  of  fettlement  of  the manor  of  Bifhop-thorp  (a). Anno  1244,  he  was  confecrated  bifhop  of  London  •,  and  the  year  after  he  became  heir of  his  houfe,  his  elder  brother  dying  without  ifiue.  And  in  1258.  he  died  at  London  of the  plao-ue,  and  was  interred  in  St.  Paul's  cathedral  (b). In  the  year  1244,  one  William  .  .  .  .  fucceeded  to  this  deanry.  Our  records  mention no  more  of  him  than  this,  that  in  the  fame  year  this  William ,  with  his  chapter  granted  in- ftitution  to  the  vicaridge  of  Waghen  (c). Walter  de  Walter  de  Kyrkham  occurs  next  as  dean  of  York.  Of  whom  there  is  this  notice,  that Kyrkham.  Walter  de  Kyrkham ,  dec.  Ebor.  confented  to  the  donation  of  the  church  of  Bothelfton  to  the archdeaconry  of  Richmond  ( d ). Sewal  de  Bo-  dg  was  next  hefted.  And  in  the  year  1252,  he,  being  then  dean,  obtained V  ‘  the  archbifhop’s  ordinations  of  the  vicaridges  of  his  deanry,  Pocklington ,  Pickering  and  Kil- lum  (e). (r)  All  this  affair  is  tranflated  from  HoveJen,  but  he is  much  more  particular  in  it.  Vide  Hoveden  p.  416. &c. (x)  Torre  p.  S32*  ex  reS-  dbo  Mon.  Ang.  vol.  I.  p. 151. (r)  IVhurtoris  annal.  Wigorn. ( t )  Torre  f*  reg.  nlbo. (k)  Monajl.  Ang.  vol.  III.  p.  i6j. (v)  Torre  p-  tndem. (2)  Idem  ex  reg.  alio. (a)  Monuft  Ang.  vol.  Ill  !$7* \b)  Dug.  Bar  .Goodwin. (c)  Torre  p.  5 33- (d)  Idem. (ej  Idem. Four Chap. III.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK.  5:63 •  Four  years  after  he  fucceeded  Walter  Grey  in  the  archbifhoprick  of  York.  Where  fee  Deans  of more  of  him.  _  >  York. Godfrey  de  Ludham ,  alias  Keinlon ,  was  defied  in  the  year  1256.  to  this  deanry,  then  va-  Godfrey  d« cant  by  the  promotion  of  Sewal  to  the  fee.  The  pope,  however,  put  in  a  bar  to  this  man’s  Ludham. claim,  and  bellowed  the  dignity  on  one  'Jordan  an  Italian  who  clandellinely  took  pof- felTion  of  the  dean’s  flail.  But  at  length  this  llranger,  being  made  very  uneafy  in  his  place by  the  archbifhop,  refigned  it,  and  accepted  of  a  penfion  of  one  hundred  marks  a  year  (f). After  two  years  enjoyment  of  his  office  Godfrey ,  upon  the  death  of  Sewal ,  was  promoted  to the  archbifhoprick  and  fo  fucceedcd  him  in  both. Roger  de  Holder nefs,  vel  Sbefflings ,  clerk  of  St.  Albans  occurs  next  by  the  authority  of  R0aer  dcHol- M.  Paris ,  in  the  year  125S.  But  we  have  no  other  teflimpny  of  it.  dernefs. William  de  Langton  was  defied  to  this  deanry  anno  1263,  lays  Mr.  Torre,  who  finds  him  William  de a  witnefs  that  year  and  fubfcribing  firll,  as  dean,  to  the  ordination  of  a  chantry  in  the  ca-LanSton- thedral.  The  next  year  he  was  elected  archbifhop,  but  had  his  eleflion  cafiated  by  the pope.  He  continued  dean  till  the  year  1279,  when  he  died  and  was  buried  in  the  cathe¬ dral  near  the  clock-houfe.  His  tomb,  finely  inlayed  with  brafs,  and  gilt  w>th  gold,  flood entire  till  the  rebellion  ;  when  facrilegious  hands  defaced  and  broke  it  to  pieces.  The  mi- ferable  remains  are  yet  to  be  feen  in  the  choir,  and  his  epitaph,  the  oldefl  in  the  church, very  legible.  See  the  plate. On  Langton' s  death  Robert  de  Scardeburgb  archdeacon  of  the  eafl  riding  was  defied  and  Robert  dc admitted  dean-,  for  on  Monday  the  feafl  of  All  faints,  anno  1279,  he  had  his  eleflion,  Scardeburg- fays  Mr.  Torre,  confirmed  to  him.  He  died  in  the  year  1290,  as  the  fame  author  writes, for  adminiftration  of  his  goods  was  then  granted  to  his  executors  (g). Henry  Newark ,  archdeacon  of  Richmond,  was  next  defied,  confirmed  and  inflalled  into  Henry  de this  deanry,  on  the  feafl  of  St.  Barnabas  in  the  year  1290.  Six  years  after  he  was  defied  Newark, into  this  archiepifcopal  fee  ;  where  you  may  find  more  of  him. After  a  vacancy  of  four  years  William  de  Hamelton ,  archdeacon  of  York,  was  defied  William  de dean.  It  feems  the  pope  had  bellowed  it  on  an  Italian  cardinal  ;  but  he,  at  lafl,  refigning  Hameltou- this  William  was  confirmed  September  3,  1300. This  man  being  parfon  of  the  church  of  Brayton,  appropriated  the  fame  to  his  own archdeaconry  of  York.  He  alfo  anno  1302,  gave  certain  lands  for  the  maintenance  of  his  new founded  chantry  in  the  church  of  Brayton,  for  him  and  his  fucceffors,  deans  of  York.  As likewife  the  church  of  Broddefworth  for  the  fame  ufe  (h). January  16,  1305.  32  Edward  I.  This  William  de  Hamelton  had  the  great  feal  delivered £0  him  as  lord  chancellor  of  England  (i). He  continued  dean  of  this  church  till  the  year  1314,  when  he  dyed,  as  Mr.  Torre writes,  in  the  king’s  debt.  The  royal  precept  about  it  was  direfled  to  the  dean  and chapter  and  bears  date  May  6,  1314.  an.  reg.  Ed.  II.  7. Anno  1300.  Reginald,  de  Gote,  Mr.  Willis  calls  him  Reymondde  la  Goth,  cardinalis  diaconus,  Reginald  de was  next  promoted  to  this  deanry  of  York  by  the  pope’s  authority  I  fuppofe  -,  but  he  did  Gote. not  enjoy  it  long,  for  the  next  year  he  died  and  was  fucceeded  by Willi  am  Pickering,  archdeacon  of  Nottingham,  he  lived  but  two  years  in  his  dignity  when  William  Pic- he  died,  and  kering. Robert  Pickering,  his  brother,  profeffor  of  the  civil  law,  was  defied  and  inflalled  into  R0bcrt  picke- it.  This  dean  founded  the  hofpital  of  St.  Mary  in  Bootham ,  and  gave  the  patronage  ring, thereof  to  his  fucceffors  forever.  He  lived  to  the  year  1332,  when William  de  Colby  fucceeded  by  the  pope’s  provifional  bull,  and  he  was  indufted  ac-William  de cordingly.  On  Friday  after  the  feafl  of  St.  Leonard ,  anno  1333,  this  William  de  Colby  made  Colby, his  will,  gave  his  foul  to  God  Almighty,  St.  Mary  and  All-faints,  and  his  body  to  be  bu¬ ried  in  the  church  of  St.  Peter  Ebor. The  fame  year,  1 3 3 William  de  la  Zouch  fucceeded  to  the  deanry.  In  the  year  1340,  william  de  la he  was  elefled  by  the  canons  archbifhop.  Where  fee  more  of  him.  Zouch. Here  is  a  gap  of  a  confiderable  fpace,  for  no  fucceffor  to  the  lafl  occurs  till  the  year  Philip  de 1347,  when  Philip  de  Wcflon ,  Mr.  Torre  writes,  exhibited,  by  his  proxy,  the  king’s  let-Wel*on- ters  on  his  behalf  to  be  elefled  to  this  deanry  of  York.  And  Augujl  24.  that  year  he  was admitted  dean  both  by  the  king’s  and  archbifhop’s  letters.  What  year  he  died  we  know not,  but  the  next  that  occurs  is Talyrandos  de  Pelagoricis  cardinal,  whom  Mr.  Willis  fays,  the  pope  thrufl  into  this  deanry,  Talyrand  dc and  outed  Wejlon.  The  fame  author  adds,  that  he  enjoyed  it  till  he  died,  which  happened  Pata£oricis- in  the  year  1366,  and  then Johannes  Anglicus  fanEl.  Roman,  ecc.  prejb .  cardinalis,  by  virtue  of  the  pope’s  letters,  Johannes  An- was  by  proxy  admitted  to  this  deanry.  He  was  on  May  1,  1381.  deprived  by  the  pope,Sllcus‘ and (f)  Goodwin  de  praefkl.  in  notes,  I  (hall  tell  him  at  once  that  the  next  accounts (s)  Torre  p.  555.  are  taken  wholly  from  Mr.  Tom’s  and  Mr.  Willis's  au- (h)  Idem.  thoritics. ( i)  To  fave  the  reader  and  my  felf  any  more  trouble Adam-, 564 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookII. De Yor Richard  Clif¬ ford. ThomasLon; Icy. of  Adam ,  called  in  the  Foed.  Aug.  Eajlon ,  S.  Ceciliae prejh.  card,  was  admitted  in  his  place. ^  r,,jon  was  likewife  deprived,  which  made  way  for EdmuncM  ”n  Edmond  de  Strafford ,  doctor  of  laws  and  canon  of  Lincoln  to  be  eledled  and  confirmed Strafford.  to  this  deanry.  Anno  1 395,  he  was  made  bifliop  of  Exeter. Roger  Walden  Roger  Walden,  treafurer  of  Callais,  was  next  preferred  to  this  deanry,  anno  1 395,  fays Willis ;  he  is  faid  to  have  rofe  from  a  very  low  degree  to  be  made  fecretary  to  kino- Richard  II,  and  in  the  year  1396.  was  conflicted  lord  treafurer  of  England.  He  was afterwards,  viz.  anno  1398,  by  the  pope  advanced  to  the  archbifhoprick  of  Canterbury. After  him  came  Richard  Clifford  batchelor  of  laws,  he  was  keeper  of  the  king’s  privy feal,  and  by  his  donation,  who  at  that  time  had  the  temporalities  of  the  fee  in  his  hands, confirmed  dean  of  York.  And  June  20,  1398.  he  was  admitted  in  proper  perl'on  by  the cullomary  tradition  of  a  book,  bread,  UV.  In  the  year  1401.  he  was  confecrated  bifhop of  Worcejler. Thomas  Longley  prefb.  canon  of  York ,  having  been  elected,  was  by  proxy,  January  25, anno  1401.  admitted  to  this  deanry,  and  was  inverted  in  proper  perfon  Augujl  8,  1403. This  was  a  perfon  whom  John  duke  of  Lancajler  fo  much  confided  in,  that  he  nomi¬ nated  him  in  his  will  one  ol  his  eighteen  executors.  He  was  alfo  one  of  the  executors to  the  will  of  Walter  Skirlaw  bifhop  of  Durham.  In  the  year  1405,  he  was  confli¬ cted  lord  high  chancellor  of  England  ,  and  the  year  after  confecrated  bifhop  of  Durham. John  Prophete  John  Prophete,  canon  of  York,  on  the  pope’s  collation  was  by  proxy  Apr v7  1,  1407,  ad¬ mitted  to  this  deanry  ,  and  March  23,  1408,  he  was  admitted  in  proper  perfon. London,  Aprils,  1416,  this  John  Prophete  dean  of  York,  made  his  will,  proved  May  4,  fol¬ lowing,  whereby  he  gave  his  foul  to  God,  and  his  body  to  be  buried  in  the  church  oi  Leighton Buzard,  or  in  his  church  of  Ringwood,  if  he  chanced  to  die  within  the  province  of  Can¬ terbury  or,  if  he  died  in  the  north,  then  either  to  be  buried  in  the  cathedral  of  York,  or his  parochial  church  of  Pocklinglon.  In  his  will  alfo  he  bequeathed  one  hundred  Ihillings a  piece  to  his  nieces  Elizabeth  Deigncourt  and  Margery  Edolf  to  pray  for  his  foul,  and  to Mr.  Bryan  Fairfax  a  filver  cup  with  a  cover. Thomas  Pol-  Thomas  Polton  prefb.  lucceeds  next,  anno  1416,  Mr.  Willis  fays,  that  he  was,  anno  1420, ton-  promoted  to  the  fee  of  Hereford. William  Grey.  William  Grey  LI..  D.  was  next  eledted  and  confirmed  dean  on  the  laft  of  May  1421. In  the  year  1426.  he  was  made  bifhop  of  London. Robert  Gilbert  prefb.  S.  T.  P.  occurs  next  in  the  catalogue.  He  was  warden  of  Mer¬ ton  college  Oxon,  and  was  elected  by  the  chapter,  and  confirmed  to  this  deanry  Septem¬ ber  15,  1426.  In  the  year  1436,  he  was  advanced  to  the  bifhoprick  of  London  ;  andfuc- ceeded  by WilliamFelter.  William  Feller,  dodtor  of  decretals,  who  was  admitted  dean  Marche,  1437.  He  died dean  of  this  place  April  18,  1451,  as  appears  by  his  epitaph  -,  which  fee  amongft  the,  now, loft  inferiptions  in  the  middle  choir  of  the  cathedral. Richard  Andrew ,  dodtor  of  laws,  was  by  the  chapter  eledted,  and  in  his  proper  perfon admitted  dean  June  .  .  1454.  On  the  6th  of  May  14 77,  he  refigned  his  deanry  and  died loon  after,  and  was  buried  in  the  fouth  crofs  of  the  cathedral,  but  his  epitaph  is  loft. Mr.  Torre  has  given  us  an  abftradtof  his  will  proved  November  5,  1477. Robert  Bothe,  dodtor  of  laws,  fucceeded  Andrews  in  this  deanry.  He  died  in  this  office anno  1487,  as  appears  by  his  epitaph  which  was  on  his  grave  ftone  in  the  fouth  crofs  of the  Minfler,  which  fee.  Mr.  Torre  has  alfo  abftradted  his  will. ChriJlopherUrJlwyk,  dodtor  of  decretals  came  in  upon  the  death  of  the  former  ■,  admitted May  25,  1 48  8.  This  man  was  employed  in  many  affairs  of  ftate,  and  enjoyed  a  number of  ecclefiaftical  preferments,  which  Newcourt  particularizes.  He  refigned  his  deanry  of York,  and  was  fucceeded  by William  Sheffield,  who  was  eledled  and  confirmed  dean  penult.  Mail  1494  •,  he  fat  but two  years  in  his  office,  died  and  was  buried  in  the  fouth  crofs  of  the  cathedral.  His  tomb was  laid  open,  on  the  removal  of  the  old  pavement,  where  his  body  had  been  lain  in  a ftone  coffin  arrayed  in  a  filken  habit,  wrought  about  the  borders  with  texts  of  feripture in  gold  letters,  and  adorned  with  fringe.  Part  of  the  habit,  with  the  foies  of  his  rnoes, were  taken  out  and  laid  in  the  veftry.  This  place  of  his  lepulture  is  marked  in  the  old ichnography  of  the  church,  and  his  epitaph  may  be  feen  amongft  thofe  in  that  part of  it. Geoffiy Blythe  Geoffry  Blythe,  S.  T.  B.  comes  next,  for  he  was  eledted  and  confirmed  dean  March  22, 1496.  In  the  year  1503,  he  was  made  bifhop  of  Litchfield. Chriftopher  Bainbridge,  dodtor  of  laws  had  his  election  next  confirmed  to  the  deanry  of York  in  the  year  1503.  But  four  years  alter  he  was  promoted  to  the  fee  of  Durham,  and next  to  the  archbilhoprick  of  York. James  Harrington  prelb.  was  eledled  and  inftalled  to  this  deanry,  Jan.  29,  1507,  then vacant.  He  died  in  Decern.  1512.  inteftate-,  for  adminiftration  of  his  goods  were  granted by  the  chapter  to Robert  G: bert. Richard  An¬ drew. Chriftopher Urftwyk. William  Shef¬ field. Chriftopher Bainbrigg. James  Har¬ rington. Thomas Chap.  III.  CHURCH  j^YORK.  ydy Thomas  Wolfey  his  fucceflor,  who  was  eleCted  Feb.  19.  the  fame  year.  Anno  1514,  he  Deans  of was  made,  from  hence,  bifhop  of  Lincoln.  Tho "wolft John  Young ,  LL.  D.  fucceeded,  being  admitted  May  15,  1514.  He  died  and  wasj0^y0Jngf* buried  in  the  Rolls-chapel ,  London ,  under  a  handfome  monument  bearing  this  infcription, SDominus  firmamentum  mcum.  Joh.  Young,  HU.  ooctoji  facro^um  fcrmiorum,  ac  fiu* jus  oomus  cuffooi,  oecano  olim  Ebor.  fcita  Defuncta  26,  1516,  fui  fioeles  ejreeuto?cs fjoc  pofuerunt. Brian  Higden ,  LL.  D.  occurs  next  as  dean,  being  admitted  June  21,  1516.  He  go-  Brian  Higden. verned  the  church  feveral  years,  and  lies  buried  in  the  fouth  crofs  of  the  cathedral ;  the place  is  marked  in  the  old  ichnography  •,  the  monument  is  defaced,  but  a  draught  of  it was  preferved  with  the  epitaph  ;  and  I  refer  the  reader  to  the  plate  of  it. Richard  Layton ,  doCtor  of  laws,  was  admitted  dean  on  the  death  of  the  former,  and  Richard  Lay- was  admitted  in  proper  perfon  June  25,  1539.  This  man  was  one  of  the  five  perfonston- whom  Cromwell  made  general  vifitor  of  the  monafteries  in  this  kingdom,  before  their  dif- folution.  This  induced  him,  fays  Mr.  Willis ,  to  pawn  the  jewels  of  his  church,  which were  redeemed  after  his  death  by  order  of  the  chapter.  He  died  beyond  fea  anno  1 544, where  he  was  employed  on  fome  ftate  affairs. Nicholas  Wootton ,  doCtor  of  laws,  dean  of  Canterbury ,  and  the  king’s  ambafiador  to  the  Nicholas emperor,  was  next  admitted  to  this  deanry  Auguft  7,  1544.  For  his  good  fervices  done  'Vootton- to  the  crown,  he  was  fo  much  refpeCled  by  king  Henry  VIII.  that  he  made  him  one  of  the executors  to  his  will  •,  and  left  him  a  legacy  of  three  hundred  pound.  He  died  in  the year  1567,  and  was  buried  at  Canterbury.  Having  been,  at  the  lame  time  dean  of  both cathedrals,  and  doCtor  of  both  laws,  and  privy  councellorto  king  Henry  VIII.  Edward  VI. queen  Mary  and  queen  Elizabeth. Matthew  Hutton ,  S.  T.  P.  fucceeded,  and  was  inftalled  into  the  office  May  ii,  1567.  Matthew In  the  year  1589,  he  was  promoted  to  the  fee  of  Durham  and  afterwards  to  York.  Hutton. John  Yhornborough ,  S.  T.  P.  comes  next,  and  was  admitted  November  7 ,  1589.  He  was  John  Thorn- afterwards  made  bifhop  of  Limerick  in  Ireland  j  from  thence  tranflated  to  Brijlol  with  liber-  borough- ty  to  hold  this  deanry  in  commendam  \  which  he  held  till  his  tranflation  to  Worcejler.  And then  upon  his  refignation George  Mention,  doCtor  of  divinity,  fucceeded  March  27,  1617.  Hedied  December  23,  George  Meri- 1624,  and  lies  buried  in  the  fouth  choir  of  the  cathedral,  with  a  plain  epitaph  on  his  grave- ton. ftone  ;  which  fee. John  Scot ,  S.  T.  P.  was  next  elected,  confirmed  and  inftalled  to  this  deanry  Feb.  3,  John  Scot. 1624.  How  he  got  this  dignity  is  intimated  in  Hatchet's  life  of  archbifhop  Williams,  who tells  us  that  he  died  in  the  Fleet-prifon  London ,  anno  1644.  On  his  death Richard  Marjh ,  S.  T.  P.  was,  as  our  writers  intimate,  nominated,  but  not  regularly  Richard  Mai lh prefented,  to  it,  till  July  25,  1660.  He  was  inftalled  Augufl  20,  following.  And  dying October  23,  1663,  he  was  buried  in  the  fouth  choir  of  the  cathedral,  without  any  mo¬ nument. William  Sancroft ,  S.  T.  P.  afterwards  archbifhop  of  Canterbury ,  was  nominated  June 23,  w‘U'ara  San~ and  inftalled  26,  1 663.  He  quitted  this  deanry  for  that  of  St.  Paul's  in  London ,  and  was  crott- fucceeded  by Robert  Hitch ,  who  was  inftalled  into  it  March  8,  1664.  Hedied  February  13,  1 676,  Robert  Hitch, at  Guifeley ,  in  this  county,  and  was  buried  in  that  church.  Mr.  Torre  fays,  this  dean  left a  perfonal  eftate  of  twenty  four  thoufand  pound. Tobias  Wickam,  S.  T.  P.  admitted  March  1,  1676,  and  inftalled  the  31 ft  of  the  fameTho.  wick- month.  He  died  April  27,  1697,  and  was  buried  in  the  cathedral  behind  the  high  altar,  ham. without  any  monument. Thomas  Gale ,  S.  T.  P.  was  admitted  dean  of  this  church  September  16,  1697.  Of  whom  Thomas  Gale, and  his  many  learned  and  ufeful  books,  fee  an  account  in  Collier's  dictionary.  He  was  a great  ornament  to  this  particular  church  whilft  he  lived,  and  was  an  univerfal  lofs  to  the learned  world  when  he  died.  The  co.mpafs  of  my  defign  will  not  allow  me  to  run  into any  further  encomiums  of  this  truly  great  man  i  whofe  lofs  would  have  been  irreparable, did  not  the  father’s  genius  ftill  fubfift  in  the  fon.  When  I  mention  Roger  Gale  efq-,  the world  muft  know  that  it  is  greatly  indebted  to  him  for  fome  curious  and  ufeful  books  of his  own  publifhing,  and  for  feveral  notable  difeoveries  in  Roman  antiquities,  which adorn  the  works  of  others.  The  dean  died  April  8,  1702,  and  was  buried  in  the  cathe¬ dral,  middle  choir,  with  an  epitaph  on  his  grave-ftone;  which  fee. Henry  Finchs  A.  M.  brother  to  the  then  earl  of  Nottingham ,  fucceeded.  He  was  admit-  yenry Finch, ted  May  22,  and  inftalled  June  13,  1702.  He  governed  the  church,  very  honourably, fomewhat  more  than  twenty  fix  years,  and  died  September  8,  1728.  His  further  character I  leave  to  the  epitaph  on  his  monument. Richard  OJbaldefion ,  S.  T.  P.  the  prefent  dean,  was  admitted  November  8,  1728.  Richard  Of- baldefton. 7  E  The JJ4 "The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES Book  II. The  PR  EC  ENTOR. Office. Oath. Revenue. The  dignity  of  the  precentor,  or  chantor,  was  founded  in  this  church  by  archbilhop Thomas  I.  in  the  reign  of  the  conquerour.  To  his  office  does  belong  firft. The  inftallment  of  every  perfbn,  who  by  the  dean  and  chapter  is  inverted  into  any  dig¬ nity,  canonlhip,  parfonage  or  office  in  the  church. 2.  The  government  of  the  choir  in  fuch  matters  as  relate  to  the  Tinging,  or  mufical part  of  it. 3.  On  double  feftivals  to  order  the  antiphonies  upon  the  pfalms ,  alfo  in  vefpers  and mattins  both  on  grand  or  leffer  days. 4.  Toprefent  to  the  archbifhop  when  he  celebrates  mafs  the  antiphony,  pfalms,  mag¬ nificat,  benedicfts  and  gaudies. 5.  To  officiate  in  a  filken  cope  on  the  left  hand  of  the  archbilhop  when  he  goes  to  the altar  to  offer  incenfe,  as  the  dean  is  to  ferve  on  the  right. 6.  To  confer  on  Tinging  men  their  places  in  the  fchools  ;  and  to  hear  and  determine  their caufes,  leaving  the  execution  thereof  to  the  dean  and  chapter. By  the  precentor’s  oath  he  is  bound  to  obferve  all  the  ftatutes,  ordinances  and  cuftoms of  the  church.  To  obey  all  the  lawful  and  canonical  mandats  of  the  dean  and  chapter, or  their  minifters.  To  obferve  the  ordination  and  decree  made  by  archbilhop  Thomas , about  the  union  or  annexation  of  the  prebend  of  Driffield  to  the  precentorfhip. The  particular  rents  belonging  to  this  dignity  are  thus  enumerated  by  Mr.  Torre  ( k ). 1.  s.  d. Parky  Ufeburn Waddington Gowle Heftington Tadcajler 2 1  00  00 05  05  04 00  10  00 02  02  00 01  16  08 3° The  prebend  of  Driffield  was,  anno  1485,  annexed  to  the  preeentorfhipT^ by  archbifhop  Rotheramy  whofe  old  valuation  was  y  2 For  non-refidence  he  fhall  lofe  the  profits  of  Driffield. Valuation  in  the  king’s  books, The  firft  fruits  with  the  aforefaid. Prebend _ _ 89 Tenths _ _ 08 Subfidies — 08 14 00 10 >9 00 00 00 10 00 00 Anno j  1 . . 118. 12 . . 12  .. 123. 124. 125. 126  . 1282 1289 1312 *3*7 1320 1 321 I332 1335 1349 i35i 1364 1365 I37° I37i A  CATALOGUE  of  the  PRECENTORS  of  York, Gilbert. William  de  Augo. Hamo Reginald  Arundel. Golf  rid  de  Norwich. Walter. Simon  de  Evejham. William  de  Pajfemere. Robert  de  Winton. Hugh  de  Cantelupe. John  Roman e. William  de  Corneys. Peter  de  Rofs, Thomas  Cobham. Robert  de  Valoignes. Thomas  de  Bert  on. William  de  Alburwyke. Robert  de  Naffington. Rob.  de  Pdtrington  alias  Thurgatis. Simon  de  Bekynham. Hugo  de  Wymondefwold. Nicholas  de  Cave. Adam  de  JLbor. Henry  de  Barton. Hugh  de  Wymondefwold  again. Anno 1 379  Roger  de  Ripon. 1379  William  de  Kexby. 1410  John  Barrel. 1410  Bryan  Fairfax. 1436  John  Selow. 1439  Robert  Dobbes. 1447  John  C aft  ell. 1 460  John  Gifburgh. 1481  William  de  Eure. 1493  William  de  Beverley. 1494  Hugh  Fro  tier. 1495  John  Hert. 1496  William  Langlon. 1 503  Martin  Collyns. 1 5 1 9  John  Perrotte. 1519  Thomas  Linacre . 1522  Richard  Wyatt. 1 534  William  Holgill . 1 53  8  William  Clyffe. 15  39  Edward  Kellelt. 1 545  Nicholas  Everard. 1 574  John  Rokeby. 1613  John  Gib/on ,  knt. 1613  Henry  Banks. 1 6 1 5  John  Brook. (*)  Pag.  576. 1616 Chap. HI.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK. Anno 1616 John  Favour. Anno 1661 Robert  Sorefby. 1623 Henry  Hooke. 1685 Thomas  Comber. 1624 Rich.  Palmer. 169 . James  Fall. 1631 George  Stanhope. 1711 John  Richardfon. 1660 Toby  Wickham. 1735 J argues  Sterne. 1660 Thomas  Harwood. The  CHANCELLOR  of  the CHURCH. The  cbancdlorfhip  of  this  cathedral  church  was  founded  by  Thomas  I.  a  little  before  the dean  and  prebends  were  by  him  appointed.  This  office  is  the  next  in  dignity  to  the  pre- centorfhip. The  chancellor,  anciently  termed  mafter  of  thefchmls(l),  ought  to  be  mafter  all'o  in  divi-<#<. nity ;  and  an  aftual  reader  according  to  the  cuftom  of  the  church.  He  hath  the  collation  of all  the  grammar  fchools ;  and  ought  to  preach  on  the  firft  Sunday  in  Advent,  on  Septuagefima, Sunday,  and  at  the  clergy’s  fynods.  He  alfo  ffiould  affign  days  for  others  to  preach  in  du¬ ring  that  feafon.  To  him  belongs  the  coftody  of  the  leal  of  citations  ;  alfo  the  making  up chronologies  concerning  all  remarkable  occurrences  which  relate  to  the  church.  To  him, and  the  fub-chantor,  belongs  the  licencing  of  readers,  entring  their  names  in  the  tables,  and hearing  them  read  at  the  veftry-door.  Alfo  to  affign  what  leftions  the  readers  are  to  read on  double  feftivals. The  rents  peculiar  to  this  office  are  thus  fet  down  :  g  s  ^ The  church  of  Acclajn,  cum  membris - -  1306081?,™. The  church  of  IVaghen  - ■  - -  - -  —  2Q  00  08 33  ^7  O/j Which  fum  was  the  old  valuation  of  the  chancellorlhip  by  it  felf  confidered  ;  but  anno 1484,  the  prebend  of  Laghton  en  la  Morthing  was  appropriated  to  this  dignity  by  archbi- Ihop  Rotheram.  The  valuation  uncertain.  For  non.refidence  he  lhall  lofe  the  profits  of Laghton. The  valuation  of  the  chancellorfhip  in  the  king’s  books. Firft -fruits Tenths Subfidies l.  s.  d. 85  06  08 8  10  08 7  12  00 A  CATALOGUE  of  the  CHANCELLORS  of  this  church. Anno Symon  de  Apulia. Anno 1452 Thomas  Gafcoignc . 12  .  . John  de  Saint  Laurence. i45i William  Morton . 12  . . Rich,  de  Cornwall. 1466 Tho.  Chandler. 124  . John  Blund. 1490 Will.  Lang  ton. 1270 William  Wickwane. J495 Will,  de  Melton. 12  79 Thomas  Coii>ett. 1528 Henry  Tr afford. 1290 Symon. 1537 Galfrid  Downes.  ' 1290 Thomas  de  Wakefield. 1561 Richard  Barnes . 12  97 Rob.  de  Riplmgham. I571 Will.  Palmer. i332 William  de  Alburwyk. 1605 Will.  Goodwin. 1349 Symon  de  Bekyngham. 161 6 Rhine  as  Hodgfon. Tho.  Clutterbuck. 1369 Tho.  de  Farnelctve. 1660 1379 John  de  Sh'trebutne . 1660 Chrifl.  Stones. 1410 John  de  Rykynghale. 1687 John  Covel . 1426 John  Ejlcmcrt. 1722 Dan.  Waterland. 1427 John  Kexby. rise  TREASURER. The  treafurerfhip  in  this  cathedral  church  is  the  laft  of  the  four  great  dignitaries ;  but  was equal  in  value  with  the  firft.  This  office  had  Iikewife  its  foundation  by  the  aforefaid  prelate of  this  fee,  Thomas  the  firft. To  the  office  of  the  treafurer  did  belong  the  cuftody  of  the  church,  and  cognizance  to  office. hear  and  determine  all  excefles  committed  therein.  Except  they  be  done  in  the  choir,  and then  their  corrections  belong  to  the  dean  and  chapter.  This  officer  ought  to  find  lights  and candles  to  burn  in  the  choir  at  the  great  altar,  and  on  our  lady’s  altar,  on  fpecial  anniverfary days.  With  other  lights  of  daily  ufe  in  the  church  elfewhere.  He  ought  to  find  coals,  and fa-lt  for  the  holy  water.  To  repair  the  copes  and  veftments  belonging  to  the  church,  and to  provide  new  ones  as  need  Shall  require.  To  provide  hangings  for  the  choir  and  pulpit. (l)  Mtgifler  fcholkrum.  See  Newport's  repertorium. and 5  6  8 0.1th. Hrvenues. Dijfolution. SHDtreafurer. the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. and  other  ornaments  of  the  church.  To  find  bread  and  wine  for  all  mafles  celebrated  in the  church,  and  at  other  communions  at  Eafter.  To  find  bell-ropes  and  other  necefiaries about  the  bells,  as  works  of  brafs,  iron,  wood,  (Ac.  Excepting  the  new  founding  of  the bells,  and  other  new  work  about  them,  which  appertains  to  the  chapter  in  common? The  ancient  oath  of  the  treafurer  was  faithfully  to  keep  and  obferve  the  lawful  cuftoms of  the  church.  Defend  its  liberties  to  the  utmoft  of  his  power.  To  keep  inviolably  the  fe- crets  of  the  chapter  ;  and  to  conferve  and  fupport  all  burdens  of  the  church  according  to  the quality  of  the  benefice  which  he  either  hath  or  fhall  have  in  the  fame  ;  when  it  fhalfbe,  by the  chapter  required. I  he  particular  lands  and  other  rents  belonging  to  the  treafurerfhip  are  thus  accounted  for by  Mr.  Torre ,  though  the  certain  fums  of  moll  of  them  are  now  unknown, /.  r.  d. Alne,  cum  membris ,  — Broughton,  cum  membris , Acombe,  cum  membris. Ncwthorpe  preb.  cum  membris. "Wilton  preb.  cum  membris. Rypon. Wyverthorp. 23  06  08 Laundefburg. i 3  06  08 Clerc. Staynton. 30  13  04 WTigginton. Skelton. York  city. Cliffton,  juxta  Ebor. The  ancient  valuation  of  this  treafuryfhip  was  accounted  at In  the  king’s  books.  Firfl  fruits  - - Tenths  — —  - /.  s.  d. 233  06  08 220  00  00 23  06  08 A  LIST  of  the  TREASURERS  of  York. Anno 11.. Radulphus. 11.. William  Fitzherbert. 1 141 Hugh  Pudfey. 1 186 John. Bucardus  de  Puteaco. 1 196 Euflachius. 12  .  . Hamo. 12  . . William. 1239 William  de  Rutherfeld. 1241 Robert  Hagett. 125. John  Mancel. 126 . Henry. 126 . John  le  Romane. 1265 Edmund  Mortimer. 127. Nicholas  de  Well. 127. Bego  Fairfax  vel  de  Clare. 1281 John  Columna. 1297 Theobald  de  Barr. 1303 Francis  de  Millan. 1306 Walter  de  Bedewynde. 1328 William  de  la  Mare. 1329 Walter  de  Yarwell. >33° William  de  la  Mare. Anno 1335  Francis  de  Filiis  Urfi. 1332  John  de  Wynewycks. 1360  Henry  de  Barton. 1 3  60  John  de  Branktree. 1 3  74  John  de  Clyfford. 1375  Rob.  Cardinalis. 1380  John  Clyfford. 1393  John  de  Newton. 1414  Richard  Pitts. 1415  John  de  Nottyngham. 1418  Thomas'1  Haxey. 1425  Robert  Gilbert. 1426  Robert  Wolveden. 1432  John  Bermyngham. 1457  John  Bothe. 1 459  John  Pakengam. 1477  Thomas  Portington. 1485  William  Sheffield. 1 494  Hugh  T rotter. 1 503  Martyn  Collyns. 1 509  Robert  Langton. 1514  Lancelot  Collynfon. 1538  William  Clyffe. May  26,  1547,  the  laft  named  William  Clyffe  refigned  this  dignity  to  king  Edw.  6.  with all  its  demefnes,  manors,  rights,  members  and  appurtenances,  with  the  advowfons  of  all  its churches,  vicarages,  chapelries,  (Ac.  A  caption  whereof  was  taken  and  recognized  June  1. following,  by  the  faid  Dr.  Cliff ,  before  fir  Edward  North  chancellor,  afterwards  ratified  by archbifhop  Holgate ,  and  laftly  confirmed  by  Dr.  Wotton  dean,  and  the  chapter  of  York , July  8,  1547. The  office  of  fub-treafurerfhip  fell  with  the  former ;  whofe  duty  it  was  to  provide  fa- crills  and  other  officers  to  do  the  fervile  offices  of  the  church,  as  opening  the  doors,  ringing of  bells  and  cleaning  it,  blowing  the  organs,  (Ac.  For  which  the  treafurer  ufually  paid  him a  falary  of  fifty  marks. Both  thefe  offices  became  early  extinct  in  this  church,  and  the  reafon  given  for  diflolving them  is  an  unanfwerable  one,  viz. Abrepto  omni  thefauro ,  deflit  thefaurarii  munus. Having  given  fome  account  of  the  four  principal  dignitaries  of  this  cathedral,  I  ffiould next  proceed  to  the  reft  of  the  ecclefiaftical  officers,  as  fub-deans,  fub-chantors  or  fuccentors, archdeacons,  canons  or  prebends,  vicars  choral,  parfons  or  chantry-priefts ;  which  are drawn Chap.  III.  of  the  CHURCH  j/ YORK.  56? drawn  o'it  by  Mr.  Torre,  whole  prodigious  induftry  has  carried  him  through  all  the  inferior offices  which  are  now,  or  have  been,  in  the  church.  But  this  would  a  lie  a  large  volume  or itfclf »  and  fince  the  archdeacons  and  prebendaries  of  our  cathedral  have  been  lately  published by  Mr  Wilis  (m),  I  have  lefsoccafion  to  take  notice  of  them  here.  It  will  be  needfary, however,  to  give  a  Ihdrt  account  of  the  refidentiaries,  now  and  formerly,  belonging  to  the church  •,  which,  with  a  defeription  of  the  clofe  of  York,  or  Minfter-yard ,  and  the  Bedern , or  college  of  vicars-choral,  I  lhall  conclude  this  chapter.  . The  cuftom  of  the  ancient  refidency  in  the  cathedral  church  of  York  was  thus,  that  the  »*««««"«• dean,  chantor,  chancellor  and  treafurer,  lhall  be  accounted  continual  refidents ;  not  becaufe they  were  always  to  reflde,  but  only  for  the  greateft  part  of  the  year.  It  was  then  alio  the ufual  cuftom  for  all  the  canons  of  the  church,  refident,  to  convene  on  the  vigil  of  All-faints , before  nine  o’  clock  in  the  morning,  in  the  church,  and  then  they  were  to  invite  fuch  as  they thought  good  to  dine  with  them  during  all  the  double  ieftivals  which  lhould  happen  in  that year’s  fummer’s  refidency.  The  winter’s  refidency  begun  on  the  feaft  of  St.  Martyn.  Thcfe invitations  were  always  made  in  the  morning,  becaufe  it  was  held  a  difgrace  for  any  canon to  go  into  the  city  after  dinner. The  grand  refidency  ufed  to  be  performed  after  this  manner  -,  he  that  had  a  prebend,  and was  not  litigious,  and  defigned  to  make  his  reftdcncy  was  firft  to  go  to  :he  dean,  ir  he  was within  twenty  miles  of  the  city,  and  if  without  that  diftance  then  he  lhall  appear  before  the major  of  the  chapter,  and  make  his  proteftation  that  on  luch  a  day  he  defigns  to  begin  his refidency.  Then  the  dean  or  the  major  lhall  fay  to  him,  on  fuch  a  day  you  final  1  appear before  us,  in  the  habit  of  the  choir,  in  the  chapcer-houfe,  and  there  proteft  to  make  your refidency  after  the  cuftom  thereof.  Then  the  chamberlain  fhall  fet  ciown  the  day  in  his  ca¬ lendar.  The  firft  refidency  fhall  contain  twenty  fix  weeks,  in  which  the  canon  fhall  be  pre- fentatall  canonical  hours,  except  he  be  infirm,  6fr.  he  fhall  then  alfo  have  at  his  table  dou¬ ble  the  number  ol  vicars  and  minifters.  And  during  which  time  fhall  not  lye  out  of  the  ci¬ ty  any  night,  but  be  within  his  refidentiary  houfe  before  at  furtheft;  other- ways  his  refidency  fhall  be  accounted  for  none.  If  he  chance  to  be  abfent  any  day,  during this  o-reat  refidency,  he  fhall  keep  up  his  hofpitality  for  the  minifters  o.  the  church  and  o- thers^in  the  fame  manner  as  if  he  were  prefent.  And  not  till  this  grand  refidency  be  over fhall  receive  any  thing  of  the  common  with  the  reft  of  tee  canons  refidentiary. When  a  canon  makes  his  leffer  refidency,  which  is  to  be  kept  twenty  four  weeks,  he  fhall not  be  obliged  to  continue  the  fame  throughout,  but  keep  it  by  months,  weeks  or  days,  lo that  he  be  prefent  on  greater  feftivals,  if  he  poffibly  can. •  The  canons  refidentiary,  in  the  time  of  their  refidencies,  ought  to  be  prefent  in  the  fer- vice  of  the  choir,  efpecially  at  mattins,  vefpers  and  mafles  ;  unlefs  otherways  hindred. In  the  year  1221  the  dean  and  chapter,  having  firft  confulfed  the  cuftoms  and  uftges  of neighbouring  churches,  made  the  following  ordination  of  refidency  in  the  cathedral  church 1.  They  ordained  that  the  four  perfons,  viz.  dean,  chantor,  chancellor  and  treafurer  fhall  Ordination. refide  as  they  were  wont  to  do.  And  that  the  archdeacons,  being  canons,  who  are  bound by  their  offices  to  vifit  their  churches,  and  diligently  difeharge  their  truft  about  cure  of  fouls committed  to  them,  fhall  obferve  to  make  their  refidencies  for  three  months. 2.  Each  fingle  canon  fhall  be  bound  to  keep  half  a  year’s  refidency,  either  all  together, or  elfe  a  quarter  in  one  half  year  and  a  quarter  in  another. 3.  That  they  do  fee  the  faculties  of  the  church,  excepting  the  cuftomary  daily  expences, equally  divided  among  the  refidentiaries,  without  refpedt  of  perfons.  So  as  every  day  there be  allowed  to  each  refidentiary  fix  pence,  in  the  feaft  of  nine  le&ions  twelve  pence,  and  on double  feftivals  two  fhillings. 4.  Thefe  canons  refidentiary,  who  are  to  be  allowed  thefe  daily  contributions,  are  to have  their  dwellings  within  the  city  of  York-,  near  the  church  which  they  are  to  ferve.  And at  leaft  ought  to  be  prefent  at  mattins  and  other  canonical  hours,  unlefs  licknefs,  or  any  o- ther  reafonable  caufe,  hinder  them. 5.  When  the  faid  daily  diftributions  are  made,  what  remains  overplus  fhall  be  equally divided  amongft  the  faid  refidentiaries,  either  on  the  feaft  of  Pentecojl ,  or  St.  Martin  in  win¬ ter  at  the  end  of  their  term. 6.  Thofe  canons  who  ftudy  or  read  divinity,  according  to  the  tenor  of  pope  Honor ius  his conftitution,  fhall  receive  their  full  proportions  (n). Thefe  were  fome  of  the  ancient  regulations  of  the  aforefaid  offices  in  the  cathedral.  The hofpitality  was  great  that  attended  the  execution  of  them  ,  amounting,  as  fome  write,  to one  thoufand  marks  per  am.  for  every  refidence.  _  By  a  ftatute  of  Hen.  VIII.  dated  Weft. July  30,  an.  reg.  33.  their  ancient  cuftoms  and  privileges  were  very  much  altered  and  con¬ fined.  As  this  ordinance  is  printed  at  length  in  the  Monafticon  ( 0 J,  and  is  too  long  for  my purpofe,  I  fhall  omit  it. litem  Z. (0)  Mon.  Ang.  165,  166. 7f (m)  Willis  on  cathedral  churches. (n)  Torn,  p.  763.  ex  charta  in  ettfl.  clerici  vtjlibul.  cum The \ J^o The  C  L  o  s  s of  York. Church  of St.  Mary  ad Valvas. St.  John  del Pyke. Holgate’j  free- fchool. Treaftrer’s houfe. St  William’* college. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Booicll. The  clofe  or  the  cathedral  church  of  York ,  commonly  called  the  Minjler-yard ,  or  SRuifler# safil),  IS  (muted  in  the  north  ealt  angle  of  the  city  ;  whofe  walls  make  one  part  of  its  enclo- iure;  and  anciently  it  had  its  own  wall  to  fence  it  from  the  city.  The  circumference  of this  diftrift  is  near  three  quarters  of  a  mile;  beginning  from  Bootbarn-bar ,  alono- Peter -gate,  and  ending  again  at  the  fame  gate  by  a  large  circuit  of  the  city  walls.  The  courle of  this  enclofure  will  be  better  underflood  by  the  black  line  drawn  of  it  in  the  general  plan of  the  city,  to  which  I  refer.  It  has  at  this  day  four  large  gates  to  it.  The  principal  o- ate which  leads  to  the  fouth  entrance  of  the  cathedral  is  in  Peter- gate,  facing  Stone-gate  ;  °the next  is  in  the  fame  Hreet,  facing  Lop-lane  ;  a  third  is  in  Golberam-gate ,  facing  the  Bedern and  a  fourth  in  Uggleforlh.  Anciently  thele  gates  were  doled  in  every  night,  but  now  they are  constantly  open.  J Within  tiie  clofe,  befides  the  parifli  church  of  St.  Michael  le  Belfrey  which  (lands  upon  the line  of  its  wall,  was  formerly  two  more  parifli  churches ;  the  one  called  the  church  of 5c.  Mary  ad  Val-vas ,  the  other  St.  John  del  Pyke. The  church  of  Sc.  Mary  ad  V vivas,  in  the  er-garff),  was  anciently  a  redory  belong¬ ing  to  the  jurifdiction  and  patronage  of  the  dean  and  chapter  of  York.  But  in  the  year  1365 to  enlarge  the  walks  about  the  minder,  it  was  removed  and  united  to  the  church  o  f  St.John del  Pyke,  and  confolidated  into  one  parifli  with  it  by  the  common  confenc  of  the  chapter  (p). I  fuppofe  this  church  took  its  name,  ad  Valvas ,  from  Handing  fomewhere  near  the  oreat folding  doors,  chat  were  in  the  old  quire  end  of  the  church. The  parifli  church  of  St.  John  Baptifl  del  Pyke,  within  the  clofe  of  the  Minder was  alfo  an  ancient  redory  belonging  to  the  jurifdidion  of  the  dean  and  chapter  of York  ;  of  which  reftory  Mr.  Torre  has  given  the  names,  (Ac.  of  fome  few  incumbents. January  27,  1585,  this  church  of  St.John  del  Pyke ,  according  to  the  flatute,  was  united, together  with  its  parifli,  to  the  church  of  the  Holy  Trinity  in  Gotheram-gate ;  excepting  all and  Angular  the  manfion-houfes  within  the  clofe  of  the  cathedral  church,  which,  as  to  their parochial  rights,  were  to  remain  in  the  fame  condition  as  before  (a).  /.  s.  d 1  his  church  was  valued  in  the  king’s  books  at - -  04  10  00 1  he  Ate  of  this  now  demolifhed  church  is  marked  in  the  general  plan  of  the  city  to  be near  the  gate  of  the  clofe  which  leads  into  Uggle-fortb.  The  redory  houfe  is  in  the  angle on  the  other  Aide  of  it-,  which  the  prefent  incumbent  of  the  united  pariflies,  my  worthy- friend  the  reverend  Mr.  Knight,  has  at  a  confiderable  expence  near  rebuilt  and  beautified. In  this  corner  alfo  of  the  clofe  is  a  Free  fchool,  ereded  and  endowed  by  archbifhop  Hol- gate,  who  fettled  12/.  per  annum  on  the  fchool-mafter,  over  and  above  all  charges  and  re- prifesi  and  built  an  houfe  and  a  fchool-room  in  the  faid  clofe  adjoining  to  the  church  of St.  John  del  Pyke.  He  alfo  conftituted  Thomas  Swan  as  the  firft  fchool  mailer  of  it ;  and  or¬ dained  that  the  faid  Thomas  Swan  his  fucceflors,  (Ac.  (hall  be  a  body  corporate  for  ever  ; and  the  laid  mailer,  his  fucceflors,  (Ac.  to  be  called  mailer  of  the  free-fehool  of  Robert  Hoi- gate  ;  and  by  that  name  to  fue  and  be  fued,  implead  and  be  impleaded,  (Ac.  and  to  have  a common  leal  for  the  affairs  and  matters  of  the  faid  fchool.  And  further  he  ordaineth that  the  archbifhops  his  fucceflors  fhall  be  patrons  of  the  faid  fchool  for  ever;  fede  vacante the  dean  and  chapter  ;  if  they  do  not  prefent  within  twenty  days  the  lord-mayor  and  aider- men  ;  and  if  they  do  not  prefent  in  the  fame  time  the  patronage  is  left  to  the  archdeacon  of York,  and  twelve  of  the  mod  fubllantial  houfe-keepers  in  the  parifli,  to  prefent  as  they pleafe.  The  reft  of  the  articles  run  upon  the  good  behaviour  of  the  mailer,  ulher  and  fcho- lars  (r). We  find  by  our  records  that  the  treafurer  of  the  church  had  one  mefiuage  within  the  clofe of  the  cathedral,  which  he  continued  po defied  of  till  that  office  was  difiolved.  The  Ate of  this  houfe  is  very  large,  and  coming  to  the  crown,  the  fame  was  granted  out  again,  but to  whom  or  when  I  know  not.  It  was  rebuilt  in  the  manner  it  Hands  in  at  prefent,  about forty  years  ago,  by  Robert  Squire  efq;  it  is  now  poflefied  and  occupied  by  the  honourable and  reverend  Mr.  Finch  canon  refidentiary  of  the  church  in  the  north  end  ;  the  other  by  my very  good  friend  Bacon  Morrett  efq; In  a  lane  called  anciently  Vicar's-lane  within  the  clofe,  but  now  Little- Alice- Lane,  from fome  diminutive  old  woman,  as  I  have  been  told,  who  not  many  years  ago  kept  an  inn  or ale-houfe  in  it,  is  the  Ate  of  a  college,  formerly  called  St.  Willianfs  college. It  appears  by  records  that  king  Hen.  VI.  granted  his  letters  patents  for  ere6ling  a  college to  the  honour  of  St.  JVilliam ,  archbifhop  of  York ,  in  the  clofe  of  York,  for  the  parfons  and chantry  priefis  of  the  cathedral  to  refide  in  ;  whereas  before  they  lived  promifeuoufly  in houfes  of  laymen  and  women,  contrary  to  the  honour  and  decency  of  the  laid  church,  as  the patent  exprefies,  and  their  fpiritual  orders,  (Ac.  (s)  It  does  not  appear  that  this  grant  was put  in  execution,  probably  the  civil  wars  prevented  it;  but  king  Edw.1V.  in  the  ArH year  of  his  reign,  granted  other  letters  patents,  of  the  fame  tenor,  to  George  Nevill,  then (p)  Ex  MS.  Torre. ( q)  Ex  eodtm. ( r )  From  the  original  deed  kept  amongft  the  city  re- coid...  dated  anno  Dom.  \  -46,  ligned  IRobCrt  Colgate. By  this  grant  he  credts  another  grammar-fehool  at  Hemf- worth,  in  this  county ;  and  one  at  OU-Matton,  with 'a Salary  of  twenty  four  pounds  per  annum ;  which  are  all ftill  fubfifting.  See  alfo  12  pars  paten.  38  Hen.  VIII. Rolls  chapel. (s)  rat.  33  Hen, ~V\.  p.  1.  m.  1. bilhop Chap. HI.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK; bifhop  of  Exeter ,  and  ro  his  brother  Richard  Nevill ,  tiien  eari  of  Warwick ,  and  their  heirs to  found  and  fuftain  tins  collide,  without  reciting  any  thing  of  the  former  ^rant,  and  to have  the  nomination  of  the  provoit  of  it  for  ever.  The  patent  is  very  large  and  full,  and contains  all  the  rules  and  futures  to  be  obferved  by  the  members  of  it.  Dated  at  I'ork May  ii.  in  the  full  year  of  his  reign  (t).  In  Mr.  Dodfwortb’s  collections,  v.  129.  f  i4o; are  feme  extrads  of  the  flat utes  belonging  to  this  college  ;  there  were  twenty  three  chantiy priefts  or  petty  canons  in  it,  over  wl.om  prefided  a  provoft.  They  had  lands  and  tenement^ in  common  amongft  them,  towards  their  maintenance,  reparations,  &V.  over  and  above  the endowments  of  their  feveral  chantries  to  the  yearly  value,  as  it  was  certified,  of  12  /.  12/.  8  d. At  the  diflolution  the  houfeand  fite  of  this  college,  greac  part  of  which  is  yet  Handing,  be¬ ing  a  fmall  quadrangle  with  the  old  gate  and  the  image  of  St.  Wil  iam  over  the  door,  was  fold to  one  Michael  Stanhope(u),  from  whom,  I  fuppofe,  it  came  to  the  ancient  family  of  Jenkins  in this  county  ■,  fir  Henry  Jenkins  knight,  poflellcd  it  in  the  time  of  king  Charles  the  firft  ;  fof whilft  that  unfortunate  prince  fluid  at  York ,  the  king’s  printing  prefs  wa§  ereCled  in  this houfe.  Since  which,  it  has  of  late  years  been  part  of  the  great  ellate  of  the  right  honoura¬ ble  Robert  Benfon  lord  Bingley-,  and,  by  marriage  of  his  daughter  and  heir,  it  is  at  prefent in  George  Fox  of  Bramham-park  cfquire;  a  gentleman  whofe  true  publick  fpirit  of  patrio- tifrn,  hcfpitality,  and  unbiaffed  integrity,  renders  him  a  lingular  ornament  to  this country. In  the  book  of  SDoomcfOay,  one  of  the  divifions  of  the  city  is  terfhed  Schyra  arcbiepifcopl\ the  fliire  of  the  archbifhop,  and  is  faid  to  have  contained  in  the  days  of  Edward  the  confef- for  two  hundred  eleven  houfes  inhabited  •,  but,  at  the  time  of  the  taking  that  furvey  there  were only  one  hundred  dwelling  houfes,  great  and  lmall,  befides  the  archbifhop’s  palace  and  the houfes  of  the  canons  (x).  It  this  fliire,  or  diftrift,  meant'only  the  dole  of  the  cathedral'it  is plain  there  were  more  houfes  in  it  before  theconquefl  than  there  are  now,  or  indeed  could  well Hand  in  the  compafs..  But  I  take  this  to  have  been  an  account  of  all  the  houfes  the  church, was  then  pofiefled  of  in  the  city,  as  well  as  the  clofe;  and,  as  I  have  taken  ho: ice  before; 3D10  iBail  was  anciently  the  property  of  the  archbifhop,  and  under  his  immedi.u :  jiirifdiclion: I  take  it  that,  of  old,  none  but  the  principal  dignitaries  of  the  church,  canons  and  other  cc- clefiafticks  belonging  to  it,  had  houfes  within  the  clofe,  and  except  the  trcafurer*s  and  St. William* &  college  already  defer ibed,  all  houfes  whatfoever  are  held  by  leafe  from  the  church within  this  diftrift.  There  are  alio  the  fites  of  feveral  prebendal  houfes  which  were  without the  pale-,  as  in  Stone-gate,  Peter-gate ,  particularly  Majfam- houfe  there,  which  prebend  was conftantly  annexed  to  the  treafurerfhip  and  fo  fell  together  ■,  and  in  Lop-lane ,  all  which  are fpecified  at  length  in  Mr.  ForrPs  manufeript.  I  fhall  Only  obferve,  that  there  is  not  one houfe  either  within  or  without  the  clofe  at  prefent  that  is  inhabited  by  any  dignitary,  or  pre. bendary,  to  whom  it  of  right  belongs,  except  the  deanery. The  palace  belonging  to  the  archbifhops  of  2Drk j  in  the  Mdnjler-yard ,  has  long  been  leafed  Arcbi’pifcopdi out  from  the  church.  And  that  houfe  in  which  the  primate  of  England  ufed  of  old  to  inha bit  and  keep  up  the  greateft  hofpitality,  is  now,  fuch  is  the  mutability  of  times  and  fa- fhions,  converted  into  a  dancing- fchool  at  one  end,  and  a  play- houfe  at  the  other.  Some  o- ther  of  its  ancient  apartments  were  of  late  years  honoured  with  a  weekly  affembly  of  ladies and  gentlemen  •,  until  the  new  rooms  in  Blake-ftreet.  were  erefled  for  that  purpofe. The  deanry,  as  I  faid,  is  the  only  houie  inhabited  within  the  clofe  by  its  proper  owner, Deanry. m  right  of  the  church  to  which  it  belongs.  It  is  a  fpacious  and  convenient  old  building, with  large  gardens  beyond  it ;  and  has  a  gate  of  its  own  leading  into  Peter-gate ,  which  wa's alfo,  upon  the  line  of  the  wall  of  the  clofe. J  ^  archbifhop’s  regifier  and  prerogative-office  is  kept  in  an  old  Hone  building  at  the  ea ^gijltr-effte . end  of  Belfray* s  church.  In  it  is  a  noble  repofitory  of  the  archiepifcopal  regillers,  be^in- lng  from  an  older  date  than,  perhaps,  any  other  ecclefiaflical  regifters  in  the  kingdom.  Thofe tn  the  archives  at  Lambeth,  belonging  to  the  fee  of  Canterbury ,  go  no  higher  than  archbifhop Kayner,  about  the  year  1307  ;  whereas  thefe  begin  with  the  rolls  of  Walter  Grey ,  who  en¬ tered  upon  his  dignity  in  the  year  1216,  near  one  hundred  years  before  them.  I  fhould  -be glad  I  could  fay  that  the  regifters  fince  the  Reformation  are  kept  with  that  care  and  exadl- nefs  as  they  were  before  it.  In  the  former  may  be  found  avail  fund  of  ecclefiaflical  and  o- ther  hiftory,  which  it  is  hoped  fome  able  hahd  will,  fome  time  or  other,  fift  from  them  and preserve.  The  dean  and  chapter’s  regiftry  office  is  alfo  kept  here,  or  in  the  cathedral,  in which  are  all  the  archives,  now  in  being,  particularly  belonging  to  the  church.  Some  ad- count  of  which  may  be  met  with  in  the  addenda ,  and  amongft  them  is  the  regiftruni  magnum album  the  oldeft  record  the  church  can  now  boaft  of. The  area  the  church  (lands  in  is  much  too  ftrait  for  its  circumference-,  for -were  it  fet  off, only  in  the  manner  that  St.  P aul* s  is,  it  would  have  a  much  grander  appearance.  And  yet this  thought  has  been  little  regarded  by  the  leflojs  of  the  ground  within  the  clofe  s  who  hate choaked  up  the  only  grand  entrance  to  the  church  by  a  row  of  paltry  houfes  and  (hops  on Rolls  chapel. ("*)  Sec  the  copy  from  this  record  [kiliEktldmda; '  each (t)  Pat.  1  Ed. TV.  p.z.  7?3. 17. (u)  P>°mns  et  feitus  collegii  S.  Williclmi  in  claufo  metro- pol.  Ebor.  Michael  Stanhope  Apr.  2.  1  pars  3  Ed.  VI. 57* Bedern. Vicars-chord. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookII. each  fide  of  it.  Nay  the  avarice  of  fome  went  Hill  much  further,  when  they  leafed  out  the ground  on  each  fide  the  fteps  to  the  fouth  entrance  to  build  on.  Which  hdui'es  were  Hand¬ ing  until  dean  Gale  let  the  leafes  run  out,  and  pulled  down  thofe  great  nufances  to  the  church, and  cleaned  it  from  the  filth  contrafted  from  them. The  belt  houfes  which  are  now  Handing  in  the  Minfter-yard  and  are  held  by  church  leafes, to  begin  from  the  north-eaft  corner,  is  firft  Mrs.  Lowther' s  of  Ackvoortb,  built  by  Dr.  Pear- fin  late  chancellor  of  the  diocefe.  Next  the  houfe  at  prefent  inhabited  bv  the  reverend Mr  Bradley ,  canon  refidentiary  of  the  church  r  Dr.  Ward's,  commifi’ary  ol  the  diocefe  •, two  houfes  contiguous,  at  the  eaft  end  of  the  church,  built  by  Mr.  jubb,  deputy  regifter  to the  archbilhop,  fcfc.  The  houfe,  anciently  known  by  the  name  of  IVartbill  hmfe,  contiguous to  the  deanery,  at  prefent  belonging  to  the  honourable  Thomas  Willoughby  ot  Birdfal  efquire  ; a  gentleman  of  uncommon  merit,  to  whofe  acquaintance  and  friendlhip  the  author  of  this work,  has  the  honour  to  be  particularly  related.  This  houfe  came  to  Mr.  II  illoughby,  along with  other  great  poffefflons  in  this  county,  by  the  marriage  of  the  daughter  and  heir  of Thomas  Soulheby  dq;  of  Birdfal  aforefaid.  In  a  lane,  called  Preceutor’s-lane,  are  alio  fome good  houfes  ■  but  none  of  note  fave  two  or  three  at  the  bottom  •,  amongft  which  that  to  the eaft  at  prefent  poffcffed  and  inhabited  by  my  much  refpefted  friend  the  reverend  Mr.  Lam- plug  h,  canon  refidentiary,  is  the  mod  confiderable.  Here  is  a  little  poftern  gate,  or  paffage, into  Pcter-gate,  but  whether  long  ufed  or  not  to  me  is  uncertain.  . The  Bedern ,  or  college  of  vicars  choral  belonging  to  the  cathedral,  is  in  Guthramgatc , and  extends  itfelf,  with  the  gardens,  &c.  to  Aldwark  and  St.  Andrew  gate.  Concerning  the etymology  of  the  word  Bedern ,  there  have  been  various  conjectures.  I  have  taken  notice, in  the  Roman  account  of  this  city,  that  Conflanline  the  great  was  faid  to  be  born \in  Peter:;  a civitatis  Ehoraci ■,  from  which  fome  hiftorians,  and  particularly  archbilhop  Ujhcr  have  iup- pofed  that  the  regal  palace,  which  flood  here,  was  anciently  called  Pertenna  ;  nsw  coi- ruptly  Bedherna.  A  very  eafy  miftike,  faith  the  primate,  if  we  cor.fider  that  the  Bri¬ tain*  ufually  pronunced  P  for  5,  and  T  like  D.  Tradition,  amongft  us,  has  fpun  the  ety¬ mology  of  Bedern  fomewhat  finer  •,  and  would  have  it  come  from  Baderan ,  which  word  is faid  to  bear  fome  allufion  to  the  baths,  or  bathing  places,  of  the  imperial  palace  •,  to  Bade and  to  bath  being,  at  prefent,  fynonimous  in  our  common  north  country  dialect.  Bcfides, the  fame  authority  allures  us  that  fome  teffalated  pavements  were  anciently  dilcovered  in  dig- ing  in  this  very  place,  which  probably  were  the  floors  of  the  baths  aforefaid. But  indeed,  we  need  look  no  further. back  than  our  Saxon  anceitors  for  the  etymology  of this  word,  which  is  plainly  deduced  from  the  Anglo-Saxon  Bea&e,  oratio,  and  that  from  the Maefo-Gothick  verb  i5ctitan,  precari ,  rogare.  Hem ,  or  Herm,  is  a  cell  or  hermitage,  as Potbern,  Whithern ,  fo  that  it  fignifies  no  more  than  a  cloifture  built  and  let  apart  tor  a number  of  religious  to  dwell  in.  Befides  there  are  places  fo  called  near  the  cathedral  churches of  Ripon  and  Beverley  -,  which  mult  have  ferved  for  the  fame  purpofe  as  ours,  and  can  have no  allufion  to  a  Roman  etymology.  c  ,  , For  many  ages  laft  paft  this  place  has  been  afiigned  for  the  habitation  of  the  vicars  cho¬ ral,  of  old  probably  called  BcaOfmetl 5  which  were  formerly  thirty  fix,  according  to  the number  of  the  prebendal  flails  in  the  cathedral.  Their  duty  was,  bcfides  attending  the daily  office  in  the  choir,  to  perform  the  offices  of  the  dead,  at  certain  hours  day  and  night, in  the  feveral  chapels  and  oratories  eredted  for  that  purpofe.  Each  canon  was  to  have  his own  peculiar  vicar,  in  prieft’s  orders,  to  attend  and  officiate  for  him.  'Which  faid  canon, afeer  he  fhall  receive  the  profits  of  his  prebend,  was  to  pay  his  vicar  40.'.  per  amu  at  the two  ufual  terms  of  the  year.  And  when  a  canon  died,  his  vicar  was  to  have  his  choral  ha¬ bit  according  to  ancient  cuftom.  ,  .... In  the  year  1275,  ^.Edw.l.  it  was  found  by  inquifition  then  taken,  that  the  jbcOcniC was  given  to  God ,  St.  Peter,  and  the  vicars  ferving  God,  impure  and  perpetual  alms,  by one  IVilliam  de  Lanum  canon  of  the  church.  But  the  major  part  thereof  was  of  the  common of  the  land  of  Ulphus.  With  another  certain  part  of  the  fee  of  the  archbifhop,  and  by  him eleemofynated  to  them  (y).  „  ,  ■  c  a  ,  •  A  1  -  . Waller  Grey  archbifhop,  with  the  confentof  the  dean  and  chapter,  firft  ordained  the  col¬ lege  of  the  vicars-choral ;  this  was  in  the  year  1252.  Afterwards  king  Henry  \  II.  confirmed the  ordinances  by  his  royal  charter,  bearing  date  15  id.  OX.  A.  D.  1269.  Both  thefe  evi¬ dences  are  ftill  preferved  amongft  their  own  records.  By  them  it  appears  that  theie  thirty fix  vicars,  and  their  fucceffors,  fhall  be  thenceforth  named  the  college  of  the  vicars  of  every  of the  canons,  by  the  dean  and  chapter  of  York  placed  and  congregated  in  a  certain  place  called It  5i5eOerne,  &c.  One  of  the  body  is  appointed  cuflos  by  the  reft  •,  which  laid  cum  is  to  pre- fide  over  them,  and  together  with  the  other  vicars  fhall  have  a  common  leal,  and  retain  to themfelves  all  their  lands,  rents  and  pofleffions  to  be  held  of  the  king  in  free  burgage. According  to  the  ancient  oath  of  the  vicars  they  were  obliged  to  continue  in  commons, and  live  with  the  reft  of  their  brethren  at  meat  and  drink,  in  their  common  hall.  I  hat they  do  their  utmoft  endeavour  to  get  by  heart,  within  the  firft  year,  the  pfilms  and  all  other things  which  are  in  the  church,  to  be  fung  without  book.  1  hat  they  do  diligently  keep (y)  Mon.  Ang  vol.III.  p.  155-  tx  rtZ$r0  *[bo- and Chap.  III.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK.  j7 andobfervc  the  ftatutes  of  the  church,  and  do  nothing  fraudulently  that  the  church  may  beBEDER*. deprived  of  its  due  obedience. The  ancient  ftatute-book  of  this  college  is  yet  in  being ;  wherein  are  many  ordinances and  regulations  in  regard  to  their  burfars,  ftewards,  hours  of  dining  and  fupping,  quantity of  drink  allowed  at  meals,  £s?r.  And  in  the  year  1353,  the  chapter  of  York  made  this  or¬ dination,  viz.  that  no  vicar- choral  from  thenceforth  (hall  keep  any  woman  to  ferve  him within  the  Bederne.  And  the  fub-chantor  do  acquaint  the  vicars  that  they  warn  all  their  wo¬ men  fervants  to  depart  their  fervice,  on  the  penalty  of  twenty  (hillings  payable  to  the  fa- brick  of  the  church  for  every  one  not  obferving  this  ordinance  (z). I  find  that  in  the  fecond  year  of  the  reign  of  king  Edward  the  fixth,  this  whole  college and  fite  of  the  Bederne  was  actually  fold  to  one  Thomas  Goulding  and  others  (a)  for  the  fum of  1924/.  10 s.  id.  But  upon  the  earned  folicitations  of  the  dean  and  chapter  to  the  king and  council,  this  bargain  was  fome  time  after  difannulled  •,  for  in  the  fixth  of  Edward  VI. it  was  ordained  and  decreed  by  the  chancellor  and  furveyor-general  of  the  court  of  augmen¬ tations,  by  and  with  the  advice  of  the  king’s  judges,  that  the  dean  and  chapter  of  York r,  for thernfelves  and  for  the  fub-chantor  and  vicars-choral,  (hall  from  thenceforth  have  and  enjoy the  faid  houfe  called  the  Bederne ,  and  all  the  po hellions  belonging  to  it,  except  the  chan¬ tries  and  obits  to  them  anciently  afiured,  without  any  interruption  or  molellation  of  the  faid court,  &c.  fo  it  was  adjudged  that  this  their  college  was  appendant  to  the  cathedral  church, and  not  within  the  llatute  of  dilTolved  free  colleges,  chantries,  6?f. By  efcaping  that  blow  the  Bederne  is  (till  in  the  pofieflion  of  the  vicars-choral.  But  the chantries  and  obits  being  dilTolved,  their  chiefelt  fupport,  the  number  of  them  flrangely  is JelTened,  and  from  thirty  fix  they  are  now  dwindled  to  four,  of  which  number  the  fub-chantor, or  Succenlorvicariorum,  is  one.  The  Bederne  is  ufually  their  habitation  Hill,  but  they  are  not at  prefent  confined  to  it,  but  may  let  their  houfes  and  live  elfe where  in  the  city.  In Mr.  Torre's,  time  the  old  collegiate  hall,  where  the  vicars  ufually  dined  Lin  common,  was Handing  •,  but  it  is  now  pulled  down. The  chapel  in  the  Bederne  was  founded,  anno  1348,  by  Thomas  de  Otteley  and  William  de chapel. Cotingham.  It  was  confecrated  the  fame  year,  by  order  of  William  de  la  Zouch ,  then  arch- bifhop,  by  Hugh,  entituled  archbifhop  of  Damejlen ,  and  dedicated  to  the  holy  trinity,  the virgin  Mary ,  and  St.  Katherine.  It  Hill  remains  in  good  repair  and  its  painted  glafs  win¬ dows  are  pretty  entire.  Divine  fervice  is  fometimes  faid  in  it-,  and  chriftnings  performed, for  which  purpofe  there  is  on  the  left  hand  of  the  door  an  old  font.  There  is,  likewife,  a holy  water  pot  j  and  a  handfome  marble  altar  table.  Here  was  alfo  a  chantry  of  five  marks per  annum. The  revenues  of  the  vicars-choral  are  very  much  impaired,  and  would  not  be  fufficient  to  Revenues. maintain  the  fmall  number  of  them  at  prefent,  did  not  the  dean  and  chapter  affiil  in  bellow¬ ing  upon  them  fome  of  their  parochial  churches  in  York.  And  early  in  the  reformation  fe- veral  tenements  were  alfo  bellowed  upon  them  by  the  dean  and  chapter,  in  confideration  of their  poverty,  as  the  charter  exprefies  it,  which  bears  date  in  the  thirty  eighth  year  of  Hen¬ ry  \  111.  (b)  Belides  their  houfes  in  the  Bederne ,  and  fome  other  houfes  in  the  city,  with their  peculiar  parifh  church  of  St.  Samp/on's ,  I  find  that  king  Richard  II.  notwithllanding the  llatute  of  Mortmain ,  granted  licence  to  the  euftos  of  this  college,  &c.  for  ever,  to  enjoy the  advowfon  of  the  parifh  church  of  Cotingham ( c ).  Sir  Henry  le  Vavafour ,  in  the  year  1332, bellowed  upon  them  the  church  of  Fryjlon  \  which  was  then  appropriated  to  their  college. They  were  pofielTed  alfo  of  the  churches  of  Huntington ,  juxta  Ebor.  and  of  Nether-Wallop  in Hampjbire ;  the  reftory  of  which  laft  was  leafed  out  to  queen  Elizabeth ,  by  the  then  fub- chantor  and  vicars,  in  the  twenty-fifth  year  of  her  reign.  Thefe  pofieffions,  befides  40 s. per  annum  paid  to  them  by  each  prebendary,  as  fettled  by  aft  of  chapter  anno  1563,  and 5/.  flerling  of  every  canon  refidentiary  at  his  firfl  entrance  into  his  office,  and  the  yearly fum.of  61.  13  s.  4  d.  paid  them  by  each  refidentiary  for  their  declaiming  the  right  they  had to  his  table,  as  provided  by  the  new  llatute  of  refidency  granted  by  Henry  VIII.  are  all  that I  can  find  belonging  to  this  community. The  valuation  of  the  vicars-choral  in  the  king’s  books  are,  /.  s.  d. Firll-fruits  —  136  05  05 (z)  Mr.  Torre  from  a  book  indorfcd  ABa  correBionnm elericorum,  has  colle<ffed  a  great  number  of  criminal  con- verfations  with  women,  committed  by  the  clergy  in thofe  days.  The  vicars-choral  have  by  far  the  greateft ihare  in  them,  p.  1 851 . ( a)  Totum  fitum  et  capital,  meffuag.  nuper  collegiiS.  Petti Ebor.  vocat.  le  115elicrne,  alias  diet.  Ic  iJliicarscoralls infra  civit.  pred.  collegio  pred.  fpect.  tenend.  in  burgagio Thom.  Goulding  et  aids  pro  1 924. /.  10  s.  id.  3.  pat. 2  Ed  w .  V I .  R oils  chapel . ( b )  Amongft  their  own  records,  which  are  kept  in  a e-heft  with  three  locks,  a  catalogue  of  which  records  the reader  may  meet  with  in  the  appendix. (  c )  Torre,  p.  1231.  There  are  feveral  confirmations, by  different  kings,  of  divers  grants  made  to  the  vicars choral  of  York,  in  the  tower  of  London,  which  are  too many  to  give  in  particular. 7g CHAP, *74 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. St.  Mary’s Abbey. Situation. CHAP.  IV. St.  Mary’!  Abbey,  from  its  foundation  to  its  diffolution ;  with  the prefent  fate  of  the  King’s-manor,  as  it  is  now  called,  at  Y  o  r  k. TAHIS  noble  and  magnificent  monaflery,  antiently  one  of  the  glories  of  the  city of  York,  was  fituated  under  the  walls  without,  and  on  the  north  fide  of  the  town. There  is  no  place,  in  or  about  the  city,  which  could  boaft  of  a  more  agreeable fite  ;  being  on  a  rifing  ground,  the  afpedb  fouth  weft,  declining  every  where  to  the  river Oufe ,  which  forms  a  grand  canal  at  the  bottom  of  it.  J.  Leland  informs  us  from  an  an¬ cient  manufcript,  that  where  now  the  abbey  of  St.  Mary  ftands,  was,  before  the  conque¬ ror’s  time,  a  place  the  citizens  made  ufe  of  to  lay  the  fweepings  of  their  ftreets  and  other kinds  of  filth  in  •,  and  where  their  malefa&ors  were  executed  (a).  But  be  that  as  it  may, it  is  a  noble  fpot  of  ground,  almoft  fquare,  and  is  inclofed,  on  the  north  and  eaft  fide, with  a  fair  and  (lately  wall,  built  with  many  orderly  and  large  towers  embattled  •,  on  the weft  with  the  river  Oufe ,  and  on  the  fouth  with  the  rampire  and  walls  of  the  city.  The whole  circumference,  by  an  exatft  menfuration,  is  one  thoufand  two  hundred  and  eighty yards,  or  about  three  quarters  of  a  mile,  (b)  In  the  abbey  wall  were  only  two  principal gates  •,  the  one  on  the  eaft  fide,  opening  into  Boolbam ,  near  the  gate  of  the  city ;  the other  on  the  north  fide,  which,  as  I  take  it,  has  been  the  main  entrance  into  the  abbey,  and opens  into  a  ftreet  called  St.  Mary  gate. Almiy-garth.  North  of  this  ftreet,  is  a  fpacious  piece  of  rich  ground,  yet  called  jJJlmttpgattl).  Which name  it  takes  from  the  French  aumonier,  Latin  eliemofynarius ;  and  was  formerly  the  place where  the  convent  kept  their  cattle  which  were  ready  for  killing  •,  and  alfo  put  in  what  was charitably  bellowed  upon  them.  The  ground  has  been  all  walled  in,  except  on  the  fide next  the  river.  In  it  were  the  abbot’s  fifhponds  the  traces  of  which  appear  at  this  day. I  fha.ll  chufe  to  begin  my  account  of  this  monaflery  not  from  its  erection  but  from  its  fall. The  Manor.  A  t  the  diffolution  of  monafteries  by  Henry  VIII.  the  fite  of  this  noble  and  rich  abbey with  all  its  revenues  fell  to  the  crown.  And  here  it  was  that  prince  ordered  a  palace  to  be built,  out  of  its  ruins,  which  was  to  be  the  refidence  of  the  lord  prefidents  of  the  north, for  the  time  being,  and  called  the  King'  s-manor.  That  the  very  name  and  memory  of  the abbey  might  be  loft  for  ever.  It  continued  in  that  ftate  to  the  reign  of  James  I.  who, at  his  firft  coming  to  York,  gave  orders  to  have  it  repaired  and  converted  into  a  regal  pa¬ lace  intending  to  make  ufe  of  it  as  fuch  at  his  going  to  and  returning  from  Scotland. Many  teftimonials  are  of  this  prince’s  defign  in  arms  and  other  decorations  about  the  fe- veral  portals  of  the  building.  However  this  palace  continued  to  be  the  feat  of  the  lords prefidents  to  the  laft  •,  and  we  may  believe  had  fome  reparations  at  the  charge  of  that  truly great,  but  unfortunate,  nobleman  Thomas  earl  of  Strafford ;  for  over  an  entrance  in  one  of the  inner  courts  is  placed  the  arms  and  different  quarterings,  in  ftone  work,  of  that  no¬ ble  and  antient  family.  This  circumftance,  trivial  as  it  is,  ought  to  have  its  memorial, fince  it  was  made  ufe  of  by  his  cruel  and  moft  inveterate  enemies,  as  one  of  the  articles againft  him  ;  that  he  had  the  arrogance  to  put  up  Ins  own  arms  in  one  of  the  king's  palaces. After  this  it  continued  in  the  crown  to  the  Revolution ;  and  when  king  Charles  II.  took fome  difpleafure  at  the  city,  and  appointed  a  governour  over  it,  this  houfe  again  became the  refidence  of  that  officer.  I  find  that  the  lord  Fretc/yvile  baron  of  Stavely  was  then  ap¬ pointed  ;  and  after  his  death,  fir  John  Rerefby ,  bart.  reprefentative  in  parliament  for  this city,  was  made  governour  of  it  by  king  James  II.  and  lived  in  the  king’s  houfe,  till  dii- placed  by  a  ftronger  power. In  the  unfortunate  reign  of  king  James  II.  a  large  room  in  the  Manor  was  fitted  up  and made  ufe  of  as  a  popifh  chapeT,  where  one  bifhop^/»7£,  as  he  was  called,  celebrated  mafs openly.  But  it  was  not  long  before  the  enraged  populace  pulled  it  to  pieces  ;  and  this confecrated  room  has  fince  had  the  fite,  in  our  days,  to  be  converted  into  an  affembly- room  for  the  meeting  together  of  the  nobility,  gentry  and  ladies  at  the  races.  As  alfo  to be  the  common  entertaining  room  for  the  high  fheriffs  of  the  county  at  the  different  aflizes. After  the  revolution  Robert  Waller,  efq;  fometime  lord-mayor,  and  reprefentative  in parliament  for  this  city,  found  means  to  procure  a  leafe  of  this  abbey  or  manor  for  thirty one  years  from  the  crown.  Which  when  run  out  was  obtained  again  for  Tancred  Robin - fun,  efq-,  fecond  fon  to  fir  William  Robinfon ,  bart.  who  is  the  prefent  lefiee.  The  form¬ er  leafe,  being  fomewhat  remarkable,  I  have  thought  fit  to  give  a  copy  of  it  at  the  end of  this  chapter. Adjoining  to  the  north-gate  of  the  abbey  was  the  prifon  for  debtors  in  the  liberties  of St.  Mary,  which  the  reader  will  find  in  the  fequel  were  very  extenfive.  The  court  for  the liberties  of  St.  Mary's  was  alfo  here  kept  by  the  fteward  of  the  fame,  for  the  time  being-, (a)  Uli  nunc  eft  cotnobitun  5.  Mariae  tetnp.  Gulielmi  hundred  and  twenty  yards.  From  the  faid  IVefl  tower Nothi  locus  ■ejicienJis  fordibus  dtfi'tmtus\  et  in  quo  folebant  to  the  IVater  houfe  tovnr ,  on  ih"  ftu-h,  two  hundred Je  fontibus  fttpplicium  I  timer  e.  Coll.  iv.  36.  and  forty  fix  yards.  From  the  IVanr-koufe  tower  by  the [b)  From  Bootbam-bar  to  St.  Marygate  tower  one  hun-  rampire  of  the  city  to  Boot  ham- bar  tour  hundred  and dred  and  ninety  four  yards.  From  St.  Mary-gate  tower  twenty  yards.  , to  the  Wcjl-towsr,  abutting  upon  the  river  Oufex  four  " St.  Mary Court. Chap. IV.  of  the  CHURCH  of  YORK.  j7j who  by  charters  from  both  king  James  and  Charles  I.  (V)a nd  their  fuccelTors,  had  all  thofeit.  Mar’s judicial  privileges  granted  him  which  were  ever  given  to  the  abbot  of  this  convent  by  the "former  kings  of  England.  At  the  death  of  Thomas  Adams,  efq;  the  laft  fteward  of  this court,  two  gentlemen  of  the  law  in  York  made  interefl  for  the  patent,  to  be  executed  be¬ twixt  them.  But  a  more  prevailing  interefl  prevented  it.  Since  which  this  ftewardfhip has  been  vacant,  the  goal  negleCled,  and  the  chamber  where  the  court  was  kept,  by  a  late accident,  weil  nigh  demolifhed.  . .  ,  . Anno  1696,  and  97,  the  old  hammered  money,  with  the  dipt  and  counterfeit,  being  Mint. every  where  called  in,  in  this  kingdom,  a  mint  for  coinage  was  erected  in  the  manor  at York  •,  where  the  fum  of  three  hundred  and  twelve  thoufand  five  hundred  and  twenty pounds  and  fix  pence  was  coined  ( d ).  This  money,  for  diftinClion  fake,  bears  a  Y  under the  king’s  head  on  the  coin.  , .  , The  wall  of  the  abbey  quite  round  has  been  very  ftrong,  on  the  infide  or  which  to¬ wards  Bootbam ,  has  run  a  wooden  gallery  for  the  better  defence  of  it.  The  continual bickerings  between  the  citizens  and  monks  of  this  abbey,  was  the  occafion  of  the  building this  wall  ;  which  is  more  Angular,  in  that  I  believe  it  is  the  only  religious  houfe  that  was thus  fortified  in  the  kingdom.  Anno  1262,  an  attempt  was  made  by  the  citizens,  we  are told,  to  dellroy  the  abbey,  and  much  plundering  and  (laughter  enfued.  For  which  rea- fon,  and  to  prevent  the  like  for  the  future,  Simon  then  abbot  got  leave  of  the  king  to build  a  wall.  This  wall  is  faid  to  reach  from  the  church  of  St.  Olave  to  Bootham-bar ,  and was  perfected  anno  12  66.(0).  .  , On  the  north  eaft  corner  of  thefe  walls  is  a  tower,  called  St.  Mary's  tower ,  in  which  sc.  Mary’* all  the  records  taken  out  of  the  religious  houfes,  at  their  diffolutions,  on  the  north  fide towr- Trent,  were  repofited.  It  feems  this  tower  had  been  originally  built  by  fome  abbot  of  this monallery,  and  probably  it  was  the  Simon  above,  for  the  prefervation  of  their  own  re¬ cords  from  lire,  in  a  place  not  likely  for  them  to  fuffer  by  that  element.  And  here,  as I  faid,  were  the  other  monaflical  records  brought  under  the  care  of  the  lord  prefident, and  kept  in  their  feveral  chefts  within  this  tower,  until  an  unforefeen  accident,  for  ever, difperfed  and  feparated  the  greatefl  part  of  them.  I  find  this  repofitory  had  antiently, alfo,  been  madeufe  of  as  a  place  of  fecurity  for  fome  of  our  royal  records  of  chancery, by  a  particular  grant  of  king  Edward  III.  to  one  John  de  S.  Paul  as  keeper  of  them  (fj. Yet  no  forefight  could  preferve  the  facred  magazine,  then  depofited  in  this  tower,  from fuch  an  unexpected  accident ;  and  our  painful  countryman  Mr .Dodfworlh,  had  but  juft  h- nifhed  his  tranferipts  of  thefe  valuable  remains,  when  the  originals,  with  the  tower  were blown  up,  in  the  fiege  of  York,  anno  1644.  and  mixed  with  common  dull.  Thele  are  the tranferipts  that  make  great  part  of  that  numerous  collection  of  manuferipts  preferred  from the  rancour  of  the  times,  and  afterwards  prefen  ted  to  the  Bodleian  library  at  Oxford  by Thomas  lord  Fairfax.  And  is  the  fubftance  of  what  the  learned  and  painfull  collector  calls his  (g)  Monaficon  Boreale  in  the  manuferipts.  However  the  records  themfelves  were  noc all  deflroyed  ;  for  we  are  told  by  Mr.  Wanley ,  in  his  extracts  from  Dodfworlh,  that  a careful  hand  had  fearched  the  rubbifh  for  them,  not  without  imminent  danger  of  his  own life  (h),  and  carried  a  great  part  to  the  archbifhop’s  archives  at  York.  1  hele  were  after¬ wards  in  cuflody  of  Charles  Fairfax  of  Menjlon ,  efq-,  where,  Mr.  Dodfworlh  fays,  he  again faw  them,  and  took  notes  out  of  them  ;  fix  weeks  after  they  were  blown  up  by  gunpowder in  the  fiege.  From  the  Fairfax  family  I  fuppofe  they  were  once  more  reftored  to  the  cuflody of  the  fteward  of  Sr.  Mary's  after  the  Ref  oration,*  and  depofited  in  the  chamber  where St.  Mary's  court  was  ufually  kept.  For  it  was  here  they  were  feen  by  the  late  induftri- ous  Mr.  Torre,  who  fet  himfelf  about  to  feparate  the  legible  ones  from  the  other  that were  defaced.  To  collect  them  into  different  rolls,  or  bundles ;  each  grant,  as  well  as  the bundle,  numerically  marked.  And  then  to  make  a  regifter,  or  catalogue,  of  the  whole  ; fo  that  the  religious  houfes,  and  towns  that  belonged  to  them,  being  alphabetically  dif- pofed,  any  of  the  originals  may  be  found  in  an  inftant.  I  his  curious  collection  of  an- tient  deeds,  fcfr.  fince  the  difufeof  St.  Mary's  court,  and  by  the  death  of  Thomas  Adams,  efq; the  laft  fteward,  is  fallen  into  the  hands  of  a  gentleman  in  York,  whofe  name  I  am  not allowed  to  mention.  Bur  yet  I  am  not  out  of  hopes  to  get  them  depofited  in  the  Min- fer  library  ;  the  prefent  pofi'effor  having  (hewn  himfelf  a  perfon  of  a  publick  fpirit  on all  occafio*ns.  I  am  the  more  happy  in  meeting  with  this  noble  magazine  of  antiquity  fince none  of  them,  as  I  can  find,  were  ever  before  printed,  either  in  th e.  Monaficon,  or  in  thofe additional  volumes  publifhed  under  the  name  of  captain  Stevens. M  Confirm  at  10  ttbbat.  S.  Mariae  ’Ebor.  diver  far .  liber- tat.  Vrimo  an.  Jac.  /.  13.  b.  it  pars  20.  pat.  2.  Car.  n. 10.  Rolls  chap. (tl)  Thorejb/s  ducat.  Leod. \e)  Lelandi  collect.  tom.  l.p.  z8.  incept  us  eft  a  Simone  ab¬ late  petrinus  mums  cinuiens  abbatiam,  incipient  ab  eccle- fa  S.  Olavi,  et  tendens  verfus  portamcivitatis  ejufdem  quae vacatur  Galmanhith;  nunc  H&DtljaiU-bar. (/)  Rex  concejfit  dom.  Joh.  de  S.  Paulo  cltrico  cufiod . rotulor.  &c.  in  locis  diverfis ;  et  particulariter  quidam  alii clavi  cujufdam  STriu,  ciflae  apud  Eborum,  in  abbathia beat.  Mariae  Ebor.  exifientis,  in  qua  quaedam  rotuli  et brevia  ejuflem  cancellariae  fmiliter  indudttntur,  Clauf.  ii. /.  3.  pits  \  .m.  23. ( g )  See  Wanley's  manuferipts  in  England,  See.  4149. from  vol.  VII.  VIII.  and  IX.  of  the  manuferipts  and vol.XClI.  f.  81.  vol.  XCV.  n.  2. (A)  Thomas  Tomfon,  homo  integerrimus,  maximum eorum  partem  ad  oTchiva  puhlica  archiepif.  Ebor.  extrema mortis  pcriculo,  dilduxijfet.  Junii  16,  1644 * Chap. VI.  of  St.  Mary’*  AbDev  at  YORK.  5?? The  prefent  condition  of  this  once  magnificent  pile  of  Gotbick  architedlure,  is  veryde-s/.  M»«t> plorable  ;  there  being  now  only  fo  much  left  of  the  cloifters,  6 ft.  as  is  reprefented  in  the  AEBEY- larger  place.  But  yet  we  may  lay  with  the  poet  that  it _ looks  great  in  ruin ,  noble  in  decay. The  late  ingenious  Mr.  Place,  who  lived  in  the  Manor,  took  pains  to  trace  and  meafure out  the  dimenfions  of  the  abbey-church,  or  cloifters,  from  the  ruins,  and  has  given  it  u5 at  three  hundred  and  feventy  one  feet  in  length,  and  fixty  in  breadth.  1  his  agrees  veiy near  with  the  annexed  plan  of  it,  which,  for  the  greater  cunofity  I  have  cauied  to  be taken  by  careful  hands  •,  that,  though  the  fuperftrudure  be  now  near  totally  coniumed, this  plan  may  convey  fome  idea  of  its  priftine  grandeur  to  poflerity.  What  has  contri¬ buted  much  to  the  almoft  total  deftruftion  of  it  was  fome  grants  from  the  crown,  for the  pulling  down  and  carrying  away  its  ftonc  for  the  reparation  of  other  buildings.  Anno 1701,  king  IVillmm,  at  the  petition  of  the  knights,  citizens  and  burgeffes  ferving  m  par- liament  for  the  city  and  county  of  York ,  and  others  the  juflices  of  the  peace  for  the  faid county,  under  his  fign  manual,  gave  licence  for  them,  or  fuch  as  they  fhould  nominate, to  pull  down  and  carry  away  fo  many  of  the  ftones  belonging  to  the  Manor ,  or  abbey of  York ,  as  fhould  be  fet  out  and  approved  of  by  fir  William  Robinfon ,  bart.  and  Robert Byerley ,  efq;  towards  the  rebuilding  of  the  county  goal  of  York.  Accordingly  a  large  and fpatious  liable  was  pulled  down,  and  with  other  Hone  of  the  abbey,  the  prefent  noble ftrufture  of  the  entile  of  Tork  was  chiefly  built.  Anno  1705,  queen  Anne  granted  off  fome more  Hone  from  this  abbey,  towards  the  reparation  of  the  parifh  church  of  St.  O^ave, then  become  ruinous,  and  the  parifhioners  unable  to  repair  the  fame.  Laflly,  anno  1717’ his  late  majefty  king  George ,  at  the  petition  of  fir  Charles  Hotham  and  fir  Michael  Whar¬ ton  burgeffes,  and  of  the  mayor  and  aldermen  of  Beverley ,  granted  licence  to  them,  for the  fpace  of  three  years  enfuing,  to  pull  down  and  carry  away  llone  from  the  difiolved monailery  of  St.  Mary  York ,  towards  the  reparation  of  the  church  of  St.  John  of  Bever¬ ley  ;  commonly  called  Beverley  minjlcr ;  then  in  great  ruin  and  decay.  Accordingly  a  great quantity  of  ftone  was  taken  and  carried  by  water  to  Beverley.  1  he  foundations  of  the wall  which  faced  and  ran  parallel  with  the  river,  were  of  late  years  dug  up,  which  I  my felf  faw  run  very  deep  in  the  ground,  and  all  afhler  ftone.  The  ftone  was  cariied  to  build the  Staith ,  or  Key ,  on,  which  is  now  at  Lendal-ferry.  The  kitchens  and  other  offices  of the  abbey  have  been  built  near  this  wall  •,  fome  veftiges  of  them  do  yet  appear.  They had  formerly  a  ftaith  or  landing  place  oppofite  to  a  fpring  now  made  ufe  ot  for  a  cold bath.  The  walk  by  the  river  fide  might  be  made  very  agreeable  were  it  well  planted  and laid  out ;  as  indeed  the  fite  of  the  whole  is  capable  of  making  one  of  the  fineft  things  of that  nature  in  England.  In  the  lords  prefidents  times  a  large  bowling  green  was  ufed  near the  ruins  of  the  church  ;  where  the  Scots  had  that  memorable  defeat  after  blowing  up  and entering  St.  Mary ’s  tower.  I  muft  not  forget  the  noble  ftone  vaults  which  are  ftill  in being  and  may  be  compared  to  any  thing  of  that  kind  in  Britain.  To  conclude  this  ac¬ count  of  its  prefent  ftate,  the  greateft  part  of  this  large  enclofure  is  now  a  pafture  •,  through which  a  foot  way,  by  fufferance,  runs  from  the  great  gate  of  St.  Mary  s  to  Lendal-ferry , and  enters  the  city  there  without  gate  or  poftern.  The  reft  of  the  ground  is  chiefly  dif- pofed  and  let  off  by  the  leffee  into  gardens.  The  houfe  was  fitted  up  and  is  inhabited by  the  prefent  pofieflor ;  and  there  are  feveral  tenants,  befides,  who  occupy  the  reft  of  the palace  that  is  now  tenantable. I  muft  here  begin  to  look  back  and  give  the  reader  an  account  of  the  firfl  foundation of  this  great  abbey,  witii  the  grants  and  beneficences  of  feveral  kings  to  it',  the  large  re¬ venues  which  were  bellowed  upon  it  by  the  nobility  and  others,  who  feemed  to  vye  with one  another  in  their  extraordinary  liberality  to  the  monks  of  this  convent.  The  abbot  had the  honour  to  be  mitred,  and  had  a  feat  in  parliament,  whence  he  was  always  ftiled  lord abbot-,  nor  were  there  any  but  this  and  the  abbot  of  Selby ,  in  the  north  of  England , which  had  that  privilege.  Whenever  he  went  abroad,  either  by  water  or  land,  his  re¬ tinue  was  numerous  and  grand;  and  it  was  little  inferior  to  that  of  the  archbifhop  of  the province.  He  had  feveral  country  houfes  to  retire  to  upon  occafion  ;  of  which  thofe  at Leighton  and  Overton  were  the  chief.  Thei'e  houfes  were  fituatedat  about  three  miles  diltance from  the  city,  north  and  fouth  of  it.  Overton ,  was  the  chief,  and  flood  upon  the  moft agreeable  fite  of  any  in  this  country.  The  old  houfe  was  ftanding  here  ot  late  years,  in the  parlour  of  which,  in  the  year  1661,  Dr.  Hutton  read  the  following  infeription  on  the wood-work  (i), $3off  tenebzas  lueem anno  iDom.  et  regni  regis  ^encict  feptimi  bicefimo  prtmo  Koberfus Manop  abbas  ©bozum  eoificart  fecit  tjoc  opus  nebunt,  cui  mcrccDcm  Oct  Dcus  almus, poll  tenebzas  fperans  luccm. 4 (i)  E v  MS.  D.  Hutton  in  biblioth.  Harley. 7  H There 57« St.  Mar  yV Abbey. Antiquity. Hiftory  of  its foundation. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. There  were  feveral  other  broken  inferiptions  and  coats  of  armories  then  in  the  windows but  none  wholly  legible  or  to  be  made  out.  They  had  a  fine  park,  well  flocked  with  ■fame’ at  Bemngburg,  near  this  hoofe ;  a  confirmation  of  the  grant  of  king  John  to  them  for making  this  park  may  be  feen  in  the  fequel  (£).  The  houfe  called  Overton-hall  continued in  the  crown  till  the  fifth  of  Elizabeth  when  ic  was  fold  to  one  John  Herbert-,  and  again the  thirteenth  of  the  fame  queen,  to  Elizabeth  Herbert,  for  feventy  five  pound  (l).  But the  lite  of  the  houfe,  with  the  park  at  Bemngburg ,  &c.  is  now  part  of  the  poffefiions  of John  Bourcbier ,  efq;  In  Ihort,  the  riches  of  this  monaltery  were  very  great,  and  their  pof- lcfiions  in  land,  £*.  very  extenfive,  as  will  be  fhewn  in  the  fequel.  At  the  diffolution its  yearly  revenues  were  computed  to  amount  to  one  thoufand  five  hundred  and  fifty  pound Jeven  (hillings  and  nine  pence  by  Dugdale-,  but  two  thoufand  and  eighty  five  pound  one fhilhng  and  five  pence  three  farthings  Speed.  Which,  confidering  that  thefe  computations were  then  ufually  made  by  thofe  that  had  a  mind  to  be  purchafers,  and  the  difference  of money  then  and  now,  the  bare  rents  of  the  lands  would  amount  to  an  inconceivable value  at  this  day. There  is  great  reafon  to  believe  that  there  was  a  monaflery  (landing,  at,  or  near  the  fite of  this  abbey,  m  the  time  of  the  Saxons  and  Danes.  There  is  great  authority  to  believe  thac it  was  built  by  Siward,  the  valiant  earl  of  Northumberland,  and  the  founder  was  buried  in at  (m).  The  mqnallery  was  then  dedicated  to  St.  Olave-,  SanSus  Olavus  the  Hanijh  kino- and  martyr ;  which  name  ic  retained,  even  after  the  conquerour  had  refounded  it,  till  bv by  William  Rufus,  it  was  changed  to  that  of  St.  Mary.  But  what  order  the  monks  of this  older  monaflery  were  of  is  not  known  ,  the  parifh  church,  adjoining  to  the  abbev Itill  retains  the  antient  name  of  its  firlt  patron  St.  Olave. „  The  origine  of  the  abbey  of  St.  Mary  will  be  bell  underflood  by  a  tranfiation  from j  .  Ltiand’s  collections,  of  an  abftract  that  induftrious  antiquary  made  from  a  little  book wrote  by  Stephen  the  firlt  abbot,  concerning  the  rife  and  foundation  of  the  faid  monafterv J  1'. z  Monaftictm  begin  the  account  of  this  famous  place  with  the  hiftory  of  its  origine  done by  turnon  lyarmck^  who  was  abbot  about  anno  1270  j  wherein  he  has  copied  what  was wrote  by  his  predecelfor  Stephen ,  and  brought  the  hiftory  of  it  to  his  own  time  (n)  From both  thele  authentick  accounts  we  fhall  be  able  to  make  out  a  tolerable  one  concern- low’  l0Undatl0n’  ^Cm  of  our  monaftery-  Iceland's  abftracft  will  run  in  Englifo  as  fol- Anno  D.om/  .io7^  and  twelfth  of  the  reign  of  William  the  great  king  of  England,  I  took upon  me  the  habit  of  a  monk  at  Whitby.  J For  there  were  in  that  place  certain  brethren,  who  led  an  heremetical  life,  to  whom  I  atfa- ciated  myfelf ;  the  chief  of  -whom  was  one  Remfridus.  M This  man  bad  dwelt  fame  time  at  Gerua  in  Northumberland,  where  faking  divine  contempla¬ tion,  be  became  an  hermit ;  to  whom  many  brethren  ajjbeiated.  ‘ The  place,  viz.  Gerua,  at  his  coming  to  it  was  only  inhabited  by  birds  of  prey  and  wild in  it  ,  b  ^  f°rmerly  b‘en  a  frui‘f“l  tiot  °f  Xnund  t0  tbe  f‘rvants  °f  that  dwelt But  Remfrid,  for  the  the  fake  of  leading  a  more  folitary  life,  took  leave  of  his  brethren,  who were  very  forrowfd  to  part  with  him,  and  came  to  Whitby.  But  there  alfo  the  fame  of  his fanfhty  brought  many  unto  him.  a  J  J At  which  place  I  being  joined  unto  them,  took  the  habit  of  a  monk  upon  me. Remfrid,  t tilth  the  confent  of  the  whole  fraternity  placed  me  as  chief  fuperintendant  of  tlx monaflery,  fo  that  I  was,  as  it  were,  abbot  elefi.  » A  certain  bprm  of  the  king's  called  Wilfiam  de  Percy,  who  had  given  the  place  unto  us, cbjeiving,  that  from  a  perfehl  defert,  we  bad  much  improved  the  ground ;  repented  him  of  tbe good  he  had  done  us  and  Jlrove  as  much  as  poffible  to  mifebief  us,  both  by  himfelf  and  followers in  order  to  make  us  fly  from  it.  J And  late  one  night,  having  colie  Sled  together  a  company  of  thieves  and  pirates,  became  up¬ on  us  and  forced  us  to  abandon  our  dwelling ,  took  every  thing  away  we  had-,  and  fuoh  as  fell into  his  hands  he  tranfparted  into  unknown  countries. There  was  a  place,  not  far  from  Whitby,  called  Leftingham,  which  belonged  to  the  kirn then  uninhabited  -,  but  of  old  it  had  been  famous  for  a  fociety  of  monks  and  refigiws  men ,B.r£*  hfn¥  ythi"S  fear ’  that  ?kcc  Uw&  f°‘eIy  under  the  kitg'p  power,  / was  confecraled  abbot  of  the  fame.  o  s  a  ,s  rower,  j iniuHh  Whirhv  L'f  f eP>  ieari"f  f/n  TTal  balr‘d'  was  m  cm,ent  ^  fr°m  « king  to  dfplauus  S  7  *  LeftlnSham>  and  de-firm  to  abide  there,  be  got  fhe (k)  Sec  charter  the  lalt  in  this  chapter. (l)  Rolls  chapel. (in)  An.  Dom.  1056  Jirenuus  comes  Siwardus  obiit  et JepultHs  eft  in  clauftro  msnajleui  fanBae  Mariae  extra  mu- T0S '  eMd',n  urbis> .  V**  W*  conftruxerat .  Ingulphus, f.  510.  Inmonafterio,  Galmanho.  Videetiam  ckron,  Saxon. fub  hoc  anno.  R.  Hornten.  Seward  was  a  Dane ,  and dedicated  his  monaltery  to  a  king  of  that  country  ca- nonifed  tor  his  martyrdom  to  the  chriftian  religion. (n)  Ex  libello  Stephani,  frimi  abba  t  is  coenobii,  coll tom,  IU,  365.  -Biblioth.  Bodleian  NE.  A.  3.  20. It Chap.  IV.  of  St.  Ma  r  y  's  Ab  b  e  y  at  YORK.  77 9 It  was  now  that  we  were  in  a  terrible  ft  ate  expo  fed  on  every  fide  to  drunkards  and  robbers,  st.  Mary' who  frequently  took  from  us  our  provifton ,  and  afflicted  us  with  fear  and  famine.  Abbey. About  this  time  I  became  intimately  acquainted  with  a  certain  earl  called  Alan,  of  a  moft  no¬ ble  family ,  being  the  fan  of  Eudo  carl  of  Britain  ;  who  commiferaling  our  condition ,  gave  us  a church  near  the  city  of  York,  dedicated  to  St.  Olave,  with  four  acres  of  land  adjoining  to  build offices  on.  And,  having  obtained  licence  from  the  king ,  he  kindly  pcrjwaded  us  to  come  thither and  make  it  the  feat  of  our  abbey. But  Thomas  arebbifhop  of  York  claimed  the  ground  given  us  by  Alan  to  belong  of  right to  him. However ,  when  the  king  cairn  to  York,  William  Rufus,  he  came  toviftt  us  in  our  new  mo¬ il  aft  cry  ;  and  feeing  that  the  building  was  too  ftrait  and  narrow  for  us,  he  projected  a  larger and  with  his  own  band  firft  opened  the  ground  for  laying  the  foundation  of  the  church  of  the  mo- nalhry.  Several  lands  which  are  not  here  necejfary  to  mention,  the  king  alfo  gave  towards  the ■maintenance  of  the  monks,  free  from  all  regal  exaction  for  ever.  Earl  Alan  gave  us  a  town  which is  in  the  fuburbs  of  the  city ,  near  the  church ,  upon  the  fame  conditions.  This  happened  anno .1088,  and  not  long  after  our  good  friend  Alan  dying ,  the  king ,  for  the  fake  of  his  foul ,  gave  us the  towns  of  Clilton  and  Oureton,  which  were  cf  his  demefie. Thus  far  Leland' s  abftraft  which  I  have  endeavoured  to  tranflate  verbatim,  in  order  to do  juftice  to  an  author  of  that  great  antiquity  as  our  abbot  Stephen  is.  But  this  account  be¬ ing  too  fhort  I  fhall  enlarge  it  from  that  of  abbot  Simon' s  printed  in  the  Monafticon  ;  the original  of  which  is  ftill  preferved  in  xht  Bodleian  Yxbrxry  pi  Oxford  (o). It  feems  the  conteft  about  the  four  acres  of  land  which  earl  Alan  had  given  to  thofe monks,  and  the  archbilhop  claimed,  was  very  confiderable.  The  prelate  fued  them  for  the fame  and  the  carl  defended  them  ;  but  the  matter  could  not  be  determined.  Whereupon  king William  I.  to  compofe  the  difference,  promiied  the  archbilhop  other  lands  in  lieu  thereof, and  fo  the  bufinefs  ceafed  for  that  time. But  anno  1088,  2  Will.  II.  that, king  came  in  perfon  attended  with  a  great  number  of nobility  to  Tork  ;  and  vifiting  this  monaftery  of  St.  Olave's,  he  found  the  fame  to  be  too little  for  fuch  a  convent  to  inhabit*  and  therefore  enlarged  their  ground  for  tfie  foundation of  a  new  church.  For  it  appears  by  his  charter  that  he  added  thereunto  the  church  it- felf  and  the  fite  of  the  abbey,  which  extended  from  Salmon,  a  place  fo  called  in  the  char¬ ter  to  the  banks  of  the  river  Oife  ;  together  with  the  Milndam. He  gave  other  lands  and  revenues  towards  the  fuftaining  thefe  monks;  Alan  their  friend and  fi r It  founder  beftowed  on  them ;  that  borough,  without  the  city  walls,  fome  time  called (ii;arlsbo?flugh  »  and  to  strengthen  the  abbey  with  the  defence  of  the  regal  authority  the  earl granted  the  advowlbn  thereof  into  the  king’s  hands. Anno  1089,  the  firft  foundation  of  this  abbey  was  Jaid  in  the  prefence  of  the  king, who  layed  the  firft  ftone,  and  many  of  his  principal  courtiers,  as  well  lords  fpi ritual  as temporal.  The  king  then  changed  the  dedication  of  the  church  from  St.  Olave  to St.  Mary. After  this,  when  Thomas  archbifhop  of  Tork  perceived  that  this  religious  houfe  daily increafed,  he,  through  the  perfwafion  of  fome  that  envied  jt,  renued  his  iuit  again  for  the faid  four  acres  of  land.  Stephen  the  abbot  thereupon  conluked  the  king,  and  he  in  a  great council  of  the  realm  held  at  Glouceftcr,  at  the  feaft  of  ounLord’s  nativity,  granted  to  the faid  archbifhop,  on  condition  that  he  waved  his  fuit,  tfie  church  of  St.  Stephen  (p)  in  T'ork, in  exchange  lor  die  faid  four  acres  of  land.  Befides,  abbot  Stephen  bimfelf,  that  he  might be  perfectly  reconciled  to  the  archbilhop,  added  of  his  own,  free  will  to  the  revenues  of  his fee,  one  carucate  of  land  in  Clifton  and  another  in  Heftington  (q). In  a  general  conflagration  which  burnt  down  the  whole  city,  temp,  regis  Steph.  this  former fabrick  was  deftroyed.  And  anno  1270.  it  was  begun  to  be  rebuilt  under  the  direction  of Simon  de  Warwick  then  abbot;  who  fitting  in  his  chair,  with  mortar  in  his  hand,  the Re  Ul  ms‘ whole  convent  {landing  about  him,  after  he  had  given  benedidlion  to  it,  &c.  laid  the  firft ftone  of  the  new  church;  which,  in  twenty  two  years  he  lived,  to  fee  finifhed  (r).  This was  the  very  fabrick  whofe  noble  remains  we:  fee  at  this  day. To  this  abbey  of  St.  Mary's  Tork  did  formerly  belong  thefe  fix  following  cells  (s).  st  &cc 1. St.  Beez,  or  St.  Bega  in  Cumberland.  St.  Beg  a  was  a  vailed  nun,  born  in  Ireland,  fhe built  a  fmall  monaftery  in  CouplanD,  on  the  borders,  not  far  from  Carlifte.  This  mo¬ naftery  was,  temp  Hen.  I.  given  to  the  abbey  of  Sf.  Mary's  Tork ,  by  William  Mefchines, fon  of  Ranulf  lord  of  Coupland,  for  a  cell  to  their  abbey  ;  together  with  feveral  lands  and tythes.  They  were  to  fend  here  a  prior,  and,  at  leaft  fix  monks  to  be  conftantly  refi- dent.  One Robert  \s  faid  to  have  been  the  firft  prior  of  this  cell  (t).  Valued  at  143/.  1  ys.  2 d.  ~ per  annum. (0)  C.illed  itnnales  monaft.  bentae  Maiiac  Eborum. Mona/1.  Ang.  v.  I.  />.  3S3.  The  f-me  book  in  the Bodleian  library  as  the  former. (/>)  Where  thischirch  Hood  is  now  unknown. (<j)  Mon.  Ang.  v.  \.p  386. (r)  Idem ,  ct  Lclaudi  coll. 4 b)  Mon.  Ang.  v.  I.  p.  393.  et  paginis  fubftquentibus . (t)  Lelandi  coll.  A  mon«ftery  called  Ned  drum,  in  the county  of  Domie  in  Ireland  was  alfo  given  to  this cell,  and  to  St.  Mar,' s  abbey  at  Yorlc,  by  John  de  Courcy, in  honour,  I  fuppofe  of  the  Irijh  pauonefs  St.  Bcez. Mon.  Ang.  v.  II,  p  1022. Wet  herbs  l. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. Wet  herbal,  6xWederha.ll,  in  Cumberland,  at  the  time  of  the  foundation  of  the  abbey  was given  ro  it  by  Radulpb  Mejcbines  earl  of  Cumberland.  Here  was  a  church  dedicated  to St  Conjlantine  to  which  feveral  benefactors  are  mentioned  •,  amongft  them  David  king  of Scotland,  and  his  fon  prince  Henry  are  the  chief.  Richard  de  Reme  was  the  fir  ft  prior. Valued  at  1 17/.  1 1  s.  10 St.  Martin's  at  Richmond,  or  near  it,  was  a  cell  given  to  this  abbey  by  Wymar ,  fewer to  the  earl  of  Richmond ,  with  feveral  lands.  Confirmed  to  it,  anno  1 146,  by  pope  Euge- nius.  The  feveral  rents  and  revenues  of  this  houfe  may  be  feen  in  the  Monajiicon.  John de  Poppylton  firft  prior.  Valued  at  43  /.  1 6  s.  8  d. Romburck,  in  CambridgeJfjire,  was  given  as  a  cell  to  the  abbey  of  St.  Mary  York,  by  Alan , fome  fay  Steven,  earl  of  Britain  and  Richmond.  Confirmed  to  it  by  Theobald  archbiffiop of  Canterbury,  Gaufrid  bifhop  of  Ely,  and  Everard  bifhop  of  Norwich.  And  that  the  ab¬ bot  and  convent  might  place  and  difplace  the  prior  and  monks  at  their  pleafure.  Humphrey de  Wouchum  firft  prior.  No  valuation. Sandloft  and  Henes,  in  Lincolnjhire.  Roger  Moubray  gave  the  ifle  called  Sandtoft  and  large pofleftions  with  it  for  a  cell  to  the  church  of  St.  Mary's  York.  And  William  earl  of  War¬ ren  gave  Henes  to  the  faid  monaftery.  Thomas  Plunketh  firft  prior  of  Sandloft  and  Henes. No  valuation. St.  Magdalene  The  cell  of  St.  Magdalene ,  near  the  city  of  Lincoln,  is  put  down  in  a  catalogue  of  the cells  belonging  to  our  monaftery,  of  which  one  Robert  de  Rotbwelle  is  faid  to  be  the  firft prior.  But  this  is  only  mentioned  in  the  colleftanea  j  though  the  reader  will  find  other proofs  of  it  in  the  fequel. I  now  come  to  the  immunities  and  privileges  granted  to  this  monaftery  by  William  Ru¬ fus,  and  his  fuccelfors  kings  of  England  \  which  were  very  great,  and  equalled  if  not  ex¬ ceeded  moft  of  the  abbies  in  the  kingdom.  By  the  charter  of  Rufus  was  granted  to  them the  following  immunities  ( u ), Immunities.  I  •  That  their  lands  be  exempt  from  all  regal  exactions. William  II.  2.  That  they  be  quit  of  all  pleas  and  quarrels  for  murder,  larceny,  feutage,  gelds,  and danegelds,  hidages ;  works  done  at  caftles,  bridges,  and  parks,  and  of  ferdwite.  He  aifo granted  to  it  breach  of  peace. 3.  Fightings  within  their  houfe,  invafions  of  their  houfe  *,  and  all  afiaults  upon  their men.  With  foe,  fac,  to!,  tem,  fnfangttjef,  and  utfangtjjef, 4.  And  further  granted  them  that  the  men  of  St.  Mary's  ftiall  not  be  compelled  to  at¬ tend  or  do  fuit  and  fervice  at  county  courts,  frpOpngS,  fcuapontafes  or  IjunDreDS.  That  if the  fheriff  or  his  minifterial  officers  have  any  caufe  of  quarrel  againft  the  men  of  St.  Ma¬ ry's,  they  ffiall  firft  acquaint  the  abbot  therewith  •,  and  at  an  appointed  time  ftiall  come  to the  gates  of  the  abbey  and  there  receive  juftice  and  right. 5.  This  king  likewile  granted  them  the  power  of  electing  their  abbot  from  amongft  their own  congregation. Henry  II.  King  Henry  II.  by  his  charter  ratified  all  the  before  fpecified  privileges,  and  further granted  to  abbot  Severius  and  his  fuccelfors,  &c.  to  enjoy  the  fame  laws,  liberties,  digni¬ ties  and  cuftoms  which  either  the  church  of  St.  Peter  in  York  or  that  of  St.  John  of  Beverley had  ever  enjoyed.  Whereof  this  efpecially  was  one,  that  when  York/hire  was  fummoned to  frrve  the  king  in  his  army,  then  the  abbot  hereof  ffiall  find  one  man  to  bear  the  ftan- darc!  of  St.  Mary  in  the  faid  hoft  •,  as  the  Faid  churches  were  wont  to  fend  theirs. Henry  in.  K ing  Henry  III.  confirmed,  by  infpeximus,  to  the  faid  abbot  and  convent  of  St.  Mary’s all  their  antient  liberties,  &c.  which  his  predeedfors  had  granted  to  them.  And  they were  likewife  confirmed  to  them  by  the  kings  of  England/ his  fucceftors,  moft  of  which confirmations  may  be  feen  amongft  the  records  of  the  tower  of  London,  as  by  Edward  I. ■Edward  II.  Edward  III.  Richard  II.  Henry  IV.  Henry  V.  Henry  VI.  Henry  VII.  and  even by  Henry  VIII.  who  by  a  large  charter  of  infpeximus  confirmed  all  thofe  liberties  to  them at  firft,  which  he  afterwards  took  from  them  (x). yifmtin.  'j  he  archbiffiop  of  York,  for  the  time  being,  had  power  once  a  year  to  vifit  this  abbey of  St.  Mary's,  to  correct  and  reform  the  fame  by  the  council  of  the  faid  religious  and by  five  or  fix  of  his  canons  of  the  belt  note.  Whence  it  was  that  in  the  year  1343, Wiid, 1  m  archbiffiop  of  York,  in  his  vifitation,  queftioning  by  what  right  and  title  the  abbot and  convent  here  did  claim  and  receive  the  tithes,  portions  and  penfions  from  feveral  places there  mentioned,  amounting  to  a  very  great  number  -,  they  produced  the  bulls  of  feveral popes,  and  grants  of  his  predeceffors,  archbifhops  of  York.  Whereupon  they  were  by  the laid  prelate  allowed,  and  their  title  declared  good  and  fufficient  (y). Order.  The  religious  of  this  houfe  were  black  monks  of  the  order  of  St.  Benedict-,  which  order and  habit  is  too  well  known  to  want  an  explanation  here.  There  is  one  thing  in  their 5  S  o S  .  MaRy’j Abbey. Wctheiliall. St.  Martin. Romburch. isandtoft  and Henes. («■'  Mon.  Ang.  t.  I.  p  387  ad  390. (jr)  A  copy  of  this  laft  chattel  is  in  my  poilcflion ; but,  by  rcalon  it  repeats  ail  that  was  granted  before,  it is  too  long  to  infert.  The  renewing  ot  thefe  charters of  liberties  was  n->t  always  gratis  ftom  the  throne;  for i  tind  that  the  abbot  paid  one  hundred  pound  for  it in  the  firft  of  king  John ;  a  grear  fum  in  thofe  days. Maddox  excheq.  p.  560.  Pro  cartis  renovnndis  tt  habend. confirm,  regis  pro  dccima  lenatiorits  Mag.  rot.  Joh.  anno prirno  rot.  8.  b .  p-  276. (y  )  M.  A.  ibidem. worfhip Chap.  IV.  of  St.  M  a  r  y  ’?  As  b  e  y  at  Y ORK.  5B1 worfhip  remarkable  however,  that  as  feveral  cathedral  churches  had  thei. -liturgies X,  Lum,  as  Turk,  Sarum ,  &c.  fo  this  monaftery  had  a  pfalter  or  office  compiled  for  — their  devotions  which  was  agreed  upon  and  publilbed  May  30,  1390,  and  ftyled  aw/ae- tudimrium  beatae  Mariae  Eborutn  ;  which  book  is  now  in  the  library  of  St.  John  s  college ^  I  have  before  hinted  that  great  animofities  and  divifions  were  Carried  on  betwixt tnavor  and  citizens  of  one  fide,  and  the  abbot  and  convent  of  St.  Mary  s  on  the  other,  mi about  their  feparate  jurifdiftions  and  privileges.  And,  by  what  I  can  gather,  were  not the  monks  well  fupported  by  the  civil  power,  their  fanftity  wou  d  fcarce  have  pro^d them  from  the  refentment  of  the  citizens;  who  feemed  to  watch  all  opportunities  to  deftroy them.  The  annals  of  the  convent  before  quoted,  mention  a  violent  fray  betwixt  them, anno  1262,  wherein  the  citizens  Dew  feveral  of  their  men,  and  burned  a  number  of  their houfes  out  of  Bootham-bar.  Simon  the  abbot  bought  his  peace  at  the  price  of  an  hundred pounds;  but  terrified  to  the  laft  degree  at  this  extraordinary  lnfult,  he  thought  fit  to  leave the  convent  for  a  year  or  more;  for  he  did  not  return  to  it  till  Chnjlmjs  1264.  Anno 1 266,  upon  the  inftance  of  divers  perfons,  the  citizens  of  York  were  reconciled  to  the  ab¬ bot  and  convent,  and  did  voluntarily  give  feveral  releafes  each  to  the  other,  with  a  laving -  of  the  liberties  of  each  party,  and  of  thofe  which  belonged  to  the  crown This  peace  did  not  continue  long,  for,  anno  1301,  pleas  were  held  of  the  liberties St  Mary’s  within  the  gate  of  the  faid  abbey;  and  there  fat  on  the  mrtden  of  the  purifica¬ tion  of  "the  virgin ,  Benfdicl  being  then  abbot,  the  king’s  juftices fit '  Ralph  de  Mettingham, miliam  de  Bereforlh ,  William  de  Hauward ,  Peter  Maleverer ,  E.  de  Bermngham ,  and  Lam¬ bert  de  Lrickingham  in  the  thirtieth  year  of  the  reign  of  king  Edward  I.  in  the  prelence  0 the  lord  Edward  prince  of  Wales. Anno  1308.  there  was  a  charter  obtained  for  the  liberties  of  Sr.  Mary  s,  and  confirmed by  kina  Edward  II.  in  the  firft  .year  of  his  reign,  that  there  frouM  be  a  fair  and  marke in7  Bootbam.  This  was  proclaimed  throughout  the  whole  county ,of  dark,  “d  was  inrolled in  chancery  ;  but  upon  the  earneft  follicitations  of  the  citizens  fetting  forth  the  great  da¬ mage  it  would  do  to  them  and  the  king’s  revenue,  the  fame  was  fome  time  after  revoked “n  Imtte'year  Martin, mfs  day,  fays  the  annals,  the  citizens  of  fork  came  with a  flrona  hand  and  did  fill  up  the  ditches  joining  upon  the.walls  of  the  abbey,  which  were made  by  Alan  the  abbot  againft  the  enemies  ot  England ,  fell,  the  Scots.  This  they  did, ”dds  my  authority,  at  the  inflation  of  Nicholas  Flem  mng  then .mayor,  and  others  of  the citizens!  amonglt  whom  one  sfzevaus  (z)  was  a  principal,  agamft  divine  law  and  regal ia&Anno  1316.  the  mayor  and  citizens  of  York  came  to  the  faid  abbey,  and  pulled  down  an earthen  wall  made  there ;  but  by  the  juft  judgment  of  God,  fiys  our  annalift,  five  of  ti workmen  were  killed  by  the  fall  of  it.  In  the  fame  year  the  mayor  and  citizens  made  a great  ditch  between  S.  Leonard’s  hqfpital  and  the  abbey.  And  thus  they  con  mued  to  vex one  another  till  archbifhop  Yborejby,  fcandalized  at  them  proceedings,  brought  them  .with much  ado  to  an  agreement!  and  indentures  were  interchangeably  fealed  and  delivered  b  - twixt  them  The  original  indenture  from  the  abbot  js  yet  amongft  the  city  records,  .t  is In  W  and  dated  January  .6,  1343  1  and  becaufe'l  take  it  to  be  fomewhat  curious  in deferring  the  diftinft  boundaries,  £*.  of  each  junfdiftton,  I  have  thought  fit  to  give  a !XIng  to  the  church  of  St.  Olave’ s,  and  adjudged  ,  for  the  convent in  the  confiftorial  court  of  Turk,  may  not  be  improper  in  this  place,  Maris “  Matter  Nicholas  de  Eafinvwald  procurator  for  the  abbot  and  convent  of St  Mary ..  3  fhews,  that ,  though  /t/abbey  hath  long  had  that  chapel  of  Sc  Olavd s  m  them  pro- «•  per  ufe,  yet  they  did  permit  the  pariihi.oners  to  meet  and  offer  .oblations,  £*.  Ye t  he,ri ng «  fhat  the  faid  parifhioners  intend  to  make  it  parochial  to  the  prejudice  of  the  ■  1  b «  he  did,  in  the  name,  of  his  faid  matters,  appeal  againft  them  m  the  cathedral  church  ot, S'.  Tori  Feb  4,  I3QO  .'pontifical,  Bonifacii  nonifccundo. “And  Afterwards  the  lame  procurator,  x-fe.  July  15,  .398.  exhibited^  articles  agamft “  three  women  viz  Johan  Park ,  Agnes  Chandler  and  Maud  Bell,  for  that  they  did  bury tTjohn  a n  inhabitant’  of  Fu  ford  in  the  chapel  yard  at  Ful/ord,  and  not  in  he “  chapel  yard  of  St.  Olave’ s,  where  fuch  inhabitants  ought  to  be  buried;  the  fame  being «  dme  without  confent  of  the  faid  abbot,  and  convent  of  St.  Mary .and  without  due  fo- “  lemnity  or  prieftly  funftion.  Now,  left  the  inhabitants  of  Fulford  alorefaid,  bv -  execrable  example!  ibould  be  drawn  to  commit  the  like  offence  the  court  enioyned  them -  for  pennance  that  the  faid  Johan,  Agnes  and  Maud  (hould,  within  three  days  then  next .«  following,  dig  up  the  body  of  the /aid  John,  and  carry  it  to  the 1  church yard of  Straws “  there  to.be  buried  with  due  folemmty.  And  further,  that  the  faid  Jooau, *c  Maud  fhould  go  in  proceflion  fix  Sundays  in  the  cathedral  church  of  Tor  ,  y (s.)  Sixth  and  feveoth  of  U.  n.  mcb.Jtjuyms,  was  reprrfenptive  in  Pailkmfnf  for  the  city.  See  the  lift 1313.  1 3 1 4-  7j  before St.  Mary’/ Abbey. Abbey jite. St.  Olave’/ thurch. St.  Marygatc Boutham. Tiie  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  I!. “  ^efo,re  tha  ptoceftion  of  the  faid  abbot  and  convent  in  the  church  of  St.  Mary’s-  fix ..  Sr  oT^°Ut  ZZTn  °V St  -fo'-efaid,  and  fix  Sundays  about  the  chapel  of t.  OJwald  at  Fulford ,  bareheaded  and  barefoot,  after  the  manner  of  penitents  each  of them  hold,  ng  a  wax  candle  in  their  hands  each  of  the  laid  Sundays.  And  that  hereafter <c  u7  nm  C°mmit  the  1,ke  offcnce>  a"d  ^11  fubmit  to  this  pennance  under  pain  of the  greater  excommunication;  and  to  this  they  were  made  to  fwear  upon  the  Zfpel In  quorum  omminn  tejhmon.  aliUe  fidem  prefemes  Hurts  mftras  ex  Me  fieri  fecimustcltim- males,  per  mapftrvm  Rogerum  de  Cathrick  clericum.  publicum  apaftclua  autlirUat,  Mariam f*'lue  ""finkm  el  regtftralorem.  iat.  £ *.  pmificatus  Bonifaeii  mm  mm  (T  ’ ,,n!„“u'  n,°,w  to  glv,e  an  account  thf  larg<=  pofielfions  and  revenues  which  were  bellowed whom  h  bbcey’  a,C,reveral  ''m“..by  the  pioufly  difpofed  perfons  of  thofe  days  ;  amongft hom  were  feveral  kings  and  princes,  with  the  nobility,  gentry  and  others  of  the  realm an  alphabeti1CT  ^  ^  “  dirP°fe  tha  “Ok®*  of  theft  Revenues  iit„ n  alphabetical  order  ;  in  relation  to  the  names  of  the  towns  where  their  ellates  laid  I cannot  copy  a  more  exaft  writer,  and  fhall  therefore  follow  him;  obferving  firft  that noffeffion  enters,uprn  3  the,towns>  he  begins  with  the  fite  of  the  abbey,  and  their polMons  ir .  and  about  the  city  of  York.  The  reader  mull  further  take  notice  hat  M  A lands  for  Monaft.  Ang.  R.  M.  is  Regiftrum  Marine;  which  book,  though ”  preferved foT&c  n''  7  dT  CrthedralV  B-  2-  0r  m°re’  is  put  for buaiE tbe  firj\ Vtlc-  thkr'l  N  rduhe  ‘ke  ;  refrrs  t0  the  orlginal  grants  yet  in  being.  J  ft  ,11 abhev  J  k  7  trtnfcr*eV  at  len§th>  “  many  of  thefe  valuable  remains  belonging  to  the l.  7  bef°re  Pnntcd-  Several  of  ^e  grants,  (Sc.  in  the  filter  ! addit  ons  torhe  M  ^ .P^bh(hedl  thouSh  “correAly,  in  the  fecond  volume  of  the tteaccounr  of  o^f  And.  n°w  fince  th«  ™lume  of  the  Momjticon  in  which rcEifter  With  Z  Z  ^  t”  C0nt31ned'  15  allmved  t0  be  authentickj  and  further  that  the rl 7’  ,  h  thc  ong'nal  grants,  are  yet  to  be  come  at ;  I  believe  1  may  venture  to  fav undeniable  evidence  ”  E”gland  an  Produce  many  authorities,  at  this  day,  offuch REVENUES  ( b ). ■  Alw  /'b'/'"  earl  of  Britain,  the  firft  founder,  granted  to  this  abbey  the  church  of  St  Olnr df  cS  1 \  ’  4od  avlfI *  ^  “  -  church  is  ft “  the R  alter  fon  of  Robert  Brut,  fold  unto  the  faid  abbey  one  toft  in  St  Manrate  R  vr  a rygJuin  Zw  R ^  ^  ^  ™  ^Ma- ftet&i^t  t^MaryX  ^  ^  ^  ^  WWch bVillmn,  Brum of  York  granted  thereunto  all  his  land  in  St.  Marygatc.  R.  M  6s tfTZZ  Ced  t0  u  0ne  meffuage  in  St.  Marygate.  'k.  M  64 the^urgh^k“^r'RaM869nted  “  abb<5t  a"d  C°nVent  here°fone  meirua§e ZmZdl  i°Tfrt7  granted  to  this  abby  one  toft  in  Butbum.  B.  20.  N-  4  R  M  -2 a"d  ^  ^  bne^place ^JobnBotM,  vtcar  of  K.rkby  Stephen,  granted  to  it  one  toft  in  the  town  of  Be, Mam ^  M  From  fir  i  W  5  mamifcripr,  who  fays  the  ori- gma!  tranfcript  from  the  record  was,  in  his  time  in the  pofTelfion  of  Mr.  Bellvcood  vicar  of  St.  olave’s J  ■  Tl.  S'Ve  an  idea  of  the  yearly  revenues '  Z  31  C“,y  aS  ,he  1 9  H«.  H.  «„»«  ,  ,7,,  I  n,all •  Sum" °"OW,n«f 1 of  fome  payments  our  of  them Ct  tta  rh  r  Tf  li"S'F  hands;  AbUuai, H-tlCttmtll  Godefrrdus  de  Lucy  rejji,  , ompwum  J,  [0 mud,  to  hereof  pa.t,  i,  « „ri, hm'  ’f’ •  «  "™  »  e««™  erm'e  „  /.  t,Z ienduriorum  hie  anno,  it  m  operation  eccl.  lv  l.  tt  VI,  , hoc  anno-  tt  precevton  tccl.  me.  Tv.,/,  aj  faemjot hbro,  eeelefi ,  „  faerijk  ej„fj,w  ,cd,f  s  x ,  x,  j ad  laminaria  ,t  vef! imma  „  alia  ornaments  ecel.  hoc  an - no  -,  et  camernno  eccl.  xxxvi  /.  et  xv  l  i.s .  et  n.  d  ad vefiimenta  monacbcrum  hoc  anno-,  et  ad  procurationem  mo- nacbor.  C  et  lvii  /.  etxxns.  et  nd.  be  anno-  et  ce- lerano  ecclej.  ad  pottim  monacbcrum  xml.  et  viij  et ix  d.boc  anno,  monaebis  ejufdem  ecclefie  c  et  v  j.  et  vm  J. veteris  monete  ad  faciend.  calieem  vel  text  urn  in  obfeqvio ecclef.  per  breve  regis.  Mag.  rot.  19  Hen.  II.  3,.  Mad¬ dox  s  cxcheq.  p.  211.  p. Reginald Chap. IV.  of  St.  Marv’s  Abbey  at  YORK.  583 Reginald ,  fon  of  Thomas  de  Clifton ,  granted  to  it  one  toft  in  Boutbam.  R.  M.  72.  st  Mau’; Cecily ,  late  wife  of  Thomas  de  Carleol  of  Boutbam,  granted  thereunto  all  her  melfuages  Abbey. which  Ihe  had  within  the  liberty  ol  St.  Mary  of  Boutbam.  R.  M.  74. Richard  Rujfel  citizen  of  2ork ,  granted  to  it  all  his  land  in  the  ftreet  of  Boutbam ,  which lies  weftward  towards  the  city  ditch.  R.  M. Hanco  le  Grant  citizen  of  York,  granted  to  Simon  abbot  thereof  a  certain  piece  of  land in  Boutbam.  R.  M.  7 6. Adam ,  fon  of  Alan  Romand,  granted  to  Robert  de  Bello  Campo  abbot,  He.  all  his  land in  Boutbam  on  the  eaft  fide.  R.  M.  76. Roger,  fon  of  Hugh ,  granted  to  this  abbey  all  his  land  in  Boutham-fireet ,  lying  weft  ot the  port  de  c^almanlttb-  R.  M.  77. OJbert ,  porter  of  St.  Mary’s,  granted  thereunto,  efpecially  to  the  infirmary  ot  the  laid abbey,  all  his  land  in  Boutbam.  R.  M.  79. Paulinus ,  clerk,  fon  of  Stephen  de  Sbupton,  granted  to  the  fame  infirmary  one  toft  and half  in  Boutbam.  R.  M.  79. John  de  Gilling,  parfon  of  Smytbton ,  &c.  demifed  and  releafed  to  it  eleven  mefiuages  and ten  acres  of  land  in  Boutbam.  And  twelve  acres  of  land  and  one  of  meadow  in  a  place called  ipurtcbufec.  R.  M.  115. Anno  12 86.  William  Mauger ,  being  upon  a  pilgrimage  to  Rome,  made  his  will  and  be-  Pctcrgatc. queathed  in  perpetual  alms  to  this  abbey  of  St.  Mary  the  reverfion  of  all  his  land  in  Peter- gate.  R.  M.  54.  .  „ William  a  goldfmith,  fon  of  Godwin ,  granted  to  the  abbey  of  St.  Mary  one  land  in  ga^ra“gc‘' ^WalUrJ* goldfmith  of  York,  granted  to  this  abbey,  towards  the  fuftentation  of  the  injir-  G°d>eramgate mary  (c),  a  certain  land  againft  the  church-yard  of  St.  Trinity  in  Gotberomgate.  R.  M.  5<j. B.  24.  N*  23. Robert  Kikelot  and  Margery  his  wife  granted  to  Simon  abbot  hereof  all  his  land  with  a'  Fifiicrgate. mefluage  in  Fijhergate. Lambert  Talliator  in  York  granted  to  this  abbey  all  his 'land  in  Ufegate,  v/hich  extended  Oufl-gate. in  length  and  breadth  between  Ufegate  and  Coppergate.  R.  M.  si-  And  one  Wigot  gave thereunto  all  the  land  that  he  had  in  Ufegate.  M.  A.  588. Emma,  daughter  of  William  de  Tikehill  of  York,  granted  unto  it  two  tneftuagGs  in  Wahn-  Walmgate. gate  in  the  parifti  of  St.  Mary.  R.  M.  58. Emma,  daughter  of  William  de  Tikehill,  granted  thereunto  all  her  land  in  Micklegate.  And  Micklegate. three  mefluages  in  the  fame  ftreet  which  are  fituate  on  the  weft  fide  of  St.  Martin’s  church yard.  R.  M.  58. Mainerus ,  fon  of  Richard  artificer  of  Durham ,  granted  to  it  one  meflliage  in  Sceldergale  Skeldergate. againft  the  church  of  Sr.  John.  R.  M.  58. Roger,  fon  of  Bernulf,  granted  to  it  his  land  whereon  he  dwelt  in  Monkgate.  R.  M.  86.  Monkgate. Alice,  daughter  of  Richard  Grafcy,  late  wife  of  Hamo  le  Graunt ,  granted  thereunto  all her  land  in  Monkgate.  R.  M.  86. King  William  the  conqueror  gave  to  this  abbey  one  carucate  of  land  at  Cpunkcbrigcjc. M.  A.  387. OJhert  de  Arches  gave  to  this  abbey  two  manfures  of  land  in  York.  M.  A.  390. And  one  Groceline  gave  four  other  manfures  of  land  in  York.  M.  A.  388. Richard,  fon  of  Fin,  granted  to  this  abbey  the  church  of  St.  Wilfrid  in  York ,  with  alls*.  Wiifrid’s the  lands  appertaining.  R.  M.  55.  church. Lambertus  the  chaplain  granted  to  k  the  church  of  St.  Andrew  with  all  its  purtenanciess;.  AndrewVl whereon  it  is  founded,  being  of  his  patrimony.  R.  M.  57. King  William  the  conqueror  gave  thereunto  the  churches  of  St.  Saviour  and  St.  Michael  st.  Saviour, at  Oufebridge-end.  M.  A.  394.  _  ^  St •  M11-'*1201- Nigell  Foffard  granted  to  the  fame  the  church  of  St.  Crux  in  York.  St- Crux- Elyas  Flour,  fon  of  William  de  Merkington,  granted  to  it  all  his  land  in  the  fuburbs  of  Newbigging. York  in  JieiMbtfJgtng.  R.  M.  82. Reginald  Car  ay fer  and  Maud  his  wife  granted  thereunto  all  his  land  in  Newbigging.  B.19. N°.  42.  R.  M.  83. Thomas  Fitz-Thomas  Fitz- Gerard  gave  to  it  all  his  land,  which  he  had  in  the  fuburbs  of York  between  the  abbey-grange,  Gfc.  R.  M.  83. Michael  de  Roumangour  and  Gundreda  his  wife  gave  thereunto  two  tofts  in  Newbigging- fireet.  R.  M.  85. William  the  conqueror  gave  to  this  abbey  four  carucates  of  land  in  Apelton.  M.  A.  I.  Ape’.ton. 387-3  9°-  ■  '  •  . (c)  Every  religious  houfe  had  an  infirmary  belonging to  it  both  for  the  care  of  their  own  tick  and  other  cha¬ ritable  ufes.  The  brafs  mortar  made  ufe  of  to  pound their  drugs  or  fpices  here,  is  yet  in  being.  I  faw  it at  Mr.  Smith’s  bell-founder  in  Micklegate,  but  .is  fince fold  to  Mr.  Addington  perfumer  in  ih,c  Mmjler-yard Round  the  verge  is  this  infeviption,  COORTAKIUCO. 8EI.  jOj)IS.  GUJAN86L.  DC.  leFlRtO^RlTC.  B6. C0AR16.  6BOR.  FR.  LUILLS.  D6.  TOVT))ORP. C06.  F6EIT.  A.  D.  COXEE.VIIE Ofberi 5S+  The  HISTORY  an'd  ANTIQUITIES  BookII. Marv‘j  Ojberl  lie  Arches  gave  thereunto  three  carucates  of  land  and  half  in  Apelton  and  the  miln- Abbey.  dam.  B.  2.  N°.  42. Robert  de  Brus  gave  to  it  the  manor  of  Apelton,  M.  A.  I.  388. Robert ,  fon  ot  Walter  ole  SkegneJJe,  granted  thereunto  half  a  carucate  of  land  in  Apelton, Which  he  held  of  Simon  de  Kyme.  B.  4.  N°.  7.  B.  19.  N°.  66.  B.  2.  N°.  29. Wiliam  de  Doncafter  releafed  to  it  one  toft  and  twenty  acres  of  land  in  the  town  of  Apel- ton.  B.  4.  I\".  1 2. Job:,  fon  ot  Alexander  de  Burdevile ,  granted  to  it  three  oxgangs  of  land  in  Apelton  fu- pra  Wyjke ,  and  alfo  certain  annual  rents.  B.  4.  N".  23. Anno  1367,  Adam  de  Thornton  clerk,  granted  to  it  three  meffuagesand  three  oxgan°-s  of land  and  patturage  in  Apelton  fupra  Wyjke.  B.  9.  N°.  53.  R.  M.  3S6. Anno  12.63,  fir  Philip  de  Fauconberge,  knt.  granted  thereunto  two  cultures  of  land  in the  territory  of  Apelton.  B.  2.  N°.  18.  B.  19.  N°.  48. Alfo  three  places  of  meadow  in  Apelton  wettings.  B.  14.  N°.  7. Sir  John  de  Reygate,  knt.  granted  to  it  all  his  land  in  Apelton.  B.  14.  N.  12. Sir  Philip  de  Fauconberge ,  knt.  granted  to  it  four  acres  of  wood  with  the  foil  in  weft- wood  at  Apelton.  B.  19.  N".  48.  77. Anno  127!,  Walter ,  fon  of  fir  Philip  de  Fauconberge,  pafTed  by  fine  unto  Simon  abbot  of St.  Mary’ s,  (Ac.  one  miln,  two  hundred  acres  of  land  and  ten  acres  of  meadow,  and  thir¬ teen  /hillings  and  eight  pence  rent  at  Apelton  in  the  Aynjli.  R.  M.  270.  283.  284.  262. John  dcGillings ,  dwelling  in  Apelton  juxta  Spaunton,  granted  to  this  abbey  one  mefiuage and  nine  acres  of  arable  land  in  Apelton.  R.  M.  19 1. Robert  Page  of  Apelton  juxta  Spaunton ,  granted  thereunto  all  his  land  which  he  had  in  the town  and  territory  of  Apelton.  R.M.  194. William ,  fon  of  Severic  de  Apelton,  granted  to  it  three  acres  of  land  in  Apelton.  R.M.  197. And  alfo  by  another  charter  one  oxgangofhnd  there.  R.  M.  198.  1 Ralph  de  Clerc ,  by  the  affent  of  Mabilla  his  wife,  granted  thereunto  the  wood  called Calangta.  R.  M.  266. John  Harrald  and  Simon  de  Wodapelton  granted  to  this  abbey  one  mefluage  called  a  toft and  croft,  together  with  one  oxgang  of  land  in  Wodapelton.  R.  M.  369. Abirton.  Stephen ,  earl  of  Britain ,  granted  to  this  abbey  his  tithes  of  AbiRon ,  in  Cambridgejhire  ; fo  likewife  did  Maud  the  wife  of  Walter  Deyncouri.  M.  A.  I.  387.  389. Aradcr.  Stephen,  earl  of  Albermarle ,  granted  thereunto  five  oxgangs  of  land  in  Acajler.  MAI 387- John  Malebyjje  granted  thereunto  half  a  carucate  of  land  in  Utler-Acalier  B  ;  N1  16 R.  M.  37s.  '  •  ■  ■ Richard  Malebyjje  granted  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  Utter- Acajler.  B.  7.  N“.  34. Thomas,  parfon  of  Acajler,  granted  to  it  his  third  of  twelve  acres  of  land  in  Acatler. R'  M-  375-  374' Alwardthorp.  Stephen,  earl  of  Albermarle,  granted  to  this  houfe  of  St.  Mary  one  carucate  of  land  in Alward-tborp.  M.  A.  I.  387. Adam  Filz  Snvain  gave  to  tliis  abbey  the  hermitage  of  St.  Andrew.  M.  A.  I.  389. Maud,  wife  to  Godard  the  fewer,  granted  to  it  the  town  of  Amerjett.  M.  A.  I.  389. Walter  de  Renningwood  granted  to  this  abbey  twenty  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  Anloneby. M.  A.  I.  390. AJkctell  de  Furneis  granted  thereunto  two  parts  of  the  tithes  of  his  demefnes  in  Ayn- derby. (d)  Robert  de  Mainill  granted  to  the  fame  the  town  of  Alitone.  B.  13.  N-.  24. William  de  Scuris  granted  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  Aclom.  B.  19.  N°.  36. Alan  Rufus,  earl  of  Britain,  granted  to  this  abbey  the  church  of  St .Botolph  mBoJton,  com. Line,  with  one  carucate  ol  land,  and  the  miln-dam.  Stephen  earl  of  Britain  confirmed  it M.  A.  I.  390.  387. Berenger  de  Todeni  granted  thereunto  one  carucate  of  land,  in  HinBefljW  in  *cfc.  M  A .39°- Berenger  de  Todeni  granted  to  the  fame  the  church  of  Binbroke  with  eighty  acres  of  land rn  com.  Line.  M.  A.  I.  390. William  Afchelill  granted  it  the  miln  againft  Bunebroc.  M.  A.  I.  389. Walter  de  EJlois  granted  thereunto  the  church  and  one  carucate  ol  land  in  Banham. M.  A.  I.  3S7.  390. Hugh,  fon  of  Robert  German  of  Bramham,  granted  to  it  three  acres  of  land  in  Bramham B.  23.  N”.  12. Ribaldus  of  Middleham  granted  to  this  houfe  four  carucates  of  land  in  Brinflon  M-  A  I 394- Stephen,  earl  ol  Britain,  granted  to  it  the  church  of  Bringjlune.  M.  A.  387. Stephen,  earl  of  Britain,  gave  thereunto  the  church  of  Bodton.  M.  A.  I.  390. (4)  This  is  a  miftakc  in  Mr .  Terre,  in  the  original  grant  it  is  Miione,  and  not  Alitone. Amorfltt. Anloneby. Ayndeiby. Aiiton. Aclom , Bofton. Bek. Binbroke. Banham. Bramham. Biindon. Bolroo. Hemerius Chap. IV.  of  St.  Mary’s  Abbey  at  YORK.  j8y Hummus,  fon  of  Archill,  granted  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  Bolton.  R  M  274 Richard  de  Rullos  granted  to  this  abbey  the  church  of  Bolton  fuper  Swale,  and  two  ox- A”**- ^IcarL^dfrunjiat  granted  unto  it  a  certain  land  in  Bolton  called  MalttlCOfS  IStmD,  con¬ taining  two  acres.  R.  M.  275.  , ,  .  .  . Thomas,  fon  of  Elias  de  Bellerby,  releafed  to  Simon  abbot  thereof,  t£e.  all  the  right which  he  had  in  four  meffuages  and  half  a  carucate  of  land  which  he  had  in  Bolton  fupra Swale,  together  with  its  church  ;  which  is  a  chapel  to  the  mother  church  ot  Caltenck . R'stlphelte arl  of  Britain,  granted  to  it  the  church  of  Patrick  Brunton,  and  one  carucate  Brunt™, of  land.  M.  A.  390.  378. Bardolf  granted  the  fame.  M.  A.  388.  . Robert  de  Muflers  granted  to  this  abbey  four  carucates  of  land  and  the  church  at  Brun - ”a‘steptm,  ^.i\o{ 'Britain,  granted  to  it  his  tithes  of  Bafmgburg,  in  Cambridgjhire.  M.A.M"gW' ^  ^Bernard  de  Baillol  granted  to  it  the  church  of  Bernard-cajlle.  M.  A.  393.  Bemard.caflle. Nigel  Fojfard  granted  thereunto  the  church  of  Baynton,  and  one  carucate  of  land  with  his  Baynton. tithes  there.  M.  A.  399.  ,  _  .  .  , Stephen,  earl  of  Albemarle,  granted  to  it  three  carucates  of  land  in  Bulford.  M.  A.Bulford. 387. Robert  de  Stutevile  granted  to  this  houfe  the  tithes  of  his  demefnes  in  Butter  cram ,  and  one  Buttercram. oxgang  of  land  there.  M.  A.  388. Gosfred  Bainard  granted  to  the  fame  the  church  or  Tiurton  and  the  tithes  thereof  JM.  A.  Burton. 388.  R.  M.  356.  c Ivo  T alboys  granted  to  this  abbey  the  church  of  Burton  in  Kendale ,  and  one  carucate  or land.  M.  A.  389.  . Maud,  wife  of  Walter  D'eyncourt,  granted  thereunto  the  land  $Mtty\\\U]UXta  Burton  in Lincolnjhire.  M.A.389.  _  _  _ IVilliam  de  Ruf/nar  granted  to  the  fame  the  church  of  Burton  in  Holdernefs.  R.  M.  354* Alan  de  Spineto  and  Adam  de  Burton  granted  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  Burton.  R.  M. Walter  de  Spineto  granted  to  it  twenty  acres  of  land  and  pallure  in  Burton  which  lay  near Hornfey-meer  nn  fnmV»  R  354*  „  , Goisfrid  Bainard  granted  to  this  houfe  the  land  in  Butterwick,  as  belonging  to  the  church  Butterwyk. of  Burton.  M.  A.  388. Robert,  fon  of  Durand  de  Butterwyk,  granted  to  it  the  advowfon  of  the  t-hurch  at  But¬ terwyk.  R.  M.  35^*  r ,  .  .  ,, Richard,  fon  of  Richard  de  Butterwyk,  gave  thereunto  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  Butter-  Ry*lc. wyk  in  Rydale.  R.  M.  219.  ■  ,  . Emma,  daughter  of  Walter  de  Butterwyk,  granted  alfo  one  oxgang  ot  land  with  two tofts  and  crofts  in  Butterwyk.  R.  M.  220.  . Bertram  de  Verdun,  granted  to  this  abbey  the  church  and  two  hides  of  land  in  Bojward.  Bofward. Robert  de  Bridfale  granted  the  church  of  Bridfale.  M.  A.  I.  389.  Bndfalc. Alan,  the  fon  of  Waldave,  granted  the  miln  in  Bridfale.  M.  A.  I.  389. Everard  de  Breddale  granted  to  this  abbey  half  a  carucate  of  land  in  the  territory  of Breddale.  R.  M.  3x2. Robert,  fon  of  Nicholas  de  Breddale,  granted  to  it  half  a  carucate  of  land  with  the  capital melfuage  in  the  town  and  territory  of  Breddale.  R.  M.  372. Henry  Waleys  alfo  granted  half  a  carucate  of  land  in  Breddale.  R.  M.  372. Ivo  Talboys  granted  thereunto  the  church  of  Bethum,  and  the  land  called  ^atJCthefe.Bethum. M.A.  I.  389. IVilliam  Afchetill  granted  to  it  two  milns  in  Belton.  M.  A.  389.  Belton. Walter  Deyncourt  gave  to  it  the  church  with  three  carucates  and  half  of  land  with  two milns  in  the  fame  town.  M.  A.  3  89. Walter  D’eyncourt  granted  to  it  his  tithes  in  Blankennai.  M.  A.  389.  Btmkncy. Afcatill  Swale  granted  to  it  two  carucates  of  land  in  Bramtone.  M.A.  387.  Bramton. Wallbeof,  fon  of  Gofpalrick,  granted  to  it  the  church  of  Brounfeld  with  the  corps  of  his  Brounfeld. manor.  M.A.  389. Godard  the  fewer  granted  to  it  the  church  of  Botle.  M.A.389.  0  '• William  de  Grymeftone  granted  two  acres  and  one  rood  of  meadow  in  Bradelemgham.  Bradlingham. B.  19.  N°.  22. Maud,  late’  wife  of  John  Nuvell,  granted  to  this  abbey  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  Bering-  Beningburg. burg.  B.  21.  N°.  58.  . John,  fon  of  Walter  de  Marifco',  granted  to  it  fix  oxgangs  of  land  in  Bemngburg. R.M.  13 1. ?K And j8<5 St.  Mary' Abbey. Bilburgh. Bugthorp. Barton. Clifton. Caterick. Croft. Curtune. Cottingwith, Carthorp. Cokwald. Chcvcrmont. Claxton. Clapham. Colgrim. Crown. Corby. Cotes. Cartune. Crogelinc. Cunquintun. Colby. Cokermouth. Colton. Danby. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookII And  alfo  all  <0;ijcriDillg,  and  that  aflart  called  ©aff.-croff*,  and  klnrrh  a  c few  of  land  upon  JUnsUmM  together  with  one  oxgang  of  meadow.  R M fiVt- R. Mx'f  S  S  granKd  thereunt00ne  oxgang  of  land  in  Benmgburg. Robert  de  Benmgburg  granted  to  it  all  his  land  in  Beningbur r  Ivin*  between  th,  „„ of  Richard  de  MalbyJJe  and  the  eafl-end  of  the  town  R  M  i  L  °  th  W  garden &?ntedAtouthh  abLbey  oxgang  of  land  in ' Bcninghurg  which  he  had  of  the gift  of  John  Nuveil,  and  three  other  oxgangs  there  R  M  I  122  0t  the *  Benm^  Sranted  thereunto 'three  oxgangs  of  land  in  Beningburg. Robert  deUfegate,  redtor  of  St.  Crux  church  York,  granted  to  it  three  acres  of  land three  roods  of  meadow  in  Benmgburg.  R.M.  I.  135.  ores  ot  land  and lJ'J  Sh?ncK  kniSh;-  granted  to  this  abbey  all  his  land  in  the  territory  of  Bilk burg  ;  as  well  in  demefnes  as  fervice.  R.  M.  I  378  "  or  mUc- L  ^  Mor,imtr  granted  to  it  twenty  acres  of  land  in  the  territory  of  Bilburg.  R.  M. SiScS.  %  A.  t™sPh  8ranted  t0  ^  3bbey  °f  St-  Mary'%  the  Cdi'0f ^  Baliftunus  granted  to  it  his  tythes  in  Bugthorpe.  M.  A  I  387  oao «5S%£  r  S'"  «—  ” 11 L ,»  „r» a. King  William.  Rufus  granted  to  this  abbey  the  town  of  Clifton.  M.  A.  I.  387 in  Cl^t:i:lf9rain’  SranKd  “  "  ninecarucates  and  3  half  “wards  the  water-fide BnfX  SrmeA  ^  “  °f ' »  which  %**.  earl  of tl/ town!’  SAf  thereUnt°the  Churdl  °f  Cr°f‘-  and  the  f“tth  part  of Enifanl  Murdake,  or  Mufard,  granted  the  fame.  R.  M.  II.  272 gaYe  to  it  the  chapel  of  Curtune.  M.  A.”  oqo,  307 AW/  granted  ”  thls  abbey  two  carucates  of  land  in  Cottingwith.  *  M.  A.  304 gvanted  af?  1°  lt  four  carucats  of  land  in  Carthorpe,  M.  A.  394.  394' c^ZuuZ%T  tythes  of  his  demefne  lands  and  two  oxganga  of  land  in M^fss  *  T°de"ai  granted  w  the  fame  half  a  carucat  of  land  againft  Chevermnt , ho  Talleboys  sranred  to  it  three  carucats  of  land  in  Claxtone,  M.  A.  380 M.A.nL?i.g3r  °  thechurch  of  claphami  with  °”  carucate  of  land- 'william  Afchetill  granted  to  it  two  carucats  and  a  half  of  land  in  Colegrim,  M.  A  I  ,80 A  an  de  Crown  granted  thereunto  half  a  carucate  of  land  in  Crown.  M  A  2S0  3  9' Walter  D  eyncourt  granted  to  it  all  his  tythes  in  Coreby.  M  A  380  * * M.  A  3S^  SW,‘eSranCedoneCarUCate  of!and  in  Corl>y>  with  the  wood  belonging. Walter  D' eyncourt  gave  alfo  to  it  his  tythes  in  Cotes. And  in  Cartune.  M.  A.  389. id“?d\?~Swane  Sran^d  '°  -the  fame  three  Parts  of  Crogeline  with  its  church. And  half  a  carucate  of  land  in  Cunquintune.  M.  A.  389. Enifant  Filx-Walter  granted  one  carucate  of  land  in  Colby.  ’  M.  A.  380 M “9  ^^granted  t0  ic  fou««n  falmons  yearly  out  of  his  pifc'ary  in  Cokermouth. R.1 'uAl.fdu  °f  Sym"  d‘  C°Um  granKd  t0  thiS  abbey  °ne  oxgang  of  his  ,and  in Berenger  de  Yodenat  granted  to  this  abbey  three  carucats  of  land  in  Dalby.  M  A  300 Elyas  do Famvtll  releafed  to  Symon,  abbot  thereof,  all  his  land  in  the  town  of  Doth-  to- gether  with  his  miln  and  fuit  to  the  fame*  and  alfo  the  advowfon  of  the  church.  'B.  14, rfe  °r  AUnc  a!  flaumvil1’  releafed  to  the  raid  abbot  Symon  all  the  right Nb  b  had’  by  reafon  of  dower,  in  the  wood  of  Dalby,  called  Dalby-Buxtby.  B.%. S, Fwn'  T"}  °LBri‘ain’  gtaotodtoitthewoodofOnBiy-saTO,;.  M.  A.  I  387  300 William  de  la  Mara  granted  thereunto  one  carucate  of  land  in  Danby.  R  M  ’ Danbyma r“m.  I™ 25!”'°  Branted  “  "  tWdVC  aCfeS  °f  land  and  certain  houfes  in' Parva- aad  three Nigell Chap.  IV. of  St.  Mary’*  Abbey  at  YORK. 587 Ntgell  Fojfard granted  to  this  abbey  the  church  of  Doncajler  (e),  and  fixteen  manfures  of*  MasyV land  in  the  fame.  M.  A.  I.  394.  Abbey-. OJlrede  de  Mideltone  granted  to  it  one  carucate  of  land  in  Bibs.  M.  A.  388.  Doncafter. Berenger  de  Todenai  granted  his  tythe  in  Balton.  M.  A.  388. M ^389  Swak  SrantCd  t0  th‘S  abby  °ne  CarUCate  and  a  half  of  land  in  Dunsfirl  “fori. King  Henry  I.  confirmed  to  this  abbey  all  their  land  from  the  river  Dim  as  far  as  the  Dun  fit water  of  Sivena  ;  as  they  formerly  ufed  to  enjoy  it  before  it  was  afforrcfted,  £*.  B.  o.  N°.  3. Robert,  fon  of  Stephen  de  JVefl-Cottingwic,  granted  to  this  abbey  all  the  right  which  he  Derwent,  fl. had  in  applications  navium ,  et  in  carcatione  in  aqua  de  Derwent ,  to  the  bank  of  Ct'Offtini B.  2.  N°.  31. .  Slr  Thomas  Baudewin  knight,  granted  to  it  one  toft  and  croft,  and  two  oxgangs  of  land  Dighton. m  a  culture  ca  led  PyliCljcl,  and  another  culture  called  KusdtfjtoaptCB,  in  the  town  and  ter- ntory  of  Dighton ,  R.  M.  I.  344.  ’ .  Nicholas,  ion  of  William  Ae  lloileby,  releafed  unto  Simon  abbot  of  St.  Mary's  all  his  ri°-ht m  five  acres  of  land  lying  againft  the  l&outlpEfrtc,  and  in  one  aflart  towards  Efcrick  contain¬ ing  thirty  feven  acres  and  a  half  and  two  tofts  in  Dighton.  R.  M.  I.  349. Geffry  the  chaplain,  fon  of  John  de  Fulford,  granted  to  it  twenty  acres  of  land  in  the townfinp  of  Deighton  againft  Efcrick.  R.  M.  351. Anno  1273,  fir  Hugh  de  Nevill  knight,  granted  to  it  the  manor  of  Deighton  R.  M !•  347,  34».  6 Ivo  Tallboys  granted  to  this  abby  the  church  of  F.verfham.  M.  A.  I.  ,89.  Fm.- Rmg  granted  to  the  fame  the  town  of  Elmefwell.  M.  A.  387.  Elmrfwdt Ribald  of  Midleham  granted  to  it  three  oxgang  of  land  in  EJby  near  Richmond.  M.  A  386  Elly Stephen  earl  of  Britain,  granted  thereunto  the  church  of  Erghum.  M.  A.  387.  Er/hum John ,  Ion  of  Nicholas  de  Erghum  granted  to  it  all  his  culture  in  Erghum  lying  between  the churchward  and  the  river  Keefes  viz.  four  acres  of  land  and  a  half,  and  two  acres  of  meadow “ie  ficlds  Erghum.  B.  8.  N°.  20.  B.  21.  N°6i.  R.  M.  260. Anti°  1187.  33 Hen.  II.  Philip  de  Erghum  by  fine  then  levied  acknowledged  the  advowfon ot  the  church  at  Erghum  to  be  the  right  of  Robert  abbot  of  St.  Mary's.  R.  M.  II.  260. Lirt.icns  de  Edelingthorp  granted  to  this  abby  two  oxgang  of  land  with  a  toft  and  croft  in  Edelinathoro Edehngthorpe juxta  Myton  in  Swaledale ,  R.  M.  II.  236  Edelmgthorp. 1  another  charter  granted  in  a  meadow  in  Swaledale  as  much  as  belongs  to  one  caru cate  of  land.  R.  M.  237.  0  uuu Stephen  d,  Ponteburg,  new  Burrough  bridge,  granted  to  the  faid  abby  for  the  repairs  of Myton-bndge  certain  roods  ofland  in  &toalcDalc.  R.  M.  238.  V John  Rabotts  de  Hovvigham  granted  to  it  one  meffuage  and  all  his  land  in  the  town  and territory  of  Edelingthorp.  R.  M.  241. landfnd  vicar  Midelton, .granted  to  the  fame  one  oxgang  and  fourteen  acres  of iancl  and  a  hair  in  Edelingthorp.  R.  M.  241. thorpe^  Ct>auncett°r  granted  to  it  fix  acres  of  arable  land  and  a  certain  meadow  in  Edeling- Robert  de  Stutevile  granted  one  carucate  of  land  in  Edelingthorp.  M  A  I  388 toffand  croft  "  **  ^  ^  ““  *  a"d Adam  fon  of  Swain,  granted  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  Elfton.  M.  A  380  pw Quo  Bahjlarius  granted  to  this  abbey  ten  oxgangs  of  land  in  Feriby.  M.  A.  387,  300  t  f Robert  de  Vefcy  granted  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  South-Fcriby.  M.  A.  388.  39  '  Fe^,b,,■ fmm  eaH  °r  Br.“a'\^vf  to  this  abbey  the  town  of  Fulford,  with  the  whole  foke,  free  p  ,f  , Horn  all  terrene  fervice.  M.A.  387.  Fulford. M.Ah‘3l’7  earl  oiAlbemarle’  Branted  to  ic  eleven  oxgangs  of  land  in  the  other  Fulford. acriofSS  0Zf^r/VlMNrfs7Pm  **  “d rhimf -!rrp  Worxefler,  granted  to  it  eight  melTuages  and  gardens,  one  dove-coat hirty  acres  of  land,  with  four  of  meadow  and  tour  of  pafture  in  Over -Fulford',  which  he had  from  William  Baxter  clerk.  R.  M.  I.  228.  1  “ Fulford-magm.  “  *  ™e  °f  itS  t0fc  and  Crofts  in arSr^fY-Clerk,rirW*  Fulfird'  granted  feven  acres  and  a  half  ofland mblem  Fulford,  lying  m  jactDrciDpMBS.  R.M.  I.  331. fon  °if!,char‘i  *yif°rds  granted  five  acres  of  land  in  Fulford  ;  lying  in  a  new ei&rt  abutting  on  JCUlMBSte.  R.  M.  I.  381,  343.  J  y  B Stephen,  earl  of  Britain,  granted  the  church  of  Forfete.  M.  A.  387  P  r Stephen,  earl  of  Albemarle,  gave  one  carucate  of  land  in  Fingale.  M.  A.  387. (>)  Confirm,  eccl.  it  Doncadcr  Mum.  p.  ,4.  Ed.II.  p.  m.  9.  Tom Lond. Ode, 5  88 St.  Mary’* .Abbey. llrt  ham. V  oft  on. F’etc. Fmrnere. Fulkware- thorp. Foxholes. Frydaythorpe. Grimefton. Gilling  in Richmond fli. Gilling  in  Ry- dale. Gamefthorp. Garton. Graneby. Gainford. Gofford. Gilmanby. Hunkelby. Huntington. Hoton. Hoton  croft. Sheri  ft'-hoton. Hoton  fub Hcgh. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. Odo,  chamberlain  to  the  earl  of  Richmond ,  granted  to  it  two  parts  of  the  ty thes  of  his  de- mefnes  in  Fletham.  M.  A.  394.  And  four  carucates  of  land  in  Fingale.  394. Stephen ,  earl  of  Albemarle,  granted  the  town  of  Foflon.  M.  A.  387. Richard  de  Morland  granted  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  Foflon.  R.  M.  II.  168. John  Harrald  chaplain,  granted  to  it  one  mefiuage  three  cottages  and  fourteen  oxgangs of  land  in  Foflon  juxta  Kirkham.  R.  M.  347. One  Harvey  gave  to  this  abbey  the  town  of  Ret.  M.  A.  388. Berenger  de  Fodenai  granted  to  it  nine  carucats  and  a  half  of  land  in  Fmrnere.  M.  A.  3  88. John,  fon  of  John  de  Ridlington,  gave  to  it  two  carucates  of  land  in  Finimere.  R.  M. I.  366.  Dated  34  Hen.  II. Alice,  late  wife  of  Robert  de  Braddale,  granted  to  it  two' oxgangs  of  land  with  two  tofts and  crofts  in  Fynemer.  R.  M.  I.  370. John ,  fon  of  William  le  Faylior  of  Fynemer,  gave  thereunto  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  tyne- mer.  R.  M.  370. William ,  fon  of  Gyles  and  Agnes  his  wife,  palled  by  fine  unto  the  abbot  of  St.  Mary  s,  fcfc. five  oxgangs  of  land,  and  four  fhillings  and  fix  pence  rent  in  Fynmere.  R.  M.  37  Dated 42  Hen.  III. Stephen,  earl  of  Albemarle,  granted  to  this  abbey  eleven  oxgangs  of  land  in  FI  ax  ton. M.  A.  387. Herbert  de  Etton  gave  to  it  two  carucates  of  land  in  Flaxton.  R.  M.  I.  370. One  Gilbert  gave  to  it  two  carucates  of  land  in  Fulkwarethorpe.  M.  A.  388. Gosfrid Bainard  granted  thereunto  the  church  of  Foxholes.  M.  A.  388.  R.  M.  I.  356. Hugh  Burd  granted  to  it  four  oxgangs  of  land  in  Frydaythorpe.  R.  M.  I.  365. King  William  Rufus  granted  to  this  abbey  four  carucates  and  a  half  of  land  in  Grimefton, M.  A.  390. Odo  Baliflarius  granted  the  fame  quantity.  M.  A.  387,  390. King  John  granted  to  it  free  warren  in  Grimefton.  R.  M.  I.  186. Robert  de  Mufters  granted  to  it  the  church  of  Grimefton,  and  four  carucates  of  land  there. R 'Ribald  de  Midelham  granted  unto  Stephen  abbot  of  St.  Mary's,  tftc.  four  oxgangs  of  land in  Grimefton.  R.  M.  I.  229.  .  ,  ,  . Jolland  de  Nevill  releafed  unto  the  abbot  of  St.  Mary's,  all  his  right  which  he  had  in  a piece  of  pafture  in  Grimefton,  lying  at  Neffe.  R.  M.  I.  231.  a/tat Alan  Rufus,  earl  of  Britain,  granted  to  it  the  church  of  Gilling.  M.  A.  1.  390. Stephen,  earl  of  Britain,  confirmed  it  with  one  carucate  of  land. Ivo  de  Vefcy  granted  thereunto  two  carucates  of  land  in  Gilling  in  Rydale.  M.  A.  3S8. Euftace  Fitz-John  granted  to  it  four  carucates  of  land  in  Gilling  in  Rydale,  and  the  church of  the  fame  town.  R.  M.  II.  215.  , Ilbert  de  Lacy  granted  to  this  abbey  the  church  and  part  of  five  carucates  and  a  hall  of land  in  Gerford.  M.  A.  387,  390.  r  n  t\/t  a  0 Maud,  wife  of  William  D'eyncourt  granted  to  it  the  tythes  of  Gamefthorp.  M.  A.  389. Roger  Hove ch el  granted  to  it  half  a  carucate  of  land  and  ten  acres  of  his  tythes  in  Gar - tune.  M.  A.  388. William  D’eyncourt  granted  his  tythes  in  Graneby.  M.  A.  389. Bernard  de  Baillol  granted  to  it  the  church  of  Gainford.  M.  A.  393. Guido  de  Baillol  ratified  the  fame  donation,  and  granted  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land,  ana the  tythes  of  his  manor  of  Gaynesford.  R.  M.  II.  327.  ,  „ Alan,  fon  of  Waldeve,  granted  to  the  fame  two  oxgangs  of  land  m  Golejora.  M.  A.  3°9* William  de  Stokes  granted  one  oxgang  of  land  with  one  toft  in  Gilmanby.  R.  M.  II.  278. Richard  de  Gilmanby  gave  all  his  lands  as  well  in  demefne  as  fervices,  which  he  had  in  the town  of  Gilmanby.  R.  M.  II.  278.  .  ..  . King  William  the  conqueror  granted  to  this  abbey  all  that  he  had  in  Hunkelby.  M.  A.  390. Berenger  de  Fodenai  gave  four  carucates  of  land  in  Hunkelby.  M.  A.  388. King  William  the  conqueror  gave  to  it  one  carucate  of  land  in  Huntington.  M.  A.  387,  390. Hugh  Fit  z- Baldric  granted  to  it  eight  carucates  of  land  in  Hoton.  M.  A.  39°»  393« Nigell  Fojfard  gave  to  it  the  church  of  Hoton  and  one  carucate  of  land  there.  M.  A.  394. Ivo  Fallboys  gave  to  it  the  town  of  Hoton-croft.  M.  A.  389.  ,  r  , Emmade  Humai  granted  to  it  twenty  marks  of  filver  annually  to  be  received  out  ol  the church  of  Sheriff-hoton  from  the  parfon  thereof.  R.  M.  II.  155. Lambert ,  fon  of  Richard  de  ...  .  granted  to  the  fame  abbey  two  oxgangs  of  land  in Hoton.  R.  M.  II.  172.  .  .  ,  „  » Simeon,  fon  of  Walter  Sykelings  of  Hoton  fub  Hegh,  granted  to  it  his  capital  meffuage,  and four  oxgangs  of  land  in  Hoton  fub  Hegh.  R.  M.  II.  174.  .  , Hugh,  fon  of  Henry  fon  of  Roger  de  Hoton,  granted  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land,  with  one toft  and  croft  in  the  town  of  Hoton  under  Hegh.  M.  A.  174. Walter  de  Percehay  releafed  to  this  abbey  all  his  land  under  Houthwit,  called  18  ttlDlttSS, againft  Hoton  fubtus  le  Hegh.  R.  M.  II.  1 75*  ,  ,  _ j.  . . ft*  A  rka  *n.J,n  7-J/tfnn  tjj  Rydale.  R.  M.  1 77. Chap.  IV. 589 39  o- bf  St.  Mary’;  Abbey  ^  YORK. OJbert  de  Arches  granted  thereunto  two  carucates  and  a  half  of  land  in  Hefei.  M.  A.  387,^-  Mart'; B.  2.  N".  42.  ' granted  to  it  his  tythc  and  two  oxgangs  of  land Roberlus  Andegavenfis M.  A.  388. Stephen ,  earl  of  Britain ,  gave  to  it  the  church  of  Houfewell  and  one  carucate  of  land.  Houfewell. M.  A.  387,  39°. Ulfus  Fornefan  granted  to  the  fame  one  carucate  of  land  in  Hawkefwell.  M.  A.  388.  HawkefweU. Stephen,  earl  of  Britain,  gave  to  it  the  church  of  Hornabi  and  one  carucate  of  land.  M.  A.  Hornby. 387,  388,  394.  Likewife  one  Wigot  gave  the  fame.  Wigan  Fitz.Landric  gave  the  church of  Hornby. Anno  13 67.  John  Danbyv icar  of  Grymejlon  gave  to  it  one  meffuage  and  two  oxgangs  of land  in  Horneby  juxla  Smithton ,  which  he  had  of  the  feoffment  of  William  de  Horneby.  B.  19. N°.  29. King  Henry  1.  gave  thereunto  all  that  he  had  in  Haldenby.  M.  A.  387.  Haldcnby. Stephen,  earl  of  Britain,  gave  to  it  two  hides  of  land  in  Hefelingfield,  in  Cambridgefjire.  Hefelingfeld. And  Segfride  gave  nine  acres  there.  M.  A.  387,  388. Robert  Scales  and  Alice  his  wife  granted  to  it  three  acres  of  land  in  Hefelingfeld.  B.  23. N°.  44.  R.  M.  407, ’ Thomas  Fitz-Aldred  granted  five  roocte  of  land  in  Hefelingfeld.  R.  M.  I.  407. Roger  de  Sumery  gave  to  it  the  church  and  tythe  and  half  a  hide  of  land  in  Hefelingfeld. M.  A.  388. William  de  Waren  gave  this  abbey  the  ifle  of  Henes,  and  pifearies  thereunto  belonging.  Henes. This  became  a  cell  to  St.  Mary's. Roald  Filz-Galftid  de  Coleburn  granted  to  the  fabrick  of  this  abbey  two  acres  of  land  in  Hipp:fwc!'. Hippefwell.  B .  1 1 .  N  °.  5 1 . Gosfrid  Bainard  gave  to  it  the  church  of  Harpham.  M.  A  3.S8.  R.  M.  346.  lira-plum. Gejfry  Fitz-Richard  of  Harpham  granted  to  the  lame  three  oxgangs  of  land  in  the  territory of  Harpham.  B.  21.  N°.  35. William  Frannceis  of  Harpham  gave  one  oxgang  of  land  in  Harpham.  R.  M.  I.  348. Odo,  earl  of  Champaign,  and  Stephen  his  l'on,  gave  thereunto  the  manor  and  church,  of Horfey. Horefhay.  M.  A.  I.  387. Robert  de  Stutevile  gave  twelve  carucates  of  land  in  Hart nne.  Harton. Ralph  Paynell  gave  thereunto  the  church  and  tythesof  Hugeth.  M.  A.  I.  388.  Hugcih. And  alfo  fix  oxgangs  of  land  in  Howald.  Id.  388.  Howald. Gilbert  Tyfon  gave  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  Helmelei.  Id.  3S8.  1  Hclmley. One  Goceline  gave  four  carucates  and  a  half  of  land  in  Halddvefdalc .  Id.  Huldelvtfdale. Ivo  T allboys  gave  the  land  called  Haverbek.  Id.  389.  i  Haverbek. Walter  D'eyn  court  gave  to  it  his  tythes  in  Hanworth.  Hanworth. And  alfo  his  tythesof-  Hikeling.  Id.  389.  Hikeling. Maud,  wife  of  Walter  D'eyncourt,  gave  the  tythe  of  Hevingthorp.  Id.  389.  j  HevingrhoVp. Hugh  Fitz-Hugh  granted  to  it  all  his  lands  that  belonged  to  two  oxgangs  in  Harnefiaw,  Harneihaw. and  all  his  meadow  Upon  Derwent.  R.  M.  I.  225. Gerragot  Fitz-Hugh  gave  alfo  his  land  and  meadow  adjoining  extending  as  far  as  Ilylam-  Hylam. bridge.  R.  M.  I.  228. Johnde  Huddrefwell  granted  to  this  abbey  one  toft  and  croft  and  two  oxgangs  of  land  ir)  Huddrcfwell. the  town  and  territory  o  I  Huddrefwell.  R.  M.  I.  249. Roger  Fitz-Gilbert  gave  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  Hellingham.  M.  A.  I.  389.  Hellingham. King  William  the  conqueror  grafted  to  this  abbey  of  St.  Mary's  all  that  he  had  in  Kirkeby. Kirkeby.  M.  A.  390. Berenger  de  Todenai  gave  to  it  eight  carucates  of  -land  in  Mfperton-Kirkby .  Id.  390.  Kirkeby- Hugh  Fitz-Baldric  gave  four  carucates  of  land  in  Kirkby-Mifperton.  Id.  390,  393.  Mifperron. Patrick  de  Gaures  gave  half  a  carucate  of  land  i n . Kirkby-Mifperton.  Id.  389. Ralph  Fitz-Gerald  granted  to  it  the  church  of  Kirkeby-Mifperton,  with  all  its  tythe  and  two carucates  of  land.  The  advowfon  whereof  John  abbot  of  St.  Mary's  granted  to  William lord  Ros  of  Hamlake.  R.  M.  2. 10,.  2 13. Robert  de  Stutevill  gave  thereunto  the  tythes  of  his  demefnes  in  Kirkeby.  M.  A.  388.  Kirkeby. Hernegrine  the  monk  gave  to  it  the  church  of  Kirkeby  in  i^tmhclfsoalc.  Id.  3 88.  Kirkeby- Gamel  de  Grymjlon  gave  ten  oxgangs  of  land  in  Kirkeby.  Id.  388.  Hundelfsdale. Ivd  Tallboys  gave  to  the  fame  the  church  of  Kirkeby- Stephen,  with,  three  carucates  of  land, his  tythes,  and  half  of  his  demefnes  there.  Id.  389.  i  Stephen* Ivo  Tallboys  gave  alfo  the  church  and  ty-thfcs  of  Kirkeby  in  Kendall.  „  Kirkeby  - Ivo  Tallboys  gave  to  this  abbey  the  church  and  tythe  of  Kirkby-Lonefdale .  M.  A.  I.  389.  Kendall. Nigell  Fojfard  granted  to  this  abbey  one  carucate  of  land  in  Kymondfall,  and  five  oxgangs  ^efdJ]' of  land  on  the  moors.  Id.  394.  '  Kymondfk One  Orleman  gave  to  it  two  carucates  of  land  in  Knapton.  Id. .388.  Knapton William  lord  D'eyncourt  gave  the  tythes  of  Knapthorp.  Id.  389.  Kna  tho]. John  de  Nejfe,  re&:or  St.  Saviour's  2~ork,  granted  thereunto  one  melfuage  and  one  acre  KclfiPej j°' P- of  land  in  Kelkfeld.  R.  M.  241. £  L  Richard *4 j9o St.  Mary’/ ABBli  Y. Kneton. Lcftinjjham. Langthorn. Lintonc. Lynn. Langton. Eaft-Laton. Lincoln. Love  water. London. Lofthus. Layburn. Midleton- Tyas. Millington. Morton. My  ton. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookII. Richard ,  Ton  of  ‘Thomas  de  Midelton ,  granted  two  oxgangs  ot  land  with  a  toft  and  croft  in the  town  of  Kneton.  R.  M.  II.  283. King  William  the  conqueror  gave  to  this  abbey  three  carucates  of  land  in  Leftingham. M.  A.  I.  387,  390. Bercnger  de  Todenai  gave  one  carucate  of  land  in  Lejlingham.  Id.  390. Stephen ,  earl  of  Britain,  gave  four  carucates  of  land  in  Langthorn.  Id.  387. Odo ,  chamberlain  to  the  earl  of  Richmond ,  gave  alfo  four  carucates  of  land  in  Langthorne. 394- Note  this  belonged  to  the  priory  of  St.  Martin  juxta  Richmond  a  cell  of  St.  Mary.  R.  M. II.  258. Stephen ,  earl  of  Britain ,  granted  to  it  his  tythes  of  Lintone ,  com.  Cantab,  and  one  carucate of  land  there.  M.  A.  387. The  fame  earl  gave  alfo  the  tythes  of  Lynn.  Id.  390. Maud ,  wife  of  Walter  TTeyncourt  gave  to  the  fame  the  tythes  of  her  demelnes  in  Lynn. Id.  389. Robert  de  Stuievill  granted  thereunto  the  tythes  of  his  demefnes  in  Langeton ,  and  one  ox- gang  of  land  there.  Id.  388. Geffry  de  Forfette  granted  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  Eajl-Laton ,  in  Richmondjhire . R.  M.  II.  268. One  Gofcelhie  gave  to  this  abbey  eight  manfures  in  the  city  of  Lincoln.  M.  A.  388. Picote  de  Lincoln  gave  the  church  of  St.  Peter's  in  Lincoln.  Id.  388. One  Norman  gave  one  culture  of  land,  juxta  Lincoln.  Id.  388. OJbert  Goldrun  gave  thereunto  one  manfure  with  certain  lands  and  tythes  within  and without  the  walls  of  Lincoln.  Id.  389. Picote ,  fon  of  Col fu anus ,  gave  two  manfures  of  land  in  Lincoln ,  and  four  acres  in  the fields,  with  te  IpetMtolanDe.  Id.  389. One  Romphere  gave  all  the  lands  he  had  in  Lincoln  fields,  and  the  meadow  called  3flT0* lantJ.  Id.  389. Afchelil  Svsale  gave  alfo  one  manfure  of  land  in  Lincoln.  Id.  389. Roger ,  dean  and  chapter  of  Lincoln ,  granted  to  this  abbey  a  burying-place  for  their  monks without  their  oratory  of  St.  Mary  Magdalene  on  the  eaft-fideof  Lincoln.  B.  16.  N°.  28. Alan  Fitz-Waldeve  gave  to  it  the  church  of  Lovenefwater.  M.  A.  I.  389. Peter  de  Walins  gave  thereunto  one  manfure  of  land  in  Lundnne.  Id.  390. William,  fon  of  Ralph  de  Lofthus,  gave  to  it  three  acres  and  one  rood  of  land  in  Lofthus. B.22.  N°.  28. Michael  Fit  z- Robert  gave  thereunto  two  parts  of  the  tythes  of  his  demefnes  in  Layburne , R.  M.  II.  254. Stephen ,  earl  of  Britain,  granted  to  this  abbey  the  church  of  Mideltone.  M.  A.  III.  387. Bernard  de  Baillol  granted  to  it  the  church  of  Mideltone ,  and  two  oxgangs  of  land  with  a toft  and  croft  therein.  M.  A.  I.  393. Utrett,  the  fon  of  Ulph,  gave  to  it  the  church  of  Mideltone  in  Richmondjhire.  Id.  390. Aliva  de  Midelton  granted  thereunto  all  the  land  in  Midelton  which  her  fon  Patrick  held of  her.  R.  M.  II.  282. Ralph  Paynel  granted  to  this  abbey  fix  carucates  and  one  oxgang  of  land  in  Millington. M.  A.  I.  388. Alan  Fitz-Waldeve  gave  three  carucates  of  land  in  Moretone.  Id.  389. Nicholas  le  Jove  He  de  Myton  granted  to  it  four  acres  and  a  half  of  arable,  and  four  acres and  a  half  of  meadow,  in  the  fields  of  Myton.  Alfo  eleven  acres  more  of  land  and  two  of meadow.  B.  12.  N°.  66.  R.  M.  II.  144. Anno  1367.  Thomas ,  vicar  of  Myton ,  granted  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  Myton ,  which he  had  ot  the  feoffment  o f  John  de  Fletham  and  Elizabeth  his  wife.  B.  8.  N°.  58. Robert  de  Manul ,  or  Maifnil,  granted  to  it  the  town  of  Myton.  R.  M.  138.  M.  A.  3S8. B.  13.  N°.  24. Stephen  de  Maifnil,  his  fon,  confirmed  it.  R.  M.  138. Richard  Molendarius  de  Myton  gave  fix  acres  of  land  and  one  acre  of  meadow  in  Myton. R.  M.  II.  142. IVilliam  de  Brompton  clerk,  granted  two  mefiuages  and  fixry  acres  of  land  in  Myton. R.  M.  II.  148. John  de  Hellebek  gave  to  it  three  tofts  and  four  oxgangs  of  land  in  Myton.  R.  M.  II.  149. Stephen,  the  fon  of  Ralph  de  Myton ,  gave  three  acres  of  land  in  the  fields  of  Myton.  And by  another  charter  two  acres  in  the  fame.  R.  M.  148. Roger  de  Movcbray,  in  his  charter  of  liberties  granted  to  this  abbey,  gave  leave  that  they fhould  have  a  miln  and  a  dam,  with  a  fifhery  at  Myton.  And  becaufe  he  had  demolifhed their  bridge  there,  he  gave  them  a  ferry-boat  to  make  ufe  of  till  the  bridge  was  repaired  (f). R.M.  148.  B.  19.  N°.  71. (f)  Licentia  pro  ponti  apud  Miton  fuper  acjuahi  de Swale  pro  abbatt  St.  Mariae  Ebor.  aHt  but  tell  am  facere ant  pontem  ma'mtenand’  pro.  libera  hominum  tranftu.  Eich. 31  Ed.  III.  num.  4j. Odo , Chap. IV.  of  St.  Mary’s  Abbey  o/  YORK.  591 Oda,  earl  of  Champaign ,  granted  to  them  the  manor  of  Marram ,  with- its  pifcary.».  M.mrV M.  A.  387.  Ma’ram: One  Hervey  gave  the  town  of  Merfk.  _  Medk. Jordan  ‘Turchet  de  Monkton  granted  to  it  one  oxgang  of  land  and  half  a  toft  in  Monketon.  Monkton. R.  M.  388.  And  fold  to  it  for  fifteen  marks  two  other  oxgangs  with  tofts  and  crofts  in  the fame  town.  R.  M.  389. Roger  de  Clere  granted  to  this  abbey  fix  oxgangs  and  thirty  acres  of  land,  five  tofes  and  Marton. five  acres  of  meadow  in  Marton.  R.  M.  222.  Alfo  feven  acres  of  land  more. Emma  de  Belief  eld  granted  half  an  oxgang  of  land  in  Marton ,  which  the  abbey  had  of  the gift  of  Nicholas  de  Alneto.  And  alfo  one  oxgang  of  land  which  it  had  of  the  lord  Robert D*arcy.  R.  M.  222,  229. Robert  Bateman  of  ' Marton  granted  to  it  fix  oxgangs  of  land  in  Marton ^  which  it  had  of the  gil  t  of  Nicholas  de  Alneto.  Alfo  five  acres  of  meadow  which  it  had  ol  the  gift  of  Mat¬ thew  de  Marton*  Id.  223. Davide  de  Morthum  palled  by  fine  to  this  abbey  the  advowfon  of  the  chapel  of  Morthum  Mortham. belonging  to  the  church  at  Gilling.  R.M.  268.  dat.  10  Ric.  I. Ketel  Fitz-Elred  gave  the  church  of  Moyland  with  three  carucates  of  land  there.  M.  A.  Moyland. L  389.  . King  William  the  conqueror  gave  to  this  abbey  three  carucates  of  land  in  Northmanbi. Hugh  Fitz-Baldric  granted  the  fame.  Id.  387,  390,  393. Furgefius  de  Roderham  granted  to  it  two  carucates  of  land  in  Nunnington.  Id.  390. King  William  Rufus  granted  to  this  abbey  the  town  of  Overton.  Id.  387. One  Rompharus  gave  to  it  eight  oxgangs  of  land  in  Ofgodby.  Id.  388. Ofbert  de  Arches  gave  to  this  abbey  four  carucates  of  land  in  PopiLton.  M.  A.  387,  390.PoP'hon. B.  2.  N°.  42.  R.M.  41 1.  vide. Ketel  Fitz-Elred  gave  the  town  of  Preflon  with  the  wood.  M.  A.  389.  _  Prefton. Stephen ,  earl  of  Britain ,  granted  to  it  the  chapel  in  the  cattle  of  Richmond ,  being  a  cell  Richmond. of  St.  Marty n.  M.  A.  I.  387,  401. Alfo  the  tythes  of  his  demefne  lands  and  of  his  men  belonging  to  his  caftellarie  of  Rich¬ mond.  Id.  387. Stephen,  earl  of  Britain ,  gave  thereunto  the  church  of  Rafwcfwaht ,  with  one  carucate  of Refwetwat, land  there.  Id.  $  87. Stephen ,  earl  of  Britain,  gave  to  it  half  a  carucate  of  land  in  Ryfewik.  Id.  3.87.  And.  Ryfewick. '  one  Dunwald  gave  the  fame.  Id.  388. Alan,  earl  of  Richmond  gave  to  it  the  cell  of  Romburgh  in  CambridgeJJjire.  M.  A.  I.  404.  Romburgh. Odo,  earl  of  Champaign,  gave  to  it  three  carucates  of  land  in  Runtborpe .  Id.  387.  Runthorp. One  (g)  Bardulf  gave  to  this  abbey  the  church  of  Ravenfwath,  with  one  carucate  of  land  Ravenfwath. there.  Id.  388. Walter  Peverell  granted  to  it  eight  carucates  of  land  with  the  advowfon  of  the  church  in  Rudfton. Rudjlan.  M  A.  I.  388.  R.  M.  359. Stephen  de  Champenes  in  Frydaythorp,  and  Katherine  his  wife,  granted  to  it  halt  an  oxgang of  land,  with  the  whole  part  of  their  wood  in  the  town  and  territory  of  Rudjlan.  B.  11. N°.  54.  R.  M.  362. Robert  de  Canteburg,  and  Alice  his  wife,  granted  to  Simon,  abbot,  half  an  oxgang  of  land with  his  whole  part  of  three  tofts  in  the  town  and  territory  of  Rudjlan.  B.  25.  N°.  46. Cecily  de  Walkingtan  releafed  the  fame.  B.  1.2.  N°.  47. Walter  Fitz-  Geffry  de  Hugate ,  and  Beatrix  his  wife,  releafed  unto  Robert  the  abbot  all  the right  they  had  in  the  advowfon  of  the  church  of  Rudjlane.  R.  M.  359. Maud,  late  , wife  of  Walter  de  Garton ,  granted  to  it  one  toft  and  halt  an  oxgang  of  land in  Rudjlan.  Id.  360. Juliana ,  late  wife  of  John  de  Corn-wall,  granted  thereunto  half  an  oxgang  of  land  with  the whole  part  of  three  tofts  in  Ruddejtan.  Id.  361.. Hugh  Fitz- Hugh  granted  to  it  one  toft  in  Rojlon ,  and  all  his  land  appertaining  to  two  ox-  R0fton. gangs  of  land!  in  i^arneffjato.  R.  M.  II.  225. William,  bifhop  of  Durham ,  granted  to  it  one  carucate  of  land  in  Roudaclive.  M.  A.  388.  Rodiffe. William  Fitz-Tbomas  de  Raudiffe  granted  one  toft  and  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  Roudiffe. R.  M.  321. Reyner,  the  fewer,  gaye  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  Rolingtune.  M,  A.  389.  Rolington, Ralph  Fitz-Robert  de  Redneffe  granted  to  it  a  place  within  his  court  in  the  town  of  Rednefs  Rednefs. to  build  a  granary  on.  B,  10.  N°.  46. William,  fon  of  Ranulpb  Pore  of  Rednejfe,  granted  to  it  fix  acres  of  land  in  Rednefs. B.  18.  Na.  13.  R.  M.  393. John  de  Burringbam  of  Rednejfe  granted  to  it  two.  tofts  and  crofts  in  Rednefs.  B.  18. N°,  49. William,  fon  of  Emma  de  Rednefs,  gave  a  piece  of  land’  in  the  field  of  Rednefs  in  a  place called  U  plofCS  with  the  fice  of  a  wind-miln.  R  19.  N°.  29. Normanby. Nunnington. Overton. Ofgodby. (g)  Anceilor  to  the  lords  Fitzhugh,  fays  Mr.  Torre. William 59'- Sr.  M  a  ry'j Abbey. Spaunton. Sutton  in  Hoi land. Sutton. Sutton  in  Gal- ties. Stakelden. Skii  tembeck. S'.rctton. Sez  ay. Suthorp. Stainburn. Scotton, Sanrofr. Semere. Straingham. •Scamrton. Sproxton. Srokelev. the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. William  Fitz-Ralpb  de  Rednefs  granted  thereunto  two  felions  ofland  containing  three  acres m  the  territory  ot  Redneffe.  B.  20.  N".  37  lng  cnree  acres Rednef^M.^  glReMl  SranKd  t0  k  fiX  aCr“  and  ha'f  °f  land  in  the  terntory  of Stephen  Lawys  of  Whitgft granted  to  it  two  felions  of  land  in  Rednefs-,  one  whereof  is called  ^cubrch,  and  the  other  Kyfclo.  Id.  393.  7  wnereor  is tbe  con<lueror  gave  to  this  abbey  two  carucates  of  land  in  Spanton.  M.  A. Berenger  de  Todenai  gave  thereunto  fix  carucates  of  land  in  Stanton.  Id.  ,q0  ,0, John  fon  of  Peter  de  Spaunton,  granted  to  it  one  meffuage,  one  toft,  and  two  oxgangs of  land  m  the  town  of  Spaunton.  B.  9.  N°.  19.  R.  M.  179.  San&s John  Shalcoks  de  Holm  underhegb  granted  to  it  a  culture  of  land  called  HyDDimtcs  acainft Pf’pcrtjjUMtfcs  m  the  town  of  Spaunton.  R.  M.  179.  S  "SC3  3Sa™t ■'qo“n  earl  °*  Brita'n>  granted  to  this  abbey  the  town  of  Sutton  in  Holland.  M.  A. Robert  de  Maifitil  granted  twelve  oxgangs  of  land  in  Sutton.  Id.  388. dP iA'J"r,-aC  S1Ve  “  u  twelve  oxgangs  of  land  in  the  fame  town.  M  A  088 gain TnoL  %%:.STJ9C°  k  tW°Ca“andhalfan  oxgang  of  land  inW,  a- d\  nmii;  foM  *!imm  the  abbot>  a11  the  wood’  timber  a"d  underwood  grow- in  „  being  and  Banding  in  the  JfunDe  of  Sutton  in  ffialtrM,  dated  anno  i294  R  M  127 TJTT  f  rcdem'  granted  to  it  fix  oxgangs  of  land  in  Stakelden.  M.  A  ,q0  '  *  ' Udo  Balijtarius  gave  thereunto  his  tythes  in  Skirpenbek.  Id.  387.  39o. 387  Cai1  °f  Bri‘ai"’  gave  t0  ic  one  namcate  of  land  with  the  Milndam  in  Scirebek. Ulfos  Forncfan  gave  to  it  one  carucate  of  land  in  Skirtonbeck.  Id.  388. llbert  de  Lacy  gave  thereunto  part  of  five  carucates  and  half  of  land  in  Strelton  Id 307.  39O. HJtim-s  de  Pykering  gave  half  a  carucate  of  land  in  Sezevall. JW,  irmaduke  de  Arell  granted  thereunto  the  church  often/.  B.  jo.  N°.  7.  R.  M  317 Rtcbard F“z- Richard  de  Spineto  releafed  unto  this  abbey  three  oxgangs  of  land  in  Sutborbe which  ftands  againft  Hornfey-meer.  B.  10.  N°.  25. Ra/?h .  <on I  ot  Beatrix  de  Uvegate ,  granted  to  it  one  oxgang  of  land  in  Suthorp.  B.  20. .  30.  i\.  ivi.  355* Reginald ,  fon  ot  William  le  Paumer  de  Sutborpe  granted  to  it  one  oxgang  of  land  in  Su- loorp-jieia.  K.  IVI,  334. m“7  des  EfcalIim  gave  thereunto  ithe  church  of  Smitbeton  and  four  carucates  ofland. One  Bernald  granted  one  carucate  of  land  more  in  the  fame  town.  Id. Regmald,  called  the  fon  of  the  lady  of  Smitbeton,  in  Ricbmondjhire,  granted  unto  Simon N„°°  j  one  meffuage  and  a  croft,  four  oxgangs,  and  fix  acres  of  land  in  Smitbeton.  B.  2. granted  to  it  his  miln  in  Great  Smitbeton,  fituate  on  the  river  Tees againft  R.  M.  285. Geffry  Fitz-Ranulf  of  Great  Smithtor.  granted  thereunto  fix  oxgangs  of  lands  in  the appermininSnitAir  O[Sm>',hlt0n'  ™h  four  c/dfe  a"d  tofts  and  halt  a  carucate  ofland appertaining.  Alio  five  other  crofts  with  tofts  adjoining  and  two  acres  of  land.  R.  M. Waltbeof,  the  fon  of  Gofpatrick ,  gave  the  town  of  Stainburn.  M.  A.  389. 01  ddamde  Whitegift,  granted  to  it  five  tofts  and  four  oxgangs  of  land  in  tew- burn,  which  was  of  the  fee  of  the  abbey.  B.  i9.  N".  73. tune^U  Ar387  ******  gave  thereunt0  five  carucaKS  of  land  and  the  church  of  Stive - town  of  S  °f  Walter  de  Skegnefs,  knt.  granted  to  it  all  his.  land  which  he  had  in  the town  or  otixetune ,  as  well  in  demefn  as  fervices.  R.  M.  381. Aepjua,  earl  of  Britain,  gave  to  it  four  carucates  of  land  i n  Scottane.  M.  A  587 t'tpben,  eir\  of  Britain,  gave  two  carucates  of  land  in  Skelton,  Cambndgejhire  Id  \  87  • Godfrey  de  le  IVyrch,  gave  thereunto  the  ifle  of  Santoft  for  a  cell.  Id.'ctZq.  40c.  ' nt3'  I°o  °f  Corfy’’  gave  one  catucate  of  land  in  Semere.  Id.  388 f.  de  St, ttevile  gave  to  it  the  tithes  of  his  demefnes  in  Straingham.  Id  388. HU&h  gave  there™to  twelve  oxgangs  of  land  in Seamfim.  And  Robert  de  Infula  gave tw^Jva  oxgangs  more  m  the  fame  place.  Id.  3 88.  1  ° Robert  de  Infula  gave  one  carucate  and  half  of  land  in  Scamfton.  R.  M.  363. ,  f.  de-  ?ykmni\  granted  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  Scamjlon.  Id.  060. WoMumus  gave  thereunto  one  carucate  of  land  in  Sproxton.  M.  A.  388. tVido  de  Baillol  gave  to  it  one  carucate  of  land  and  the  church  of  Stokely.  M.  A.  388  ■ Chap.  IV. o/1  J;.  Mary’j  Abbey  at  YORK. 59S IKtdo  de  Baillol  gave  alfo  the  church  and  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  SLiyneton,  with  the  tithe St.  Mary of  hisdemefnes.  lidcm.  Abbey. Robert  de  Brus  gave  thereunto  two  carucates  of  land  and  one  miln  in  Sunderlandmck  cHy?!<!n'  ■ M.  A.  3S8.  Snndcrknd- Robert  de  Bridefale  gave  two  carucates  of  land  in  Sterejby.  Id.  3 89.  Sterclby. Ured ,  fon  of  Ligolf ’,  gave  to  it  the  miln  at  Stotby.  Id.  Stotby. Ured ,  Ion  of  Ligolf,  gave  alfo  the  tithe  of  his  demefn  in  Saurby.  Id.  Saurby. Waltheof,  fon  of  Gofpatrick ,  gave  thereunto  the  tithes  of  his  demefnes  in  Salcbild  inSalkdd. Couplanoc.  Id.  389. Gofpatrick ,  gave  to  it  the  town  of  Saltergb.  M.  A.  389.  Sakergh. William,  fon  of  Gilbert ,  gave  to  it  all  his  lands  in  Snachevel .  Id.  389.  Snachevel. Adam  de  Thornton,  redtor  of  P atrick-Brunton ,  granted  to  it  three  melTuages,  one  wind- Sixendale. miln,  four  oxgangs  and  two  acres  of  land  in  Sixendale.  R.  M.  249.  dated  7  Rich.  II. Ralph  de  Camera  granted  to  it  two  acres  of  land  in  Sbupton ,  and  three  acres  more  there  Shipton  (h). in  the  moor  called  ^ctlllanDS.  Id.  113. Ralph,  fon  of  Richard  de  Camera ,  releafed  to  it  alfo  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  Sbupton ,  out of  fixteen  oxgangs  which  he  there  held  of  the  faid  abbey.  Id.  112. Richard,  fon  of  Ralph  de  Camera,  releafed  to  Simon  abbot  thereof  his  capital  mefliiage with  the  edifices  in  the  town  of  Sbupton ,  and  fix  oxgangs  of  land  with  the  demefne  of  the third  part  of  the  town  ;  with  certain  annual  rents,  with  the  homages  and  fervices  of  three .  freeholders,  of  four  oxgangs  of  land  and  eight  acres.  Id.  1 19. David  de  Longocampo  granted  unto  Simon  abbot  all  his  land  with  his  mefiuage  in  Sbupton in  as  well  in  demefne  as  fervices.  Id.  120. Stephen  de  Sbupton  rcleafed  to  it  all  his  right  in  two  carucates  of  land  in  Schupton.  And granted  alfo  two  other  carucates,  with  five  tofts  and  crofts  in  the  fame  town.  Id.  1 20. 121. Roger  de  Thornton  gave  to  Simon  the  abbot  one  toft  and  croft  and  one  oxgang  of  land in  Sbupton  in  d&altccS-  Id.  124. Margery,  late  wife  of  Roger  JJngton,  granted  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land  four  fhillings rent  in  the  town  of  Sbupton  in  CEklltrcs.  Id.  ny. Maud,  wife  ol  Walter  D' eyncourl  gave  to  this  abbey  the  tythes  of  her  dominion  in  7«<&-TudcIhani. Jham.  M.  A.  389. King  William  the  conqueror  gave  to  this  abbey  fix  manfures  of  land  in  Paines  TWp.  Thorp. Id.  390. Odo,  earl  of  Champaign,  gave  to  it  the  town  of  Thorpe  juxta  Marram.  Id.  387. Stephen ,  earl  of  Britain ,  gave  the  church  of  Torenton,  and  one  carucateof  land.  Id.  387.  Torenton. Nigel  FoJJard  gave  three  carucates  of  land  in  Thornton.  Id.. 394.  Thornton. Stephen ,  earl  of  Albemarle ,  gave  two  carucates  of  land  in  Thornton.  Id.  387. Gejfry  de  Thornton  granted  to  it  three  oxgangs  of  land  in  Thornton ,  held  of  the  abbey  in demefne.  R.  M.  162. Roger,  fon  of  Hulco  de  Fofion ,  granted  to  it  all  his  meadow  in  the  field  of  Thornton called  ^ilOcrDalc.  Id.  165. Adam  de  Buiterwick  granted  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land  with  a  toft  and  croft  in  Thornton. Id.  165. John  Danby  chaplain  gave  to  it  one  toft  and  croft  and  two  oxgangs  of  iand  in  Thornton juxta  Fojlon.  Id.  336. Walter  D'eyncourt  gave  thereunto  his  tythes  of  Thurgejlon.  M.  A.  389.  Thur^efton. Roger  de  Lafcells  granted  to  it  the  third  part  of  the  tythes  of  his  demefne  in  Tbirntofls.  Thimtofts. R.M.  261. King  Henry  I.  gave  to  this  abbey  the  town  of  Ufeflet,  and  whatfoever  to  it  belongs  lying  ufeflect. between  Usflet  and  Ayremyn.  M.A.  387. John  de  Graunt  releafed  to  to  this  abbey  all  his  common  of  pafture  which  he  had  in forty  acres  of  land  in  Usflete,  and  which  John  de  Usflete  had  given  to  thefe  monks.  B.  24. N°.  28. One  Gofceline  gave  to  it  one  carucate  of  land  in  Wajfand.  M.  A.  388.  Wafland. Stephen,  fon  of  Walter  de  Ilaytef eld,  releafed  to  this  abbey  all  the  right  and  claim  that he  had  of  fifhing  in  the  meres  of  Wajfand,  Seton ,  Hornfey,  and  Agnejlurton ,  &c.  B.  8. N°.  38. William  de  Efcois  gave  to  it  the  church  of  Wyllweby  and  his  demefne  tythes  there.  M.  A.  Willoughby. 387.  390. Wdliam  de  Evereus  by  fine  acknowledged  the  advowfon  of  the  church  of  Wyleby  juxta CaJlell-Bukenhajn  to  be  the  right  of  Simon  abbot  of  St.  Mary's,  &c.  R.  M.  410.  dated 14  Edward  I. Stephen ,  earl  of  Britain,  gave  to  it  his  tythes  and  one  oxgang  of  land  in  Witrene  in  Witrene. Cambridgejhire.  M.  A.  387. Nigel l  FoJJard  gave  thereunto  one  carucate  of  land  in  Wormefworth.  Id.  394.  Wormefwonh (h)  Cenfirmat.  diverfarum  ten.  et  ten.  in  js)c!;upton.  pat.  14  Ed.  II.  p.  I.  m.  q.  Tune  I-ond. 7  M King 194 Sf.  'Ma  R  v’i Abbey. W  cderhall. Watton. Wintrington Winton. Wrcth. Werkinton. Whitingham. York  [hire. Inrolment. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book II. King  William  the  conqueror  gave  to  it  the  ceil  of  Weierhall,  in  Cumberland.  Id.  207 One  Humphry  gave  a  carucate  of  land  in  Watton.  Id.  388.  '  ' Alwredus  gave  four  oxgangs  of  land  in  Wintrington.  Id.  388. Ivo  Tallboys  gave  to  it  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  Winton ,  with  his  tythe  there.  Id.  38a Gofrid  de  Slutevile  gave  the  ifle  of  Wrelb  and  the  pifcaries.  Id.  389. Retcl  Fitz-Elred  gave  the  church  ot  Wirchintune  with  two  carucates  of  iand  with  the  miln there.  Id.  389. Rainer  the  fewer  gave  the  church  of  Whitingham.  11.389. King  William  Rufus  granted  to  this  abbey  the  tythes  of  his  demefne  throughout  his  whole caftellary  in  Yorkjhire.  M.  A.  390. King  Henry  I.  gave  to  it  the  tythes  of  all  his  venifon,  both  in  flefh  and  fkins  in  Fork Jhire.  R.M.  178. Befides  thefe  revenues  feveral  churches  paid  tythes,  portions  and  annual  penfions  to this  abbey,  all  fpecified  in  a  vifitation  by  William  archbilhop  of  York  ;  made  anno  1  qaa M.A.  392. November  29.  30  of  Henry  VIII.  the  furrender  of  this  abbey  of  St.  Mart  York  was  in- rolled  (i).  y When  injli- tuted . A  CATALOGUE Abbots of  the  ABBOTS  of  St.  MmV. names. When  vaca¬ ted. Authorities. Anno  Dom. 1088 1112 1131 1132 1 161 1184 1189. 1239. 1244. 1258.  In fefi.  nat.  S. Johan,  bapt. 1  299.  Pri - diefeft.  S .Ja¬ cob  ap. 1303.  Id. Aug. 1 3 13. 4  non. Jul. 1331.  ykal. Jul. Stephen  de  Whitby,  foon  after  the  foun¬ dation,  was  appointed  firft  abbot  of  this place,  tie  is  laid  to  have  governed  with great  prudence  twenty  four  years. Richard  fucceeded  ;  he  governed  eighteen years  and  five  months. Godfrid  reigned  one  year  and  fix  months. Savaricus,  or  Saverinus,  was  abbot ;  he governed  thirty  years. Clement  fucceeded,  who  is  faid  to  have ruled  the  convent,  very  ill,  for  twenty three  years. Robert  de  Harpham  reigned  five  years. Robert  de  Loncocampo,  prior  of  Ely , B.  Willis  fays,  was  eletted  abbot  this  year and  died  anno  1239,  a  fifty  years  reign, which  is  fcarce  pofiible.  R.  de  Diceto  men¬ tions  one  Robert  to  have  been  chofe  abbot ol  this  monaftery,  anno  nyy,  and  calls him  prior  of  Ely. William  Roundele  was  abbot  and  reigned five  years. Thomas  de  Warterhille,  governed fourteen  years. Simon  de  Warwick,  a  great  and  learned man,  and  an  excellent  governour  and  be- nefaftor  to  the  fabrick.  He  ruled  the  mo¬ naftery  thirty  eight.or  thirty  nine  years  (I). Benedict  de  Malton,  called  in  the  mo- najlicon  erroneoufly  Menton.  He  ruled feven  years,  and  then  refigned  his  charge. John  de  Gillings,  firft  a  monk  of  this abbey,  afterwards  prior  of  Wether  hale,  was ele<5ted.  He  fat  ten  years. Alan  de  Nesse  a  monk  of  this  houfe  fuc¬ ceeded. Thomas  de  Malton  another  monk  of  this convent  was  elected. By  death  Leland.  coll.  1. 1. Anno  Dom.  p.a.t.ll.p.igy 1 1 12.  M.  A.  I.  p.  395* 1 1 3 1 .  prid. cal.  Jan. 1132.  16 cal.  Aug. 1 1 6 1 .  3  no¬ nes  Ap. 1184. 15  cal. Sept. 1189. 13  cal. Maii. Depofed “95 • The  fame. Leland.  coll.t.  II. p.  199.  M.  A.  I. T-  395- The  fame. xfeript.  p.  503. M.  A.  as  before. R.  Hoved.  355. M.  A.  as  before, x  feript.  523. M.  A.  I.  395. R.  Hoved.  429. 1 244.  3  cal. Dec. M.  A.  395. 1258. 16  cal. Junii. The  fame. 1296.  3  non. Ibidem.  Lelandi Jul. coll.  t.  I.  p.  23. By  refigna- Pat.  24  Ed.  Ill, tion.  1303. M.  A.  I.  395. 7  kal.  Aug. By  death , M.A.  395.  Torre I3I3-  9  cal- 827.  from  the Juki. church  records. i33i. M.  A.  395. Torre. *359- Pat.  6  Ed.  in. Torre. W  The  inrolment  of  the  furrender  of  this  abbey, m  theufual  to-m,  is  in  ,Uuf.  m,  }1  Hcn.  VIII ”■  ‘9-  with  this  title,  De  jeripio  Man, ■sent, 11  S.  Marie  Jttxta  cnimem  Ebor.  Dai.  in  demo  fm ISP:, uh„  „  meg.  .pud  Sevnt  acutes  Mefimo  Lie die  menpi  Novembris  Mm  regain j.  Hen.  VIII.  trueC- no  primo,  1540.  Rolls  chap. (*)  Anno  1296.  5  non  Ju.ii  oiiit.  Simon  de  Warwick abbas  monaftmi  S  Mariae  Eboraci,  cui  praefuit  ann.  39. Sepultns  fuit  comm  snag,  alt  an  eccle.  S.  Mariae  %nam  in¬ fra  14  an.  tienoio  aeaijua.  Col.  Leland  i. When Chap.  IV. of  St.  Marv’j  Abbey  at  YORK. 595 When  insti¬ tuted. 1359.  1 6 Maii. 1382.  7 Sept. 1398.  Maii 24. 1405.  Jun. 21. 1422. 1423. 1437.  uk- Maii. 1438.  Nov. 6. 1464.  Oft. 4- 1502.  Dec. 20. 1507.  Maii 6. 152 1. Mart. J3- 1530.  Feb. 23- Abbots  names. William  de  Mareys  a  brother  of  this monaftery  came  in. William  de  Bridford  a  monk  was elected. Thomas  Staynecrave. Thomas  Pigott  was  confirmed  abbot  of this  monaftery. (1)  Thomas  Spofford,  he  was  afterwards biftiop  of  Hereford. William  Dalton  who  died  the  year  fol¬ lowing.  And William  Wells  was  elefted  abbot.  He was  made  bilhop  of  Rocbejtcr. Roger  Kirkeby  waselefted.  He  died  the fame  year  and  was  fucceeded  by John  Cottingham  the  prior  of  this  mo¬ naftery. Thomas  Bothe,  I  do  not  find  when  he died,  but  Anthony  Wood  tells  us  he  was fucceeded  by William  Sever,  alias Seveyer.  An.  1495, he  waselefted  bilhop  of  Carlijle-,  and  by a  fpeciaJ  indulgence  from  the  pope  held this  abbey  in  commendam .  But  beino-  af¬ terwards  preferred  to  Durham  it  became vacant,  and  he  was  fucceeded  by Robert  Wanhop  a  brother  of  this  houfe  •, after  whom  came Edmund  Thornton,  who  dying  was  fuc¬ ceeded  by Edmund  Whalley,  after  whom  came William  Thornton,  ox  William  de  Dent , who  was  abbot  at  the  time  of  the  di Ab¬ lution,  and,  furrendering  up  his  abbey  to the  king,  obtained  a  very  large  penfion  of four  hundred  marks  per  an.  for  his  life  (m). When  vaca¬ ted. 1382. *389- Died  1398. I4°5' By  refigna- tion  1422. 1423. Refigned '+37- I437* 1464. 1502 ,  by tranflation to  Durham. By  death 1507. 1507- 1 540,  fur- rendered. Authorities. Pat.  34  Ed.  III. Torre. Wood.  Ath.  Ox. 1. 1,  coll.  553. Idem. Goodw.  depraef. p.  580. Pat.  10  Hen.V. Pat.  1  Hen.  VI. Goodwin  p.  580. Torre  p.  827. Ath.  Ox.  t.  I. al-  553* Goodw.  depraef 152.  A.  9.  165.. Wood.  Ath.  Ox. 1. 1.  coll.  553. Torre  827. Idem. Torre. Willis  on  the  mi¬ tred  abbies. St.  Mary’/ Abbey. (tt)  ARTICLES  of  agreement  betwixt  the  abbot  and  convent  of  St.  Mary  and  the  mayor and  commonality  of  the  city  of  York. T  Wltnuffeth  thatJwhereas  grcat  debates,  dangerous  and  perilous,  have *  bej  becween  the  ^bb°t  and  convent  ot  our  lady  of  Pork  of  the  one  party  and BooZA  thVity  °fn1  °n  the  0th"  Part’  “bout  the  jurirdiftion  of '  the  faid  abbot  and  convent  claim  as  their  free  burgh,  and  the  mayor  and commonality  daim  to  be  the  fuburbs  of  the  faid  city.  Be  it  known,  to  efchew  l evils and  perils  that  may  come  of  the  faid  debate,  it  is  agreed  that  agreement  (hall  be  made  be followed  PThat  1  T  rd’  l7  thD  Tdiati0n  0f  the  archbiih°P  of  tTori ,  in  manner  that foifoweth.  That  is  to  fay,  that  Bootbam  mtirely,  with  the  curtilagies,  tofts  and  all  other appurtenances  except  one  ftreet  which  is  called  St.  Margate,  wifh  other  tenements  un derneath  fpecified  to  the  junfdiftion  of  the  faid  abbot  and  consent  teferved,  lhaT  become peaceably  tor  ever  within  the  junfdiftion  of  the  faid  mayor  and  commonality,  their  heirs (/)  King  Henry  IV ’s  mandate  to  his  efcheator  in  the county  ot  York  to  deliver  up  the  temporalities  of  this abbey  to  Thomas  de  Spoforth ,  in  his  election  to  be  ab- bot,  bears  date  at  Durefme  June  1,  140;-.  Toed.  An e *■  VII-  p.  386.  s (m)  The  abbots  that  died  here  in  all  probability  were buried  in  the  monaftery,  but  no  remains  of  any  of their  tombs  appear  in  the  ruins  of  the  abbey  church  at this  day  ;  except  one  without  any  infeription,  LelanJ has  this  remark,  Gul.  Scnows  eleftus  epif.Dundm.anno 1502,  obiit  1  505, /r/> ult.  eft  Ebor.  in  monafterio  S.  Mariae ubi  antea  moMchus  fttcrat.  Coll.  Lclaudi. The  original  of  this,  in  Trench,  is  amongft  the records  on  Ottfebndge,  drawer  3.  I  have  met  with  a tranllation  ot  it  in  a  manulcript  lent  me,  but  very  in¬ correct. and 594 St.  Mary’. Abbey. 'the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. and  fucceffors,  as  fuburbs  of  the  fame  city,  and  within  the  franchife  of  the  fame,  without challenge  of  the  faid  abbey  and  convent  and  their  fucceffors.  And  the  fold  ftreet  of Sc  Marygate  and  all  the  tenements  within  the  fame,  with  all  the  gardens  and  curtilagies to’  the  fold  tenements  appertaining,  from  the  new  round  tower  unto  the  water  ol  Oufe  and the  place  called  /’  Aumonerie-garth  incloled  with  a  wall  and  a  hedge  againft  the  north  to  the fields  of  Clifton  •,  and  from  thence  againft  the  wejl  by  a  ditch  to  the  water  of  Oufe  be  wholly in  the  jurifdiftion  of  the  foid  abbey  and  convent  and  their  fuccefiors  for -ever.  And  that the  foid  mayor  and  commonality,  nor  none  of  their  heirs  and  fuccefiors,  mall  have  any  ju- rifdiaion  in  any  of  the  faid  places  for  ever.  And  moreover  it  is  agreed  that  it  Hull  be lawful  for  the  faid  abbot  and  convent  and  their  fucceffors  to  cleanfe  a  ditch  which  extend¬ ed!  from  the  faid  round  tower,  butting  on  St.  Margate,  to  the  gate  of  the  faid  city  which is  called  Bootbam-bar ;  which  ditch  is  within  the  iuburbs  aforefaid,  as  oft  as  it  lhall  pleafe them  for  the  fafeguard  of  the  walls,  by  which  the  abbey  is  inclofed  againft  the  great  ftreet of  Bootbam  ;  and  all'o  that  at  what  hour  that  need  lhall  require  to  repair  the  walls  of  the faid  abbey  That  the  faid  abbot  and  convent  and  their  fucceffors  have  power  in  the high  line!,  from  thence  for  the  faid  tower  and  walls  which  defcend  from  St.  Marygate  to Bootbam-bar  befoie,  as  the  wall  of  the  abbey  extends  itfelf,  to  re-edify,  make  new  or  re¬ pair  every  time  that  need  requires  at  their  pleafures  Alfo  to  have  power  in  the  place which  defcendeth  from  Bootbam-bar  to  the  water  of  Oufe,  between  the  walls  of  the  faid  ab¬ bey  and  the  ditch  of  the  faid  city,  for  the  faid  walls,  there  to  make  new,  re-edify  and repair,  every  time  that  need  lhall  be,  at  their  plcafure.  Alfo  it  is  agreed  that  the  faidmayor and  commonality,  and  their  heirs  or  fucceffors  lhall  not  build  in  the  place  where  the  faid  ditch is  which  extends  from  St.  Marygate  to  Bootbam-bar  ;  and  if  it  lhall  happen  that  the  laid place  or  parcel  there  where  the  faid  wall  lfands,  between  the  faid  round  tower  to  Bootbam- bar,  fhall  be  buildcd  upon  by  the  faid  abbot  and  convent,  or  their  fucceffors,  with  houfes or  dwelling  opening  againft  the  faid  ftreet  of  Bootbam,  that  then  the  faid  place fo  budded from  that° time  to  come  lhall  be  within  the  franchifes  and  jurifdiftion  of  the  faid  mayor and  commonality,  and  their  heirs  and  fuccefiors  as  parcel  of  the  fuburbs  of  the  faid  city  ; Jn  It^s^allb'1  agreed  that  the  faid  abbot  and  the  monks  of  the  faid  houfe,  which  for  the time  lhall  be,°lhall  not  be  arrefted  or  attached  by  their  body  in  any  part  of  Bootbam  by the  faid  mayor  and  commonality,  or  their  heirs  or  fucceffors  in  any  part  of  the  fame,  ex¬ cept  it  be  for  felony,  trefpafs,  or  by  the  commandment  of  the  king,  or  of  the  juftices, Rewards  or  marfhals  of  the  king’s  houfe;  and  that  the  viSuals,  cattle,  goods  and  chatties of  the  faid  abbey  and  convent,  and  their  fucceffors,  lhall  not  be  taken  or  arrefted  m  any part  of  Bootbam,  by  the  faid  mayor  and  commonality,  their  fucceffors,  nor  their  mimfters for  any  caufe.  And  that  none  who  carry  the  fiid  viftuals,  beads,  goods  or  chattels  to¬ wards  the  faid  abbey,  or  any  of  them,  by  Bootbam,  be  there  lor  any  caufe  arrefted  and  hun¬ dred  from  bringing  thither  the  faid  victuals,  goods,  and  chattels.  And  the  faid  mayor and  commonality,  of  their  courtefy  and  liberality,  grant  for  them  and  their  fuccefiors, that  thofe  who  lhall  make  any  arreft  lhall  give  warning,  for  the  continuance  of  friendibip between  the  city  and  the  abbey,  to  the  porter,  or  him  that  lhall  be  found  at  the  gate  ot the  foid  abbey,  to  fearch  the  foid  victuals,  beafts,  goods  and  chattels,  fo  as  they  (hall  not perilh,  be  loft  or  purloined.  Alfo  for  that  it  is  not  reafon  that  the  tenants  of  the  faid  ab- Lcv  and  convent  and  their  fucceffors,  which  be  or  lhall  be  within  the  jurifdiftion  ot  the faid  mayor  and  commonality,  be  twice  charged ;  that  is  to  fay  towards  thofe  of  the  city, and  alfo  towards  thofe  of  the  geldable,  in  charges  or  quotas  that  fhall  be  granted  ;  it  is •icrreed  that  the  foid  mayor  and  commonality,  their  heirs  and  luccefiors,  to  whom  they  are or  fhall  be  contributary,  fhall  aid  them  by  all  the  ways  they  can,  that  they  may  not  be chargeable  with  thofe  of  the  geldable.  And  that  they  lhall  give  them  all  the  afliftance  they well  can,  that  thofe  who  are  and  lhall  be  in  the  jurifdiftion  of  the  fold  abbey  and  convent, and  their  fuccefiors,  in  St.  Marygate  fhall  not  be  charged  extravagantly  with  thofe  of  the geldable,  but  lhall  pay  according  as  they  have  been  wont  to  pay,  and  thisclaufe  to  be  put m  another  indenture  if  needful.  Moreover  the  abbot  and  monks  aforefaid,  and  their  fuc- cefiois  as  other  men  of  trade,  lhall  have  the  fame  privilege,  and  be  of  the  fame  condition in  the ’water  of  Oufe ,  from  the  ditch  which  runneth  on  the  back  fide  oi  l’  tfmour^gartfj, between  the  meadow  and  the  abbey  which  is  called  the  Litlle-ing ,  and  the  meadows  ot Clifton  on  the  one  fide,  and  the  ditch  which  runneth  between  the  abbey  and  the  wall  of the  foid  city  on  the  other  •,  fo  that  from  thence  the  faid  mayor  and  commonality  and their  fuccefiors  have  the  jurifdiftion  as  before  this  time  they  have  had.  And  that  the  ab¬ bot,  nor  any  of  his  monks,  nor  their  fuccefiors,  be  not  from  thenceforth  arrefted,  except for  trefpafs  or  felony,  or  by  commandment  of  the  king,  his  juftices,  lie  wards  or  mar- fhals  of  his  houfe;  and  the  viftuals,  meats,  beafts,  wares,  goods  or  chattels  ol  the  fold abbot  and  monks,  or  their  fuccefiors,  Irom  henceforth  lhall  not  be  arrefted  or  taken  by the  foid  mayor  and  commonality,  their  fuccefiors  or  minifters,  for  any  caufe  (laving  the foid  matter)  on  the  water  within  the  foid  bounds.  But  deodands,  chattels  of  fugitives,  and of  felons,  and  other  franchifes  royal,  lhall  be  to  the  faid  mayor  and  commonality,  their heirs  and  fuccefiors ;  and  that  it  fhall  be  lawful  for  the  faid  abbot  and  convent  freely  to aft Chap.  IV.  of  St.  Marv’s  Abbey  at  YORK.  597 ad  their  will  upon  the  laid  water  in  like  manner  as  it  is  begun.  Moreover  the  abbot  and  sc  Mary's convent  lhall  not  be  arrefted  for  any  manner  of  debt  within  the  manors  of  patlllaptfjca  Abbey- and  ^ttoai'DdjQU)  with  the  appurtenances  i  nor  lhall  be  arrefted  for  debt  in  the  ftreet  of St.  Gilli-gate ,  by  no  goods,  chattels,  beafts,  viduals  or  carriages  which  lhall  come  or  be lent  within  the  manors  aforefa id;  except  it  be  for  debt  or  damages  recovered  within  the  faid city,  by  judgment  againft  the  faid  abbot  or  his  fucceflors,  and  that  lhall  be  paid  ten  days  after the  judgment  given,  within  which  time  no  execution  from  thence,  if  it  be  not  that  the  goods and  chattels  within  the  faid  manors  by  fraud  be  fold,  given  or  purloined  for  to  hinder the  faid  execution  •,  fo  that  immediately  after  judgment  given  in  the  faid  city  againft  the laid  abbot  or  his  fucceftbrs,  and  in  every  other  place  within  the  jurifdidlion  of  the  faid  ci¬ ty,  as  well  by  land  as  by  water,  except  the  places  before  excepted,  let  the  execution  go,  and every  other  manner  of  arreft,  againft  the  laid  abbot  and  his  fucceflors,  notwithftanding any  privilege  or  franchife  granted  to  the  faid  abbot  and  convent  to  the  contrary  before  this time  hath  been  ufed  ;  faving  to  the  laid  mayor  and  commonality  and  their  fucceflors  in  thofe manors  and  places  aforefaid  with  the  appurtenances,  all  other  jurifdidtions at  all  times,  fo  that the  faid  abbot  and  monks,  their  goods  and  chattels  from  henceforth  be  not  taxed  or  tal- laged  with  thofe  of  the  city  by  realon  of  the  manors  aforefaid. For  this  accord  and  for  peace  the  faid  mayor  and  commonality,  at  their  proper  colls, lhall  procure  licence  to  the  faid  abbot  and  convent  from  our  fovereign  lord  the  king,  and alfo  the  appropriation  of  the  faid  honourable  father,  and  confirmation  of  the  chapter  of York  of  the  church  of  Rudftayne ,  taxed  to  forty  marks,  which  church  is  of  the  advowfon of  the  faid  abbot  and  convent  •,  and  the  faid  mayor  and  commonality  lhall  bear  all  the charges  and  colls  which  lhall  be  made  between  the  licence  and  appropriation  thereof  againft the  perfons  hereafter  to  be  difturbed,  if  any  lhall  be.  And  laftly,  thefe  things  lhall  be affirmed  and  ingrofled,  as  well  by  the  counfel  of  one  party  as  of  the  other,  in  as  good fpeed  as  may  well  be,  fo  always  that  the  matter  be  not  changed  in  any  point. In  witnefs  of  which  agreement  as  well  the  faid  abbot  as  the  faid  mayor  have  interchange¬ ably  to  thefe  put  their  feals. Given  at  York  the  xvi  day  of  the  month  of  January  in  the  year  of  our  lord  M  ccc  x.m. Tloomas  de  Multon,  then  abbot,  his  private  feal  appendant  to  this  deed  is,  on  white  wax, a  chevron  entre  three  lions  rampant. (p)  Yhe  ORDER  and  A  WAR  D  made  betwixt  the  mayor  and  commonality  of  the  one  part , and  the  abbot  and  convent  of  St.  Mary’j  nigh  the  city  of  York  on  the  other  part j  concerning the  bounds  and  common  of  pafiure  in  Clifton  and  Foul  ford,  made  by  commijfioners  Aug.  19. anno  14S4  ;  et  regis  Ric.  HI.  2. 1  .  1  a 17 1 R  S  T,  the  bounds  of  the  franchife  of  the  city  of,  York ,  towards  Clifton ,  to  begin  at the  eaft  end  of  the  dyke  that  clofeth  th z  Ahn fry-garth,  at  the  end  of  Bootham ,  on  the  Clifton, weft  fide  of  the  king’s  high  way  leading  from  York  to  Clifton.  And  fo  by  the  weft  part of  the  fame  way,  north,  to  againft  the  fouth  end  of  Maudlen- chapel.  And  overthwart  the way  eaft,  by  the  fouth  end  of  the  faid  chapel,  into  a  way  leading  to  a  wind-miln ,  fome- time  called  John  of  Roucliff’s  miln,  unto  the  next  head-land  on  the  fouth  fide  of  the  fame way,  and  fo  down  by  the  laid  head-land  unto  a  Jlyle ,  and,  fo  forth  overthwart  the  lands, and  overthwart  the  outgange  called  a  way  that  goeth  toward  Sutton ,  to  a  moor  that  goes  in¬ to  a  way  that  goes  towards  Huntington  •,  and  from  the  eaft  end  of  the  faid  moor  on  by  the faid  way  unto  the  Jlone-crofs  t hat  is  written  upon,  that  Hands  above  Aflyl-brigg  \  and  from the  crofs  even  to  the  water  of  Fofs ,  and  forth  by  the  weft  fide  of  the  water  of  Fofs ,  to¬ ward  York ,  and  the  weft  part  of  the  water-milns  of  the  faid  abbot  and  convent,  and  the ftanke  of  the  laid  milns,  and  then  over  the  water  of  Fofs  beneath  the  faid  milns. Item ,  the  bounds  of  the  franchife  betwixt  the  faid  city  and  Foulford ,  lliall  begin  at  the fouth-weft  end  of  the  Green-Dykes ,  befides  St.  Nicholas  ;  and  from  thence  by  a  dyke,  that  Fou]fOI-^ lies  betwixt  the  fouth  end  of  the  arable  lands  of  a  field,  called  Seward  Howfield ,  and  a  ° pafture  called  the  Ox-pafure  to  the  fouth  end  of  a  moor  that  goes  from  Seward-How-milne to  the  faid,  Ox-pajlure  and  from  thenceforth  by  the  Faid  dyke  towards  :the  weft  to  a  head¬ land  of  the  faid  abbot  and  convent,  and  by  the  north  fide  of  the  headland  unto  a  high-way that  goes  from  York  to  Foulford ,  and  there  a  crofs  to  be  fet  and  called  the  Franchife-crofs  of the  faid  city  •,  and  fo  overthwart  the  faid  way  north,  towards  York,  by  the  eaft  fide  of  the faid  way  to  a  little  ftone-bridge,  upon  a  caufeway,  leading  from  Foulford  aforefaid  into Fifhergate ,  butting  upon  the  King' s-dyke  on  the  eaft  and  weft  part  of  the  faid  bridge,  and fo  by  the  faid  King' s-dyke  to  the  water  of  Oufe. Item,  the  mayor  and  commonality  of  the  laid  city,  and  their  fucceflors,  for  their  hack¬ neys,  key,  whyes  (£>and  beafts  that  they  hold  and  occupy,  couching  and  rifing,  within  the (/>)  I  copied  this  from  an  old  manufeript,  which  I  never  met  with  the  original.  I  fuppofe  this  a  tran- fays,  the  antieut  record  of  this  mutter  remaineth  in  the  flitiou. cujlotlie  of  Mr.  Belt  common  clerk  of  Yorke,  but  I  confcfs  (q)  Cows  and  heifers. 7  N 6 faid 598  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. st.  MaryV  faid  city,  fhall  have  common  in  avaridge  time,  under  l^itl Dfbaffe,  in  all  the  fields  and £db  meadows  on  the  eaft  fide  of  the  town  of  Clifton,  betwixt  the  outgang  that  goes  from  Clif- c~  e*  ton  into  the  forreft  of  Galtrefs  and  York  unto  the  water  of  Fofs,  when  they  lye  unfown,  ex¬ cept  that  a  clofe  of  the  faid  abbot  and  convent  called  }3apnflatfjeeroftCJ,  otherwife  called £ttrp£n;crof£,  alias  pa£nlatf)lc?,  and  alfo  divers  othei  tlofes  and  garthings,  to  the  fame doles  annexed,  be  keeped  feveral  at  all  times.  And  that  the  faid  mayor  and  commonality and  their  fuccefiors  have  common  of  pafture  in  the  fields  betwixt  York  and  Foulford ,  for Common  of  the  faid  cattle  within  the  faid  bounds  of  the  franchife  ol  the  faid  city  every  time  there roultord.  after  the  corn  and  hay  be  had  away  called  averidge  time,  when  they  lye  unfowen,  until Cdndlemafs  next  following.  Forefeen  always  that  winter  corn  in  the  laid  fields  in  the  faid time  then  alway  to  be  keeped  and  faved.  And  that  it  be  lawful  to  the  faid  abbot  and convent  and  their  fuccefiors,  fervants  and  their  tenants  of  Foulford ,  in  all  the  fields,  mea¬ dows  and  pa  (lures  of  the  laid  town  o  f  Foulford,  out  of  the  faid  boundes  and  franchife  of the  faid  city,  to  callup  dykes  at  their  pleafure,  to  keep  and  defend  the  cattle  of  the  Faid city  from  the  faid  meadows  and  paftures.  And  if  the  cattle  of  the  faid  mayor  and  com¬ monality  enter,  or  come  by  efcape  in  any  ways  into  any  other  of  the  fields  then  not  fown, ffeln Vo  lTVd meadows  anc*  paftures  of  the^faid  common  of  Foulford  and  Clifton ,  where  they  have  no w”ciifton°r  common»  out  °f  the  faid  boundes  of  the  franchife  limits  of  the  faid  city  in  avaridge  time, after  all  the  corn  and  the  hay  be  had  away,  the  laid  abbot  and  convent  and  their  fuccelfors. Not  pint! able.  °?lcers  ancl  their  fervants  fhall  not  pind  or  emparlc  them,  but  drive  them  out  in  godly wife;  fo  that  the  faid  cattle  efcape  not  voluntarily,  or  by  evil  will,  or  by  caufe  of  negli¬ gent  keeping.  And  the  faid  mayor  and  commonality  and  their  fuccefiors  fhall  not  vex or  trouble  the  faid  abbot  and  convent  or  their  fuccefiors,  fervants,  officers  or  tenants,  nor none  of  them  for  driving  out  the  faid  cattle  out  of  the  laid  fields,  meadows  and  paftures in  the  form  aforefaid.  And  that  it  fhall  be  lawful  for  the  mayor  and  commonality  and their  fuccefiors  to  have  ufe  and  occupy  their  ways  and  their  moors  and  paftures  as  they Watering  of  have  ufed  towards  Fulford ,  between  the  Green-dykes  on  the  eaft  fide  of  Sewcird-bvw -fields, and  the  Green-dykes  to  Hefington  ;  and  on  towards  Clifton  by  one  outgange  that  goes  from Clifton  into  the  foreft  of  Galtrefs ,  and  by  the  outgange  that  goes  from  York  by  the  Horfe- fdir  towards  Sutton ;  and  in  the  fummer  feafon  from  the  foreiaid  foreft  by  the  faid  out¬ gange  of  Clifton  to  the  water  of  Oufe,  for  watering  their  cattle,  at  times  necefiary,  as  it has  been  aforetime  ufed,  and  from  the  moors  of  Foulford  and  Hefington  by  a  highway  that  goes from  Hefington  to  the  water  of  Odfe ,  betwixt  the  milnfyke  and  the  Brckks  to  the  faid  wa¬ ter,  for  watering  the  faid  beafts  time  necefiary  as  it  has  been  aforetime  ufed  without  in¬ terruption  or  difturbance  of  the  laid  abbot  and  convent,  their  fuccefiors,  officers  or  te¬ nants  to  be  done  or  demanded  ;  fo  that  the  faid  cattle  tarry  not  in  the  fields  of  Fulford what  cattle  and  Clifton ,  except  within  the  bounds  and  time  after  rehearfed.  Alway  forefeeing  that  no frails  save  pa-  man  of  the  laid  city  fhall  have  no  other  cattle  pafturing  within  the  faid  lordfhips  of  Foul- Tethering  of  an^  Clifton,  but  hackneys,  key,  and  tvbyes ,  couching  and  rifing  within  the  faid  city  in the  manner  and  fonri  aforefaid.  Nor  that  they,  nor  any  other  man  of  the  faid  city,  fhall tether  or  fafte'n  horfe  nor  cattfe  in  the  faid  fields  fowne,  or  meadows  within  the  boundes  a- forefaid;  but  in  avaridge  time  after  the  corn  and  hay  be  led  away.  Alfo  forefeeing  that this  award  be  no  prejudice  nor  hurt  to  no  man  of  the  faid  city  of  his  common  within  the lordfhips  of  Foulford  and  Clifton ,  that  they  have  by  reafon  of  their  holding  as  tenants  with¬ in  the  faid  lordfhips.  And  in  cafe  the  faid  abbot  and  convent,  or  their  fuccefiors,  or  their tenants  enclofe  any  fields,  or  parcel  of  field  pertaining  to  the  lordfhips  of  Foulford  and Clifton,  being  or  lying  within  the  boundes  afortfaid,  that  the  faid  abbot  and  convent,  or their  fuccefiors,  fervants  or  tenants  lhall  every  year,  in  avaridge  time,  after  corn  and  hay be  had  away  make  realonable  gaps  for  all  manner  of  cattle  for  them  that  have  any  right of  common  to  enter  into  the  faid  fields  or  parcel  of  fields  fo  enclofed,  within  fix  days  af- ter  having  away  of  corn  and  hay.  And  if  the  faid  abbot  and  convent,  and  their  fuc- cefiors  and  and  fervants  will  not  make  reafonable  gaps  within  the  time  aforefaid,  that  then it  be  lawful  to  any  than  or  perfon  that  have  any  common  right  within  the  faid  bounds  to make  leafonable  gaps  in  the  faid  fields  contained  within  the  faid  bounds,  or  any  parcel Reparations  of  t*iere°f  f°  enclofed.  t highways,  2cc,  That  neither  the  faid  mayor,  fheriffs  nor  commonality,  nor  no  officer,  nor  no  mi- niller  of  theirs  fhall  raife  or  make  to  be  raifed  ifiues,  fines,  amerciaments,  nor  pains,  fet  or to  be  fet,  upon  the  faid  abbot  and  convent,  their  fuccefiors,  and  tenants  by  reafon  of  any ands  or  tenements  that  they  hold  of  the  faid  abbot  and  convent  for  making,  or  mending, or  repairilling,  or  unmaking,  unmending,  or  unrepa rilling  of  any  ways,  or  bridges,  fewers, or  cawfeys,  within  the  laid  bounds  of  the  franchifesof  the  faid  city.  And  that  the  faid  mayor and  commonality  and  their  fuccefiors  fhall  acquit  and  difeharge  the  faid  abbot  and  convent, their  fuccefiors,  and  their  tenants  for  the  land  they  hold  of  them  for  evermore,  againft  the 'mg  his  heirs  and  fuccefiors,  of  all  fuch  amefeiamenrs  of  pains  for  making,  amending  or  re- pari  ing  and  for  none  amending,  making  and  reparilling  of  the  faid  bridges,  ways,  fewers ana  cawfeys  within  the  faid  bounds  of  the  franchife  of  the  city.  Forefeeing  alway  that wit  lin  the  laid  city  and  fuburbs  of  the  fame,  the  fiid  abbot  and  convent  and  their  fuccefiors or  their  tenements  edified  within  the  faid  city  fhall  make  to  be  amended  and  reparilled  in  time ol cattle. Zndofures. Gaps. Chap.  IV.  of  St.  Mary’s  Abbey  at  Y  O  RK.  599 of  need  the  bridges,  highwaysandcaufeways  before  the  tenements  within  the  faid  city  to  the*,  m.rv’. midft  of  the  faid  highways  and  caul'eways,  after  the  ufe  and  cuftom  of  the  faid  city.  3BIV- hem.  That  within  the  fields,  arable  and  meadows,  pertaining  to  the  lordlhips  of  Fmforil  Arr/h. and  Clifton  being  and  lying  betwixt  the  faid  city  and  the  faid  towns,  nor  in  the  ways  with¬ in  the  boundes  and  metes  aforefiid  without  the  laid  city  and  fuburbs  of  the  fame,  except  in the  Paynelathcrofts,  Boolhatnlez,  the  Horje-fair  and  the  clofes  in  Fijher-gate ,  (hall  neither  the faid  abbot  nor  convent,  nor  their  fucceflors,  their  fervants  nor  tenants,  nor  none  of  them, nor  none  of  their  goods,  nor  cattle  be  arrefted  nor  difturbed  by  the  faid  mayor  nor  flieriffs, nor  their  fucceflors,  nor  their  minifters,  nor  none  of  them  within  the  laid  arable  lands,  fields and  meadows  or  highways,  occupying,  coming  and  going  to  and  fro,  for  no  caufe  nor  quar¬ rel,  but  if  it  be  for  treafon  or  lawful  warrant  by  procefs  to  be  made  of  felons  out  of  foreign courts  and  counties,  directed  to  the  officers  of  the  faid  city,  for  the  time  being,  or  in  any wreftling  time  in  the  prefence  of  their  officers  *,  faving  always  to  the  faid  mayor,  iheiifts  and commonality  all  manner  of  executions  of  law  againft  the  faid  tenants  and  their  fervants  of Foulford  and  Clifton,  within  the  faid  highways,  within  the  boundes  abovefaid,  not  being  oc¬ cupied,  coming  and  going  about,  to  nor  fro,  their  huffiandry,  and  againft  all  other  perlons or  perfon,  except  before  excepted,  throughout  all  the  fields,  meadows  and  ways  within  the aforefaid  boundes,  and  alfo  againft  the  faid  abbot  and  convent,  and  their  fucceflors,  their  te¬ nants  and  their  fervants  in  other  places  within  the  faid  city  and  fuburbs  of  the  fame,  refer- ving  to  the  faid  abbot  and  convent  and  their  fucceflors  all  Inch  liberties  in  Bootbam  as  is  com-  Booiham. prehended  in  an  old  accord  betwixt  the  faid  parties  afore- time  made. * The  form  of  an  exemption  from  feveral  duties  granted  to  the  inhabitants  within  the  liberties  of St.  Mary  by  the  Jtcward  of  the  court.  Taken  from  an  original. TO  all  chriftian  people  to  whom  thefe  prefents  ffiall  come,  greeting.  Whereas  our  late fovereign  lord  king  Charles  thefirft,  of  ever  blefled  memory,  by  his  letters  patents  un¬ der  the  great  leal  of  England ,  was  gracioufly  pleafed  to  ratify  and  confirm  unto  all  his  tenants inhabitants  and  refiants  within  the  view  and  leete  of  his  majefty’s  high  court  of  St.  Mary  s nigh  the  walls  of  the  city  of  York,  and  within  the  preempts  and  liberties  thereof  divers  an¬ cient  liberties,  privileges  and  immunities  which  heretofore  have  been  enjoyed  by  virtue  of former  royal  charters  and  grants,  as  namely  by  William  Rufus  fon  to  William  the  conqueror, as  alfo  confirmed  and  enlarged  by  Henry  II,  Henry  III,  Edward  I,  Edward  11,  Edward  111, Richard  II,  Henry  IV,  HenryV  I,  Henry  VII,  and  HenryVl  II,  all  kings  of  England ,  his  ma* jelly’s  royal  progenitors,  in  as  large  and  ample  manner  as  when  thefe  pofleffions  were  in  the lord  abbot  of  York  his  hands,  that  is  to  fay,  amongft  many  other  privileges  and  immunities thereby  formerly  granted  of  and  from  payment  of  all  manner  ol  tolls,  tallage,  paflage,  pe- dage,  pontage,  ftallage,  wardage,  carriage,  and  chiminage  throughout  all  the  kingdoms of  England  and  Ireland ,  and  dominion  of  Wales ;  and  alfo  ol  and  from  fuit  and  feivice  with¬ in  the  county  or  hundred  courts,  and  from  all  attendance  at  affizes  and  feffions  for  the  county , (excepting  only  their  fervice  to  the  courts  of  St.  Mary’s  of  York  aforefaid,  or  within  the  ju¬ risdiction  thereof,  where  they  are  properly  to  attend  and  do  their  fervice,)  now  know  ye  that I  Chriftopber  Hildyard ,  chief  Iteward  under  his  now  majeftie  of  the  courts  and  liberties  of St.  Mary’s  of  York  aforefaid,  at  the  requeft  and  inftance  of  John  Wrejfell  of  Rednefs  in  the county  of  York  yeoman,  as  alfo  for  the  preventing  and  avoiding  all  fuits  and  controveifies that  might  happen  and  arife  for  want  ol  true  knowledge  of  the  premiffes,  do  hereby  adver- tife  and  certify,  that  the  faid  John  Wrejfell  is  an  inhabitant  and  refiant  within  the  manor  of Whitgift  and  /Ermine  in  the  faid  county  of  York ,  which  is  parcel  and  a  member  of  the  manor and  liberties  of  St.  Mary’s  of  York  aforefaid,  whom  ye  are  to  permit  and  luffer  to  enjoy  the benefit  of  all  the  privileges  and  immunities  aforefaid,  without  hindrance  or  moleftation  ol him  the  faid  John  Wrejfell ,  his  goods  or  waires,  fervants  or  mefiengers  which  ffiall  come  or go,  by  land  or  by  water,  about  his  or  their  lawful  occafions. Given  under  my  hand  and  feal  of  my  office  the  fifth  day  of  May  in  the  twenty-ninth  year of  the  reign  of  king  Charles  thefecond,  and  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  God  1677. Seal  the  virgin  Mary,  with  our  faviour  CHRISTOPHER  HILDYARD, in  her  arms ,  on  black  wax  ;  the  in-  Senafch. feription  about  it  illegible. Alderman  Waller* s  leafe  of  the  fite  of  the  abbey ,  &c.  from  the  crown. “  Ulielmus  et  Maria,  Dei  gratia  Angliae,  Scotiae ,  Franciae  et  Hiberniae ,  rex  et  regina, VJ  fidei  defenfores,  &c.  omnibus  ad  quos  prefentes  literae  noftrae  pervenerint,  falutem. «  Sciatis  quod  nos  tarn  pro  et  in  confideratione  reddituum  et  conventionum  inferius  refervat. “  et  expreflf.  ex  parte  dileCli  fubditi  noftri  Roberti  Waller  armigeri,  vel  affignatorum  fuorum “  reddend.  et  performand.  acetiam  pro  diverfis  aliis  bonis  caufis  et  confideratiombus  nos  ad “  prefentes  movend.  per  advifamentum  perdileClorum  et  perquam  fidelium  Sidney  Godolpbin «  confiliarii  noftri,  Johannis  Lowther  de  Lowtber  baronetti  confiliar.  noftri  et  vice-camerarn J  “  hofDitn 6oo  The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. st.  MaryV  44  hofpitii  noflri,  Ricardi  Hampden  armigeri  confil.  noftri  et  cancellarii  et  fub-thefaur.  curiae A"B£Y'  “  fcaccarii  noftri,  Stephani Fox  militis,  et  Thomae  Pelham  arm.  commiflion.  theiaurarii  noftri, “  tradimus  conceffimus  et  ad  firmam  dimifimus  ac  per  prefentes  pro  nobis  heredibus  et  fuc- “  ceftoribus  noftris  tradimus  conceftimus  et  ad  firmam  dimifimus  prefato  Roberto  IValler  to- **  turn  ilium  fcitum  nuper  monafterii  beatae  Marine  fcituat.  in  fuburbio  civit.  Eboraci,  cum 44  columbariis,  hortis,  gardinis,  pomariis,  ftagnis  et  aliis  commoditatibus  eidem  fcitui  dicfti “  monafterii  pertinent,  infra  precinttos  ejufdem  fcitus;  fcilicet,  totum  ilium  palatium  five “  domus  manfionalis  fcituat.  extra  muros  civit.  Ebor:  una  cum  omnibus  extra  domibus,  fta- bulis,  hortis,  areis,  gardinis,  pomariis,  etfolo  eidem  palatio  five  dom.  manfion.  fpecftan- “  tibus  aut  cum  eodem  occupat.  five  ufitat.  continend.  in  toto  per  eftimationem  trefdecim “  acras,  five  plus  five  minus,  rnodo  vel  nuper  in  tenura  vel  occupatione  Johannis  Rercjly “  gubernatoris  civit.  Ebor.  five  cuftodis  dift.  dom.  manfion.  Quae  premifia  nuper  fuerunt “  parcell.  nuper  diffolut.  monafterii  beatae  Mariae  fcituat.  in  fuburb.  civ.  Ebor.  predict,  et  in “  diipofitiorie  domini  nuper  regis  Henrici  oiftavi  vicefimo  nono  die  Novembris  anno  regni  fui tricefimo  primo  per  JVillielmum  Dent  tunc  abbatem  didti  monafterii  et  ejufdem  loci  con- ‘‘  vent,  five  fui  reddit.  five  libere  refignat.  fuerat.  Exceptis  tamen  femper  et  omnimodo  re- “  fervat.  nobis  heredibus  et  fucceftoribus  noftris  ufu  et  beneficio  omnium  talium  romearium, “  camerarum,  et  locorum  qual.  modo  vel  nuper  ufitat.  per  Senejhal.  noftrum  manerii  noftri “  de  Sanfta  Maria  ibidem  ad  confervand.  curias  et  letas  ibidem  ad  manerium  illud  fpe&an. “  five  pertinen.  Ac  etiam  except,  omnibus  miner,  invent,  five  inveniend.  infra  fcitum  pre- “  miflorum  preditft.  aut  alicujus  inde  parcel,  fic  per  literas  paten.  Dom.  nuper  regis  Jacobi tc  fecundi  geren.  dat.  vicefimo  quarto  die  Novembris  anno  regni  fui  tertio,  dimif.  et  concelf “  Henrico  Lawfon  arm.  filio  et  herede  Johannis  Lawfon  de  Brough  in  com.  prediift.  baron,  exe- “  cutoribus  adminift.  etafiig.  fuis  pro  termino  trigint.  et  unius  annorum  a  confedlione  dicta- “  rum  literarum  patent,  reddend.  inde  annuatim  ad  fefta  Annu'ntiationis  beatae  Mariae  et “  Sanbli  Michaelis  Archang.  per  equal,  portion,  fummam  decern  folidorum.  Habend.  et  te- “  nend.  omnia  et  fingul.  premilf.  fuperius  per  prefentes  dimilf.  feu  dimitti  mentionat.  cum “  eorum  pertinent,  univerfis  (except,  preexcept.)  prefato  Roberto  IValler  executoribus,  ad- miniftratoribus,  et  aflignis  fuis  a  confeftione  harum  lit.  noft.  paten,  ufque  ad  finem  termini “  Pro  termino  trigint.  et  unius  annor.  extunc  prox.  fequen.  et  plenarum  complend.  et  fi- “  niend.  reddendo  inde  annuatim  nobis  heredibus  et  fuccefioribus  noftris  annual,  reddit.  five “  fummam  decern  folidorum  legal,  monet.  Ang.  ad  recept.  fcaccarii  noft.  heredum  et  fuccef- “  forum  noft.  apud  JVefimon.  leu  ad  manus  receptoris  noft.  pro  pred.  com.  Ebor.  pro  temp. “  exiftend.  ad  fefta  Annuntiationis  beat.  Mariae  virg.  et  Sancli  Michaelis  Archangeli  per “  equal,  portiones  folvend.  durante  terrqino  per  prefentes  concelf.  Provifo  femper  quod “  fi  contigerit  predict,  annual,  reddit.  decern  folidorum  fuperius  per  prefent.  refervat.  a “  retro  fore  vel  infolut.  in  parte  vel  in  toto  per  fpatium  quadragint.  dierum  prox.  poll  ali- “  quod  feftum  feftor.  predict,  quibus  ut  prefertur  folvi  debet,  quod  tunc  et  deinceps  bene *’  jiceat  et  licebit  nobis  heredibus  et  fucceftoribus  noftris  per  miniftros  et  officiarios  noft. 14  in  premifia  predict,  fup.  iis  dimilf.  et  aliquem  inde  parcel,  intrare  eademque  rehabere “  et  repoflidere  et  has  literas  patent,  cefiare  et  omnimodo  caufa  revacari.  Et  prediftus “  Robertas  IV aller  per  fe  heredibus  execut.  adminift.  et  afiig.  fuis  convenit  et  conce- 44  dit  nobis  heredibus  execut.  adminift.  et  affig.  fuis  per  prefent.  quod  ipfe  predict. €l  Robertas  IV aller  executor,  vel  aflig.  fui  de  tempore  in  tempus  durant.  termino  predict. 44  exonerabunt  et  indempnes  confervabunt  nos  heredeset  fuccefiores  noft.  de  et  a  folutionefeod. 44  decern  mercar.  ad  cuftod.  dom.  manfion.  pred.  ufualiter  folut.  et  debit  feu “  cJamat.  Et  predict.  Robertus  IValler  execut.  vel  aflign.  fui  durante  termin.  pred.  per  has 4 4  literas  noft.  concelf.  finent  et  permittent  S enefchallum  noft.  manerii  noft.  de  S.  Maria  ibidem 44  pro  temp,  exiftent.  libere  et  quiete  poflidere  uti  etgaudere  omnes  et  fing.  romeas  cameras 44  et  al.  locos  quofcunque  quae  fenefchall.  noft.  ibidem  ad  al.iquod  temp,  ante  dat.  harum  lit. 44  noft.  patent,  ad  confervand.  et  tenend.  curias  five  letas  uti  vel  poflidere  confuet.  fuitaliquo 44  in  prefentibus  in  contrar.  inde  non  obftante.  Et  infuper pred.  Robertus  IValler  per  fe  hered. 44  execut.  adminift.  et  aflign.  fuis  ulterius  convenit  et  concedit  ad  et  cum  nobis  hered.  et  fuc- 44  ceflor.  noft.  per  prefent,  quod  ipfe  pred.  Robertas  IValler  execut.  vel  aflig.  fui  dom.  man- 44  fion.  pred.  et  omnia  alia  edificia  horrea  ftabul.  ftrubt.  et  muros  ctim  pertin.  ad  eundem 44  dom.  fpebl.  ad  fua  propria.onera  et  cuftag.  bene  et  fufficient.  in  omnibus  et  per  omnia  re- 44  parari  indilate  caulabunt.  Ac  etiam  ditft.  dom.  manfion.  ac  omnia  edificia  fepes  foflat.  li- 44  tera  ripas  et  muros  maritt.  nec  non  omnia  alia  neceftaria  reparat.  premift.  in  omnibus  etper 44  omn.  de  tempore  in  temp,  toties  quoties  necefie  et  opportun.  fuit  fumptibus  fuis  prop,  et expenfis  bene  et  fufficient.  reparabunt  fupportabunt  fuftinebunt  efeurabunt  purgabunt  et 44  manu  tenebunt  durante  term.  pred.  ac  premifli  fic  fufficienter  reparat.  et  manutent.  in  fine termini  pred.  demittent  et  relinquent.  Et  denique  quod  ipfe  Robertus  IValler  execut.  vel 44  aflig.  fui  infra  fpatium  unius  anni  prox.  fequen.  dat.  harum  liter,  noft.  pat.  et  fic  deinceps 44  quolibet  feptimo  anno  durant.  term.  pred.  facient  et  deliberabunt  feu  fieri  et  deliberari  cau- 44  fabunt  auditori  noft.  premilf.  perfect,  terrar.  five  particular.  premilT.  inde  diftinfla  often- 44  dend.  et  demonftrand.  veras  quantitat.  five  reputatat.  quantjtat.  premiflorum  ac  numerum 44  ucrar  ^eorundem  premilf.  ac  metas  et  bundas  eorundem,  Ang.  the  battals  and  boundaries 44  thereof \  de  recordo  remanlur.  pro.futuro.  beneficio  et  commodo  coronae  noft.  PrcviJb 44  etiam Chap.  IV.  s/fi,  M*Rr’i  Abbey  at  YORK.  Cot “  etiam  Temper  quod  fupradidt.  RobSrtus  Waller  execut.  vel  affig.  fui  irrotulabunt  feu  irrotul.  st.  Mart'j “  caufabunt  has  liter,  noft.  paten.’  coram  auditore  noft.  com.  Ebor.  pred.  vel  deputato  fiio  fuf-  Aebet. “  ficient.  pro  temp,  exift.  infra  fpatium  Tex  menfium  prox.  fequent.  poll  dat.  earundem  quod “  nunc  et  deinceps  haec  praefens  dimiflio  et  conceflio  noft.  vacua  fit  et  nullius  vigor,  in  lege “  aliquo  in  praefent.  in  contrarium  inde  nonobftante. “  In  cujus  rei  teftimon.  has  literas  noft.  fieri  fecimus  patent,  predict,  predidtis  perfon.  fidel. “  commiflion.  thefaur.  noft.  apud  Weftmon.  1 6.  die  Marin  anno  regni  noft.  quarto. RUSSEL. Per  Ward.  commiff.  thefaur.  ac  cancel.. fcaccaril. Exam.  p.  W.  Whitaker  dep.  cl.  Pipe. Indcrf. lrrolulatur  in  officio  auditor,  com.  Ebor. 14.  Maii  1692.  per ROBERT  HEWITT,  Auditor, COPIES ,  from  the  originals ,  of  fever al  ancient  charters  and  grants  made  to  the abbey  of  St.  Mary’j  York;  none  of  them  ever  before  printed. Charta  Rogeri  de  Smitchton. “  /^vMnibus  Chrifti  fidelibus  ad  quos  prefens  fcriptum  pervenerit  Rogerus  didtus  filius  B.  2.  N°.  1 1. “  Anne  de  Smitchton  in  Richmondefchyr ,  falutem  in  Domino.  Noveritis  me  dedifie  re-  Smitchton. “  mififie  reddidifle  et  hac  prefenti  charta  mea  confirmafle  Symoni  abbati  et  conventui  Sanfte “  Marie  Eboraci  totam  terram  meam  quam  habui  in  villa  et  territorio  de  Smitchton ,  videli- “  cec»  unum  mefiuagium  cum  crofto,  quatuor  bovatas  et  Tex  acras  terre  quas  de  eifdem  ab- “  bati  et  conventui  tenui  in  eadem,  cum  omnibus  et  omnimodis  pertinentibus  fuis  fine  aliquo “  retenemento,  tenend.  et  habend.  eifdem  abbati  et  conventui  et  eorundem  fuccefloribus “  univcrfis  in  Jiberam  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam,  libere  quiete  et  integre,  cum  om- “  nibus  modis  pertinentibus  fuis  infra  villam  et  extra,  ita  quod  nec  ego  Rogerus  nec  aliquis “  heredum  meorum  aliquod  jus  vel  clamium  in  predidto  tenemento  vel  in  aliquo  didtorum  te- “  nementorum  tangere - exigere  vel  vendicare  poterimus.  Et  ego  Rogerus  et  heredes “  mei  vel  aflignati  warrantizabimus  adquietabimus  et  defendemus  totum  predidtum  tenemen- “  ^m  cum  omnibus  et  omnimodis  pertinentibus  fuis  in  liberam  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemo- “  finam  predidtis  abbati  et  conventui  et  eorum  fuccefloribus  univerlis  contra  omnes  homines “  tarn  Judeos  quam  Chrijiianos  in  perpetuum.  Et  ut  hec  mea  donatio  redditio  et  confirma- “  tio  rata  et  ftabilis  permaneat  in  perpetuum  prefenti  carte  figillum  meum  appofui. “  Hiis  teftibus,  Dominis  Johanne  de  Oketon ,  Johanne  de  Raygate ,  Roberto  de  Laffeles  mi- “  litibus,  Johanne  de  Caneby,  Johanne  Abundevill ,  Willielmo  de  Abundevill ,  Henrico  filio “  Roberti  de  Apelton,  ThomaWeder  de  Smitchton,  Rogero  de  Wretteby  de  eadem,  Thoma de  Langeton  de  eadem,  et  multis  aliis* Charta  Philippi  de  Faukenberg,  mil. “  /^vMnibusfa;  Chrifti  fidelibus  hoc  fcriptum  vifuris  vel  audituris  Philippus  de  Faukenberg  B  2  No  l8 “  miles,  eternam  in  Domino  falutem.  Noveritis  univerfitas  veftra  me  dedifle  con-  Apilton. “  ccflilte  et  hac  prefenti  charta  meconfirmafle  Symoni  abbati  et  conventui  fandte  Marie  Ebo- “  raci  duas  culturas  meas  in  territorio  de  Apilton  quarum  una  jacet  in  SpiDDclgetljtlle  inter iC  terram  Tdonie  filie  mee  et  terram  WilUelmi  de  Hornington ,  et  abuttat  in  occidentali  capite “  fuPer  CBlpckerOtfec,  et  in  orientali  capite  fuper  Et  altera  cultura  notata “  fe>cl)Oftebuttcs  et  jacet  inter  terram  Walteri  filii  mei  et  terram  Ade  de  Cerf  •,  et  abuttat  in “  occidentali  capite  fuper  ^rkcftp,  et  in  orientali  capite  fuper  Tenendum “  et  habendum  predidtum  tenementum  cum  omnibus  pertinentibus,  libertatibus  afyamentis “  lois  in  campis  de  Apilton ,  ubi  liberi  homines  communicant,  predidtis  abbati  et  conventui “  et  eorum  fuccefloribus,  in  liberam  puram  et  perpetuam  elemofinam,  libere  quiete  pacifice “  ec  integre,  in  perpetuum,  fine  omni  terreno  lervitio  feculari  exadlione  et  demand.  Etego “  Philippus  et  heredes  mei  warantizabimus,  defendemus  et  adquietabimus  predidtum  tene- mentum  cum  omnibus  pertinentibus,  libertatibus  et  afyamentis  fuis,  ficut  predidtum  eft “  predidtis  abbati  et  conventui  et  eorum  fuccefloribus  in  liberam  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemo- “  finam  contra  omnes  gentes  in  perpetuum. “  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  prefenti  fcripto  figillum  meum  appofui. “  Hiis  teftibus,  domino  Johanne  de  Oketona  tunc  vicecom.  Ebor.  domino  Johanne  de  Ray- “ gate  militibus,  Johanne  de  Merfion,  Waltero  de  Afk,  Hugone  de  Ac  after,  Richardo  de “  Colton ,  'Wydone  de  Apilton,  Nicholo  de  Camera  de  Popilton ,  Thoma  de  eadem  clerico  et “  aliis. “  Dat.  die  annuntiationis  beate  Marie  anno  grade  m.cc.lx.  primo. (q)  This,  as  well  as  many  of  the  reft,  is  in  fo  beautiful  a  character  as  deferves  engraving. 7  O  Charta 6oi The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Rook  II. Charta  Roberti  de  Skegenefle  mil. “  /'AMnibus  Chrifti  fidelibus  ad  quorum  notitiam  hoc  prefens  fcriptum  pervenerit  Robertas «U  filius  W alteri  de  Skegenejfe,  falutem  eternam  in  Domino.  Sciatis  me  dediffe  conceflifle “  et  hac  prefenti  mea  carta  coniirmalTe  Deo  et  abbatie  fantte  Marie  Eboraci  et  monachis  ibi- “  dem  Deo  fervientibus,  ubi  corpus  meum  legavi  fepeliendum,  totam  illam  placeam  terre “  que  jacet  inter  ©jHanojjaglj  et  Apilton  et  decern  et  otto  acras  terre  per  perticam  viginti  pe¬ ts  dum  in  Apilton  cum  pertinentiis,  que  jacent  juxta  eflarton  meum  quod  notatum  eit  ©ZlailD? “  ct  abuttant  verfus  occidentem  fuper  trefdecim  acris  terre  mee  que  jacent  inter  fofiam “  et  Mantlfjagf)  juxta  Wilkes ,  et  extendit  fe  verfus  orientem  et  verfus  Fyndbayt ,  inter “  fofiam  et  Felkes ,  et  otto  pedes  in  latitudine  circum  circa  prenotatam  placeam  et  preno- “  tatasacras,  et  quatuor  perticas  terre  propinquiores  fbfle  ex  occidentali  parte  et  aquilonali, “  quacumque  terra  mea  fe  extendit  inter  Heebrige  et  Farebrige ,  et  totam  fofiam  quacunque “  terra  mea  fe  extendit  ibidem  ex  alia  parte  de  foffa  ;  et  duodecim  acras  terre  cum  perti- 44  nentibus  in  Apilton  inter  Wilvelyt  et  Telks,  fcilicet  totam  terrain  que  vocatur  flElanDfjjgfj, 4  ‘  et  quatuor  acras  terre  cum  pertinentibus  in  Apilton ,  et  omnes  perticulas  prenotatas  que “  clauduntur  infra  foflatum  meum  quod  eft  circa  flManDfjagl),  ficut  plenius  continetur  in  car¬ ts  tis  quas  habeo  de  domino  Philippode  Faukenberge.  Habend.  et  tenend.  predittis  abbatie  et “  monachis  in  liberam  puram  et  perpet.  eleemofinam.  Et  ego  Robertas  et  heredes  mei  totam “  predittam  terrain,  ficut  predittum  eft,  predittis  abbatie  et  monachis  contra  omnes  gentes “  warrantizabimus  adquietabimus  et  defcndemus  in  perpetuum.  Et  uc  hoc  fcriptum  hujufce “  donationis  et  conceftionis  perpetue  firmitatis  robur  obtineat,  prefenti  fcripto  figillum  meum 44  appofui. “  Hiis  reftibus,  magiftro  Johanne  de  Hamer  ton,  domino  Willielmo  de  Longa-villa ,  Waltero 44  de  Gaugy'i  Herberto  de  Duffend  clericis,  David  de  Popelton ,  Fhoma  ejufdem  ville, 44  Mich.  Janitor e ,  Waltero  de  AJk ,  Willielmo  Savarici  filio,  Willielmo  de  Popelton , “  Mich.  Henrici . Charta  Roberti  de  Weft-Cotingwick. B .2.  N°.  31 .  c‘  ^vMnibus  Chrijli  fidelibus  ad  quos  prefens  fcriptum  pervenerit  Robertas  filius  Stephani de «c  nium  parentum  meorum  conceffifie  dedifle  et  hac  prefenti  carta  mea  confirmaffe  Deo  ec “  eccl.  beate  Marie  Ebor.  et  monachis  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus  in  puram  et  perpetuam tt  eleemofinam  quicquid  juris  habui  et  habere  potui  in  applicatione  navium  et  in  carcatione  in “  aqua  de  Derewent  ad  ripam  de  Crojfum.  Ita  quod  licite  pofiint  de  cetero  ad  predittam  ri- “  pam  applicare  et  carcare  quotienfeunque  et  quandocunque  volunt  per  fe  et  per  homines “  fuos  ;  nec  licebit  michi  vel  alieni  heredum  meorum  vel  alicuiclamando  ratione  juris  mei  ad “  predittam  ripam  navem  vel  bacellum  carucare  vel  applicare  fine  aflenfu  et  voluntate  pre- “  diiflorum  abbatis  et  monachorum  fantt.  Marie  Ebor.  Et  ego  et  heredes  mei  dittam  appli- “  cationem  et  carcationem  quicunque  in  vel  meo  tenemento  folebat  dittis  abbati  et  mona- “  chis  et  ecclefie  fue  contra  omnes  homines  in  perpetuum  warrantizabimus  adquietabimus  et “  defendemus. “  In  cujus  rei  teftiinonium  prefenti  fcripto  figillum  meum  appofui. “  Hiis  teftibus,  Waltero  de  Egkefchwe  milite  tunc  ballivo  de  Rycbemund ,  Johanne  de  Ho- “  Aon  tunc  fcenefcall.  fantt.  Marie  Ebor.  Roberto  de  Sutton ,  Rogero  de  Wcdyrball  cleri- “  cis,  Waltero  de  AJk ,  Nicholao  de  Camera ,  Waltero  de  Wyllwetoft,  Roberto  Le  Barn  de “  Wejl-Cottingwic ,  Willielmo  Chaumpeney  de  Crojfum ,  et  multis  aliis. Charta  Ofberni  de  Archis. de  Archis  omnibus  legentibus  vel  audientibus  literas  has  falutem.  Sciatis  me B.  2.  N°-42. dedifle  et  hac  prefenti  carta  mea  confirmafie  Deo  et  fantte  Marie  Eboraci  et  mona- Apilton.  tc  cjijs  ibijem  p)eo  fervientibus,  in  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  et  ab  omni  terreno “  fervitio  vel  exattione  liberas,  videlicet,  in  Popillona  quatuor  carrucatas  terre  et  dimidiam, “  in  Apiltona  tres  carucatas  et  fedem  molendini,  in  Hejfeye  duas  carucatas  et  dimidiam  cum “  omnibus  pertinentiis  fuis  et  afiamentis  infra  predittas  villas  et  extra ;  et  in  Eboraco  duas “  manfuras  terre  in  vico  fantti  Salvatoris.  Pro  anima  domini  mei  regis  Willielmi ,  etproani- «  ma  patris  mei  et  matris  mee  et  omnium  parentum  meorum,  nec  non  pro  animabus  omni- “  um  fidelium  defunttorum. tc  Hiis  teftibus  Roberto  de  Bras ,  Guibomaro  dapifero ,  Odone  earner ario,  Conano  capellano , “■  Radulpho  Ribaldi  filio,  Rogero  filio  Pigoli ,  Alano  de  Munbi,  Tmfredo  de  I’urp ,  Alano 11  pincerna ,  Adam  de  Bras ,  Petro  de  Fhrejt ,  Hanano  fantti  Michaelis  monacho,  et  mul- 44  tis  aliis. (r)  This  very  ancient  deed  is  wrote  in  a  very  large  fair  fix  hundred  years  date.  Ojbertns  or  Ojbtmtu  was  high hand  fomewhat  refembling  the  old  black  print.  It  Items  fheriff  of  this  county  1  Hen.  I. to  be  older  than  the  ufe  of  feals,  and  I  take  it  to  be  near Concejfio Chap.  IV. of  St.  Mary’s'  Abbey  at  YORK. ConcrJJio  Cantuariae  in  monajierio  S.  Mariae  Eboraci. 6  &  3 St.  Mart's ABBEY. NOverint  univerfi  quod  nos  Alanus  permiffione  divina  abbas  monaftern  beate  Marie  B.  3.  N°.  2  ^ “  Eboraci  et  ejufdem  loci  conventus,  tenemur  ec  obligamur  et  per  prefentes  literas ;  fac . gari  pro  nobis  et  fuccefforibus  noftris  Johanni  de  Hellebek  ec >  her’edibus  fuis  quibus '  .  ’  . . eidem  Johanni  perpetuo  unum  capeHanum •  celebraturum  pro  anima  difti  Johannis . et  omnium  fidehum  detunftorum :  in  capella  beate  Marie  virginis  ad  portam  monafterii  noftri  pro  quibufoam  terns  ec  tene- t  mentis  nobis  per  eundem  Johannem  donatis  et  concefiis,  viz.  pro  quinque  totcis  et  quatuor c  bovatis  terre  cum  fuis  pertinentiis  que  et  quas  idem  Johannes  habuit  in  villa  de  Myton  et 6  de  nobis  ut  de  capitalibus  dominis  tenuit.  Ad  quam  cap.  ....  perpetuo  hdeliter t . mveniendam  obligamus  nos  monafterium  noftrum  et  .  .  . <  iucceffores  noft . predi&am  terram  et  tenementa  ad  cujufcunquc  manus  do- e  naverit.  Ec  fi  quocunque . Cantuariam  .  .  ■  •  •  •  quod  abfit t  defecerimus,  volumus  et  concedimus  pro  nobis  et  fuccefToribus  noftris  quod  neres  predicti ‘  Johqnnis  quicunque  fuerit  predidam  terram  et  tenementa . .  *tur «  ea  fibi  habeat  et  retineat  fine  impedimento  noftro  et . vel  luccei- ‘  ceflorum  noftrorum. “  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  figillum  noftrum  com. “  prefentibus  appofuimus. “  Dat.  in  capitulo  noftro  Ebor.  die  fabbati  in  vig “  no  dom.  millefimo  trecentefimo  vicefimo  . “  quarto  decimo. “  Hiis  teftibus  domino  Thoma  de  ...  . “  Thornton ,  Johanne  de  Thor  net  on,  Simone  de  . . confenfu  noftro ilia  S.  Matlhei  apoftoli  et  evangelifte  an- . regis  Edwardi Thoma . Willielmo  de .  t  .  .  et  aliis. Charta  Alexandri  de  Bundevile. OMnibus  hoc  fcriptum  vifuris  vel  audituris  Johannes  filius  Alexandri  de  Bundevill ,  falu-  B.  4.  N°.23'. “  tern.  Noveritis  me  dediffe  conceftifte  redd  id  i  fife  et  hac  prefenti  charta  me tc  mafie  Symoni  abbati  et  conventui  S.  Marie  Ebor.  unum  meffuagium  et  ties  bovatas  terre “  cum  pertinentiis  in  Apelton  fuper  Wijli,  et  annualem  redditum  triginta  denariorum  cum  ho- <e  magio  et  fervitio  heredum  Johannis  de  Sinington  de  tribus  bovatis  terre  curn  pertinentiis  in t6  eadem  villa.  Et  annualem  redditum  decern  denariorum  et  oboli  cum  homagio  et  fervitio “  Henrici  filii  Roberti  de  Apelton  et  heredum  fuorum  de  unabovata  terre  cum  pertinentiis  in «  eadem  villa.  Et  annualem  redditum  viginti  denariorum  cum  homagio  et  fervitio  Wil- “  lielmi  de  Amundevill ,  Alitie  uxoris  ejus,  et  heredum  fuorum  de  duabus  bovatis  terre  cum “  pertinentiis  in  eadem  villa.  Et  annualem  redditum  viginti  denariorum  cum  homagio  et “  fervitio  Galfridi  de  Pikelon  de  duabus  bovatis  terre  in  eadem  villa.  Quas  quidem  ties  bova- “  tas  terre  cum  mefluagio  redditibus  homagiis  et  fervitiis  liberorum  predidlorum  tarn  in  do- <c  minio  quam  in  fervitio  de  eifdem  abbati  et  conventui  tenui.  Elabend.  et  tenend.  cifdem “  abbati  et  conventui  et  eorum  fucceftoribus  univerfis  totum  prediftum  tenementum  cum “  mefluagio  redditibus  homagiis  wardis  releviis  et  omnibus  aliis  fervitiis  et  efeheattis  in  libe- “  be  ram  *4)11  ram  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  quiete  de  me  et  heredibus  meis  in  perpetuum. tt  ita  qUOd  nec  ego  nec  hdredes  mei  vel  aliquis  ex  parte  noftra  aliquod  jus  vel  clamium  in tc  prediblis  tribus  bovatis  cum  mefluagio  et  aliis  pertinentiis  eflet  in  redditibus  homagiis  war- “  dis  releviis  efeheattis  vel  aliquibus  aliis  fervitiis  dibta  libere  tenentes  vel  eorum  tenemen¬ ts  mentorum  tangentibus  de  cetero  aliquo  cafu  contingente  exigere  vel  vendicare  poteri- “  mus. “  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  prefenti  charte  figillum  meum  appolui. “Hiis  teftibus,  dominis  Roger 0  de  Rafc  all,  Roberto  de  Rafc  all  militibus,  Johanne  de  Horne- “  by,  Johanne  de  Daneby,  Roberto  filio  Henrici  de  Apelton,  Stephano  de  Schupton,  Riehar- “  do  de  Camera  clerico,  et  aliis. Charta  Roberti  de  Skegenefle  mil. <<  /^\Mnibus  Chrifli  fidelibus  ad  quorum  notitiam  hoc  prefens  fcriptum  pervenerit  Rober-  B.  4.  Na.7. v_y  “  tu s  filius  JValteri  de  Skegenejfe  miles,  falutem  eternam  in  domino.  Noveritis  me  Peton- “  dedifle  concepifle  et  hac  prefenti  carta  mea  confirmafle  Deo  et  abbatie  S.  Marie  Eboraci  et “  monachis  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus,  ubi  corpus  meum  legavi  fepeliend.  dimidiam  carru- “  catam  terre  quam  tenui  de  feodo  Symoni s  de  Kyme  in  Apelton ,  et  Thome  de  Thorp  cum  tota “  fequela  fua  et  cum  omnibus  cattallis  fuis,  et  omnes  alias  terras  meas  cum  omnibus  perti- “  nentiis  in  eadem  villa  tarn  in  efiartis  quam  in  aliis  locis  fine  ullo  retenemento,  et  per  illud “  eflartum  quod  tenui  de  feodo  Johannis  de  Rouecejlre  in  eadem  villa.  Habend.  ct  tenend. “  ditftis  abbatie  et  monachis  in  liberam  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  faciendo  inde  illud “  lervitium 2 6  04 St.  Mary’j Abbeyi B.  4.  N.  1 2. Apelton. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. “  tJ.uod  eS°  fo'ebam  (ffre  dictis  ftodis  tenere  carcar.  quos  habeo  de  dominis It  ?U1  me  feodaverunt.  Et  ego  Robertus  et  heredes  mei  totam  prediftam  terram  cum  omni- „  bus  Pert'n^tns’  Gcutprediftum  eft,  prediflis  abbatie  et  monachis  contra  omnes  homines warrantifabimus  adquietabnuus  et  defendemus  in  perpetuum. In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  prefenti  fcripto  figillum  meum  appofui. “  Hiis  teftibus,  magiftro  Johanne  de  Hanlon,  domino  Willielmo  de  Longa  -villa  Wallen  de “  G,auP'  H!rrpr‘°  *  Duffend  dericis,  Michaelc  Janitore,  Willielmo  de  Lilling,  Waltero “  de  AJk.  Willielmo  film  Savarici.  Hamo  de  Popelton.  Tboma  ejufdem  ville  clericis  7o- “  hanne  de  Merfion ,  Michaele ,  Henrico  et  Rogero  et  aliis.  ’  J Charla  Willielmi  de  Doncefter. “  (~)Mmbus  hoc  fcriptum  vifuris  vel  audituris  Willielmus  de  Doncejler  falutem  in  Domino “  Noventis  me  dediffe  confirmaffe  etomnino  quiet,  clamaffe  de  me  et  heredibus  rneis “  Uco  ec  beate  Mane  ec  Simoni  abbati  et  conventui  fandte  Marie  Eboraci  pro  falute  anime “  mec  et  antmarum  antecefforum  et  fuccefforum  meorum  unum  toftum  et  viginti  acras  terre “  ™rn  pernnentiis  in  villa  et  territorio  de  Apelton  que  habuerunt  de  dono  domini  Johannis “  de  Raygate.  et  quendam  annualem  redditum  duorum  denariorum  de  eodem  tenemento  in „  bl[?  b,Ppr  acl2s  tcrre  cu.m  pertinentiis  in  predidto  territorio  que  habuerunt  de  dono Llenrui  k  Garden  et  Cicilie  uxoris  ejus  .  .  .  dediffe  quondam  annualem  reddit  viii  de- nanorum  m  debitum  de  eodem  tenemento.  Habend.  et  tenend.  predidtis  abbati  etconven- ej  eo,rum  fucceflbnbus  in  liberam  purarn  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  in  perpetuum 1  Uaudendi  et  commodum  funt  in  omnibus  prenotatis  ficuti  melius  viderint  expedire  fhcien- ‘  dl  ‘‘I®  ‘nipedimento  mei  vel  heredum  meorum.  Et  ego  vero  Willielmus  et  heredes  mei 1  predidt.  abbati  et  conventui  et  eorum  fuccefforibus  warrantizabimus  adquietabimus  et  de- |  feidemus  m  perpetuum  contra  omnes  genres  ....  Johannes  pater  mens  die  quo teoftavit  Willielmum  Dekejl  feoffatorem  domini  Johannis  de  Raygale.  a “  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  huic  prefenti  fcripto  figillum  meum  appofui. “  Hus  teftibus  domino  Johanne  de  Raygate ,  domino  Willielmo  de  SanRo  Quintino  militibus “mihelrnode  Bulerwyk  Ricardo  de  Buterwyk,  Wydone  de  Apelton,  Hugone  de  Acajler, “  Mich,  de  Merjlona.  aliis. Charla  regis  Henrici  tcrtii. B  1.  Nr.  3  j.  J-jE-nricus  Dei  gratia  rex  Anglie,  dominus  Ilibernie.  dux  Aquitanie,  archiepifcopis,  epif- “  coPis>  nbbntibus,  prioribus,  comitibus,  baronibus,  juftitiariis,  vicecomitibus “  prepoGtis,  mimftris  et  omnibus  ballivis  et  fidelibus  noftris,  falutem.  Infpeximus  cartam “  ftuam  lncllte  recordatioms  Henricus  quondam  rex  Anglie  avus  nolter  fecit  abbati  et  mona “  “is  St.  Mane  Eboraci  in  hec  verba,  Henricus  Dei  gratia  rex  Anglie,  dux  Normannie  et “  Aquitame  comes  Andegavie  archiep.  epifcop.  abbat.  et  omnibus  comit.  baron,  et  juftit  et “  Ylcecom-  et  mimftris  fins  et  omnibus  fidel.  fuis  Francis  et  Anglis  per  Angliam,  falutem “  Sciatis  nos  conceffiffe  et  dediffe  m  purarn  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  pro  falute  anime  mee “  et  Pro  &lute  anl™ra'n  aT‘  nofl:n  regis  Henrici  et  matris  noftre  et  omnium  antecefforum ‘  r°  i™",",11’  .neijnon  Pr0  ftutu  regril  noftri,  Roberto  abbati  et  fuccefforibus  fuis  et  abbatie *  j.  Mane  Ebor  et  monachis  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus  terras,  ecclefias,  cellas,  maneria “  decimas,  filvas,  ftagna,  plana,  molendina  et  alias  poffefliones  fuas  poffidendas  libere  et “  quiete,  ab  omm  terreno  fervitio  in  perpetuam  poffeffionem,  ficut  unquam  melius  tempori- bus  antecefforum  noft.  tenuerunt,  cum  eifdem  legibus  et  libertatibus  et  dignitatibus  et  con- “  Hetudmibus  quas  habet  ecclefia  fandh  Petri  Eboraci,  et  ecclefia  S.  Johannis  Beverlaci  Et “  "e  homines  S.  Mane  eant  ad  comitatus  vel  fchiras,  vel  tridings,  vel  wepentag.  vel  hun- “  drez,  nec  etiam  pro  vicecomic.  vel  minifl.  eorum,  fed  fi  vicecom.  vel  miniftri eorum  ha- “  bent  querelam  contra  homines  fanfte  Marie  dicanc  abbati  Ebor.  et  ftatuco  die  venient  in “  curiam  S.  Marie  e t  lbi  habeant  return  de  capitali  placito  fuo,  et  Si.  Maria  habeat  quic- “  qu‘0  pertinet  ad  curiam  fuam,  et  ficut  aliqua  ecclefia  in  tota  Anglia  rnagis  eft  libera  fie  et 1  hec  libera  et  omnes  terre  ad  earn  pertinentes  quas  nunc  habet  vel  quas  rationabiliter  ad- ‘  quirere  potent -  et  maneria  et  celle  et  qualibet  alie  poffeffiones  fint  quiete  de  placitis  et querela,  etmurdro,  alatrocinio,  etfeutagio,  et  geld,  et  Dane-geld,  et  hidagiis,  et  aJRfis  et de  operatiombus  caftellorum  et  pontium ,  et  parcorum,  et  de  ferDtmta  et  fjaimtota ,‘et  jfle* immeffiantli,  et  de  taDpenp,  et  de  aserpenp,  et  de  Mobtosta,  et  de  furlupta  et  de  timv ‘  OJCDpctlu  et  de  tpcfljviigpciip,  et  de  Icirlupta,  et  dethelonio,  etde  pajfagio,  et pontagio,  et lejtagw.  Loncefiimus  infuper  eidem  abbatie  pads  fralluram,  et  pugnam  in  domo  fadtam, ttdomts  invafionem,  et  omnes  ajfullus  hominum  fuorum,  et  fotellall,  et  gruOtecSc  et  hauitr „  fruroc>  ct/?r>  et  f,0*  et  tticam,  et  infangenctljef,  et  outfaiigenefjieft.  Poll  obitum V:  roabbatis  ejufdem  ecclefie  ex  eadem  congreg-uione  eligatur  abbas  alter  qui  dignus  fit; aliunde  vero  nullus,  mfi  ibi  invenire  nequiverit  qui  dignus  fit  tali  fungi  officio  :°quod  ft evemt  de  alio  noto  et  familiari  loco  poteftatem  liberam  habeant  eligendi  abbatem  ido- “  neum. Chap. IV.  of  St.  Mary’i  Abbey  at  YORK. 60  j ncum .  Teftibus  hiis  Gaufry  Helyenji  epif.  Hurone  Dunehn  pnif  u/illiolm  •  . j  Maunderyll,  Ranulfo  Glanvile  Hugone  Bardulfo,  apud  Wudeftol.  '  N0f  autem  predialsABB^11 „  ?fm  et  donationem  habentes  ratas  et  gratas,  eas  quantum  in  nobis  eft  pro  nobis „  fC  heredtbus  noftns  m  perpetuum  concedimus  et  confirmamus  ficut  carta  predift  rationa „  blllter  teftatur,  yolentes  infuper  prediftis  abbati  et  monach.  pro  falute  noftra  et  animanun “tecefforum  et  hwedum  noft.  gratiam  facere  uberiorem  ut  quietantie  et  liberates  Dre did.  fibi  et  fuccefforibus  fuis  integre  et  inconcuffe  remaneant  in  futurum,  precipimus  et ;;  “nced,mus  pro  nobts  et  heredibus  noft.  quod  predifti  abbas  et  eorum  fucirfbSunbrer fiset  fingul.  libertatum  et  quietantiarum  articulis  fupra  dift.  libere  et  fineoccafione  et-im pedimento  noftr.  et  hered.  noft.  jufticiar.  et  omnium  balltvorum  noft.  uti  valeant  de  cete  o quandocunque  voluennt  et  ubicunque  fibi  viderint  expedite  quamquam  predift  libe  “ “  “"buS  ^  “  all<lu.°  artrculo  minus  plene  ufi  fuerint  prout  feciffe  poterant  er “  rope" 1 forlfaflunm  noftT ' P'?-  temPoriblls  >-ctroaais.  Et  prohibemus „  „T  torisracturam  noft  ne  quis  prefatus  abbatem  et  monachos  contra  predift.  concefiio- nem  et  quietantiam  in  aliquo  vexare  inquietare  vel  moleftare  prefumat. “  Hus  teftibus,  venerabili  patre  Waltero  Bathon.  et  Wellenf.  epif.  Henrico  filio  re»is  Ah- “  J‘e^/>te  n°^//  7«banne  de  Venlun ,  mUielmo  de  Gny,  R berto  Any llum.  WHUelmo  de  Attic,  Nicholao  de  Leukenor,  Galfrido  de  Percy,  Raduhho de  ..  .  Kejfaz,  Petro  Sytydemor,  Barth,  le  Bygod  et  aliis.  7  f "  “  qu^ePfimomanUm  KeniUewurtb  oftav°  die  Septem.  anno  regni  noftri  quin- Charta  Johannis  Malebyfle. “  O^T^US  haS  HteraS  vifllris  vel  auditufis  Johannes  Malebyffe  falutem.  Sciatis  me  pro „  fi  f  m  C  mee,-,et  patnS  Ct  matrls  mee  “nceflifle  dedifle,  et  prefenti  carta  meaB-  *■  N-  l6- confirmaffe  in  purani  liberam  et  perpetuam  elemofinam  Deo  et  eccle  beate  MaHeEbor^' et  monach, s  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus  dimidiam  karucatam  terre  in  l  Z“.' mbus  pertinent, isfms  quam  Rich.  Malebyfe  filius  Robert;  Malebife  remitt,  de  pat”  To tdeme  in  domimco  et  fervmis ;  lllam  ialicet  dimidiam  karucatam  terre  quam  Emma „  f  •  •  avla  m^.tenu.t  -  cum  Roberto  filio  Ark, lit  et  fequela  fua  cum  omnibus  liber- “  “  Ibus  e^alfiamcn“  mfra  Vllllm  «  extra  ad  predidtam  terram  pertinentibus  et  in  om- mbus.  Hanc  prediftam  terram  in  omnibus,  ficut  predift.  eft.  Ego  Johannes  et  heredes me,  predift.  ecclef.  et  predift.  monachis  padfice  integre  et  quiete°in  perpetuum  tenen dam  et  habendam  contra  omnes  hommes  et  feminas  warrantizabimus  defendemus  et  ad- quietabimus  m  perpetuum  ab  omnibus  fecularibus  fervitiis  et  exaftionibus.  Et  u  hec ”^uid0nat?O  fi™a  et  ftabdls  PerPe^m  permaneat,  huic  feripto  figillum  meum  ap- Hiif  7tT;r  %yrkyn’a  fiL  Alani'  mUUl ™  de  berto  de  Kent , “  ^fsTert^lvl,'  RTrZ  ^  ErUf\  H‘"rk0  de  Scil‘°"'  Richardo  Maunfel,  Roberto de  Skegn  JJe  Waltero  de  Tcrp,  G.  de  fantlo  Audoeno,  mil.  ' cuo ,  Roberto  Suppe,  Ri- bardo  de  Camera  Rogero  Coco,  Radulpho  Cokes,  WilUelmo  de  Lilling,  thorn.  Jam- “  tore ,  Johanne  de  Selely  et  alns.  6  J Charta  Richardi  Soudan. !!  O^WUS  nnltl  fldebbus.ad  quos  prefens  feriptum  pervenerit  Ricardus  filius  Ricardiu  6  M mTffe  Del  et  e  c  ems'  J^Fb™  ^  Ct  haC  prefentl  carta  mea  confir- ^lt0Nn.3f' -  mminTn  V  '  jL‘  ■  K  et  Prloratul  s-  Martini  ,uxta  Richemunde,  et  monachis ibidem  Deo  fervientibus  m  liberam  puram  et  perpetuam  elemofinam  fex  acras  terre  cum «  mmTT*  AP.etan  ’  feilicet  unam  acram  et  tres  rodas  fuper  forlaX «  Ivd  l  e  e  Th0me  6  “  Hermen'  lc  unam  acram  ad  Crakehm  juxta  terram  Thome  fil  L e  “tam  terram  rneam  in  Trespleges  que  jacet  inter  terram  Henrici  clerici  et  terram „  f  ma"'s  mef s  et  duas  aclas  et  dimidiam  rodam  exceptis  quatuor  perticatis  in  Three tl  tSJLqw  3Tnt  mt?  rrPm  V'am. et  terram  Tbome  fiL  J"drid-  habend  et  tenend.  diebs prioratui  et  monachis  libere  et  quiete  et  hononfice  integre  et  pacifice  in  liberam  puram “et  perpetuam  elemofinam  cum  communa  ville  et  cum  omnibus  pertinentiis  fuis  efaifu- „  "len.t,s  cc  hbertatibus  et  libens  confuetudimbus  infra  villam  et  extra,  in  omnibus  locis  in- tegris  abfque  aliquo  retenemento  ad  eandam  terram  pertinentibus  in  perpetuum  Et  ego tinenHU  fn  s  et  er  me‘  ^ “rram  cum  communa  ville  Jt  cum  omnibus  p£ <(  t  nentus  fins  et  aifiamentis  et  libertatibus  et  liberis  confuetudinibus  infra  villam  vel  ex- „  '  omnibus  locis  integris  abfque  aliquo  retenemento  diftis  ecclef.  S.  Marie  Ebor  et -s  h;m,ratUA  S '•  M?rtl'n  fxbtmunde  et  monachis  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus  warrantiza¬ bimus  adquietabimus  et  defendemus  contra  omnes  genres  in  perpetuum. “Hns  teftibus  Hugone  de  Magneby,  Thoma  de  Laceles,  Petro  de  Crachale,  AlanodeCrac- f‘Ha'ndfyeWillielmiLunghefpee,  Thoma  de  Burgo,  Alano  fil.  Willielmi de  Apelton,  Helm  de  Dunn,  Johanne  de  Walebury,  et  ;3iL3l3IS&. 7  P Charta <5o6 St.  Mary’j Abeey. B.7.N.33. Acafter. B.  8.  N.  38. Wafland,  Sc- ton,  Hornefey et  Barton- meres. B.  8-  N.  58. My  ton. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookII. Charta  Richardi  Malebyfie. 'Ciant  omnes  hoc  fcriptum  vifuri  vel  audituri  quod  ego  Rirardus  Maiebyjfe ,  filius O  ..  Roberli  Mdcb'iJJe,  pro  falute  anime  mee  conceffi  «  dedi  et  prefenti  carta  mea “  confinnavi  cum  corpore  meo  Deo  et  ecclefie  fancte  Marie  Ebor.  et  monachis  ibi- “  dem  Deo  fervientibus  ubi  fepulturam  elegi,  duas  bovatas  terre  et  dimidiam  in  Jttcr- “  Acadre  cum  hominibus  et  fervitiis  ad  terrain  illam  pertinentibus.  Et  pretcrea  totum “  fervitium  unius  bovate  terre  et  dimid.  quam  Raebgmld  quondam  uxor  Robert!  Tuel  tenet “  de  me  pro  quatuor  lolid.  et  fex  denariis  et  dimidia  libra  cimini  michi  inde  annuatim “  reddend.  l'cil.  medietatem  ad  Pentecoflen  et  medietatem  in  fefto  S.  Martini,  cum  omnibus “  pertinentiis.  Et  dicti  monach.  predift.  duas  bovatas  terre  et  dimidiam  cum  torn  lcrvi- “  tio  predift.  bovate  terre  et  dimid.  et  cum  pertinentiis  et  ailiamentis  intra  villain  et  ex- ..  tra  tenebunt  et  habebunt  in  puram  et  perpet.  clemofinam,  libere  integre  etquiete.  Red¬ es  dendo  inde  annuatim  domino  Jobanni  Malebijfe  et  heredibus  fuis  quatuor  denanos  pro “  omni  fervido  et  exactione  mediet.  ad  Pentecoflen  et  mediet.  in  lefto  S.  Martini.  Excepta “  tamen  Warda  de  Eya  quantum  pertinct  ad  dimidiam  karucat.  terre  cujus  qumdecim “  karucate  terre  faciunt  feodum  itnius  militis.  Et  ut  hoc  fcriptum  perpetuum  obtineat “  firmitatem  illud  figilli  mei  appolicione  corroboravi. Hiis  teftibus,  domino  Roberto  de  Skegneffe  tunc  fenefchall.  abbatie  S.  Mane  Ebor.  mi¬ ss  giftris  Eujlacbio  de  Kyma,  Jobanne  de  Merleberg,  Roberto  de  Grimifton,  RaAulpho  de “  Wilebech,  Willielmo  de  Walecote ,  Rogero  Coco,  Thoma  Janitore,  Willielmo  de  Lilting, “  Willielmo  Cervo,  et  pluribus  JiII.33.S- Cbarta  Stephani  de  Haytefeld. “  /'AMnibus  C'hrifti  fidelibus  ad  quos  prefens  fcriptum  pervenerit  Stephanas  filius  Walteri •  <  V  /  Haytefeld  falutem  in  dom.  eternam.  Noveritis  me  remififfe  et  quietum  clamafie U  de  me  et  heredibus  meis  in  perpetuum  Deo  et  eccl.  S.  Marie  Ebor.  et  Thome  abbati  et “  monachis  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus  et  eorum  fuccefioribus  totum  jus  et  clamium  quod  ha- ‘ t  gui  vcl  habere  potui  in  maris  de  Wajfand,  Seton,  Hornefe  et  Anefe-Burlon ,  ita  quod  nec “  ego  nec  heredes  mei  nec  aliquis  ex  parte  mea  vel  heredum  meorum  de  cetero  in  prediftis “  maris  aliquo  modo  pifcare  poterimusperbatellum  vel  finebatello,  vel  per  rete,  vel  aliquo .t  aij0  modo  pifcandi  fine  voluntate  et  afienfu  diftorum  abbatis  et  monachorum  vel  fuc- “  celforum  eorum.  Nec  ego  nec  heredes  mei  nec  aliquis  ex  parte  noft.  de  cetero  impe¬ ls  diemus  prediftos  abbatem  vel  monachos  vel  eorum  fucceffores  pifcare  in  predift.  mans „  quandocunque  et  ubicunque  voluerint.  Et  ut  hec  mea  remiftio  et  quieta  clamatio  rate “  et  itabiles  maneant  in  pofterum,  hoc  prefens  fcriptum  figilli  mei  munimine  roboravi. “  Hiis  teftibus  domino  Johanne  de  Oketon  tunc  fenefchallo  S.  Marie  Ebor.  Johanne  de “  Dantborp  mil.  Galfrido  Agelun  mil.  Ricardo  de  Anlatbeby,  Johanne  de  Monteaus, “  Roberto  de  Wajfand,  et  aliis  ( [s ). Charta  Thomae  vicar,  de  Myton. “  Q  Ciant  prefentes  et  futuri  quod  ego  Thomas  vicarius  eccl.  de  Myton  dedi  et  conceffi  et tc  h.ic  prefenti  carta  mea  confirmavi  religiofis  viris  abbati  et  conventui  monaft.  beate “  Marie  Ebor.  duo  meffugia  et  duas  bovatas  terre  cum  omnibus  aliis  pertinentiis  in  villa “  et  territorio  de  Myton  que  habui  de  dono  et  feoffamento  Johannis  de  Fletham  et  Eliza¬ s'  bethe  uxoris  fue  in  villa  de  Myton  fupradifta.  Habend.  et  tenend.  omn.  predift.  terras “  et  tenementa  cum  omnibus  libertatibus  et  aifiamentis  prefatis  abbati  et  conventui  et  fuc- “  ceflforibus  fuis  in  liberam  puram  et  perpetuam  elemofinam  libere  et  quiete  ab  omnibus “  fecularibus  exaftionibus  et  demandis. “  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  huic  prefenti  carte  figillum  meum  appofui. "  Datum  apud  Myton  die  fefti  annuntiationis  beate  Marie  virginis  anno  Domini  mille- “  fimo  trecentefimo  fexagefimo  feptimo. “  Hiis  teftibus,  Ricardo  Bernard!  filio,  Willielmo  de  EJlrington  de  Myton,  Willielmo  V in¬ s'  do,  Tboma  Lovell,  Ricardo  de  Pykeryng,  Willielmo  de  Berneby  et  aliis. (.)  Sell  now  appendant  to  this  deed  is  a  flower  de  \iz  on  green  wax  ,  infciiption;  i&. 3D iC  eSSttfClUD. Charta Chap.  IV. of  St  M  a  p.  y  s  At?  f.  y  at  Y  O  RK. <^0" Chur! a  jvgis  Henrici  I. St.  Map.y'i Abeey. B.  9.  N  3. “  /  T  E  N.  (t)  rex  Angler.  OJh.  vicec.  et  omnibus  baron ibus  fuis  Francis  et  Anglis  devc^c 41  “  Eborafcira  fal.  Trecipio  quod  abbas  et  monachi  de  Ehorac «  teheant  bene  et  in “  pace  et  honorifice  totum  bofeum  fuum  ct  totarri  terram  {barn  ab  aqua  Dune  ufq.  ad “  aquam  que  appellatur  Si-vena,  ficut  unquam  melius  tenuerunt  antequam.  forefta  fuit.  Et “  defendo  foreftariis  meis  ne  fe  intromittant.  Concedo  etiam  ipfius  abbati  et  fuccefforibus “  ejus  totam  toreftariam  in.  Et  faciat  cuftodire  ad  opus  meum  tam  cervum  cervam  por- “  cum  et  ancipitrem . tell.  Lhd.  Dapif.  ap.  JVeJlmonafi.  in  fejl'o  Domini. Charta  Johannis  de  Spaunton. “  /~\Mnibus  hoc  feriptum  viiuris  vel  audituris  Johannes  fibers  Petri  (he  Spaunton  falutemB.  9.N.  19. “  in  Domino  fempiternam.  Noveritis  nie  dediffe  conceffilfe  et  hac  prefenti  feripto  sPaunton- tc  meo  confimrafie  S.  abbati  Jangle  Marie  Ebor.  et  ejufdem  loci  conventui  et  eorum  fuccelfo- “  ribus  univerfis  unum  mefluagium  et  unum  toftum  cum  duabus  bovatis  terre  iti  villa  de “  Spaunton ,  habend.  et  tenend.  diet,  abbati  et  conventui  et  eorum  fuccefforibus  univerfis  in “  liberam  puram  et  perpetuam  elemofinam  in  perpstuum.  Et  ego  Johannes  et  herecles  mei “  predict,  mefluagium  et  toftum  cum  predict,  bovatis  terre  contra  onines  homines  vvarran- “  tizabimus,  acquietabimus  et  defendemus  in  perpetuum. “  In  cujus  rei  teftimon.  huic  prefenti  feripto  figillum  meum  appofui. “  Hiis  teftibus,  Domino  Willielmo  de  SanBo  Quintino  milite,  Waltero  de  Romeyn ,  Rogero  de “  JVrelinglon ,  Thoma  le  Lar diner ,  Richardo  Bullok  Dc  ffirfeebp  ttllfpcrfOlt,  Johanne  de “  Sarcrino  de  Wodde-Apilton  et  Simone  filio  Malilde  de  eadem  ct  aliis. Charta  Adam  de  Thornton. “  QCia-nt  prefentes  et  futuri  quod  ego  Adam  de  Thornton  cler.  dedi  concefii  et  hac  pre-  B.  9.  N.  53. ^  “  fenti  carta  mea  confirmavi  religiofis  viris  abbati  et  conventui  monafterii  beate  Apilton [up. “  Marie  Ebor.  tria  meffuagia  et  tres  bovatas  terre  cum  pratis  et  pafturis  et  omnibus  aliis Wl<k- “  pertinentiis  in  Apilton  fupra  Wyjke  que  habui  de  dono  et  feoffamento  Johatinis  fil.  Ricardi tc  de  Irby  de  Apilton  ftiper  Wyjk  habend.  et  tenend.  omnia  predidas  terras  et  tenementa “cum  omnibus  pertinentiis  fuis  libertatibus  et  ailiamentis  prefatis  abbati  et  conventui  et “  eorum  fuccefforibus  in  liberam  puram  et  perpetuam  elemofinam  in  perpetuum,  libere  et “  quiete  ab  omnibus  fervitiis  fecularibus  exadionibus  et  demandis. “  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  figillum  meum  huic  prefenti  carte  appofui. “  Hiis  teftibus,  Ricardo  de  Richmonde ,  Henrico  de  Bellerby , . .  Thoma “  del  Hill  de  S micb ton,  Willielmo  filio  Rogeri  de  Horneby ,  Thoma . et  aliis. “  Dat.  apud  Apilton  fuper  Wyfk  die  dominica  prox.  poft  feft.  annuntiationis  beate  Marie “  virginis  anno  Dom.  Millefimo  trecentefimo  fexagefimo  feptimo. Charta  Richardi  de  Galeby. “  'jO'Overint  per  prefentes  quod  ego  Ricardus  de  Galeby  manens  in  Aynderby  dedi  con-  p  9.  n.  63 “  cefti  et  prefenti  carta  mea  confirmavi  Deo  et  abbatie  fancte  Marie  Ebor.  et  prio-  Ainderby. “  ratui  fandi  Martini  juxta  Richmund et  monachis  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus  unam  placeam “  terre  cum  tota  grangia  mea  in  Aynderby  et  cum . que  jacet  inter  toftum  Roberti “  Cunning  ex  una  parte  et  toftum  Alitie  de  Galeby  ex  altera,  que  continet  in  longitudine “ . perticatas  et  quindecim  pedes  terre,  et  in  latitudine  quinquaginta  et  quinque  pe- “  des  teir  •.  Tenend.  et  habend.  didis  abatie  prioratui  et  monachis  cum  libero  introitu  et “  exitu  verlus  orientem  et  occidentem  cum  .  .  gis  et  plauftris  ad  blada  fua  capienda  et  ad “  omnimoda  alia  necefTaria  facienda  quandocunque  et  quotiefeunque  ibi  .  .  placuerint  de “  capitali  dominio  feodi  illius  in  perpetuum,  cum  omnimodis  ailiamentis  dide  placee  infra “  villam  de  Aynderby  et  extra  pertinentibus  ficut  ego  Ricardus  vel  antecefiores  mei  illam “  placeam  unquam  liberius  vel  quiet,  tenuerunt.  Et  ego  Ricardus  de  Galeby  et  heredesmei “  et  affignati  mei  in  quibufeunque  manibus  capitale  mefluagium  meum  et  terra  . . .  de  An- “  derby  devenit  predid.  abbatie  et  prioratui  monachis  et  eorum  fuccefforibus  univerfis  to- (/)  This  very  ancient  grant  from  king  Henry  I.  is  of  the  regifter  of  St.  Mary,  and  printed  in  the  appen- a  little  imperfeft.  It  is  indorled  Cart.  Henrici  prim,  dix  to  the  additional  volume  of  the  moiaft.  p.  86. tie  Farndale  cum  Spanniton.  Probably  this  Ojlert,  who  n.  69.  But  how  incorieft  the  reader  may  fee  if  he was  highfheriff  at  this  time,  was  Ojber.  de  Archis  men-  pleafes. tioned  before.  A  copy  of  this  very  grant  is  taken  out J  tam 4 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. “  tarn  placeam  predict,  cum  omnibus  fuis  pertinentiis,  ficut  predift.  eft,  contra  omnes “  homines  warrantizabimus  adquietabimus  et  in  perpetuum  defendemus. “  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  prefenti  fcripto  figillum  meum  appofui. “  Hiis  teftibus,  Johamie  de  Hellerbeco,  Rogero . ,  IVillielmo  Paring,  Jobanne “  Lungtayne,  Roberto  do  Anderby,  Johamie  de  le  Lyche  et  multis  aliis. Cbarta  Willielmi  de  Arel. B.  10.  n,7.  “  OCiant (u)  omnes  qui  viderint  vel  audierint  litteras  has  quod  ego  IVdlielmus  de  Arel  vo- Icrl'/ta  it  Sc-  O  “  Imitate  et  affenfu  uxoris  mee  et  heredum  meorum,  et  pro  falute  anime  mee  et  pa- “  tris  et  matris  mee  et  omnium  antecefforum  meorum  concefti  et  hac  prefenti  carta  mea ‘‘  confirmavi  Deo  et  beate  Marie  Ebor,  et  monachis  ibidem  deo  fervientibus  ecdefiam  de “  Saae  aim  omnibus  pertinentiis  fuis  in  puram  et  perpetuam  eiemofinam  ficut  carta  pa- “  tris  mei  Marmeduci  quam  in  manibus  habent  teftatur.  Et  ut  ifta  conceftio  et  confir- matio  rata  et  inconcuffa  in  pofterum  a  me  et  heredibus  meis  permaneat,  prefens  fcrip- (t  turn  figilli  mei  appofitione  roboravi. “Hiis  teftibus,  Wdlielmo  de  Perci,  Waltero  de  Boigte.  magiftro  Waltero  de  Dribend.  magif- “  Michaele  deClavill,  Ricardo  de  Camera,  OJbertoJanitore,  Roberto  Bachel.  Rob.  Lut- “  Rad.  de  Longa  villa ,  IVillielmo  Pincerna,  Johanns  de  Had md l,  Johamie  Coco,  et  mul- “  tis  aliis. Charla  Johannis  de  Erghum. B.  io.  N.  2o,“  OCiant  omnes  tarn  prefentes  quam  futuri  quod  ego  Johannes  filius  Nicbolai  de  Erghum “  pro  falute  anime  mee  et  omnium  parentum  meorum  concefti  dedi  et  hac  prefenti “  carta  confirmavi  Deo  et  ecclefie  S.  Marie  Ebor.  et  monachis  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus  to- “  tarn  illam  culturam  meam  que  jacet  in  territorio  de  Erghum  inter  cemiterium  et  aquam “  que  vocatur  Thefe  cum  foffato  extra  illam  culturam  proximo  jacente,  fcil.  quatuor  acras “  et  dimid.  de  terra  arabili  et  unam  rodam  terre  fuper  IJUlnbrlctlttcbcrg  que  jacet  inter  cul- “  turam  quondam  domini  Rogcri  filii  Ricardi  et  terrain  Radulji  de  Smilbeton ,  et  duas  acras “  Prati  in  campo  de  Erghum,  fcil.  in  Hales,  propinquiores  prato  Simonis  filii  Walters  de ‘i  Chillington  verfus  auftrum.  Habendas  et  pofiidendas  cum  omnibus  aifiamentis  perti- “  nent.  ad  eandem  terram  infra  villlam  et  extra  in  puram  liberam  et  perpetuam  demo¬ te  finam. “  Hiis  teftibus,  Roberto  Arundel,  Willielmo  de  Lilling,  noma  fil.  Lamberti,  Thoma  clerico “  de  infirmaria,  Gilberto  focio  fuo  et  jp  UHL  311331$). Cbarta  Richardi  de  Spineto. c.  ro.  N.  15.“  /''XMnibus  hanc  cartam  vifuris  vel  audituris  ego  Ricardus  filius  Ricardi  de  Spyneto  falu- Smthop.  “  tem.  Noverit  univerfitas  veftra  me  remififfe  et  quietum  clamafle  de  me  et  he- “  redibus  meis  in  perpetuum  Deo  et  ecclefie  beate  Marie  Ebor.  et  monachis  ibidem  Deo “  fervientibus  tres  bovatas  terre  in  Sulthorp  que  ftant  juxta  maram  de  Hornefe,  cum  omni- “  bus  pertinentiis  fuis  infra  villam  et  extra  et  in  omnibus  locis  abfque  ullo  retenemento, “  fcil.  fervitium  de  duabus  bovatis  terre  que  Nich.  fil  Walteri  clerici  quondam  tenuit,  et “  alteram  bovatam  tenendam  in  dominico  cum  omnibus  fuis  pertinentiis  dictis  abbati  et “  monach.  in  liberam  puram  et  perpetuam  eiemofinam  in  perpetuum,  abfque  aliquo  rete- “  nemento.  Et  ego  Ricardus  etheredes  mei  predift.  omnia  fervitia  et  tenementa  cum  om- “  nibus  fuis  pertinentiis  dift.  eccl.  et  monach.  in  liberam  puram  et  perpetuam  eiemofinam “  warrantizabimus  defendemus  et  adquietabimus  contra  omnes  genres  in  perpetuum,  ita “  ......  difti  monachi  tenebuntur  exhibere  in  me  vel  heredibus  meis  cartam  IVilUelmi “  milids . .  .  .  .  et  cartam  Willielmi  de  Friboys  eifdem  monachis  reddidi  in  predifta “  remiftioneet  quieta  clamatione  quam  habui  de  eodem  tenemento,  fi  ego  vel  heredes  mei “  in  placiten.  de  predifto  tenemento. “  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  huic  fcripto  figillum  meum  appofui. “  Hus  teftibus,  Waltero  de  Pikeryng,  Roberto  de  Coujhel,  Wallcro  de  Spineto,  Tvone  Soc- “  vad)nt  Reginaldo  filio  Reginaldi  de  Sulthorp,  Ade  Clerico  tunc  ballivo  de  Hornefe, ll  illielmo  Graynnepork,  Ricardo  filio  Martini  de  Hornefe  Burton,  et  multis  aliis. 608 St.  Mary’s Abbey. («)  The  church  of  Sezay  was  given  to  this  abbey  by by  MarmiuMe  de  ArelL  and  confirmed  by  this  and  other grants.  See  additional  volume  to  the  Mow.appen.  p.  93. n.  85,  &c. Cbarta Chap.  IV. of  St.  Marv’j  Aiibey  at  YORK. Chartfi  Richardi  Soudan* Literatim  ut  antea  in  charta  filii  fui  Richardi  B.  6.  N°.  35.  cum  tcftibus  iifdem* Charta  Richardi  Cohan. St.  Mary’j Abbe v. B.  10.  N.  19 Apelton. “  /"YMnibus  fanfte  matris  ecclefie  filiis  ad  quos  prefens  fcriptum  perVenerit,  Th.  filius B  I0  N  . “  Ricardi  Collan  de  Egremunde  falutem  in  Domino.  Noveritis  me  dediffe  conceffiffe  Horwayt.' 3 “  et  hac  prefenti. carta  mea  confirmaffe  Deo  et  beate  Mark  Ebor.  et  fanfte  Bege  in  Coup- “  lands  et  monachis  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus  unam  viarn  per  mediam  terram  mearn,  con- “  tincntem  in  latitudine  viginti  pedes  et  longicudine  de  Horwayt  ufque  ad  moram  de  Hen-  Hcnfmg  via “ftngb  cum  libero  introitu  et  exitu  ad  .voluntates  diftorum  monachorum.  Tenend.  et  ha- “  bend.  dift.  monachis  in  iiberam  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  Jibere  quiete  integre “  et  honorifice  ficut  aliqua  terra  eleemofinata  liberius  poterint  darivel  concedi.  Ego  did. lc  Tit.  et  heredes  mei  diftam  terram  ftcut  predict,  eft  diet,  monachis  warrantizabimus “  adquietabimus  et  defendemus  in  perpetuum.  Et  ft  contigit  quod  animalia  did.  mona- “  chorum  tarn  magnum  dampnum  in  blado  meo  caufa  difte  vie  fecerint,  bene  licebit  mihi “  et  heredibus  meis  ex  utraque  parte  dift.  vie  tenfare  veil  foffare  ita  cum  quod  dift.  mo- “  nachi  medietatem  cud.  habere  foffe  adquietabunt.  Preterea  feiendum  eft  quod  qualifcun- que  difta  via  fic  fofiata  vel  tenfata  longitudo  et  latitudo  dift,  viginti  pedum  integra  et  li- “  bera  dift.  via  Temper  remanebit. “  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  prefenti  feripto  figillum  meum  appofui. “  Hiis  teftibus,  dominis  Ricardo  de  Clec’,  Roberto  de  Langplogh ,  Nicholas  de  Meurby , “  Eba  tunc  ballivo,  Michaele  de  Huvington,  Roberto  de  Wilton,  Johanns  de  Hale,  Ri- “  car slo  Fleming,  Benediil.  de  Cotington  et  aliis. Charta  Rand,  de  Rednefs. “  /"\Mnibus  hanc  cartam  vifuris  vel  audituris  Randulfus  filius  Rolerti  de  Rednefs  falut.  in “  Domino.  Noverit  univerfitas  veftra  me  dediffe  conceffiffe  et  hac  prefenti  carta “  mea  confirmaffe  Deo  et  ecclefie  S.  Marie  Ebor.  et  monachis  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus  unam placeam  in  curia  mea  in  villa  de  Rednefs,  continentem  in  longitudine  quadraginta  pedes “  et  triginta  in  latitudine,  ad  conftruendum  quoddam  granarium  ad  opus  eleemofinarii  cum “  cum  libero  introitu  et  exitu  ufque  ad  regiam  viam  et  cum  omnibus  aliis  pertinentiis  di- “  ftam  placeam  contingentibus.  Tenend.  et  habend.  diftis  ecclefie  et  monachis  in  Iiberam “  puram  et  perpetuam  elemofinam  in  perpetuum.  Et  feiendum  eft  quod  licebit  dift.  mo- “  nachis  dift.  placeam  includere  quocunque  modo  voluerint  vel  fibi  viderint  expedire “  Et  ego  Randulfus  et  heredes  mei  diftam  placeam  cum  libero  introitu  et  exitu  et  cum  om- “  nibus  aliis  pertinentiis  abfque  aliquo  impedimento  mei  vel  heredum  meorum  dift.  ecclefie “et  monachis  in  Iiberam  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  warrantizabimus  defendemus  ad- “  quietabimus  contra  omnes  gentes  in  perpetuum. “  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  prefenti  feripto  figillum  meum  appofui. “  Hiis  teftibus,  Roberto  de  Skegneje  tunc  fenefchal.  S.  Marie  Ebor.  INtlUelmo  de  Kirton “  Johanns  de  Hue,  Johanne  de  Griglingjlon,  Roberto  filio  Ang'i.  Willielmo  filio  Robert i “  Ricardo  de  Withington, . Wallen  de  Afe,  Johanne  de . ’ “  Alano  do  Ecclefia,  Adam  de  Eleemofmaria,  Roberto  de  Fenton,  Roberto  deAregi  et  mul- “  tis  aliis. Charta  Roaldi  de  Colebrunne. “  /■'VMnibus  has  literas  vifuris  vel  audituris  Roaldus  filius  Galfridi  de  Colebrunne  falutem. “  Sciatis  me  pro  falute  anime  mee  conceffiffe  et  dediffe  et  prefenti  carta  mea  con- “  firmaffe  cum  corpore  meo  Deo  et  ecclefie  fanfte  Marie  Ebor.  et  monachis  ibidem  Deo “  fervientibus  ubi  fepulturam  elegi  ad  fabricam  ejufdem  ecclefie  duas  acras  terre  in  terri- “  torio  de  Hypplefwell  que  jacent  fuper  Arenberg  propinquiores  terre  prioratus  fanfti  Mar- £t  tini  juxta  Richmund  cum  libero  introitu  et  exitu  et  cum  omnibus  pertinentiis  fuis,  tenen- “  das  et  habendas  in  perpetuum  in  puram  Iiberam  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  pacifice,  jn- “  tegre,  libere  et  quiete,  ab  omni  feculari  fervitio  et  exaftione.  Et  ego  et  heredes' mei “  prediftas  duas  acras  terre  cum  pertinentiis  predifte  ecclefie  et  prediftis  monachis  warran- “  tizabimus  defendemus  et  adquietabimus  in  perpetuum  contra  omnes  homines  et  feminas. “  Et  ut  hoc  fcriptum  perpetuam  obtineat  firmitatem  illud  figilli  mei  appofitione  ra- “  boravi. “  Hiis  teftibus,  Henrico  filio  Roaldi,  Johanne  de  Merfc  clerico,  Henrico  le  Buteiler,  Jo- “  hanne  fratre  ejus,  Cunano  de  Appelby,  Johanne  de  Seleby  et  Al  iis. 7  CL Charta The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. 6\o St.  Mary’s Abbey-.  Chart  a  Stephani  Shampenes. B  n.  N.  54.“  QCiant  preferrteset  futuri  quod  ego  Stephanas  Shampenes  in  Friday  thorp  et  Katherina  uxor Rudftane.  O  “  mea  dedimus,  conceflimus  et  prefenti  carta  confirmamus  Simoni  abbati  beate  Marie “  Eboraci  et  ejufdem  loci  conventui  ad  fpirituales  eorundem  augmentandas  dimidium  bo- “  vate  terre  cum  tota  parte  fuorum  bofcorum  in  villa  et  territorio  de  Ruddejlan  nos  con¬ i'-  tingente  jure  hereditario  per  mortem  Henrici  de  Etton  fratris  predidte  Katherine.  Habend. “  et  tenend.  dift.  Simoni  abbati  et  ejufdem  loci  conventui  in  perpetuum  ;  ita  tarn  quod  nec “  ego  Stephanas  nec  ego  Katherina ,  nec  aliquis  heredum  noftrorum,  nec  aliquis  ex  parte •  *  noltra  aliquod  jus  vel  clamium  in  didta  dimidia  bovata  terre  cum  parte  fuorum  bofcorum te  in  pofterum  poterimus  apponere  vel  vendicare.  Nos  Stephanus  et  Katherina  uxor  mea  et “  heredes  et  affigni  noft.  didtam  dimid  bovatam  terre  cum  tota  parte  fuorum  bofcorum 44  didtis  Simoni  abbati  et  conventui  et  eorum  fuccefforibus  univerfis  contra  omnes  homines 44  warrantizabimus. 44  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  huic  fcripto  figilla  nollra  appofuimus. 44  Hiis  teftihus  dom.  WUlielmo  de  Sanblo  Quintino ,  Ada  de  Gar  ton,  Thoma  de  Orderne , 44  Thoma  de  Plumjled ,  Johanne  Welard ,  Simone . boys  in  Raddejtan  et 44  aliis. B.  12  N-  47.  Cecilia  de  Walkington  quondam  uxor . de  Rydal  confirmat  Simoni  abbati  et  con- 44  ventui  dim.  bovat.  terre  cum  tota  parte  fua  trium  bolcorum  in  villa  et  territorio  de 44  Rndejlan ,  que  fe  continget  habere  jure  hereditario  per  mortem  Henrici  de  Etton ,  &c. 44  Teftihus  domino  Willielmo  de  Sanbio  Quintino  tunc  fenefchallo  abbatis  et  conventus  fandle 44  Marie  Ebor.  &c. Charta  Nicholai  le  Joevene. B.  12.  N.66.  44  /^vMnibus  hoc  fcriptum  vifuris  vel  audituris  Nicholaus  le  Joevene  de  Miton  falutem  in Miton.  “  Domino  fempiternam.  Noverit  univerfitas  veftra  me  dedifle  concefliffe  reddidifie 44  et  prefenti  fcripto  confirmaffe  Johanni  abbati  monafterii  fandte  Marie  Ebor.  et  ejufdem 44  loci  conventui  et  eorum  fuccefforibus  univerfis  quatuor  acras  et  dimidiam  terre  arabilis, 44  et  quatuor  acras  et  dimidiam  prati  in  territorio  et  campo  de  Miton  quas  de  prior,  ab- “  bate  et  conven.  aliquando  tenui  in  eadem  villa,  quarum  due  acre  terre  jacent  ....  othedike , “  una  acra  ad  gardinum  Batemani ,  dimidia  acra  ad  Barcarium  domini  abbatis,  dimidia “  acra  ad  Gategyneld  .  .  .,  dimid.  acra  ad  Guwylandes.  Pratum  jacet  in  locis  fubfcriptis “  videlicet  una  acra  in  Banco  et  Fenerdale  ......  RaveneJJyk ,  una  acra  et  dimid.  ad 44  longas  rodas ,  et  una  acra  ad  Hendikedale.  Tenend.  et  habend.  predict,  abbati  et  conven- “  tui  et  eorum  fuccefforibus  univerfis  in  liberam  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  cum 44  omnibus  libertatibus  pertinentiis  et  afiamentis  infra  villam  de  Miton  et  extra  predi6t.  acris 44  et  predidto  prato  pertinentibus  in  perpetuum.  Et  ego  Nicholaus  et  heredes  mei  predict. 44  terrain  predidtis  abbati  et  conventui  et  eorum  fuccefforibus  univer.  ficut  predidt.  eft  con- 44  tra  omnes  homines  warrantizabimus  acquietabimus  et  defendemus  in  perpetuum. 44  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  prefenti  fcripto  figillum  meum  appofui. 44  Hiis  teftibus,  dom.  Willielmo  de  Ros  de  Bolton  milite,  Simone  de  Stutevile ,  Syrnone  de 44  Leycejlre  vicario  de  Gilling ,  ....  Barne  de  Miton ,  Johanne  fil.  Willielmi  de  eadem, 44  WUlielmo  de  Walton  clerico,  Johanne  de  Edelingthorp ,  et  aliis. (x)  Charta  Roberti  de  Mainil. B.13.  N.  24. 44  ^  \T Otum  fit  omnibus  tarn  futuris  quam  prefentibus  quod  ego  Robertas  de  Mainil Miton.  l\l  44  dedi  ecclefie  fandte  Marie  Eboracenjis  abbatie  villam  que  vocatur  Mitone  in 44  eleemofinam  liberam  ab  omni  re  que  ad  me  vel  ad  heredes  meos  pertinet,  ita  ut  nichil 44  amplius  ex  ilia  exigere  debeam,  et  meam  donationem  fuper  altare  prefcripte  ecclefie  po- 44  nens  fic  liberam  conceffi  ficut  aliquis  rem  a  fe  poffeffam  Tiberius  donare  poteft. 44  Coram  hiis  teftibus,  Stephano  primo  abbate  didte  ecclefie,  Laurentio  Grammatico, 44  Willielmo  de  Verli,  ejus  fratre  Hugone ,  Hamone  Camerario ,  Malgero  de  Rcdeftein,  Ge- 44  rardo  Cementario ,  Daniele,  Rogero  Portario,  Reiner 0,  Torgero  Gernano ,  hii  funt  teftes 44  qui  cum  multis  aliis  fuerunt  in  ecclefia  cum  monachis  quando  predidtus  Robertas 44  donum  hoc  fuper  altare  pofuit,  pro  qua  eleemofina  ipfe  et  uxor  fua  Gertreda  et  fi- 44  lius  ejus  Stephanus  in  eleemofinis  et  orationibus,  et  omnibus  aliis  beneficiis  ab  omni 44  conventu  monachorum  recepti  fuerunt. (x)  This  very  anticnt  grant,  which  muft  be  upwards  of  the  Monafl.  n.  lxiv,  but  the  original  being  in  this ot  iix  hundred  years  old.  is  copied  from  the  regiller  collefHon  l  thought  fit  to  give  this  copy  of  it  The and  piinted  in  the  appendix  to  the  additional  volumes  antient  family  of  Maintl  is  yet  in  this  county. Charta Chap.  IV. of  St.  Marv’j  Abbey  at  YORK. 6  ir Charta  Philippi  de  Faukenberg  mil. St.  Mary’j Abbey. “  /^\Mnibus  Chrijli  Hdelibus  hoc  fcriptum  vifuris  vel  audituris  Philippus  de  Faukenberg  b.  14.  N°.j. “  miles  eternam  in  Domino  falutem.  Noverit  univerfitas  veftra  me  dedifie  concef-  Apelton. 41  filfe  et  hac  prefenti  carta  mea  confirmafle  Sytnoni  abbati  et  conventui  fande  Marie  Ebor. “  tres  placeas  prati  in  prato  de  Appelton  quod  vocatur  Wejthengs,  quarum  una  placea  notatur “  Pit  dale  et  jacet  inter  pratum  Willielmi  de  Horwington  et  pratum  quod  Henricus  Burghaad “  tunc  tenuit,  et  abuttat  in  occidentale  capite  fuper  aquam  de  Werf  et  extendit  fe  verfus 11  orientem  ufque  ad  Lepitle ;  et  alia  placea  notatur  Hyldale  et  jacet  inter  pratum  predidi “  Willielmi  et  pratum  quod  Adam  Carpent arias  tunc  tenuit,  et  abuttat  in  uno  capite  fuper «  aquam  de  Werf,  et  fic  fe  extendit  in  longitudine  ufque  ad  T ungedai  •,  et  tertia  placea  vocatur “  Tungedale  et  jacet  inter  pratum  predidi  Willielmi  et  pratum  quod  vocatur  Wad- 4t  dales,  et  abuttat  in  imo  capite  fuper  Suthwod  et  fic  fe  extendit  in  longitudine  verfus “  Mickeldales.  Tenendas  et  habendas  predict,  tres  placeas  prati  cum  omnibus  pertinentiis “  fuis  et  cum  libero  introitu  et  exitu  predid.  abbati  et  conventui  et  eorum  fuccelforibus  in “  liberam  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  in  perpetuum,  fine  omni  fervitio  feculari  con- “  luetudine  vel  demanda.  Et  ego  Philippus  et  heredes  mei  warrantizabimus  defendemus  et “  adquietabimus  predidas  tres  placeas  prati  cum  omnibus  pertinentiis  fuis  etcum  libero  in- “  troitu  et  exitu  predict,  abbati  et  conventui  et  eorum  fuccelforibus  in  liberam  puram  et “  perpetuam  eleemofinam  contra  omnes  gentes  in  perpetuum. “  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  prefenti  fcripto  figillum  meum  appofui. “  Hiis  teftibus  dominis  Johanne  de  Oketon  tunc  fenefcallo  fande  Marie  Lbor.  Johanne  de “  Raygate  et  Symonc  de  Lilling  militibus,  Johanne  de  Me rjl on,  Ricardo  de  Colton,  Hugone “  de  Ac  after,  Henrico  de  Cave,  TVydone  de  Appelton ,  Nicholao  de  Camera  et  aliis. “  Dat.  vigilia  fandi  Andree  apoftoli  anno  gratie  millefimo  ....  dUtentefimo “  .  .  .  .  fexagefimo  .  .  .  pit  3$^* Charta  Johannis  de  Reygate  mil. tc  /f”T,Mnibus  Chrijli  Hdelibus  vifuris  vel  audituris  Johannes  de  Reygate  miles  filutem  in  Do-  B.  14.  N°.  12. KJr  “  niino  fempiternam.  Noverit  univerfitas  veftra  me  dedifie  concefiiffe  et  hac  pre-  APelton. fenti  carta  mea  confirmafle  pro  faluteanime  mee  et  animarum  antecefiorum  et  fuccefiorum «  meorum  Deo  et  beate  Marie  1 1  Simoni  abbati  beate  Marie  Ebor.  et  monachis  ibidem  Deo “  et  beate  Marie  fervientibus  et  eorum  fucc^fibribus  totam  terram  meam  in  Apilton ,  cum “  omnibus  pertinentiis  fuis  fine  aliquo  retenemento,  una  cum  dote  cum  accident  in  perpe- *«  tuum.  Habend.  et  tenend.  de  me  et  heredibus  meis  predido  Simoni  abbati  beate  Marie “  Ebor.  et  monachis  ibidem  Deo  et  beate  Marie  fervientibus  et  eorum  fuccelforibus  libere, “  quiete,  bene,  integre  et  in  pace,  in  liberam  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  in  perpetuum,  fa- “  ciendo  inde  .  .  .  capitali  domino  debitum  et  conluetudinem.  Et  ego  Johannes  et “  heredes  mei  pnedidam  terram  predid.  Simoni  abbati  beate  Marie  et  monachis  Deo  ibidem “  et  beate  Marie  fervientibus  et  eorum  fuccelforibus  in  forma  predida  contra  omnes  gentes warrantizabimus  defendemus  et  adquietabimus. “  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  prefentem  cartam  figillo  meo  fignavi. “  Hiis  teftibus  domino  Willielmo  de  Rye,  Willielmo  de  T)o?iceftre ,  Ricardo  Malebice,  Williel- “  mo  de  Burgewiks  clerico,  Toflo  de  Apilto ,  Stephano  de  Schupton,  Johanne  de  Picling , “  Tboma  de  ...  et  aliis. “  Dat.  menfe  Oclobris  anno  regni  regis  Edvardi  fil.  regis  Henrici,  fecundo. Charta  Roberti  de  Skegenelfe. Eadem  cum  5.2.  N.  29.  b.h.  n°.3i; Apeitou. Charta  Elyas  de  Flaunville  mil. “  T  jNiverfis  Chrijli  fidelibus  hoc  fcriptum  vifuris  vel  audituris  Elyas  de  Flaunville  miles  b.  14.  N°.42. “  eternam  in  Domino  falutem.  Noveritis  me  dedifie  concefiilfe  et  hac  prefenti  carta  Dalby. “  mea  confirmafle  et  de  me  et  heredibus  meis  remifilfle  et  omnimodo  quietum  clamafle  Simoni tc  abbati  fande  Marie  Ebor.  et  ejufdem  loci  conventui  et  ?orum  fuccelforibus  in  perpetuum, “  pro  falute  anime  mee  et  animarum  antecefiorum  meorum  totam  terram  in  villa  de  Daleby , “  una  cum  dote  matris  mee  et  cum  villanis  meis  et  eorum  fequelis,  molendino  meo  cum “  feda,  et  cum  advocatione  et  jure  patronatus  ecclefie  ejufdem  ville  cum  omnibus  pertinentiis tc  fuis  infra  villam  et  extra,  ut  in  bofcis,  moris,  terris  arabilibus,  pratis,  pafcuis,  et  paftu- “  ris,  et  omnibus  aliis  aifiamentis  et  juribus  que  ratione  didi  tenementi  five  tenentium  me “  vel  heredibus  meis  competere  polfet  vel  defcendere  fine  aliquo  retenemento  in  perpetuum. “  Tenend.  et  habend.  eifdem  abbati  et  conventui  et  eorum  fuccelforibus  libere,  quiete,  pacifice, “  tegre 6  ii St.  Mary’/ Abbey. B.  i 5.  N°. 3. Dalby. B.  1  5.  N°.36 Newton. B.  i;.  N°.  48 Appleton. the  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. “  integre  in  liberam  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  quietam  ab  omni  terreno  fervitio  fecula- “  ri,  exadtione  et  demanda  in  perpetuum.  Et  ego  Elyas  et  heredes  mei  omnia  fupradidta “  cum  pertinentiis  ficut  predidtum  eft  predidtis  abbati  et  conventui  et  eorum  fuccefioribus  in “  liberam  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  contra  omnes  gentes  warrantizabimus,  adquie- “  tabimus,  et  in  omnibus  defendemus  in  perpetuum. “  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  prefenti  feripto  figillum  meum  appofui. “  Hiis  teftibus  domino  Jobanne  de  Oketon  tunc  vicecomite  Ebor.  Domino  Jobanne  de  Rav- “  gate,  domino  Simone  de  Lilling,  domino  Roberto  de  Kyrkeby  militibus,  Ricardo  de  Ca- “  mera,  Roberto  de  Breddale,  Simone  de  Sartia,  Stephano  fil.  Clementis  de  Scbupton ,  Jo- “  hanne  de  Merjlon ,  JValtero  de  AJk ,  Nicholao  de  Camera ,  et  aliis. Charta  Ymanyae  de  Flaumville. “  /^vMnibus  hoc  feriptum  vifuris  vel  audituris  Ttnanya  quondam  uxor  Alani  de  Flaumville “  falutem  in  Domino.  Noverit  univerfitas  veftra  me  in  propria  viduitate  et  potefta- “  te  mea  reddidiffe  relaxaffe  et  omni  modo  de  in  perpetuum  quietum  clamafle  domino  Simo- “  ni  abbati  fandte  Marie  Ebor.  et  ejufdem  loci  conventui  totum  jus  etclamium  quod  habui  vel “  aliquo  modo . in  bofeo  de  Dalby,  qui  vocatur  Dalby-Buxby  ratione  dotis  mee “  in  contingen . tenemento  predidti  Alani  viri  mei  in  eadem,  quod  nec  ego “  nec  aliquis  per  me  aliquod  jus  vel  clamium  in  predidto  bofeo  aliqua  ratione  vel  cafu  contin- “  gente  de  cetero  poterimus  vendicare. “  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  huic  prefenti  feripto  figillum  meum  appofui. “  Hiis  teftibus  domino  Jobanne  de  Oketon,  Simone  de  Lilling  militibus,  Ricardo  de  Came- “  ra,  Nicholao  de  Camera ,  Thoma  de  Routhecline,  Walter 0  de  Colton ,  Reginaldo  de “  Thorne  ton  foreftario  et  aliis  (z ). Charta  Huberti  de  Newton. “  QCiant  omnes  tarn  prefentes  quam  futuri  quod  ego  Huberlus  de  Neutona  dedi  conceffi  et *3  “  hac  prefenti  carta  mea  confirmavi  Deo  et  beate  Marie  Eboraci  et  beate  Bege  et  mo- “  nachis  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus  feptem  acras  terre  in  territorio  de  Neuton  et  totum  jus  quod «c  habui  vel  unquam  habere  potui  in  predidtas  feptem  acras  cum  omnibus  fuis  pertinen- “  tiis,  &c. “  Hiis  teftibus  dominis  Jobanne  de  Langelene ,  Roberto  de  Laneplogh,  Nicholao  de  Morneby , “  Elya  tunc  fenefchallo  de  Egremonte ,  Jobanne  de  Hale,  Jobanne  de  Gofeford,  Benediclo “  de  Rodinton,  aliis. Charta  Philippi  de  Faukenberg. ,u  T  TNiverfls  Chrifli  fidelibus  hoc  feriptum  vifuris  vel  audituris  eternam  in  Domino  falu- “  tern.  Noverit  univerfitas  veftra  me  dedifle  conceflifle  et  hac  prefenti  carta  mea “  confirmafle  S.  abbati  et  conventui  famfte  Marie  Ebor.  feptemdecim  acras  terre  cum  perti- “  nentiis  fuis  in  territorio  de  Apilton,  de  quibus  feptemdecim  acris  terre  duodecim  funtbofei, «  et  jacent  inter  bofeum  meum  et  bofeum  qui  quondam  fuit  Robertide  Munecell,  et  abuttant “  in  orientali  capite  fuper  viam  que  it  ufque  ad  Coupemantborp ,  et  occidentali  capite  fuper “  bofeum  de  Colton.  Et  quinque  acre  de  prediclis  feptemdecim  acris  terre  funt  terra  arabilis “  et  jacent  in  quadam  cultura  que  vocatur  JVyndmilneJlake  inter  terram  Tdonie  filie  mee  et tc  terram  Willielmi  de  Hornington,  et  totum  pratum  quod  pertinet  ad  prediiftam  culturamque “  vocatur  JVyndmilneJlake  ficut  jacet  in  longitudine  et  latitudine  fine  aliqua  diminutione. “  Preterea  dedi  et  conceffi  prediftis  abbati  et  conventui  totum  pratum  quod  pertinebat  ad “  culcuram  quam  Gage  tenet  et  vocatur  Tungedal  in  Brumberiker.  Preterea  dedi  et  con- “  cefli  iifdem  abbati  et  conventui  molendinum  ad  ventum  ,  quod  fitum  eft  in  predi&o «  territorio  de  Apilton  in  quadam  cultura  que  vocatur  Stubbe  cum  latitudine  quadra- «  ginta  pedum  undique  circa  prediftum  molendinum,  et  cum  libero  introitu  et  exitu “  ad  predidtum  molendinum.  Tenend.  et  habend.  omnia  predi<5ta  tenementa  cum  omnibus “  libertatibus  et  aifiamentis  infra  villam  et  extra  eifdem  tenementis  pertinentibus,  et  cum  li» “  bero  introitu  et  exitu  ad  omnia  lingula  loca  fupradi<5ta  predidtis  abbati  et  conventui  et  eo- “  rum  fuccefioribus  in  liberam  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  libere  quiete  integre  et  in “  perpetuum  abfque  omni  fervitio  feculari  exadtione  et  demanda.  Et  feiendum  eft  quod “  bene  licebit  predidtis  abbati  et  conventui  includere  et  imparcare  predidtas  duodecim  acras “  terre  que  funt  bofei  fecundum  quod  ipfis  et  eorum  fuccefioribus  melius  videbitur  expedire, “  fine  aliqua  contradidtione  mei  vel  heredum  meorum  vel  aliquo  aliorum  ex  parte  noftra. te  Et  ego  PbiHppus  et  heredes  mei  warrantizabimus,  defendemus  et  adquietabimus  omnia “  predidta  tenementa  cum  omnibus  pertinentiis  fuis  ficut  predidtum  eft  predidtis  abbati  et (z. )  Seal  on  white  wax  a  Fleur  Je  lys,  the  infeription  gone. “  conventui Chap.  IV.  Mary'j  Abbey  azYORK.  613 “  conventuiet  eorum  fuccefloribus  in  liberam  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  contra  om-^-  Mart'; “  nes  gentes  in  perpetuum.  Abbey. “  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  prefenti  fcripto  figillum  meum  appofui. 44  His  teftibus,  dominis  Johanne  de  Oketon ,  Johanne  de  Raygate  militibus,  Stephana  de “  Schupeton ,  Johanne  de  Merjlona ,  Ricardo  fil.  Willielmi  de  Colt  one,  Hugone  HI.  Williel *■ “  mi  de  Ac  after,  Wydone  de  Apilton ,  Nicbolao  de  Camera ,  Ricardo  de  Minting 4  et  aliis. Charta  Rogeri  decani  et  cap'll.  Lincoln. “  ✓"^vMnibus  fande  matris ecclefie  filiis  ad  quos  prefens  fcriptum  pervenerit  Rogerus  deca-Bil6‘  ^  *8* “  nus  et  capitulum  Lincoln,  ecclefie  eternam  in  Domino  Hilutem.  Noverit  univer-^JJT™^ ««  fitas  veftra  nos  de  afienfu  et  voluntate  domini  Willielmi  Lincolnienfts  epifcopi  ad  inftan-$  Marie  Mag. 44  tiam  etiam  et  petitionem  venerabilium  amicorum  noftrorum  domini  Roberti  abbatis  et  con -juxt*  Lincoln. “  ventus  monafterii  Handle  Marie  de  Ebon  concefiifie  eifdem  abbati  et  conventui  cemeterium “  habendum  apud  oratorium  fuum  Handle  Marie  Magdalene ,  juxta  civit.  Lincoln,  ex  parte 44  fcilicet  orientali  ejufdem  civitatis  ad  fepulturas  monachorum  fuorum  qui  de  prefato  mona- “  fterio  fuo  Handle  Marie  de  Ebor.  illuc  advenerint,  vel  qui  apud  prefatum  oratorium  in “  Hua  incolumitate  habitum  monachalem  HuHceperint,  five  ibi  exerceant  munera  monachorum “  five  non.  Predidli  vero  abbas  et  conventus  firmiter  nobis  permiHerunt  quod  alium  nemi- “  nem  ibidem  ad  Hepulturam  admittent  fine  afienfu  capit.  Lincolnie.  Et  ut  hoc  ratum  fit  et cc  Habile  et  ut  tarn  juri  epifcopali  quam  Lincoln,  ecclefie  indempnati  fimiliter  .... “  ecclefie  quietiac  tranquillitati  plenius  profpiciatur  Hepedidli  abbas  et  conventus  infuper  in “  verbo  veritatis  nobis  promilerunt,  ficut  in  literis  Huis  patentibus  continetur,  quod  contra “  hoc  nullo  futuris  temporibus  privilegio  vel  alio  beneficio  impetrato  vel  impetrando “  utentur,  quod  Hi  Hecus  adlum  fuerit  dominus  epifcop.  Lincoln,  qui  pro  tempore  fuerit  id  re- “  moto  appellationis  obftaclo  et  mediatione  qualibet  cefiante  adhibita  competenti  cohibitione “  juftitia  mediante  Haciet  obfervari.  Et  ut  hec  concefiio  perpetue  finnitatis  robur  optineat “  earn  prefentem  et  figilli  noftri  munimine  roboravimus. Charta  Johannis  de  Danby. £  Ciant  prefentes  et  futuri  quod  ego  Johannes  de  Danby  vicarius  ecclefie  de  Grimftone  ntiper  b  1 7.  N°.  z% ^  “  vicarius  ecclefie  de  Crewyks  dedi  concefii  et  hac  prefenti  carta  mea  confirmavi  reli-  Hornby. “  giofis  viris  abbati  et  conventui  monafterii  beate  Marie  Ebor.  unum  mefiuagium  et  duas  bo- “  vatas  terre  cum  pratis  pafturis  et  omnibus  aliis  pertjnentiis  in  Horneby  juxta  Smetbton  que *“  habui  ex  dono  et  feoffamento  Willielmi  filii  Rogeri  de  Horneby  in  villa  de  Horneby  Hupradidl. <l  Habend.  et  tenend.  omnes  predidas  terras  et  tenepentg.  cpm  omnibus  pertinentiis  Huis  liber- “  tatibus  et  aifiamentis  prefatis  abbati  et  conventui  et  eorum  Huccefioribus  in  liberam  puram “  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  in  perpetuum  libere  et  qui'etej  ab  omnibus  Hervitiis  Hecularibus “  exadionibus  et  demandis. “  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  huic  prefenti  carte  figillum  meum  appofui. “  Hi  is  teftibus,  Ricardo  de  Richmund,  Henrico  de  Bellerby,  Milone  de  Aldbury  de  Richmund, “  Rogero  de  Donyngton ,  Tboma  del  Hill  de  Smetbton ,  Willielmo  filio  Rogeri  de  Hornby, “  Lhoma  Coleman  de  Appilton ,  Willielmo  de  Middelton  et  aliis. “  Dat.  apud  Hornby  die  dom.  prox.  poft  feftum  anniintiationis  beate  Marie  virginis,  anno “  dom.  millefimo  trefcentefimo  lexagefimo  feptimo  (a ). Charta  Richardi  de  Eaft-Houkefwelle. ««  v  TOtum  fit  omnibus  videntibus  vel  audientibus  literas  has,  quod  ego  Ricardus  filiusB.  18.  N°.4? IN  “  Willielmi  de  Efthoukefwelle,  cum  concilio  et  afienfu  Conftantie  matris  mee,  et  he-  Eafthouklwcll «  rcdum  rneorum  dedi  et  concefii  et  hac  prefenti  karta  mea  confirmavi  Deo  et  abbatie  beate “  Marie  Ebor.  et  monachis  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus  et  prioratui  Hindi  Martini  juxta  Rich* “  mund  pro  falute  anime  mee  et  anteceflorum  rneorum  in  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam “  unum  thoftum  et  croftum  in  Efthoukefwelle ,  et  duas  acras  terre  de  dimidia  karukata  terre “  quam  habeo  in  dominio  in  territorio  ejufdem  ville  de  Efthoukefwell ,  fcil.  thoftum  et  croftum “  propinquiorem  me  que  tendit  verfus  Huntun  in  parte  aquilonali  ejufdem  et  unam  acram “  terre  et  dimidiam,  acram  duodecim  perkatis  fuper  Larchild  cum  prato  quod  pertinet  ad “  eandem  culturam,  et  dimidiam  acram  terre,  quatuor  pertikatas  terre  fuper  Kirkeby ,  etad “  duas  acras  terre  perficiendas  dedi  predide  abbatie  totam  partem  terre  mee  que  defcendic “  verfus  Weftlageland  verfus  aquilonem.  Hanc  terrain  dedi  prefate  abbatie  in  puram  et “  perpetuam  eleemofinam  pofiidendam  in  perpetuum  libere  et  quieteab  omni  terreno  fervi- (a)  Seal,  in  white  wax,  whereon  is  the  image  of  ther  kneeling  b:fore  h:r.  Th;  oferiptien  illegible* the  vifgin,  fitting  with  her  book  jn  her  lap,  and  ano- 6 14 Sr.  Ma&vV .Abbey. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  EookII. (C  tio  et  confuetudine  et  cxa&ione  feculari  ficut  eleemofinam  cum  omnibus  pertinentiis  et  om- “  nibus  aifiamentis  in  villa  et  extra  villam  abfque  omni  retenemento. “  Teftibus  hiis,  Roaldo  Conftabulario  Richmund ,  Nicolao  de  Gerreflun ,  Gileberto  de  Hun- “  tun,  Hamone  de  Stodbat,  Alano  de  Fol  ...»  Richar do  filio  Radulfi,  Alexandra “  de  Houkefwelle,  Ricardo  Staalwardi,  Laurentio  filio  ejus,  Bataivino  de  Houkefwelle,  Ri- “  car  do  fil.  Ricardi  et  aliis. Charta  Willielmi  Pore. B.  18.  N°.  13.“  y^vMnibus  Chrifli  fidelibus  ad  quos  prefens  fcriptum  pervenerit  Willielmus  filius  Ra~ Rednefs.  nulphi  Pore  de  Rednejfe  eternam  in  Domino  falutem.  Novcrit  univerfitas  veftra “  me  dedifie  conceflifie  et  hac  prefenti  carta  mea  confirmafie  religiofis  S.  abbati  et  conven- “  tui  fanfte  Marie  Ebor.  fex  acras  terre  cum  pertinentiis  in  territorio  dc  Rednejfe ,  quarum  tres “  acre  jacent  in  campo  orientali,  et  due  acre  in  Barfeld ,  et  una  acra  jacet  in  Utiderwude.  Ha- “  bend,  et  tenend.  predict.  abbati  et  conventui  et  eorum  fuccefioribus  in  liberam  puram  ec perpetuam  eleemofinam  in  perpetuum.  Et  ego  Willielmus  et  heredes  mei  warrantizabimus defendemus  et  adquietabimus  prediclas  fex  acras  terre  cum  pertinentiis  predict.  abbati  ec “  conventui  et  eorum  fuccefioribus  in  liberam  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemofynam  contra  om- “  nes  gentes  in  perpetuum. “  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  prefenti  fcripto  figillum  meum  appofui. tc  Hiis  teftibus,  domino  Johanne  de  Oketona  tunc  fenefchallo  abbatis,  dominis  Johanne  de “  Ufejlet  et  Simone  de  Lilling  militibus,  Ricardo  de  Camera,  Roberto  Bredale,  Stephano  de “  St  hup  ton,  IV alter 0  de  AJk,  Johanne  de  Breltevill,  Rogero  de  Wederhale  clerico,  et  aliis. Charta  Johannis  de  Burringham. B.  1  g.  N°,  49.  tc  Johannes  de  Burringham  de  Rednefs  conceftit  abbati  et  conventui  beate  Marie  Ebor.  unum Rednei"  J  “  toftum  et  croftum  in  Rednefs.  i  ' “  Teftibus  dominis  Gerardo  de.Ufeflete ,  Thoma  de  Metbam,  Willieimo  de  Rednejfe  militibus, “  Petro  de  1‘borneton-boufe,  Jobanne  de  Wynton,  Willieimo  de  Gator  eft,  et  aliis. “  Dat.  die.fabbati  prox.  pofl:  felt,  nativ.  beate  Marie  an.  Dorn,  millefimo  trecentefimo  qua- “  dragefimo  quarto. Charta  Willielmi  de  Grimefton. B.  iq.  N° .  2 2 . t c  /^vMnibus  hanc  cartam  vifuris  vel  aiHituris  IVillielmus  de  Grimefton  falutem.  Noverit Bradingham.  W  tc  unjy-erjitas  veftra  mp  dffiffi  piet^tis  intuitu  dedifie  et  conceftifte  et  hac  prefenti  car- «  ta  mea  confirmafie  Deo  et  eCclefie  beate  Marie  Ebor.  et  monachis  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus “  duas  acras  prati  et  unam  rodam  in  Bradeheingham  cum  omnibus  pertinentiis  ftiis.  Te- "  nend.  et  habend.  predi<5t.  eccle.fte  f  t  monachis  in  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  in  per- “  petuum,  libere,  quiete,  pacifice,  integre,  honorifice,  abfque  omni  feculari  fervitio  et ^  exaftione.  Et  ego  Willieltnus  et  heredes  mei  predifr.  duas  acras  et  predict,  rodam  prati prefatis  ecdefie  et  monachis -Warrantizabimus  defendemus  et  adquietabimus  contra  omnes “  gentes  in  perpetuum. “  In  cujus  rei  teftirilonium  huic  fcripto  figillum  meum  appofui. “  Hiis  teftibus  domino  Willieimo  Jde  Skegenejfe,  ■Ge’nhano  tunc  ferviente  de  Grimefton,  ma- “  giftro  Waltero  de  Kyrkeby ,  Johanne  fratre  ejus,  Willieimo  de  Exiling ,  Willieimo  Coco , “  Johanne  Lupe,  Ric.  de  Kamera ,  Johanne  Mort  clerico,  ec  aliis. /;  'Charta  Willielmi  de  Rednefle.  * B.  19.  N°.  29.cc  nibus  hoc  fcriptum  vifuris  vel  audimris  Willielmus  filius  Emme  de  Rednefs,  falutem. Rednefs.  U  cc  Novpritis  me  dedilte  coricefiiffe  et  hac  prefehti  carta ;mea  confirmafie  Simoni  abbati .  tc  ecclefie  beat c  Jifdrie  Ebor.  et  eo’dem  loci  donventui  unam  plaeeattVte-fPe  in  campo  de  Red¬ dy  nefs  vocat.  les  J^/^jjacentem  in  latitiidine  inter  terr'am  WaltVn A'ungeY  ex  parte  orientali  ec ,.tc  terram  .  Y  .  ari  le  Forayft  irt  occidehtili,  bEirrlongitildihea  regia  via  ufquead  Mid- c‘  defandyies ,  cum'fuo  molendino  ad  Ventum.  Hab'end.  et  teriertd.  e-ifdem  abbati  et  con- •  ventui  et  eorum  fuccefioribus  univerfis  turn  omnibus  modis  pertinentiis  fuis  tarn  in  fit u moten.ftini  quam  in  omnibus' aliis  appropfiamentis  fuis  fine  aliq’uo  retenemento  in  liberam c‘  puram’ et  perpetuam  eleemofinam'  in  perpetuum.  Et  ego  Willielmu's  et  heredes  mei  vel alTignati.  warrantizabimus,  &c.  Et  ut  hec  mea' donatio  firma  et  ftabilis  perVh2neat  huic fcripto TigiTluiVi  rii'eum  appofui.  '  ‘  .  •  •  .  • “  Hiis  teftibus  domino  Chrift.  de  Hiiby,  Willieimo  de  Rednejfe  militibus,  Aime  de  Rednejfe , “  Waltero  .  Y  . '  .  Rogero  deXJfdftett,  Chrifto.  de  Bdltiolo  in  ■Rednejfe,  Waltero'  G a- •  “  ter  eft,  Petro  Pic  cat  ore  de. . Ricardo  filio  Rad:'  drS’Z'lirrftete,  et  aliis. '  Charta Chap.  IV.  of  St.  Mary**  Abbey  at  YORK.  ^15 Sf.,  Mary* Charta  Reginald!  Corvayfer.  •  Abbey. “  f")Mnibus  hanc  cartam  vifuris  vel  audituris  Reginaldus  Corvafer  et  Matilda  uxor  ejusB.  19.  1^.42. “  falutem.  Noveritis  nos  dedifle  concefilffe  et  prefenti  carta  noftra  confirmafle  DeoNewbiSg'"g- “  et  ecclefie  fancfte  Marie  Ebor.  et  monachis  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus  totam  terram  noftram “  quam  habuimus  in  Neubingings ,  tenendam  et  habendam  in  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemo- “  finam  in  perpetuum  libere  integre  et  quiete  cum  omnibus  libertatibus  et  aifiamentis  et “  cum  omnibus  pertinentiis  infra  villam  et  extra  et  in  omnibus  locis,  abfque  aliquo  rctene- “  mento.  Et  totam  preditt.  terram  cum  pertinentiis  didle  ecclefie  et  diclis  monachis  ir, 44  liberam  puram  ct  perpetuam  eleemofinam  contra  omnes .  gentes  warrantizabimus  defen- ‘‘  demus  et  adquietabimus  in  perpetuum. “  Hiis  teflibus,  Roberto  de  Skegenejfe  tunc  fenefchallo  abbatie  beate  Marie  Ebor.  Johanne 44  de  Warlhillo ,  Retro  de  Barneby ,  Nicbolao  Orger ,  haurentio  Buchar ,  tVillielmo  de  Lil- 44  ling ,  Elia  Blur,  Roberto  de  Thornethon ,  Galfrulo  de  Crace ,  Ga'frido  de  Aula ,  Ri- “  car  do  de  Porta ,  Willielmo  de  Sartrina. Charta  Philippi  de  Faukenberg,  mil. “  /'"NMnibus  Chrifti  fidelibus  hoc  feriptum  vifuris  vel  audituris  Phillippus  de  Faukenberg  b.  19.  n°  4S “  miles  eternam  in  Domino  falutem.  Noverit  univerfitas  veflfra  me  dedifle  con-Apilton. 44  ceflifle  et  prefenti  carta  mea  confirmafle  Symoni  abbati  et  conventui  fanfte  Marie  Ebor. “  quatuor  acras  bofei  cum  folio  in  Apilton,  qui  quidem  bofeus  eft  in  iVeftwo d1,  inter “  bolcum  maim  et  bofeum  predidtorum  abbatis  et  conventus,  et  abut  tat  in  occidentali  ca- “  P^e  fuper  bofeum  de  Coltona ,  et  exteildit  fe  in  longitodine  verfus  orientem  ufque  ad “  exitum  quo  itur  apud  Coupemanthorp.  Tenendum  et  habendum  predidt.  bofeum  cum “  folio  et  cum  libero  introitu  et  exitu  per  communem  ftratam  qua  itur  de  Apilton  ufque “  ad  Coupemanthorp ,  predidt.  abbati  et  conventui  et  eorura  fuccefforibus  in  liberam  puram “  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  in  perpetuum.  Et  feiendum  eft  quod  bene  licebit  predidt. “  abbati  et  conventui  includere  imparcare  ct  uppruare  predidt.  bofeum  cum  folio  prout  me- “  lius  fibi  et  fuccefforibus  fuis  viderint  expedire.  Et  ego  Philippus,  &c. “Hiis  teftibus,  Domino  Johanne  de  Oketdna  tunc  vicecom.  Ebor.  Dorm-' Johanne  de 44  Raygcite,  Hugone  de  Ac  after,  Johanne  de  Merftona,  Nicbolao  de  Camera  de  P  apilton, 44  Fhoma  de  eadem  clerico,  Ricardo  de  Coltona,  Henrico  de  Cave  de  Apilton ,  Wydorn  de “  Apilton  et  aliis. Charta  Roberti  de  Skegencfs,  mil. Eadem  cum  charta  B.  4.  N.  7.  nt  prius,  nifi  quod  ubu  corpus  meum  legavi  fepeliendum  B.  19.  N°,66. Omittitur.  n  Apilton. Charta  Rogeri  de  Mulbrai. 44  T  TNiverfls  ecc^ie  Rogerus  de  Mulbrai  falutem.  Quoniam  tarn  per  me  quam  B.  19:  N°.7r. “  per  nieos  multa  dampna  multotiens  abbatie  Eboracenji  illata  fuerunt  in  recom-  Myton*  &c- 14  penfationem  et  fatjsfadtionem  eorum  firmam  et  perpetuam  pacem  futuris  tern pori  bus  a 44  me  et  heredibtis  meis  et  omnibus  qui  ad  me  pertinent  predidte  ecclefie  conpefli  et  pre- “  fenti  cartula  donfirmavi  •,  videlicet  ut  ipfa  ecclefia  deinceps  libera  et  quieta  fit  ab  omni “  exadtione  mei  et  meorum  tarn  de  operibus  caftrorum  quam  de  tenfariis  qui  violenter  et “  injufte  a  caftrenfibus  erigi  folent.  Concefli  etiam- prefate  ecclefie  ut  habeant  apud  Mi- “  tonam  villam  fuam  molendinum  et  ftagnum  et  pifeariam.  fuum  ficut  unquam  .melius  pre- “  teritis  temporibus  habuerunt.  Quoniam  veto  pontem  ejufdem  villc  deftruxi  ad  propri- “  um  tranfitum  fuum  et  fuorura,  et  omnium,  falva  pace  et  indempnitate  caftra'  mea  tran- 44  fire  volentium,  et  ad  deferenda  five  referenda  quecunque:  eis  neceffaria  funt,  havem  eis “  concefli  donee  eis  pontem  fuum  quern  in  tempore  patris  mei  et  meo  habuerunt  reparare* 44  Jicuerit.  Contentionem  quoque  illam  que  diu  habita  fuit*  inter  Beninh&g  et  duas  villas 44  eorum  Overtonam ,  fell  iced,,  et  Shipetonam  deterra  interjac^nte  in  bofeo  et  piano  per  ju- “  ramentum  duodecim  legitimorum  virOrum  quos  abbas  pfedrete  ecclefie  fuppofuit,  pre- “  fente  Aiiguftino  priore  de  Novo-Burgo,  et’.  hominibus  Willielmi  de  Arclres  ad  cujus  feudum “  prediifta  villa  de  Beningburg  pert'inet,  IVyctone;  fcilicet^  Be  IViyelcftkorp,  Alberibb  de  Me r- Jlona,  Fu leone  de  Hamer tona,  qui  ex  precepto  ipeo' ad  diem  ftatutum  iiiterfuerunt,  prorfus “  pacificando  removi,  ita,  videlicet,  ut  terram  fillaVn  ab  omni  calumpnia  deiheeps  quietani “  et  liberam  futuris  temporibus  poflideant.  Terram  zt\im  &Q'Ufafteth  in  prato  et  in  terra n  ' (t>)  This  very  .curious  and  particular 1  grant-  is  ^rijjje'd  how  indorreftly  taken  from  •he  regilfer  may  be  judged in  the  additional  volume  to 'the  Mon.ift.  n.  xtpvt'v  'hut  this  copy  from  the  original. “  culta 6 1 6 St.  Mary’/ Abbey. ?.  rg.  N°. Stainburn. B-  19.  N°.  77 B.  20.  N°.  4-. Bootham. ?>.  20.  N°.  37 Rcdnefs. 7 he  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. tc  culta  quam  Normannus  et  Willielmus  filii  Mazelme  ob  patrocinium  et  tuicionem  mcam “  mihi  dederanr,  preface  ecclefie  libere  et  quiete  reddidi.  Hanc  conventionem  et  pacem  in- “  violabiliter  tenendam  propria  manu  affidavi,  et  Robertus  de  Daivilla  et  Hugo  Mala  Bifid “  fimiliter  affidaverunt. Charta  Johannis  de  Wytegift. ;• “  QCiant  omnes  tarn  prefentes  quam  futuri  quod  ego  Johannes  filius  Ade  de  Wytegift  dedi ^  “  concefll  reddidi  et  hoc  prefenti  fcripto  meo  confirmavi  religiofis  viris  dominis  meis “  Johanni  de  Gillings  abbati  monafterii  beate  Marie  Ebor.  et  ejufdem  loci  conventui  quin- que  tofta  et  quatuor  bovatas  terre  cum  omnibus  fuis  pertinentiis  in  villa  de  Staynburn  que funt  de  feodo  di<ft.  abbatis  et  conventus  dominorum  meorum  fine  ullo  retenemento  michi “  et  heredibus  meis.  Habend.  et  tenend.  eifdem  abbati  et  conventui  et  fuccefforibus  fuis “  in  perpetuum  libere  quiete  bene  et  integre  cum  communi  paftura  et  cum  omnibus  liber- “  tatibus  et  aifiamentis  ad  predidla  tofta  et  quatuor  bovatas  terre  infra  villam  de  Stayneburn “  et  extra  qualitercumque  pertinentibus  ab  omni  fervitio  feculari  exaftione  etdemanda  michi “  et  heredibus  meis  pertinence.  Et  ego  vero  Johannes  filius  Ade  et  heredes  mei  predidh “  quinque  tofta  et  quatuor  bovatas  terre  inlra  villam  de  Stayneburn  cum  omnibus  fuisper- “  tinent.  ut  predict,  eft  predidt.  dom.  meis  abbati  et  conventui  et  fuccefToribus  fuis  contra “  omnes  gentes  warrantizabimus,  &c. «  In  cujus  rei  teft.  &c. “  Hiis  teftibus,  dominis  Gilberto  de  Colewen ,  Johanne  de  Haveryngton ,  Ricardo  de  Clet “  militibus,  Roberto  de  Bampton ,  Johanne  de  Egles field,  Roberto  de  Harr  ays ,  Waltero “  de  Filmland ,  l'homa  de  .  .  ouchir  et  aliis. Charta  Philippi  de  Faukenberg.  mil. Literatim  cum  charta  B.  19.  N.  48.  et  teftibus  iifdem. Charta  Willielmi  de  Pontefradlo. “  /^Mnibus  fandle  matris  ecclefie  filiis  ad  quos  prefens  fcriptum  pervenerit  Willielmus  de yj  “  Pontefratto  falutem  in  Domino.  Sciatis  me  conceflilfe  dediffe  et  hac  prefenti  carta “  mea  confirmafte  Deo  et  ecclefie  beate  Marie  Ebor.  et  monachis  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus “  pro  falute  anime  mee  et  omnium  anteceflorum  meorum  unum  toftum  cum  pertinentiis “  in  Buthum ,  illud  fcilicet  quod  jacet  inter  toftum  quod  fuit  Samfon.  Speciar  et  toftum “  quod  fuit  Reginald i  de  Clifton.  Tenend.  et  habend.  in  puram  liberam  et  perpetuam eleemofinam  reddendo  inde  annuatim  Roberto  de  Mufters  et  heredibus  fuis  tantum  fexdecim “  denarios,  pro  omni  fervitio  et  exattione,  ad  duos  terminos,  ofto  denarios  ad  Pentecofien% “  et  06I0  den.  ad  feftum  fandli  Martini  in  hyeme.  Et  ego  Willielmus  de  Pontefratto  et  he- “  redes  mei  prediift.  toftum  cum  pertinentiis  predift.  ecclefie  et  monachis  ibidem  Deo  fer- “  vientibus  in  puram  liberam  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  warrantizabimus  in  perpetuum “  contra  omnes  gentes. “  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  figillum  meum  huic  fcripto  appofui. “  Hiis  teftibus,  Roberto  de  Skegenejfe  tunc  temporis  fenefchallo  abbatie,  Waltero  de  Kar- “  leoly  Johanne  de  Roto  magiftro,  Roberto  Lupe,  Willielmo  de  Lilling ,  Rogero  Coco,  Ri- “  car  do  de  Camera ,  Johanne  le  Barn ,  Johanne  deSeleby  clerico,  et  aliis. Charta  Willielmi  de  Rednefs. .  “  /'"'vMnibus  Chrifti  fidelibus  hoc  fcriptum  vifuris  vel  audituris  Willielmus  filius  Radnulfi “  de  Radeneffe  eternam  in  Dom.  falut.  Noverit  univerfitas  veftra  me  dediffe  con- “  ceffiffe  et  hac  prefenti  carta  mea  confirmaffe  Simoni  abbati  monafterii  S.  Marie  Ebor.  ec “  ejufdem  loci  conventui  et  eorum  fuccefforibus  univerfis  duas  felliones  in  territorio  dcRede- “  nefs  continentis  in  fe  tres  acras  terre,  quarum  una  jacet  in  Langfeld  inter  terram  Roberti “  filii  Met.  de  Redeneffe  ex  una  parte,  et  terram  quam  Adam  de  Maynil  tenet  de  predi<5to “  abbate  ex  altera,  cum  tota  latitudine  et  longitudine  ficut  fe  extendit  inter  foffata  ;  et “  altera  jacet  in  Morefeld  inter  terram  Johannis  de  Bayleul  ex  una  parte,  et  terram  Pagani “  de  Witegift  ex  altera,  cum  tota  latitudine  et  longitudine  pertendente  de . ver- “  fus  auftrum  ufque  ad  foffatam  ex .  Tenend.  et  habend.  &c.  Et  ego  Williel - “  mus  et  heredes  mei  diiflas  felliones  cum  pertinentiis,  &c. “  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium,  &c. “  Hiis  teftibus,  Ricardo  de  Multon  tunc  fenefchallo  domini  abbatis  S  .Marie  Ebor.  Wil- “  liclmo  filio  Willielmi  de  Redenes ,  Radulfo  fratre  ejufdem,  Waltero  filio  Galfridi  de  ea- “  dem,  Ricardo  le  Cerf,  Petro  procurators,  James  de  Saudoy ,  Angero  ec  Ricardo  fratri- “  bus  et  aliij, Charta &17 Chap. IV.  »f  St.  Mm’i  Abbey  at  YORK, St.  Ma  ry'j Chatta  Radulfi  de  Oveortomuttum.  Abbey. “  QMnihus  Chrifti  fidelibus  hanc  cartam  vifuris  vel  audituris  Rddulfus  films  Beatricisi.it.  N°  56 .  de  Oveortomuttum  eternam  m  dom.  fal.  Noveritis  me  dediffe  et  prefenti  carta  s“h°rP- Oonfirmafie  Deo  et  abbatie  fanfle  Marie  Ebor.  et  monachis  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus  unam ‘  cum  Pertlnentns  in  Sutborp ,  illam  videlicet  quam  tenui  de  Reginaldo  filio mu, cbm  le  Patnuet  de  Sutborp.  Habendam  et  tenendam  libere  et  quiete  de  me  et  here* “  dlbus  ,mns  ln,  PerP”uum’  ,ab  omn,  Ktreno  fervitio,  excepto  quod  ipfi  monachi  reddent annuatim  predicto  Reginaldo  et  heredibus  fuis  triginta  denarios  .  .  .  .  et  heredibus  meis “  'J}  PerPet“um>  medietatem  ad  fed.  S.  Martini  in  hyeme  et  aliam  med.  ad  Pentccolten. “  tigo  vero  &c.  J “In  cujus  &c. “  ^us  ^ftlbus’  iAro  Simone  de  Catelkarroc  tunc  parfona  de  Hornheje,  Baldwim prefbitero,  Galfndo  de  Cruce,  Thurftano  clerico  comitis  Albemarlie,  Roberto  de  Ft - Roberto  de  Fentona ,  Jurdeno  Scolo ,  et  aliis. Chart  a  Adam  de  ^efevaus* “  Sefrtam  concellit  Deo  et  fantte .  Marie  Ebor.  et  Roberto  abbati  et  conventui  B  I0  N„  8S “  obliterat  fdCm  dimid*  carucatam  terre  m  Sefc™aus,  Carta  cum  nominibus  teft.  pene  SelTay. Charta  Johannis  de  Erghutrti “  SCr  °TfS  tam  prefentes  <luam  bl,turi  quod  =go  Johannes  filius  Niebolai  de  Erghum  B  at  N-  61 pro  falute  anime  mee  et  omnium  parentum  meorum  conceffi  et  dedi  et  hac  Erglium. prcftnti  carta  confirmavi  Deo  et  ecclelie  fantte  Marie  Ebor.  et  monachis  ibidem  Deo fervientibus  totam  illam  culturam  meant  que  jacet  in  territorio  de  Ergbum  inter  remi “  “rlum  ct  a<luam  que  ™catur  Thefe,  cum  foffato  et  illam  culturam  proximo  iacente  fri “  beet  quatuor  acras  et  dimid.  de  terra  arabili  et  unam  rodam  ter/e  fiiper  Humbeloukc berg  que  jacet  inter  culturam  quondam  domini  Rogeri  filii  Ricardi  et  terram  Radulfi  de Sm>lh,“ond.  et  duj,s AT  pratl  ine  C3mP°  de  ErShum  in  Hal“  propinquiores  prato  Simo- ms  film  Simoms  de  Chdhngtm  verfus  auftrum.  Habendas  et  poffidendas  cum  omnibus  ai- fia, mentis  et  pertinentus  ad  eandem  terram  infra  villam  et  extra  pertinentibus  in  puram “  Jiberam  et  perpetuam  elemofinam.  ^ “  ™s  te‘bibus’  Roberto  Arundell,  Willielmo  de  Lilting,  Thoma  fil.  Lamberli,  noma  cle- “  rico  de  mfirmario,  Gilberlo  focio  fuo  et  multis  aliis. Charta  Galfridi  de  Harpham. “  0M."lbUS  haS  literasA^ri|  Tel  aud’tuHs  Galfridus  filius  Ricardi  *  Harpham  falutem  n  „ ^  Scans  me  vend, d,Jfe  Roberto  abbat.  S.  Marie  Ebor.  et  monachis  ejlTfdem  loci  pro  hAw33' “  c£ria  pecutna  fua  quam  m.chi  dederunt  unam  bovatam  terre  cum  pertinentiis  in  terrfro -  P no  de  Harpham .  fcilicet  illam  bovatam  terre  quam  tenui  de  Jobanne  de  Harpham  nuc “jacet  inter  terras  meas  et  terras  Willelmi  filii  Gilberti,  er  tres  rodas  terre  ad  eandem  ho “  vatam  terre  pertinentes  in  eodem  territorio  loco  tofti,  fcilicet  unam  rodam  que  jacet  ad caput  de  Bydayl  verfus  boream,  et  unam  rodam  que  jacet  ad  Aceremilne  verfus  orientem „  A/aT  rmam  T  JaT  “j  Outtlanges  inter  terram  meam  et  terram  ditti  WilUelmi  fil’ Gdbcrii.  Tenend.  et  habend.  &c.  Reddendo  inde  annuatim  ditto  G.  et  heredibus  fuis “  tantum  fexdecem  denarios  pro  omni  fervitio  et  exattione,  &c. “  H,as .,t,cfllbUA  Robe.rto.  de  Shgwfi  tunc  temporis  fenefcallo  S.  Marie  Ebor  Willielmo  de I!  UlU^}  *hma  Ntcbolao  de  Burton,  Rogero  Coco,  Roberto  de  Karleton,  Ri- cat  do  de  Camera ,  jobanns  de  Seleby  clerico  et  aliis, Charta  Matildis  Nuvel. “  Mf!!dj!  ciu°nda™  uxor  7°hM™  Nuwl  .eon“ffit  domino  abbati  et  conventui  S  Marie  B  21  N°  c8 “  Ebor.  duas  bovatas  terre  cum  pertinentus  et  tres  acras  terre  et  .  rodas  BeAgLg in  Bemngburg  et  totam  partem  cap, talis  meffuagii  et  totam  partem  redditus  lib^rorum “  |’e°r™num  qul  tcnebant  de  dlft-  J°hame  Nuvel  m  eadem  villa  &c.  Charta  ilia  pene  oblb “  ldlAAft,ibuS;  ^^oRob  de  Skegenefi  tunc  fenefchallo  abbatie,  Willielmo  de  Wyrton mihelmo  de  Ltlhng,  Galfr, do  de  Cruce,  Wallero  de  Afo,  Roberto  de  Fenton,  Nicholao de  Camera,  Nicholao  et  Rogero  Chajfator.  cum  aliis. 7  S 4 Charta 6 1 8 St.  Mary’/ Abbey. B.  22.  N°.  28. Lofthoufe. B.  22.  N°.  58. Hippfwell. B.  23.  N°.  6. Ecclefia  de Snaith. B.  23.  N°.  ii- Bramham. B.  23.  N°.  29. Apelton  Mag. 5 The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. Chart  a  Willielmi  de  Lofthufes. C  ^Mnibus  Chrifti  fidelibus  ad  quos  prefens  fcriptum  pervenerit,  IVillielmus  Hlius  Radulfi vJ  “  de  Lofthufes  falutem  in  Domino.  Noverit  univerfitas  veftra  me  pro  falute  ani- t  mc  mee  et  omnium  antecefibrum  meorum  dediffe  conceffiffe  et  hac  prefenti  carta  mea «  confirmaffe  Deo  et  ecclefie  St.  Marie  Ebor.  et  monachis  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus  in  libe- c  ram  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  tres  acras  terre  et  unam  rodam  cum  pertinentiis •  et  unum  toftum  &c. “  Hiis  teftibus,  domino  Roberto  de  Skegenefi  tunc  fenefchallo  abbati z,  miielmo  de  Lil- “  liiir  Johame  Puero,  Roberto  Supe,  Johanne  de  Overton,  Henrico  de  Eoubcbujfes,  Ro- “  gero  deHenhale ,  Henrico  de  Gauketborp ,  Jordano  de  Lofthufes,  et  multis  alus. Charta  Gaufridi  de  Colebrun. .  y  7  Niverfis  S.  matris  ecclefie  filiis  Gciufridus  Alias  Habraeham  de  Colebrun  falutem. U  -  Sciatis  me  dediffe  conceffiffe  et  hac  prefenti  carta  mea  confirmaffe  Deo  et  abba- ‘  tie  St.  Marie  Ebor.  et  monachis  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus  et  pnoratui  S.  Marlin,  juxta ‘  Richmundiam  pro  falute  anime  mee  et  antecefibrum  meorum  in  puram  et  perpetuam  elee- ‘  mofinam  unam  cultural!)  terre  que  vocatur  Norflalt  m  terntono  de  Hippefwell,  que  fe •  extendit  fuper  terram  monachorum  de  S.  Martino  verfus  ocodentem,  fclicet  illam  cultu- ‘  ram  que  fuit  quondam  AJlini  de  Hippefwell.  Et  infuper  dedi  predate  monachis  unam ••  acram  terre  in  cultura  ilia  que  vocatur  Scbefacer  verfus  aquilonem,  que  fe  extendit  fuper c  terram  que  fuit  quondam  Roberti  Fornecorn ,  quam  acram  dedi  eis  in  excambium  pro ‘  quadam  acra  quam  Alanus  frater  ejus  aliquando  de  illis  tenuit  in  terntono  de  Colebrun. ‘  Ego  vero  Gaufridus ,  &c. ««  Hiis  teftibus,  Roaldo  conftabulario  Ricbmundie,  Philippo  Wajobannis de  Colebrun,  Gau- “fridoie  Huddefwell,  Petro  capellano  de  Richmundia,  Radulfo  capellano  de  Huddef- ■  .  well ,  Roberto  capellano  de  fandto  Nicbolao,  WiUielm  tintere  de  Ruhmundm ,  Gau- “  frido  diacono  de  fandto  Martino  et  multis  aliis. Charta  T.  Ebor.  arcbiep. ‘  T'  Dei  gratia  Eboracenfts  archiepifcopus  IHillielmo  decano  et  capitulo  S.  Petri  Ebo- I  •  “  ran  et  ceteris  fidelibus  ecclefie  falutem  et  benediftionem.  Scire  volo  fraterm- ‘  tatem  veftram  me  conceffiffe,  et,  prefentis  cartule  teftimomo,  confirmaffe  conventionem ‘  inter  monachos  fanfte  Marie  Eboraci  abbatie,  et  monachos  fan*  German 1  de  Saleh,. it '■  ecclefia  quam  Eboracenfes  monachi  fecerunt  infra  parochiam  de  Snaith,  et  cemeterio  lbi- 1  dem  fadto,  cum  ceteris  conceffis  ficut  in  carta  utriufque  abbatie  continetur.  Salva  con- |  fuetudine  mea,  fcilicet,  duobus  folidis  dandis  per  annum  ab  Eboracenfibus  pro  fupra- ■  difta  ecclefia  et  cemeterio.  Vos  quoque  ut  hujus  rei  teftes  in  perpetuum  fitis  exoro. •  Vale. Charta  Roberti  Gernum. OMnibus  hanc  cartam  vifuris  vel  audituris  Hugo  filius  Roberti  Gernum.  de  Bramham  fa- “■  lutem  in  Domino.  Sciatis  me  dediffe  conceffiffe  et  hac  prefenti  carta  mea  con- ‘  firmaffe  Deo  et  ecclefie  S.  Marie  Eboraci  et  monachis  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus  tres  acras ‘  terre  cum  pertinentiis  in  Bramham ,  fcilicet,  duas  acras  et  unam  rodam  cum  pertinentiis ‘  in  cultura  que  vocatur  Rodes,  et  tres  rodas  cum  pertinentiis  que  jacent  inter  terras  dic- 4  torum  monachorum  juxta  Savevillemille  et  fe  extendunt  verfus  orientem.  Habend.  et 1  tenend.  &c.  Et  ego  Hugo  et  heredes  mei  &c. “  In  cujus  rei  teft.  &c. “  Hiis  teftibus,  domino  Roberto  de  Skegenefs,  Ehoma  de  Eboraco,  Hugme  &lm  Henrici, “  Roberto  de  Langtbwayt,  IVillielmo  filio  Alexandra  Ricardo  de  Camera,  mlltelrno  Cento, “  Nicbolao  de  A  her  ton,  'Johanne  Malet  clerico  et  aliis. Charta  Ricardi  Soudan. ‘  /'~\Mnibus  Chrifti  fidelibus  ad  quos  prefens  fcriptum  pervenerit  Richardus  films  Ri- V  }  <C  eardi  Soudan  falut.  Sciatis  me  dediffe  et  hac  prefenti  carta  mea  confirmaffe  Deo «  et  ecclefie  S.  Marie  Ebor.  et  prioratui  S.  Martini  juxta  Rtcbemurtd  et  monachis  ibidem ‘  Deo  fervientibus  in  liberal!)  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  duo  tolta  et  crotta  ec (J)  This  T.  was  Ttnfa  archbifliop.  willUm  it  before  i burden  ref.gned  and  died.  This  is  alfo  a  very .  Barbara  was  dean  of  Tork  anno  1138,  a  year  or  two  curious  antient  charter  and  very  perfect. “  tres Chap.  IV.  of  St.  Mari's  Abbey  at  YORK. 6 19 “  tres  acras  terre  et  dimidiam  perticatam  cum  pertinentiis  in  territories  de  Magna  Apel-st.  Mary'j “  tma.  Scilicet  unurn  toftum  et  croftum  de  dimidia  acra  quod  Henricus  Halleman  aliquan-AsBEY- “  do  tenuit,  et  quod  jacet  juxta  toftum  Rogeri  filii  Ricardi  verfus  orientem,  et  unum  tof- “  turn  et  croftum  quod  jacet  inter  toftum  meum  et  toftum  Robert's  filii  Galfridi  de  Hake- “  fori,  et  duas  rodas  terre  et  dimid.  fuper  Fornlandes  que  jacent  juxta  terrain  Thome  filii “  Hermeri  verfus  occidentem,  et  unam  rodam  terre  et  dimid.  fuper  Gnatbou  juxta  terrain “  abbatis  de  Gervaus,  et  duas  acras  terre  et  dimid.  perticatam  Hallebodine  verfus  orientem. “  Habend.  et  tenend.  &c. “  Hi  is  teftibus,  Thoma  de  Laceles,  Alano  de  Hartfortd,  Retro  de  Crachale,  Alano  fratre “  ejus,  Michaele  de  Hakefortd ,  Roberto  filio  ejus,  milielmo  Lungbefpee,  Thoma  filiu “  Hermeri ,  Alano  filio  JVillielmi  et  aliis. Cbarta  Aftini  de  Pickering. “  CAMnibus  hanc  cartam  vifuris  vel  audituris  AJtimts  de  Pykeryng  falut.  in  Domino.  B.  23.  N°.  38. Noveritis  me  pro  falute  anime  mee  Etnmc  uxoris  mee  et  omnium  parentum'’ezevauXl “  meorum  concefiilfe  dediffe  et  hac  prefenti  carta  mea  confirmafle  Deo  et  ecclefie  handle “  Marie  Eb.or ■  et  monachis  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus  dimidiam  carucatam  terre  in  Sezewaus “  curn  pertinentiis  quant  habui  de  Henrico  filio  Radulfi  de  Sezewaus ,  et  duas  bovatas  terre “  in  Scamejlon  cum  pertinentiis  quas  habui  de  Laurentio  de  Scamejlon,  et  annualem  redditum “  undecim  folidorum  de  fex  bovatis  terre  in  Kyrkeby-ravenefwal  quas  Alanus  clericus  filius “  Alam  tVdhelmus  filius  Rogeri  tenent  ibidem  de  feodo  S.  Marie  Ebor.  Tenendum  et “  habendum  ditflis  ecclefie  et  monachis  in  perpetuum  &c.  Ita  fcilicet  quod  terra  de  Sezewaus “  cedat  in  ufus  monachorum  ad  fpecies  emendas  in  perpetuum.  Et  redditus  terre  de “  Scamejlon  fit  ad—  meum  faciendum  in  perpetuum.  Et  redditus  de  Kyrkebyravenefwat  cel- “  ,al;10  affignetur.  Et  ego  AJtinus ,  &c.  Et  ut  hec  mea  conceffio  et  donatio  perpetue  fir- “  mitatis  robur  obtineat  prefenti  feripto  figillum  meum  appofui. “  Hiis  teftibus,  Roberto  de  Skegenefs  tunc  fenefchallo  abbatis,  magifi  Johann e  de  Hamerton , “  Roberto  de  Saatn,  Rogero  Pepin,  IValtero  de  Gaugy,  milielmo  de  Lilling,  Ricardo  de “  Camera,  Nicholao  Portario,  Rogero  Coco,  Johanne  Puero,  et  multis  aliis. Cbarta  Roberti  de  Scales. /~\Mnibus  hoc  feriptum  vifuris  vel  audituris  Robertas  de  Scales  et  Alicia  uxor  ejus  falu-  B.  23-  N°.  44. “  tem  in  Domino.  Ad  univerfitatis  veftre  notitiam  volumus  pervenire  nos  diviniHafclinStad' “  amoris  intuitu  et  pro  animabus  noftris  et  antecefforum  noftrorum  dedifle  conceffiffe  et “  hac  prefenti  carta  noftra  confirmafie  milielmo  abbati  et  conventui  S.  Marie  Eboracen.  in jiberam  puram  et  perpetuana  elemofinam  fine  aliquo  retenemento  et  exatftione  feculari tres  acras  terre  cum  pertinentibus  in  Hafelingfeld ,  icilicet  duas  acras  que  jacent  juxta  ter- “  ram  Rogeri  de  Meleford  et  abuttant  fuper  Shutmeoduc,  et  unam  acram  in  Develand  juxta “terrain  prionlTe  de  Stratford.  Ita  quod  ft  aliquo  tempore  per  nos  vel  heredes  noftros “  dlfte  acre  fuerint  revocate  vel  eafdem  revocare  nifi  fuerimus,  licebit  diflis  abbati  et “conventui  fubtrahere  nobis  et  heredibus  noftris  celebrationem  divinorum  in  oratorio  ma- “  neni  noftri  de  Hafelingfeld  nobis  ab  eifdem  conceffam  fine  aliquo  impedimento  a  nobis  vel “  heredibus  noftris  preftando.  Et  hoc  pro  nobis  et  heredibus  noftris  taftis  facrofanftis “  evangelns  juravimus,  renuntiando  pro  nobis  et  heredibus  noftris  privilemo  fori  civilis  et “  fpeciahter  brevi  regie  prohibitionis  de  laico  tenemento. “  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  prefenti  feripto  figillum  noftrum  appofui. Cbarta  Johannis  le  Grant. Et  in  hujus  rei  teftimon,  huic  prefenti  feripto  figillum  meum  appofui. um-B.  24.  N°.i8. de  Mara,  Galfrido  de  Sanfto  Andoeno  et  multis  aliis. Cbarta Sr.  Mary’s Adbey. B.  zj.N'.zj. York. /^HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. Cbarta  Walteri  Aurifabris. ‘  /'"vMnibus  fanfte  matris  ecclefie  filiis  Wallerus  Aurifaber  de  Eboraco  falutem.  Noveric *  44  univerfitas  veftra  me  confenfu  uxoris  mee  caritatis  intuitu  dedifle  et  hac  prefenti c  carta  mea  confirmafie  Deo  et  ecclefie  beate  Marie  Ebor.  et  monachis  ibidem  Deo  lervien- c  tibus,  ad  fuftentationem  fratrum  infirmorum  ejufdem  domus,  terram  quandam  in  Eboraco 4  juxta  cemeterium  fanfte  Trinit  atis  in  Gathurumgate ,  illam  fcilicet  terram  quam  emi  de 4  Everardo  deMarJlon  et  redditum  fex  denariorum  in  eadem  villa  de  terra  in  3fptng<fl?t  quam 4  Eudo  carnifex  tenet.  Habend.  et  tenend.  eifdem  monachis  et  fuccefibribus  fuis  in  liberam 4  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam.  Et,  ut  hec  mea  donatio  perpetue  firmitatis  robur  ob- 4  tineat,  earn  figilli  mei  munimine  roboravi. 44  Eliis  teftibus,  Roberto  de  Mubray ,  Philippo  filio  Johannis ,  Rogero  de  Mnbray  clerico, 44  Tboma  dc  IVilton ,  Roberto  Ebor.  Radulfo  Nuvel! ,  magiftro  Job  de  Hamer  ton,  Sanfone 44  clerico  et  multis  aliis. Indent ura  inter  Simon,  abb.  et  Johannem  Bowes. 4  /^|Mnibus  fan£te  matris  ecclefie  filiis  prefens  fcriptum  infpedturis  Fr.  Simon  Dei  gratia “  abbas  monafterii  beate  Marie  Ebor.  et  ejufdem  loci  conventus  fal.  in  Domino. 1  Noveritis  nos  remififle  pro  nobis  et  fuccefioribus  noftris  Jobanni  de  Bowes  prefbytero  et E  affignatis  fuis  in  perpetuum  tres  folidos  annuos  quos  Pape  folvebamus  de  terra  fua  jacente •  ex  oppofito  orientalis  gabuli  eccle.  S.  Trinitatis  in  Gutherumgate  ad  infirmitorium  noftrum ‘  per  annum  pro  tribus  folidis  annuis  quos  emit  per  confilium  nod.  in  feodo  noftro  in  vil- 1  la  de  Munketon  de  terra  et  tenemento  Philippi  filii  Robert's  filii  Willielmi  de  Munketon  et 1  quos  ad  predict,  infirmarium  noftrum  in  perpetuum  aflignavit  loco  predict,  trium  folid. 1  annuorum.  Ita  quod  nec  nos  nec  fucceflores  noftri  aliquod  jus  vel  clamium  in  prefata 1  terra  de  Gutherumgate  de  cetero  exigere  poterimus  aut  aliquar  •  us  vendicare. 44  In  cujus  rei  teft.  uni  parti  prefentis  fcripti  cyrographaci  f  lam  capituli  noftri  ap- 44  poluimus,  altera  parte  penes  nos  refidente  ligillo  pretau  Johannis  fignata. 44  Dat.  Ebor.  menfe  Februarii  anno  Dom.  m  cc  lx. Cbarta  Richardi  Soudan. «•  T  TNiverfis  fandte  matris  ecclef.  filiis,  Ricardus  filius  Henrici  Soudan  de  Apellona  fal. B.  24.  N°.  5-3.  \^J  tc  Sciatis  me  cum  confilio  et  afienfu  heredum  meorum  dedufle  et  conceflifie  et  hac ppc  tom  ag.  tc  prefentj  carta  mea  confirmafie  Deo  et  abbatie  fan<5te  Marie  Ebor.  et  monachis  ibidem “  Deo  fervientibus  et  prioratui  S.  Martini  juxta  Richmtindiam  pro  falute  anime  mee  et  an- “  tecefl*  meorum  in  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  totam  terram  meam  quam  habui  fu- “  per  Laytric  in  territorio  majoris  Appeltone ,  que  jacet  inter  terram  IV'xlliehni  Lungefpei  de “  Appeltona  et  terram  que  fuit  Hugonis  de  Scottona ,  cum  communi  paftura  ejufdem  ville  et “  cum  omnibus  aliis  aifiamentis  ad  eandem  terram  pertinentibus  infra  villam  et  extra.  Ego “  vero  Ricardus  &c. “  Hiis  teftibus,  Philippo  filio  Johannis  de  Colebrun ,  Gaufrido  filio  Habranke  de  Colebrun , tc  Nicholao  de  Gerthejlona ,  Ricardo  de  Laibrun ,  Thoma  de  llerneby ,  Iielia  de  Dunnay, “  Willielmo  Lungefpei ,  Toma  filio  Roberti ,  Richardo  de  Holteby ,  Nicolao  de  Knetona , “  Ala  no  filio  Willielmi  de  Apeltona ,  et  multis  aliis. Cbarta  Roberti  de  Parlyngton. B.  34.  N°.  80.  «c  ^YMnibus  fancfte  matris  eccl.  filiis  ad  quos  prefens  fcriptum  pervenerit,  Robertus  filius Get  lord.  V/  “  Ade  de  Parlyngton  manens  in  Wejl-Gerford  fal.  in  Dom.  lempiternam.  Noveritis “  me  dedifife  conceflifie  et  hac  prefenti  carta  mea  confirmafie  Simoni  abbati  et  conventui 41  monaft.  beate  Marie  Ebor.  quatuor  acras  terre  jacentes  in  campo  de  Gerford  per  divifas 44  fubfcriptas,  fcilicet,  unam  acram  que  abuttat  1'uper  regiam  viam  de  ^lottcl^ngcffrtfe, 44  et  jacet  inter  terram  Roberti  filii  Cuftantie  ex  parte  boreali  et  terram  Ade  filii  Johannis 44  ex  parte  meridionali.  Et  unam  acram  jacentem  fuper  le  toftes  verfus  domum  Matildis 44  de  Prcfion.  Et  tres  rodas  terre  jacentes  ad  le  Colepittes  inter  terram  Roberti  filii  Cufiancie 44  ex  parte  occidentali  et  terram  Ade  filii  Ade  de  Morehufes  ex  parte  orientali.  Et  unam 44  rodam  jacentem  fub  prato  Aide  inter  terram  predictorum  Roberti  et  Ade.  Et  tres  rodas 44  jacentes  in  cultura  que  abuttat  fuper  le  Fryth  inter  terram  Roberti  et  Ade  predict.  Et 44  unam  rodam  jacentem  fuper  le  Horethorne  inter  terram  Martini  ex  parte  occidentali  et “  terram  Ade  filii  Ade  de  Morehufes  fepedi<ft.  Tenend.  et  habend.  &c. 44  Eliis  teft.  Ilugone  de  Swyllyngton  milite,  Simone  de  Rape  clerico,  Roberto  filio  Cufiancie, 44  Rtuiidfo  de  Aula  de  Gerford ,  Adam  dc  Morehufes  clerico,  Ricardo  fil.  Jordani  et  aliis. Cbarta Chap.  IV. of  St.  Mary’.s  Abbey  YORK, 6i  i Charta  Walteri  de  Smythton. St.  Mart  ‘t Abbe r . “  (~)Mmbus  hanc  Cartam  vifuris  vel  audituris  Wa Items  parfona  da  Smythton  fai.  in  Dom.B.  as.  1C.  «, “  Noverms  me  pro  dilute  anime  mce  et  omnium  pa'rehtum  meorum  conccififfe SmltllIon' “  dedifle  et  liac  prefenti  catta  rrtea  confirmaffe  Deo  et  eccl.  S.  Mark  Ebor.  et  monachis “  lbldem  Dco  fervientibus  duas  bovatas  terre  cum  pertinentiis  in  tcrritorio  de  Sm-thtor “  unam,  videlicet,  quam  emi  de  Galfrido  filio  Rarnlfi  de  Smythton ,  et  aliam  quam “  de  Turfiino  de  Apclton.  Habend.  ct  tenend.  dift.  ecclefie  et  monachis  in  liberam  puram “  eC  PcrpetLiam  eleemofinam  &c.  Et  ut  hec  mea  donatio  perpctue  firmicatis  robur  obtinc- lt  at  earn  ligilli  me  lmpreffione  roboravi. “  'eft;  ^oieS°  *  tJunc  fenefchallo  abbatis,  magif  Johanne  de  Hamerton , Roberto  de  dab  am,  IV illielmo  de  Lelingc^  WilUelmo  clerico  de  Smytbeton  Henrico  filio “  SjT"  ,He?ric0  'lerico  de  H°™bt  Gikel  del  Ml,  Gilbert l  filio  Symoiw, '■  rv altcro  nlio  G aljndi^  Luca  de  Horneby  et  aliis. Charta  Thome  de  Burg. “  T  TNiverfis  fan&e  matris  ecc.  filiis  ’Thomas  filius  Thome  de  Burg,  falutem.  Sclatis  me _  .  “pro  falute  anime  mee  et  omnium  antecefforum  meorum  conceffilTc  et  hac  ure  «' °5.' “  fenti  carta  mea  confirmaffe  in  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  Dco  et  abbatie  s'  Marie  **  *' “£fcr  et  monachis  . ibidem  Deo  lervientibus  et  prioratui  S.  Martini  juxta  Riehmundiam duas  bovatas  terre  in  Magna  Apeltona,  cum  omnibus  pertinentiis  finis  infra  villam  et  ev¬ il  Ir*  at  J  J  -  retencment0’  lllasi  fcilicet,  duas  bovatas  terre  quas  Regents  filius  Acaris  de Tunjtal  dedit  pernotatis  monachis  m  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  in  predifta  villa de  Apeltona,  ficuti  carta  ipflus  liogeri  teftatur.  Et  ego  Thomas  &c “  Tellibus  hi  is  t  Roaldo  '  conftabulario,  Philippa  filio  Jobannis  de  Colcbrun ,  Gaufrido  filio „  f.abreah.amJ  derj  Jd'n°l?°  de ,  GerlW<"“*t  Nicolao  de  Stapeltona ,  Gaufrido  filio G,a"lnd!.  deJTtdefweUe  Wilhelmo  clerico  de  Richmundia,  Alano  de  Magnebi ,  Thoma '  de  Liiiebt.  Ricardo  Soudan  de  Appelton,  Hugona  de  Magnebi,  Ricardo  de  Danebi  Hen. “  nco  de  Hollbi  et  multis  aliis. Charta  Gilberti  de  Hothwayt* “  "I  rTT  ta'c  prfntcs  quam  fut“ri  qU0d  eS°  Giliems  ^barH  de  Hotbwayts  a-  N° O  et  Cbnfttana  (ponfa  mea  cum  confilio  am.corum  noftrorum  dedimus,  conceff.mus  Hothwayt?  ’ quietum  clamavimus  et  hec  prefenti  carta  noftra  confirmavimus  Deo  et  beate  Marie Ebor.  et  S.  Sega  m  Coupland  et  monachis  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus  lotam  terram  meam  in campo  de  Hothwayt  cum  omnibus  pertinentiis  fuis  fine  aliquo  retenemento,  per  has  di- vifas  fcilicet  per  domum  quod  fuit  Ade  fil.  Halkyl,  et  cum  thofto  et  crofto  in  quo  con tmetur  urn,  acra  terre  ct  dimid.  que  jacet  ex  parte  auftrali  fpine,  et  quatuor  acre “  bend  e&c‘m‘d'  J3CCnteS  JUXta  Krram  Hemid  ^  HolhwV‘ f>atris  ">ei.  Tenend.  et  ha- “  “f  te'fi^s’  d°mi"°  Shards,  de  Clet,  domino  Johamta  de  Langplogh,  domino  Elya :■  rjs& %2£?^i£r* Charta  Roberti  de  Canteburg. “  gCiant  prefentes  et  futuri  quod  ego  Robertas  de  Canteburg  et  Alicia  uxor  mea  dedimus  „  „  a f  conceff.mus  et  hac  prefenti  carta  noftra  confirmamus  Simoni  abbati  beate  ilCeA  ft  4 Ebor.  et  ejufdem  loci  coven, ui,  ad  fpecies  eorundem  augmentandas,  dimidiam  bovmm terre  cum  tota  parte  mum  toftorum  ,n  villa  et  territorio  de  Auddeftan  nos  contingent jure  hereditario  per  mortem  He, met  de  Elton  fratris  predifte  Alicia  uxoris  mee.  Habend “  et  tenend.  dido  Simoni  abbati  &c.  ucnQ. “  r  iiis  teftibus  domino  Willielm  de  Sanaa  Suintino,  Radulfo  de  Gartona  Thoma  de II  * . ^lard,  Simone  de  Erebus  it  Z2/a‘n Charta  Henrici  de  Sezevaus. “  0MaMUS  hanC  CartamrVifuris  vel  al,dituris  Hanricus  filius  Radulfi  de  Sezevaus  fal.R-„  N.  r «  r  n*ir  Nove^ltls.me  Pro  falute  anime  mee  ec  omnium  parentum  meorum  dedifie  con-  Seievau-  ‘  5*‘ “  ibidem  enPrer"nt’  °T  "|ea  •a°nfirmaffe  Dc0  et  ecclefie  beate  Maria  Ebor.  et  moaachis ibidem  Deo  fervientibus  dimidiam  carucatam  terre  cum  toftis  et  croftis  et  omnibus  aliis 7  ^  “  perti- 4 oil $'t.  Mary';  1 Abbey.  i B.  i,.  N*. 60. Appleton. The  History  and  antiquities  bookIi. 1  frertinentiis  in  Sezevatts  (d),  fcilicet,  illam  quam  de  eis  tenui  et  quam  Amabilis  avia  mea ‘  aliquando  tenuit.  Habend.  et  tenend.  &c. “  Hiis  teftibus,  Roberto  de  Skegenefs  tunc  fenefchallo  abbatie  beate  Marie  Ebor.  magiftris “  Euftacbio  de  Rime,  Ricardo  de  Kirkeby,  TVillielmo  filio  Hugonis  de  Grimejlon,  Jobanne “  de  Kirkeby,  Willielmo  de  Rejlorp  clerico,  Galfrido  de  Cruce,  Ricardo  de  Camera,  Jobamme “  filio  Turgis,  Stephana  Haget  et  multis  aliis. hdentura  inter  Abbatem  et  Bom.  Phil,  de  Fauconberg. ANno  Dom.  millefimo  ducentefimo  quinquagelimo  feptimo  in  craftino  S,  Barnabe  ita “  convenit  inter  dominum  Tbomam  abbatem  S.  Marie  Ebor.  et  ejufdem  loci  conven- tum  ex  una  parte,  et  dominum  Pbilippum  de  Faucunlerg  ex  altera,  videlicet  quod  difti abbas  et  conventus  concelferunt  et  quietum  clamaverunt  difto  Philippo  et  heredibus  fuis vel  fuis  affignatis  totum  jus  et  clamium  quod  habuerunt  vel  habere  potuerunt  in  ftagno fuo  de  Appelton,  ficut  fe  extendit  in  longitudine  et  latitudine  de  veteri  molendino  ufque ad  toftum  Durandi  cum  omnibus  foffatis  prediftum  ftagnum  concurrentibus,  et  folfa- tam  ab  angulo  gardini  ufque  ad  viarn  que  eft  ad  Wandhang,  extra  parcum  predifti  Phi¬ lippi  in  longitudine,  ita  fcilicet  quod  bene  licebit  difto  Philippo  et  heredibus  fuis  vel  fuis aftignatis  totum  predictum  ftagnum  et  d ifta  toftata  exaltare,  levare,  appruare  quocun- qU  ° modo  volueric  fine  aliqua  contradiftione  diftorum  abbatis  et  conventus.  Pro  hac autem  conceftione  et  quietum  clamatione  dedit  diftus  Philippas  dictis  abbati  et  conventui et  eorum  fucceiforibus  in  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  feptem  acras  terre  in  Appel- tom  in  Nortgajberch,  illas  fcilicet  feptem  acras  terre  que  jacerit  inter  terram  Ade  le  Cerf et  terram  Waited  de  Faucunberg  filii  dicti  Philippi.  Tenendas  et  habendas  dictis  abbati et  conventui  et  eorum  fucceiforibus  cum  libero  introitu  et  cum  omnibus  aliis  aifiamen- tis  diftis  feptem  acris  terre  pertinentibus.  Conceflit  idem  Philippas  pro  fe  et  heredibus fuis  dictis  abbati  et  conventui  et  eorum  fucceiforibus,  et  eorum  hominibus  in  Apeltona una  cum  hoipinibus  difti  Philippi  unum  chiminum  ultra  diftum  ftagnum  fuum  ufque  ad ‘  terram  arabiiem  de  latitudine  quadraginta  pedum  fine  aliqua  contradiftione  difti  Philippi <  et  heredum  fuorum  vel  ejus  alfignatorum,  falvo  curlu  aque  ad  molendinum.  Ft  fi  ita continent  quod  animalia  diftorum  abbatis  et  conventus  vel  hominum  luorum  intrent prediftum  ftagnum  pro  defeftu  fepis  vel  folfati  benigne  et  fine  dampno  vel  peccamento predifti  Philippi  et  heredum  fuorum  vel  ejus  alfignatorum  amoveantur.  Prcdiftus  vero philippus  et  heredes  fui  diftas  feptem  acras  terre  cum  pertinentiis  diftis  abbati  et  con¬ ventui  et  eorum  fucceiforibus  contra  omnes  gentes  in  perpetuum  warrantizabunt,  defen- dent  et  adquietabunt. “  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  prefenti  feripto  in  modum  chirographi  confefto  partes  hinc  inde “  ligilla  fua  appofuerunt. “  Hiis  teftibus,  domino  Johamie  de  Oketon  tunc  fenefchallo  fanfte  Marie  Ebor.  Johanne “  de  Marflon,  Hugone  de  Acafler,  Gilberto  Tail  de  EJkeric ,  Wyot  de  Apeltona ,  Rogero  fo- <  reftario  de  Apeltona,  Bent  ditto  de  Hewirtb  et  aliis. Charta  indenturae  inter  Abbatem  et  Will.  Roundel. IN  nomine  Patris  et  Filii  et  Spiritus  Sanfti,  Amen.  Carca  dudum  inter  religiofos  vi- 1  ros  abbatem  et  conventum  S.  Marie  Ebor.  ex  parte  una,  et  Williclmum  Roundel  vica- “  rium  ecclcfie  de  Gaynesford  ex  altera,  fuper  taxationem  et  moderationem . ejuf- “  dem  ecclcfie  anno  bone  memorie  IV.  quondam  Dunelm.  epifeopi  immoderate  et  contra “  juftitiam  ac  fedis  ....  privilegium  .  .  .  .  ut  iidem  religiofi  dicebant  coram  nobis  ma¬ il  gjftro  R.  de  Uorleburne  R.  Dei  gratia  Dunelm.  epif.  officio . commilfario  .... 11  nenotio  memorato  materie  queftionis  ex  parte  diftorum  religioforum  fuit  propofitum ,1  c0°am . autoritate  apoftolica  ufque  ad  fummam  quadraginta  marcarum  an- .1  nuarum"  turn  modo  fuifle  taxatam  et  .  ...  bone  memorie  W.  quondam  Dunelm.  epifeopi “  ufque  ad  fummam  quatuor  viginti  marcarum  annuarum  et  amplius  videbit  taxatam. .1  Tandem  mediantibus  nobis  et  mngiftro  Rogero  de  Layeejlre  clerico  et  aliis  amicis  commu- ii  nibus  in  forma  amicabili  inferius  contenta  acquiefcunt,  videlicet  quod  idem  vicarius pro n  fe  ct  fucceiforibus  fuis  nomine  difte  vicarie  conceflit  et  in  minibus  difti  abbatis  de  r.o- “  ftris  applicatione  et  confenfu  pure  et  abfolute  refignavit  omnes  decimas  garbarum  de  Su- ii  nurhufts  et  unum  toftum  et  croftum  cum  tota  terra  et  praco  que  habuit  et  tenuit  idem ii  vicarius  in  villa  de  Queringtbn  et  omnes  decimas  feni  de  tribus  villis  in  difta  parochia ti  percipiendas,  videlicet  de  Sthieriftgton,  Ledcvyc  et  WeJlvjyt,  ac  manftim  fibi  alfigna  um “  in  villi  de  Cajlro  Bernardi.  Ita  quod  decime  predifte,  terra  et  pratum,  manfus  ac  om- (J)  t  take  this  to  be  the  town  now  corruptly  called  decern  vallibui ,  in  old  French  Sextvaut. Thixehitcde,  on  the  li'ohb,  for  Sixtttidale  ,  in  Lntin  Sex- nia 6 Chap.  IV. of  Sc.  Mary’s  Abbey  at  YORK. ma  alia  fupradicla  remaneant  et  accrefcant  exeant  religiofis  fupradiflis  ratione  difle  eccle  st  Mak ‘  1,c  lu=  dc  Gaynesfird  quam  in  ulus  proprios  obtinent  in  perperuum.  Difli  vero “  nomine  monaftern  fut  voluerunt  et  concefterunt  eidem  vicario  et  fuccefforibus  fuis  aui “  Pro  temP°re  fuerint  omnes  et  fingulas  alias  minutas  decimas,  obladones  et  obventiones “  cum  _  otnibus  fins  apud  Gaynesford  et  terra  de  Staynton,  in  quarum  poiTeffione  vd  qui  idem “  V!carmrs  temP°re  hujus  compoficionis  exiftebat.  Ita  tamen  quod  diftus  vicarius  et  uni- ‘  ™dt  ^cce®>res  lui  omnia  onera  epifcopalia  et  archidiaconalia  tarn  matris  ecclefie  de ‘  G aynesford  quam  omnium  capellarum  fuarum  fuftiiiebunt,  una  cum  capellanis  et  clericis “  uneis  “  °nenbus  librorum,  veftimentorum,  reparationis  cancellorum,  et  aliorum  omni- urn  ornamentorum  in  dufta  ecciefia  et  iuis  capellis  Nos  autem  diflam  compofitio- ‘  nem  Puram  “  sratam  •  •.  ■.  'Plam  auftontate  nobis  in  hac  parte  commiffa  confirmamus et  prekntis  icnpti  patrocimo . Omnem  alteram  ordinationem  et  taxationem auflontate  difh  domim  IV.  lupradifto  vicario  fadtam  caffamus,  eruamus  et  viribus  ci “  rere  determinamus. 11  ‘"penfam^1  teftimonium  Pre(™tibus  litteris  chyrographicis  figillum  noftrum  eft  ap- “  A\»pud  Fhmelm.  xn.  kal.  Julii  anno  Dom.  Mcex.  in  prefentia  fubfcriptorum  ma- „  «  lr°w ?  u°blrn  ie  Sa,,aa  Aiatha  tunc  archldiac°ni  thmilm.  Royeri  de  Seym Kami  If  de  Huckelby  procuratons  de  officio  prefad  archidiac.  Ricardi  de  Malteby  IV tunc  lqholarum  magilln,  Ricardi  tunc  vicarii  de  Midetham,  Gilberts  de  Rokeby  To', “banms  de  Thorp,  et  aliorum. Ebor  abbatia  beale  Marine  ibidem  fro  bofco  ipformn  de  Overton  includend.  el  parcum  bide feiCl.  per  melas  et  bundas.  Pm.  ,S  llic.  II.  f.  i.  24.  Confirm,  anno  22  Hen  VI p.  2.  m.  3.  Turre  Lond. “  REX  om"lbus  ad  qpos  lidufem.  Infpeximus  cartam  dom.  Jobamis  quondam  re- ,  ,  ‘  g'\A«fie progemtons  noil,  fadtam  in  hec  verba.  Johannes  Dei  gratia  rex  An - “£.ie,  dom ..  Hyberme,  dux  Normatmie  et  Aipuitan.  comes  Andeg.  archiep.  epif  abbat  comit “  baron'  luftl-  vicecom.  prepofit.  et  omnibus  ballivis  et  fidelibus  fuis  per  An?  conftituds “  ialuKm-  Sclatls  nos  Pro  ralu«  “ime  nod.  et  predeceffi  noil.  dediffe  licentiam  abbati “  et  conventui  S.  Marie  Ebor. .  mcludendi  bofeum  fuum  dc  ^Dtjcirton  et’faciendi  in  liberum “  parcum  ficut  antique  divife  jacent  inter  predifl.  bofeum  et  villain  de  Bcmnljura  et  ficnr “  a!,tltlue  dlvlle  jacent  inter  villam  de  OTpetun  et  villam  de  ©bcrtoit  ec  ficut  divife  an “  tique  jacent  inter  fecljcltim  et  £DbcttDll  ufque  ad  ripam  de  die.  Quare  volutnus  et  fir- “  ™lter  ptecipimus  quod  idem  abbas  et  conventus  et  eorum  lucceffores  habeant  et  teneanr “  m  perpetuum  predifl.  parcum  fuum  infra  claufum  illud  fecundum  divifas  prenotatas  bene et  .  re  .**  ■9“iet'  *“?  bofc.°  tam  VInd»  quam  ficcoet  cum  beftiis  et  cum  omnibus  aliis pertincntiis  iuis  ad  faciend.  inde  commodum  fuum  ec  voluntatem. “  Tcfl'-  b,is>  dom-  U ■  Caul.  archiepifeopo,  Galfrid.  filio  Petri ,  Willidmo  Mured  Ro “  Hvdme  de  Ncv'11'  2‘trode  Stok,  WMielmo  de  Cantelou ,  Roberto  de “  Dat:  Per.  manum  dom-  D ■  Cicejiren.  elefli  apud  JVmton  xiii  April,  anno  re>mi  auintn Nosautem  Clrtam  Predldl-  « omnia  et  fingula  in  eadem  carta  contentarata  habemus “  et  grata  ea  pro  nob  ethered.  nod  quantum  in  nob.  eft  acceptamus  approbanius et  dilccl.  nob.  in  Chrifto  nunc  abbati  et  conventui  loci  predifl.  et  eorum  fuccef- “  [°ft  t S  tCn°rC  Prefentlum  concedimus  et  confirmamus  ficut  carta  predifl.  rationab “In  cujus,  &c. “  Tefte  regeapud  Glouceftre  xxii  die  Aug. “per  dimid.  niarcefolut.  in  Hamppio . ( e )  Br™  tempdre  vac.  aUath  "vionajlern  hate  Mariae  Ebor. “  R  1 C  A R,D  Ur,  Du  8.ratil  re?  Alli]iae,  et  Franciae  et  dominus  Hiberniae  maiori  civita^ “■  ns  iuae  hbor.  et  efehaetori  noftro  in  eadem  civitate  ialutem.  Cum  per  certam  ma- “nucaptionem  pro  oftoginta  libris  quas  dilefti  nobis  in  Chrifto  prioi  et  conventus ‘L  abbiae  beatae  Marie  Ebor.  nobis  folvend.  concefferimus  eis  cuftodiam  abbiae  praediflae “  per  mortem  bonae  memoriae  Thomae  Stajngreve  ultimi  abbatis  loci  illius  vacantis  et  in “  manu  nollra  exiftentis  habend.  cum  omnibus  ad  abbiam  praediflam  fpeflantibus  quae “  ad  nos  pertmere  poffent,  ficut  ea  in  manu  nollra  recinerentur  a  tempore  mortis  praedifti Thomae  ufque  ad  finern  duorum  menfium  proxime  fequentium  plenarie  completorum,  ita quod  nullus  efehaetor  aut  alius  ballivus  feu  minifter  npfter  vel  haeredum  noftrorum  fe e  cu  todia  praedifta  vel  de  aliquibus  ad  abbiam  prediflam  fpeflantibus  durantibus  duo- (e)  Ex  regrjl.  antique  chirms  in  cam.  fair.-.  pCis;.  Ufse  f.  y  I . “  bus 6*4 St.  Mary’; Abbey. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  Book  II. “  ^us  nienfibus  praediffis  intromittat,  nec  ipfos  priorem  etconventum  fupcr  hoc  aiiqualiter tc  impediat;  quominus  ipfi  per  fe  et  ininiftros  fuos  per  predidos  duos  menfes  habeant  plc- “  nan]  et  liberam  adminiftrationem  omnium  poffeflionum  proventuum  et  reddituum  ad “  abbiam  illam  fi  per  tantum  tempus  vacaveric  fpedantium,  necnon  omnium  cxituum “  proventuum  et  proficuorum  inde  provenientium  flilvis  nobis  et  haeredibus  noftris  feodis “  m di turn  advocationibus  ecclefiarum  'Wardis  Marilagiis  et  releviis  ad  abbiam  praedidam l<  pertincntibus  quae  tempore  praefentis  vacationis  accedere  contigerit  •,  etfi  contino-at  vaca- “  tionem  abbiae  praedidae  ultra  didos  duos  menl'es  perdurare,  tunc  praedidi  prior"  et  con- “  ventu#s  habeant  cuftodiam  abbiae  praedidae  cum  omnibus  ad  earn  pertinentibus  in  forma “  praedida  durante  ulterius  vacatione  ejufdem,  et  pro  quolibet  menfe  quo  vacatio  ilia  du- “  raverit  u,tra  didos  duos  menfes,  folvant  nobis  quadraginta  libras,  et  fi  vacatio  ilia  ultra “  dl<^?s.  duos  menfes  per  minus  tempus  duraverit  quam  per  menfem  tunc  pro  rata  tempo- “  ris  llllus  didis  quadraginta  libris  minus  nobis  folvant  prout  in  literis  noftris  patentibus “  ,nde  confedis  plenius  continetur  vobis  praecipimus.  Quod  ipfos  priorem  et  conventum “  cuftodiam  abbiae  praedidae  cum  omnibus  ad  abbiam  illam  fpedantibus  in  balliva  veftra “  unacum  exitibus  unde  a  tempore  mortis  praedidi  Thomae  perceptis  habere  permittatis “  juxta  tenorem  literarum  noftrarum  predidarum  vos  inde  ratione  praefentis  vacationis  contra “  tenorem  earundem  literarum  in  aliquo  nullatenus  intromittentes,  volumus  enim  vos  in- “  de  a  temP°re  praedido,  erga  nos  exonerari  feodis  advocationibus  wardis  marita^is  et “  releviis  praedidis  nobis  et  heredibus  noftris  ut  praemittitur  femper  falvis. 1  efte  meipfo  apud  Salop,  vicefimo  nono  die  Januarii ,  anno  regni  noftri  vicefimo  primo. (f)  names  of  all  the  ' Towns  and  Villages  tn  her  majejly  s  liberty  and  court  of records  of  the  late  difolved  monajlery  of  St.  Mary’j  near  the  walls  of  the city  of  York,  holden  before  Thomas  Adams  efq-,  Jleward  of  the  J'aid  court y by  virtue  of  feveral  charters  from  the  kings  of  this  realm ,  and  confirmed  by fever  a  l  aSls  of  parliament ;  digefied  under  th^  feveral  wcapentacks  and  hun¬ dreds  in  the  county  of  Yorkj N  B.  If  there  be  but  one  houfe  in  a  village  or  town,  the  chief  bailiff  by  the  proccfs  of the  court  can  juftify  the  arrefting  or  diftraining  in  the  highway  or  common  thereunto  be¬ longing,  by  the  cuftom  of  the  court,  and  the  queen’s  royal  prerogative  being  lady  para¬ mount;  and  note,  the  towns  marked  with  the  letter  [r.]  the  records  remain  in  the  abbey and  the  towns  marked  with  the  letter  [f.]  pay  a  fee  farm  rent,  belonging  to  the  abbey; and  the  towns  marked  with  [Mon.]  are  taken  out  of  the  Monajlicum  Anglicanum ,  being allowed  as  an  authority  fince  the  late  wars,  that  the  round  tower  in  which  the  records  were lodged  of  all  the  monafteries  of  this  fide  \ Trent  was  burnt. Agbrigg  and  Mo r ley  in the  Weft-riding. Allertonshi  re  in  the North-riding. Winton ,  r. Ainsty  in  the  Weft -riding. Apelton-nun  cumCoulton ,  r.  f. Acafter  and  Acafter  Selby ,  r.  f. A  combe,  r. AJkam  Bryan ,  Mon.  f. Billon,  r.  f. Bilbrough ,  r.  f. Heffay,  r.  f. Knapton ,  r.  f. Moor- m u nekton,  r.  f. Marfton ,  Mo. Nun-munckton ,  Mon.  f. Popple  tons  am  bo,  r.  f. Redhoufes ,  Mon. Rn forth,  Mon. Walton,  Mon. Barkston  Ash  in  the  Weft¬ riding. Brambam  and  Bramham  - moor ,  r. Birdforth  in  the  North¬ riding: Birdforth ,  r. Crxwonld,  r.  f. (/)  From  a  paper  print Cefa,  r.  f. Coulby ,  Mon. Ofgodby ,  Mon. Sefay,  r.  f. Sower  by,  r. ! Thurjk ,  f. Tapham ,  Mon. Buck  rose  in  the  Et ft -ri¬ ding. Burdfall ,  r.  f. Bur  dull,  r . Bug  thorp,  Mon.  r.  f. Barthorp ,  Mon. Eddie  thorp ,  Mon. Firmer ,  r.  f. Friday! horpe ,  r.  f. Grimfton  cum  membris,  r.  f. Grimfton ,  North-riding. Hunckleby,  r.  f. How oul d,  r. Kirby-under-dale,  r.  f. Kennythorp ,  r. Langton,  Mon.  f. Painthorp ,  r.  f. Rai [thorp,  Mon.  f. Skirtenbeck,  r.  f. Skirringham,  Mon. Scampfton,  r. Sutton  near  Malt  on,  r. d  xi  York,  by  order  of  the  fleward  < Thixtondale,  r.  f. Wintringham ,  r. Wellam ,  Mon. Bulmer  in  the  North -  riding. Aim,  r. Boot  ham  cum  Mary -gate,  r.  f. Bcnnibrough,  r. Buttercrambe,  r.  f. Barton  in  the  Willows,  r.  f. Bofwell,  Mon.  f. Clifton,  r.  f. Claxton ,  r. Cromb,  r. Dalby ,  r.  f. Eaft tilling,  Mon.  f. Fofton,  r. Flaxton,  r.  f. Flouivitb,  r.  f. Foreft  of  Gallrefs,  r. Gate-helmfty ,  Mon. Gowtborpe ,  Mon.  f. Huntington  to  Munch  bridge on  both  fides  of  the  way, r.  f. Hutton-Jheriff,  r.  f. Hart  on,  Mon. Helmfly-gate ,  r. Heworth  and  Heworth-moor , r.  f. Sr.  Mary's,  anno  1703.' Hutton Chap.  IV.  of  St. Hutton  upon  Derwent,  Mon. Lylling  Eaft ,  Mon.  f. My  ton,  r.  f. Munckbridge ,  r. Marlon,  r. Moor  between  Tholthorpe  and Myton,  r. i Newton  upon  Oufe,  r. Newparke,  Mon.) Overton,  r.  f.J Owzegatte  Sutton,  Mon.  f. Roclive,  r.  f. Roynes  in  Galt  refs,  Mon. Sutton  in  Galtrefs,  r.  f. Sterejby,  r.  f. Scackelden ,  Mon. Shipton ,  r.  f. Stitnam ,  r. Skelton,  Mon.  f. Sheriff -Hutton,  r.  f. Terrington  alias  Torrington  , Mon. Thornton  hilling,  r. York  manor  and  Queen's  pa¬ lace,  Horfe-fair,  Goofe-lane , Gilly  gate ,  Munck-bridge , and  Grange-houfe. Claro  in  the  Weft-riding . Aldbrough,  Mon. Burrow-bridge ,  r.  f. Branton-green ,  .Mon.  f. Dunsford  ambo. Denton-hall , Ellingthorp,  r. Grafton,  r. Minjiipp. Rowcliffi. Stocalia. Staineburne ,  r. Dickering  in  the  Eaft- riding. Arpam  alias  Harpham  cum Quinton,  r.  f. Butterwick ,  r. Bridlingham  alias  Burling¬ ton.  r. Burton  north,  r.  f. Brunton ,  r. Burton  Agnes,  Mon.  f. Bempton ,  r.  f. Foxholds,  r.  f. Fofton,  Mon. Garton,  r.  f. Rufton,  r.  f. Rudfton,  r.  f. Wilier  by,  Mon. Euecrosse  in  the  Weft-ri- ding. Clapham,  r.  f. GiLLiNG-EASTin  tht  North¬ riding. Appelton,  r.  f. Boulton  upon  Swale,  r. Brugh,  r.  f. Barton,  r.  f. Croft,  r.  f. Couton-long,  Mon.  f. Danby-parva ,  r.  f. Mary  's  Abbey  at Dalton  upon  Teafe,  r.  f. Danby  upon  Wifk,  Mon.  f. Ergam  nigh  Teafe,  r. Ellerton  juxta  Swale,  r.  f. Erehohn ,  Mon.  f. Gerreford ,  r. Garford,  r.  f. Gainford,  r.  f. Knee  ton,  r. Kirby-Wi/k,  r.  f. Middleton-Tys ,  r.  f. Moultons  ambo,  r.  f. Morton  cum  Fingall,  Mon. Redmire ,  Mon. Smeaton,  r.  f. S carton,  Mon. Stapleton,  Mon. Stainehow,  Mon.  f. Sedbury,  Mon.  f. Uckerby,  r.  f. Gillingwest  in  the  North¬ riding. Appleton ,  r.  f. Afk,  Mon. Afkgrig,  Mon. Barforth,  r.  f. Brignal,  r.  f. Celia  S audit  Martini  prope Richmond ,  r.  f. Cleajby ,  r. Eafby  prope  Richmund,  r.  f. Eaft-laton,  r.  f. Epleby  cum  Carlton,  Mon.  f. Forfeit,  r.  f. Gillingweft ,  r.  f. Gilhnonby ,  r.  f. Hinderlhwait ,  Mon. Kirby-hill,  r.  f. Kirby- Ravenfworth,  r.  f. Kirkham  in  Afk,  Mon. Langlons  ambo,  r.  f. Lanytons  ambo,  r.  f. Mafke,  r. Neufarn,  Mon. Newton-  Morall ,  r.  f. Ovinglon,  Mon.  f. Richmond-chapel  and  French- gate ,  r. Ravenfworth,  r.  f. Rombold-fdrk,  Mon. Thorp,  r. Wicliffe ,  r. Harthill  jn  the  Eafl-ri- ding. Baynton,  r. Brugh,  r. Burnby,  r. Brantinham ,  Mon. Burnholme ,  Mon.  f. Brumfleet,  r.  f. Cottingwitb-eaft,  r.  f. Dalton-north,  r.  f. Driffield  magna,  Mon.  f. Elmfwell,  r.  f. Everthorp,  r. Eaftburne,  r. Ellerton ,  Mon.  f. Foggerthorp,  r.  f. 7 YORK. Fulfutton ,  r.  £  .  .St. Goodmadam ,  Mpn.  f. Huggitt,  r.  f. liesfle,  r. Hermitage ,  r. Kirkburne,  Mon.  f. Latham,  r.  f. Lund,  Mon. Millington,  r.  f. North  Dalton,  r.  f4 Sunderland-wick ,  r. Thorpefteld parva,  r.  f. Thornton ,  Mon. W I  (land  alias  Wavjland,  r. Wtllerby,  Mon. Wat  ton,  Mon. Tapham ,  Mon. HoLDERfiK^s  in  the  Eaft- riding. Beef  or  th,  r.  f. Comfort ,  r.  f. Conftable-burton ,  or  Hornfey- burton. Efke,  Mon. Hornfey-burton,  f. Hornfey  and  Hornfey-beckhold, r.  f. Long -pr eft  on ,  r. Long-rufton,  r. Sutton  and  Nort on-bridge,  r. Tunfdale,  r. Waff  and,  r. H  u  ll  s  h i  r  e  in  the  Raft- riding. Anlaby  alias  Onlonby,  r. Ferreby. Ha  LLEKELD  pi  thp  Nprtf?- riding. Ainderby-whernboiy,  r. Burnifton,  r.  f. Balder (by,  r. Brugh,  r.  f. Car  thorp,  r.  f. Exelby,  Mpn.  f. Gatenby,  Mon.  f. Holme,  r.  f. Kirklington,  Mon. Langthorne  cum  T winghall, r.  f. Leeming  and  Looming -lane , Moh.  f. Middleton  in  Teafdffie,  r. Milby,  r. Middleton,  r. Melmerby,  Mpn. Marton  upon  the  Moor,  Mon. P  if  kail,  Mon.  f. Snaps  cum  Wells,  .Mon. Theaxton ,  r.  f. Tanfields  ambo,  Mon.  f. Wath,  Mon. Hangeast  in  the  North¬ riding. Appleton  magna  in  Catterick parifh,  r.  f. Aldburgh  or  Audbrough,  r. Afkrigg ,  Mon. Appleton  Eaft  and  Weft,  r. U  Brunton- 5 6i6 st.  Marv’j Abbey. The  HISTORY  and  ANTIQUITIES  BookII. Brunton-patterick ,  r.  f. Catterick ,  r.  f. Crakehall  ambo,  Mon.  f. Coleburne ,  Mon.  f. Cowpland ,  Mon. Fleta  alias  Fletbam ,  r.  f. Fearby ,  Mon. Fir  by,  Mon. Horneby  near  Smeaton ,  r. Hipfwell ,  r.  fl Kirby- Fie  at  ham ,  Mon. Morton ,  Mon. F at trickbr unton,  Mon. Richmond- chapel  and  French' gate,  r. Rifwick,  r.  f. Scuton,  r. Stainton  nigh  Ellerton,  r. S cotton  parva,  r.  f. Thorntonwatlas,  r. Tunfdale,  r.  f. Wells,  Mon.  f. Hangwest  in  the  North¬ riding. Bellerby,  Mon. Coram,  r. Carleton  cum  Coverdale , Mon.  f. Cover  am,  Mon.  f. Dunham,  r.  f. Eaft-Wilton,  Mon.  f. Fingall,  r. Hawkfwell  gmbo,  r.  f. Hudfwell,  r.  f. Layburne,  r. Morton,  Mon. Melmerby,  Mon.  f. Middleham ,  Mon. Redmire ,  Mon. Scruton,  r. Spennythorne ,  r. Skit  by,  Mon. Sandbeck,  Mon. ‘Thornton -Steward,  r. Thoroby,  r. Witton-eajt,  Mon.  f. Howdenshire  in  the  Eaft- riding. Aiflaby,  Mon.  r. Langbaurgh  in  th zNorlb- riding. Efton,  Mon. Eafeby,  Mon.  f. Exilby ,  r. Hutton  juxta  Rudby,  r.  f. Liverton,  Mon.  f. Lofthoufe  ambo. Porto ,  Mon.  f. Stoxley,  r. Stainton,  r. Scotherjkelfe,  r. Wafall,  r. Whorleton,  f. Farm,  r. Osgod crosse  in  the  Weft- riding. Adiingfleet-p  art,  on.  f. Armin,  Mon.  r. Eaftoft ,  Mon. Gould,  Mon.  f. H audenby,  r. Hemfworth,  Mon. Hooke,  r. Holdenby,  r. Marfhland  all  of  it,  Mon.  r.  f. Rednejfe,  r.  f. S win fleet,  Mon.  f. JJsfleet ,  r.  f. Whitgift,  r.  f. Ouse  'and  Darvent  in  the Eajl -riding. Cottingwith-weft,  r.  f. Derwent  water  to  Oufe,  r.  f. Deighton ,  r.  f. Efcrigg,  r.  f. Fulforths  ambo,  r.  f. Kellfeild ,  r.  f. Thorgonby,  r.  f. Wheldrake,  Mon.  f. Pickerinclyth  in  the North-riding. IJutton-bujhetti  Mon. Ki/by-mifperton,  r.  t. Middleton,  r.  f. Murton,  r. Gjgoodby ,  r, Rujlon,  r. Seamer ,  r.  f. Thornton,  r. Wickham  alias  Wikeham ,  r.  f. R  y  d  a  l  e  in  the  North¬ riding. Appleton-wood ,  r.  f. Barton  in  the  Jlreet,  r.  f. Butterwick ,  r.  f. Colton,  r. Calongia-wood  fo  called,  nigh Wood- applet  on,  r. Dowi  hwaite-dale ,  r.  f. Edjlon,  Mon.  r. Farndale ,  r.  f. Forreft  of  Spawnton,  r. Gilling,  r.  f. Hutton  in  the  hole,  r.  f. Holvingbam,  r.  f. Holme -fouth ,  r. Kirkby  moor  fide,  r.  f. Keldam ,  r. Lejlingham,  r.  f. Malton,  r.  f. The  moor  between  Normand- by  and  Spawnton  called Sinynton-moor ,  r. Normandby,  r.  f. Nunnington,  Mon.  f. Rofdale,  r.  f. Spaunton,  r.  f. Sproxton,  r. Terrmgton  alias  Torrington, Mon. Stainecross  in  the  Wejl- riding. Skyracke  in  the  Weft-riding: Bramham  and  Bramham  - moor ,  r. Bingley,  Mon. Strafford  in  the  Weft- riding. Doncafter  church  and  fixteen houfes,  r. Warmefwick,  r. St  a  i  necliffe  and  Cliffords- fee  in  the  Weft •  riding. Clapham ,  r.  f. Eaftby,  r. Stretton ,  r. Tickhill  in  the  Weft¬ riding. Whitby -strand  in  the North-riding. The  names  of  feveral  places within  the  liberty  which are  not  placed  in  the  wea- pontacks  or  hundreds  be¬ fore  mentioned. St.  Andrew -hermit age,  r. Allerthorpe-hall ,  r.  f. Agolha,  r. Amerfett,  r. Baynham ,  r. Baynham,  r. Brumfield,  r.  f. Bejward,  r. Balderfby-hall ,  r. Bingholme ,  r. Birker,  r. Barnby,  r. Corhcw,  r. Coates,  r. Elfton,  r. Eaft-kirk,  r. Everfham,  r. Greenby ,  r. Gar  ford,  Mon. Hemp  field,  r. Hickling ,  r. Hylom,  r. Kirkland,  Mon. Kirby  and  Sandwith ,  Mon. Marrow  the  manor ,  r. Murton,  r. Mogfikes,  r. Morthum,  r. Newton  i*  th  Willows. Syr  on -flu. Summerhoufe,  r. Thoralthorpe,  r. Tileboufe ,  r. Thurntoft ,  r. Wicke ,  Mon.  r. The .hap. IV.  of  St.  Mary’j  Abbey  at  YORK. The  CLERKS  Fees  in  the  court  of  St.  Mary’s. 627 ft.  MaryV Abbey. S.  d. For  every  plaint  and  aCtion  entring  00  02 For  every  dill.  cap.  or  fecond  warrant  00  08 For  warrant  of  attorney  in  actions  of  7 cafe  -  -  j°°°4 For  warrant  of  attorney  in  debt  00  02 For  copy  of  every  declaration  01  00 If  contracts,  for  every  contract  after  | the  firft  - - Jc If  (fleets,  for  every  fheet  after  the  firitoo  04 For  every  order  in  ejeCtment  01  00 For  every  rule  -  -  00  04 For  entring  an  order  -  00  04 For  copy  thereof  -  00  04 00  04 01  00 ^00  04 For  every  default  by  non  fum  cogn. or  the  like  - For  copy  of  every  fpecial  pleading For  every  general  iffue  -  00  04 For  every  judgment  - - ■  00  08 For  every  procefs  after  judgment  a cafa ,  f,  fa ,  fcfa;  f For  copy  of  a  plea  in  arreft  ofjudg-^ foo  08 j.  d. For  copy  of  every  record  06  08 For  copy  of  every  plaint  co  04 For  every  fearch  - -  00  04 For  every  effoine  upon  a  plaint  .  00  04 For  every  effoine  at  the  court  leet  00  02 For  every  certificate  out  of  the  charter  02  06 For  allowing  of  a  writ  of  error  12  05 For  certiorari  or  habeas  corpus  cuml caufa  -  -  j  °4  10 For  every  vefa,  and  hato  jur.  01  00 For  every  el  hato  jur.  '  - .  00  08 For  war.  ad  teftijicand  - -  01  00 For  fuperfedeas  to  an  execution  02  04 For  fuperperfed.  to  an  ordinary  procefs  00  04 For  every  protection  or  the  privilege  00  08 For  every  liberate - 01  00 For  every,  replevin  -  63  04 For  dividing  every  plaint  00  08 For  every  non- fait  or  non-procefs  00  04 For  renewing  any  judicial  procefs  00  08 For  every  venditione  exponaf  00  08 For  every  fpecial  imparlance  01  00 For  entry  of  every  concordantur  orf retraxit.  (°°  °4 In  Dr.  Tanner's  notitia  Monaft.  are  thefe  chartularys,  regifters,  &V.  put  down  for  this abbey. Regijlrum ,  in  bibliotheca  Deuvifiana.  1646. Regift,  penes  decanum  et  capit.  Ebor. Collectanea  MS.  Roger!  EEdfworth,  biblioth.  Bodley.  v.  7.  9. Stephan.  Witebienfenfem  de  fw.dalione  momflmi  S.  Mariae  Ebor.  e tbiftoria  ejufdem  man. ttna  cunc  figu ,  is  abbatum  fciagraphice  depittis ,  (Ac. Biblioth.  Bodl.  Nero.  A.  3.  20. This  book  brings  down  the  h'ftory  of  the  abbey  to  the  year  1290,  or  1300.  The drawings  are  with  a  pen,  rudely  done,  yet  fome  things  in  it  are  not  unworthy  of  an  anti¬ quary  s  cor-fideration.  There  is  a  rude  draught,  alfo,  of  fome  part  of  the  abbey,  Ecclcfia liota,  is  put  upon  it,  a  fpire,  &c.  The  heads  of  perfons  feem  to  be  done  ad  libitum fcnptoris ,  but  they  are  very  fmall,  as  is  the  fize  of  the  book. Reyner.  apoft.  Benedict,  in  Ang.  Tr.  2 .  p.  145. From  other  authorities. C onfuetudinari ;tm ,  in  bib.  coll.  S.  Johan.  Cant.  d.  27. Lib -'Hates  ecclefiae  S.  Mariae  Ebor.  concejf.  per  regem  Henricum  primum ,  irrotulat.  in  iti- nere  40  Hen.  III.  in  curia  recept.  fcaccarii. Lioertates  chart,  fundationis  et  indotationis  prior atus  de  Wedderhall,  et  cellae  Conftantini, prope  Carliolum. Chartae  quaeda?n  abb  at.  beat.  Mariae  Ebor. Mifcellanea ,  terras  et  poffeffiones  prioratus  de  Wedderhall  fpettantia,  4.  anliquo  et  nitido char aCl  ere  •,  '  1 In  biblioth.  eccl.  catb.  apud.  Carliol.  Wanley,  n.  603. Regift  rum  abbatiae  S.  Marie  Ebor.  quarto ,  Harley.  36.  c.  19. This  book  contains  the  charters  of  king  William  Rufus ,  Henry  I.  Henry  III.  Edward  I. and  Edward  III.  granted  to  the  abbey  of  St.  Mary's  York. Compofitions  and  tythes  of  feveral  churches  belonging  to  the  abbey. Grants  relating  to  divers  manors. Charters  of  the  abbey  granted  to  feveral  freeholders  in  Richmondf/jire ,  Mvton ,  and  Ap¬ pleton  ftp.  Wyfk. Grants  relating  to  their  manor  of  Hiiddefwell. Charters  of  the  churches  of  Kirkby-Lonefdale ,  Kendal  and  Kirkby  Stephen ,  ultra  moras . Pleadings  before  the  juftices  of  the  king’s  bench,  term.  St.  Mich.  an.  reg.  Ed.  III.  about the  church  of  Bannum.  com.  Norfolk. An  inquifition  taken  at  Wyfett  about  the  vacancy  of  the  priory  of  Romburgh,  &c. 'S A  P  P  E  N- [  i  ] A  P  P  N  E  D  I  X- References,  additions  and  emendations. AT  the  end  of  fo  long  and  tedious  a  work  I  have  neither  leifure  nor  inclination to  begin  again,  and  recapitulate  the  matter  thoroughly.  Yet,  as  I  have  a  de¬ fire  that  it  ftiould  fee  the  light  in  as  exa<5t  a  drels  as  poflible,  I  flaall  fubjoin  the animadverfions  of  two  gentlemen,  of  known  tafte  in  literature,  who  have  done me  the  honour  to  give  me  their  thoughts  on  fome  paflages  in  the  firlt  chapters  ot  it  fince the  fheets  were  printed-,  for  which  reafons  their  corrections,  &c.  have  hitherto  efcaped the  prefs.  When  I  mention  the  reverend  dodtor  Langwith ,  redtor  of  Pet  worth  in  Suffix, and  John  Anjlis  fen.  efq;  garter  principal  king  at  arms,  I  need  fay  no  more  in  regard  to the  characters  of  thofe  gentlemen.  His  cotemporaries  in  the  univerfity  of  Cambridge,  art thoroughly  fenfible  of  the  great  abilities  of  the  former  gentleman  ;  and  the  latter  has  given the  world  fo  many  proofs  of  his  elegant  tafte  in  polite  literature,  and  of  his  extenfive knowledge  in  the  hiftory  and  laws  of  his  own  country,  that  I  am  not  a  little  proud  to ftand  corrected  in  many  places  of  this  work  by  two  fuch  judicious  obfervers.  Their  mar¬ ginal  notes  therefore,  without  any  further  apology,  (hall  begin  this  chapter  of  references  ; &c.  and  I  mult  beg  that  the  reader  would  correCt  the  fmaller  errata  of  the  prefs  with  his pen ;  which  I  believe  will  be  found  to  be  as  few  as  have  been  publifhed  in  a  work  of  this extenfive  matter  and  compofition. The  firft  chapter,  except  the  etymologies,  being  wholly  taken  from  Geofry  Monmouth's legendary  account  of  Britain ,  I  have  been  fomewhat  blamed  by  the  reverend  doCtor  for  paying fuch  a  deference  to  it.  The  reader  may  pleafe  to  obferve  that  though  1  have  made  fome  quo¬ tations  from  that,  fingular,  hiltorian,  yet  they  are  not  given  for gofpd ;  and,  I  think,  I  could do  no  lefs  than  pafs  curforily  over  what  Geofry  has  delivered,  in  relation  to  the  hiftory  and antiquity  of  this  city,  fince  abler  hiftorians  have  done  it  for  other  cities  ;  and  fince  his teftimony,  though  denied  by  many,  can  never  be  thorougly  confuted;  I  fhall  therefore pafs  on  to  the  animadverfions  of  the  next  chapter,  in  which  fome  errors  are  more  plain¬ ly  pointed  out  in  the  manner  as  follows, P.  y.  for,  from  its  derivative  opes,  read,  primitive. P.  y.  Urbs ,  civitas,  &  oppidum,  &c.  on  this  whole  paragraph  this  learned  criticifm  is made  by  Dr.  Langwith. “  i .  You  fay  that  oppidum  refpeCls  the  buildings  only  and  never  includes  the  people  :  if «  this  be  fo  I  dont  know  what  to  make  of  fome  of  the  epithets  which  fully  beftows  upon “  oppida  ;  for  inftance,  he  calls  Latina ,  oppidum  locuples  bonejlum  copiofum ,  lib.  4.  in  Verrem “  In  another  place  he  has  oppidum  miferrimum ,  which,  with  fome  of  the  former,  cannot  I “  think  relate  to  any  thing  but  the  people.  Oppida  metu  continere ,  in  Livy,  is  as  hard “  to  be  accounted  for  as  the  former,  for  it  is  impoftible  that  buildings  fhould  be  affected “  by  fear,  fo  that  the  people  niuft  here  alfo  be  neceflarily  included. “  2.  You  fay  that  oppidum  chiefly  regarded  a  mercantile  fituation.  I  know  not  how “  this  is  to  be  proved ;  for  the  derivation  from  opes  is  to  me  no  proof  at  all,  fince  I  had “  rather,  with  fome  of  the  antients,  derive  it  from  opem  dare ,  and  then  it  will  imply  a “  place  of  help,  aid,  fecurity,  &c.  without  any  regard  to  its  wealth.  Befides,  I  am  very “  much  miftaken  if  I  don’t  quickly  fhew  that  many  towns  were  called  oppida  which  were “  far  enough  from  having  a  mercantile  fituation. “  3.  You  fay  that  it  is  always  oppidum  Londini.  1.  do  not  deny  the  truth  of  this  obfer- “  vation ;  and  yet  I  do  not  doubt  but  if  London  had  been  frequently  mentioned  in  the “  claflick  writers  we  fhould  have  met  with  it  by  the  name  of  urbs,  as  well  as  oppidum. This  you  may  think  is  talking  by  guefs,  but  I  think  I  can  offer  a  pretty  good  reafon “  for  my  opinion  :  it  is  taken  from  the  name  Augufla,  by  which  London  was  called,  as “  appears  from  Ammianus  Marcellinus ,  lib.  27.  cap.  18.  Now,  as  London  was  no  colonia, “  I  think  Augufla  cannot  belong  to  any  thing  fo  properly  as  urbs :  I  am  fure  it  can  have “  no  relation  to  oppidum. “  4.  You  fay  that  Athens  and  even  Conflantinople  by  claflical  authority  claim  but  the “  title  of  oppida  ;  but  I  think  I  can  prove  that  each  of  them,  by  that  authority,  claims “  the  title  of  urbs ,  as  well  as  oppidum.  Firft  as  to  Athens,  fully  fpcaking  of  Athens  calls “  it t APPENDIX. “  it  urbs :  proplerfummadn  et  doctor  is  autoritalem  et  urbis.  Be  ofticiis  lib.  i.f.  i.  And  again “  of  the  fame  place,  confolarenturque  nos  non  tnm  pbilofophi  qui  Athenis  fuerunt  —  quam “  cl&rifjimi  viri  qui  ilia  urbe  pulfi  car  ere  ingr  at  a  civitate  quam  manere  in  improba  maluerunt. “  1  fhall  not  trouble  you  with  any  more  quotations  becaufe  I  think  thefe  fufficient  for  che “  purpofe. “  Next  as  to  Conflantinople. “  This,  as  you  know,  was  antiently  called  Byzantium :  now  if  it  fhall  appear  that  By- “  zantium  had  the  title  oiurbs,  it  is  not  to  be  imagined  that  after  having  been  fo  much “  enlarged  and  adorned  by  Gonjlantine L,  it  fhould  be  degraded  into  a  mere  oppidum.  And *4  that  Byzantium  was  called  urbs,  JuJlin  fhall  be  my  voucher,  Byzantium  nobilis  et  marl - “  lima  urbs.  Juft.  hift.  lib.  9.  f.  1.  When  Byzantium  became  Conftantinopoiis ,  it  was  fo  far “  from  finking  in  its  titles  that  it  was  made  equal  in  them  to  old  Rome  it  felf,  both  by “  the  Greek  and  Latin  writers.  See  Spanheim  de  Numifm.  tom.  II.  />.  401,  andp.  443.  I “  think  what  has  been  faid  is  fufficient  to  prove  that  Athens  and  Conflantinople  were  called 44  urbes  as  well  as  oppida.  I  fliall  add  that  this  is  no  more  than  what  holds  in  many “  other  inftances,  and  there  is  a  remarkable  place  in  Cicero ,  where  a  town  is  called  both  urbs “  and  oppidum  in  the  fame  fentence,  Plierae  —  urbs  erat  in  Theffalia  —  in  quo  oppido,  &c. “  Cic.  de  divin.  lib.  1. “  That  great  critick  and  reviver  of  learning  Laurentius  Valla  carries  this  matter  fo  far tc  as  to  affirm  that  all  urbes  whatever,  Rome  only  excepted,  were  called  oppida  —  oppidum “  omnis  urbs- eft  praeter  Romam,  quae  peculiari  nomine  urbs  vocari  coepta  fecit  ut  caeterae  ur- “  bes  oppida  vocarentur ,  quia  ipfa  oppidum  amplius  non  eft.  If  all  urbes  except  Rome  were “  called  oppida ,  I  think  it  plain  that  many  oppida  had  not  mercantile  fituations.” P.  9.  Se£t.  5.  “  Severn s  in  the  thirteenth  year  of  his  reign  undertook  an  expedition  into “  Britain  " I  hope  you  dont  mean  that  he  fet  out  upon  this  expedition  in  the  thirteenth  year  of  his reign;  for  if  you  do,  I  dont  fee  how  it  can  poflibly  be  reconciled  with  Dio  CaJJius  [in Xiphilin)  who  is  the  moft  particular  of  all  the  antients  as  to  the  time  of  thefe  events,  and indeed,  upon  many  accounts,  the  moft  worthy  of  credit.  Now  he  tells  us  that  Severus died  in  the  third  year  after  his  arrival  into  Britain ,  after  having  reigned  feventeen  years nine  months  and  twenty  five  days  :  it  is  plain  therefore  that  his  arrrival  here  could  not be  till  the  fifteenth  year  of  his  reign  at  the  fooneft. Ibid.  tc  Severus  arrived  in  Britain  with  his  two  fons,  &c.  in  the  year  207,  fay  fome “  chronologers,  fcfr.” I  believe  it  may  eafily  be  made  appear  that  Severus' s  arrival  here  could  not  poflibly  have happened  fooner  than  the  year  208,  and  I  wifli  that  your  numbers  upon  the  margin  had .been  ccvm  vel  ccix  inftead  of  ccvii  vel  ccvm. Mediobarbus ,  who  had  the  afliftance  of  cardinal  Noris ,  and  who  by  his  great  acquain¬ tance  with  the  antient  coins  was  himfelf  very  well  qualified  for  adjufting  of  times,  is  for ccvi  i  1.  Mufgrave ,  who  took  a  good  deal  of  pains  about  the  domus  Severiana ,  as  he  calls it,  is  for  ccix.  See  Mediobarbus  upon  Ccco,  p.  279.  and  Mufgrave' s  fynchror.  Dom.  Sev. p.  1  2  6. P.  9.  Sell.  6.  “  Severus  was  fixty  years  of  age  when  he  undertook  this  expedition.” Xiphilin  from  Dio  CaJJius  informs  us,  that  Severus  lived  fixty  five  years,  nine  months  and twenty  five  days,  and  fince  he  alfo  acquaints  us  that  he  died  in  the  third  year  after  his  ar¬ rival  in  Britain ,  it  is  evident  that  when  he  came  hither  he  was  above  fixty  two  years  old. See  Xiphilin  of  H.  Stephen's  edit,  in  1592.  p.  339,  344.  Dr.  Langwitb. P.  10.  Self.  1.  “  Severus  chofe  to  build  a  ftone-wall,  &c.  in  the  place  where  Hadrian “  had  thrown  up  his  rampart  of  earth.” I  fhould  rather  fay  that  Severus  made  a  wall ,  &c.  near  the  place  where,  &c.  For  it does  not  appear  that  Severus's  wall  was  of  flone,  nor  was  it  in  the  place  where  Hadrian  had thrown  up,  &c.  but  only  near  it.  The  ftone-wall  was  not  built  by  Severus ,  but,  long after  his  time,  by  the  provincial  Britains ,  with  the  afliftance  of  the  Romans.  See  Camden and  Gordon. P.  10.  Se<ft.  3.  “  Severus  lived  more  than  three  years  in  the  praetorian  palace  in  this “  city.” If  Dio's  teftimony  is  to  be  allowed  of,  this  is  impoffible.  See  above. Ibid.  Herodian  writes  that  fome  years  after  his  firft  coming  to  Tork  he  and  his  fon  Ca- ct  racalla ,  fat  in  the  praetorium^  and  gave  judgment,  &A” I  cannot  find  any  thing  of  this  either  in  Herodian  or  any  other  antient  writer. Ibid.  “  Common  cafes  as  that  of  Sicilia ,  &c.” Read  Caecilia.  See  Mufgrave' s  Get  a  Britannicus,  p.  105.  Caeciliae  refcnplum  eft. Dr.  Langwitb. I  fubmit  to  you  whether  you  fhould  not  alter  this  word  of  Sicilia  (left  it  might  be  mi- ftaken  to  relate  to  that  ifland)  into  that  of  one  Caecilia ,  who  might  probably  be  a  Britifo lady  and  then  refident  at  York.  I  take  it,  this  is  the  only  law  of  Severus  that  expreffes  the place  where  it  was  made.  Mr.  Anftis. 7  X 5 P.  10. iii  A  P  P  E  N  D  I  X. P.  io.  Sett.  6.  cc  The  date  [of  the  refcript]  runs  from  the  third  of  the  nones  of  May , *c  Faujlinus  and  Rufus  being  confuls.” This  very  date,  together  with  the  affinity  between  the  names  Rufus  and  Rufi, mis  or  Ru- fnianus ,  has  occafioned  great  difputes  among  the  chronologers  about  the  names  of  the confuls  in  the  two  laft  years  of  Severus  ;  but  I  believe  all  may  be  fet  right  by  an  eafy  emen¬ dation.  I  imagine  that  the  date  of  the  refcript  originally  ran  thus, P.  P.  iii  non.  Maii.  Eboraci Favstino  et  Rvf°.  Coss. This  Rvf°.  (I  fuppofe  by  the  miftake  of  the  copyers)  afterwards  became  Rvfo,  whereas it  ought  to  have  been  Rufino  or  Rufiniano.  Upon  this  fuppofitiort  all  will  be  made  eafy  ; the  date  of  the  refcript  reconciled  with  the  fajli ,  and  the  chronologers  with  one  another. The  confuls  according  to  the  fajli ,  as  they  are  publiffied  in  Collier's  appendix,  were  in the  year  210.  M.  Acilius  Favstinvs,  C.  Caefonius  Macer. According  to  Mediobarbus,  p.  278.  they  were  Man.  Acilius  Favstin  C.  Caefon.  Macer Rvf  inianus. You  fee  there  is  no  difference  between  the  refcript,  the  fajli  and  Mediobarbus  as  to  Fu- Jlinus  ;  and*  there  will  be  no  more  as  to  the  other  Caius  Caefonius  Macer ,  if  my  emendation be  admitted  of,  and  Rufo  be  by  a  miftake  put  down  for  Rufino  or  Rufiniano. The  confuls  for  the  next  year  21 1,  were  according  to  the  fajli  £^E.  Rufus,  Pomponius Bajfus. According  to  thofe  eminent  chronologers  C.  Noris  and  F.  Pagi ,  Gentianus,  Bajfus. Here  again  is  no  difference  as  to  Bajfus  ;  nor  will  there  be  as  to  the  other  E.  Rufus if  his  Agnomen  Gentianus  be  added  to  his  other  names;  for  according  to  Mediobarbus the  confuls  for  this  year  were  j^.  Elpidius  Rufus  Gentianvs,  Pomponivs  Bassvs. See  Mediobarbus p.  2 78,  279. You  may  think  me  very  bold  in  daring  to  alter  an  imperial  refcript,  but  I  know  no other  method  of  fetting  things  upon  a  right  footing,  unlefs  one  could  imagine  that  Rufus was  conful  two  years  running.  Dr.  Langivith. P.  10.  Sett.  6.  “  Severus  is  faid  to  have  died  A.  D.  212 .** This  is  contrary  to  the  beft  chronologers  that  I  have  by  me ;  for  Helvicus,  Petavius , Mediobarbus,  &c.  all  agree  that  he  died  A.D.  21 1. You  will  pardon  my  adding  a  word  or  two  more  with  regard  to  the  refcript.  Mufgrave Wonders  that  no  notice  was  taken  of  Gela  in  it,  fince  he  was  at  this  time  dignified  with the  title  of  Auguflus ;  but  for  my  part  I  rather  believe  that  no  notice  was  taken  of  Baffia- nus,  but  that  Geta  himfelf  is  the  Antoninus  of  the  refcript. You  know,  from  J.  Capitolinus,  &c.  that  Severus  gave  Geta  the  name  of  Antoninus , and  delighted  to  have  him  called  fo,  and  that  he  left  him  to  adminifter  juftice  at  York ,  &c. while  he  took  his  brother  along  with  him  in  his  northern  expedition;  now  it  appears  from good  authority,  that  Sraerus  upon  his  return  from  the  north  left  Baffanus  there  to  command the  army  and  finiffi  the  wall :  at  this  time  I  imagine  the  refcript  was  figned  at  York  by  Se¬ verus  and  Geta ,  or  the  younger  Antonine ,  without  any  notice  taken  of  the  elder  who  was abfent.  This  may  perhaps  appear  a  bold  conjecture ;  but  I  ffiall  be  willing  to  give  it  up if  it  do  not  prove,  at  leaft,  no  improbable  one. N.  B.  I  don’t  think  that  Antonine  ftaid  long  in  the  north  after  Severus  had  left  the  army; for  he  chofe  rather  to  patch  up  a  fcandalous  peace  than  bring  the  war  to  fuch  a  conclufion as  his  brave  old  father  could  have  wiftied. Ibid.  “  third  of  the  nones  of  May,  or  May  4.  ” Since  May  has  fix  nones  the  third  of  the  nones  of  May  is  not  May  4,  but  May  5. Ibid.  <c  Feb.  5.” February  has  four  nones,  and  therefore  pridie  non.  Februarii  is  Feb.  4. Ibid.  For  “  muft  have  lived  in  Britain  near  two  or  three,”  read,  lived  in  Britain  two or  three  years. P.  14.  Sett.  7.  “  depofited  in  the  capital.'* I  cannot  tell  what  to  make  of  this  paffage  unlefs  there  be  an  error  of  the  prefs,  and that  it  Ihould  be  capital  [*'.  e.  capital  city]  inftead  of  capital ;  for  the  monument,  in  which the  allies  of  Severus  were  depofited  was  not  in  the  capital,  but  at  a  confiderable  diftance from  it,  between  the  mons  Palatinus  and  mans  Caelius,  to  the  north  of  the  Septizonium.  See Georgii  Fabricii  Roma  c.  20.  The  confequence  from  hence  is,  that  the  monuments  of  the \  Antonines  was  not  in  the  capitol,  but  elfewhere.  See  Spartian's  lives  of  Severus,  Caracalla  and and  Geta  ;  or,  at  leaft,  thofe  that  go  under  his  name  with  the  annotations  of  Caufabon. Dr.  Langwith. P.  14.  Sett.  Severus* s  hills. To  give  the  reader  a  better  notion  of  the  fize  and  magnitude  of  thefe  hills  than  the  per- fpeClive  view  of  them,  taken  at  fuch  a  diftance,  can  poffibly  lliew,  I  have  had  them  mea- fured.  Their  exaCl  menfuration  as  to  diameter,  altitude,  &c.  the  annexed  draught  ex¬ hibits.  0 P.  1 5. P.  i $.  Scft.  3.  “  Dion  Cajfius  the  confular  hiftorian  who  lived  a  few  years  after  Se- “  vents.” I  wonder  at  your  exprefiing  your  fclf  in  this  manner  j  it  is  true  indeed  that  Dio  lived and  was  made  conful ,  the  fecond  time,  fome  years  after  the  death  of  Severus  but  his  te- ftimony  would  have  more  weight  with  your  readers  if  they  had  been  told  that  he  was  a  fe- nator  and  had  been  conful  before  the  reign  of  Severus.  Dr.  Langwitb. P.  1 6.  Sell.  2,  <c  Caracalla ,  from  the  fhort  coats  he  gave  to  his  foldiers.’* They  were  not  fhort  coats  but  long  which  he  gave,  not  only  to  the  foldiers,  but  to  the people.  The  caracalla ,  was  a  Gaulifh  garment  made  with  a  hood  or  cowl,  and  was  ori¬ ginally  fhort  till  he  lengthened  it  to  the  ancles,  and  was  fo  fond  of  it  as  to  give  it  the name  of  Antoniniana.  See  Spartian  in  Caracalla  with  Salmafius’s  notes,  as  alfo  Aurelius Vittor  in  Caracalla .  You  will  find  a  ftrange  derivation  of  the  word  Caracalla  in  Dr.  Lit- tletoids  dictionary  taken  from  Greek  and  Latin  ■,  whereas  I  make  no  queftion  but  the  word was  Gaulifh ,  and  perhaps  is  ftill  preferved  in  the  old  Irijh>  in  which  caran  fignifies  the top  of  the  head  and  calla  a  veil  or  covering.  Dr.  Langwitb. P.  1 6.  Sell.  4.  “  that  he  was  not  eight  and  thirty,  &c.” The  infeription  for  Papinian.  Aemilio  Paulo  Papiniano  praef.  praetor  J.  C.  qui  vix.  ann. xxxvi.  menf.  111.  dies  x.  P  apinianus  Hojlilius  et  Eugenia  gracilis  turbato  or  dine  in  finio  heu  pa- rentes  fecerunt  filio  opt.  So  that  your  making  him  not  above  thirty  eight  fhould  be  afeer- tained,  according  to  this  infeription  which  you  will  find  in  Gruterf.  ccclviii.  and  faid  by him  to  remain  in  the  palace  of  the  cardinal  of  Genoa  at  Pome  \  fo  that  if  this  molt  famous lawyer  was  beheaded  at  York ,  this  was  only  in  the  nature  of  a  cenotaphium  or  honorary  re¬ membrance,  unlefs  the  urn  with  his  afhes  was  removed  to  Rome ,  which  might  probably be  done,  notwithftanding  his  execution  by  an  axe,  (which  as  I  remember  hath  given  fome authors,  whom  I  have  not  time  to  confult  to  mention  the  method  by  the  fword)  for  the cuftom  of  difpofing  the  bodies  of  thofe  who  fuffered  for  ftate  or  other  crimes  by  the  empe¬ rors  or  monarchs  did  not,  as  I  could  eafily  prove,  obtain  till  feveral  ages  afterwards. Though  you  have  cited  the  authorities  of  the  greatefl  character  given  to  Papinian  by feme  of  the  Roman  writers,  and  by  the  molt  competent  judge  in  later  time  Cujacius ,  yet if  you  think  it  any  honour  to  your  city  I  will  fend  you  the  civil  lawyers  who  were  his contemporaries  or  foon  lucceeded  him,  that  give  him  the  molt  honourable  epithets,  and  I doubt  not  but  you  will  be  enabled  to  add,  if  you  can  get  Ff chard  de  vitis  jurifconfultorum , which  I  have  not.  It  is  altonilhing  that  in  fo  early  years,  he  fhould  obtain  that  know¬ ledge  in  equity,  which  ftands  the  tell  of  all  ages,  and  ever  will  do  fo,  fave  in  our  narrow chanceries.  I  take  it  for  granted  that  there  are  fo  many  charadterifts  in  this  infeription that  it  mull  certainly  belong  to  your  lawyer ;  and  at  prefent  I  have  not  time  to  infpeft the  ufual  forms  in  other  inferiptions  to  difeover  whether  the  words  turbato  ordine  have  been ufed  by  other  parents  in  memorials  of  their  children,  the  ufual  exprefiion  being  C.  V.  that is  contra  votum ,  to  it  may  be  intended  fo  commemorate  likewife  the  manner  of  his  unhap¬ py  death,  as  well  as  his  death  before  them.  Mr.  Anjlis. Ibid.  “  Nor  was  Papinian  alone  in  th t  praetorium,  ipc.  ” I  am  certain  that  I  have  fomewhere  met  with  a  citation  that  Ulpian ,  (who  you  know was  a  Syrian  rhetor  at  firft,  and  at  length  fcholar  to  Papinian  whilft  praefettus  praetorio , of  whom  Lampridius ,  fpeaking  of  Alexander  Severus ,  writes,  idea  fumjnum  imperatorem  fuiffe , tdque  in, ill  a  adbuc  fuajuventa  quia  Ulpiani  potiffimum  confilia  aufcultarat )  did,  whilft  he  was in  Britain  write  to  Terentius  Modejlnius ,  then  in  Dalmatia ,  as  I  take  it,  it  is  his  opinion  which 1  we ,5 ■ * V APPENDIX. we  have  in  the  PandeEls  lib.  47.  tit.  2.  de  furtis  lege  52.  feEl.  20.  but  I  cannot  recollect the  authority.  Selden  and  Duck  conjecture  he  was  at  Fork,  but  mention  not  this  paflage  , I  have  not  Cujacius ,  but  probably  he  cites  it ;  and  it  may  be  in  lib.  13.  obferv.  6,  27. obferv.  26.  Mr.  Anjlis. P.  17.  SeEl.  1.  “  ——yet  I  mull  be  of  opinion  with  a  very  learned  antiquary,  &c .** I  am  forry  that  you  have  fallen  into  this  odd  notion  of  Burton's  about  the  place  of  Get  a*  s murder  ;  for  I  think  nothing  can  be  more  clear  in  hiftory  than  that  it  was  at  Rome.  You own  that  this  is  affirmed  by  Dio  Cajjius  and  Herodian ,  the  authority  of  either  of  which, efpecially  the  former,  is  of  more  weight  with  me  than  that  of  all  the  Latin  writers  of  thofe times  put  together.  But  this  is  not  all,  for  one  of  them  affirms  the  fame  thing  with  Dio and  Herodian ,  and  none  of  the  reft  are  inconfiftent  with  them.  Dr.  Langwith. Ibid.  SeEl.  2.  “  - quae  viEloria ,  meaning  Geta's  murder,  &c.” Thefe  words  cannot  poffibly  make  any  thing  to  the  purpofe  -,  becaufe  ViEtor  himftlf  had a  little  above  faid  that  Geta  and  BaJJianus  had  attended  their  father’s  remains  to  Rome.  Fu~ tins  quod  liberi^  Geta  Baflianufipe,  Romam  detulerunt.  You  fee  then  that  ViEtor  is  a  third authority  againft  you.  Dr.  Langwith. Ibid.  “  a  paflage  in  Spartian  makes  this  yet  plainer.” Spartian  is  a  poor  confufed  writer,  and  fo  of  little  authority  *,  however  he  explains  him- fe If  fufficiently  on  thofe  words,  Romam  Baffianus  redire  non  potuit ,  if  they  were  his  *  for he  tells  us,  that  after  the  death  of  Geta ,  he  went  to  the  camp  at  Alba ,  where  the  foldiers were  fo  inraged  at  him  that  they  ftiut  the  gates  againft  him  ■,  but  that  he  foftned  them partly  by  the  complaints  againft  Geta  and  partly  by  the  prodigious  allowances  that  he  was obliged  to  make  them  before  he  returned  to  Rome.  See  Spartian  in  Caracalla.  with  Cafau- bon' s  notes.  Dr.  Langwith. Ibid.  “  Eutropius  writes,  &c.” It  is  no  wonder  that  Eutropius ,  who  huddles  up  every  thing  in  fo  ffiort  manner,  fhould make  fuch  quick  work  with  Geta ;  for  it  is  agreed  on  all  hands  that  his  wicked  brother did  not  fuffer  him  to  furvive  his  father  for  any  confiderable  time. - -  The  teftimony  of Ignatius  is  not  worth  confuting.  Dr.  Langwith. Ibid.  SeEl.  3.  “  except  Rome  or  Conjlantinople." Have  you  added  any  honour  to  your  city  at  the  time  of  Severn s  by  taking  it  to  be  next after  Rome  and  Conjlantinople ,  which  later  name  was  not  then  in  being,  and  I  could  fee what  was  the  ftate  of  Bizantium  at  that  time,  which  I  think  Severus  himfelf  took  ? Mr.  Anjlis. P.  ii.  SeEl.  4.  “  the  goddels  Nehalennia.” I  wifh  the  dean,  for  whofe  memory  I  have  a  very  great  honour,  had  been  a  more  par¬ ticular  on  this  occafion  ;  for  I  cannot  find  that  Nehahnnia  was  the  patronefs  of  chalk- workers,  in  particular,  but  of  all  people  in  general,  that  trafficked  by  fea  •,  as  thofe  of  Zea¬ land  did.  See  Reinefius  p.  192.  You  will  find  there  alfo  an  attempt  at  a  learned  derivation  of the  name  •,  but  I  think  that  of  Baxter  is  more  natural,  who  deduces  it  from  Ne  and  Halen [of  the  filt  or  lea]  fo  that  Deae  Nehalenniae  is  Divae [alls  vel  maris.  This  is  confiftent  e- nough  with  the  opinion  of  a  German  author,  who  holds  that  Nehalennia  is  the  new moon  •,  I  have  not  feen  the  book,  but  the  notion  is  mentioned  by  Dr.  Gale  with  fome degree  of  approbation.  Dr.  Langwith. P.  23.  SeEl.  2.  “  —  the  diftance  at  fixteen  Italian  miles.  ” The  diftance  betwixt  York  and  Aldburg  might  be  better  adjufted  to  the  numbers  of  the itinerary ,  without  having  recourfe  to  French  leagues,  viz.  if  the  diftance  of  thefe  two  places be  twelve  TorkJJoire  miles,  it  is  at  leaft  fifteen  ftatute  miles,  and  by  conlequence  above  fix- teen  Roman. miles ;  for  fince  the  Roman  mile  is  to  the  ftatute  mile  very  near  as  11  to  12, or  1 5  to  i6t4t,  it  is  evident  that  15  ftatute  miles  will  be  nearly  equal  to  i6t4t  Roman miles.  Y'ou  fee  I  have  in  this  computation  reckoned  twelve  Yorkjhire  miles  only  fifteen ftatute  miles,  whereas  they  are  certainly  fomewhat  more  in  that  part  of  the  country,  fo that  inftead  of  i6t4t  Roman  miles,  we  may  very  well  fay  17,  which  is  exactly  the  num¬ ber  in  the  itinerary.  Dr.  Langwith. Ibid.  SeEl.  3.  “  Burgh ,  then,  was  a  common  appellation  for  fuch  a  fan&uary.” I  do  not  doubt  but  Burgus  frequently  fignified  a  walled  town  ;  but  I  fuppofe  you  will find  by  infpe<fting  Du  Frefne's  gloflary,  Cluver's  geography  and  many  other  authors,  that have  commented  upon  the  laws  of  the  northern  nations,  that  this  term  was  likewife  at¬ tributed  to  places  not  fortrefles,  or  fecured  by  walls.  —  As  to  your  notion  of  civitas ,  there can  be  no  difpute  that  it  fignified  not  only  the  place,  but  the  whole  diftrid  or  territory  ; and,  if  my  memory  doth  not  fail  me,  you  may  meet  with  feveral  proofs  in  Dr.  Maurices diocefan  epifcopacy,  in  England-,  at  the  time  of  the  conqueft,  the  terms  villa,  villata ,  bur¬ gus,  and  civitas  were  indifcri  ninately  ufed  for  the  fame  places,  of  which  I  could  furnifhyou with  proofs  out  of  Doomfday-book.  Mr.  Anjlis. P.  25.  at  the  end  of  the  note  (b)  add,  and  one  kind  of  it  venniculatum ,  the  reafon  of which  name  appears  on  firft  fight  of  two  of  your  pavements.  Dr.  Langwith. P.  25.  SeEl.  2.  “  Suetonius  tells  us  that  a  very  noble  one  was  built  for  Domitian .** Suetonius  fays  no  more  than  Jladium  excitavit  it  is  from  other  authors  we  learn  that  it was VI APPENDIX. was  a  very  noble  one.  The  words  which  you  quote  in  the  margin  are  not  in  Domitian , but  Julius  Caefar ,  c.  39.  §  9.  and  imply  no  more  than  that  it  was  a  work  defigned  on¬ ly  to  ferve  a  prefent  occafion,  and  fo  probably  run  up  in  hafte,  without  much  magnifi¬ cence.  Dr.  Langwitb. P.  26.  Sedl.  1.  “  — lam  perfuaded  the  poor  Britons  were  not  only  deftitute  of  tools.” What  tools  the  poor  Britons  had  we  cannot  tell  ;  but  that  they  were  able  to  do  works  of furprifing  curiofity  and  ingenuity  is  moll  certain  ;  witnefs  their  arrow  heads  and  other  wea¬ pons  made  of  flints,  and  other  the  hardelt  ftones,  their  Druidical  magic  glaff^s,  adders- beads,  &c.  fpecimens  of  all  which  I  have  by  me  fo  curioufly  done  that  it  would  puzzle our  belt  artifts  to  imitate  them.  I  mention  thefe  things  only  to  Ihew  that  they  were  an ingenious  people,  and  that  as  they  were  able  to  do  thefe  little  works,  though  we  cannot tell  how,  fo  they  might  be  able  to  do  great  works,  which  require  more  labour  but  not more  ingenuity.  Befides  thefe  obelifks,  and  even  Stone-henge  itfelf,  are  mere  trifles  in  com  - parifon  to  the  works  which  the  Spaniards  found  amongfl  the  Americans ,  at  their  firft  arri¬ val  there ;  though  they  were  not  acquainted  with  any  of  our  tools,  nor  even  with  iron, which  it  is  certain  the  Britons  were  ;  and  I  cannot  fee  why  we  Ihould  not  allow  as  much ingenuity  to  them  as  to  the  Americans.  Upon  the  whole  I  have  feen  both  thefe  obelifks and  Stone-henge ,  and  take  them  to  be  far  too  rude  for  Roman  works  •,  and  fince  there  are  ar¬ guments  enough  to  prove  they  were  neither  Saxon  nor  Danijh,  I  cannot  but  conclude  they  were Briti/lj. N.  B.  I  have  viewed  Stone-henge ,  with  a  great  deal  of  care,  and  cannot  but  think  that Inigo  Jones  has  impofed  upon  the  world  in  his  account  of  it,  for  I  can  no  way  recon¬ cile  what  is  now  left  of  it  with  his  plan  and  defcription.  He  has  made  a  fine  thing  of  it, fuch  as  would  have  been  worthy  of  the  Romans ,  or  fuch  an  architect  as  himfelf;  but  it  is fuch  a  thing  as  never  flood  upon  Salijhury  plain.  I  Ilia  11  only  add  that  one  of  the  moft  en¬ tire  works  of  this  kind  is  ftill  remaining  in  Lewis ,  one  of  the  weftern  iflands  of  Scotland , which  cannot  poflibly  be  imagined  to  have  been  made  by  the  Romans ,  or  any  but  the  an¬ cient  inhabitants  of  thofe  ifles.  See  an  account  and  draught  of  this  in  Martin'' s  defcription of  the  weftern  ifles  of  Scotland  p.  9.  I  am  told  that  Dr.  Stukely  has  by  him,  a  great  many obfervations  on  works  of  this  nature ;  I  wilh  he  would  oblige  the  world  with  them,  for  I  do not  doubt  but  they  are  very  curious.  Dr.  Langwitb. P.  28.  in  the  note  ( n )  corredt  Mr.  Morris  for  Mr.  Gale. P.  29.  Sell.  1.  “  alfo  Caradlicus  and  Aledlus." lam  forry  for  the  fake  of  my  good  old  friend  that  you  fuffered  this  part  of  his  letter  to be  printed  •,  for  there  was  no  Roman  emperor  of  the  name  of  Caradlicus  nor  any  thing  like it-,  Caraufius  comes  the  neareft,  but  he  was  mentioned  before.  I  fancy  the  good  old  gen¬ tleman  meant  Caratacus ,  and  had  forgot  that  he  was  not  a  Roman  emperor,  but  a  Britijh king.  However  I  Ihould  chufe  to  corredt  this  place  by  leaving  out  the  words,  with  Ca¬ raufius,  in  the  feventh  line,  and  by  changing  Caradlicus  and  Aledlus  into  Caraufius  and  Ale  dins in  the  eight  line.  Dr.  Langwitb. P .  43.  Sell.  6.  “  with  this  difference  only,  that  at  Rome  an  ivory  image  was  fubftituted “  of  Severus ,  but  at  York  it  was  done  on  the  real  body  of  Confiantius.  ” There  was  not  that  difference  made,  for  it  was  the  Roman  cuftom  to  bury  the  true  bo¬ dy  with  a  flimptuous  funeral,  but  to  perform  the  lolemnity  of  confecration  upon  an  image done  to  the  life.  This  image  was  not  of  ivory  but  of  wax.  Dr.  Langwitb. Ibid.  Sett.  7.  “  image  of  the  dead  emperor  being  exquifitely  carved  —  was  laid  on  an <c  ivory  bedftead.” The  image  being  of  wax  might  therefore  be  laid  to  be  made,  call:  or  molded,  but  not carved. - It  Ihould  not  be  bedftead  but  bed.  For  all  thefe  particulars  fee  Herodian  in the  original,  for  there  is  a  blunder  in  the  tranflation,  which  runs  thus,  viz.  Certam  imaginem defundlo  quam  fimillimam  fn/gunt ,  whereas  it  fhould  be  ceream ,  for  the  original  is  k^S. Dr.  Langwitb. P.  44.  Sedl.  1.  <c  Whilft  others  reprefented  great  kings  and  princes  in  their  chariots.” Rather  reprefented  thofe  amongft  the  Romans  who  had  commanded  armies  j  or  governed the  empire  with  the  greateft  glory.  Dr.  Langwitb. Ibid.  Sedl.  2.  “  This  was  the  laft  ceremony  of  its  kind,  &c." When  you  wrote  this,  I  believe,  you  were  not  aware  that  the  Apotbeofts  was  not  difcon- tinued  till  confiderahly  above  one  hundred  years  after  that  of  Confiantius  ;  for  not  only  his fon  Confiantine  was  confecrated,  but  feveral  others,  quite  down  to  the  times  of  Placidus  Va- lerianus.  See  Gutherius  de  jure  manium ,  lib.  2.  c.  5.  It  is  probable  they  omitted  fome  parts of  the  old  ceremony  5  but  what,  I  will  not  pretend  to  inform  you.  Confiantine' s  confecra¬ tion  medals  might  have  done  very  well  for  any  of  the  Pagan  emperors.  Dr.  Langwitb. P.  4S.  Sedl.  4.  “  He  not  only  deferted  and  Britain  but  even  Europe .” Fie  did  not  defert  Europe  by  this  ;  for  Byzantium ,  or  Confiantbiople,  is  in  Europe. Dr.  Langwitb. P.  55.  Sedl.  7.  “  The  Sextumvir  of  the  Roman  colony  at  York." As  he  was  a  magiftrate  of  a  colony,  I  Ihould  be  for  translating  it  one  of  the  fix  judges of,  &V.  or  elfe  for  not  tranflating  it  at  all.  Dr.  Langwitb. 7  Y  Ibid. APPENDIX. Ibid.  <c  A  native  or  citizen  of  Bourdeaux  in  France The  people  of  Bourdeaux  were  not  called  Biluriges  Cubi ,  but  Biluriges  Ubifci ;  the  Bituriges Cubi  were  the  people  of  Bern.  See  Hardouin's  notes  on  Pliny ,  //£.  4.  c.  19.  p.  226. P.  58.  Sett.  1.  For  nett  eric  read  nejleric. Ibid.  Sett.  5.  “  Genio  loci  feliciter  [regnan/i]  ” I  cannot  approve  of  regnanti ,  or  any  fuch  word  becaufe  I  think  the  infcription  may  be better  explained  without  them.  Feliciter  was  one  of  the  verba  folennia ,  and  was  often ufed  alone,  to  wifh  p'rofperity  and  good  fuccefs  upon  any  remarkable  occafion,  either  pub- lick  or  private;  and  then  amounts  to  the  lame  as  quod  felix  fanjl  unique  fit ,  or  any  other  of the  like  formulae.  In  the  prefent  cafe  it  is  a  fhort  wifh,  or  prayer,  for  a  happy  ifiue  of  the dedication  of  this  votive  tablet  to  the  genius  of  the  place.  The  party  concerned  had  fome reafon  to  doubt  of  this  ;  for  as  the  deity  was  Britifh  and  he  a  Roman ,  he  could  not  tell  whe¬ ther  his  prefent  would  be  acceptable  or  no  •,  or  however  might  juftly  think  that  a  Britifh  dei¬ ty  would  rather  be  propitious  to  the  Britains  than  the  Romans  their  conquerors.  I  own  that Feliciter  feems  fometimes  to  be  ufed  as  a  word  of  compliment  or  approbation,  but  I  do  not take  that  to  be  the  meaning  of  it  here.  I  fliall  however  give  you  a  few  inftances,  from  good authors,  where  it  is  ufed  fimply,  and  leave  you  to  judge  for  your  felf.  The  firft  fhall  be from  Juvenal ,  upon  the  execrable  marriage  of  Gracchus  to  one  of  his  own  fex  - fgnatae tabulae:  dittum  Feliciter.  Sat.  lib.  1.  Sat.  2.  v.  119.  The  next  from  Suetonius  in  vita Claudii  cap.  7.  acclamante  populo  Ffliciter,  partim patruo  imperatoris,  partim  Germanici fratri.  Again,  m  Domitian,  domino  et  dominae  F e l  i  c  i  t  e  r  .  I  could  give  more  proofs,  but I  fhall  only  add  one  from  Seneca,  Feliciter,  quodagis ,  epijl.  67.  Lipfus ,  upon  this  place would  have  it  to  be  only  a  formula  approbandi  et  in  re  laeta  gratandi:  this  might  admit  of fome  difpute  ;  but  I  think  the  fenfe  of  the  other  will  not  admit  of  any  ;  efpecially  if  we  com¬ pare  them  with  Plutarch  in  Galba ,  y.MzroTt  Six;  xetie,  X)  t  %iiEixg%u)v  ^  ho^oiyuv,  to  'Pu[acuoio cuurfecy  dizv^xv  t to  cturoy.^fro^  T cIkQx.  Cum  ederetur  aliquando  fpettaculum,  tri- bunique  militum  ac  turmarum  duttores  folenne  illud  Romanorum  Feliciter  [felicitatem] Galbae  imperatori  precarentur ,  &c.  Dr.  Langwith. Ibid.  Sett.  7.  “  ISargucft  of  Fork.” I  have  been  fo  often  frightned  with  flories  of  this  H5argueff,  when  I  was  a  child,  that  I cannot  help  throwing  away  an  etymology  upon  it.  I  fuppofe  it  comes  from  the  A.  S.  buph, a  town,  and  gaj-c,  a  ghoft,  and  fo  fignifies  a  town-fprite.  N.  B.  That  jajr  is  in  the  Belgic and  Tent,  foftned  into  dBljCttt  and  .  Dr.  Langwith. P.  60.  Sett.  4.  On  Roman  coins  found  at  York.  “  Whatever  has  been  difeovered  in “  York  of  thefe  curiofities,  both  of  late  years  and  anciently,  are  now  fo  difperfed  that  it  is “  not  pofilble  to  give  any  particular  account  of  them.” Since  the  printing  of  this  fheet  the  reverend  Dr.  Langwith  has  fent  me  a  catalogue  of  Ro¬ man  coins,  from  Augufus  down  to  Gratianus ,  but  not  fucceflively,  found  at  York ,  and  all in  his  own  pofleflion.  Upon  my  enquiring,  how  he  could  aflert  the  truth  of  this?  He  an- fwered,  that  they  were  all  collected  at  York,  partly  by  himfelf  and  partly  by  his  friends,  but efpecially  by  his  father;  who  was  a  ftudious  inquifitive  perfon,  though  not  bred  a  regu¬ lar  fcholar.  His  way  was,  the  doctor  adds,  when  he  met  with  any  thing  curious  at  York  to fecure  it  for  his  fon,  if  pofiible ;  fuch  as  medals,  urns,  &c.  and  fend  them  to  Cambridge. Thus  his  collection  of  Fork  rarities  was  increafing  from  the  year  1700,  in  which  he  went  to Cambridge ,  to  the  year  1723,  in  which  his  father  died.  He  adds,  that  as  his  father  and  his other  friends  lived  altogether  at  York ,  it  is  a  probable  argument  that  what  medals  they  fent were  found  there  -,  but  could  not  be  pofitive  either  for  the  time  when,  or  place  where  they were  firft  found.  And  concludes  on  this  head  with  faying,  that  where  he  was  doubtful  whe¬ ther  a  coin  came  out  of  York ,  or  no,  he  omitted  it  in  the  catalogue ;  and  that  he  had  a  great many  more  brafs  coins  of  the  lower  empire,  which  were  fo  wretched  that  he  did  not  fee them  down,  though  found  at  the  fame  place.  Thus  far  the  doCtor ;  and  I  fhall  only  add, that  as  his  father  lived  at  the  time  when  the  ground  for  gardens  round  about  the  city  was firft  opened,  as  alfo  when  the  fields  out  of  Bootham-bar  were  firft  fearched  into  and  dug  for clay  to  make  brick,  fuch  an  inquifitive  and  diligent  collector  might  amafs  together  a  great number  of  Roman  coin  ;  then  every  day  difeovered.  The  celebrated  Mufeum  of  our  late Leeds  antiquary,  was,  amongft  many  other  curiofities,  greatly  enriched  with  a  number  of Roman  medals,  alfo,  found  here.  For  at  that  time  there  were  few  or  none,  befides Mr.  Yhorefby  and  the  doctor’s  father,  who  made  collections  of  any  fuch  curiofities  in  the county.  The  catalogue  therefore,  boldly,  claims  a  place  in  thefe  addenda and,  notwith- ftanding  there  are  not  many  of  the  rarijfimi ,  or  even  rariores ,  in  it,  yet  I  may  venture  to fay  that  there  is  not  fuch  a  collection  of  Roman  coin,  found  in  one  city  except  Rome ,  and all  in  one  man’s  hands,  in  the  univerfe. Augustus. Ar.  1.  Augultus  Divi  F. Rev.  C.  Caefar  Auguf.  F. Figiira  equejlris  cum  tribus  fgnis  mil. 1 T*be- Agr  ippa. AE.  2.  Agrippa  L.JF.  Cof.  III. Rev.  S.  C. Neptunus  fans,  dextra  delphinum,  fi- nifra  tridentem. APPENDIX. Tiberius. Ar.  3.  Ti.  Caefar  Divi  Aug.  F. Rev.  Pontif.  Maxim. Figura  fedens ,  dextra  hajtam ,  finiftra ramurn  tenern. Germ  anicus. AE.  4.  Germanicus  Caefar  Ti.  Auguf.  F. Divi  Aug.  N. Rev.  SC.  C.  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Solis  typus. 80  . Rev.  Pietas  Aug. 81  . Rev.  Hilaritas  Aug. 82  . Rev.  Victoria  Aug. Tetricus. AE.  83.  Imp.  C.  Tetricus  P.  F.  Aug. Rev.  Spes  publica. S4 . Rev.  Laetitia  Aug.  n. Laetitia ,  dextra  fertum.  finijlra  an- choram. 85.  ...  Salus  Augg. Salutis  typus. Tetricus,  jun. AE.  86.  C.  P.  E.  Tetricus  Caef. Rev.  Pietas  Augg. Va/'a  pontificalia . 87 . Spes. C.  Pivesu  Tetricus. 88.  Rev.  Spes  Augg. 3 N  D  I  X. Claudius  Gothicus, AE.  89.  Imp.  C.  Claudius  Aug. ....  Rev.  Aequitas  Aug. ....  Rev.  Felicitas  Aug. Quintillus. AE.  90.  Imp.  C.  M.  Aur.Cl.  Quintillus  Aug, Rev.  Pax  Augufti. Car  inus. AE.yi.  Imp.  Carinus  P.  F.  Aug. Rev.  Felicit.  Publica. DlOCLET  JANUS. Imp.  C.  C.  Val.  Diocletianus  P.  F, Aug. 92.  Rev.  Jovi  Confer.  Augg. Tyranni  fub  Diocletiano, 1.  Aelianus. AE.gz.  C.  L.  Aelianus  P.  F.  Aug. Rev.  Victoria  Aug. ViSloriae  typus. 2.  Carausius. AE.  94.  Imp.  Caraufius  P.  F.  Aug. Rev.  Pax  Aug. 3.  Ai.lectus. AE.95.  Imp.  Cae.  Allectus  P.  F.  Aug. Rev.  Laetitia  Aug. 96 . Providentia  Aug. Const  antius. AE.  97.  Conftantius  Nobil.  Caefar. Rev.  Genio  Populi  Romani, Flavia  Helena. AE.yS . Helena  Augufta. Rev.  Securitas  Reipublicae. Fla.via  Theodora, AE.  99.  Theodora  Aug. Rev.  Pietas  Romana. Mulier  Jlans  cum  puerulo  laRenle , Maximianus. AE.  100.  Imp.  Maximianus  P.  F.  Aug. Rev.  Genio  Populi  Romani. Maximinus. AE.  101.  Imp.  Maximinus  Aug. Rev.  Genio  Pop.  Rom. Genius  Jlans ,  dextra  pate  ram,  finijlra cornucopiae ,  a  tergo  Jlella  P.  L.  N, Licinius. AE.  102.  Imp.  Licinius  P.  F.  Aug. Rev.  Genio  Pop.  Rom. CoNSTANTlNUS  M. AE.  103.  Conftantinus  P.  F.  Aug. Rev.  Comiti  Augg.  N.  N.  P.L.  N. Sol  gradiens. 104 . Soli  invicto  Comiti.  P.T.  R, Sol. 105.  Conftantinus  Aug. Rev.  D.  N.  Conftantini  Max.  Aug,' S.  T.  * Sertum  in  quo  vot .  XX. 106 . Sarmatia  devicta. Vidloria  gradiens  ad  cujus  pedes  cap - tivus. 107.  Divo  Conftantino  . . . Rev . Pietas. Figura  militaris  flans ,  dextra  hajlam finijlra  globum. 108 . Rev . Quadrigae. Const AN' XI APPENDIX. Constant inus  jun. AE.  109.  J.  Conftantinus  jun.  Nob.  C. Rev.  Caefurum  Noftrorum  Vot.X. T.  R. no.  ...  Dominor.  noftror.  Caef. Vot.X. 111.  ...  Providen  tiie  CaefT.  P.  Lon. Arx.  vel  forte  borrea  publica. Const  ans. AE.  1 12.  D.  N.  Conftans  P.  F.  Aug. Fel.  Temp.  Reparatio. Figura  militaris  fans  in  navi ,  dex¬ tra  viEtoriolain ,  finijtra  labarum . Victoria  navem gubernat. 1 13 . Rev.  Eadem  epigraphe. Phoenix  radiatus  monti  vel  fortaffe rogo  infftens. 113.  Ir.  Phoenix globo  infftens. 1 14.  It.  Imp.  manu  globumgerens. 1 15.  It.  Figura  militaris,  finijtra  haft  am tenens ,  dextra  parvulum  ex  antro , vel  pergula  ducens. CONSTANTIUS. 1 1 6.  D.N.  Conftantius  P.  F.  Aug. Rev.  Fel.  Temp.  Reparatio. Figura ;  militaris  in  navi ,  dextra  glo- butn  cum  P  hoe  nice,  fniftra  laba¬ rum  in  quo  ^ ,  ad  pedes  victoria navim  gubernans. Macnentius. AE.  11 7.  D.  N.  Magnentius  P.  F.  Aug. Rev.  Salus  D.  D.  N.  N.  et  Caef. A  £u. 1 1 8.  ....  Victoria  D.  D.  N.  N.  Augg. et  CaelT. Duae  viltoriae  clypeum  tenentes  in in  quo  Vot.  V.  mult.  X. Juli  anus. Ar  1 19.  D.  N.  FI.  Cl.  Julianus  P.  F.  Aug. Rev.  Vot.  X.  Mult.  XX.  P.Conlh AE.  ....  Rev.  Votis  X.  mult.  XX. Heracl.  a. Valentinianus. AE.  120.  Valentinianus  P.  F.  Aug. Rev.  Gloria  Romanorum. Figura  mil.  dextra  captivum  crinibus trahens ,  fniftra  labartm  tenens . 1 2 1 .  D.N.  Valentinianus  P.  F.  Aug. Rev.  Securitas  Reipublicae.  S— SIS. Valens. AE.  122.  D.  N.  Valens  P.  F.  Aug. Rev.  Securitas  Reipublicae  OF.  I. Victoria  gradiens,  dextra  ferlum ,  f- niftra  palmam. 122 . Rev.  Gloria  Romanorum OF.  II. Miles  fniftra  labarum  tenens ,  dextra captivum  profternens. Gratianus. AE.  124.  D.N.  Gratianus  Augg.  Aug. Gloria  Novi  Saeculi  OF.  III.  Con. Figura  militaris  flans ,  dextra  laba¬ rum  cum  Monogrammale  ^  ,f- nifra  clypeum. P.  60.  Sect.  4.  “  a  gold  ChrifpusP  Dele  (h). P.61.  Sell:  5.  “  It  is  a  Beryl  on  which  is  engraven,  as  I  think,  a  Pallas." This  curiofity,  the  laft  time  I  had  the  honcnir  to  fhew  it  to  the  antiquarian  fociety,  when I  prefented  it  to  their  col  left  ion,  was  judged  by  Mr.  Bowman  to  be  a  reprefentation  of Minerva  Medica.  That  gentleman  being  a  great  connoiffeur  in  thefe  matters  I  lent  his opinion  of  it  to  the  reverend  Dr.  Langwith ,  for  his  approbation  ;  whofe  reafons  for  differ¬ ing  from  him  in  it  I  fhall  fubjoin  in  his  own  words  as  follows,  viz. “  Good  Sir , “  "II/H  E  N  I  wrote  to  you  laft  I  told  you  that  a  fudden  thought  had  ftiot  in  my  head VV  “  which  I  committed  to  paper  that  minute,  and  fent  away  by  the  poft  :  it  was, iC  that  the  figure  upon  your  antique  ftone  reprefents  Bellona.  I  cannot  help  laying  that  I  was “  pleafed  with  the  thought,  as  the  ftone  was  found  lo  very  near  the  place  where  you  ima- “  gine  Bellona’' s  temple  to  have  flood ;  and  I  own  I  am  loth  to  give  it  up  without  good “  reafons  for  fo  doing.  You  tell  me  that  an  eminent  member  of  the  fociety  of  antiquaries “  imagines  the  figure  to  be  Minerva  Medica.  The  great  charatfter  you  give  this  gentle- “  man  is  enough  to  make  me  diffident  of  my  own  opinion,  but  not  enough  to  make  me “  fall  in  with  his;  for  the  air  of  this  figure  feems  to  me  to  be  fo  violent  and  mannilfi,  and “  the  garment  fo  raifed  and  indecent  that  I  cannot  think  it  proper  to  reprefen t  Minerva  in “.her  medical  capacity,  or  indeed  as  concerned  in  any  thing  but  what  relates  to  war.  Mi- “  hirva  confidered  in  this  laft ‘view  is  indeed  generally  reprefented  in  violent  abtion  •,  as “  marching  like  Mars ,  or  lifting  up  her  arm  as  if  Ihe  were  going  to  dart  the  javelin  or “  perhaps  the  thunderbolt ;  but  when  fhe  is  confidered  as  Minerva  Medica ,  her  garments “-come  down  to  her  feet,  and  her  pofture  is  grave  and  fteady,  lor  fhe  is  commonly  fitting, “  or  elfe  Handing  without  any  aftion,  except  perhaps  that  of  ficrificing,  or  of  reaching “  out  fomethlng  to  a  fnake  which  you  very  well  know  is  the  grand  fymbol  of  health.  The “  ancients  feem  to  have  intimated  by  thefe  fixt  poftures  that  their  fupplications  were  for “-fuch  a  ftate  Of  health  as  would  be  fteady  and  lafting.  If  I  guefs  right,  the  main  reafon “  that  determined  this  learned  gentleman  to  think  this  figure  to  be  Minerva  Medica  mull  be “  taken  from  the  ferpent  on  this  ftone  •,  but,  with  fubmiffion,  this  does  not  feem  to  me “  to  be  fuffici'ent.  Indeed  if  Minerva  had  held  it  in  her  hand;  or  had  been  offering  any “  thing  to  it,  the  cafe  would  not  have  admitted  of  any  difpute  •,  but  fince  the  ferpent  on- “  ly  exerts  itfelf  from  the  fhield,  it  may  be  Well  imagined  that  it  was  placed  there  for  no- “  thing  but  a  tMrk  of  diftiri&iort  •,  to  fhew  that  the  fhield  is  the  aegis,  and  fhe  by  whom “  it  Hands, is  the  goddefs  Minerva.  If  you  fay  that  her  aegis  had  many  ferpents  upon  it; ,  “  I  own 4 APPENDIX. “  I  own  it  is  true  -,  but  the  fignet  was  too  final  1  toexprefs  them,  and  fo  the  engraver  chofe “  to  reprefent  them  by  one-,  juft  as  a  whole  army  is  in  fome  fmall  antiques  exhibited  by “  two  or  three  figures.  What  is  faid  of  this  fignet  holds  alfo  in  coins,  in  fome  of  which “  there  is  only  a  (ingle  fnake  upon  Minerva' s  fhield,  even  when  fhe  is  reprefented  in  fucft “  a  manner  that  (he  cannot  eafily  be  taken  for  Minerva  medica. “  Perhaps  you  may  think  by  this  time  that  I  am  arguing  againft  my  felf,  and  proving <c  that  the  figure  is,  not  Bellona ,  but  Minerva  :  I  mult  therefore  explain  my  felf  by  ac- “  quainting  you  that  I  take  the  Minerva  Bellica  and  the  goddcfs  Bellona  to  be  the  fame, “  and  that  I  am  not  alone  in  this  opinion.  For  Bellona  may  be  taken  either  for  the  god- “  defs  of  war,  or  the  fury  of  war:  in  the  former  cafe,  file  is  armed  like  Minerva  with “  the  helmet,  lhield  and  fpear,  as  I  can  prove  from  good  authority  -,  in  fliort  I  know  of “  no  marks  of  diftinCtion:  but  when  fhe  is  confidered  as  the  fury  of  war,  fhe  makes  a “  quite  different  figure  :  her  hair  then  inftead  of  being  confined  under  the  helmet,  is  difhe- “  veiled,  and  befmeared  with  blood :  fhe  carries  in  her  hands  fwords,  fcithes,  burning **  torches  and  bloody  fcourges,  all  terrible  emblems  of  havock  and  defolation,  and  is  in  all “  refpeCts  more  like  a  fiend  from  hell  than  a  goddefs.  Bellona  in  this  view  is  as  different “  from  Minerva  as  madnefs  and  barbarity  are  from  wifdom  and  magnanimity. “  1  think  I  could  have  given  you  very  plain  proofs  for  the  truth  of  every  thing  that  I  have “  advanced,  had  I  not  been  afraid  of  being  tedious :  however  I  (hall  lend  them  at  any “  time  if  you  defire  it.  I  fhall  only  take  notice  that  if  yoijr  notions  about  the  fite  of  Bel- “  Iona's  temple,  and  mine  about  the  goddefs  her  felf  are  right-,  your  intaglio  may,  for “  ought  you  know,  have  been  ufed  as  a  fignet  by  a  prieft  of  Bellona  as  well  as  a  monk “  of  St.  Mary's .  Let  this  pafs  a  fancy,  for  I  defigned  it  for  nothing  elfe. “  N.  B.  There  feems  to  be  a  difagreement  amongft  authors  about  the  aegis ,  for  fome c‘  will  have  it  to  be  her  fhield,  others  the lorica,  which  alfo  had  the  gorgon’s  head  upon  it; “  but  matters  are  eafily  fet  right,  for  it  is  plain  enough  that  both  the  Jhield  and  lorica  were “  called  by  the  name  of  aegis. Pelworth ,  Feb.  29,  1735-6. “  P.  S.  I  hope  it  will  not  be  thought  foreign  to  the  fubjeCt  if  I  take  notice,  that  as “  Minerva  was  the  tutelar  goddefs  of  health  by  the  name  of  Medica  among  the  Romans,  fhe te  was  the  fame  among  the  Greeks  by  the  name  of'ry/tt£».  I  the  rather  take  notice  of  this, “  becaufe  from  their  cuftoms  we  may  conjecture  what  that  round  thing  is,  which  we  fee  often “  offered  to  the  fnake  *,  for  when  it  is  hollow  we  may  fairly  conclude  it  to  be  the  poculum “  falutis,  when  fiat  it  is  a  kind  of  placenta  made  of  flower,  oil  and  wine,  both  which,  as “  well  as  the  goddefs,  went  amongft  the  Greeks  by  the  name  of  T yleux,." j P.  6 1.  Sett.  6.  “  and  by  calling  i tfecretum,  or  private  Teiil  he  feemed  to  place  greater “  confidence  in  this  than  his  publick  one.  " Being  ignorant  of  the  nature  of  thefe  antient  feals  I  ufed  -this  expreffion.  But  fincethe printing  of  this  fheet,  I  have  been  favoured  with  the  loan  of  a  molt  curious  manulcript, wrote  by  the  celebrated  Mr.  Anjlis  on  the  antiquity,  form,  and  ufe  of  feals.  Whereby  I find  that  this  practice  of  making  ufe  of  Roman  gems,  for  more  modern  feals,  was  very common,  amongft  our  eccleliafticks  and  kicks,  in  the  later  ages.  And  when  inferibed  Je- cretum ,  &c.  was  ufed  as  the  counterfeal  to  the  deed;  to  prevent  any  poflibility  of  imita¬ ting  both  fides  of  the  leal.  It  was,  alfo,  very  frequent  for  the  religious  in  thofe  days  to miftake  a  Roman  deity,  lady,  or  emperor,  for  fome  Cbrijlian  reprefentation.  The  feal  of an  abbot  of  Selby  is  an  unaccountable  proof  of  their  ignorance  in  thefe  matters ;  which  has for  its  reverfe  the  imprefiion  of  the  head  of  Honorius  the  Roman  emperor,  with  this  very inicription  round  it,  D.  HONORIUS  AUG.  and  yet  his  ignorance  and  fuperftition fuffered  him  to  miftake  it  for  the  head  of  Cbrifi\  and  there  is  actually  a  rim  put  round it,  oil'  which  he  caufed  to  be  inferibed,  in  very  bad  Latin,  alfo,  EAPUD  j)OC  ERIS- TUS  16  ST.  But  the  counter  feal  of  Roger  archbifhop  of  -Fork  betrays  the  profound  ig¬ norance  of  thofe  times  beyond  belief,  that  a  perfon  of  his  eminence,  in  church  and  ftate, Ihould  know  no  better  than  to  miftake  three  heads,  cut  on  a  Roman  gem,  one  young,  an¬ other  middle  aged,  and  the  other  bald,  which  as  the  learned  author  of  the  manufeript  ob- ferves,  were  probably  defigned  for  the  buft  of  Minerva ,  which  fometimes  was  reprefented with  the  heads  of  Socrates  and  Plato ,  *  for  the  holy  Trinity.  This  is  evident  by  the  inferip- tion  the  piety  of  the  prelate  caufed  to  be  put  round  the  verge',  EAPUT  NOSTR.  TRI¬ NIT  AS  GST.  Thefe  two  original  impreflions  are  in  the  duchy  of  Lancajlcr' s  officeamongft many  more  ol  the  like  kind,  in  that  great  magazine  of  antient  deeds  depofited  in  it.  I fhall  only  obferve  further  what  the  fame  learned  gentleman  has  told  me,  that  all,  or  rhoft of  thefe  feals,  or  counter-feals,  with  Roman  gems  that  he  has  yet  feen  were  of  -York,  or  the neighbourhood  of  it ;  where  he  fuppofes  the  greateft  number  of  thefe  antique  curiofities  were then  found. P.  62.  Sett.  2.  “  I  was  led  into  the  ftory  and  reading  of  this  feal  by  that  excellent  an- “  tiquary  Roger  Gale,'  efq;” 1  am  mightily  pleafed  with  the  fagacity  and  ingenuity  which  Mr.  Gale  has  fhewn  on *  See  the  feal  at  the  end  of  this  appendix.  The  heads  ate  judged  to  be  of  a  chimera. xii this xiii A  P  P  E  N  D  I  X. this  explanation  of  your  feal  •,  however  I  Ihall  venture  to  make  an  obfervation  or  two  upon it :  the  legs  are  faid  to  be  fatyr's  legs,  methinks  then  the  feet  lhould  be  fo  too,  which  they  are not,  for  they  have  claws  upon  them.  That  which  is  called  a  flaming  torch  feems  to  me to  be  rather  a  branch  of  myrtle,  the  tree  facred  to  Venus.  As  to  the  F.  C.  I  lhould  read  it fafdnum  confecrat ;  for  I  think  it  will  agree  better  with  the  reprefentation  which  is  deflgned to  be  as  obfcene  and  fatyrical  as  poflible.  Dr.  Langwith. Ibid.  Sett.  14. The  author  of  this  work  obferves  that  the  fame  intaglio  is  all'o  reprefented  in Gorlaeus,  cut on  an  onyx.  That  author  calls  it  Belleropbon  and  Cbimaera  -,  and  adds  that  the  lfory  is  thus reprefented  on  feveral  Corinthian  coins.  Abrahami  Gorlaci  dadlyliothecae  pars  i.n.  2. P .  63.  Seft.  5.  tc  The  plate  reprefents  both.” In  an  additional  plate  of  Roman  analeCts  found  at  York  and  Aldburgh ,  drawings  of  which have  been  fent  me  fince  the  engraving  of  the  former,  and  which  I  chufe  to  place  here,  are the  prints  of  two  more  intaglios  from  Dr.  Langwith* s  collection,  marked  1  and  2  in  the plate.  They  are  cut  on  Cornelians,  but  by  a  very  indifferent  artift:  the  firft  reprefents  a military  figure  hanging  up  a  trophy  on  a  laurel  •,  the  fecond  a  difarmed  foldier  or  gla¬ diator  repofing  himfeif  upon  the  dump  of  a  dree  and  feems  to  be  in  a  pollute  of  refigning  his very  helmet,  which  he  holds  in  his  left  hand. P.  66.  Sett.  4.  “  Et  querimur,  &c.” Here  has  been  a  ftrange  flip  of  the  prefs,  or  my  pen-,  the  lines  lhould  run  thus, Et  querimur,  genus  infelix,  humana  labare Membra  aevo,  cum  regnapalam  moriantur  et  urbes. References  to  the  additional  plate. Found  at  York,  now  in  the  AJhmolean  Mufeum. 3.  A  Roman  enamel  chequered,  found  with  certain  urns. 4.  A  Roman  lamp. 5.  The  leg  of  a  Tripos,  brafs. 6.  A  Roman  ring  of  jet  found  in  digging  clay  for  bricks,  with  urns. In  Dr.  Lang  wit  Vs  collection. 7.  A  Roman  patera,  the  fame  fize  with  the  original. 8.  A  curious  Roman  urn,  the  original  eight  inches  high,  the  colour  of  the  clay  a  yel- lowifh  brown.  I  have  the  fragments  of  another  urn  at  York,  entirely  this  fhape  and  fize,  but the  colour  a  blewilh  grey. 9.  The  flew  of  an  Hypocauftum.  This  is  exaCtly  a  Roman  foot  in  height,  the  other  parts in  proportion.  The  doCtor  obferves  that  the  Hypocaujlum,  which  this  was  defigned  for, mull  have  been  fuch  a  one  as  that  defcribed  in  the  Phil,  tranf.  n.  30 6. 10.  11.  Two  other  draughts  of  urns;  the  doftor  adds,  that  he  has  other  urns  of  diffe¬ rent  lhapes,  fizes,  and  materials  found  in  the  Roman  burying  place  at  York ,  but  thefe  be¬ ing  the  moll  curious  he  fent  thefe  draughts.  He  ftrongly  fufpeCts  that  there  was  a  Roman pottery  as  well  as  a  burying-place  at  or  near  where  thele  urns,  &.  are,  and  wifhes  it  was carefully  obferved  with  that  view. In  the  doClor’s  Mufeum  is  likewife  a  round  (tone  ball,  which  Mr.  Tkorejby  calls  an  bar- paflum  p.  563.  a  name  which  can  by  no  means  agree  with  it,  for  it  is 'fitter  to  knock  a man’s  brains  out  than  to  play  withal.  Alfo, A  brafs  ring  found  in  the  place  above.  It  is  big  enough  for  an  ordinary  man’s  wrift, and  was  perhaps  formerly  put  about  that  of  a  Have. A  Roman  bead  found  in  the  fame  place.  It  is  of  a  reddifh  colour  and  looks  as  if  it  were made  of  baked  earth ;  but  it  is  enamelled  with  yellow  and  green  which  looks  like  glafs ; the  fize  of  it  is  much  the  fame  with  n.  24.  in  your  plate  of  antiquities.  Mr.  Thorefby  fan¬ cies  thefe  kinds  of  beads  to  be  like  the  adder's  beads ;  but  I  have  feveral  of  thefe  in  my collection,  and  cannot  fee  any  refemblance.  I  cannot  help  taking  notice  that  one  of  my adder* s-beads  has  a  jufter  title  to  that  name  than  any  that  I  ever  faw  or  read  of ;  and  I  lhould fend  you  an  account  of  it  with  plealure,  if  it  had  been  found  any  where  about  York ;  buc as  it  was  lately  fent  me  from  the  north  of  Scotland  by  my  brother,  and  fo  is  foreign  to  your purpofe,  I  fhall  fay  no  more  of  it.  Dr.  Langwith. Roman  curiofities  found  at  Aldburgh,  which  there  was  not  room  to  infert  in  the  former  plate, or  have  been  difcovered  fince. 12,  13.  Two  bafes  of  columns  of  the  regular  orders  found  on  Burrough-hill. 14.  A  flew  of  an  hypocaujlum  of  the  fame  fize  of  the  former  found  at  York. 15.  Another  part  of  the  Roman  pavement  on  the  hill. 16.  17.  Two  drawings  backwards  and  forwards,  of  a  mod  curious  penfile  Roman  lamp of  brafs  found  about  a  year  ago.  It  is  drawn  to  the  fize  ;  and  is  not  to  be  matched  with  any in  Licetus  or  *  Monfau con's  large  collection  of  them.  The  pofture  feems  to  be  that  of  a  young Have  afleep,  fitting  on  a  modius ,  or  bufhel.  To  the  rings  about  thelhoulders  was  faftned  the feveral  chains,  by  which,  when  conjoined,  it  hung  in  equilibria.  To  the  feat  betwixt  the 4  Licetus,  it  lucernis  antiquoruin. legs This  curiofity  iss  at  pre- appendix. legs  was  alfo  fattened  a  proper  inttrumenr  for  trimming  the  lamp, fent,  in  the  poffeffion  of  Andrew  mikinfon  of  Burrougbbridge  efq  , P.  65.  Sea.  7.  “  and  put  on  the  habit  of  a  jefter  ” If  the  word  in  the  original  b  emulator,  often  con  traded  to  iuglator,  it  f, unifies  a upon  a  c.mbal  s  and  11,11  termed  in  France  jo„Blcur0.  The  trinttation  of  tanl, of  Ar trnr  s  coronation,  3ogclt.ur*  lucre  tfjcrc  inoufj,  &c.  In  Doomefday  in  Gloucelieflhire  is  ha, later  regis.  Chaucer’S,  tranflat.on  of  the  Romance  of  the  rofe,  ilafotn*  m“XdT ZZZ i68>  *■*■* g,„d  ..to...,  fide,  .„d  fo  inltMd  of  cniring  i.,ol  di  p„"  uS the  fubjeft  which  would  be  a  very  merry  one,  I  Ihall  endeavour  to  compromife  the  mat er,  by  fuppofing  that  the  breeches  were  of  leather,  but  with  thehair,  fu'rr,  orrouehfide turned  outwards.  After  all,  fince  our  northern  anceftors  were  pleafed  to  give  merry  names’ I  don  t  fee  why  we  their  pofterity  Ihould  not  laugh  at  them  X  ’ m  Li™ ,7  ynU  haeC  ?-ken  fo  little  notice  of  our  towns-man  K.  Guthram  who  feems to  me  to  have  been  the  kmg-paramont  of  Denmark  when  the  application  was  made  bv fr  eir;  A&A  called  G°de™:  his  quality  mutt  have  been  very  confideraWe Zrt.eZ'ZtDXn,  S;S.D  “  ^  . . «  “ ‘  Hef^vfbfr'  3'  a  Piece  of  Sround  called  lBa£tlc--flat8  to  this  day,” Wear  what  an  hiftonan,  near  contemporary  with  thefe  times,  fays  of  this  field  of  battle Locus  etiam  belli  pcrtranfeuntibus  evidenter  patet ,  ubi  magna  congeries  odium  mortuorum  ul'nue P  %“  '"tr  nime-  mU“iflids  exhibit.  OrdetTliaTfp  Jo A  mfll-d  p  Z  exfPt,nS  our  countryman  i?.  Hmoeden  who  was  a  layman  ”  ' abtz  ti:  "rsr a  fecu,ar  pncftand  chap,ain  to  He,,ry  u- P.  90.  Sell.  2.  “  —excepit  et  ingemuil ;  adde „  „  Quapropler  mullis  minis  quajfata,  ultima  pejle,  &c. «  tiom”  *  3'  "  °r  tr0ub,e  the  reader  Wlth  any  more  proofs  to  make  good  my  affer- Since  the  printing  off  this  fheet  Mr.  Anjlis  fhewed  me  a  very  antient  rhumb  h.ft  • whattounlhed  about  the  year  troo;  Ordericus  Vitalis  Uticenfis ,  a  monk  of  StM cidentV^n’  ?  cails  him.  This  man  being  near  contemporary  with  this  ac* Spat, a  centum  milliarum  caftra  ejus  diffunduntur.  Plerofoue  gladio  vhtdiee  ferit  alinrum rebus  omnibus  concremat.  ^uZtjaTrZ .  ■  UJ“S  eP  Gultelmus,  hie  turpiter  vmofuccubuit ,  dum  iram  fuam  revere  contempt mnocuofque  par,  cmmadverfione peremit.  Juffit  enim ,  ira  Jlimulante, fegftibus  et  pecLbus cum vafis  e  ommgenere  ahmentorum  repleri,  et  igne  injeClo  penitus  omnia  jtmul  comburi  ■  et  ftc  Z iziz- ~£, Zis'foZn  Vern“"leS'  “  afl°r‘do\f^X%a^s ’Pic  “unrividlrW^^Z'j^a Pr  Jl  L :::z  ssgzz  tr ac  *** ffi “  abk  towefs'”'  “  ~  h°UfC  °{  Jmm5  ’  which  d’ough  ftrongly  fortified  with  confider- — -  *- P.  96,  Sea.  4,  ‘S  And  after  having  taken  a  hundred  hoftages  of  the  city  £*  ” “  fen  tJ'Jcf'  2'  “  that  the  ^  MT°rk  Carrkd  °"  their  old  trade  of  ofoty  there  is  evi- The  grant  to  milium  Latimer  here  mentioned  is  loft;  but  in  a  lemer-book  antientlv with  &  “flS  h^fgTre°fth',r  m°rt8ageS'0n  landS’  in  “Ur  nciShb°urh0od, Ex S  A XV appendix. Ex  regijlro  original!  di  Fontibus  hot  tempore  peats  me.  p.  465.  ©reiictjamcrfott. tt  ^vMriibus  hoc  feriptum  vifuris  vcl  audituris  Alanus  filius  Alexandra  de  Hamerton  fa  lutein. W  “  Noveritis  quod  ego  vendidi  monachis  de  Fontibus  duas  bovatas  terre  in  territorio “  de  Hamerton  cum  toftis  et  croftis  infra  villam  et  extra  ;  iilas,  fciiicet,  quas'prius  habu- “  erunt  de  me  ad  termimim,  pro  decern  marcis  argenti  quas  pacaverunt  pro  me  arfcllo “  3uB(0  (£1102.  cui  obligatus  eram.  Ita  quod  fi  ego,  vel  heredes  mei,  aut  aliquis  alius,  cla- <c  niium  vel  calumpniam,  gravamen  vel  moleftiam,  verfus  predi&os  monachos  de  predicta “  terra  cum  pertinentiis  unquam . licebit  eifdem  monachis  cartam  meam  cum  talliis “  de  predicfta  pecunia,  quas  habent  penes  fe,  prefato  %mo  vel  heredibus  fuis  reddere-,  li- «  Cebit  etiam  eidem  guOCO  vel  heredibus  fuis,  fine  aliqua  contradiftione,  preiatam  terramm “  manu  fua  faifire,  donee  de  tanta  pecunia  eifdem  monachis  fuerit  fatisfaft. “  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  prefenti  feripto  figillum  meum  appofui. «  miielmo  de  Hamerton ,  Alano  de  Kyrkeby,  Roberto  de  Muncketon,  Cbriftianis,  iconc  rpifv a  cope,  HaCOll  tt  3o(£(0  3CuDCtS  Cb02-  et  multis  aliis. OMnibus  ad  quos  prefens  feriptum  pervenerit  HrfclltlS  filius  giamfonis  3ut)CUS  <£b0J. >t  falutem.  Noveritis  quod  Alanus  filius  Alexandri  de  Hamerton  et  heredes  lui  funt tt  quieti  de  omnibus  debitis  et  demandis  in  quibus  idem  Alanus  unquam  michi  tenebatur ab  initio  feculi  ufque  ad  feflum  fanfti  Michaelis  anno  gratie  Sp.CC.  tncefimo  oftavo, t‘  1238. tt  jn  cujus  rei  teftimonium  prefens  feriptum  littera  mea  lijsljrtuca  confignavi. OMnibus  ad  quos  prefens  feriptum  pervenerit  ClrfdlUS  filius  (SiimfoniS  3iUtlCUS  Choi. 1  falutem  Noveritis  me  quietum  clamafle  de  me  et  heredibus  meis  in  perpetuum ,<  monachis  de  Fontibus,  duas  bovatas  terre  cum  pertinentiis  in  territorio  de  Hamerton , ..  QUas  Alanus  filius  Alex,  de  Hamerton  eis  vendidit.  Ita  quod  ego  vel  heredes  mei  verfus “  prediftas  duas  bovatas  mchil  exigere  poffumus  aliquo  tempore  occafione  alicujus  debit, tt  quod  prediftus  Alanus  unquam  nobis  debuit  ab  initio  feculi  ufque  ad  finem  ieculi. “  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  prefens  feriptum  littera  mea  Cb2apta  confignavi. The  lews  made  ufe  of  no  Teals  where  the  figure  was  prominent  or  convex  on  the  wax,  as forbid  by  their  laws;  fo  I  fuppofe  this  man,  as  well  as  others  f.gned  his  own  Jname,  or fome  other  word,  in  Hebrew,  as  a  teftimony,  mflead  of  a  feal  But  Mr  Anjlis,  in  Ins excellent  manufeript  treatife  of  antient  feals,  obferves  that  they  fomet.mes  ufed  fignatures which  made  a  concave  impreflion,  and  brings  this  quotation  out  of  Matmomdes  to  prove  it, dnnulum  cujus  fignum  ell  hominis  fgttra ,  ft  ea  fit  gibbofa  tnduere  interdiatur ,  obfignare tamen  eo  licet ;  feu  figura  ft  depreffa  licebit  induere,  obfignare  eo  non  item  ;  quippe  fgillo  im- ■orefTo  frura  fiet  gibbofa.  Maimonides  de  idolat.  e.  j.  n.  13. 1  JEgj.  “  Antio  1261.  After  Chriftmas  that  year,  viz.  Jan.  9.  a  great  earthquake  was “  felt  at  York  and  parts  adjacent.  R.  Hoveden." P.  101.  Sett.  1.  “  lord  William  Airmine.’’ milium  Airmine  under  Ed.  It.  was  a  clergyman,  and  chaplain  to  the  king.  Rot.  Pipe 14  Ed.  II.  afterwards  made  bifhop  of - Ibid  Sett.  4.  “  was  fentenced  to  be  beheaded.” This  judgment  is  enrolled  in  the  king’s  bench  in  Hillary-term,  iS  Edward  II.  rot.  34. Ibid.  Sett.  5.  “  made  prince  of  Wales  and  duke  of  Aquitain. " Miftake,  whereof  fee  Vincent  againft  Brook  p.  no,  n  1. Ibid  Sett.  6.  “  amongtt  whom  was  John  earl  of  Richmond.  , This  earl  of  Richmond  was  John  de  Dreux ,  duke  of  Britain  •,  thus  taken  pnfoner  on  the fecond  of  the  ides  of  Ottober  ;  and  kept  by  the  Scotch  for  three  years.  Mr.  Anjlis.  _ P  104  Sett  4  This  (lory  of  the  penetrating  bifhop  and  given  by  a  grave  divine. I  hope  the  manes  of  this  induftrious  antiquary  will  not  be  diftutbed  for  calling  him  fo ; all  mull  own  he  had  gravity  and  learning  enough  for  a  divine,  though,  as  I  have  fince  been informed  he  was  never  initiated  to  that  fpiritual  funChon.  ,  • P  iov  Sett.  4.  It  appears  in  Cotton' s  collections,  publirtied  by  Prynn ,  that  in  the  reians of  Edward  II.  and  Edward  III.  there  were  no  lefs  than  twelve  parliaments  held  at  York under  theft  years  3,  8,  .2,  .2,  .3.  >5  o(  Edward  II.  and  1,  2,  6,  7>  9.  10  of  Ei- 'ward  III.  „  ,  .  „ P  107.  Sett.  2.  “  For  he  being  of  a  deeper  reach  in  politicks.  _ The  earl  marfhal  was  too  young  for  having  then  a  great  reach  in  politicks ;  it  appears bv  rot  tarl.  2  H.  m.  4.  that  he  was  underage  at  his  execution.  Mr  Anjtis  .  „ Ibid  Sett  3  “  But  his  head,  fixed  upon  a  ftakc,  flood  long  on  the  walls  of  the  city. It  was  placed  on  the  bridge  for  the  writ  in  the  tower  for  removing  it  has  thefe  words. XVI appendix. quod  cuflodes  civitatis  Eborum  caput  Thomae  mper  Marefchal]i,.y!^fr  pontem pofitum,  latori praefentium  liberent.  Clauf.  6  Hen.  IV.  m,  2.  (tat.  Aug.  6.  Mr.  Anflis. P.  108.  Self.  8.  “  to  ficze  and  confifeate  the  eftate  and  effefts  of  Thomas  lord  Scrope  of Maffam.” The  proceedings  in  this  matter  taken  in  the  city  follow  in  thefe  words,  from  their  re- gifters,  . u  Die  Mercurii  viz.  ultima  die  menfis  Julii  anno  Domini  millefimo  quadringentefimo “  decimo  quinto  et  regni  regis  Henrici  quinti  poll  conqueftum  Angliae  anno  tertio.  Donii- “  mis  Richar.ius  d' York  comes  Cantabrigiae  frater  honorabilis  ducis  domini  Edwardi  ducis 4t  Ebor.  necnon  dominus  Henncus  dominus  Lejlrop  dc  lAaJhcun ,  quern  dnffus  uominus  lex «<  pius  ulijs  diligebat,  et  cui  contra  quam  plures  fibi  emulos  gratitudinis  maxime  infignia “  exhibebat,  et  dominus  Thomas  Gray  tie  Heton  arreflati  fuerunt  apud  caftrum  de  Porlheflre “  juxta  Southampton,  pro  quibufdam  proditionibus  contra  ligeantiam  fuam  in  deftrufti- “onem  perfonae  difti  domini  noflri  regis  nequiter  praeexcogitatis,  et  per  ipfos  fponte “  voluntarie  et  fine  vi  publice  confeffatis,  et  poll  modum  die  Lunae,  viz.  quinto  die  men- “  fis  Augujti  annis  domini  et  regis  praediftis,  iidem  domini  Ricbardus  Henricus  et  Thomas “  apud  Southampton,  caufante  prodidone  eorum  fuerunt  adjudicati  morti  et  pollea  decollati, “  et  caput  difti  domini  Henrici  Lejlrop  pofitum  fuper  portail!1  de  JjJtclicUytlj  Ebor.  poll  cu- “jus  mortem,  mllielmus  Al.ne  tunc  major  et  efcaetor  infra  civitatem  et  fuburbia  ac  pro- 11  cinftuin  civitatis  Ebor.  quam  plura  bona  ejufdem  domini  Lejlrop  in  thelaurario  eccle- •  1  flae  cathedralis  Ebor.  exiflentia,  ad  ufum  domini  noftri  regis  praedifti  confilcari  nitebatur et  illuc  veniens  ibidem  invenit  johamstm  Waterton  armigerum  et  Petrum  de  la  Hay,  cfcae- 11  tores  domini  regis  in  comitatu  Ebor.  de  bonis  praediftis  fe  intromittentes,  et  hoc  com- <1  perto,  diftus  mllielmus  Alne  major  et  efcaetor  praediftus  in  prefentia  nonnullorum  civi- 11  urn  diftae  civitatis  eis  inhibuic,  ne  quidquam  attemptare  praefumerent.  Quod  liber- «i  tatem  ejufdem  civitatis  cum  ex  concellionc  nonnullorum  regum  et  confirmationum “  praefad  domini-noftri  regis  Angliae.  officium  efcaetoris  in  quibufcunque  locis  diftae  civi- *i  tatis  fuburbiifque  et  procinctu  ejufdem,  ubilibet  ad  majorem  ditfcae  civitatis  qui  pro “  tempore  fuerit,  pertinuit  et  debet  pertinere.  Et  memoratus  Johannes  Waterton  afiferuit 11  quod  non  erat  intentionis  fuae  libertatibus  ipfius  civitatis  praejudicare  in  aliquo  :  imo  hoc <1  quod  in  hoc  cafu  facere  videbatur  id  fecit  virtute  quarundam  literarum  domini  nolln  re- “  ms  fibi  fpecialiter  direftarum  quas  oilendit  ibidem  et  earum  tenor  fequitur  et  eft  tails  : 11  henricus  Dei  gratia  rex  Angliae  et  Franciae ,  et  dominus  Htbennae  dilefto  fibi  Johann ‘1  Waterton  armigero  falutem.  Sciatis  quod  quibufdam  certis  de  caufis  nos  ad  praefens  fpe- cialiter  movenabus  affignavimus  vos  ad  omnia  et  ftngula  bona  et  cattalla  quae  fuerunt “  Henrici  Lefcrop  qui  erga  nos  et  ligeantiam  noftram  forisfecit,  et  quae  occafione  ilia  no- “  bis  pertinent  et  pertinere  debent,  ubicunque  fuerint  invents,  fine  dilatione  arreftandum, <1  et  e.i  fub  hnjufinodi  arrefto  quoufque  aliud  inde  duxerim'us  demandandum  falvo  et  fecure .1  cuftodiendum  feu  cuftodiri  faciendum.  Et  ideo  vobis  praecipimus  quod  circa  praemiffa. «  diliranter  intendatis  et  ea  faciatis  et  exequamini  in  forma  praedifta.  Da.mus  autem  um- “  verfis  ct  finmilis  viris  majoribus  ballivis  conftabulariis  miniftris  ac  aliis  fidelibus  et  lub- “  ditis  nollris'tam  infra  liberates  quam  extra  tenore  praefentium  firmiter  in  mandatis  quod ,1  vobis  in  exccutione  praemifforum  intendentes  lint,  confulentes  et  auxiliantes,  prout  decet. n  In  cuius rei  teftimonium  has  literas  noftras  fieri  fecimus  patentes  tefle  meipfoapud  Soutbamp- >i  ton  fexco  die  AuguJli  anno  regni  noftri  tertio.  Subfequente  vicefimo  die  difti  menfis  Au- “  raffi  annis  Domini  et  regis  fupradi&is  diftus  mllielmus  Alne  major  et  efcaetor  ad  hofpi- tale  fitnfti  Leonardi  in  cjvitate  Ebor.  acceffit,  et  in  praefentia  domini  Galfridi  Lefcrop “  militis  necnon  fratris  Jobambs  Dqnyell  Gardiani  ejufdem  hofpitalis  et  aliorum  fratrum, quandam  longam  ciftam  in  infirmario  ipfius  hofpitalis  ftantem,  vinculis  ferreis  undique „  fortiffime  ligatam,  cum  nonnullis  cartis  et  feripturis  terras  et  tenementa  difti  domini it  Henrici  Lefcrop  in  diverfis  Angliae  partibus,  in  ipfa  cifta  repofitis,  arreftantet  ipfam  ciftam ,1  verfus  utrumque  finem  fuper  foramina  feraturarum  figillo  officii  majoratus  diftae  civita- 11  tis  in  cera  rubra  figillant  quadam  fera  pendente  in  medio  ipfius  ciftae  appenfa.  Sigillata <i  figneto  Rogeri  de  Burton  clerici  communis  de  mandato  difti  majoris  et  efcaetoris.  Et 11  conduit  vicefimo  tertio  die  difti  menfis  AuguJli  annis  Domini  et  regis  fupradiftis,  quod <‘  quaedam  navis  carcata  cum  nonnullis  bonis  praetenfis  difti  domini  Henrici  Lefcrop  apud “  S>citjt  JLeonatD  aicnnvitgs  in  aqua  de  Ufe  arrellata  fuit  tanquam  forisfaftura  domino  regi «1  debits,  et  fafta  inquifuione  diligenti,  tandem  compertum  erat,  per  diftum  Wdlielmum 11  Alne  majorem  Thomam  Santon  Jobannem  Moreton  et  alios  aldennanos  civitatis  praediftae, “quod  omnia  et  fingula  bona  quae  fuerunt  in  ipfa  navi  fuerint  liberata  Johamae  duciffoe >i  Eboraci,  reliftae  difti  domini  Henrici  Lefcrop,  per  Jobannem  Waterton  fupradiftum,  per “  quandam  indenturam  inter  eos  inde  corrfeftam :  cujus  tenor  fequitur  in  haec  verba.  Telle “endente  tifte  a  Everwyk  le  23.  &’ AuguSl  l’an  du  regne  le  roy  Henry  quint,  puys 11  le  conqueft  &' Anglelerre  tierce,  peutre  John  de  Warterlon  efquier  et  par  noftre  treredoubte “  par  le  roy  d’une^parte  et  Johanne  ducheffe  Deverwyk  d’autre  parte,  temoigne  que  le  dit “  John  ad  livere  an  difte  doure  Johanne  par  galder,  les  parcelles  fuys  efcriptz  a  la  vo- <1  Juntft  du  roy,  en  primes  quatre  pottes  d’argent  auntiens  chefcun  contcnant  dymy  ga- “  Ion  Item  un  petit  hanap  d’or,  round  qhafee  a  le  manier  d’un  gobelet.  Item  fept  ha- “  naps 4 xvii  APPENDIX. “  taps  d  argent  aunciens,  platt’  ouefque  dcu  covertes  de  mefme,  ]a  fuyt.  Item  24  difces d  arJcnt  junciens,  Homes  potageers  de  diverfes  formes.  Item  12  falfar  dWcnt  aunciens “  de  diverfes  formes.  Item  3  bafyns  d’argent,  aunciens,  de  diverfes  formes.  Item  -  ewers’ “  d  argent,  aunciens,  des  queux  tin  faunz  coverter.  Item  un  entier  lice,  aunciens,  de  dvmv ‘  worltL-d  de  rouge  noir,  et  blaunks,  ouefque  3  curtyns  et  3  cottiers  de  mefme  la  fuyr Item  2  quy lshyns  de  iylk,  aunciens.  Item  6  quyfshyns  de  dymy  worded  de  diverfes  co* “  ors  Item  2  materas  aunciens.  Item  7  pair  de  Fudians  Blanketts,  2  carpes  2  pair  de *’  .uc“;u::'  une  ymioe  nodre  dame  d’or  coronnee,  ouefque  periJJez.  'item  2  pe- tC  5',tz  “anaPs  d’argent,  d’orrez,  gravez,  ouefque  wrethes  d’une  fuyte.  Item  une  hanan ‘-d  argent  done,  grave,  ouefque  une  wrethe  de  trefoillez.  Item  une  hanap  dWnr „  i?“dque„  a™es  de  fire  Lefcrop.  Item  une  hanap  d’argent  d’orre,  chafed,  cn  mannier „  ,  une  cft0lle-  ,  ItEm  \  Petltz  ewers  d’argent,  d’orrez,  l’une  chafed  et  l’autre  pounched •  Item  un  payr  bafyns  d  argent,  d’orrez,  pounched  en  la  fountz  lez  armes  Lefcrop  Item' 6  charse°rs  d  argent,  novell,  one  lez  armes  Lefcrop.  Item  1 2  efqueilez  d’argent  novelles ti  °ue  mdmes  lcz  a™cs.  Item  1 2  pottageours  et  1 2  falfers  d’argent,  novelle?  de  mefme  la •  uyte,  ct  armes.  Item  une  hanap  d’or,  grave,  en  mannier  de  lofenge  en  le  pomell  un .1  Pct,t  P'-'rc"-  dtem  1  petit  ewer  d’or  par  mefme,  la  hanap  pounched,  oue  une  wreth  de  di- „  vcrs  fodez,  oue  une  knop  de  percll.  En  tefmoignance  de  quele  chofe,  lez  partiez  fuperdiftes „  1ycefles  “drnteurs  ont  myflors  fcalz,  donne  a  Euerwick  le  an  et  jour  fuifdites  et  fubfequente „  l,eamo  d“  0M'rP  ann0  praedidto,  diftus  MUUma,  Aim  major,  de  voluntate  et  praecepto ti  donum  Jcvamm  ducis  Bedford,  cultodis  Angllae  figillum officii  fui  fupra  foramina  diftae  cillae ,,  praelcrrur,  pofitum  et  diftam  feram  pendentem  amovit  et  abftulic  in  praefentia  maei- ftr0r.“”  H"Zh’  magiftn  d.fti  hofpitalis,  IVdlielmi  Cawood  canonici  Ebor  do- „7  P«ljndi  WcmcW,  Johannes  Neufim  armigeri,  Rkbardi  Eeverlav,  jurifperiti Kogcn  Burton  praedich  notarn  publici  et  aliorum.”  "  J  r £■  y2-  S!‘7-  r-  “  in  die  former  was  found  the  royal  cap  called  abatof  ” S/cl, nan  cites  only  the  chronicle  of  this  year  for  this  word,  which  he  lays  finnifieth  a  royal cap  enfigned  with  two  crowns,  which  doubtlefs  were  thofe  o  (England  and  France  7  I know  not  the  etymology  of  this  word.  Mr.  Artfiis. ,,  appendix.”*'1'  “  The  Wh°k  reC°rd  iS  f°  fingular  that  k  muft  find  a  P'ace  “  die The  record  is  in  thefe  words. Pro  majors  et  civibus  civitatis  Ebor.  rex.  Ed.  IV. “  R  omnibus  ad  quits,  &c.  falutem.  Sciatis  quod  nos  nedum  decafuram  et  ruinam civ  itatis  noft  Ebor.  ac  grandia  expenfa  deperdita  et  onera  que  dilefti  nobis  cives cjufdem  emtat.  occafione  guerrarum  litium  et  difeenfionum  in  partibus  boreaiibus  hie  nu- u  Per  luflmuerunt  quo  pretextu  tpfi in  extremam  paupertatisabiflum  penitus  funt  ejefti.verum „  ctl.'™  ™celTiyam  feodi  finnam  quam  lidem  cives  pro  civitate  preditt.  ac  fi  elfet  in  ftatu Pn.  ,e  felicitatis  (ue,  nobis  annuatim  reddere  tenentur,  confiderantes  de  gratia  noli  fpeciali „  f  ln  'Pb°r-  CivIum  paupertatis  et  indigentie  reievamen  nec  non  diftor.  gravium  onerum hiorum  fupportationem  dedimus  et  concedimus  ac  per  prefentes  damns  et  concedimus  dile- ,,  a.'s,  nobls  rn;,Jon  et.cjvibu< s  civitatis  noft.  predift.  qitadraginta  libras  percipiend.  annuatim „  V  ,.cm  m.aJ°"  et  CIV‘bus  durante  termino  duodecim  annor.  de  fubfidio  trium  folidor  de „  doIl°  ec  duodeElm  denarlorum  de  libra  in  portu  de  villa  noft.  de  Kingefton  Paper  Hull  per- ..  ven'ent-  et,c,-eIce"r'  Pe'',manus  ouftumariorum  five  colleiftorum  ejufdem  fubfidii  pro  temp lc  exlfte.'lE-  ad  (ff[lS-1P'Phael:  et  Pnfcbe  per  cquales  portiones,  aliquo  ftatutoaftu  ordinatione permiffione  leu  reftruflione  in  contmrium  fift.  et  ordinat.  feu  provif.  aut  aliqua  alia  re  cau- ia  vei  materia  quacunquc  in  aliquo  non  obftante. “  In  cujus,  &c. “  Tefte  rege  apud  Ebor.  x.  die  Junii. Per  ip fum  regem  et  de  data  predial.  &c. „  “  E'  mandatum  eft  cuftomariis  five  colleftoribus  fubfidii  trium  folid.  de  dolio  et  duode- «  E'm  denarlor-  do  bbra  m  portu  ville  noft.  de  Kingejlon  ft, per  Hull  qui  nunc  funt  et  qui  pro „  KS"'  1?laJ°r’  et  c‘vib“.s  di‘oftis  quadraginta  libras  durance  termino pre- „  dlft-  ,  tefta  Predlft;i  d«  fubfidio  predift.  in  portu  predift.  pervenient.  de  tempore  in  rem- „  pUS.fulrant  |l,xta  tenorom  btt.  noft.  predift.  recipiences  a  prefatis  majoreet  civibus  litre- ras  luas  acquietientie  que  pro  nobis  fufficientes  fuerint  in  hac  parte  (a). Tejle  ut  fupra. 1  P'c  2n-'r  X’  1  t!1's.Pr0(-^amation  Thomas  earl  of  Surrey  is  laid  to  be  (lain  in  the  bat- Mr  Anjf  ’  ‘C  15  CVidcntly  a  mifcke’  as  even  aPP«rs  ^  f-  hereafter. (•)  1464-  r»’-  4-  Ed.  IV.  t-J.m.f). P.  127. APPENDIX. P.  127.  Seel.  1.  “  And  fo  departed  on  her  journey.” The  ceremonial  of  attending  this  lady  in  her  progrefs  and  her  reception  into  the  city  of Torky  is  better  recorded  by  a,  then,  officer  at  arms-,  from  whole  original  record  of  it Mr.  Anftis  favoured  me  with  the  following  tranfcript “  The  fifteenth  day  of  the  faid  monneth  departed  the  quene  fro  Pountfret  in  faire  company, “  as  others  times  before,  the  mayr,  aldermen,  bourges,  and  habitanns  in  the  conveying  of “  her  and  from  thens  fhe  want  to  dynner  to  Dadcajler. “  And  att  the  partyng  after  dynner  cam  to  hyr  my  lord  Latyiner  and  my  lady  his  wifte “  vary  well  appoynted,  companyed  of  many  gentylmen,  and  gentylwomen  to  the  nombre “  of  l.  horfes  hys  folke  arayed  liveray. “  And  out  of  the  laid  Dade  after  cam  the  two  (Tariffs  of  the  city  of  Torke ,  wellcommyng “  the  quene  in  ther  fraunchyfes  in  company  of  many  officers  of  the  towne  and  och  bourges “  and  habitanns  well  honeftly  apoynted  and  horft  to  the  nombre  of  iiiixx  horfys.  And  two “  mille  fro  Dadcajler  cam  to  her  the  lord  Scroupp  of  Bol’on ,  and  the  lord  Scroopp  of  Upfall “his  lone,  in  company  of  many  gentylmen  well  appoyntyd,  and  ther  folke  in  fuchwife  to “  the  nombre  of  xx.  horfys  of  ther  liverays,  and  well  horfys. “  And  fore  mille  from  the  fay d  towne  met  the  fiyd  quene  the  lady  Conynrs  nobly  dreft, c<  and  in  hyr  company  many  gentyllwomen,  and  others  honneftly  appoynted  to  the  nombre “  of  60.  horfys. “  At  two  mille  fro  the  fayd  cite  cam  toward  the  faid  quene  my  lord  the  earle  of  Nortbum- “  kerland  well  horft  opon  a  fayr  corfer,  with  a  forr  cloth  to  the  grounde  of  cramfyn  velvett “  all  horded  of  orfavery  ;  hisarmes  vary  rich  in  many  places,  uppon  his  faddle  and  harnays, “  his  fterrops  gylt. “  Hymfelfe  arayd  of  a  gowne  of  the  fiid  cramfyn-,  the  opnyngs  of  the  flyves  and  the “  collar  of  grett  bordeux  of  (hones,  hys  boutts  of  velvett  black,  his  fpours  gylt  and  in  many “  places  maid  gambads  plailants  for  to  fee  -,  ny  to  him  two  fotemen  ther  jackets  of  that  fam  as “  before  to  hysdevyfes.  And  before  hee  him  had  3  hunfmen  mounted  upon  fayr  horfys  there “  fliort  jackets  of  orfav*  ry  and  harnays  of  the  faid  horfys  of  that  fune  rychly  dreft  and “  after  them  rode  the  maifter  of  hys  horfe  arayd  of  hys  liveray  of  velvyt  monted  upon  a  gen- “  tyl  horfe,  and  campanes  of  filver  and  gylt,  and  held  in  his  haund  annother  fayr  corfer  of “all  thyngs,  his  harnays  apoynted  as  before  is  fayd. “  Wyth  hym  in  hys  company  was  many  noble  knyghts,  that  is  to  weytt,  fur  John  Hay- “  fiyngSy  fur  John  Penynthon ,  fur  Lancelot  Thirlekeld ,  fur  Thomas  Curwen ,  fur  John  Normanville, “  fur  Robert  of  Afkc ,  all  knyghts  arayd  of  hys  fayd  liveray  of  velvet  with  fome  goldfmyth “  warke ;  grett  chaynnes  and  war  well  mounted,  fome  of  ther  horfe  harnes  full  of  campa- “  ncs,  (urn  of  gold  and  filver,  and  the  others  of  fylver. te  Alfo  ther  was  hys  officer  of  armes,  named  Northumberland  Herault,  aray’d  of  his  fayd “  liveray  of  velvet  berring  hys  cotte  fens  the  mettyng  tyll  to  hys  departyng  thorough  all “  the  entryng  and  yffue  of  good  towns  and  citez. “  Alfo  others  gentylmen  in  fuch  wys  aray’d  of  hys  faid  liveray,  fum  in  velvet,  others  in “  damafke  and  chamlett,  the  others  of  cloth,  well  monted  to  the  nombre  of  three  hundreth “  horfys. “  And  a  mylle  owte  of  the  faid  cite  the  fiid  quene  apoynted  hyr  in  hyr  horfe  letere  rychly tc  belene,  hyr  ladys  and  gentelwomen  right  freffily  aray’d. “  Alfo  all  the  nobles,  lordes,  knyghts  and  gentylmen  and  others  of  her  company  apoynted “  in  fo  good  manere  and  fo  ryche  that  a  goodly  fight  it  was  for  to  beholde. “  And  at  the  entryng  of  the  foubarbes  was  the  iiii.  orders  mendiens  in  proceftyon  before “  hyr. “  And  in  the  ftat  as  before  in  fayr  order  (lie  entred  in  the  fayd  cyte,  trompetts,  myn- “  ftrells,  fikebowtts  and  high  wods  retentyfynge  that  was  fayr  for  here  cotts  of  armes  o- “  pen,  ryches  mafies  in  haund,  horfys  of  defyr,  and  noble  herts  delibered. “  And  within  the  fayd  cite  ny  to  the  gatt  was  my  lord  the  mayr  fyr  John  Guillot  knyght ct  compenyd  of  the  aldermen  all  on  horfeback  and  honneftly  arayed  in  gownys  of  fcarlatte, “  the  fayd  mayr  of  fattin  cramfyn,  goods  channeson  ther  necks,  and  refayved  the  faid  quene “  varey  mykely,  and  after  they  rod  before  hyr  to  the  mother  church  the  fayd  mayr  ber- “  yng  hys  mafle. “  And  ny  to  them  wer  within  the  ftreytts  on  fowte  and  in  good  order  the  honnefts  bour- “  ges  and  habitanns  of  the  fiyd  cite  honneftly  befene  in  ther  beft  aray,  all  the  wyndowes  fo “  lull  of  nobles  ladyes  gentylwomen  damfells  bourgefys  and  others  in  fo  grett  multitude “  that  it  was  a  fayr  fight  for  to  fee. “  Thus  contynued  the  fpace  of  too  houres,  or  fhe  wer  conveyed  to  the  mother  church, “  wher  was  the  reverends  fathers  in  God  my  lord  the  arc:  byfchop  of  Torke ,  the  byfchop “  of  Durham ,  the  abbot  fiunt  Marie  the  fonsfringham  in  pontifical!,  with  the  college  to- “  geder  reverted  of  riches  coppes.  And  ny  to  the  founte  was  notably  appynted  the  place tc  wher  the  erode  was,  the  wich  (hee  kified,  and  after  to  the  hert  of  the  church  Ihe  wente “  to  make  hyr  offrynge. 8  B  «  And xviii j| •I 5 XIX APPENDIX. “  And  that  do°nrnie  was  convf>d  thorough  the  faid  company  to  the  pallays,  wher  /he was  lodged  and  fo  every  men  hym  owtdrew  to  hys  lodgyngs  them  to  rafrefh  ;  bat  it  was greet  melodie  for  to  here  the  bells  rynge  thorough  the  cite  as ‘‘And  the  next  day  that  was  th  t  Sunday  the  xvi“>  day  of  the  faid  monneth  remayn’d the  faid  quene  in  the  fa.d  towne  of  Torke,  and  at  ten  of  the  clock  Ihe  was  convey’d  to  the church  wuh  the  faid  archbyfchop,  byfchopsof  Durham,  Morrey  and  Norwyfcbe  the  pre! lats  before  and  others  honorable  folks  of  the  churche,  my  lord  of  Surrey,  ti re  lord  hvr -hammerlnyn,  and  others  nobles  knyghts,  fquires,  gentylmen  the  faid  mayre,  aldermen  and fcheryffs  to  the  nomber  of  two  hundreth  and  more.  With  hyr  wer  ladys  and  gentylwomen “  o  hyr  company  and  ftraungers  to  the  nombre  of  xl,  and  fo  was  Ihe  convey’d  to  the chmch,  it  was  a  fair  fyght  for  to  fee  the  company  fo  rychly  apoynted. „  ‘  ThuS  nPb,e  m,e  wa*  convey’d  into  her  travers,  wher  befor  her  was  an  auter  dreft  of •  many  ryches  and  noble  jewels  and  an  hygh  awter  in  likewyfe.  And  hard  matte  in meane  time  that  the  faid  archbyfchop  maid  hymfelfe  redy. „  c  Aft?  lhe  fii.f  deSonne  the  procefTyon  generall  varey  fayr,  wher  was  fyrft  the  crof- ^5nd  the  c°lleg“  veftfed  of  varey  rych  copy*,  and  after  them  came  the  iouffrimrham „  tnfijty11000’  the  abbot  of  iaunte  Marye  dyacon,  the  croffe  borne  before  the  archbyfchop with  hym  the  bylchop  of  Durham,  all  in  pontificall. (1  r  Aftcr  lhe™  cara  the  lords  that  followeth  rychly  apoynted,  the  lord  Wtlleby,  lord  Scrmpp , ,  d  iys  [°"the. ]ord  LPlnterl the  lord  therle  of  Kent,  andhys  fon  the  lord  Straunge therle  of  Northumberland  the  byfchopof  Morrey,  and  of  Norwycbe,  the  lord  maire,  thile °‘  C  ie  ord  c^amberlain,  the  officers  of  armes  and  the  fergents. <c  “  And  cam  che  quene  rychly  aray’d  in  a  gowne  of  cloth  of  gold,  a  rych  coller  of “  cornttfr^of  ?°neS  Knd  a,gyrdle  wrought  of  fin  gold  hauntyng  doo  to  the  gerth,  and  the „  countefie  of  Surry  bare  her  trayne,  a  gentleman  huyfeher  helping  after  hyr  the  ladys  and “  gyrdleTof^goM  and  othem^ieffi ,dreft  “  ^  S°WnyS’  S™*  “llm>  grettS  chay""“> „  “  And  a,ft7  hyr  followed  the  nobles,  knyghts,  gentylmenand  fquires  in  fayr  aray,  honneftly „  aP°f  n  ted,  having  grett  chaynnes  upon  them,  and  the  faid  church  was  fo  full  of  honnefte  oer formes  ladyes  and  gentylwomen  of  the  faid  towne  and  many  other  people  in  fo  grett  nom- ..  cr'^e  noiftwa?ma,d  “  ^  5  but  f°  g°°d  0rdre  therc  none ,t  '!  1  he  erY  of  PwthumberlMd  was  arayed  in  a  varey  ryche  gowne  of  cloth  of  gold  hvs „  h-rf  dr,eft  To  IonSs  jackets  full  of  orfavery,  varey  rychly  wrought “  with  his  devyfes,  like  wys  hys  folks.  ’  }  ’  gni: „  “  AbttT, tbe  Ptooeffyon  doon  begonne  the  hygh  matte  by  the  faid  archbyfchop,  the  which was  /tailed  as  the  cuftome  is  to  do  in  company  of  hym  the  faid  abbot  and  fouffirinehan „  'ylth  others ;  honnorable  perfonnes  of  the  churche,  and  fange  the  fervyce  of  the  faid  nfafle the  chappelle  of  my  faid  lord  of  Northumberland  much  folempnelly  * ci  r  Andrat,  thf.  h.0ur  °f  the,  offfrtory  was  the  faid  quene  brought  to  the  offrynge  in  the  pre „  ,  te  °f  t  «  laid  prelats  lords,  and  others  knyghts,  fquyers  and  gentylmen, S£*.  whome „  P  Y-  ,ffred  retourned  ageyn,  eidy  man  went  ageyn  in  hys  place  as  before,  and  to  hyr gaffe  hyr  offryng  the  faid  erle  of  Surrey.  ‘ cc  2  Ti!'e  mtni  d°°n  the,  quenf  Was  by  the  ftid  c°ntPa"y  precedente  in  fayr  aray  and  or- d.  c  brought  agayn  to  the  pallays,  and  within  the  grett  chammer  was  prefented  before  hvr "Y  ,ady  the  countt#  of  Northumberland,  well  accompany’d  of  many  knyghts  and  Ben cc  Yf’en  and;ladyes  and  gentylwomen,  the  quene  kitting  hyr  in  the  welcommynge  and ,c  f °  aS  fche  was  com  ln  h>'r  cfianlmer  /he  begonne  to  dynne,  trompetts  and  otherlnftrue ments  rang  to  the  auncyenne  manere  laftyng  the  faid  dynner. “  The  faid  archbyfchop  holdyng  open  hows  in  makyng  good  cher  to  all  commvns  tow deL;  my  the  Yayre.  tl>e  fcheryffs  fo,  as  raporte  to  me  them  that  was  ther  peribns  ° „  Tne  xvn  day  of  the  faid  monneth  the  faid  quene  departed  fro  the  faid  cite  of  York  in c  (\2Y  ni  Tryand  °rdrerychly  apoynted,  the  faid  archbi/hop  and  byfehops  before faid,  the  lord  the  mayr  fcheryhsand  the  aldermen,  the  ftreytts,  and  the  wyndows  fo  full ot  people  that  it  was  a  fair  thynge  for  to  fee.  1  U  l c  w‘th“ut /fie  faid  cite  the  faid  lord  mayre  and  his  company  take  licence,  and  fur- rei  more  dyd  the  lords  the  byfehop  of  Norwych  of  Kent  of  Straunge  Hajlyngs  and  milebe and  many  others  mor  knyghts  gentylmen  went  with  them  ageyn.  S  * .c  was  rnecevverdtbvSrf00cn’1ll'e  t00k  “  ?‘wbr°uZh  the  Ptiore,  to  the  which  place  Ihe cc  of  thfchtirch.by  H  f  d  Pn°r  3nd  rellgy°us  h°nneftly  revetted  with  the  croffe  at  the  gatt Ibid.  Sell.  6.  “  Sir  Stephen  Hamilton  read  fir  Stephen  Hamerton. c  .137.  be a.  3.  “  manotherpurfe  thirty  nine  fingle  pennys  being  juft  the  age  of  the  king" turls  nMnb?„/Lh‘S0Wn  yearS  bei"S  thlr‘y  Wh‘ch  WaS  thc  Cuftom  inSfome  latercfn- “  mre"conduft  fufficiendy  attefted!”^  ^  ^  himfe,f>  aS  thcir  fij- I  a/k XX APPENDIX. I  ilk  pardon  of  the  memory  of  fome  of  thefe  noblemen  for  this  unwary  aflertion  which page  one  hundred  and  fifty  of  this  very  book  contradifls.  The  earl  of  Hertford ,  not  Hereford as  m  the  note'f/),  created  marquis  >»«  3,  1641,  came  over  heartily  to  the  royal  caufe.  As (lid  alio  the  earl  of  SaUJbury,  the  lords  Pcuwlet,  Savile,  Dunfmore  and  Leigh,  who  were  of the  number  of  thefe  commiffioners ;  for  when  they  faw  what  bent  the  puritans  were  then taking,  they  forfook  their  caufe,  and  fome  of  them  with  their  own  blood  fealed  their  deter- mined  loyalty  to  their  injured  fovereign. P.  140  Sell.  15.  “  From  the  2 4'1  of  September  to  the  jS11  of  October  following,  did  the “  king,  & In  this  month  o {October  the  king  held  a  chapter  of  the  garter  at  York,  wherein  the  earl .  ^tr  afford,  was  elected  a  companion.  The  entry  of  this  is  in  the  regifter  of  the  garter,  where¬ in  the  tragical  reafon  for  that  unfortunate  nobleman’s  being  never  inftalled,  is  put  down  in lucli  ltrong  terms,  that  I  chufe  to  give  it  verbatim,  from  the  copy  fent  me  by  Mr.  Anflis. Out  of  the  Register  of  the  Garter. Anno  MDCXL.  cum  rebelles  Scoti  Anglia:  finibus  incubarent,  beatiffimae  memoriae  princeps Larolus  primus,  convocato  Eboraci  magno  porcerum  concilia,  menfe  Odtobris  virum  illuflrWmum ihomam  comitem  Straffordiae,  vuecomitem  Wentworthiae,  el  Hiberniae  pro-regem,  nobiliMm or  dints  comitem  elegit,  nunquam  vero  inaugur ab  alur,  quippe  qui  paulo  pojl  a  parliament  tanquam rnajeftatis  pro  tribunali  poftidatus,  it  quanquam  magna  animi  praefenlia  inimicorum  articuios  et enmnatam  quam  JaalUme  ddueret,  ipfe  rexfefe  interponeret,  el  innocentiam  ejus  (quantum  ad  [ulti¬ ma  articulorum  capita)  judteiorum  poena  liberate  conarelur,  perduellioms  nihilommus  damnatus, el  apud  turns  LondmcnCis  collem  Man  12“  1641.  capita  plexus  eft.  Sic  cecidit  prudenliffmus  rei crmtis  adminiftrator  •,  regueque  caufae,  ecclefiaftici  ordinis,  patriaeque  libertatis,  veluti  viffima  oc- cubuit,  illud  vero  fangums  profluvium,  quod  ex  illius  venis  incifis  ejftuebat,  permultos  exinde  annos JiJtere  non  potuerunt. P.  144-  Sell.  3.  “  where  the  day  following  the  king  kept  the  feftival  of  St  George  in “  great  ftate.”  * I  he  regilter  of  the  Garter  faith  April  20,  1642.  when  the  companions  prefent  at  the  ele- ebon  were  the  prince  of  Wales,  the  eleftor  Palatine  and  the  earl  of  Lindfey ;  at  which  faid chapter  prince  Rupert  was  likewife  defied.  I  fend  a  copy  of  the  entry.  Mr.  Anjlis From  the  Register  of  the  Garter. Sub  finem  awn  1641.  rex  faSiofts  civium  Londinenfium  tumultibus,  a  curia  albae  baftlicae putfus  gradatim  verbs  Eboracum  tendit  ubi  Aprilis  20,  1642.  capitulum  celebravit  fupremus praefentibus honoratiffims  DD.  iluftrijfimo  Walliae  principe,  elettore  Palatine  duee  Richmondio j  co'm‘er  Llndf™  tnboe  capitulo fupremus,  commilhonum  numero  requiftto  ad  capitulum  complen- dum  infuper  habito  filium  fuum [ecundum  illuftriffimum  principem  Jacobum  ducem  Eboracenfem et  nepotem  pnncipem  Rupertum  eleBorem  ad  Rhenum  nobilijfimi  ordinis  commilitones  elegit  abuts Jtc  in  ordmem  cooptatis  indulfit ,  ut  titulo,  homre  et  fuperionlate  pro  eleBionis  tempore  fruerentur quamyis  profolenm  more  maugurari  non  pojftnt,  quum  Windefora  hifee  folennitatibus  peragendis Jacrata,  fub  rebellion,  dlUone  teneretur ,  cum  hac  tamen  exceptions  ctaufula,  ut  quam  primum  per tumultus  liceret,  ainbo  Windeforae  inaugur  arentur.  * ..J ^  inicnption  on  the  plate  ibr  James  duke  of  York  in  the  fecond  Hail  of  the  chapel  at trindfor  is  thus,  after  his  titles,  ^ ,  , - —  ‘leu  a  York,  le  vingtiefme jour  d’  Avril  1642;  el  a  caufe  de  la  rebellion  Juivante  ne Jut  pas  injtalle  au  chateau  deV*  mdefore  jufq’au  quinziefme  jour  d* Avril  1661. P.175.  Se£}.2.  “  Papinian,  the  judge  advocate.” Rather,  fupream  judge  of  all  the  Roman  empire. P.  180.  Seil.  1.  “  was  held  firft  by  the  bifhop  ’* For  by,  read  before  ■,  and  fo  in  the  next  line. P.  180.  Seel.  6.  “  Copies  of  all  fuch  grants,  £*.  may  be  feen  in  the  appendix." Ex  regiftro  original i  Fontinenfis  abbatiae  olim  contingent i.  Eborum,  p.  201. 1.  “  Sciant  omnes  tarn  prefentes  quam  futuri  quod  ego  Walterus  parfona  de  Heihelingflet “  ded'  et  concern  et  hac  prefenti  carta  mea  confirmavi  Gerardo  Saunter  civi  Ebor.  totam  ter- “  r/mtmeam  ,n  LMraco  que  jacet  inter  molendinum  de  Caftello  et  inter  terram  monachorum  de “  fondbus  in  parochia  fanfle  Marie  de  Caftello.  Habendam  et  tenendam.  Sec. “  Hus  telhbus  Rad '■  Novel,  Willielmo  Fairfaix,  Nicholao  de  Bugghetborp,  Willielmo  Otewi, *  Rt&Wfddode  lVardhil,  Phil,  filio  Baldew ,  IValtero  filio  IVidonis ,  Waltero  de  Bcluaco “  Matheo  Tadlur,  Rogero  de  Alwartborp ,  Thoma  Alio ,  miliehno  de  Elethoft,  et  multis 2.  “  Sciant  omnes  prefentes  et  futuri,  quod  ego  Willielmus  Gerald  dedi  et  conceffi  et  hac carta  mea  prefenti  confirmavi  Waltero  filio  Tankardi  illas  duas  terras  in  jfilWafe  quas pater  fuus  tenuit,  fcihcet  unam  terram  juxta  ifoffe  et  juxta  eccUGam  fanfli  fcteptjam  et “  aliam 5 XXI APPENDIX. “  rtliam  terram  propinquiorem  terre  Roberti  BaJJet  in  eodem  vico  fibi  et  heredibus  fuis. “  Tenend.  &c. “  Hii  flint  teftes  Will,  de  Stutevill,  Rog.  Baduent ,  Rob.  For  eft,  Henricus  de  Knarefburg , “  Rad.  de  Bo/co,  Johannes  de  Hamelejt ,  Rob.  de  Apeltun,  Thomas  Palmer ,  Nicol.  frater “■  ejus.  Rad.  Damaifele ,  Johannes  filius  Gunneware,  Steph.  Tinttor,  Arnaldus  Tinftor, «  Will.  Harold,  Will.  Frainfer,  Johannes  Ruffus,  Rob.  Fab.  Thom,  le  Wairt.  et  plures. 4.  “  Univerfis  fan<fte  ecclefie  filiis  prefentibus  et  futuris  Franco  de  Beluaco  falur.  Sciatis «  me  dedifie  et  hac  mea  carta  confirmafle  Deo  et  monachis  ecclefie  fanfte  Marie  de  Font,  totam “  terram  meam  in  Nejfegate  quam  tenui  de  Roberto  Lepuber  folutam,  quietam,  £s ?c. “  Hii  funt  teftes  qui  prelentes  fuerunt,  quam  ecclefiam  de  Font,  de  terra  ilia  faifiam,  fcilicet, «  Thomas  decanus  Ebor.  Helias  prefbyter,  Thomas  parfona  eccl.  S.  Michaelis  Ebor.  Rog. Diaconus,  Rob.  de  Caviare,  Guillielmus  de  bona  villa,  Alexand.  de  Lund,  Ranul.deCa- “  jlello,  et  Mainard  filius  ejus,  Guillielmus  Pya,  Gualt.  fil.  Tfaac,  Rog.  de  Morbi,  Sym. te  Dorna,  Paulinus  Hubbarat,  Durand  Andencl,  Sym.Owein ,  Philippus  Warinerus,  Sym. “  Cocus,  Ulkil  ttOrm. 5.  “  Hii  prefentes  et  teftes  fuerunt,  ubi  Rob.  vendidit  monachis  de  Font,  terram  fuam “  de  N'Jfcgata  quam  Franco  habuit  in  vadium,  SIfjonias  Decanus  qui  plegius  fuit  eandem “  terram  warrantizare  per  unum  annum  et  diem,  Stephanus  et  Hugo  clerici  Ccnffabular. “  Cbo;.  Will.  de  Bonevill,  &c. 8.  “  Sciant  prefentes  &c.  Quod  ego  Awreda  que  fui  uxor  Walteri  de  Acum  ex  aflenfu  et “  con  fen  fu  Rob.  filii  Symeonis  et  cuffoDum  pontts  DC  Clfa  dedi  concefti  &c.  totam  terram  meam “  in  patfoa  3i5:ctrgatc  &c. 11.  “  Omnibus  fanefte  ecclefie  filiis  prefentibus  et  futuris  Agnes  quondam  filia  Nigelli  le “  Wafer  de  Ebor.  falutem.  Sciatis  me  in  mea  viduitate  et  ligia  poteftate  mea  dedifie  con- “  cefiifie  et  prefenti  carta  mea  confirmafle  Deo  et  monachis  fandte  Marie  de  Fonlibns  totam tC  -terrain  meam  cum  pertin.  in  parva  l!5jctcgata,  quam  Ntgell.  pater  meus  emit  de  Awere- “  da  que  fuit  uxor  Walt,  de  Acum.  Tenend.  &c. “  Hi  is'  teftibus  Gileberto  rectore  eccl.  Omn.  Santtor.  in  =U)ufcgate,  Hugone  de  Selebi  tunc  ma¬ tt  jore,  Johanne  Warthill,  Henr.  de  Sexdccim  vallibus,  Rob.  de  Claravall ,  Thoma  le  Grant , “  Reiner oSciJJore,  Helid  Flur ,  Rogero  de  Sefcevaus  civibus  Ebor.  et  aliis. 13.  ««  Ad  aliam  cartam  de  eadem  terra  et  domo  in  partaa  315.Jefegafe  dat.  anno  gratie “  SpCDC,  quinquagefimo  primo,  hii  funt  teftes, “  BjOljanncs  tunc  rnajo.j  Cbojaci,  Andreas  frater  fuus,  Paulinus  le  mercer ,  Ricardus  ad “  pontem,  Robertas  de  Clyfton  et  alii.  1251. 14.  “  Memorand.  Quod  cum  nuper  abbas  de  Fontibus  tulifiet  breve  domini  regis,  decef- “  uvit  per  brevium  coram  J.  Stonor  et  foe.  fuis  juftic.  dom.  regis  de  Banco  apud  Wejlm.  ter- mino  Hillar.  anno  r.  r.  Ed.  tertii  poll  conqueft.  Angl.  xxii0.  verfus  Willielmum  de  Schireburn “  et  petiit  verfus  eum  unum  melt  cum  pertin.  in  Eboraco,  videlicet,  unum  in  B'oub.JCt* “  gate,  &c. 1 6.  “  Sciant  prefentes  et  futuri  quod  hoc  eft  conventio  fadta  inter  abbatem  et  convcntum  de “  Fontibus  ex  una  parte  et  R  'tcardum  Springald  de  Ebor.  ex  altera,  fcilicet,  quod  idem  abbas “  et  conventus  dederunt  et  prefenti  feripto  concefierunt  predi&o  Ricardo  et  heredibus  fuis “  domum  noft.  in  Eboraco,  que  vocatur  ^altljllfes,  juxta  terram  Johannis  de  Birkin  in  parochia “  fantfte  Marie  ad  portam  Cajlri.  Tenend.  &c. “  Hi  is  teft.  pugcnc  De  &clcbp  tunc  majo:e  cibtt.  Cbo:.  Johanne  de  Warthill,  Adam  Flur. “  Paul,  de  Alu bray,  Nicb.  Winemer,  Thoma  le  Grant,  Tberto  le  faint,  et  aliis. 17.  “  Hec  carta  chirographata  teftatur  quod  Johannes  Blundus  capelianus  Ebor.  dedit  mo- “  nachis  de  Fontibus  terram  fuam  IpamialDam  in  patric  pol  que  jacet  inter  terram  Henrici “  fervientis  domino  archiepifeop.  et  terram  que  fuit  Thome  de  Languath,  fub  hac  forma,  &c. “  Hiis  teftibus,  G.  decano,  R.  precentore,  J.  cancellario,  J.  fubdecano,  Bernardo  de “  Santlo  Odomaro,  canonicis  Ebor.  pugonc  DC  £>elebp  tunc  maj02C  Cbo?.  Thoma  le “■  Graunl  pjepofito  ejufdem  ville,  Henrico  et  Rogero  de  Sexdecim  vallibus,  et  aliis  pluri- “  bus. N.  B.  Galf.  de  Norwich  decanus  Ebor.  erat  an.  12  35.  Robertus  precentor.  Johannes  Blund cancellarius,  Johannes  Romanus  fubdecanus  eodem  tempore.  Vide  catal.  decanorum,  & c. 19.  “  Omnibus  Chrifti  fidelibus  ad  quos  prefens  feriptum  pervenerit,  Alex,  abbas  de  Fon- “  libtts  et  ejufdem  loci  conventus  falutem  in  Domino  fempiternam.  Noverit  univerfi- “  tas  veftra  nos  conceflifle  dedifie  et  prefenti  carta  noft.  confirmafle  Johanni  le  Kaudruner “  et  hered.  fuis  meffuagium  &c.  in  vico  de  Peiergate,  &c. “  His  teft.  Johann t  Dc  s>clcbp  tunc  mato?e  Cbo*.  3bonc  De  Clfcgafr,  £>tmonc  le  ©raunfe, “  johanne  De  Cunntngcfton  tunc  balltbts  Cbo;.  Henr.  Clutepot ,  Ricardo  Home  pot,  Wil- “  helmo  de  B  ever  lay,  Alex.le  Waunter,  Rob.  de  Craven,  Willielrno  de  Haukefwell,  et  aliis. “  Dat.  apud  Fortes  die  Martis  prox.  poll  feft.  fanfti  Wilfridi  anno  domini  S$CC.  fexag. “  quarto.  1264.  24.  Con- appendix. 24.  Conventio  inter  Stephanum  abbatem  et  conventum  de  Fontibus  ix  Una  parte  et  Ricar- “  dum  Moferne ,  burgenfem  Eboraci  ex  altera,  de  quadam  terra  in  Ebor.  in  vico  illo  qui  vocat. “  Staingate ,  illam  fcilicet  terram  que  jacet  inter  feodum  Rogeri  de  Mubray  jex  una  parte  et “  feodum  Ricardi  de  Percy  ex  altera.  Tenend.  &c. “  Hiis  teft.  j^icljolao  £Drgc;  func  majore  GDbojwm,  Henrico  de  fexdecim  vallibus,  Thom. “  fil.  Jol.  Johanne  de  Seleby ,  Andrea  fratre  fuo,  JVUlielmo  fratre  ejufdem  Andrcac , “  et  aliis. 29.  “  Omnibus  hoc  feript.  vifuris  &c.  Hugo ,  filius  Tmberti  leSaynter^i alutem.  Dedit  &c. “  Deo  et  monachis  ecclefie  fan&e  Marie  de  Fontibus  totam  terram  cum  edificiis  in  eacon- “  ftructis  que  jacet  inter  ecclefiam  fan6li  Martini  de  Eboraco  et  domum  #m*0IT  3[UDet,  &c'.; “  Hanc  autem  refignationem  et  quietam  clamationem  feci  predict.  monachis  coram  do- “  mino  ^Hgonc  De  ^elebp  tunc  maj O^C,  et  aliis  civibus  et  prcpoftttS  Ebor. “  Hiis  teft.  liugone  de  Seleby  tunc  majore  Eboraci ,  Johanne  deWardbil ,  Henrico  de  fexde- “  cim  vallibus,  Alexandro  del  Hil ,  Martino  de  Norlfolke ,  JVUlielmo  Orger ,  Paulino  de “  Mubray ,  iViV/6.  Wynemer ,  Thoma  le  Graunt  et  multis  aliis. 35.  Charta  Walteri  Bujlard  concefT.  rrionaft.  de  Fontibus  de  terra  et  tenementis,  &c.  In “  vico  de  Mickelgate  et  de  Sch  elder  gate,  que  jacet  inter  domum  lapideam  que  fuit  Rogeri  de “  Knarejlurg  et  terram  Roberti  Copin ,  See. “  Hiis  teftibus  Dugoitc  be  £>elcbp  tunc  majore  Ebor,  OTtWelmo  iFatrfar,  Bfofjmmc  De “  Wartyill,  ^ettrtco  De  fepDecim  fcalltbus,  £partino  Dc  jjiojfoufee,  2®ltUteImo  De  IBrtn* “  feelail  tunc  balllbis  Ebor.  Thoma  fil.  Alani ,  Alano  capellano  de  Bouton ,  Johanne  Albo , “  capellano,  Rad.  de  JVyfebeck,  et  multis  aliis. 38.  “  Rog.  de  Molbray  vie.  et  omnibus  civibus  Eboraci  Francis  et  Anglis  clericis  etlaicis “  falutem.  Sciatis  quod  quando  Galfridus  de  Rotomago  viam  fandli  Jacobi  incepit,  ego  dedi “  et  concefli  Adelilie  Caren  uxori  fue  et  heredibus  fuis  totam  domum  fuam  et  terram  in <c  feodo  et  hereditate.  Tenend.  de  me  heredibus  meis  et  eodem  fervitio  quo  ipfe  Gaufridus “  tenuit,  fcilicet,  xii.  d.  reddendo  per  annum,  quare  deprecor  omnes  amicos  meos  quod ‘  ‘  ipfum  pro  amore  meo  adjuvent  et  manu  teneant  ad  hanc  domum  et  terram  tenendam, “  quia  non  erit  michi  amicus  qui  ei  inde  contumeliam  fecerit. “  Teft.  Nigel,  fil.  meo,  Olivar.  de  Buc*,  Bertram  Hagelt ,  Rog.  de  Flamevill,  Rog.  de “  Cund.  Rad.  Bel' .  Rog.  de  Cun.  et  Baldwino  fratre  fuo. 45.  “  Ad  hanc  chartam  hii  teftes  appofiti  funt,  domino  JValtero  de  Stokes  tunc  majore “  Ebor.  Johanne  filio  Johannis  le  Efpecer ,  Johanne  de  Sutton,  Johanne  de  ConingUon ,  tunc  ba- ‘  ‘  livis  Ebor.  &c. 50.  “  Ad  alteram  chartam  hii  funt  teftes,  Bfofiantie  apotccarto  tunc  ma/oje  dBbo^.  ctbifa. “  tis,  Radulfo  de  J drum,  JVUlielmo  Sleghl ,  Alano  filio  ejus,  Johanne  de  Schupton ,  Johanne “  de  Sefzevaus  clerico,  Johanne  de  Thornton  clerico,  et  aliis. “  Dat.  Ebor.  in  craft,  nativitatis  fantfli  Johannis  Baptifie  anno  regni  regis  Edwardi ,  filii  re- te  gis  Henrici,  vicefimo  nono,  1301. 5 1.  “  Ad  proximam  chartam  ejufdem  tenoris  et  datae,  teftes  iidem  funt  appofiti  ;  nifi  quod “  3Ioljamics  Bpotecarius  fupra  diftus,  illic  vocatus  eft  3ol;anncs  le  Spicer,  tunc  major  ci- “  vitatis  Ebur.  Vide p.  359,  et  notam  (d)  in  eadem  pagina. Ex  regiftro  antiquo penes  Brian.  Fairfax  armig.  familiae  fuae perantiquae  contingenti.  p.  99.  dorfo. “  Omnibus  Chrifti  fidelibus  prefens  feriptum  vifuris  infpetfturis  vel  audituris  Thomas  Ro- “  mundus  de  Ebor.  clericus  falutem  in  Domino.  Noveritis  me  concefliffe  remififfe  et  pre- “  fenti  fcripco  chirographato  de  me  et  heredibus  meis  in  perpetuum  quietum  clamafie “  Thome  de  Overton  auri  fabro  et  civi  Ebor  et  heredibus  fuis,  pro  fex  marcis  fterlingorum, “  quas  michi  dedit  per  manus,  totum  jus  et  clamium  quod  habui  vel  habere  potui  in “  ilia  terra  in  vico  fan&i  Andree  que  quondam  fuit  gardinum  Hugonis  Pufeth'  et  Henrici  fi- “  Hi  Hi  avunculi  mei,  que  jacet  in  latitudine  inter  terram  ejufdem  Hugonis  Pufeth'  ex  una “  parte  et  terram  Serlon'  Molendinar.  ex  altera,  et  in  longitudine  a  vico  fincti  Andree  ufque “  ad  terram  diefti  Thom,  de  Overton  quam  emit  de  Roberto  JVlfy.  Habend.  et  tenend.  & c. “  Hiis  teftibus  Johanne  de  Seleby ,  Andrea  de  Seleby  fratre  ejus,  Richardo  de  Grujly ,  Roberto “  de  Longocnmpo  tunc  restore  eccl.  de  Fojlon ,  Roberto  Verdenell  de  Marifco,  Roberto “  Spery,  3oam  De  Ccrf  tunc  majore  C'bo?.  »WeImo  De  l^olfebp,  BJofjanne  ^>pcrp. “  l^boiie  DC  £ifcgatc  tunc  bnllibis  ejufDcm,  Alano  Romund Johanne  de  Malton ,  ca- “  pellano,  et  aliis. 8  C xxii p.  181. xxiii APPENDIX. P.  1 8 1.  Sett.  2.  44  Which  fword,  by  the  exprefs  words  of  the  charter,  or  any  other  lword 44  they  pleafed  was  to  be  born  before  them  with  the  point  eretfed,  except  in  the  king’s  pre- 44  fence  within  the  precintts  of  their  liberties  in  perpetuum.  ” When  that  great  officer,  the  lord  prefident  of  the  north,  refided  and  kept  his  court  at York ,  he  infilled  upon  an  abatement  of  this  enfign  of  authority  in  his  prefence.  The  lord- mayor  tefufed  and  the  caufe  was  tried  in  the  earl  marfhals  court,  when  the  following  judg¬ ment  was  given  upon  it  and  entered, 44  \\T  H  E  R  E  A  S  the  lord  Sheffield  prefident  of  his  majefty’s  councel  eftablifhed  in  the VV  “  north,  being  his  majefty’s  lieutenant  of  his  highnefs  county  of  York  and  city 44  of  York ,  hath  challenged  and  demanded  as  a  thing  of  right  and  duty  appertaining  to “  his  lieutenancy,  that  the  fword  carried  before  the  lord-mayor  of  the  city  of  York  for  the 44  time  being  ffiould  be  delivered  up  to  him  by  the  lord-mayor  at  his  coming  into  the  foid 44  city,  and  fhould  not  be  carried  with  the  point  upwards  but  abafed  at  all  times  and  in  all 44  places  in  his  prefence,  whereupon  difference  and  controverfy  arifing,  a  petition  by  con- “  lent  of  both  parties  Was  preferred  by  the  lord-mayor,  aldermen,  fheriffsand  commona- 44  lity  of  the  faid  city  unto  his  majefty,  for  the  hearing  and  determining  of  the  fame,  which 44  by  his  highnefs  was  referred  for  the  ending  thereof  unto  us  the  lords  commiffioners  for 44  caufes  determinable  by  the  earle  marfhal  court.  And  whereas  we  the  faid  commiffioners 44  by  virtue  of  his  majefty’s  faid  reference  about  the  beginning  of  July  laft  paft  having 41  caufed  to  come  before  us  in  the  counfel  chamber  at  White-hall ,  both  the  faid  lord  Sheffield 44  himfelf  and  thofe  that  followed  the  caufe  on  the  part  and  behalte  of  the  faid  city,  en- 44  tred  into  the  hearing  of  the  faid  caufe  and  heard  at  large  the  allegations  on  both  fides, 44  amongft  which  there  were  read  unto  us  by  thofe  which  followed  the  matter  for  the  city 44  certain  words  of  a  charter  granted  unto  them  by  king  Richard  the  fecond,  as  followeth, 44  Et  infuper  conceffimus  et  hac  carta  nojlra  confirm e^vimus  nobis  et  hered.  nofiris  prefatis 4 c  civibus  et  eormn  hered.  et  fiucceffioribus ,  imprimis  quod  major  diet,  chitatis  et  fucceffiores  fui  qui 44 pro  tempore  fuerint  gladium fuum  eis  per  nos  datum  aut  alium  gladium  qualem  eis  planter  it 44  extra  prefentiam  nofir  am  et  hered.  nofirorum  habeant  portatum,  et port  ari  facere  poffint  coram 44  eis  puntlu  erefto  in  prefentia  tarn  aliorum  magnatum  et  dominoruin  regni  nofiri  Anglie  qui  nos 44  line  a  confanguinitatis  attingunt  et  quorumeunque  aliorum  quam  alio  modo  quocumque,  et  quod 44 fervientes  clavarum  majoris  et  vicecomitum  civitatis  predifte  et  fucceffiorum  fuorum  qui  pro  tern- “  pore  fuerint  clavas  fuas  auratas  vel  argenteas  aut  argent  at  as  et  figno  armorum  nofirorum  et  he- “  red.  nofirorum  ornatas  tarn  in  prefentia  noftra  et  heredum  nofirorum  quam  in  prefentia  confer - 44  tis  nofire  future  aut  matrum  heredum  nofirorum  predittorum  infra  didlam  civitatem  et  fuburbia 44  ejufdem  et  eorum  precinftum  prout  proprii  fervientes  nofiri  ad  armapro  libito  deferre  vale  ant  licite 44  impune  abfque  occafione  vel  impetitione  nofiri  vel  hered.  nofirorum  in  futurum ,  which  words 41  they  for  the  city  urged  againft  the  challenges  of  the  faid  lord  Sheffield ,  unto  which  at  the “  time  anfwer  was  given,  that  the  faid  lord  Sheffield  being  his  highnefs’s  lieutenant  within 44  the  faid  city  was  not  reftrained  or  barred  by  the  faid  words,  by  reafon  of  which  pre- 44  fences  of  right  on  either  fide  fome  fcruple  and  doubt  in  law  arifing  upon  the  words  of  that “  laid  antient  claufe,  and  the  letters  patents  of  lieutenancy  of  the  faid  lord  Sheffield ,  we 44  could  not  determine  the  faid  controverfy  ourfelves,  nor  make  relation  of  the  ftate  of  the “  faid  caufe  to  the  fatisfatftion  of  his  majefty,  until  that  doubt  in  point  of  law  were  other- 44  wife  cleared  unto  us,  whereupon  our  refolutions  at  that  time  were  to  make  flay  of  fur- 44  ther  proceeding  untill  we  had  conferred  with  fome  of  the  judges,  and  received  their  opi- 44  nions  therein  •,  and  afterwards  having  been  fundry  times  petitioned  by  thofe  that  folli- 44  cited  the  caufe  for  the  faid  city  to  enter  into  fome  further  confideration  and  hearing  there- 44  of,  we  directed  our  letters  unto  fir  Edward  Coke ,  knt.  lord  chief  juftice  of  the  common 44  pleas  and  fir  Lawrence  Tanfield,  knt.  lord  chief  baron  of  his  highnefs’s  court  of  exche- 44  quer,  intreating  their  lordffiips  by  our  faid  letters  to  confider  both  of  the  words  of  the 44  charter  granted  unto  the  faid  city,  and  likewile  of  the  right  claimed  by  the  faid  lord 44  Sheffield ,  by  virtue  of  his  patent  of  lieutenancy,  and  thereof  to  certify  their  opinions  as 44  by  our  faid  letters  bearing  date  the  15th  day  of  December ,  1608.  it  doth  and  may  more 44  at  large  and  more  plainly  appear.  Upon  receipt  of  which  our  letters  the  faid  reverend 44  and  learned  judges  met  and  perufed  the  claufes  of  the  faid  antient  charter  made  to  the 44  faid  city,  and  of  the  patent  of  lieutenancy  granted  to  the  faid  lord  Sheffield ,  and  touch* 44  ing  the  queftion  in  law  and  right  thereof,  certified  their  opinions  by  their  letters,  viz. 44  that  the  mayor  of  York  ought  not  to  deliver  up  the  fword  of  juftice  which  he  holdeth 44  by  charter,  nor  to  abafe  and  bear  down  the  fame  (efpecially  in  time  of  peace)  in  the 44  prefence  of  the  lord  Sheffield  his  majefty’s  lieutenant  there  ;  and  the  faid  judges  princi- 44  pally  grounded  their  reafons  upon  the  charter  of  king  Richard  the  fecond  made  to  the 44  laid  city  in  the  words  aforefaid,  as  by  the  faid  letters  bearing  date  the  iSth  day  of  Fe- 44  bruary ,  1608.  it  doth  and  may  more  at  large  appear.  We  therefore  the  faid  commif- 44  mlffioners  being  refolved  of  the  faid  ambiguity  and  doubt  in  law,  and  having  before 44  that  time  with  advice  and  mature  deliberation  duly  pondered  and  confidered  the  faid 44  challenges  and  the  reafons  thereof,  and  all  other  allegations  on  both  fides,  as  well  in 44  matter  of  precedent  and  practice  as  otherwife,  and  finding  no  reafon  in  any  thing  to “  diffcnc APPENDIX. “  diffent  from  the  opinion  of  the  faid  two  reverend  judges,  did  after  due  confideration  a c- *'  quaint  his  majefty  with  the  ftate  of  the  laid  caufe  and  controverfy  aforclaid,  and  with “  the  whole  paflkge  and  proceeding  therein:  and  thereupon  his  majefty  was  plofed  to  de- ‘  liver  his  royal  opinion  and  cenfure  to  this  effebt,  that  for  his  own  part  he  had  been  of ‘the  fame  mind  ever  fmce  his  firft  reading  qf  the  petition,  though  it  pleafed  him  for  his ,  °™  be"er  fitisfadion  to  require  the  |udgment  of  the  lords  commiffioners  for  the  office  of earl  marlhal,  which  do  commonly  examine  matters  of  this  nature  with  great  judgment  and equity,  wherefore  finding  now  that  upon  further  confideration  the  laws  ot  honour  do  fo ‘  fitly  luite  and  concur  with  the  laws  of  the  land,  and  the  judges  of  the  court  of  chivalry in  their  opinion  with  the  judges  of  the  point  in  law,  his  majefty  doth  likewife  declare himfelf  to  agree  refolutely  with  both  their  opinions.  We  therefore  his  faid  majefty’s commiffioners  for  caufes  determinable  by  the  earle  marlhal’s  court  according  unto  his hignnefss  reference  unto  us  for  ending  of  the  laid  controverfy,  finding  no  great  diffi- culty  in  the  fame,  and  being  warranted  both  by  the  I  he  opinion  of  the  faid  reverend judges,  and by  his  majefty’s  molt  wife  and  royal  cenfure  for  the  avoiding  of  all  future and  further  differences,  do  order  and  determine  that  from  henceforth  the  faid  lord-mayor aldermen  ffieriffs  and  commonality  of  the  faid  city  of  York  for  the  time  hcina,  (hall quietly  and  peaceably  enjoy  the  liberty  and  priviledge  of  the  faid  charter  of  king  Richard the  fecond  unto  them  granted,  according  to  the  words  of  the  faid  charter,  and  the  true intent  and  meaning  of  the  fame,  plainly  expounded  by  the  lords  of  the  commiffion  and thofe  two  grave  and  learned  judges  of  the  law,  and  confirmed  by  his  royal  majefty,  and may  have  the  fword  carried  before  the  faid  lord -mayor  for  the  time  heing  with  the  point ereft  upward  and  not  abated,  in  the  prefence  of  the  faid  ford  lieutenant  for  the  time being,  without  any  delivery  up  of  the  fame  at  all,  the  aforefaid  challenge  or  claime  of  the laid  lord  Sbejfield  as  lieutenant  of  the  faid  county  and  city  of  York,  or  any  like  challenge “  and  cJa,me  ofany  other  lieutenant  for  the  time  to  come,  or  any  other  pretence  or  former “  precedent  to  the  contrary  m  any  wife  notwithftanding.  For  confirmation  and  publick “  tdtimony  whereof  we  have  hereunto  fet  our  hands  and  fixed  our  feveral  feals  of  arms, “  the  twelfth  day  °f  May  in  the  years  of  the  reign  of  our  foveraign  lord  James,  by  the *  8race  °*  G°d  king  of  England ,  Scotland ,  France  and  Ireland  defender  of  the  faith,  &c. “  that  is  to  fay,  of  England ,  France  and  Ireland  the  feventh,  and  of  Scotland  the  two  and “  fortieth. H.  NOT  HAMPTON,  LENOX, NOTINGHAM,  T.SUFFOLKE , S.  F.  WORCESTER. “  Irrotulat.  et  examinat.  per  me  Johannem  Givillim  regijlrum  ojjicii  curie  Marifcal. P.  184.  Sell.  1.  “  Ihould  have  the  precedence  of  the  merchant” Since  we  are  here  upon  precedence  1  (hall  chufe  to  fubjoin  a  decree  for  precedency  of place  between  the  citizens  of  York  and  the  dignitaries,  ecclefiafticks,  and  men  of  the  fpi. ritual  court,  belonging  to  the  church  of  Fork,  made  by  cardinal  JVolfey.  Alfo  a  cafe  be- twixt  two  aldermen  of  York  anfwered  by  fir  William  Dugdale,  knt.  'relating  to  the  like affair  of  precedency  betwixt  them. A  decree  for  predecency  of  place  between  the  citizens  of  York,  and  them  of  the  fpiritual  court. “  /-v  r>a  nomine.  Amen.  By  this  prefent  publique  inftruinent  it  may  evidently  appear „  a  R-  t0  !  and  berk,nown  thac  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  God  1526,  the  Nth  in- , J°r,  the  thu,rd  rrX  the  Prelacy  of  the  m°fl  holy  father  in  Chrift  and  pur  Lord  the lord  Clement  by  the  divine  providence  pope  the  feventh  of  that  name,  the  ,  fib  day  of the  moneth  of  June  within  the  metropolmcal  church  of  St.  Peter  in  York,  in  the  con- ‘  fiftory  of  the  moft  reverend  father  in  Chrift  and  Lord,  lord  Thomas  by  divine  mercy  of „  r  a  7  er  °l  t  C'C‘y  pne^’  Ih°'  W°V<y  cardinal  of  the  moft  holy  Roman  church  arch¬ er  r“LP!™ate  of  England,  chancellor  and  legate  of  the  apoftolical  fee,  and of  the  laterane,  before  the  venerable  man  Mr.  William  Clifton  debtor  of  the  decrees  offi- ‘  cial  and  general  comm.ffary  of  the  facred  church  of  York,  Reginald  Baffey,  notary  pub- „  !i^u5.  °[  tbe.  facr?d  apoftolical  authority,  and  one  of  the  general  proftors  ol  the  faid  court lt  m  ' r  be,"g  thereunto  perfonally  appointed,  prefented  and  exhibited  to  the  aforefaid Mr  Commiffary,  a  certain  publique  inftrument  made,  fubferibed  and  figned  as  there - „  bJ  (Prlma  facie)  may  appear  by  Mr.  Peter  of  Winton,  clerk  of  the  diocefc of  Carlijle,  no- tary  publique  by  the  apoftolical  authority  under  the  year,  day  and  place  in  the  faid  in- „  ftrunTnt  “n;a!ned’  j10'  corrupted,  not  cancelled,  not  rafed,  not  worne  out,  nor  in  any part  thereof  fufpebted  but  altogether  without  blemiffi,  clear  of  all  fufpicion.  The  te- *  nor  whereof  doth  follow  in  thefe  words, “  I^Pn  n™line->  Amen.  By  this  prefent  publick  inftrument  it  may  manifeftly  appear -  ,C(?  a[f  [°en>  that  in  year  of  our  Lord  God  1411,  in  the  firft  year  of  the  bi- a  °f>rlc  v  0  fj}e  t110^  holy  father  in  Chrift  and  Lord,  lord  John  by  the  divine  provi- ence  pope  or  that  name  the  three  and  twentieth,  the  fourth  induction,  and  the  nth “  day xxiv \xv  - A  P  P  E  N  D  1  X. day  of  the  moneth  of  Augujl ,  the  mo  ft  reverend  father  in  God  and  Lord  lord  Henry  by “  the  divine  mercy  archbifhop  of  York,  primate  of  England  and  legate  of  the  apoftolical k  fee,  fitting  publickly  in'  his  cathedral  church  of  York,  calling  before  him  the  honourable man  Nicholas  Blackburne ,  the  fame  year  lord  major  of  the  city  of  York ,  with  two  al¬ ts  dermen  of  the  faid  city  hereafter  named,  for  making  of  an  order  for  ever  hereafter “  faithfully  to  be  obferved  between  the  worthy  men,  the  advocates  and  proftors  and  the “  reft  of  the  minifters  of  their  court  of  York  of  the  one  partie,  the  citizens  of  the  city  of “  York  by  their  exprefs  affent  and  alfo  by  the  confent  of  the  major  and  aldermen  hereafter “  named,  for  them  and  their  fucceffors,  the  commonalitye  and  all  and  fingular  the  citizens “  of  the  fame  city  on  the  other  partie,  for  certain  reafonable  caufes  them  thereunto  move- “  ing,  and  efpecially  for  avoiding  of  ftrife  and  contention  between  the  aforefaid  parties, “  did  ordaine,  determine  and  decree  in  and  by  all  things  as  hereafter  is  contained  ;  firft, “  the  faid  moft  reverend  father  the  forenamed  lord  archbifhop  hath  ordained,  determined “  and  decreed  that  the  advocates  of  the  court  of  York ,  which  are  prebendaries  in  his  cathe- “  dral  church  of  York,  (ball  give  place  and  preheminence  to  the  major  of  theecity  of  York “  for  the  time  being,  but  of  the  reft  of  the  citizens,  yea  aldermen  which  have  be  n  majors  of “  the  faid  city,  they  fhall  take  place  and  precedencye  :  alfo  he  hath  ordained,  determinedand “  agreed  that  the  advocates  of  the  faid  courts  of  2'ork,  being  doeftors  of  the  one  or  the  other “  law  and  not  prebendarys,  fhall  equally  affociate  themfelves  with  the  aldermen  which «  have  been  majors  •,  that  the  elder  doctor  fhall  affociate  himfelf  with  the  elder  aldermen 6‘  which  have  been  majors  in  this  manner,  that  when  many  advocates  being  dodtors  fhall “  meet  with  many  aldermen  which  have  been  majors,  the  elder  dodtor  fhall  affociate  him- *(  felf  with  the  elder  aldermen,  and  the  younger  dodtor  with  the  younger  aldermen  :  al- fo  he  hath  ordained,  determined  and  decreed  that  the  advocates  of  the  laid  court,  not “  being  prebendaries  nor  dodtors,  fhall  give  place  to  the  aldermen  which  have  been  majors, “  but  to  the  other  aldermen  which  do  expedt  the  majoralty  they  fhall  affociate  together “  and  if  many  meet  with  many,  the  elder  with  the  elder  and  the  younger  with  the  younger fhall  affociate  together  in  the  manner  as  aforefaid  i  but  fuch  advocates  fhall  take  place cf  all  other  citizens,  yea  the  fheriff  of  2"ork  for  the  time  being:  alfo  he  hath  ordained, “  determined  and  decreed  that  the  prodtors  of  his  faid  court  which  are  feribes  or  regifters “  of  the  faid  moft  reverend  father  in  God  or  of  the  dean  and  chapter  of  York,  as  the  re- “  giftry  of  his  confiftory  court  of  York,  chancery,  exchequer,  or  clerk  of  the  chapter  of <<  York,  fhall  give  place  to  the  fheriffs  of  York  for  the  time  being,  but  fhall  go  before  all “  other  citizens,  yea  fuch  as  have  paffed  that  office:  alfo  he  hath  ordained,  determined “  and  decreed  that  all  prodtors  of  his  faid  court,  which  do  not  enjoy  the  faid  offices,  fhall “  give  place  to  the  fheriffes  for  the  time  being,  the  clerks  of  the  mayor,  fheriffes  or  com- “  monality  of  the  faid  city,  the  keeper  or  mafter  of  the  fraternity,  or  guild  of  St.  Cbri- “ Jlopher  and  St.  George  for  the  time  being  :  alfo  he  hath  ordained,  determinedand  decreed “  that  the  general  apparitor  of  his  faid  court  of  York,  and  fubnotaries  of  the  faid  court, “  fhall  give  place  to  the  chamberlains  of  the  city  of  York,  and  alfo  to  the  mayor  and “  fheriffs  or  commonalities  clerks ,  and  to  the  keeper  or  mafter  of  the  fraternity  or “  guild  aforefaid,  but  fhall  keep  place  of  all  other  citizens  of  the  faid  city  ;  and  hereupon “  the  aforenamed  lord-mayor  with  the  aldermen  within  named,  in  their  names  and  of  all “  the  city  for  them  and  their  fucceffors,  openly,  publickly,  plainly  and  exprefly  did  give “  their  confent,  that  all  and  fingular  in  thefe  prefent  ordinancies,  determinations  and  de- “  crees  contained  and  comprehended  by  the  faid  moft  reverend  father  lord  Henry  archbi- “  fhop  aforefaid  made,  decreed  and  ordained ;  and  moreover  the  faid  moft  reverend  father “  in  God  the  lord  Henry  archbifhop  aforefaid,  by  his  ordinary  and  paftoral  power  hath “  decreed  all  and  fingular  the  premiffes  contained  in  the  ftatutes  aforementioned  between “  the  parties.  Thefe  written  fubferibed,  recited  and  delivered  in  the  year  abovefaid,  be¬ ts  ing  the  day  of  the  moneth  aforefaid,  the  moft  honourable  man  Nicholas  Blackburne  then “  lord-mayor  of  the  city  of  York ,  John  Craven  and  Richard  Holme  aldermen  of  the  city  of “  York,  and  Richard  Buryke  and  Richard  Arnell  advocates  to  the  court  of  York,  being  do¬ ss  (ftors  of  the  law,  with  many  other  citizens  called  to  be  witneffes,  and  I  Peter  of  IV inton, “  clerk  of  the  diocefe  of  Carli/le ,  publick  notary  by  apoftolical  authority  under  the  moft c‘  reverend  father  in  God  Henry  archbifhop  of  York  as  aforefaid,  and  in  the  year  of  ponti- fical  induction  aforefaid. “  Subfcribed  by  the  hands  and  feals  of  both  parties  and  the  witneffes  aforefaid,  I  do “  proclame  this  to  be  a  true  and  perfeft  decree. “  Recorded  in  the  exchequer  amongft  the  rolls,  regiftred  in  the  book  of  cardinal  IVolfey “  where  in  the  latter  part  thereof  this  ordination  is  regiftered. Toe appendix. xxvi Jbi  cafe  between  two  aldermen  of  York  anfwered  by  William  Dugdale,  Norroy  king  of  arms An  g.  >2,  1669,  as  to  the  quefeion  of  precedency  in  a  corporation  by  the  young  eft  alderman who  hath  obtained  the  dignity  of  knighthood ,  before  a  more  antient  alderman  who  is  no  k'mght. Ex  MS. “  "jpHAT  thefe  aldermen  are  in  that  corporation  to  take  place  according  to  their  fe- 1-  “  niority,  as  aldermen,  norwithftanding  the  dignity  of  knighthood  conterred  upon «  either  of  them  ■,  that  title  and  dignity  giving  him  no  precedency  there. “  I  do  remember  that,  not  long  fince,  there  was  fome  fuch  queftion  propofed  upon  the “  like  cafe,  concerning  fome  of  the  aldermen  of  Briflol,  and  refolved  accordingly  ;  but  till «  I  come  to  London  I  cannot  give  a  punctual  anfwer  to  the  names  of  the  perlons  nor  to the  direct  time  when  it  happened. “  In  the  fociety  of  the  lawyers  at  Lincoln’s-im  there  was  a  fpecial  order,  as  appears  by “  the  regifter,  made  in  the  eighteenth  year  of  king  James,  upon  advice  and  confidera- “  tion  had  of  the  praftice  held  in  other  inns  of  court  and  publick  places  of  corporations, “  where  additions  give  no  precedency  of  their  antients,  (as  are  the  words  of  that  order) “  that  no  bencher  being  knighted  and  made  mailer  of  chancery  in  ordinary  lhall  take “  place  within  the  houfe-,  but  in  the  courfe  of  antiquity  and  not  otherways. “  The  fame  rule  is  held  amongll  the  heralds  at  arms,  (who  are  a  body  corporate)  viz. “  that  a  younger  herald  though  a  knight  doth  not  proceed  his  fenior  in  time  though  no “  knight  ■,  as  it  was  in  the  cafe  of  fir  Henry  St.  George  knight,  who  was  Richmond  in  the “  late  king’s  time.  And  is  now  the  cafe  of  fir  Thomas  St.  George ,  who  is  Somerfet  he¬ 's  raid  at  "this  prefent,  all  his  feniors  preceding  him  fince  he  was  knighted,  as  they  did “  before. P.  r  85.  Sell.  3.  On  the  eleftion  of  a  mayor.  “  But  more  antiently  it  was  otherwife  ;  and “  be  inn  chofen  then  by  the  whole  body  of  the  citizens,  without  any  form,  day  or  order, “  the  elections  were  ufually  tumultuous  and  attended  with  dangerous  confequences. I  fiiail  here  add  copies  from  two  records  relating  to  thefe  difienfions  1  the  latter  of  which was  little  lefs  than  an  abfolnte  rebellion  againft  the  civil  power,  and  a  fine  ot  a  thoufand marks  was  laid  upon  the  citizens  before  they  could  obtain  a  pardon  for  it. De  eligendo  majorem  in  civitate  Ebor.  Clauf.  45  Ed.  III.  m.  1. “  T)  E  X  ballivis  et  probis  hominibus  civitatis  noftrae  Ebor.  falutem.  Cum,  ut  accepit “  mils,  contentio  inter  Johannem  de  Langeton  et  Johannem  de  Gfebourne  cives  cjufdem “  civitatis,  videlicet  quis  eorum  pro  anno  praefenti  major  diftae  civitatis  fieret,  habeatur, “  per  quod  quamplures  cives  noftri  diftae  civitatis  uni  et  alteri  parti  adherentes  inter  fe “  graviter  certant  et  contendunt  in  terrorern  populi  noltri  diftae  civitatis  ac  pacis  nollrac “  ibidem  lefioncm  et  perturbationem  manifeftam,  unde  quamplurimum  conturbamur  :  nos “  volentes  periculo  in  hac  parte  imminenti  prout  convenit  obviare  et  pro  bono  regimine  ejuf- “  dem  civitatis  ordinare,  vobis  mandamus  firmiter  injungenres  quod  ftatim  vifis  praefeh- “  tibus  de  communi  affenfu  veftro  unum  civem  idoneum  diftae  civitatis  pro  regimine  ejuf- “  dem  civitatis  utilem  et  fidelem  pro  anno  prelenti  in  majorem  ibidem  eligi  et  ordinari “  faciatis.  Du:n  rumen  neuter  jiraediftoi'um  '/t'fuwi.u  et  Johannis  major,  ibidem  aliqualirer 11  exiftat  nec  fe  de  eleftione  ejufdem  majoris  in  aliquo  intromittat.  Vobis  etiarn  dillriftius “  qua  poterimus  inhibemus,  ne  debata  contumelias  aut  conventicula  aliqua  in  civitate  prae- “  difta  per  quod  pax  noftta  ledi  aut  populus  noller  ibidem  terreri  valeant,  qualitercunque “  fieri  permittatis. “  Telle  rege  apud  fifed.  20  die  Januarii. Per  ipfum  regem  et  concilium. Rot.  pari.  4.  Ric.  II.  n.  50.  tranfeated  from  the  original  French. •*  fame  city,  nearly  touching  the  royal  power  by  a  falfe  confederacy  amongll  themfelves. “  It  feems  that  Jute  de  Gijburgh  had  been  duly  elefted  mayor  at  the  ufual  day,  and  had “  held  the  office  peaceably  till  the  Monday  after  the  feaft  of  St.  Catherine  [ November  27.] “  following.  When  the  fame  evil  minded  perfons  afiembled  themfelves  and  drove  the “  faid  mayor  out  of  the  city.  Then  thefe  people  with  axes  and  other  inftruments  broke “  open  the  doors  and  windows  of  the  Gild-hall,  entered  and  made  one  Simotl  de  Suixley “  fwear  to  be  their  mayor  againft  his  inclinations  and  thofe  of  the  principal  inhabitants  of “  the  faid  city,  whom  notwithftanding  they  alfo  made  fwear,  for  fear  of  death,  to  their “  new  mayor.  After  this  they  made  a  new  ordinance,  that  when  che  clocks  upon  the  bridge <*  (hould  ftrike  aubeUiacD  as  well  by  day  as  by  night,  that  then  the  commons  of  the  faid “  city  fhould  rife  ami  make  proclamation  of  feveral  other  new  ordinances  by  them  made, S  D  “  contrary 4 XXVI 1 appendix. “  contrary  to  the  good  cutloms  of  the  city  heretofore  made.  That  the  faid  people  con- “  tmued  and  abounded  m  thefe  and  feveral  other  horrible  faftsfrom  day  to  day  aimoit  to “  tlle  utter  undoing  of  the  faid  city,  and  fome  peril  to  the  whole  realm,  unlefs  a  fpeedy “  chadifement  be  ordered’  fuch  as  it  fhall  pleafe  the  lords  and  other  wife  men  ol  the  king “  dom  t0  °rder>  that  other  mifcreants  of  the  kingdom  may  take  warning  by  the  punilh “  mentof  thefe.  °  r 1  he  king  would  that  by  theconfent  of  the  lords  and  commons  in  parliament  that  a “  commiffion  Ihould  be  lent  in  all  hade  to  the  earl  of  Northumberland  and  fome  other  lords knights  and  efquires  of  the  countrey,  to  enquire  ol  thefe  malefactors  by  the  help  of  fome “  honeft  people  near  the  city,  mis  el  modis,  and  in  every  other  manner  that  to  them  feems “proper,  m  order  to  comeat  the  truth  of  this  affair,  and  take  the  names  of  the  molt “  gullfy>  and  certify  them  to  the  king  and  council  without  delay  ;  in  order  to  inflict  fuch  a 11  punifhment  on  them  as  ffiould  be  an  example  to  all  other  rioters  in  the  kingdom.  Briefs “  were  made  and  to  Tork  by  ferjeants  at  arms  to  feizeand  bring  up  to  the  kins; •“  and  council  twenty  four  of  the  molt  notorious  offenders,  councellors  and  abettors  of  the “  faid  not ;  of  which  twenty  four,  their  names  fhould  be  brought  to  the  chancellor  of  En- “  gland,  and  themfelves  put  into  fife  cuftody  without  bail  or  mainprize,  until  the  faid  earl “and  his  companions  judices  in  the  fame  commiffion  had  certified  what  they  had  found “  out  relating  to  the  affair. “  A  wb  was  a'bo  fent  to  Simon  de  guixley  the  mayor  only  of  the  confederacy  not  to  med¬ dle  at  all  with  the  office  of  mayor,  nor  take  to  himfelf  royal  power  contrary  to  the  king’s “  crown  and  dignity  ;  and  that  he  fhould  appear  at  a  certain  day  before  the  khm  and “  council  to  anfwer  to  the  faff,  Lie.  ° “  A|lb  another  brief  was  fent  to  John  de  Gijburgh  the  real  mayor  of  the  faid  city,  com- “  ntanding  him  to  execute  his  office  of  mayoralty  during  his  year,  according  to  the  cuftoms “  and  ufages  of  the  laid  city. “  ®nc  °tber  brief  was  fent  to  the  bailiffs  and  honed  citizens  and  all  the  commonality “  ot  the  >ald  city,  commanding  them  to  acknowledge  the  faid  John  as  their  mayor,  as  one “  chat  reprefented  the  edate  of  our  lord  the  king,  on  pain  of  forfeiting  every  thing  that “  could  be  forfeited  to  the  king  ;  and  the  king  commanded  that  proclamation  fhould  be “  made  of  thefe  matters  throughout  the  city,  that  none  might  plead  ignorance  ol  them. P .  187.  Seel.  6,  “  they  unanimoudy  joined  in  a  petition  to  a  parliament^  &c.” The  petition  with  the  king’s  alfent  to  it  is  as  follows. Ex  rotulo  ■parliament:  anno  29.  Hen.  VI.  n.  21. >  CBfccljen  nickels  tbc  mairc  ano  citcjcns  of  tljc  citie  of  Yorke,  that  Inhere  grcfc  m* )  conbcmcncies  ana  hurt  Ijnfl)  fallen  of  late  tn  tljc  raise  ate,  ano  moo  in  time  commit been  likely  to  fall  Suit fjoate  probilton  fljerm  be  haooc  bp  tljattljat  bybers  nno  crtcyn  pecs foncs  ritciemsof  flic  fain  cifcc  fjabc  puretjafeo  anb  gotett  of  cure  foberaync  lojo  tljc  king fcbcral  letters  patentes,  tljcy  thereby  to  be  cccmpfe  of  tljc  offices  anb  occupations  of  mairal* ty,  fijirrcMnykc,  djaumbcrleynajip,  collccto;  of  Cymes  anb  pbmes  anb  atcjcn  of  tljc  faio  cifcc fo  come  to  parliaments  of  our  fato  foberayn  lo;b  (lie  kyng  anb  bis  heirs  imtljm  tljc  fate  cifcc El;at  it  pleafe  you  to  pjay  ourc  foberaync  lojb  tljc  king  to  cffabliflj  anb  cnactc  by  tips  p’cfcnt parlcmcnt  by  tljalfcnt  of  Ijis  lotos  fpintualr  ano  temporal*  in  ftjis  prefent  parlement  allrmblcD anb  by  fljantbo’itic  of  tljc  fame,  tljat  all  fuel)  letters  pattenfes  to  any  perfone  or  perfomtes noui  ciicjcns  of  tljc  faib  atcc,  0;  that  in  fyme  comyng  Qjall  be  mabc,  grauntcb,  oi  to  be  mace oj  grauntcb,  be  boibc  ano  of  noon  cffccfc.  anb  ober  tljat  yf  any  dtcjeyn  of  tljc  faio  cifcc nodi  beyng,  01  tljat  in  tyme  comyng  fljall  be  pureijafe,  aomitfe,  take  0;  gctc  any  fuch  let* fers  patentes  tljcrby  to  be  crcmptco  of  any  of  tljc  offictes  02  occupations  afotefaio  tuitljiii  iljc fame  atcc  foffcitfoity  pounbs,  tljc  0011  fjalf  to  ourc  fobcrcign  lojo  tljc  king,  ano  tfjc  other  half to  tfic  mairc  ano  rite  jtins  of  rtjc  faio  atcc  aim  tjjcir  fucceiTonrs.  flno  tljat  tijc  mairc  fo’  t(je tyme  bring  anb  bis  fuccctfours  may  babe  anb  maynten  actions  of  bettc,  to  ocmatmoc  ffjc raib  fo.’ty  poimo  agayucs  ebery  of  tijc  faio  perfone  0:  pcrfoncs,  fuel)  letters  patentes  of  cr- emption,  pnrrbaling,  aomytting,  fakyng  02  gettyng  tljc  oon  Ijalfc  of  tljc  faio  fottn  poimo  foo rcrobcrco  to  be  to  tljc  ufe  of  ourc  faio  foberaync  tijc  lojb  tljc  king  ano  Ijis  bares,  ano  Hjc odjcr  Ijalf  of  the  faio  forty  poimo  to  be  to  tljc  ufe  of  tijc  mairc  of  tljc  faio  ritcc  fo:  Itjc  tyme beyng,  ano  of  tijc  ritejems  of  the  fame  cifcc  anb  tljcir  fnccstrouts  ;  ano  that  in  fuel)  actions of  bettc  hereafter  to  be  fuco  tljc  parties  befenbanntes  ne  tljc  partic  Befenoaunt  in  noo  talc be  abmittco  to  tljnr  lauie. Rh  Je  roy  le  voet. 7  his  is  a  true  enpy  of  the  record,  George  Holmes  deputy  keeper  of  the  records in  the  tower  of  London. P.  201  and  202.  On  paying  toll  at  Bitrrougb-bridge. I  he  following  entry  is  made  in  the  city’s  olded  regider,  now  remaining  in  the  common hall, /p/.  315.  of  a  bill  of  complaint ,  exhibited  to  the  court  and  council  of  John  duke  of j.amajter ,  then  lord  of  the  honour  of  Knarejburgh  relating  to  a  capture  of  tolls  from  the citizens  of  Tori:  at  Birerougb. bridge.  Which,  with  the  dukes  mandate  and  inquifuion  taken there- APPENDIX. thereupon,  as  alio  a  copy  of  the  inrolment  in  the  court  at  Knarejburgh ;  lhall  be  given  in the  original  language, “  A  t  fiiige  confeil  court  fgracioufe  feign,  le  roy  de  ChaJHll  et  Leon  due  de  Lancajlre “  fuppliont  lez  citezeins  de  la  citee  noftre  fur  le  roy  Deverwyk  que  come  ils  ont  eftee  devant “  ces  heures  quites  de  touz  maner  de  tolnuz  et  cu Humes  a  Burghbrigg  fanz  afeune  deftour- “  bancc  come  il  ell  bien  conuz  par  tote  la  pais  environ  et  ore  de  novelle  les  ditz  citezeins  font “  deftreintz  par  les  miniftres  lour  ditz  feign,  a  ditz  ville  de  Burghbrigg  pur  paier  tolnuz  en- “  contre  les  ufages  avant  ces  heures  a  grant  damage  des  ditz  citee  et  citezeins,  quil  plefe “  comander  les  ditz  miniftres  de  ceffer  des  cieux  deftreffes  et  demandes  et  qils  feoft'rent  les “  ditz  citezeins  eftre  quytes  de  touz  maner  de  tolnuz  come  ils  ount  avant  ces  heures  eiantz “  regarde  ft  vous  plefe  que  lourditz  gracious  feign,  lour  prometta  qil  ne  voleit  lever  des “  ditz  citezeins  novelles  cuftomes. “  Et  fur  ceo  le  ditz  feign,  manda  ces  lettres  en  maner  que  enfuytz. “  Johan  par  la  grace  de  Dieu  roi  de  Cajlill  et  de  Leon  due  de  Lancajlre ,  a  noftre  chier “  ft  bien  amcez  William  de  Nejfefeld  noftre  chief  fenelhal  deins  l’onor  de  Kmirefeburgb  faluz. “  Nos  vos  envoi  omes  clofe  deins  cedes  une  bille  qele  eftoit  baillier  a  noftre  confaill  par “  les  citeins  du  citee  de  Everwick  mandantz  que  vieio  et  entenduz  la  dite  bille  et  1’endorce- “  ment  duycelle  et  liew  fur  les  articles  contenuz  en  y  celles  bone  et  diligent  information “  E  hum  par  inquifition  cut  affiiir  par  bones  et  loialxgentz  de  noftre  feignier  celles  parties “  come  en  autre  maner  ct  de  ceo  que  vous  troverez  par  mefmes  les  inquifition  et  informa- “  don  certifiez  a  noftre  ditz  confeil  a  Loundre  entre  cy  et  la  lendemayne  de  la  purification “  noftre  dame  prochaine  avenir  fouz  veftre  feal  et  les  fealz  des  ceaux  par  quex  mefme  la “  inquifition  ferra  fait  diftinftement  et  apartement  remandantz  a  noftre  ditz  confeill  adon- “  qties  celles  noz  lettres  ovefque  la  dite  bille.  Donne  a  noftre  manoir  de  la  Savvoie  le “  tierez  jour  de  Decemb.  l’anne  du  regne  noftre  tres  refdoute  feign,  et  peer  et  le  roi  de  En- “ glcterre  47  et  de  Fraunce  34. “  Par  vertu  de  qele  lettre  le  dit  Wiliam  prill  enqueft  en  maner  que  enfuyte,  inquifitio “  c.ipt  apud  Knarejburgh  10.  die  Januar.  anno  regni  regis  Edwardi  tertii  poft  conqueflum “  quadragelimo  feptimo  coram  Willielmo  de  Nejfefeld  capital,  fenefcall.  ibidem  virtute  ]i- 11  re  re  domini  regis  Cajlill.  et  Legion,  due  Lane,  eidem  p Villiehno  direct,  ad  inquirend.  de “  certis  articulis  in  quadam  billa  infra  literam  predictam  claufa  content,  ad  perfecutionem “  civium  civit.  Ebor.  perlacrament.  Bacardi  de  Pykering  Roberti  de  Normandy  Ad.  de  Kygheley “  Johannes  Ward  Hug.  Tankard  Johannis  Guddale  Roberti  Percy  Johannis  Ward  de  Skot- “  loti  Roberti  Kay,  "johannis  de  Newton  Ad.  de  Kendalc,  Johannis  Sturgys  et  Johannis  de  Brune “  *  Rouclyf'yav.  qui  dicunt  l'uper  lacrament.  fuum  quod  predifticives  civit.  predifte  de  toto “  tempore  quo  non  extat  memoria  quied  fuerunt  de  tolneto  infra  villam  et  dominium  de “  Burghbrigg  prout  iidem  cives  civitat.  predifte  per  billam  fuam  prediflam  in  predicla  litera “  nonex.  fupponunt  et  ficut  per  diverfas  cartas  regum  Anglic  progenitor,  domini  regis  nunc “  Angl.  de  omni  tolneto  prediflis  civibus  faftas  et  conceff.  rationabilit.  teftant.  quoufque  mi- “  mrtn  predifte  ultitne  regine  Angl.  pro  tolneto  predifto  cives  prediftos  diftr.  que  quidem “  diftrictiones  poftea  deliberat.  fuerunt  per  breve  domini  regis  virtute  cartarum  provenito- “  rum  domini  regis  nunc  Angl  prediftarum,  et  fic  quied  fuerunt  ab  illo  tempore  quoufque “  miniftri  difti  domini  regis  Cajlelle  et  Legion,  nunc  de  novo  fuper  eifdem  civibus  civitat. “  predifte  pro  tolneto  predifto  ceperunt  vadia  et  diftriftiones  contra  libertat.  fuas  pre- “  diftas  antiquitus,  et  de  jure  conceff.  et  ufitat.  In  cujus  rei  teftimon.  pred.  jur.  huic  in- “  quif.  figilla  lua  appofuer.  dat.  loco  die  et  anno  fuperdiftis. “  Quedam  irrotulatio  fafta  in  cur.  de  Knarejburgh  tent,  ibidem  die  Mercurii  18  die  Ja- “  »naru  anno  regni^  regis  Edwardi  tertii  poll  conqueftum  47.  de  quadam  inquifitione  capt “  ibidem  die  Marlis  1  7  die  Januar.  anno  fuperdifto  coram  Willielmo  de  Nejjifeld  capital. “  fenefcall.  domini  Johannis  reg.  Cajlell.  et  Legion,  ct  due.  Lancaftre  et  de  honore  de  Ktm- “  rejbitrgh  virtute  cujufdam  litere  ipfius  regis  Cajlell.  et  Legion.  &c.  eidem  Willielmo  direfte “  inquirend.  de  ccrtis  articulis  in  litera  predifta  content,  ad  profecutionem  Rogeri  de ‘‘  Mercian  tunc  major,  civit.  Eborum  et  aliorum  civium  civitat.  predifte  in  hec  verba. ‘‘  Johan,  par  la  grace  de  Dieu  roi  de  Cajlill.  & c.  ut  patet  ex  altera  parte  folii  &c.  Et  vir- “  tute  bille  predifte  infra  diftam  literam  claufe  in  hec  verba,  atffage  confeil  & c.  et  ut  patet “  ex  altera  parte  folii  &c.  l’endocement  du  dite  bille  in  hec  verba,  les  dits  citeins  ount  jour “  tanfte  lendemayne  de  la  chaundeleur.  Et  pur  ceo  foit  la  petition  mande  enclofe  les  let- “  tres  monftre  mande  a  William  de  Nejfefeld  fen.  illequos  pur  diligentement  enquere  com- “  ment  les  ditz  citeins  ount  paiez  tolnuz  avant  ces  heures  et  en  qele  maner  et  de  totes “  Es  circumftances  et  pur  certifier  iffuit  qe  droit  poit  dire  fait  videlicet  per  facrament  Ri- “  cardi  de  Pikeryn.g ,  Roberti  de  Normandeby  Adc  de  Kyghlay  Johannis  Ward  Hugoilis  Tankard “  Johannis  Gudeale  Roberti  Percy  Johannis  Warde  de  Skotlon  Roberti  Kay  Johannis  de  New- “  ion,  Johannis  Browned  Johannis  Sturgys  jur.  qui  dicunt  fuper  facrament  fuum  quod  pre- “  difti  cives  civit.  predifte  de  toto  tempore  quo  non  extat  memoria  quieti  fuerunt  de  tol- “  net0  infra  villam  et  dominium  de  Burghbrigg  prout  iidem  cives  civitat.  predifte  per  bil- “  lam  fuam  prediftam  in  predicla  litera  clauf.  fupponunt.  Et  ficut  per  diverfas  cartas “  regntitn  Angl.  progenitor,  domini  regis  nunc  Angl.  de  omni  tolneto  prediflis  civi- bus  faftas  et  conceff  13  rationabilit  teftant.  quoufque  miniftri  predifte  ultirne  regine “  glngl. 4 XX  lX APPENDIX ; cc  Angl.  pro  tolneto  predi&o  cives  pred'uftos  diftrinxerunt,  que  quidcm  diftrictiones  poftea cc  deliberat.  fuerunt  per  breve  domini  regis  virtute  cartarum  progenitorum  domini  regis cc  nUnc  Angl.  prediftarum  et  fic  quieti  fuerunt  ab  illo  tempore  quoufque  miniftri  didti  domi- «c  ni  regis  Cafiell.  et  Legion,  nunc  de  novo  fuper  eifdem  civib.  civitat.  predi&e  pro  tolneto cc  predifto  ceperunt  vadia  et  diftridtiones  contra  libertates  fuas  prediftas  antiquitus  et  de  jure “  conceff.  et  ufitat. cc  In  cuiusi  rei  teftimon.  predidti  jurator.  figilla  fua  appofuerunt  dat.  loco  die  et  anno *“  fupradidtis. P.  204.  In  the  charter  of  Henry  III.  for  nos  autempreditti  concejjiones ,  read,  predict  as  con- cejjiones. '  P.221,  in  fwords  and  maces,  “  the  largeft  was  the  gift  of  the  emperor  Sigifmund. ' It'feems  that  Sigifmund  offered  this  fword  at  the  altar  of  St.  George  in  the  chapel  of  Wind- for ,  when  he  was  made  knight  of  the  garter  the  eighth  of  Henry  V.  It  was  afterwards given  to  this  city  by  Henry  Hanfhap,  canon  of  Windfor,  born  at  or  near  York ,  annoitffi, Thomas  Ridley  then  lord-mayor.  From  a  loofe  note  in  fir  T.  W.  MS. P.223.  Sett,  penult.  “  Co’pus^tjrtat'pla^” This  piece  ol  religious  folemnity  I  have  extracted  and  tranflated  as  follows. The  feajl  and  pageantry  of  the  play  of  Corpus  Chrifti,  anciently  annually  exhibited  in  York, tranfated  from  an  entry  in  an  old  regifer  belonging  to  the  city.  fol.  269. “  j-N  the  name  of  God ,  Amen.  Whereas  for  a  long  courfe  of  time  the  artificers  and 1  “  tradefmen  of  the  city  of  York  have,  at  their  own  expence,  adted  plays-,  and  parti- “  cularly  a  certain  fumptuous  play,  exhibited  in  feveral  pageants,  wherein  the  hiftory  of <e  the  0ld  and  new  teftament  in  divers  places  of  the  faid  city,  in  the  feaft  of  Corporis “  Chrifli ,  by  a  folemn  proceffion,  is  reprefented,  in  reverence  to  the  lacrament  of  the “  body  of  Chrift.  Beginning  firft  at  the  great  gates  of  the  priory  of  the  holy  Trinity  in “  York ,  and  fo  going  in  proceffion  to  and  into  the  cathedral  church  of  the  fame  ;  and  af- « c  tcrwards  to  the  hofpital  of  St.  Leonard  in  Pork,  leaving  the  aforefaid  facrament  in  that “  place.  Proceeded  by  a  vaft  number  of  lighted  torches,  and  a  great  multitude  ol  priefts “  in  their  proper  habits,  and  followed  by  the  mayor  and  citizens  with  a  prodigious  croud “  of  the  populace  attending.  And  whereas,  upon  this,  a  certain  very  religious  father, cc  William  Mellon ,  of  the  order  of  the  friars  minors ,  profeffor  of  holy  pageantry,  and  a “  molt  famous  preacher  of  the  word  of  God,  coming  to  this  city,  in  feveral  fermons  re- “  commended  the  aforefaid  play  to  the  people;  affirming  that  it  was  good  in  it  felf  and i«  vcry  commendable  fo  to  do.  Yet  alfo  faid  that  the  citizens  of  the  faid  city,  and  other tc  foreigners  coming  to  the  faid  feaft,  had  greatly  difgraced  the  play  by  revellings,  drun- ct  kennefs,  ftiouts,  fongs  and  other  infolencies,  little  regarding  the  divine  offices  of  the  faid “  day.  And  what  is  to  be  lamented  they  loofe,  for  that  realon,  the  indulgences,  by  the tt  holy  father  pope  UrbanlV ,  in  this  part  gratioufly  conceded.  Thofe,  viz.  faithful  in cc  Chrift ,  who  attended  at  morning  fervice  at  the  faid  feaft  in  the  church  where  it  was “  celebrated,  an  hundred  days;  thofe  at  the  mafs  the  fame  ;  thofe  alfo,  who  came  to  the cc  firft  vefpers  of  the  faid  feaft,  the  like  an  hundred  days;  the  fame  in  the  fecond  ;  to cc  thofe  alfo,  who  were  at  the  firft,  third,  fixth  and  ninth  completory  offices,  for  every cc  hour  of  thofe  forty  days;  to  thofe  alfo,  who  attended  fervice  on  the  odtaves  of  the  faid cc  feaft,  at  mattins  or  vefpers,  mafs  or  the  aforefaid  hours,  an  hundred  days  for  every  day cc  of  the  faid  odtaves;  as  in  the  holy  canons,  for  this  end  made,  is  more  fully  contained  ; cc  and  therefore,  as  it  feemed  moft  wholfome  to  the  faid  father  William ,  the  people  of  the cc  city  were  inclined  that  the  play  fhould  be  played  on  one  day  and  the  proceffion  on  an- tC  other,  fo  that  people  might  attend  divine  fervice  at  the  churches  on  the  faid  feaft  for  the cc  indulgences  aforefaid.  Wherefore  Peter  Buckcy ,  mayor  of  this  city  of  York ,  Richard cc  Ruffe l,  late  mayor  of  the  ftaple  of  Calais ,  John  Northeby ,  William  Bowes ,  fen.  John cc  Moreton ,  Thomas  Gare ,  fen.  Henry  P  ref  on,  Thomas  Efyngwald ,  Thomas  Bracebrigge ,  Wil- “  Ham  Ormefheved ,  John  Aldeflanemore,  aldermen  ;  Richard  Louth,  John  Dodyngton,  fheriffs; cc  J0hn  Hewich,  Thomas  Doncalier ,  John  Ufburn,  Thomas  More,  Robert  Yarum,  Robert  My - cc  delton,  Geojfry  Savage,  Thomas  Snawdon ,  John  Lofthoufe,  John  Bolton,  John  Lyllyng,  John cc  Gafcoigne,  William  Craven,  Thomas  Atton,  Thomas  Davy,  John  Baynbrig ,  Thomas  Kyrk- cc  bam,  William  Bedale,  IVilliam  Gaytefheved,  John  Louth,  and  John  Ward  of  the  number cc  of  the  twenty  four,  were  met  in  the  council  chamber  of  the  faid  city  the  6th  day  of cc  June,  in  the  year  of  grace  1426,  and  of  the  reign  of  king  Henry  VI.  after  the  conqueft cc  of  England ,  the  fourth,  and  by  the  faid  wholfome  exhortations  and  admonitions  of  the cc  faid  father  IVilliam  being  incited,  that  it  is  no  crime,  nor  can  it  offend  God  if  good  be tc  converted  into  better.  Therefore,  having  diligently  confidered  of  the  premiffes,  they cc  gave  their  exprefs  and  unanimous  confent  that  the  caufe  aforefaid  fhould  be  publiffied  to cc  the  whole  city  in  the  common-hall  of  the  fame,  and  having  their  confent  that  the  pre- “  mifles  fhould  be  better  reformed.  Upon  which  the  aforefaid  mayor  convened  the  ci- cc  tizens  together  in  the  faid  hall  the  tenth  day  of  the  month  aforefaid  and  the  fame  year, “  and XXX APPENDIX* 4  and  made  proclamation  in  a  folemn  manner,  where  it  was  ordained  by  the  common  af- 1  Tent  that  this  folemn  play  of  Corpus  Chrijii ,  fhould  be  played  every  year  on  the  vigil  of “  the  faid  feaft,  and  that  the  proceffion  fhould  be  made  conftantly  on  the  day  of  the  faid “feaft  ;  fo  that  all  people  then  being  in  the  faid  city  might  have  leifure  to  attend  devout- ct'ly  the  mattins,  vefpers,  and  the  other  hours  of  the  faid  feaft,  and  be  made  partakers  of 4 *  the  indulgences,  in  that  part,  by  the  faid  Roman  pope  Urban  the  fourth  molt  gracioufly 44  granted  and  confirmed. BURTON. The  order  for  the  pageants  of  the  play  of  Corpus  Chrifti,  in  the  time  of  the  mayoralty  of William  Alne,  in  the  third  year  of  the  reign  of  king  Henry  V.  anno  1415.  compiled  by Roger  Burton  town  clerk. Scanners. plaffcrcrs. Capmakers. JF  tillers. Coupcre. Armourers. (IBcimtCttS. £>{npU)righfs. ironmongers, peffpncrs, partners. pflncm^necs, 3!5u  UbpnOcrs. ^>ofBCC0, Spicers* peuferers, JFotmocrs. SDplcr  s. CfjamtDcIcrs. «f>olb>ftm£f)e0, jSMcures. <0olD;beters, SBonc*  makers. #afons. ^arasff}als. Ctrocllers, Rapiers, painters. §)porters. 3lorpmcrs, barbers, t&lpntners. §>mpttjcs, iFebers. C . fliemtagers* God  the  father  almighty,  creating  and  forming  the  heavens,  angels, and  archangels  •,  Lucifer  and  the  angels  that  fell  with  him  into  hell. God  the  father,  in  his  own  fubftance,  creating  the  earth,  and  all  which is  therein,  in  the  fpace  of  five  days. God  the  father  creating  Adam  of  the  flime  of  the  earth,  and  making Eve  of  the  rib,  and  infpiring  them  with  the  fpirit  of  life. God  prohibiting  Adam  and  Eve  from  eating  of  the  tree  of  life. Adam  and  Eve  with  a  tree  betwixt  them  ;  the  ferpent  deceiving  them with  apples,  God  fpeaking  to  them  and  curfing  the  ferpent,  and  an angel  with  a  fword  driving  them  out  of  paradife. Adam  and  Eve ,  an  angel  with  a  fpade  and  a  diftafF  afligning  them  la¬ bour. Abel  and  Cain  killing  facrifices. God  foretelling  Noah  to  make  an  ark  of  light  wood. '  Noah  in  the  ark  with  his  wife  and  three  children  and  divers  animals. |  Abraham  facrificing  his  fon  lfaac  a  ram,  bufh  and  angel. Moyfes  exalting  the  ferpent  in  the  wildernefs,  king  Rharao ,  eight  Jews, admiring  and  expecting. Mary  and  a  doftor  declaring  the  fayings  of  the  prophets  about  the  fu¬ ture  birth  of  Chrifl ;  an  angel  faluting  her.  Mary  faluting  Eliza¬ beth. }Mary ,  Jofeph  willing  to  put  her  away,  an  angel  fpeaking  to  them  that they  fhould  go  to  Bedlem. Mary ,  Jofeph ,  a  midwife,  the  child  born  lying  in  a  manger  betwixt  an ox  and  an  afs,  and  the  angel  fpeaking  to  the  fhepherds. The  fhepherds  fpeaking  by  turns  •,  the  ftar  in  the  eaft,  an  angel  giving joy  to  the  fhepherds  that  a  child  was  born. 7  The  three  kings  coming  from  the  eaft,  Herod  afking  them  about  the 3  child  Chrift -,  with  the  fon  of  Herod,  two  councellors  and  a  meflengers. 7  Mary  with  the  child  and  the  ftar  above  and  the  three  kings  offering J  gifts. Mary  with  the  child,  Jofeph ,  Anna ,  and  a  nurfe  with  young  pigeons, Symeon  receiving  the  child  in  his  arms,  and  two  fons  of  Symeon. Mary  with  the  child  and  Jofeph  flying  into  Egypt  by  an  angel’s  telling them. 7  Herod  commanding  the  children  to  be  flain  •,  four  foldiers  with  lances, r  two  councellors  of  the  king,  and  four  women  lamenting  the  flaugh- ^  ter  of  them. ?  The  doctors,  the  child  Jefus  fitting  in  the  temple  in  the  midft  of  them, r  hearing  them  and  afking  them  queftions.  Four  Jews ,  Mary ,  and Jofeph  feeking  him  and  finding  him  in  the  temple. Jefus,  John  the  baptijl  baptizing  him,  and  two  angels  helping  them. Jefus,  Mary,  bridegroom  and  bride,  mafter  of  the  houfhold  with  his family  with  fix  water-pots,  where  water  is  turned  into  wine; 7  Jefus  upon  the  pinnacle  of  the  temple  ;  Satan  tempting  with  Hones ; 3  two  angels  adminiftring,  &c. Peter,  James  and  John ,  Jefus  afeending  into  the  mountain  and  trans¬ figuring  himfelf  before  them.  Moyfes  and  Elyas  appearing,  and  a voice  fpeaking  from  a  cloud. Simon  the  leper  afking  Jefus  if  he  would  eat  with  him.  Two  dilci- ples,  Mary  Magdalene  walking  the  feet  of  Jefus ,  and  wiping  them with  her  hair. S  E 1 plummets XXXI Plummers, patten-makers. pouclj.-makers, IBofilters, £ap?makers. APPENDIX. }  Jefus,  two  apoftles,  the  woman  taken  in  adultery,  four  J, her. iccufing Lazarus  in  the  fepulchre,  Mary  Magdalene ,  Martha ,  and  two  Jews admiring. f  Jefus  upon  an  afs  with  its  foal  ;  twelve  apoftles  following  Jefus,  fix JElOftmcnt'mafecrS, )  rich  and  fix  poor  men,  with  eight  boys  with  branches  of  palm-trees, t3>kvnncrs.  )  conftantly  faying  blejfed ,  and  7;acheus  afeending  into  a  fycamore - (  tree. Cuttcllcrs, iSlabc-fniptijes, dealers, 3!5ukle'makcrs. linens. takers, SKUatcrlcDcrs. Co^Dtuancrs, lifiotocrs, Jf  Ictcfjcrs. STaptfcrs, Vouchers Littcftcrs. Cukes, tSlaterlcOers. ^aucc^makcrs. fpilners, Dtcbmakcrs, ftopers, Ccbcrs, Stumers, ^apretfers, Rollers. ^hermcn. ppimers, llatencrs, papnto;s. Vouchers, pultcrcrs. >  Pylat,  Cayphas ,  two  foldiers,  three  Jews,  Judas  felling  Jefus. Vrhe  fupper  of  the  Lord  and  pafchal  lamb,  twelve  apoftles;  Jefus /  tied  about  with  a  linen  towel,  wafhing  their  feet.  The  inftitution  of (  the  facrament  of  the  body  of  Chrijl  in  the  new  law  and  communion j  of  the  apoftles. Pylat ,  Cayphas ,  Annas,  forty  armed  foldiers,  Malchas ,  Peter,  James, John ,  Jefus,  and  Judas  killing  and  betraying  him. 1  Jefus,  Annas ,  Cayphas  and  four  Jews,  linking  and  baftinadoing  Chrijl. )  Peter,  the  woman  accufing  him,  and  Malchas. 1  Jefus ,  Pylat,  Annas,  Cayphas,  two  councellors  and  four  Jews  accufing j  Chrijl. Herod ,'  two  councellors,  four  foldiers,  Jefus  and  three  Jews. 1  Pylat,  Annas ,  Cayphas,  two  Jews  and  Judas  carrying  from  them  thir- y  ty  pieces  of  filver. Judas  hanging  himfelf. ?  Jefus,  Pilat,  Cayphas ,  Annas,  fix  foldiers,  carrying  fpears  and  enfigns, and  other  four  leading  Jefus  from  Herod ,  defiring  Barabas  to  be  re- J  leafed  and  Jefus  to  be  crucified,  and  then  binding  and  fcourging  him, t  putting  a  crown  of  thorns  upon  his  head ;  three  foldiers  calling  lots \  for  the  vefture  of  Jefus. Jefus  covered  with  blood  bearing  his  crofs  towards  mount  Calvery , Simon  Sereneus,  &c. ^  The  crofs,  Jefus  extended  upon  it  on  the  earth,  four  Jews  fcourging V.  him  with  whips,  and  afterwards  erefling  the  crofs  with  Jefus  upon >  it  on  mount  Calvery. r  The  crofs,  two  thieves  crucified  and  Jefus  fufpended  betwixt  them  ; \  Mary  the  mother  of  Jefus,  John,  Mary,  James  and  Salome  ;  a  fol- A  dier  with  a  lance,  and  a  fervant  with  a  lpunge.  Pilat ,  Annas,  Cay- J  phas,  a  centurion,  Jofeph  of  Arimathea  and  Nichodemus  taking  him (  down  and  laying  him  in  the  fepulchre. ^ateliers, fellers, dafters. Carpenters, Biopners. Carttorigfjts, Carters, £>abjpcrs. mpnoratoers: loggers, cnoobpfikfeers, <3Slat>mcn. Cfcrtbcners, Lumncrs, !&uetfo:s, Dubbo^s. SaiUpourcs. potters. Drapers. ^  Jefus  deftroying  hell,  twelve  good  and  twelve  evil  fpirits. C  The  centurion  declaring  to  Pylat ,  Cayphas  and  Annas,  with  other  Jews l  the  figns  appearing  on  the  death  ol  Jefus. ,  Jefus  riling  from  the  fepulcher,  four  foldiers  armed  and  three  Marys )  lamenting;  Pilat,  Cayphas  and  Annas ;  a  young  man  clothed  in  white, l  fitting  in  the  fepulchre  and  talking  to  the  women. Jefus,  Mary,  Mary  Magdalene  with  fpices. >  Jefus,  Luke  and  Cleophas  in  the  form  of  travellors. Jefus,  Peter,  John,  James,  Philip  and  other  apoftles  ;  Thomas  feeling the  wounds  of  Jefus. Mary,  John  the  evangelift,  two  angels,  and  eleven  apoftles  ;  Jefus afeending  before  them  and  four  angels  bearing  a  cloud. Mary,  two  angels,  eleven  apoftles,  the  holy  ghoft  defcending  upon  them and  four  Jews  admiring. Jefus,  Mary,  Gabriel  with  two  angels,  two  virgins  and  three  Jews  of the  kindred  of  Mary ;  eight  apollles  and  two  devils. Tpnfocbers- Ifly  i APPENDIX. IpilttlcBcrs.  Four  apo files  bearing  the  Ihnne  of  A lary.  Fergus  hanging  upon  it  with two  other  Jews  and  one  angel. Ifitthcra  of  tuollcn.  Mary  afcending  with  a  multitude  of  angels;  eight  apoltles  with  Thomas preaching  in  the  defeat. llofrilcrs.  Mary ,  and  Jefus  crowning  of  her  with  a  great  number  of  angels, -idmers.  Jejus.  Mary,  twelve  apoftles,  four  angels  with  trumpets,  and  four  with a  lance  with  two  fcourges,  four  good  and  four  bad  fpirits  and  fix devils. Posters  eight  foirfjcs.  Optioners  four  fetches. Coblcrs  four  tojeljes.  jftillcrs  four  fottljes. CojBluaiiers  fourteen  tojcljcs  ©ircellcrs  tojcljcs Cottcllcrs  two  torches.  2E, tillers  fotcljcs. OTctcrs  foicljcs.  And  fifty  eight  citizens  had  torches  alike Carpenters  fix  foicljcs.  on  the  day  of  Corpus  ©buffi. It  IS  ordained  that  the  potters  and  rollers  fliould  go  firft,  then  of  the  right  the  fuelers and  cojDlMncrs,  on  the  left  the  fullers,  cutlers,  gtrsclIers,cl)aloners, carpenters  and  taillcurs- then  the  be  tter  fort  of  citizens  and  after  the  twenty  tour,  the  twelve,  the  mayor  and  tour fojrtjcs  of  Mr.  Eljomas  llBucltton. A  proclamation  for  the  play  of  Corpus  Cljrilft  made  in  the  vigil  of  the  feajl. JffV®2’  ,r‘  tomallB  S®  6?»ses  bcbalbc  raw  pe  majo?  aw  pc  fbirefs  of  pis 'Slyf  CI‘CC  sa*  110  111,111  S°  armca  m  pis  citcc  luiff)  ftorcBcs  ue  tuiffj  carlthh.ttcs,  11c  none mnrnn-»»  «  #i-fCnCCB  ,”?l*l°?l,ailnCe  0f  POOS  ffllB  pc  plan  Of  bl’nBCrpiig  of  tllC ^ncJ®Dn  of  J0-’!™16  niio  pat  pat  leue  pairc  tnapeus  tit  pare  tiles  ttnpnhtes LulSufo  0f  Ylrn,,p  l’atfaU'c  toor&os  torn  efttr  pamc  of  papnc  of  tefgfurc  of  pairc fttrr  °I w,re  tol»-  3,10  sat  "'Oh  pot  hrpnges  futtlj  pactent?  pat  vat play  at  the  places  pat  is  affigiteo  pcrfoic  nuo  itotore  ellcs  of  pe  papue  of  ttic  foifattuce  to “ *at  13  oroapneo.  pcrfoic  pafps  to  fap  rls.  aim  pat  men  of  craftes  raw  all  ofhir n  cn  pat  fpiiocs  torches  pat  pat  come  fuctf)  in  arrap  raw  in  pc  manners  as  it  has  been  ufco raw  etiffuntet)  before  pts  time,  habeptng  inapcit  fabepiit  Itccpcrs  of  pc  pagenti  eno  offi« ”  °f  *E  P«*»  ot  papnc  of  foifattuce  of  pane  fraunclj.s  L®  "airs  hobp®s to  P-tfon .  anh  all  manner  of  craftmcn  pat  bjtugcfb  ftirtfjc  tljer  pageantcj  in  oibcr  raw lmvnr  fo,hr°°h  ^ ?erf  .^c!l  “trapco  raw  opcnlp  fpcltpng  upon  papn  of  lefpng  of  C  s.  to  be paper  to  the  rfjambrc  untljout  anp  paroon.  0no  that  eberp  plapcr  pat  (hall  plap  be  rctu>  in h  s  pagiaunt  at  conbenpant  tune  that  is  to  fap,  at  the  bettoirt  ih  L  h  of  the ™-re  «  rsc’  a"'1  i!-’cr  811  Di,w'  PaScallt?  folotopng  tllten  after  opet  as  pour cou.ifc  t s  ttutfjout  taneng*  fenb  pena  fo;.  earner?  ti.  tjtii.  o. Zxtraff  out  of  an  order  for  the  regulation  of  the  play  of  Corpus  Chrifti ,  dated  the  nth  day  of June  1417.  William  Bowes,  major.  E  regift,  f  167.  170. "  1 1*1°“  tnhat,for  'If  ,convenience  of  the  oiteizens  and  of  all  ftrangers  coming  to tt  ^  tlia5  al  the  Pageants  of  the  play  called  Corpus  Chrtftt  plap  fliould He,  brought  forth  in  order  by  the  artificers  of  the  faid  city,  and  to  begin  to  play  firft  at the  gates  ot  the  pryory  ot  the  holy  trimly  in  Spi&obgate,  next  at  the  door  of  Robert „  "lXt  at  the  d00r  of  the  late  J°hn  Gyfeburn,  next  at  &6el0crrgate.'henB  and “mdlfauhfrS’  nCXtrat  lhe  cnd  ot  Conpng-ttrcte  towards  ©attel.-gatc,  next  at  the «  ,l  i^IO'SStC,  next  at  the  door  of  Henry  Wyman ,  deceafed,  in  Conpiig.-tfrctc  then :lt  Vhe,  —-ha“  at  the,end  of  Conpug.arete,  then  at  the  door  of  Adam  M  B, %  de- ceafed  m  &fupnc,gate,  then  at  the  end  ot  £>tapn-'g,ite  at  the  Minfter-gates ,  then  at  the end  of  ctDtrDlcr  gate  in  Peter*gafe,  and  laftly  upon  the  Pavement,  lie. Be  it  remembered  alfo  that  the  abovefaid  father  William  de  Melton  willing  to  deftrov “  flnVa‘i  1  S1'“£  l0VJer  °f  v,lr,tur>  by  Prcachi"S  the  populace,  that  they  wouU „  t0  bc^P10Vfd  ail  publick  concubines, in  fornication  or  adultery  and  whores  out  of the  city  \  herefore  the  mayor  by  confent  of  the  community  ordained,  that  the  anci T  C0"ftlt.ut‘0n  of  *he  “y  aboal  whores  be  put  iu  praftice,  and  that  thei  fhould  depart the  city  within  eight  days  on  pain  of  imprifonment,  unlefs  any  of  theft  whores  ihould come  before  the  mayor  and  find  good  fecurity  that  fire  would  not  for  the  future  admft any  perlon  to  cohabit  with  her  either  in  fornication  or  adultery. BURTON. F?rr  ch:lrters  ant1  liberties  granted  to  the  weavers  of  Tort,  fee  Hen.V II. pars  e,  f  M  pat.  3  Hen  VULpars  i.  et  anno  3  Elisa,  pars  i.  Rolls  chapel D,j-  Ae'1  4-  who  only  confirms  to  the  gild  of  merchants." I  niircatona,  or  gilouncrclpuit  is  a  certain  liberty  or  privilege  belonging  to  mer- them  to  bold  certain  pleas  within  their  own  precinls.  Theword  gdBeS nowth t  Stillyard>UOrUm’  'S  ufed  *°r  ^  fraternity  of  Eajlerling  merchants  in  London,  called Ibid.. XXX’ll 5 XXX IV APPENDIX. Fad.  “  and  that  they  [Jews]  had  houfes  in  York  more  like  princes  palaces  then  fubjeCts “  dwellings.  ” Newburgh’s  words  are  thefe,  —  aedificaverunt  autem  in  medio  civitatis ,  profujiffimis  fump- tibus,  domes  ampliffimas  regalibus  conferendas palatiis.  Gal.  Neaburg.  c.  ix.  p.  363.  edit.  Hearne. Ibid.  Sett.  ult.  “  the  tallage  of  the  whole  city  fometimes  amounted  to  cccc  marks.” Many  have  been  the  particular  taxes  laid  on  this  city  by  different  kings,  c  et  xlii  /. vn  j.  et  viii  d.  de  dono  civitatis  Ebor.  3  Ric.  I.  in  tallagio.  cives  Ebor.  quorum  nornina  et debit  a  annotantur  in  rotulo,  quern  predict,  liber aver  unt  in  thefauro ,  r.  c  de  quater  xx  et  vn/. de  predibio  tallagio  in  thefauro  lxxvii  /.  et  xvm  s.  et  debent  ix  /.  xvm  s.  et  vi  d.  mag.  rot. 9  Ric.  I.  rot.  4.  (b)  Maddox’.?  excheq.  p.  483.  Cives  de  (Etoc^toick  r.  c  de  ccc  march  de dono  ad  auxilium  redemptionis  domini  regis.  Rot.  Pipe  7  Ric.  I.  Cives  Ebor.  r.  c  de  cc  mar¬ ch  pro  gaudio  adventus  dom.  regis  ab  Almania  Rot.  Pipe  6  Ric.  I.  De  tallagio  affjo per  Johan. Kirkeby,  cives  Ebor.  r.  c  de  ccc  mar.  de  eodem  in  thefaur.  et  q.  e.  Mag.  rot.  14  Hen.  III. lit.  refiduum  Ebor.  Maddox’ j  exch.p.  489.  Amongft  a  levy  of  money  granted  to  the  king by  way  ofloan  the  city  of  York  was  charged  with  100/.  Rot.  pari.  32  Hen.  VI.  n.  48. P.  229.  Sett.  6.  “  Anno  reg.  27  Ed.  III.  staple  of  U)00l,  before  kept  at  Bruges  in  Flan¬ ders,  by  aCt  of  parliament  was  fixed  York ,  &c.  ” The  city  had  a  feal  given  by  the  fame  king  to  the  fame  purpofe-,  and  is  now  in  the cuftody  of  the  lord-mayor,  and  called  the  feal  of  ftatutc  merchant-  It  has  the  imprefs  of that  king’s  head  with  a  lion  on  his  breaft,  on  each  fide  two  reprefentations  of  the  antient church  of  York ,  one  of  which  is  loofe,  and  the  imprefiion  thereof  was  to  be  made  by  the party.  The  infeription,  Sigillum  Edwardi  regis  Anglie  ad  recognitionem  debitorum  apud Eboracum  *.  The  ffaplc  of  ioool  being  long  fince  removed  from  York ,  the  ufe  of  this  feal has  alfo  been  remitted.  But,  that  our  prefent  citizens  may  have  fome  notion  how  much this  trade  flourifhed  antiently  in  this  city,  under  the  ftatute  aforefaid  and  the  influence  of our  kings,  I  fhall  give  an  extract  from  a  printed  book,  relating  to  a  parcel  of  wools,  be¬ longing  to  the  ftaple  at  York ,  and  feized  on  by  a  foreign  lord,  amounting,  in  value,  to  the fum  of  one  thoufand  nine  hundred  pound.  Which  fum,  confidering  the  diftance  of  time, in  regard  to  its  prefent  value,  and  that  a  pound  fterling  was  then  a  pound  weight,  which is  equal  to  three  of  ours,  I  believe  I  fhall  not  be  far  out  in  my  calculation  if  I  fay  that  this fum  may  be  put  in  balance  with  twenty  thoufand  pound  of  our  prefent  money. Colton's  collections,  by  Prynne,  p.  137.  50  Ed.  III.  The  citizens  of  York  defire,  that “  whereas  the  lord  of  Arde  and  Cockbam  in  Holland  hath  flayed  fix  and  thirty  furples  of  their “  wools,  to  the  value  of  one  thoufand  nine  hundred  pound,  fuppofing  that  the  king  oweth “him  money  for  his  fervice  i  n  France  \  and  will  neither 'for  the  king’s  letters,  nor  other “  means,  deliver  their  wools  •,  that  therefore  they  may  have  licence  to  flay  the  fhips  of  the “  fame  lord  at  Calais ,  or  in  England ,  till  they  be  paid  and  anfwered  to  the  value. “  Let  it  be  declared  to  the  grand  council,  and  they  fhall  have  remedy  according  to “  reafon.” Since  we  are  now  upon  feals,  I  fhall  here  chufe  to  give  an  explanation  of  the  reft  of them  belonging  to  the  city  which  I  have  caufed  to  be  engraven  in  the  plate  of  the  Ainfty , &c.  The  firft,  marked  1.  is  moft  certainly  of  great  antiquity,  and  if  not  equal,  near  co¬ eval,  with  the  conquejl .  The  fhape  of  the  letters,  SHjILLVM  EIVIVM  GBORAEI, with  the  reverfe  8.  BTI  P6TRI  PRINEIPIS  APOSTOLOR’  come  very  near up  to  the  beauty  and  exa&nefs  of  the  Roman  characters  ;  which  were  ufed  by  the  Saxons and  Normans ,  until  the  crook  backed  High  Dutch  black  letter  cut  them  out.  For  inftance, the  infeription  round  the  two  next  feals,  though  the  letters  feem  older,  yet  they  are  in- difputably  of  a  much  later  date.  But  what  confirms  this,  beyond  contradiction,  is  the  re- prefentation  of  the  antient  church  of  St.  Peter  in  York ,  probably  that  built  by  archbifhop Thomas  the  firft  i  and  pulled  down  for  the  re-ereCting  the  prefent  ftruCture.  In  Mr.  An- Jlh’s  collection  of  antient  feals  I  have  feen  the  old  churches  of  Canterbury ,  Ely  and  Nor¬ wich,  reprefented  in  like  manner.  And  indeed  fo  well  performed  as  fhews  them  no  very mean  artifts  at  drawing  in  thofe  ages.  In  thofe  feals  of  Canterbury  and  Norwich  is  alfo one  thing  to  be  remarked,  very  particular  ;  that  there  runs  an  infeription  round  the  verge, in  the  manner  of  our  prefent  milled  crowns  •,  and  which  is  not  eafy  to  conceive  how  they did  it.  But  to  return  to  our  own  feal ;  in  this  reprefentation  of  the  old  church  of  St.  Pe¬ ter  at  York ,  which  feems  to  exhibit  the  grand  entrance  to  it,  the  arches  in  the  doors  are to  be  particularly  obferved  i  which  if  they  do  not  exaCtly  correfpond  with  the  Roman  arch, yet  muft  be  allowed  to  approach  very  near  to  it.  All  judges  of  antiquity  and  antient  ar¬ chitecture  acknowledge,  that  the  Saxons,  as  well  as  the  Normans ,  copied  the  old  Roman tafte,  in  their  buildings,  but  more  efpecially  in  their  arches.  The  different  taftes  of  Go- thick  architecture  which  may  be  feen  in  our  prefent  cathedral  evidently  demonftrate  this. For  in  the  arches  which  compofe  the  fouth  and  north  crofs  ends  may  be  obferved  a  fweep or  turn,  approaching  nearer  to  a  fegment  of  a  circle,  than  in  the  arches  of  the  weft  and eaft  ends,  which  are  of  a  much  more  modern  date ;  the  acuter,  oxeyed,  arch  coming then  into  fafhion.  So  the  reprefentation  of  the  arches  in  the  feal,  as  well  as  the  letters,  are very  evident  tokens  of  the  great  antiquity  of  it. *  See  the  feal  marked  n°.  2.  in  the  plate  of  the  map  of  the  Amply,  &c.  p.  381. The XXXIV APPENDIX, The  matrix  of  this  feal  is  kept  in  a  cupboard  in  the  council  chamber  on  Oufe-bridge  under two  locks  •,  one  key  is  in  the  town-clerk’s  pofleffion,  and  the  other  is  in  the  foreman  of  -the commons.  It  is  at  prefent  ufed  to  all  leafes,  grants,  iAc.  from  the  city. The  feal  marked  N°.. 3.  with  the  infcription  flDiFiF3C3l 3! C3HK3I2D.  dB3i5^DK0C31  is  ufed  to  be  put  to  fuch  deeds  as  are  acknowledged  before the  mayor  by  any  feme  covert^  when  fhe  and  her  hufband  fell  their  eftate  in  the  city  ;  and  by the  wife’s  making  fuch  acknowledgment,,  her  hufband  and  Ihe  by  the  cuftom  of  the  city* are  enabled  todifpofe  of  their  eftate  in  the  like  manner  as  if  the  wife  had  been  foie  and  un¬ married.  This  feal  is  alfo  put  to  certificates  of  the  execution  of  deeds  which  are  fent  beyond- fea.  The  feal  it  felf  reprefents  the  arms  of  the  city  on  a  flowered  field,  the  old  way,  fur- mounted  by  a  coronet,  and  on  each  fide  a  feather  ;  the  emblems  of  the  dukedom  of  York. The  feal,  infcribed  SIGNAC VLV  M  EBOR  ACENSIVM,  N°.  4.  is  modern,  and daily  ufed  in  the  office  for  fealing  certificats  of  people’s  being  freemen,  and  therefore  ex¬ empted  from  paying  toll,  &c.  juftice  of  peace  warrants  figned  by  the  mayor,  &V.  all  fef- fions  procefles,  &c. 5.  The  feal  infcribed  CBORAEVS,  with  the  reprefentation  of  St.  Peter  with  the  church on  his  right  hand  and  key  in  his  left,  as  alfo  the  three  feals,  like  crefts,  which  are  fet  on  the verge  of  a  ring  ;  and  which  I  take  to  have  been  counter-feals,  are  all  now  out  of  ufe.  The feal  of  the  office  of  mayoralty,  as  alfo  the  two  feals  for  warrants  and  paflfports,  are  delivered by  the  old  to  the  new  mayor  on  the  fwearing  day  Feb.  3.  The  plate,  houffioid-goods  and other  utenfils  belonging  to  the  city,  are  delivered  to  the  mayor-eledt  on  St.  Paul' s  day,  as alfo  pofleffion  of  the  lord  mayor’s  houfe. P.  231.  S.eft.  5.  Since  the  printing  of  this  paragraph,  a  copy  of  the  original  drawing of  this  grand  defign  has  been  fent  me  from  the  city.  By  which  it  appears  that  it was  projedted  anno  1616  ;  when  an  exa dt  lurvey  was  taken  of  the  ground,  through which  the  cut  was  to  be  made,  and  the  different  nature  of  the  foil  marked,  by  colours, in  the  map.  This  alfo,  I  have  added  to  the  plate  of  the  Ainfty ,  &c.  with  the  prefent courfe  of  the  river  Oufe ,  from  the  Humber  to  the  city.'  In  which  is  defcribed  the  pro* poled  cuts  for  Ihortning  the  courfe  of  the  river,  as  mentioned  at  SeSt,  4.  of  the  enfuing page.  By  the  date  of  the  drawing  of  the  grand  cut  or  canal,  from  Bromfleet  to  Water-Foul - ford ,  it  appears  that  the  projedl  of  it  was  on  foot  in  the  reign  of  king  James  I.  long  before the  duke  of  Bolton  was  in  being.  So  whether  the  ftory  of  his  offering  to  perform  it  or  no  is true  is  uncertain.  It  is  more  probable  that  the  furvey  was  taken  by  order  of  king  James  the  firft* to  make  good  his  promife  which  he  made  to  the  city  to  have  their  river  ^mended  and  made  more navigable.  But  whether  the  monarch  or  his  fubjedts,  the  citizens  of  York ,  were  to  blame  in not  having  the  defign  executed  I  know  not.  If  the  latter,  the  memory  of  them  ought  to  be branded  with  want  of  care  and  duty  to  the  city  by  all  pofterity. P.  234.  Set l.  8.  Theextradt  from  iDoomeaOav  book,  relating  to  the  city  of  York  and.  fome of  the  adjacent  villages,  is  in  thefe  words, C  IV  IT  A  S  EBORUM. •  • t! “  T  N  Eboraco  civitate  tempore  regis  E .  preter  feyram  archiepifcopi  fuerunt  vi.  feyreunaex X  “  his  eft  vaftata  in  callellis.  In  v.  feyris  fuerunt  M.  et  quadringente  et  xviii.  manfio- “  nes  hofpitate.  De  i.  harum  feyrarum  habet  archiepifcopus  adhuc  iii.  partem.  In  his  ne- “  mo  alius  habebat  confuetudinem  niff  utburgenfis  preter  Merlefuaim  in  1.  domo  que  eft  infra “  caftellum  et  preter  canonicos  ubicumque  manfifient  et  preter  iiii.  judices  quibus  rex  dabat “  hoc  donum  per  fuum  breve  et  quamdiu  vivebant. “  Archiepifcopus  autem  de  fua  feyra  habebat  plenam  confuetudinem. “  De  fupradidtis  omnibus  manfionibus  funt  modo  hofpitate,  in  manu  regis  reddentes  con- “  fuetudinem,  quadringente  ix.  minus,  inter  magnas  et  parvas  et  cccc.  manfiones  non  ho- tc  fpitate  que  reddunt,  melior  1.  denarium  et  alie  minus  et  quingente  et  xh  manfiones  ita  vacue. “  quod  nil  omnino  reddunt,  etcxlv.  manfiones  tenent  Francigene.  Sandtus  Cutbertus  habet  i.  do- “  mum  quam  femper  habuit  (ut  plures  dicunt)  quietam  ab  omni  confuetudine,  fet  burgenfes “  dicunt  non  earn  fuifle  quietam  tempore  regis  E.  niff  ficut  i.  burgenfium  nifi  tantum  quod “  propter  ea  habeat  tholoneum  fuum  et  canonicorum.  Preter  hanc  habet  epifeopus “  de  dono  regis  ecclefiam  Omnium  Santtorum ,  et  que  ad  earn  pertinent,  et  totam  terram “  URred.  et  terram  Ernuin  quam  Hugo  vicecomes  deliberabat  Walchero  epifeopo  per  breve «c  regis.  Et  burgenfes  qui  in  ea  manent  dicunt  quod  earn  fub  rege  tenent. §  “  Comes  Moritonienfis  habet  ibi  xiiii.  manfiones  et  ii.  bancos  in  macello  et  ecclefiam  Santtc “  Crucis  has  recepit  Ofb.  filius  Bafonis  etquicquid  ad  eas  pertinet.  He  manfiones  fuerunt  ho- “  rum  hominum  Conulf  i.  prelbiteri  i.  Morulji  i.  Stern,  i.  Efnarri.  i.  Garni,  i.  cum  iiii. “  drinighis.  Archil,  v.  Letiingi  prelbiteri  ii.  Yurfin.u  Ligulfi. §  “  Nigellus  de  Monnevile  habet  i.  manfionem  cujufdam  monetarii. “  Nigellus  Fojfart  habet  ii.  manfiones  Modern  et  tenet  de  rege. “  Waldinus  intercepit  ii.  manfiones  Retel  prelbiteri  pro  i.  manfione  Sterre. “  Hamelinus  habet  i,  manfionem  in  fofiato  urbis  et  Waldi  i.  manfionem  Elnulfi  et  i.  man- “  fionem  Alwini. 8  F  Rtcardtts XXXV APPENDIX. “  Ricardus  de  Surdetal  ii.  manfiones  Turcbil.  et  Ranechil. “  Nigellus  Fojfart  intercept  ii.  manfiones,  let  dixit  fe  eas  reddidifie  epilcopo  Conflantienfi . “  Willielmus  de  Pcrci  habet  xiiii.  manfiones  horum  hominum  Bernulfi.  Gatnelbar.  Sort.  Eg - “  bert.  Selecolf  Algrim.  Norman.  Dunflan.  Odulfi.  Weleret.  Ulchel.  Godelent.  Sonnete.  Otberti. “  et  ecclefiam  fandte  Marie. “  De  Hugone  comite  habet  idem  Willielmus  ii.  manfiones  duorum  prepofitorum  Haroldi  co- “  mitis,  fet  burgenfesdicunt  i.  ex  eis  non  fuiffe  comitis.  Alteram  vero  fibi  fuifie  forisfaftam. “  Ecclefiam  etiam  fandti  Cutberti  advocat  idem  Willielmus  de  Hug.  comite  et  vii.  minirtas “  manfiones  continentes  1.  pedes  lati.  preterea  de  i.  manfione  Uffred  cujufdam  dicunt  bur- “  genfes  W.  de  Perci  afportaffe  fibi  in  caftellum  poftquam  de  Scocia  rediit.  Iple  vero  Wil- “  lielmus  terram  ejufdem  Uftred  negat  fe  habuifie,  fet  per  Hugonem  vicecomitem  dominum “  ipfius  dicit  fe  in  caftellum  tulilfe  primo  anno  poft  deftrudtionem  caftellorum.  Hugo  filius “  Baldvici  habet  iiii.  manfiones  Adulfi.  Hedned.  ‘Turcbil.  et  Gofpatric.  et  xxix.  minuta  hofpicia “  et  ecclefiam  fandli  Andree  quam  emit.  Rob.  Malel  habet  ix.  manfiones  horum  hominum, “  Tumme.  Grim.  Grinchetel.  Ernni.  Elfi.  et  alterius  Emm.  Glunier.  Holden.  RavenchsL “  Erners  de  Burmi  habet  iiii.  manfiones.  Grim.  Aluuini.  Gofpatric.  ct  Gofpatric.  et  ecclefiam “  fandti  Martini.  Due  ex  eis  manfionibus  reddunt  xiiii.  folidos.  Gijleberlus  Maminot  habet “  iii.  manfiones.  Meurdoch.  Berengarius  de  Todenai  habet  manf.  Gamelcarle  et  Aluuini ,  et  viii. “  manfiones  ad  hofpicia.  De  his  medietas  eft  in  fofiato  urbis.  OJbertus  de  Arcbis  habet  ii. “  manfiones.  Brim  prelbyteri  et  matris  ejus,  et  xii.  manfiones  in  hofpicia  et  ii.  manfiones  de “  epifcopo  Conflantienfi.  Odo  Baliflarius  habet  ii.  manfiones,  Forne  et  Orme.  et  i.  hofpitium “  El  of.  et  i.  ecclefiam.  Ricardus  filius  Erfajl.  iii.  manfiones,  Alcbemont.  et  Gofpatric.  et  Ber- <c  nulf.  et  ecclefiam  fandte  Trinitalis.  Hubertus  de  Montcanifi  i.  manf.  Bundi.  Landricus “  Carpentarius  habet  x.  manf.  et  dimidiam  quas  ei  preftitit.  vicecomes  tempore  regis  Edwar- “  di.  Valebat  civitas  regi  Iiii.  libras  modo  c.  libras  ad  penfum. §  tc  In  fcyra  archiepifcopi  fuerunt  tempore  regis  Eduuardi  hofpitate  ducente  manfiones  xi. <c  minus.  Modo  funt  c.  hofpitate,  inter  magnas  et  parvas,  preter  curiam  archiepifcopi  et <c  domos  canonicorum.  In  hac  fcyra  habet  archiepifcopus  quantum  rex  habet  in  fuis  fcyris. “  In  geldo  civitatis  funt  xxiiii.  et  iiii.  carucate  terre  et  unaqueque  geldabat  quantum  i. <c  domus  civitatis  et  in  tribus  operibus  regis  cum  civibus  erant.  De  his  habet  archiepifcopus “  vi.  carucatas,  quas  pofi'unt  arare  iii.  caruce,  he  funt  ad  firmamaule  fue,  hec  non  fuit  hofpi- tc  tata  tempore  regis  Eduuardi ,  fed  per  loca  culta  a  burgenfibus,  nunc  eft  fimiliter.  De  hac “  terra  necavit  ftagn.  reg.  ii.  molendinos  novos  valentes  xx.  folidos,  et  de  arabili  terra  et  pra- “  tis  et  hortis  plene  i.  carucata  tempore  regis  Eduuardi  valebat  xv.  folidos  modo  iii.  folidos. “  In  OJbolderOis  terra  canonicorum  de  vi.  carucatis  ubi  pofi'unt  efie  iii.  caruce.  Ibi  habent “  modo  canonici  ii.  car.  et  dimidiam  et  vi.  villanos  et  iii.  bordarios  habentes  ii.  car.  et  dimi- “  diam.  Item  in  Morlun  habent  canonici  iiii.  carucatas  ubi  ii.  caruce  pofi'unt  efie,  fed  vvafta “  eft.  He  due  ville  habent  i.  leucam  lati.  et  i.  longi.  In  Icolilhun  funt  vi.  car.  ubi  pofi'unt “  efie  car.  wafte  funt  de  his  funt  tres  canonicorum  of  iii.  comitis  Alain  habent  dimidiam  leu- “  cam  longi  et  dimidiam  lati.  In  his  nec  pratum  ncc  filva.  In  Sambura  funt  iii.  carucate “  ubi  poteft  efie  i.  caruca  et  dimidia,  wafta  eft.  Radulpbus  Pagenel  tenet,  canonici  dicunt  fe “  earn  habuifie  tempore  regis  Eduuardi.  In  Hewarde  habebat  Onn  unum  manerium  de  vi.  ca- “  catis  terre  quam  iii.  caruce  pofi'unt  arare,  modo  habet  Hugo  filius  Baldvici  i.  hominem  et  i. “  car.  tempore  regis  Eduuardi  valebat  x.  folidos  modo  v.  folidos.  In  eadem  villa  habet  Wal- <£  tef.  i.  manerium  de  iii.  carucatis  terre,  modo  habet  Ricardus  de  Com.  Moriton ,  tempore “  regis  Edwardi  valebat  x.  folidos  modo  x.  folidos  et  vnid.  Hec  villa  i.  leuca  longi  et  dimi- “  dia  lati.  In  Fuleford  habebat  Morcarius  i.  manerium  de  x.  carucatis,  modo  habet  Alanus *c  comes  ibi  pofi'unt  efie  v.  caruce.  In  dominio  funt  modo  ii.  carucate,  et  vi.  villani  habent, <l  ibi  ii.  car.  habet  in  longo  i.  leugatam  et  dimidiam  leugatam  lati.  Tempore  regis  Eduuardi “  valebat  xx.  folidos,  modo  xvi.  folidos.  In  circuitu  civitatis  habuit  Torfnus  i.  carucatam “  terre,  et  Turchillus  ii.  carucatas  terre,  he  pofi'unt  arare  ii.  car.  In  Cliftone  funt  xviii.  caru- “  cate  terre  geldantes,  he  pofi'unt  ix.  car.  arare,  modo  eft  wafta.  Tempore  regis  Eduuardi “  valuit  xx.  folidos.  De  his  habuit  Morcarius  ix.  carucatas  terre  et  dimidiam  ad  geldum, “  quas  pofi'unt  v.  car.  arare.  Modo  habet  ibi  comes  Alanus  ii.  carucatas  et  ii.  villanos  et  iiii. “  bordarios  cum  i.  car.  In  ea  funt  1.  acre  prati.  Ex  his  xxix.  fandti  Petri ,  et  alie  funt  co- “  mitis.  Preter  has  habet  archiepifcopus  ibi  viii.  acras  prati.  Hoc  manerium  i.  leugata  et “  alia  lati.  Tempore  regis  Eduuardi  valuit  ix.  folidos,  modo  fimiliter.  Canonici  habent “  viii.  carucatas  et  dimidiam,  w^fte  funt.  In  Roudclif  funt  iii.  carucate  terre  ad  geldum “  quas  pofi'unt  arare  ii.  car.  De  his  habuit  Saxfordus  diaconus  ii.  carucatas  cum  aula,  modo <c  fandtus  Petrus,  et  valuerunt  x.  folidos.  Et  Turber  habuit  i.  carucatam  cum  aula,  modo “  rex  et  valuit  v.  folidos,  modo  wafta  eft  utrumque,  ibi  funt  iii.  acre  prati.  Inter  totum  di- “  midia  leugata  longi  et  tantundem  lati.  In  Overtun  funt  ad  geldum  v.  carucate  quas  pof- “  funt  arare  ii.  car.  et  dimidia.  Ibi  habuit  Morcarius  hallam  modo  habet  ibi  Alanus  comes “  i.  carucatam  et  v.  villanos  et  iii.  bordarios  cum  iiii.  car.  et  xxx.  acr.  prati  et  filva  pafcualis “  i.  leugate  longi  et  ii.  quarteriorum  lati.  Inter  totum  i.  leugata  longi  et  ii.  leugate  et “  duorum  quarteriorum  lati  tempore  regis  Eduuardi  et  modo  xx.  folidos.  In  Sceltun  funt “  ad  geldum  ix.  carucate  terre  quas  pofi’unt  arare  iiii.  car.  De  fandto  Petro  habuit  et  habet “  iii.  car.  Tempore  regis  Eduuardi  valuit  vi.  folidos,  modo  eft  wafta.  De  hac  terra  tenuit “  Turber XXXVI APPENDIX. “  Tv.rber  ii.  carucatas  cum  hallaet  vi.  bovatas.  Nunc  habet  Tub  rege  unus  cenforius  et  funt “  ibi  ii.  earucate  et  vi.  viJlani.  Tempore  regis  Eduuardi  vi.  folidosmodo  viii.  dfeeadem  ter- “  ra  pertinent  ad  Overtun  ii.  earucate  et  vi  bovate.  Ibi  habet  Alanus  comes  i.  hominem “  cum  i.  caruca.  Inter  totum  dimidia  leugata  longi  et  dimidia  lati.  In  Mortun  funt  ad  gel- “  dum  iii.  earucate  terre  quas  poteft  una  caruca  arare.  Hanc  terram  tenuit  Archillus  et  va- “  let  x.  folidos,  modo  walla  eft.  In  fVichitun  eft  ad  geldum  i.  carucata  quam  poteft  i.  carii- “  ca  arare,  hoc  tenuit  Saxfordus  diaconus,  modo  habet  fan&us  Petrus ,  Wafta  fuit  et  eft,  ibi “  eft  filva  minuta.  Inter  totum  dimidia  leugata  longi  et  dimidia  lati. “Hi  habuerunt  focam  et  facam.  et  tol  et  thaim.  et  omnes  confuetudines.  Tempore  regis “  Eduuardi  Haroldus  comes  Mcrlefven.  Vfenifc.  Turgodlag.  Tochi.  filius  Outi  Eduinus  et  Mor- “  carius  fuper  terra  Ingold.  tant.  Gamelinus  filius  OJberti  fuper  Cotingeham  tant.  Copfi  fuper “  Cutnalt  tant.  et  Cnut.  Ex  his  qui  forisfecit  nemini  emendavit  nifi  regi  et  comiti.  In  domi- “  nicis  maneriis  nihil  omnino  comes  habuit,  neque  rex  in  maneriis  comitis,  prefer  quod  per- “  tinet  ad  chriftianitatem  que  ad  archiepifcopum  pertinet. “  In  omni  terra  fandi  Petri  de  Eboraco ,  et  fandi  Johannis,  et  fandi  Wilfridi,  et  fandi  Cut- “  berti ,  et  fande  Trinitatis  fimiliter  rex  ibi  non  habuit  nec  comes  nec  aliquis  alius  aliquam “  confuetudinem. “  Rex  habet  tres  vias  per  terram  et  iiiitam  per  aquam.  In  his  omne  forisfadum  eft  regis  et “  comitis  ubicunque  vadant  vie  vel  per  terram  regis  vel  archiepifcopi  vel  comitis. “  Pax  data  manu  regis  vel  figillo  ejus,  ft  fuerit  infrada,  regi  folummodo  emendatur  per “  xii.  hundreda,  unumquodque  hundredum  viii.  libr. “  Pax  a  comite  data  et  infrada  a  quolibet,  ipft  comiti  per  vi.  hundreda  emendatur,  unum- “  quodque  viii.  libr. “  Si  quis  fecundum  legem  exulatus  fuerit^  nullus  nifi  rex  ei  pacem  dabit.  Si  vero  comes “  vel  vicecomes  aliquem  de  regione  foras  miferit,  ipft  eum  revocare  et  pacem  ei  dare  poftlint “  ft  voluerint. §  “  Relevationem  terrarum  dant  folummodo  regi  illi  Taint  qui  plufquam  vi.  maneria  ha~ “  buerint,  relevatio  eft  viii.  libr.  Si  verb  fex  tantum  maneria  vel  minus  habuerit,  viceco- “  comiti  pro  relevatione  dat  iiii.  m areas  argenti.  Burgenfes  autem  Eborace  civitatis  non “  dant  relevationem.” P.  233.  Sell.  1.  This  very  feflions  of  parliament,  anno  1735-6,  a  bill  was  ordered  to  be brought  in,  and  was  brought  in  accordingly,  to  mod  of  the  purpofe  this  paragraph  fpeaks to.  But  the  undertaker  having  clogged  the  bill  with  fome  cuts  to  be  made  in  the  river  Bun, and  being  befides  fufpeded  to  have  views  of  his  own  in  it,  not  confiftent  with  the  intereftof the  city,  it  was  oppofed  by  them,  and  the  fcheme  let  drop;  to  be  revived,  I  hope,  by  the city  themfelves,  on  fome  better  footing,  at  a  more  convenient  opportunity. P.  238.  Sell.  1.  There  was  a  bill,  however,  brought  into  parliament  for eftablilhing again this  court  at  York ,  but  why  dropped  I  know  not.  The  copy  of  the  printed  bill  is  as follows ; The  Bill  is  for  the  ejlablijhing  of  a  court  at  York. TH  E  inducement  is,  that  Hen.  VIII.  in  the  thirty  firft  year  of  his  reign,  did  ere<5t  a  court there,  extending  through  the  county  of  York,  the  county  and  city  of  York,  the  town “  and  county  of  Kingjlon  upon  Hull ,  the  biftioprick  of  Durham,  county  of  Northumberland ; “  the  town  and  county  of  Newcajlle  upon  Tyne,  the  city  of  Carlile ,  the  town  of  Berwick  upon “  Tweed  and  liberties  there,  counties  of  Cumberland  and  kVeflmerland ,  which  being  found “  commodious  for  the  people  of  thofe  parts,  was  confirmed  and  continued  by  Edw.  VI. “  queen  Mary,  queen  Elizabeth,  king  James,  and  king  Charlesl.  until  by  by  the  troubles  in “  this  nation,  it  was  difeontinued.  And  in  refpeft  of  the  diftance  from  JVeftminjler,  the  fub- “  jedls  of  thofe  parts,  cannot  without  great  charge  and  expence  repair  thither,  but  muft  ei- “  ther  quit  their  interefts,  or  elfe  redeem  them  at  exceflive  lofs  and  charge.  Therefore  the “  bill  defires,  it  may  be  enacted,  that  it  fhall  be  in  his  majefty’s  power,  by  his  commiffion “  under  the  great  feal  of  England ,  to  ereeft  a  court  there,  and  to  nominate  fuch  perfon  for “judicial  and  minifterial  charges,  to  a<ft  according  to  fuch  powers,  as  by  fuch  certain  an- “  nexed  Inftruftions  are  declared. The  Instructions  are, 1.  “  The  court  to  confift  of  officers,  to  be  diftinguiffied  by  his  majefty  and  fuch  judges “  learned  in  the  laws,  not  exceeding  the  number  of  and  of  his  majefty’s  fee  in “  ordinary,  and  fuch  of  the  nobility  and  gentry  of  thofe  parts  (as  affiftants  to  the  court)  as “  his  majefty  fhall  think  fit:  The  fees  and  falaries  left  to  his  majefty. 2.  “  A  feal  or  fignet  to  attend  the  court,  with  fuch  inferiptions  as  his  majefty  fhall  think “  fit. 3.  “  Four  general  fittings  or  feffions  in  the  year,  in  the  city  of  York,  viz. “  But  with  power  to  adjourn  upon  contagion,  or  any  dangerous  Sick- “  nefs. «  4.  To 'l  * •4  M! xxxvii A  P  P  E  N  D  I  X 4.  “To  have  power  to  examine,  fearch  out,  and  fupprefs  treafons,  mifprifioins  of  trea- “  ions.,  petty  treafons,  and  felonies,  and  to  apprehend  and  commit  the  offenders,  till  dif- “  charged  by  Law.  And  any  three  of  the  Judges  fhall  hear  and  determine  all  other  crimi- “  nal  matters,  either  at  common-law  or  ftatute. 5.  To  be  a  court  of  equity,  and  by  any  three  judges  to  determine  matters  in  equity,  as “  is  done  in  chancery  •,  to  (lay  fuits  at  law,  eftabliffi  poffeffions,  as  at  the  time  of  .  the  bill “  exhibited,  or  greateil  part  of  three  years  before.  And  the  decree  to  be  penal,  unlefs  ei- “  ther  party  within  fourteen  days  appeal  to  the  chancery;  before  which  appeal,  the  appel- “  lant  fhall  give  fecurity  to  profecute  his  appeal,  and  to  pay  the  other  fide  colts,  (to  be  af- “  certained  by  the  affidavit  of  the  party,  his  attorney  or  follicitor)  and  to  perform  the  decree, “  if  confirmed  in  chancery. 6.  “  No  decree  is  to  be  reverfed  for  want  of  form  only,  but  for  matter  of  fubftance  ap- “  pearing  in  the  .body  of  the  decree. 7.  “  Becaufe  the  experience  of  more  than  one  hundred  years  has  ffiewed,  that  tryal  of “  perfonal  adions  by  Englijh  bill  to  be  a  great  eafe  and  advantage  to  the  country  ,  and  (mat- “  ters  being  commonly  of  fmall  value)  that  the  fame  may  be  continued,  where  the  title  of “  land,  or  chattel-real,  fhall  not  come  in  queflion. 8.  “  By  Engli/b  bill,  to  decree  all  debts  for  rents,  under  one  hundred  pound. 9.  “  Power  to  a  fiefs  and  tax  cofls,  as  well  to  plaintiff  as  defendant,  and  to  execute  their “  decrees  by  fuch  ways  as  is  done  in  chancery  ;  and  if  any  againit  whom  a  decree,  either  in “  equity  or  perfonal  action  is  had,  fhall  fly  out  of  the  jurifdidion,  a  commiffion  of  rebelli- “  on  may  iffue  into  any  part  of  England ,  and  after  a  ferjeant  at  arms. 10.  “  All  decrees  fhall  pafs  by  majority  of  voices;  but  when  the  voices  are  equal,  the “  firft  fenior  judge’s  voice  fhall  carry  it. 1 1.  “  Firft,  procefs  to  be  a  letter-mifiive  to  be  granted  by  warrant  under  the  hand  of  one “  of  the  judges,  not  having  the  cuftody  of  the  feal.  Upon  default  and  oath  of  fervice  of “  the  letter,  an  attachment  to  iffue,  and  fuch  other  procefs  as  in  chancery.  And “  if  the  perfon  to  beferved  with  the  letter,  be  a  dweller  within  the  jurifdi&ion ;  and,  be- “  fore  the  fervice  of  it,  depart  out  of  it,  the  fervice  at  his  dwelling,  and  oath  thereof,  fhall “  be  as  fufficient,  as  if  it  had  been  an  adtual  fervice:  The  fame  rule  touching  all  abfconding “  perfons. 12.  “  Keeper  of  the  feal,  or  his  deputy,  not  to  feal  any  procefs,  without  the  privity  of “  one  of  the  judges  ;  nor  to  be  abfent  without  urgent  occafion,  in  which  cafe  the  feal  fhall “  reft  with  the  firft  or  fenior  judge  for  the  time  being. 13.  “  Power  to  diredt  precepts  to  all  ffieriffs  within  their  jurifdittion,  for  return  of  juries “  in  criminal  caufes,  and  all  perfons  to  be  affifting  and  obedient  to  the  precepts  of  the “  court. 14.  “  Any  judge  may  take  bonds,  recognizances  of  the  peace  and  good  behaviour  ;  and “  for  appearance  and  performance  of  the  orders  of  the  court.  The  judges  and  keeper  of  the “  feal  to  be  maftersofthe  chancery  extraordinary. 15.  “  All  decrees  and  judgments  to  be  in  open  court,  and  fo  touching  interlocutory  or- “  ders  and  rules,  except  fuch  as  concern  the  practice  of  the  court,  or  the  attorneys  on  both “  fides  confent  to  rules  before  a  judge  for  expedition-fake.  Nor  fhall  any  order  be  reverfed “  or  altered  in  fubftance  after  its  entry,  but  a  hearing  both  fides  in  open  court,  or  confent, “  as  aforefaid.  But  if  notice  in  writing  be  given  by  one  party  to  the  other  of  any  motion  to “  reverfe  or  alter  an  order,  and  of  the  points  to  be  moved  on  ;  and  the  party  makes  no  de- “  fence,  or  affidavit  of  fuch  notice,  the  court  may  alter  the  faid  order,  giving  day  to  ffiew “  caufe  to  the  other  fide. 1 6.  “  No  orders  to  be  made  in  vacation,  except  for  the  redrefs  of  preffing  mifdemeanors, “  forcible  entries,  riots,  and  fudden  fpoils,  which  may  be  done  by  any  two  of  the  judges  ; “  as  alfo  affignment  of  counfel  and  attorney  to  perfons  in  forma  pauperis. 17.  “  Any  three  judges  may  fet  fines  according  to  law  ;  and  mitigate  and  compound  re- “  cognizances  forfeited  to  his  majefty,  and  fuch  fines  to  be  regiftred  and  accounted  to  his “  majefty. 18.  No  indi&ment  or  information  to  be  removed,  but  by  writ  of  error ;  and  none  impri- “  foned  before  judgment  to  be  removed  by  habeas  corpus ,  or  corpus  cum  caufa  ;  but  that  it “  fhall  be  a  good  return  to  the  habeas  corpus,  that  the  party  is  imprifoned  for  a  matter  where- “  in  judgment  is  not  given ;  if  the  return  be  falfe,  the  party  imprifoned  to  have  his  ordinary “  remedy  at  law  for  fuch  falfe  return. 19.  “  It  after  a  prohibition  a  procedendo  be  awarded,  any  two  judges  may  tax  cofts  for  the “  caufelefs  vexation ;  but  if  (hanging  the  prohibition)  the  party  fhall  endeavour  to  efcape  out “  of  the  jurifdidtion,  or  convey  his  eftate  out  of  it,  the  lord  may  attach  fuch  till  recogni- “  zance  given  for  the  performance  of  the  decree.  Provifo,  if  any  be  imprifoned  falfly,^  he “  may  bring  his  action  of  falfe  imprifonment  in  any  county  of  England ,  and  recover  double “  damages  and  cofts.  And  to  avoid  error  in  fuch  attachments,  the  regifter  of  the  court,  be- “  fore  it  iffue,  fiiall  caufe  the  party  fuggeftingfuch  attachment,  to  enter  his  name  and  abode  ; “  if  he  be  noLof  value  for  anl'wering  the  damages,  the  regifter  .fhall  refufe  the  attachment “  till  fomeof  value  avow  the  fuggeftion.  This  article  not  to  extend  to  the  judges  or  mini- “  fters  of  the  court.  2o.  “A xxx  via APPEND!  X. “  20.  A  cable  of  Ices,  fuch  as  were  taken  during  the  late  court,  lobe  hanged  up  in  Tome “  publick  place  ;  and  he  that  Avail  take  more,  fhall  be  punifhed  as  an  extortioner. “21.  All  fuitors  or  witneffes  to  be  priviledged,  e undo,  morando ,'  redeundo ,  except  for “  treafon,  felony,  or  execution  after  judgment;  and  accordingly  zfuperfedeas  ofpriviledge “  to  iffue. “  22.  All  proceedings  in  this  court  to  be  good  evidence  in  any  his  majefty’s  courts,  and “  the  keeper  of  the  feal  to  make  entry  of  all  rules,  orders,  and  decrees,  without  fee,  other “  than  fhall  be  appointed  in  the  table  of  fees. “  23.  Judges  to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  and  fupremacy  •,  and  another  oath  for  the* “  difeharge  of  their  places;  before  they  fit,  and  to  adminifter  the  fame  to  other. P.  245.  S'eft.  1,  2.  The  boundaries  of  the  city  to  the  eaft,  &c.  are  delcribed  in  the map  of  the  Airifty  ;  as  well  as  the  compafs  of  the  fcale  of  that  map  would  admit  of.  And lince  the  antient  foreft  of  CftaUres  is  fo  much  concerned  with  the  city  as  to  come  up  to the  very  walls  of  it  one  way,  1  have  likewife  attempted  a  ftcetch  of  its  boundaries  irom an  antient  perambulation,  which  I  met  with  amongft  the  records  in  the  Tower ,  and  which I  fubjoin  here  in  its  own  words  as  follows, Perambulatio  foreft.  de  Galtres  junta  Ebor. “  T  Nquifitio  capta  apud  Ebor.  in  majori  eccl.  beati  Petri  die  Lune  in  fcAo  inventionis  an. JL  “  S.Crucis  reg.  regis  Ed.  nono  per  Robertum  de  XJmframvyle ,  com.  de  Angous ,  cuftodem “  forefter.  dom.  regis  ultra  Trentam  fecund,  tenorem  brevis  huic  inquifitioni  confueti  tarn “  fuper  facrament.  omnium  miniftror.  forefte  predict,  quam  per  facramentum  Williehni “  Wyjlurn ,  Roberti  Cademan ,  Step/:.  Sampfon ,  Hugo,  de  Clifford ,  Tbo.  le  Harpour ,  "Thome “  de  Wandsford ,  Rich.  Paytevyn ,  Johan,  de  Hoby ,  Johan.  Alii  Hugonis ,  JVillielmi  Alii  Simonis, “  IValteri  Brogh,  Roberti  Brown-,  qui  jurati  dicunt  quod  ultima  perambulatio  fada  fu it  in “  torefta  de  Galtres  per  dominum  Johan,  de  Lythegraynes  et  focios  fuos  incipiendo  ad  pe- “  dem  muri  civitatis  Ebor.  apud  pontem  de  Layrthorpc  fequendo  murum  afeendendo  ufque “  ad  portas  ejufdem  civit.  de  Boutham  et  Ac  fequendo  murum  ufque  ad  aquam  de  Ufe  uf- “  que  Benyngburgh  et  ufque  pontem  de  Newton ,  et  Ac  per  rivulum  aque  de  Lynton  per medium  ftagni  de  Lynton  fequendo  fub  villa  de  Thollerton  ex  parte  occidental!  uf- que  Carncbrig  et  de  ponte  de  Caren  fequendo  did.  rivulum  aque  per  medium  Aagni  de Alne  et  Ac  fequendo  aquam  de  Kyle  per  medium  Mikelkar  ufque  ad  pontem  de  Rajkelf  1 1 Ac  afeendendo  ufque  ad  molendina  de  Wanelefs  et  Ac  per  rivulum  aque  de  JVyteker  inter dominicos  dom.  regis  et  bofeum  de  Thornton  ufque  ad  parcum  de  Crayk  afeendendo  et  fe- quendo  haias  ejufdem  parci  ufque  ad  aquam  de  Fofs  ufque  ad  molendinum  de  Stiveting - “  ton  et  per  eandem  aquam  ufque  ad  priorat.  de  Melfenby  et  Ac  ufque  le  Brendmilne  de «*  Ferlington  et  Ac  per  did.  aquam  ufque  ad  molend.  de  Bulford  et  Ac  ufque  Strenfale  et  Ac “  ufque  Huntingdon  per  eandem  aquam  ufque  ad  pedem  muri  pontis  de  Layrethorpc  ubi  in- ‘c  cipiunt.  Et  dicunt  quod  in  predid.  perambulatione  fuerunt  pofite  extra  foreAam  in  bal- <c  liva  de  Kyle  villa  de  Lynton ,  Aldwark ,  Thoraldthorpe ,  Brafferton ,  Helperby ,  Flauthworlh , Milan ,  F aldington ,  Thornotby ,  Ceffey ,  Rafkelf ,  et  Toulton  cum  earum  bofeis  et  campis  ; “  et  in  balliva  de  EJingwald  ville  de  Baxby ,  Hu fi wait,  Thorneton  et  Elleflon  cum  earum  bof- “  cis  et  campis;  et  in  balliva  de  Myrefcough  ville  de  Brandejhy ,  Queneby ,  Marton ,  Fading - ‘‘  tor.,  Cornbtirgh,  Hot  on,  JVejl  Lilting,  Eajl  Lilting ,  Slider,  Thornton,  Fofion ,  Barton ,  Flax- “  lor,  Claxton ,  Harton ,  Boffale ,  Barneby ,  Buttercramb ,  Sutton  ourgarth.  Pons  belli  pro  parte, “  Gate  HelmeJley ,  Over  Helmejley,  Sandy  Holon,  Holteby ,  War  thill,  Stokton ,  Strenjhale,  Tow- “  thorp ,  Earfwick ,  Huntington ,  Morton,  OJbalwick,  Heworth  et  Tonge,  cum  bofeis  et  cam- “  pis  earum,  et  dicunt  quod  omnes  ville  predid.  cum  bofeis  et  campis  predid.  fuerunt  in “  forefta  ut  intendunt  in  aliquo  tempore  ante  afforeftationem  fadam  per  bone  memorie ‘‘  Hen.  avum  dom.  Hen.  regis  avi  dom.  noft.  regis  nunc.  Item  fuerunt  pofite  extra  fo- “  reftam  in  predid.  perambul.  le  Brounemor  et  bofee  de  Myrfcogh  et  bofee  de  Sandy  Ho- ‘‘  ton  et  mora  de  Sandyburne  in  balliva  de  Myrefcough  et  que  fuerunt  et  adhuc  funtdedo- “  miniisdom.  regis,  et  predids  villa  de  Rafkelf  cum  toto  dominio  ejufdem  que  pofita  fuit “  extra  foreftam  aliquo  tempore  fuit  efeheat.  progenit.  dom.  regis  et  data  fuit  integraliter ‘c  antecefforibus  dom.  Ranulpbi  de  Ne-vyle.  Et  dicunt  quod  non  habetur  in  foreA.  predid. “  foreftarius  de  feodo  fet  Johan.  Hayward  eft  foreftarius  et  tenet  balliam  fuam  ad  terminum “  vite  fue  de  dono  dom.  regis  Ed.  patris  dom.  regis  Ed.  nunc,  et  habet  attornatum  fuum “  Willielmim  de  Wulley  in  partibus  illis,  et  qui  premunitus  elt  fecund,  tenor,  brevis  et  qui “  fe  bene  et  Adeliter  gerit  pro  ftatu  did.  Johan,  dom.  fui,  et  predid.  premiAi  conAlio  dom. “  regis  fuper  facrament.  fuum  predid.  teftiAcant  effe  vera. Bundel.  ForeJJ.  n.  3.  9.  Ed.  II. There  are  a  great  number  of  grants,  &c.  relating  to  this  foreft  amongft  the  records  of the  Tower ;  as  to  the  foreft;  keepers  timber,  underwoods,  venifon,  &c.  the  tithes  of  this laft  was  given  to  the  abbey  of  St.  Marfs  Fork.  Clauf  9  Ed.  II.  m.  1 6. P.  248.  Seft.  13.  Nunnery  of  Clcmenthorp,  “  all  thefe  grants  were  conftrmed  to  it.” 8  G  The 4 xxxix APPENDIX. The  firft  confirmation  made  to  this  religious  houfe  was  from  king  John  \  who  in  the firft  year  of  his  reign,  when  at  York,  gave  them  the  following  charter. Ctmfirmdfio  monialibus  S.  Clementis  Ebor. «  JOHANNES  Dei  gratia,  &c.  fciatis  nos  conccffifle  et  hac  carta  noftra  confirmafle J  “in  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemofynam  Deo  et  fanfto  Clementl  et  monialibus  ibi- “  dem  Deo  fervientibus  terram  quam  Regents  Ebor.  archiep.  emit  de  proprio  de  Hugcne ‘‘  ftWo'.Sichling  et  quod  prediftis  Deo  fanfto  dementi  et  monialibus  dedic  et  carta  fua  con- “  firmavit  cujus  fcilicet  portionem  terre  predifte  moniales  coemerant  a  prefato  Hugone , “  Quare  volumus  et  firmiter  precipimus  quod  ipfe  moniales  habeant  et  teneant  prediftam «  terram  bene  et  in  pace  libere  et  quiete  et  integre  ficut  carta  predifti  archiep.  in  hunc  ra¬ th  tionabiliter  teftatur. “  T.  G.  filio  Petri  com.  EJjfex,  JVillielme  de  Stutevile,  Hugone  de  Bard. “  Dat.  per  manus  S.  IVellenf.  archidiac.  et  Johannis  de  Gray  apud  Eborac.  xxvi  die  Martis “  an.  reg.  noil,  primo. P.  249.  Seel.  7.  “  Thefe  milns  were  granted  from  the  crown  but  when  I  know  not.” Since  the  printing  of  this  I  have  found  amongft  the  records  in  the  rolls  that  thele  milns called  under  the  caftle  of  York,  were  fold  by  queen  Elizabeth  to  one  Francis Guilpyn  for  xii  /.  anno  reg.  13. Ibid.  Self.  8.  St.  Andrew’s  priory. Some  extrads  of  grants  to  this  priory,  from  the  records  in  the  Tower ,  run  in  thefe words, Monajl.  St.  Andree  Ebor. (a)  “  Rex  omnibus,  &c.  Remiflionem  et  quietam  clamantiam  quam  Thomas  de  Chau/H ct  cy  nuper  dom.  de  Skirpenbeck  per  feriptum  l'uum  pro  fe  et  hered.  fuis  diledis  nobis  in “  Chrifto  priori  et  convent  S.  Andree  Ebor.  de  tota  communa  pailure  quam  idem  Thomas u  habuit  in  omnibus  terris  et  diftorum  prioris  et  conventus  in  Thoraldby  in  com.  Ebor.  ra- “  tas  habentes  et  gfatas  eas  pro  nobis  et  hered.  noft.  quant,  in  nob.  eft  per  finem  quern did.  prior  fecit  nobifeum  concedimus  et  confirmamuS  ficut  feriptum  predid.  rationab* teftatur. “In  cujus,  &c. u  T.  R.  apud  Grove  xii  die  Jan. Per  brtve  de  private  ftgillo.  duplicat. (b)  “  Rex  omnibus,  &c.  falutem.  Sciatis  quod  cum  nuper  per  litteras  noft.  patent; «•  conceflerimus  et  licentiam  dederimus  pro  nobis  et  heredibus  noft.  quantum  in  nob.  fuerit “  diledis  nob.  in  Chrifto  priori  et  conventui  fandi  Andree  in  Ebor.  quod  ipfi  terras  tene- “  ment.  et  redditus  cum  pertinent,  ad  valorem  decern  marcarum  per  ann.  juxta  verurh  va- “  lorem  eorundem  tarn  de  feodo  fuo  proprio  quam  alieno,  exceptis  terris  tenem.  et  redditi- “  bus  que  de  nobis  tenentur  in  capite,  adquirere  poflent  habend.  et  tenend.  fibi  et  fuccefT. “  fuis  in  perpetuum.  Sciatis  de  terris  ct  tenem.  ad  manum  mort.  non  ponend.  edito  non “  obftante  prout  in  litt.  noft.  predid.  plenius  continetur.  Nos  volumus  conceflionem  no- “  ftram  predid.  efledam  mancipari  ac  pro  duabus  marcis  quas  predid.  prior  nob.  folvit “  conceflimus  et  licentiam  dedimus  pro  nob.  et  hered.  noft.  quantum  in  nob.  eft  Jobanni  de “  Bu'ttercrambe  capellano  et  Roberto  filio  Alani  armiger.  capellano  quod  ipfi  trefdecem  tofta “  quatuor  decern  bovatas  terre  et  dimid.  et  fex  folidatas  unam  denaratam  et  unam  obolatam “  redditus  in  Ebor.  et  Flaxton  unde  quatuor  folid.  reddit  cum  pertin.  in  Ebor.  de  nobis  in “  Burgagio  ut  parcella  civit.  Ebor.  tenent.  et  refidua  tofta  terra  et  due  folid.  una  denar,  et  una “  obolat.  redditus  de  nobis  non  tenent.  et  quidem  tofta  et  terra  fervitia  inde  debita  valent  per “  ann.  in  omnibus  exitibus  juxta  veium  valorem  eorund.  centum  folidos  ficut  per  inquifi- “  tionem  inde  per  dileft.  nob.  Willielmum  de  Nejfefeld  efeheat.  noft.  in  com.  Ebor.  de  man- “  dato  noft.  faclam  et  in  cancellario  noft.  retornat.  et  compert.  dare  pofTint  et  aftignare “  prefatis  priori  et  convent.  Habend.  et  tenend.  fibi  et  fuccefior.  fuis  in  plenam  fatisfaftio- “  Hem  decern  marcarum  terrar.  tenem.  et  reddit.  predift.  in  perpetuum,  &c. “  In  cujus,  &c, “  T.  R.  apud  IVeJlm.  xii  die  Mali.  I “  Rex  omnibus,  &c.  Licet,  &c.  de  gratia  noft.  fpeciali  et  pro  quatuor  marcis  quas ;c  dileftus  nob.  Thomas  Thurkill  nob.  folvit  in  hanap.  noft.  conceflimus  et  licentiam  dedimus pro  nobis  et  hered.  noft.  quantum  in  nob.  eft,  quod  ipfe  duo  mefluagia  et  duodecim  acras ‘  terre  et  dimid.  cum  pertinent,  in  Overfulford  et  IFaterfulford  que  de  nob.  non  tenentur, ‘  dare  pofiit  et  aflignare  dileft.  nob.  in  Chrifto  priori  et  conventui  fanfti  Andree  in  fub- (a)  Pat.  3  EJ.  II.  m.  24. ( b )  Pat.  34.  Ed.  III.  ^>.  1.  m.  14. (0  Put.  19  Ric.  XI.  p.  \.m.  31. “  urbio APPENDIX: ; «  utbio  Ebor.  habend.  «•  tejwsd.  «dtm.  priori  et  copventui  «  fucceffur,  Eis  In.  auxilium <■  ftifentationU  file  in  perpetuum.  Et  cUfem  Pf«i,W  convent,  quod  -pS  meffi  «  terrain “-prqdift.  a  prefiuo  <r7aow«  recipere  pgffiot  et  tenere  fib.  et  lt.cceflor.bus  figs  m  auxilium ..  lfiftent.  fine  ut  predifit,  ell:  w  perpetuum,  ftatuto  dc  maw,  mprt  n9fl.ot1ll.40te,  Sfc.  .• “  In  cujus,  &c. X.  R-  apud  PPeftm,  primp  die  Julii. P.  250.  Sea.  ult.  St.,  Nicholas  hofpital. Ebor.  Lepr.ofi  ibidem  -pro  terns  injuburk  ejufdepi.  per.  Matildam  regnuvt}.  Annicje,  ait:,  :m- peratricejn,  dat.  bop,  S„  Nichola.  ibidem. Hofp.  S.  Nichola.  extra  Walm-gap;. '(d)  “  INquiltcio  fiifta  inter  dominum  regem  ex  una  parte  et  magiftrum  et  fratr.es  hofp.* 1  tabs  S  Nichdcu  Ebor.  per  IP alter uv.  de  Grimfo/t  Ebor.  Ihll.  do, d  .  -Ion  de,  eadem, •ca  Alex  ciUire  de  eadem.  Will.  Lo'ngum  de  eadem,  Tbomam  Je.Nafertm  de  eadem,  IVid  de “  Rollon  de  eadem,  Robertum  fifam  Benedicli  dcHewrde,  ‘Thomam  de Haton  de  eatieiii,  Michae- .<  lemdeHewrde,  Johannem  Nenlode  de  eadem,  Petrum  de  Dielon  de  eadem,  mil.  delVyueJlawe, at  jurati  per  facramentum  dicunt  quod  Matilda  bona  regina  Anglic  dedit  predicti?  nraglltio “  et  fratribus  difti  hofpitalis  unam  carucatam  terre  et  imam  acram  prat,  et  dimid.  in  campo «  fuburbii  civitatis  Ebor.  confirmatam  per  regem  Stephamnn  ad  palcendum  omnes  leprolos de  comitattl  Ebor.  ibidem  de  confuetudine  venientes  in  vigilia  apoftdorilin  Petrie t  Pauli, “  pro  animabus  omnium  antecefforum  et  fiicceilbrum  eorum  et  luer.nt  in  ia.fina  predict, “  prati  a  tempore  predi&e  bone  regine  Matilde  ufque  ad  fecundum  tempos  quo  Robertas “  deCreppvtZS  fuit  vicecomes  Ebor.  qui  eos  de  preditto  prato  defeifliavit  et  tenu.t  ad  opus «  equorum  fuorum,  et  fie  aliter  vicecomes  pod  aliurn  illud  pratum  detenuerunt  et  va  ult “  illud  pratum  dimidium  twice  et  Ipatium  difte  dift'eifme  cont.nuav.t  vigtnti  annos  ctplifs. P.  205.  S 'eft.  10.  Free  fchool  in  Bootham.  .  . The  whole  grant  of  Philip  and  Mary,  relating  the  foundation  ot  this  fchool  being  too long  to  infert  I  fltall  only  give  the  preamble,  as  follows, From  a  manufeript  entitled,  viz.  Omnium  inftrumentorum  el  monumentorum  exemplana  hbe- ravi  fcholam  gramaticalem  apud  le  Horfe-fajte  Ebor.  conferva, diam,  in  hoc  volumuie  confcripta or  dine  Jequuntur.  . Couceff.  decano  et  capital.  Ebor. Ucentia  dominor.  regis  et  regine  concejfa  magiflro  bofpitalie  ^Bowthom  ad  donandum  ditto  ho- fpitale  ecclejie  cathedral.  Ebor.  et  dccano  et  capitulo  ibidem,  ad  illud  recipient,  etadujumh- here  fcbole  convertendum , *t  philippus  et  Maria  Dei  gratia  rex  et  regina  &c.  ompibus  ad  quos  falutem.  Cum  l?o- ic  fbual  fanfte  Marie  extra  Botbome-barre  civitatis  Ebor.  vulgant.  nuncupat.  the  Horjc-faire cc  iam  dim  terris  decimis  fpiritualibus  ac  aliis  bonis  et  rebus  competend.  ad  certuin  capella- “  riorum  et  pauperum  numerum  in  ead.  exhibend.  uti  afferitur  antiquitus  fuerit  tundacum “  et  dota  turn,  eta  multisjam  exaft.is  annis,  parti  m  temporum  maliti.i  parti, m  honunum “  nedi^entia  feu  verius  inexhaufta  cupiditate  prima  ipfius  hofpitahs  fundationc  negleci.1, “  quali°vacuunt  diu  remanfit,  adeo  quod  hofpitalis  nomine  folum  retento  omne  hofpirali- tc  tatjs  et.  pii  loci  meritum  amiferit,  nullaque  in  eo  hofpitalitatis,  nullus  lbi  pauper  iluten- cc  tatur  nullus  denique  Domini  cultus  aut  decorum  in  co  fovetur,  led  omnes  ejufdem  ho.fpi- cc  taiis  ’juventus  in  unius  magiftri  et  duorum  capellanorum  extra  dictum  hofpitaje  conttnuo “  decrentiumac  alibi  forfan  beneficatorum  ufuum  et  comoditatem  indebite  convertuntur,  ca- 41  peflaque  ibidem  uti  veftigia  demonftrant,  decenter  conftrutta  et  mimflTorum  numero  Jui¬ ce  ficienti,  ut  apparuit ,  deputata  in  fuis  muris  fabrica  et  te ft ura  adeo  lacerata  exiftit <c  et  ruinola  quod  permagiftrum  et  focios  ejufdem  ad  prifti.num  ftatum  fuum  defacili  neque- c c  at  reparari  et  reftitui  in  fundatorum  ipfius  hofpitalis  injuriam  et  abutentium  huju.lmodi “  animarum  grave  periculum  :  Cumque  ut  accipimus  decanus  et  cajaitulum  ecclefie  ca- k‘  thedralis  fanfti  Petri  Ebor.  quandam  fcholam  grammaticalem  ct  certi  numei  i  lcQla.num educatione  et  erudidone  ac  ludimagiftri  et  alio  rum  miniftrqrum  in  eadem  alimentatione cc  tt  perpetua  exhibitione  apud  ecclefiam  cathedralem  predift.am  erigere.  fundare  et  itabilire “  proponant  et  intendanr,  quo  in  ecclefia  cathedrali  predifta  et  alibi  miniftrorum  jam  diu  ,.de- “  crefentium  numerusuberiorum  exiftat  etdivinus  cultus  hoc  exafto  pern  it  ip fi  feiimatis  tqm- <c  pore  pro pelabefaftatus  decentius  exornetur,  quod  finemagnis  eorum  decanf  et  capituli  fum- cc  ptibus  etexpenfo  perfici  nequeat  et  per  impleri  •,  cumque  etiam  dileftus  nobis  in  Chrifto  Ro- cc  %ert  Johnfon  in  decrct.  baccalaurius  ipfius  hofpitalis  nunc  magiltcr  et  focii  ejufdem  de  et  cum cc  confenfu,  alTenfu  et  ratincatione  per  dilefti  noftri  Mltjdmi  domim  de  Eur,e  ac  dilefti  nobis “  T/jo.  Erles field  de  Barton  in  le  willows  in  com.  noftro  Ebor.  generofi  et  Ric.  MarJJoall  de Rulterwicke  in  com.  predifto  gen.  difti  hofpital.  verorum  et  indubitatorum  procuratoruin “  noftrorum  hujufmodi  tarn  pium  opus  quantum  in  illis  prout  promovere  et  ad  e  heft  urn “  perducere  charitatis  intuitu  ftudiofe  cupientes  diftum  hofpital.  cum  fingujis  fuis  terns  te- “  nementis  et  aliis  pervenient.  et  hereditament,  quibufeunque  eidem  pertinen.  d,iftts  decano “  et  capitulo  et  eorum  fuccefior.  in  fuftentationem  difte  fchole  in  forma  predifta  erige,nd. (a)  Efcb.  3  Ed.  I.  n.  76. xi 4 xli “  cupientcs  confiderantefoue  nihil  id  rnrir  ™  ,d  .  holPltal-  leto  ammo  juvare “  quam  ut  doftorum  virorum  turba  in  ecclefif ‘iv”  re  'S'on!:m  fbvendam  conducibilius 'mmrnmm eT^^«troquarto  die  ann:s  r«  4 « *• />.  256.  ui.  ,  Gtity-gatt.  P"  heVe  d‘  rrim‘°  hi“°  ^ 27^  cafe  of  Gilly-gate  Haled. “  toleTlTkewIrfot'  coarnith4t0ihe0lord  abtot  gav  ‘°- the  Iord  biIlloP-  °ther “  the  confiderations  aforefaidei  the  S  mavorfnd  Sabt  wL‘n  ^ :ff  rsifatf “  ces  (by  mfon  that  °H  e  Pei"P°ns  pave  before  their  houfes  for  their  own  convenien- Tfgthen|ordm,n  .s  ki"S’S  high"'ly  in  brc;u,th  ou2ht  °0  be  prefemed Jfh  Thyr  PhVed  -U  the  |ord-major’s  charges  for  the  confiderations  aforefaid°e  Vl"°  * 6.  ihefe  bargains  and  agreements  betwixt  the  lord  ihhnr  mti  \  \  . ::tee:£S=£:;teK3 lipiigigiiiii ■  ;=s  ssr^ssa*  swsiH1-  “  awva “  8.  By xln APPENDIX. “  By  this  the  pinfold  in  Gilly-gate ,  which  was  permitted  by  the  lord  abbot  to  be  fett “  within  the  liberty  of  the  ftray,  ftands  in  the  liberty  of  St.  Mary's  and  in  the  county, “  and  not  in  the  jurifdidion  of  the  citty,  for  all  the  cattle  therein  impounded  are  taken “  from  of  the  lands  formerly  belonging  to  the  lord  abbot  being  within  the  liberty  and “  county  aforefaid  ;  foif  the  faid  pindfold  ftands  in  the  citty  jurifdidion  (as  they  erronioufly “  affirme)  then  does  the  pafture  mafters  and  other  perfons  impounding  cattle  there  bring “  themfelves  within  the  penalty  of  the  faide  ftatute. “  The  pinfold  belonging  to  the  citty  for  waves,  ftrayers,  and  trefpafies  done  in  the “  citty  jurifdidion  ftands  in  a  place  called  Toft-green  within  the  walls  of  the  faide  citty. “  io.  Laftly  in  the  time  of  rebellion,  the  houfes  without  Bowdam-barr  being  burnt “  down ;  the  molt  of  them  being  rebuilt  by  freemen  of  the  citty,  the  owners  and  occupiers “  thereof,  by  reafon  of  their  freedoms  oath,  and  by  the  threats  of  the  lord-majors  and  aj- “  dermen  in  thofe  bad  times  of  being  fined  or  imprifoned,  one  of  the  conftables  of “  St.  Olave' s,  or  St,  Mary's  was  compelled  to  be  fworne  at  the  citty  court  leets ;  yetnot- “  withftanding  being  a  conftablery  not  within  their  antient  books  of  rates,  or  antient  no- “  mina  villarum ,  never  payd  any  quarter  payes  to  the  city,  viz.  bridg-money,  houfe  of ‘  ‘  corredion  mony,  lame  foldiers  money,  &c.  but  the  other  conftable  of  St.  Mary's  or “  St.  Olave' s  pays  the  whole  proportion  for  both  conftableryes  to  the  weapontake  of  Bul- “  m er ,  and  in  lieu  thereof  keepes  the  poor  mony  to  their  own  conftablery,  which  fhould “  be  deftributed  throughout  both  conftableryes,  they  being  both  one  parifh  and  con- “  ftablery. P.  258.  Sett.  v.lt.  St.  Olave' s  church. Olave ,  or  Olaf  king  of  Norway ,  was  a  very  pious  innocent  prince,  but  fo  zealous  a- gainft  wizzards  and  witches  that  he  banifhed  forne  and  put  others  to  death.  The  few  re¬ maining  magicians,  together  with  the  relations  of  thofe  that  had  fuffered,  were  fo  enraged at  this,  that  they  combined  together  and  took  an  opportunity  of  killing  the  king  ;  who  for the  innocence  of  his  life  and  the  fuffering  for  the  caufe  of  God,  according  at  leaft  to  the judgment  of  thofe  times,  was  reckoned  afterwards  a  faint  and  martyr. This  is  the  common  account  of  him  ;  but  fome  writers  charge  Canutus  with  his  death, and  fay  that  he  fpirited  up  his  fubjeds  to  this  wicked  ad  in  order  to  make  himfelf  mafter of  his  kingdom  ;  which  he  adually  did  immediately  after  the  good  king’s  death.  You may  find  the  whole  ftory  in  Crejfy's  church  hiftoryof  Britain ,  lib.  xxxiv.  c.y.p.  942.  He is  an  author  of  no  great  credit,  but  here  he  brings  his  proper  vouchers,  and  therefore  de- ferves  the  more  regard. I  fancy  the  Englijh  had  a  greater  value  than  ordinary  for  this  faint  out  of  hatred  to  the Danes ;  for  there  are  fo  many  churches  dedicated  to  him  in  England  as  can  hardly  be  ac¬ counted  for  any  other  way.  I  need  not  tell  you  that  his  name  is  often  very  odly  corrupted into  'Tooley,  as  St.  Anne  into  'Tan,  St.  Andrew  into  ’ Tandrew ,  Si.  Alenin  in  ’ Tawkin ,  &c. Dr.  Langwitb. P.  260.  Sett.  1 7. I  find  that  the  redory  of  Clifton ,  alias  St.  Olave' s,  was  fold  to  Thomas  Eymis  for  vii /. vii  s.  1 5  Eliz.  Rolls  chap. P.  261.  Sett.  ult.  et.  P.  262.  Sett.  1. Toll,  &c.  granted  for  the  reparations  of  the  city  walls. De  villa  Ebor.  claudenda. “  O  EX  (e)  majori  et  probis  hominibus  Ebor.  falutem.  Sciatis  quod  concefiimus  vobis “  in  auxilium  ville  Ebor.  ad  fecuritatem  et  tuitionem  ejufdem  ville,  fimul  et  partium “  adjacentium,  quod  capiatis  a  die  Pentecoftes  anno  regni  noftri  x.  ufque  ad  feftum  S.  Mi- t(  chaelis  anno  regni  noftri  xi.  de  qualibet  caretta  five  carro  comitatus  Ebor.  ferente  res  ve- “  nales  in  eandem  viliam  ibidem  vendendas  unum  obulum  ;  et  de  qualibet  caretta  five  carro “  alterius  comitatus  ferente  res  venales  in  eandem  viliam  ibidem  vendendas  unum  denarium  ; “  et  de  quolibet  fummagio  rerum  venalium  ibidem  vendendarum,  preterque  de  fummagio “  Bufch.  unum  quadrantem  ;  et  de  quolibet  equo  et  equa  et  bove  et  vacca  venali  illuc “  dudis  ad  vendendum  unum  obolum  ;  et  de  decern  ovibus  vel  capris  vel  porcis  venalibus, “  illuc  dutftis  ad  vendendum  unum  denarium;  et  de  quinque  ovibus  vel  porcis  vel  capris “  unum  obulum ;  et  de  qualibet  nave  veniente  in  viliam  Ebor.  carcata  rebus  venalibus  ibi- “  dem  vendendis  quatuor  denarios.  Ita  cum  quod  occalione  iftius  concefiionis  noftre  de “  hujufmodi  carettis  carris  fummagiis  equis  equabus  bobus  vaccis  ovibus  capris  vel  por- “  cis  vel  nave  veniente  in  villa  carcata  rebus  venalibus  nihil  capiatur  poft  predi&um  ter- “  minum  completum,  fed  ftatim  completo  termino  illo  cadet  confuetudo  ilia  et  penitus  abo- “  letur.  Et  ideo  vobis  mandamus  quod  in  auxilium  ville  predifte  claudende  confuetudi- “  dinem  prediftam  capiatis  ufque  ad  predictum  terminum  completum  ficut  predidum  eft. “  T.  R.  apud  JVefim.  xiii.  die  Mail  anno  reg.  x.  coram  jufticiariis  ;  mandatum  viceco- “  miti  Ebor.  quod  hanc  confuetudinem  predidam  per  totam  ballivam  fuam  clamari “  faciat  et  firmiter  obfervari,  ficut  predidum  eft,  T.  rege  apud  JVeJlm.  ut  fupra, ( t)  Pat.  10.  Hen.  Ill,  m.  j. 8  H  Ai 5 xliii APPENDIX. Ad  decanum  et  cap.  pro  eadem  cauja. “  T5  E  X  (f )  decano  et  capitulo  Ebor.  falutem.  Rogamus  vos  quod  in  confuetudinem -TV  “  quam  capi  concefiimus  in  civitate  Ebor.  ad  eandem  civitatem  claudendam,  ad <*  tuitionem  et  defenfionem  ejufdem  civitatis,  et  partium  illarum,  ec  ad  indempnitatem  ve- «  ft  ram  et  communem  utilitatem  omnium  de  partibus  illis,  ab  hominibus  veftris  capi  per- “  mittatis  ad  prefens  ulque  ad  terminum  quern  ad  hoc  per  litteras  noftras  concefiimus;  fie “  uti  quod  nolumus  quod  hujufmodi  confuetudo  predidta  terminum  iJlum  illapfum  non  ce- ‘‘  vobis  in  prejudicium  vel  trahetur  in  confuetudinem. tc  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  has  litteras  patentes  vobis  mittimus. U  Tefte  et  data  ut  fupra. Ebor.  de .  tallagio  ibidem  fuper  reddit.  et  catall.  pro  muris  foflatis  &c.  repatandis. Ad  decanum  Ebor.  fuper  eandem  caufam. “  O  EX.  (g)  dile&o  clerico  fuo  magiftro  Roberto  Pykerynge  decano  eccle.  beati  Petri  Ebcir. Iv  “  falutem.  Cum  ut  intelleximus  major  ballivi  et  cives  civitatis  noftre  Ebor.  quod- “  dam  tallagium  fuper  redditibus  et  catallis  fuis  in  eadem  civitate  pro  muris  et  foflatis  ac “  aliis  fortaliciis  di<5te  civitatis  reparand.  et  corroborand.  pro  falvatione  et  defenfione  civi- «  tat.  illius,  ex  unanimo  confenfu  fuo  appofuerunt  per  conftabularios  wardarium  dide  ci- «  vitatis  levand.  Vos  levationem  hujufmodi  tallagii  per  predict,  majorem  ballivos  et  ci- “  ves  ex  unanimo  confenfu  eorundem  ex  caufa  predida  funt  aflefli,  impedire  nitentes  pre- “  didos  conftabularios  quo  minus  tallagium  illud  fic  afleflum  de  aliquibus  tenent.  que  de “  nob.  tenentur  in  capite  in  predid.  civitate  levare  pofiint  per  cenfuras  ecclefiafticas  im- ‘‘  pedjtis,  in  maximum  periculum  civitatis  predide,  ac  hominum  in  eadem  civitate  com- “  morantium  et  noft.  prejudicium  manifeftum  ;  unde  plurimum  admiramur,  nos  fecuritati “  dide  civitatis  et  indempnitatis  hominum  in  eadem  commorantium  modis  et  viis,  quibus “  bono  modo  poterimus  providere  volentes,  vobis  mandamus  firmiter  injungentes  quod,  ft “  ita  eft,  tunc  conftabularios  predidos  hujufmodi  tallagium  per  predidos  majorem  ballivos “  et  cives  ex  unanimo  confenfu  eorundem  ut  promittetur  appofttum  juxta  ipforum  ordina¬ te  tionem  fadam  levare  abfque  impedimento  aliquo  pei  mittatis.  Taliter  vos  habentes  in “  hac  parte  quod  ex  defedu  veftro  in  premiflis  per  nos  redargui  non  debeatis  quovis “  modo. “  Tefte  R.  apud  Marlebergh  primo  die  Januarii. P.  263.  Sett.  1.  “  Priory  of  the  Holy  Trinity  York. Pro  priore  ecclefie  Sande  Trinitatis  Ebor.  de  confirmatione. EX  (h)  omnibus  ad  qu os,  &c.  falutem.  Infpeximus  cartam  quam  Celebris  memorie lv  tt  dom.  Hen.  rex  Anglie  progenitor  noft.  fecit  in  hec  verba :  Hen.  rex  Anglie  ar- “  chiepif.  epif.  juft,  vicecomit.  baronibus  et  omnibus  fidelibus  fuis  Francis  et  Anglis  falu- “  tern.  Sciatis  quod  ego  concedo  Deo  et  ecclefie  S.  Trinitatis  de  Eboraco  et  monachis  in «  ea  Deo  fervientibusomnes  tenuras  fuas  in  eleemofynis  inecclefiis  et  terris  etdecimis  et  ho- cc  minibus  et  omnibus  aliis  beneficiis  que  Radulphus  Paganellus  illis  dedit  et  concefiit,  ficut «  in  carta  fua  continetur,  ipfam  fcilicet  ecclefiam  Santte  Trinitatis  et  terras  fuas  extra  por- “  tarn  de  Micklelitb  que  jacent  ad  occidentalem  partem  ipfius  civitatis,  cum  omnibus  perti- “  nentiis  et  cum  omnibus  libertatibus  fuis  et  liberis  confuetudinibus  fuis  eidem  ecclefie  per- “  tinentibus,  cum  foca  et  facca  et  tol  et  them  et  infangentheft  liberaset  quietas  ab  omnibus “  fecular.  fervitiis  in  eadem  civitate  ecclefiam  S.  Helene  et  quecunque  ad  eandem  pertinen- “  tia  ante  eandem  ecclefiam,  toftum  unius  diaconi  in  Lincolnienfi  fcira,  ecclefiam  de  Imam  ec “  quicquid  ad  earn  pertinet  et  duas  partes  decimarum  de  dominico  ejufdem  ville  et  duas <l  partes  omnium  decimarum  de  dominicis  de  Scallebia  et  de  AJhcelenade  feodo  Odonis  TuJ- the ,  et  duas  partes  omnium  decimarum  de  dominico  de  Tanclejbia  et  molendinum  ejul- 4<  dem  ville  de  feudo  Rad.  de  Bolliaco ,  ecclefiam  de  Rafa  et  quicquid  ad  illam  pertinet  et il'  decimas  aule,  ecclefiam  de{ Berthona  et  que  ad  earn  pertinent,  etduas  partes  omnium  de- “  cimarum  de  dominico  ejufdem  ville,  ecclefiam  de  Rokejbeia  et  quicquid  ad  earn  pertinet,  et cl  duas  partes  omnium  decimarum  ejufdem  ville  dom°.  In  Eboracenfi  fcira  in  villa  que “  vocatur  Dracx  pifcatoriam  unam  et  decimam  ceterarum  pifcatur.  et  unam  carrucatam tc  terre  in  Bardelbeia ,  ecclefiam  de  Newtona  et  quicquid  ad  earn  pertin.  et  decimas  de  do- “  rninio  ejufdem  ville,  ecclefiam  de  Monketona  et  quicquid  ad  earn  pertinet  et  unam  carru- “  rat.  terre  et  dimid.  in  eadem  villa  et  quatuordecim  bovat.  terre  in  Hefelfay ,  ecclefiam ^  de  Ledes  et  quicquid  ad  earn  pertinet,  et  decimas  de  dominio  et  dimid.  carucat.  terre  in eadem  villa,  totam  etiam  villam  de  Strettona  cum  omnib.  pertin.  fuis  et  duas  partes  decim. (f)  Vat.  10  Hen.  III.  m.  3.  (h)  Vat.  30  Ed.  III.  f.  I  •  tn.  14. (g)  Clan/.  14  Ed.  III.  m.  12.  dorfo. appendix. de  dominio,  ecclefiam  de  Hotona  et  quicquid  ad  earn  pertinet,  et  duas  partes  omnium  decim. «.  de  dominio  ejufd.  ville,  ecclefiam  S.  Helene  de  Tirnefcogh  et  quicquid  ad  earn  pertinet,  ec- “  defiam  S.  Johan,  de  Adel a  et  quicquid  ad  earn  pertinet  et  unum  carrucatam  terre  in  eadem villa  et  dccintas  de  Ardingtana  et  omnium  villarum  que  eidem  adjacent,  et  decim.  de  do- “  minio  dimid.  ecclefiam  de  Cramburn  et  quicquid  ad  illam  pertm.  ecclefiam  de  Bortbcna  in “  Riiala  et  quicquid  ad  cam  pertinet  et  duas  partes  omnium  decim.  de  dominio  e|ufd.  v  file “  decimas  etiam  de  Fademora  ex  dono  Jordani  Pamel  filii  lpfius  Radulphi ,  villam  de  KunyngeJ- “  thorp  totam  et  integram  cum  omnib.  pertinen.  fuis  ficut  carta  iplius  teftatur,  duas  partes “  omnium  decim.  de  dom.  de  Newtma  fuper  Wald.  Et  volo  et  conccdo  et  firmiter  precipio “  quod  honorifice  et  bene  et  pace  et  libere  et  quiete  omnia  fuper  nominate  habeant  et  tene- “  ant  non  difturbent,  etubicunque  terras  habent  volo  ut  fint  quieti  etlibenab  omm  fcrvitute “  et  confuetudine  de  hundredo  et  wapontack.  Tell.  Nigello  de  Albim,  Roberto  de  Bros,  Si- mone  Dapfero,  Rad.  de  BaUiaco,  Alano  Flealdi  filio,  Ranulpho  Tbefauram  noil,  apud  Ebora- “  cum.  Infpeximus  etiam  quandam  aliam  cartam  ejufdem  progenit.  noil,  in  hec  verba.  Flen. “  Dei  gratia  rex  Aug.  dux  fforman.  Aquit.  et  comes ^Bti^.archiepifcopisepifcopisabb.comit. “  baron,  jullic.  vicecom.  balliv.  et  omnibus  minift.  et  fidel.  fuis  totius  Ang.  et  Norman,  falu- “  tern.  Sciatis  me  conceffifle  et  hac  prefenti  carta  mea  confirmafie  Deo  et  ecc.  S.  Tnn  Ebor. “  et  monachis  de  Majori  monafterio  ibidem  Deo  fervient.  ecclef.  S.  Johan,  de  Adela  cum “  omnib.  pertin.  fuis  et  unam  carucat.  terre  in  eadem  villa  de  donat.  Rad.  Pag anelli  et  con- “  firm,  filior.  ejus  ficut  carte  eorum  teftant.  Et  ideo  volo  et  firmiter  precipio  quod  predid. “  monachi  pred.  ecc.  habeant  et  teneant  bene  et  in  pace  quiete  et  honorifice  cum  omnib. “  libert.  ad  eandem  ecclef.  pertin.  T.  Stephana  de  Turon.  fenefcaldo  Andegavie ,  Ranulpho  de “  Glanvillis ,  apud  Turon.  Nosautem  cartas  predid.  et  omnia  et  fingula  in  eis  contenta  ra¬ ce  ta  habentes  et  grata  ea  pro  nob.  et  hered.  noft.  diledo  nob.  in  Chrifto  Johanms  de  Chefiaco “  nunc  priori  loci  predid.  ac  monach.  ibidem  Deo  fervient.  eorum  lucceff.  ratificamus  con- “  ced.  et  confirm,  prout  carte  predid.  rationab.  teftantur. “  In  cujus,  &c. “  T.  R.  apud  JVejlm.  xxv.  die  Novembris. “  Pro  dimid.  marca  folut.  in  hanappio. p.  264.  Sen.  8.  “  It  is  now  called  ‘Trinity-gardens ,  t£c.” The  feite  of  the  priory  of  the  Holy-Trinity  in  York  was  fold  to  Leonard  Beckwith ,  with  the demefne  lands  there,  34  Hen.  VIII.  Rolls  Chapel, p.  265.  Sen.  penult.  “  Old  Bailed ’ Ebor.  archiep.  de  mernorand.  irrotulat.  de  cujlod.  et  defenf.  cujufdam  partis  civitatis  voc.  Mlium tempore  guerrae ,  viz.  cum  ad  prefat.  archiep.  aut  ad  cives  ib.  de  jure  pertineat  (i). tt  r  Emorand.  quod  die  Mercurii  proximo  ante  feftum  S.  Petri  ad  vincula  anno  regni  re- JVl  “  gis  Eduardi  tertii  poll  conqueftum  primo  coram  concilio  dom.  regis  in  palatio “  venerabilis  patris  TV.  archiep.  Ebor.  Anglie  primatis,  ubi  domina  Ifabella  regina  Anglie  ho- tc  fpitata  fuit  in  prefentia  ejufdem  archiep.  ac  venerabilium  patrum  J.  ElienJ.  cancellai.  et “  H.  Lincoln,  thefaur.  ipfius  regis  et  J.  Wynton,  epifeoporum,  Galfrid.  Lefcrope  ac  aliorum ^  de  concilio  dom.  regis,  Nicholaus  de  Langlon  major  civitatis  Ebor.  et  Nicholaus  de  Sexdecim “  vallibus  clericus  ejufdem  civitatis  perfonaliter  conftituti  petierunt  a  prehuo  archiep.  quod “  ipfe  fuis  fumptibus  cufiodire  faciet  locum  fuum  vocatum  t^ctUS  HBalltum  contra  Scolorum “  ao-o-refiiis  prout  ipfi  muros  ejufdem  civicatis  faciunt  cuftodiri,  afierentes  quod  ipfeet  prede- cc  ceffores  fui  locum  ilium  temporibus  retroadis  tempore  guerre  cuftodire  et  munire  confue- »*  verunt,  et  idem  archiep.  afieruit  quod  major  et  communitas  Ebor.  tenent  eandem  civita- u  tem  de  domino  rege  ad  firmam  perpetuam  fine  periculo  cuftodiend.  tarn  tempoie  guerre “  quam  pacis,  nullo  loco  infra  eandem  civitatem  excepto,  videlicet  nec  ^Ballio  predido  nec “  alio  quocunque,  et  quod  USalUum  predid.  eft  parcella  civitatis  predide  et  infra  foflataejuf- <«  dem  civitatis,  quoulque  locum  cuftodire  non  tenet  nec  predeceffores  fui  eundem  locum “  cuftodire  conlueverunt,  fed  quod  alia  vice  propter  maximum  periculum  quod  eidem  civi- “  tati  tunc  imminebat  dari  fecit  locum  ilium  et  quofdam  homines  pro  munitione  ejufdem “  durante  periculo  predido  pofuit,  et  fuper  hoc  fada  fuit  indentura  inter  prefatum  archie- “  pifeopum  et  majorem  et  ballivoset  communitatem  civitatis  predide,  quod  idem  archiepifco- tc  pUS  fic  fecit  imminente  dido  periculo  de  fua  liberalitate  et  gratia,  non  cederet  fibi  aut  fuc- “  cefforibus  fuis  prejudicium  nec  traheretur  in  confequentiam  in  futuro.  Et  predidi  major et  clericus  non  dedixerunt  indenturam  predidam,  fed  dixerunt  quod  predidus  locus  non  eft «c  parcella  civitatis  predide,  nec  infra  foflata  ejufdem  civitatis,  fed  quod  fofiata  circa  locum it  ilium  funt  propria  foflata  ipfius  archiepifeopi,  nec  major  et  communitas  civitatis  illius  fe  de tt  ioco  illo  habeant  inaliquo  intromittere,  et  quod  idem  archiepifcopus  et  fucceiTores  iui  lo- tc  cum  ilium  fuo  periculo  cuftodire  debent  et  ilium  cuftodire  conlueverunt  totis  temporibus tt  retroadis.  Et  poftmodum  idem  archiep.  pro  eo  quod  premifta  difeuti  et  terminari  tunc tt  non  potuerunt,  dixit  quod  contemplatione  dide  domine  regine  ac  filii  et  filiarum  fuarum (i)  Clauf.  1  Ed.  III.  p.  2.  m.  17.  dorfo.  1327.  tt  .  r xliv 5 xlv APPENDIX. “  inf'ra  eandem  civitatem  turn  commorantium  ponere  voluit  de  hominibus  fuis  ad  cuftodien- “  dum  locum  predid.  ifta  vice,  ita  tamen  quod  fi  periculum  per  ipforum  Scotorum  agcrrefius “  loco  illi  quod  abfit  immineat,  idem  major  et  cives  civitatis  illius  ordinent  pro  defenfione “  loci  illius  cum  hominibus  didi  archiepifcopi  ficuci  de  aliis  locis  civitatis  predid.  prout melius  viderint  expedite,  ita  etiam  quod  illud  quod  fit  fadum  de  gratia  fua  ex “  caufa  predict,  fibi  feu  fuccefioribus  fuis  non  cedat  in  prejudicium  temporibus  futuris.  Et “  predifti  major  et  clericus  conceflerunt  quod  ipfi  ordinabunt  decuftodia  loci  predict.'  cum “  hominibus  predid.  archiep.  fi  magnum  periculum  ibidem  immineat  precipue  pro  fecuritate “  dilfb  civitatis  melius  fore  viderint  faciend.  et  quod  illud  quod  fit  fadum  non  cedat  eidem archiepifcopo  aut  ecclefie  fue  feu  fuccefioribus  fuis  in  prejudicium  in  fiituro.  Salva  tamen piefatis  majori  et  civibus  calumpnia  fua  fi  quam  habeant  in  hac  parte  cum  voluerint  inde tc  loqui. P.  274.  Seft.  3.  “  The  monaftery  of  the  Fryars-preacbers .** Ebor.  fralres  predic.  ibidem  de  capella  beate  Marie  ibidem  concejf.  cum  quadam  placea  terrae vocat.  iungcstoftcs.f*; HEnricus  Dei  gratia  rex  Anglie  &c.  Ballivis  Ebor.  falut.  Sciatis  nos  dediffe  et  carta “  noftra  confirmafie  fratribus  ordinis  Predicatorum  commorantibus  in  civitate  noft. <c  Fbor.  capellam  noft.  S.  Marie  Magdalene  in  Ebor.  que  fita  eft  in  placea  que  vocat. t  ftwgcstoftes  et  partem  quandam  ejufdem  placee  adedificandum  et  habitandum  ibidem  fic- ^  uc  plenius  continetur  in  carta  noft.  eis  inde  fada,  et  ideo  vobis  mandamus  quod  eifdem fratribus  de  predid.  capella  et  de  predid.  parte  predid.  placee  fecundum  metas  contentas in  predict,  carta  noft.  fine  dilatione  plenam  faifinam  habere  faciatis. “  Tefte  me  apud  TV Jim.  viii.  die  Martii  an.  reg.  xii. REX  majori  et  ballivis  Ebor.  falut.  Sciatis  quod  intuitu  Dei  dedimus  et  concefiimus 11  fratribus  ordinis  Predicatorum  de  placea  noft.  qua  vocat.  l&ingcstoftcs  partem  il- I.im  quam  incluferunt  quodam  fofiato  verfus  occidentalem  ufque  ad  dunam  fofiati  civitatis “  Ebor.  verfus  borealem  partem  quandam  ubi  plana  terra  fe  extendit.  Ita  quod  nihil  habeant “  de  loflato  civitatis  predid.  et  fic  verfum  partem  orientalem  ufque  ad  curtilagium  Roberti filn  Baldewini,  et  ideo  vobis  mandamus  quod,  de  predict,  placea  per  metas  predict,  clau- “  denda  plenam  faifinam  eis  libere  faciatis,  ita  quod  habeant  liberum  exitum  ufque  ad  a- <e  quam  de  Ufe  per  fofiatum  civitatis  predide. “  Tefte  rege  apud  Pontemf radium  xxx.  die  Decern.  1228. Ebor.  confirmatio  cartar.  et  donat. fratribus  predic alor.  ibidem  concejf. c  D  EX  omnibus  ad  quos  litt.  &c.  falutem.  Infpeximus  literas  patentes  dom.  R.  nuper Xv  cc  reg  is  Anglie  faft.  in  hec  verba.  Richardus  Dei  gratia  rex  Anglie  et  Francie  et  dom. “  Hibernie  omnibus  ad  quos  prefentes  litt.  pervenir.  falutem.  Infpeximus  cartam  dom.  H. “  quondam  regis  Anglie  progenitoris  noft.  in  hec  verba.  Henricus  Dei  gratia  rex  Ang.  dom. “  Iliber.  dux  Norman,  et  Aquitain.  comes  Andeg.  archiepifcopis  epifeop.  abbat.  priorib.  comi- “  tib.  baronib.  jufticiar.  vicecomit.  prepofitis  minift.  et  omnibus  ballivis  et  fidelibus  fuis,  fa- “  lutem.  Sciatis  nos  intuitu  Dei  et  pro  falute  anime  noftre  et  animar.  anteceflor.  noft.  dedifie “  concefiifie  et  hac  carta  noftra  confirmafle  fratribus  ordinis  predicatorum  in  civitate  Ebor. “  commorantibus  capellam  noft.  S.  Marie  Magdalene  in  Eboraco  que  fita  eft  in  placea  noft. “  que  vocat.  tungestoftes,  et  partem  quandam  ejufdem  placee  adedificand.  ibidem,  cujuslon- “  gitudoeft  a  fofiato  quod  tVillielmus  Moulfoures  ievavit  ex  occidentali  parte  ejufdem  capelle “  Pei^  dunam  foftati  predift.  civitatis  ufque  ad  cortillagium  Roberti  filii  Baldwini  in  oriente, “  latitudo  autem  ejuldem  partis  quam  eis  dedimus  eft  ex  occidentali  parte  predift.  capelle  et “  predift.  duna  fofiati  predict,  civitat.  per  memoratum  fofiatum  quod  predict.  Willielmus  le- <c  vavit  ufque  ad  magnam  ftratam  que  eft  contigua  ipfius  capelle  ex  parte  auftrali,  et  ita  di- “  rc<^e  verfus  orientem  ad  predid.  curtilagium  predid.  Roberti  filii  Baldewini.  Tenend.  et tc  habend.  de  nobis  et  hered.  noft.  eifdem  fratrib.  et  fuccefioribus  fuis  bene  et  in  pace  libere “  fiuiete  jntegre  in  liberam  puram  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam.  Quare  volumus  et  firmiter “  precipimus  quod  predid.  fratres  et  eorum  fuccefiores  habeant  et  teneant  predid.  capellam “  et  partem  predid.  placee  predid.  cum  omnibus  libertatibus  et  liberis  confuetudin.  ad  eas “  pertinent,  per  metas  predid.  ficut  predid.  eft.  Hiis  teftibus  J.  Bathon.  et  TV  Carliol.  epif- copis  H.  de  Burgo  comite  Kantie  jufticiario  Anglie,  TVillielmo  Marefcillo  comite  Pembrochie P bilip po  de ^Albemarlo,  Radulpho  filio  Nicbolai  Godofrido  de  Craucombe ,  Ricbardo  de  Molys 1  Galfrido  diipenfario  et  aliis.  Data  per  manum  venerabilis  patris  R.  Cicejlrenfis  epif.  cancel- larii  noft.  apud  TVejtm.  odavo  die  Ma?‘tii  anno  regni  noft.  duodecimo.  Infpeximus  etiam ‘  litt.  patent,  ejufdem  dom.//.  in  haec verba,  Henricus  Dei  gratia  rex  Anglie  dom.  Hibern. ‘  et  dux  Aquitan.  omnibus  ad  quos  prefent.  litt.  perven.  falutem.  Quia  accepimus  per  in- *  fiuifitionem  quam  per  majorem  et  ballivos  noft.  Ebor.  fieri  fecimus  quod  non  eft  ad  dam- (k)  Clauf.  12  Hen.  III.  ot.  2  .  in  fcbeJula  et  in  m.  14.  ejufdem num I APPENDIX. ‘  num  "oft-  n«c  nocumentum  civitat.  predid.  fi  concedamus  fratribus  Predicalor.  quod  quan- ‘  dam  portionem  terre  noft.  iitui  domus  fue  contiguam  latitudine  decern  et  odo  pedum  que  in ‘  longitudine  ab  alia  via  fe  extendit  ufque  ad  murum  did.  civit.  includere  poffint  et  earn  tc- ‘  nere  inclufam  ad  ampliationem  fitus  fui  predid.  in  perpetuum.  Durn  tamen  pro  quodam ‘  Puteo  infra  didam  portionem  terre  exiftent.  quendam  alium  puteum  fieri  facia  nt  in  alio ‘  l°co  competenti,  nos  intuitu  caritatis  concedimus  pro  nob.  et  hered.  nod.  fratrib.  ante- ‘  didis  portionem  terre  predict  ad  ampliationem  didi  fitus  fibi  includant  et  inclufam  teneant ‘  ln  perpetuum  dum  tamen  pro  puteo  infra  portionem  illain  exiftente  quendam  puteutn  fieri ‘  faciant  alibi  in  loco  competenti  ficut  predjd.  eft.  In  cujus,  &c.  Tefte  me  ipfo  apud Ebor.v icefimo  tertiodie  Sept,  anno  reg.  noft.  quinquagcfimo  fecundo.  Infpeximus  infu- per  htt.  patent,  dom.  E.  quondam  regis  Anglic  progcnitoris  noft.  in  liac  verba,  Edwardus “  Dc>  gra-  rex  ring-  dom.  Hybern.  et  dux  Apcit.  omnibus  &c.  falutem.  Licet  de  confilio regni  noft.  ftatuimus  quod  non  liceat  viris  religiofis  feu  aliis  ingrcdi  feodum  alicujus  ita fiuod  ad  rnanum  mortuam  deveniat  fine  licentia  noft.  et  capitalis  dornini  de  quo  res  ilia  im- '*  mediate  tenetur  ;  volentes  tamen  Hamoni  Grufcty  gratiam  facere  fpecialem  dedimus  ei  li- eentiam  quantum  in  nob.  eft,  quod  ipfa  tria  tofta  cum  pertin.  in  civit.  noft.  Eton,  que  de  no- ‘  bis  tenentur  per  fervitium  duorum  denariorum  per  an.  per  bufegable  dare  poffit  et  affignare c  diled.  nob.  in  Chrifto  priori  et  fratrib.  ordin.  Predicat.  ejufdem  civitatis  habcnd.  et  tenend, '*  eifdem  priori  et  fratrib.  et  fucceffor.  fuis  in  perpetuum  ad  elargationem  placee  fue  ibidem  et eifdem  prion  et  fratribus  quod  ipli  predid.  tofta  cum  pertinent,  a  prefato  Hamone  fic  recipere poffint  tenoreprefent.  Similiter licentiam  dedimus  fpecialem,  falvo  nobiset  hered.  noft.  pre- did.  fervitio  duorum  denar,  annuorum  percipiend.  prout  illud  Temper  priuspercipere  confue- vimus  et  falvo  jure  cujuftibet.  Nolentes  quod  predid.  Hama  et  lieredes  fui  aut  predid  prior ,l  et  ™es  feu  fuccefl:  ful  ratione  ftatuti  predid.  per  nos  vel  hered.  noft.  inde  occafionentur ''  moleftentur  in  ahquo  feu  graventur.  In  cujus  &c.  Tefte  Edwards  filio  noft  apud 1 ‘  Eangelee  xv in.  die  Feb.  an.  reg.  noft.  vicef.  fexto.  Infpeximus  etiam  quafdam  alias  litt “  P-irant.  ejufdem  dom.  E.  in  hec  verba,  Edwardus  Dei  gratia  rex  Anglic  &c  Quia  acce' pimus  per  inquifitionem  quam  per  vicecomit.  noft.  Ebor.  fieri  fecimus  quod  nSn  eft  ad dampnum  noft.  vel  prejudicium  noft.  aut  aliorum  fi  concedimus  diled.  nobis  in  Chrifto ‘  priori  et  fratrib.  ord.  Predic.  de  Ebor.  quandam  placeam  noft.  vacuam  de  Ebor  aree  fue ‘  verfus  aquam  de  Ufe  contiguam  habend.  et  tenend.  eifdem  priori  et  fratrib  et  fucceff.  fuis ad  elargationem  aree  fue  predid.  in  perpetuum.  Nos  eifdem  priori  et  fratribus  volentes ln  hac  Parte  gratiam  facere  fpecialem  dedimus  et  conceffimus  eis  pro  nobis  et  hered  noft -  placeam  predid.  habend.  et  tenend.  eifdem  priori  et  fratribus  et  fucceff.  fuis  in  perpetuum ad  elargationem  aree  fue  predid.  ficut  predid.  eft.  Salvo  jure  cujufiibet  In  cuius  &c T'lle  me  >Pfo  aPud  Stamford  primo  die  Mail  an.  reg.  noft.  vicef.  odavo  Infpeximus ™uPer  *jct-  Patent-  dom-  E •  nuPer  regis  Mlie  progenitoris  noft.  in  hec  verba,  Edwardus ‘  Dei  gratia  rex  Anglic  Aom.  Hiberme  et  dux  Aquitan.  omnibus  ad  quos  &c  falutem  Scia ‘  “  qu°d  pro  falut.  amme  noftre  et  animarum  antecefforum  et  hered.  noft.  conceffimus  pro 1  nobis  et  hered.  noft.  quantum  in  nob.  eft  quod  diledi  nobis  in  Chrifto  fratres  ord  Predicat ‘  ,n  Clvlt-  noIt-  Eb°r •  commorantes  duas  perticatas  terre  et  dimidiam  fitui  fuo  continues  per ‘  perticatam  noftram  viginti  pedum  in  latitudine,  et  quindecim  perticatas  terre  per  eandem ‘  perticatam  in  longitudine  de  ilia  vacua  places  noft.  que  vocat.  Kingeftoftes  infra  civit.  pre¬ did.  includere  et  eas  fic  inclufas  falvo  jure  cujufiibet  in  perpetuum  habere  et  tenere  ac ‘  quendam  fontem  infra  locum  ilium  exiftent.  obftruere  poffint,  ita  quod  alium  fontem’loco ejufdem  fontis  ubi  commodius  in  placea  predid.  extra  predid.  terram  includend  fieri  po- tennt  lumpubus  fuis  proprns  adeo  bonum  et  utilem  ficut  eft  fons  qui  nunc  eft 'in  placea ,  iwj  Pa°  co™mam  utilitate  homin-  ™it.  predide.  In  cujus  &  c.  Tefte  me  ipfo apud  IVeftm.  XV.  die  Novem.  an  reg.  noft.  odavo.  Nos  autem  donationcm  conceffiones  et “hbrmftat  dTy>r  i  ™tas 'labcntes  et  gratas  eas  pro  nob.  ct  hered.  noft.  quantum  in nobis  eft,  diled.  nob.  in  Chrifto  nunc  prion  et  fratrib.  loci  predidi  et  fucceff  fuis  ratifies mus  et  approbates  et  tenore  prefentium  concedimus  et  confirmamus,  ficut  carta  et  litere predid  rat, onab, liter  teftantur,  conceffimus  s  infuperet  licentiam  dedimus  pro  nobis  et  he- red.  noft.  quantum  in  nob  eft  eifdem  prion  et  fratrib.  quod  ipfi  placeas  predid.  quarum claufura  nuper  abfque  deb, to  proceffu  confrada  extitit  et  proftrata  per  metas  et  bundas I  “7»  “  llK"S  P^edlf :  contentas  exprefllas  reincludere  et  eas  fic  remclufas  tenere  poffint fibi  et  fucceffonbus  luis  in  perpetuum,  prout  ipfi  et  predeceffores  fui  eas  a  temporedona tionis  conceffionum  et  confirmationum  placearum  illar.  rationabiliter  tenuerunt  In  cujus re,  teft.  has  lit.  noft.  fieri  fa ,.  paten.  Tefte  me  ipfo  apud  IVeJlm.  vicef  quarto  die ;  N™em-  an-  ,rc&  noft-  qulnt0-  autem  lit.  predidas  ac  omnia  et  fingula  conte  “a  in «  eirdem  raCa  habentes  et  grata  eapro  nobis  et  hered.  noft.  quantum  in  nobis  eft  acceptamus ,  fncrPff0-bhamUS  acdleft-  nob-  ln(.Chnfto  priori  et  fratribus  loci  predid.  et  eorum fuccefforffius  ratificamus  et  confirmamus,  prout  litere  predid.  rationabiliter  teftant. In  cujus  See.  Tefte  rege  apud  Ebor.  Xxi.  die  Junii  (l). xlyi Per  ipfum  regem  el  de  data  predid! .  autoritate. (1)  Tat.$  Ed. IV.  p.  i.  m.  9.  1464. 81 p.  J74. \Ivii APPENDIX. P.  274.  Sett.  3.  Brian  Godfon ,  pryor,  or  guardian,  of  the  Fryars-Preacbers,  otherways called  Ics  tofts,  within  the  city  of  Turk,  gave  up  his  monaftery  to  the  king.  The  inftru- ment  bears  date  in  their  chapter-houfe  Nov.  27.  anno  reg.  Hen.  VIII.  30.  Clauf.30.  HenN III. pars  5.  mem.  61. P.  282.  Sett.  9.  Monaftery  of  Fryars-niinors. Ebor.  Fratres  minor,  ibidem  de  quodam  fojfato  de  dominico  regis  contiguo  aree  ditt.  fratrum  ex parte  orient,  inter  eandem  aream  et  §3ontcm  liballti  concejf.  per  regem  ad  aream  fuam elargand.  (c) “  EX  omnibus,  &c.  Quia  accepimus  per  inquifitionem  faftam  per  majorem  et  balli- XV  “  vos  noft.  Ebor.  fciri  fecimus  quod  non  eft  ad  damnum  noftrum  nec  non  civitat.  noft. “  Ebor.  concedere  dilectis  nobis  in  Chrifto  Fratribus  Minoribus  ejufdem  civitat.  quoddam  fof- “  fatum  quod  eft  in  dominico  noftro,  contiguum  aree  diftorum  fratrum,  ex  parte  orientali, “  inter  eandem  aream  et  pontcnt  3BaUtt  $  nos,  pro  lalute  anime  noft.  et  hered.  noft.  dedi- “  mus  conceftimus  eifdem  fratribus  foflatum  predibtum  ad  ampliationem  aree  fue  predi<5te, “  ita  quod  foflatum  illud  muro  terreo  includant,  etexaltent  in  altitudine  ufque  ad  duodecim tc  pedes,  ad  predicationes  fa6las  in  eodem  loco  tenendas,  prout  ingredientibus  ad  predica- “  tiones  illas  audiendas,  et  egredientibus  locum  ilium  magis  viderint  expedire,  et  foflatum “  illud  flc  inclufum  tenere  poflint  in  perpetuum.  Ita  etiam  quod,  fi  per  turbulationem  et “  guerram  vel  alio  modo  necefle  fuerit,  foflatum  illud  evacuari  ad  defenfionem  caftri  Ebor. “  nos  et  heredes  noft.  foflatum  illud  evacuari  faciamus,  prout  melius  ad  opus  noft.  novimus te  fore  faciend. “  In  cujus,  &c. Pro  Fratribus  Minor.  Ebor.  de  quadam  venella  includenda  (d). “  13  EX  omnibus  ad  quos,  &c.  falutem.  Quia  accepimus  per  inquifitionem  quam  per -tv  tc  vicecomitem  noft.  Ebor.  et  dile&os  fideles  noft.  Johannem  de  Lithegregnes  et  Nicbo- “  laum  de  Seleby  majorem  civit.  noft.  Ebor.  fieri  fecimus,  quod  non  eft  ad  dampnum  feu  preju- “  dicium  noft.  feu  alior.  fi  concedamus  dilettis  nob.  in  Chrifto  fratribus  de  ord.  Minor,  ejuf- “  dem  civitat.  quod  ipfi  quandam  venellam  que  contigua  eft  muro  fuo  ibidem  et  que  fe  ex- “  tendit  in  longitudine  et  latitudine  a  via  regia  ufque  ad  venellam  que  fe  ducit  verfus  molendi- “  na  juxta  caftrum  no R..Ebor.  includere  et  earn  fic  inclufam  tenere  poflint  fibi  et  fuccefioribus  fuis “  in  perpetuum.  Ita  tamen  quod  quandam  aliam  venellam  ejufdem  longitudinis  et  latitudinis “  eidem  venelle  contiguam  in  folo  fuo  proprio  faciant.  Nos  eifdem  fratribus  gratiam  facere “  volentes  in  hac  parte  conceflimus  eis  pro  nob.  et  hered.  noft.  quantum  in  nobis  eft,  quod “  ipfi  predict,  venellam  includere  et  earn  inclufam  tenere  poflint  fibi  et  fuccefioribus  fuis  in “  perpetuum.  Ita  tamen  quod  quandam  aliam  venellam  ejufdem  longitudinis  et  latitudinis “  eidem  venelle  contiguam  in  folo  fuo  proprio  faciant  ficut  predict,  eft. “  In  cujus,  &c. “  Teft.  rege  apud.  Wejlm.  xxvii.  die  Jan.  1290. Ebor.  de  ordine  Fratrum  Minor,  ibidem  de  fit  u  at.  domus  fue ,  &c.  (e) “  T)  EX  omnibus  ad  quos,  &c.  falutem.  Sciatis  quod  ad  requifitionem  lfabelle  regine XV  “  Anglie  confortis  noft.  cariftime  conceflimus  et  licentiam  dedimus  pro  nob.  et  here- “  dibus  noft.  quantum  in  nob.  eft  priori  et  fratribus  de  ordine  Minor.  Ebor.  quod  ipfi  omnes “  domus  et  placeas  a  media  porta  ipforum  fratrum  juxta  caput  cancelli  ecclef.  fue  ibidem  ex “  tranfverfo  ufque  in  venellam  que  vocatur  Hertorgate  et  fic  defcendendo  ufque  ad  aquam  de <c  Oufe  verfus  occidentem  aree  fue  ibidem  contiguas  adquirere  poflint  et  tenere  fibi  et  fuccefio- “  ribus  fuis  ad  elargationem  aree  fue  predifte  in  perpetuum,  ftatuto  de  terriset  tenementis  ad “  man.um  mort.  non  ponend.  edito  non  obftante.  Cum  tamen  per  inquifitiones  inde  in  for- «  ma  debita  faciendas  et  in  cancellaria.noftra  et  heredum  noft.  retornandas  compertum  eft  fic “  quod  id  fieri  poterint  abfque  dampno  vel  prejudicio  noft.  vel  hered.  noft.  et  alterius  cujuf- cunque. “  Tefte  rege  apud  Ebor.  fecundo  die  Aug. Per  breve  de  privato  figillo. Privilegia  Fratrum  Minorum  civitatis  Ebor.  (f) “  Tp Dtvardus  Dei  gratia  rex  Angliae  et  Franciae  et  dominus  Hiberniae  vie.  Ebor.  ac  majo-t ^  “  ri  et  ballivis  civitatis  ejufdem  £}ui  nunc  funt  vel  qui  pro  tempore  fuerint,  necnon “  omnibus  aliis  ballivis  et  fidelibus  noftris  ad  quos  prefentes  literae  pervenerint,  falutem.  Ex “  querelofa  infinuatione  diledlorum  nobis  in  Chrifto  Gardiani  et  Iratrum  de  ordine  Minorum “  civitatis  praedi&ae  concepimus  qualiter  quibufdam  felonibus  noftris  et  aliis  ad  hofpitium (e)  Fat.  3  Hen.  III.  m.  4.  1269. (J)  Pat.  1  8  Ed.  I.  m.  42. (e)  Vat.  8  Ed-  II.  f.l.m.  2 j. (f)  Ex  regijlro  antu}.  Ebor.  folio  142. “  et xlviii APPENDIX, i4  et  ecclefiam  ip  forum  fratrum  metu  mortis  fibi  inferendae  pro  immunitate  ecclefiaftica  ob- 44  tinenda  faepius  ante  haec  tempora  fugientibus  vos  vel  fakem  quidam  veftrum  caeterique 44  quamplures  veftra  authoritate  vel  mandato  feu  fakem  velamine  vekro  vel  inftindu  infidi- 44  as  et  tarn  diurnas  quam  nodurnas  vigilias  infra  fratrum  fepta  perperam  feciftis  et  quan- 44  doque  nepharie  dida  fepta  intrantes  et  in  hujus  facientes  aufu  facrilego  irruentes  et  manus 44  et  plagas  imponentes  ipfos  extra  di<fta  fepta  expuliftis  et  extraxiftis  ipfos  fratres  etliberta- 44  tem  ecclefiafticam  temere  contemnendo  domos  luas  et  muros  enormiter  frangend.  et  gar- 44  dina  fua  calcand.  et  alia  quamplurima  illicita  et  inhonefta  impetuofo  animo  attemptando 44  per  quae  dida  libertas  violatur,  divinorum  celebrationes  perturbantur,  pax  et  quies  popu  - 44  laris  laeduntur,  ac  didi  gardianus  et  fratres  ibidem  Deo  fervituri  non  modicum  turbantur, *4  adeoque  perterriti  redduntur  quod  faepius  claufam  fuam  egredi  non  funi?aufi  j  nos  dida “  gravamina  et  nepharia  corditer  abhorrentes  honorem  et  reverentiam  landae  matris  eccle- 44  fiae  quos  deledabiliter  ampledimur  et  libertates  ecclefiafticas  in  fuis  juribus  teneri  volu- 44  mus  pro  viribus  et  fovere  adquietem  didorum  gardiani  et  fratrum  fufcepiraus  ipfos  et  eo- “  rum  hofpitium  ecclefiam  et  omnia  infra  fepta  habitationis  fuae  ipfaque  fepta  in  pro- “  tedionem  et  defenfionem  noftram  fpecialem,  etideo  vobis  omnibus  ct  fingulis  fub  gravi  fo- tc  risfadura  noftra  inhibemus  firmiter  injungentes  ne  dida  fepta  manu  violenta  feu  teme- “  raria  ingredi  de  cetero  praefumatis  clam  vel  palam,  nec  muros  aut  gardina  fua  feu  domos “  fuas  frangere  vel  calcare  vel  alia  quaecunque,  quominus  ipfi  gardianus  et  fratres  circa  di- “  vina  celebrand.  et  alia  quae  ad  ipfos  ratione  ordinis  et  regulae  fuorum  pertinent  faciend. “  in  quiete  vacare  valeant  attemptare  feu  fugientes  ad  didum  hofpitium  pro  tuitione  inde “  confequenda  poftquam  fepta  habitationis  ingreffi  fuerint  infequi  vel  in  ipfos  manum  vio- “  lentam  et  facrilegam  vincere  aut  imponere  aut  . vigilias  fuper  eos  de  die  vel  de  node  feu “  infidias  apertas  vel  occultas  infra  dida  fepta  facere  de  cetero  aut  fieri  procurare  aut  ipfis 4t  gardiano  aut  fratribus  aut  familiaribus  feu  fervientibus  fuis  quibufcunque  in  perfonis  vel 44  rebus  fuis  dampnum  injuriam  moleftiam  impetirionem  violentiam  aliquod  feu  gravamen “  inferre  feu  ab  aliis  inferri  colore  aliquo  procurare  aut  ipfos  ratione  miniftrationum  vidu- “  alium  hujus  fugientibus  caritative  faciend.  impetire  aut  caufare  praefumatis  fub  poena “  antedida,  et  fi  quid  contrarium,  quod  abfit,  adum  vel  geftum  fuerit  id  fine  dilatione  de- “  bite  reformari  et  plene  corrigi  faeiatis. 44  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  has  literas  noftras  fieri  fecimus  patentes. 44  Tefte  me  ipfo  apud  Wejlmonajleriiim  vicefimo  odavo  die  Julii  anno  regni  noftri  An- 44  gliae  tricefimo  tertio,  regni  vero  nokri  Franciae  vicefimo. Ebor.  ne  intejlina  et  alie  Forties  per  latnos,  &c.  ibidem  projiciantur  prope  domum  Fratrum  Mi¬ nor.  ibidem  in  quo  dom.  rex  folebat  bofpitari. “  1?  EX  (f)  omnibus  ad  quos  &c.  falutem.  Monftratum  eft  nobisex  parte diledor.  nob. -tV  “  in  Cbrijlo  gard.  et  conventus  domus  ordinis  Fratrum  Minor,  de  civitat.  noft. 44  Ebor.  qualiter  ipfi  per  carnifices  et  alios  de  civitat.  noft.  predid.  font  et  diu  extiterunt 44  pergravati  ex  caufa  quod  iidem  carnifices  et  alii  fimos  et  alias  feditates  ac  exitus  et  in- 44  teftina  beftiarum  ibidem  occifar.  prope  ecclefiam  et  manfionem  gard.  et  convent,  pre- 44  didor.  ponunt,  quod  tarn  pre  fetore  et  horribilitate  didar.  feditatum  quam  pre  mufcis  ct 44  alia  vermina  de  eifdem  feditatibus  provenient.  predid.  gard.  et  convent,  in  domo 44  fua  predid.  abfque  maxima  poena  et  inquietudine  morari  feu  divinum  obfequium  de  die 44  vel  de  node  ut  deberent  ad  exorand,  pro  animabus  progenitorum  noft.  aut  alior.  bene- 44  fado rum  fuorum  et  omnium  Chriftianorum  ibidem  facere  feu  fecundum  quod  eorum  or- 44  do  et  religio  exigunt  ibidem  miniftrare  non  pofiunr,  unde  nob.  fupplicarunt  de  remedio 44  opportuno  fibi  providendo,  nos  ad  premiffa,  et  quomodo  dida  domus  per  progenitores 44  noft.  eft  fundata  et  quod  nos  in  cafo  quo  ad  civitatem  noft.  predid.  veniremus  in  domo 44  ante  dida  efiemus  hofpitati,  prout  dom.  Ed.  nuper  rex  AngVie anno  tempore  foo  extitir, 44  condignam  habentem  confiderationem,  concefiimus  pro  nobis  et  hered.  noft.  quantum  in “nobis  eft  prefatis  gard.  et  conventui  et  eorum  foccelforibus  quod  exuant  in  foturum  ali- 44  qua  fimi  feditates  exitus  vel  inteftina  beftiarum  aut  alia  fordida  quecunque  per  carnifices 44  vel  aliquas  alias  perfonas  non  ponantur  laventur  feu  projiciantur  in  aqua  de  Oufe  vel  in 44  venellis  aut  aliis  locis  infra  civitatem  predidam  vel  extra  prope  domum  fupradid.  in  no- 44  cumentum  didor.  gard.  et  conventus  vel  aliquorum  aliorum  habitantium  five  conflu- 44  entium  apud  didam- domum  feu  omnimode  fimi  feditates  exitus  et  inteftina  beftiarum  et 44  alia  fordida  quecunque  provenientia  tarn  de  carnificio  quam  de  aliis  locis  infra  didam  ci- 44  vitatem  et  fuburbia  ejufdem  ponantur  laventur  et  projiciantur  in  aliis  placeis  vel  alia 44  placea  per  ordinationem  majoris  et  ballivorum  ejufdem  in  tantum  diftantibus  vel  diftante 44  de  predid.  domo  quod  prefati  gard.  et  convent,  et  fucceffores  fui  in  perpetuum  ;  et 44  omnes  alii  ad  confluentes  eandem  domum  inhabitare  valeant  et  morari  continue  in  ipfi 44  domo  abfque  fetore  aut  alio  gravamine  inquietudine  vel  nocumento  fimorum  feditatum ( f )  4  Ric.  11.  p.  i.m.  39. exituutn xlix APPENDIX. «  exitaum  inteftinorum  et  fordidorum  predict.  Inhibentes  diftri&ius  et  precipientes  majori ' ‘•et  ballivis  et  probis  hominibus  difte  civitaris  noil,  quod  ipfi  quicquam  non  faciant  vel “  fieri  permittant  per  aliquem  habitantium  vel  confluentium  in  predict,  civitatem  contra “  conceiTionem  noil,  fuper  dift.  Tub  pena  incarcerationis  corporum  delinquentium  in  hac “  parte  vel  alia  pena  graviori  delinquentibus  hujufmodi  imponend.  ad  voluntatem  noil,  et '  ’•  hered.  noil,  predict. “  In  cujus,  &c. “  Tefte  rege  apud  Weft,  xxiii  die  Junii. Per  breve  de  private  figillo. De  fcripto  prioris  Fratrum  Minor,  civitale  Ebor. '  c  ^vMnibus  (g)  Chriili  fidelibus  ad  quos  prefens  fcriptum  pervenerit  Willielmus  Vava- Vj  '■'■  four  facre  theologie  'profeflbr  prior  five  gardianus  Pratrum  Mtnorum  infra  muros civitatis  Ebor.  et  ejufdem  loci  conventus  falutem  in  Domino  fempiternam  et  fidem  indu- “  biam  prefentibus  adhibere.  Noveritis  nos  prefatos  priorem  five  gardianum  et  conven- “  turn  unanimi  aflenfu  et  confenfu  noftris,  animis  deliberatis,  certa  fcientia  et  mero  motu 4£  noftris  ex  quibufdam  caufis  juftis  et  rationabilibus  animas  et  confcientias  noftras  fpeciali- “  ter  monentibus,  ultro  et  fponte,  dedifle  et  conceftiiTe  ac  per  prefentes  dare  et  concedere “  reddere  deliberare  et  confirmare  illuftriflimo  in  Chrifto  principi  et  domino  noft.  Henrico “  odlavo  Dei  gratia  Anglie  et  Francie  regi  fidei  defenfori  domino  Hibernie,  et  in  terris  fupre- mo  ecclefie  Anglicane  fub  Chrifto  capiti,  totum  didlum  prioratum  five  domum  conventua- “  lem  noft.  predidlam  ac  totum  fcitum  fundum  circuitum  et  precindtum  ejufdem  domus  no- “  ftre,  nec  non  omnia  et  fingula  maneria  dom.  mefluagia  gardina  curtilagia  tofta  terras  et “  tenementa  noftra,  prata  pafcua  pafturas  bofcos  redditus  reverfiones  molendina  pafTagia “  communias  libertates  aquas  pifcarias  penfiones  portiones  annuitates  oblationes  ac  omnia «e  et  fingula  emolumenta  proficua  pofleffiones  hereditamenta  et  jura  noftra  fpiritualia  et “  temporalia  quaecunque,  tarn  infra  regnum  Anglie  et  marchiarum  ejufdem  quam  alibi  ubi- “  cunque  prefate  domui  noftre  quoquo  modo  pertinentes  fpe&antes  appendentes  five  in- “  cumbentes  et  omnimodas  cartas  evidentias  fcripta  munimenta  noft.  di<fte  domui  noftre “  maneriis  terris  et  tenementis  ejufdem  ac  ceteris  premiflis  cum  pertinentiis  five  alicujus  in- “  de  parcelle  quoquo  modo  pertinentibus  et  fpe&antibus,  habend.  et  tenend.  et  gaudend. “  difte  domui  five  prioratui  noft.  fcitum  fundum  circuitum  et  precindtum  ejufdem,  nec “  non  omnia  et  fingula  predifta  maneria  dominia  mefluagia  gardina  terras  et  tenementa “  ac  cetera  premifla  cum  omnibus  et  fingulis  fuis  pertinentiis  prefato  invidtiflimo  principi “  et  domino  noftro  regi  heredibus  et  aflignatis  fuis  in  perpetuum,  cui  in  hac  parte  ad  om¬ it  nem  juris  effeftum  qui  exinde  fequi  poterit  aut  poteft  nos  et  domum  noftram  predidt.  ac ««  omnia  jura  nobis  qualitercunque  acquifita,  ut  decet,  fubjecimus  et  fubmittimus  ;  dantes  et “  concedentes  eidem  regie  majeftati  omnem  et  omnimodam  plenam  et  liberam  facultatem “  autoritatem  et  poteftatem  nos  et  domum  noftram  predifbam,  una  cum  omnibus  et  fingulis “  maneriis  terris  tenementis  redditibus  reverfionibus  ac  ceteris  premiflis  cum  fuis  juribus “  et  pertinentiis  univerfis  difponend.  ac  pro  fue  libere  voluntatis  regie  libito  ad  quofcun- “  que  ufus  majeftati  fue  placentes  alienand.  donand.  convertend.  et  transferend.  hujufmodi “  difpofitiones  alienationes  donationes  converfiones  et  tranflationes  per  didlam  majeftatem “  fuam  quovifmodo  fiend,  ex  nunc  ratificantes  ratafque  et  gratas  ac  perpetuo  firmas  habi- turos  promittimus  per  prefentes.  Et  ut  premifla  omnia  et  fingula  fuum  debitum  fortiri “  valeant  effedtum,  ele<ft:onibus  nobis  et  fuccefloribus  noftris,  nec  non  omnibus  querelis  pro- “  vocationibus  appellationibus  accufationibus  litibus  et  inftanciis  aliifque  quibufcunque  juris “  et  fa<fti  remediis  ac  beneficiis  nobis  forfan  ac  fuccefloribus  noftris  in  ea  parte  pretextudif- 41  pofitionis  alienationis  tranflationis  et  converfionis  pred.  et  ceterorum  premiflorum  quali- “  tercunque  competentium  •,  et  competicur  omnibus  doli  metus  erroris  ignorancie  vel  alterius tc  materie  five  difpofitionibus  exceptionibus  objectionibus  et  allegationibus  prorfus  femotis “  et  depolitis  palam  publice  etexprefle  ex  certa  fcientia  noftra  animifque  deliberatis  et  fpon- “  taneis  renunciavimus  et  ceflimus,  prout  per  piefentes  renunciamus  et  cedimus  acabeifdem “  recedimus  in  hiis  lcriptis.  Et  nos  predict,  prior  five  gardianus  et  conventus  et  fucceflores “  noftri  difbam  domum  five  prioratum  noftrum  precinClum  fcitum  manfionem  et  ecclefiam “  noft.  predi<ftam  ac  premifla  omnia  et  fingula  cum  fuis  juribus  et  pertinentiis  univerfis  pre- “  fato  domino  noft.  regi  heredibus  et  aflignatis  fuis  contra  omnes  gentes  warrantizabimus “  et  defendemus  per  prefentes. “  In  quorum  teftimonium  atque  fidem  nos  prefati  prior  five  gardianus  et  conventus  figil- “  lum  noft.  commune  prefentibus  apponi  fecimus. “  Dat.  in  domo  noftra  capitulari  vicefimo  feptimo  die  menfis  Novembris  anno  regni  regis “  Hetirici  oflavi  tricefimo. P.  284.  Sd 7.  1.  Monaftery  of  St.  Augujline  Pork. (g)  Clattf.  30  Hen.  VIII.  pars  <j. Ebor. 1 APPENDIX. Ebor.  prior.  S.  Augudini  ibidem  de  reddit.  dexxs.  prove  nient.  de  tenement .  in  Rotfey,  (Ac. “  D  EX  (r)  omnibus  ad  quos  &c.  falutem.  Sciatis  quod  de  gratia  nod.  fpeciali  concef- “  fimus  et  Jicentiam  dedimus  pro  nobis  et  hercd.  nod.  quantum  in  nob.  ed,  Thome “  de  Yhwenge  clerico,  quod  ipfe  et  heredes  fui  viginti  folidatas  ann.  reddit.  provenientes  de “  teri7s  et  tenement,  fuis  cum  pertinent,  in  RotJ'e  in  com.  Ebor.  dare  poflint  et  aflignare  di- “  Eftis  nobis  in  Chrido  priori  et  conventui  ordinis  S.  Auguftini  de  Ebor.  Tenend.  et  ha- bend  fibi  et  fuccefforibus  fuis  in  perpetuum  in  auxilium  inveniendi  panem  et  vinum  pro “  divinis  ibidem  celebrandis,  &c. “  In  cujus  rei,  &c. Tede  rege  apud  Calefium  xii  die  Augufti. Ebor.  fratres  S.  Augudini  ibidem  pro  manfo  elargard. T>  EX  ( s )  omnibus,  &c.  falut.  Licet,  &c.  tamen  de  gratia  nod.  fpeciali  et  pro <4  1Xk  “  quatuor  marcis  quas  diledt.  nob.  in  Chrido  prior  ordinis  S.  Auguftini  in  Ebor.  no¬ bis  folvit  conceflimus  et  licentiam  dedimus  pro  nobis  et  heredibus  nodris,  quantum  in “  nobis  ed,  diledt.  nob.  Willielmo  de  Hakthorp  clerico  Willielmo  de  Hedon  clerico,  quod  ipfi “  unum  mefiuagium  cum  pertinentiis  in  Ebor.  manfo  predict!  prioris  et  fratrum  ordinis  pre- “  difti  in  eadern  civitate  contiguum,  quod  quidem  mefluag.  de  nobis  tenetur  in  buro-agi- um  per  fervitium  reddendi  nobis  et  hered.  nodris  per  annum  ad  hufgabulum  per° ma- “  nus  ballivorum  ejufdem  civitatis  duos  denarios  ad  fedum  S.  Jacobi  apod,  pro  omni “  fervitio,  dare  poflit  et  aflignare  prefatis  priori  et  fratribus  habend.  et  tenend.  fibi  et “  luccefloribus  fuis  in  elargationem  manfi  fui  predidli  in  perpetuum.  Eteifdem  priori  et “  fratribus,  quod  ipfi  mefluag.  predict,  cum  pertinent,  a  prefatis  milielmo  et  Willielmo  reci- ct  pere  poffit  et  tenere  fibi  et  fuccefloribus  fuis  in  perpetuum,  ficut  predi<5t.  ed  tenorepre- “  fentium  :  fimilitcr  licentiam  dedimus  fpecialem  datuto  predict. non  obdante,  nolentes  quod “  predied.  Willielmus  et  TVillielmus  vel  heredes  fui  aut  prefati  prior  et  fratres  feu  fuccefio- “  res  fui  ratione  premiflorum  aut  datuti  predidl.  feu  pro  eo  quod  preditf:.  mefiuagium  de “  nobis  tenetur  ut  predicitur  per  nos  vel  heredes  nod.  judiciario,  efeh.  vie.  aut  alios  bal- “livos  feu  minidros  nod.  quofeunque  occafionentur  moledentur  in  aliquo  feu  °raventur. “  Salvis  tamen  nobiset  heredibus  nod.  fervitiis  inde  debitis  et  confuetis. 41  In  cujus,  &c. “  Tede  R.  apud  JVeftm.  xxii  die  Oftob. Et  dicle  quatuor  marce  Joint,  funt  In  banappio. The  fite  of  the  priory  of  S.  Auguftine  in  York  was  granted  to  Thomas  Lawfon  and  Chri- ftian  his  wife,  fifth  and  fixth  of  Philip  and  Mary.  Rolls  chap. P.289.  Clifford’s  tower. Clifford’ j  Tower  in  the  city  of  York,  from  a  MS.  of  fir  Tho.  Widdrington’n Which  mas  built  by  William  the  conquer  our. <c  nr  pi  £  round  tower  near  the  cadle  is  called  Clifford's  tower,  probably  it  hath  de- -1.  “  rived  the  name,  becaufe  the  lord  Clifford  was  cadeleyn,  wardein  and  keeper  of “  it,  as  Walter  Strickland  of  Boynton  a  good  antiquary  was  of  opinion. “  The  lord  Clifford  hath  alfo  antiently  claimed  to  carry  the  fword  of  the  city  before “  kmg  in  this  city,  at  fuch  time  as  the  king  came  there,  and  I  find  fome  memo- “•  rials  of  this  in  the  books  of  the  city  ;  the  fird  was  upon  the  coming  of  the  late  king “  James  in  the  year  1603,  out  of  Scotland ,  which  is  mentioned  in  the  city  book  in  this “  manner,  the  2 6th  of  April ,  1603.  one  Mr.  Lifter  came  from  the  right  noble  lord  George “  earl  of  Cumberland  lord  Clifford ,  knight  of  the  mod  honourable  order  of  the  garter, “  to  acquaint  the  lord-mayor  and  aldermen  how  that  the  laid  earl,  according  to  his^right, “  expedted  to  bear  the  iword  before  the  king  in  this  city,  in  fuch  fort  as  his  ar.cedors  have tc  been  accudomed  to  do;  to  whom  this  anfwer  was  made,  that  for  as  much  as  it  doth  not “  appear  by  any  of  the  antient  prefidents  of  the  city ,  that  either  the  earl  or  any  of  his  anceftors “  have  before  this  time  born  the  faid  fword  before  any  of  the  king’s  progenitors/ nor  hath  the  [aid “  earl  Jhewed  any  writing  in  that  behalf  but  claims  this  by  prefeription ;  therefore  they  or- “  dered  that  Mr.  Recorder  and  Mr.  Robert  Aftwith  alderman  Ihould  wait  upon  the “  earl,  and  anfwer  him,  that  the  lord-mayor  will  deliver  the  fword  to  the  king  bimjelf,  and “  leave  it  to  his  pleafure  who  Jhall  bear  the  fame ,  whether  the  lord  mayor,  earl ,  or  any “  other.  .  And  the  fame  2 6th  day  of  Aprils  before  the  king  came  to  the  city,  fir  Tho- “  mas  Chaloner  came  to  the  lord-mayor ,  recorder  and  aldermen  to  know  from  them (r)  Pat.  27  Ed.  111.  p.  2.  0)  Pat.  29  Ed.  III.  m.  9. 8  K 2 “  who A  P  PE  N  D  I  X. tl  who  had  formerly  born  the  fword  before  the  king  within  the  city,  becaufe  he  heard “  that  the  earl  of  Cumberland  did  claime  to  carry  the  fame  within"  the  city,  as  his  in- 44  heritar.ee,  and  that  the  lord  Burleigh  pretended  to  carry  the  fame  as  lord  prefident  of “  the  cc uncel  eftabliflied  in  the  north  parts.  And  fir  Thomas  Challoner  affirmed  that  the 44  king’s  fpccial  care  was,  that  fuch  ptrlbns  as  had  right  fhould  carry  the  lame.  Hereunto 44  the  lord-mayor  with  the  advice  ot  Mr.  Recorder  and  of  the  aldermen  made  this  anfwer, 44  that  the  carle  of  Cumberland  had  oftentimes  affirmed  in  the  time  of  queen  Elizabeth,  that  he 44  ought  and  had  right  to  carry  the  fword  before  the  queen ,  if  Jhe  came  to  the  city  of  York,  and 44  that  his  ancejlors  had  born  the  fame  before  other  her  progenitors  kings  of  England  within  this 44  city,  and  that  it  was  his  inheritance -,  and  Jinc e  the  death  of  the  late  queen  he  hath  claimed  the 44  fame ,  and  the  common  and  general  report  of  the  antient  citizens  is,  and  of  long  time  hath “  been  that  it  belonged  to  the  (aid  earle,  and  by  report  of  ancient  men  the  lajt  time  that  king 44  Henry  VIII.  was  at  this  city ,  the  then  lord  Clifford  father  of  this  earle ,  the  then  earle  of 44  Cumberland  father  to  the f aid  lord  Clifford,  being  employed  in  the  fpecial  affaires  of  the  fail 44  king  in  the  north  parts ,  offered  to  carry  the  fword  before  the fetid  king  Henry  VIII.  within  the  city 44  which  was  then  oppofed  by  feme  honourable  perfens  then  in  favour  with  the  king  -,  and  the  lord  Clif- 44  ford  then  made  the  carlo  his  father's  right  and  title  thereto  fo  clear  and  apparent,  that  the  op- 44  pofers  could  ret  gairfay  the  fame-,  but  to  prevent  the  lord  Clifford'*  defer e  for  the  prefent , 44  did  all  edge,  that  howbeit  the  earl  of  Cumberland  had  fuch  right,  yet  his  fen  the  lord  Clif- 4  4  ford  could  have  no  title  thereunto  in  the  life  of  his  father-,  and  they  alfe  objected  that  the  lord 44  Clifford  rode  on  a  gelding  furnifhed  on  the  northern  fafhion,  which  was  not  comely  for  that  place. 4-  To  the  firff  the  lord  Clifford  anlwered,  that //.><?  earl  his  fatherbeing  employed  in  the  king's  affairs 44  he  trufeed  that  his  at fence  fhould  not  be  made  ufc  of  to  the  prejudice  of  his  inheritance,  and  for 44  the  fui  ply  of  the  defefls  of  his  horfe  ar.d  furniture,  fer  Francis  Knolls  a  penfeoner  alighted  from 44  his  horfe ,  and  gave  him  to  the  lord  Clifford,  and  king  Henry  VIII.  perceiving  the  earl's  right 44  difpenfed  zvith  his  abfence,  and  delivered  the  fword  to  the  lord  Clifford  his  fen,  who  carried 44  it  before  the  king  within  the  city. 44  In  the  year  1617,  the  late  king  James  in  his  progrefs  towards  Scotland  came  to  this  ci- 44  ty  •,  but  before  the  king’s  entry  into  the  city,  the  king  being  then  in  the  Ainfey  the  coun- 44  ty  of  the  city,  the  earl  of  Pembroke  then  lord  chamberlain  afked  for  fir  Francis  Clifford 44  lord  Clifford  then  earl  of  Cumberland  for  to  carry  the  king’s  fword  before  the  king,  which 44  the  laid  earl  refufed,  anfwering  that  his  ancejlors  had  always  ufed  to  carry  the  city's  fword 44  before  the  king  and  his  noble  progenitors  within  the  city.  The’  lord  Sheffield  then  lord  prefi- 44  dent  of  the  north  hearing  this,  laid,  if  he  will  not  carry  it  give  me  it  to  carry  -,  the  lord 44  chamberlaine  replied,  fhall  the  ki?ig  ride  in  Jlate  and  have  no  fword  carried  'before  him  ? 44  thereupon  the  lord  chamberlaine  and  the  earl  of  Cumberland  went  to  the  king  to  know 44  his  pleafure,  which  he  fignified  to  be,  that  the  earl  of  Cumberland  fhould  carry  his  fword 44  till  he  came  within  the  gates  of  the  city,  and  then  fhould  take  the  city’s  lword,  which 44  the  carl  did  accordingly;  and  when  the  king  came  within  the  bar  of  the  city  Robert 44  Afekwilb  lord-mayor  delivered  the  keys,  fword  and  mace  to  the  king,  and  the  king  de- 44  livered  the  fword  of  the  city  to  the  earl  of  Cumberland,  which  he  carried  before  the  king 44  in  the  city. 44  The  30/^  of  March  1639,  when  the  late  king  Charles  came  to  York,  in  his  progrels 44  towards  Berwick ,  I  find  an  entry  made  in  the  book  of  the  city  to  this  effe£t,  annent 44  this  matter,  the  fword  of  the  city  was  born  before  the  king  by  Yhotnas  earl  of  Arundel 44  and  Surrey,  earl  marfhal  of  England,  for  that  the  lord  Clifford ,  who  was  chief  captain 44  of  this  city,  was  then  abfent  and  in  the  king’s  fervice  at  the  city  of  Carlfee,  who  of 44  right  fhould  otherwife  have  born  the  fame  as  at  other  times  his  father  and  others  of  his 44  anceftors  had  done  ;  and  the  lord-mayor  bore  the  city’s  mace,  and  afterwards  during  the 44  king’s  abode  in  the  city  (which  was  for  the  fpace  of  one  month)  the  fword  of  the  city 44  was  born  before  the  king  by  divers  of  the  lords  in  their  courfes,  feverally  and  not  always “  by  one  and  the  fame  perfon,  till  the  lord  Clifford  came  to  the  city,  and  then  he  bore 44  the  fword  before  the  king  as  of  right  due  to  his  father  the  earl  of  Cumberland,  who  was 44  then  infirm  and  not  able  to  attend  the  fervice. P.  309.  Seff.  3.  Monaftery  of  the  fryars  Carmelites. Carta  confirm,  priorat.  de  monte  Carmeli  in  Ebor. “  EX  (^archiep.  &c.  lalutem.  Infpeximus  cartam  quam  IVillielmus  de  Vefecy  fecit  priori 44  et  fratribus  ordinis  beate  Marie  de  monte  Carmeli  de  Ebor.  in  hec  verba.  Sciant 44  prefentes  et  futuri  quod  ego  IVillielmus  de  Vefcy  dedi  conceffi  et  hac  prefenti  carta  mea 44  confirmavi  pro  falute  anime  mee  et  animar.  anteceffor.  meorum  in  augmentum  cultus  di- 44  vini  priori  et  fratribus  ordinis  beate  Marie  de  monte  Carmeli  de  Ebor.  totu-n  illud  mef- 44  fuagium  ac  tenementum  cum  pertinentiis  quod  habui  in  vico  vocat.  le  Slainbogh  in  civi- 44  tat,  dom.  regis  predicta,  viz.  quicquid  ibidem  adquifivi  in  fundo  vel  edificiis  mefiuagio ( k )  Cart.  28  Ed.  I.  n.  20 44  feu APPENDIX. “  feu  tenemento,  prout  fe  extendit  in  longitudine  et  ktitildine  a  predifto  vico  verfus  aquam “  de  Fojje  ad  partem  auftralem,  et  a  vico  qui  vocatur  le  Mcrjk  verfus  viam  rcgiam  que  vo- “  catur  Foffgale  ad  partem  occidental em,  cuin  omnibus  redditibus  et  aliis  Jibertatibus  qui  et “  que  ad  me  ratior.e  predidti  meffuagii  feu  tenemcnti  folebant  aliqualiter  pertinere.  Tenend. “  et  habend.  cifdem  priori  et  fratribus  et  fuccefforibus  fuis  in  perpetuum,  falvis  tamen “  capital  ibus  domin.  feodi  fervitiis  inde  debitis  et  confuetis.  Et  ego  Willichms  et  he  redes “■  mei  vel  adignati  mei  omnia  predidta  cum  pertinentiis  eifdem  priori  et  fratribus  er  fuc- “  ceff.  fuis  contra  omnes  mortals  vvarrantizabimus  acqiildfcabimus  et  in  perpetuum  d a “  demus. “  In  cujus  rei  tedimonium  prefenti  carte  figillum  meum  appofui. “  Hiis  tedibus,  domino  WilMliho  de  Barneby ,  dom.  Thomcl  de Benfutn,  capelJanis  Johanne “  dcWyrefdale ,  Richardo  Moryn ,  Galfrido  de  Gtppcfmcr  clerico  et  aliis. “  Nos  aiitem  donationem  et  conceffionem  predidt.  ratas  habentes  et  gratas,  pro  nobiset “  hered.  nod.  quantum  in  nobis  ed  predict,  priori  et  fratribus  et  fucced!  fuis  concedimus et  confirmamus,  ficut  carta  predict,  rationabiliter  tedat. “  Hiis  tedibus,  venerab.  patre.  IV.  Covent,  et  Lychfield.  epifeopo  thefaur.  nod.  Rogero 11  de  Bigod  comite  Norfolk,  et  marefcallo  Anglie,  Johanne  de  Britannia  juniore,  Ottone  de “  Grandefono ,  Johan,  de  Metingham ,  IValtero  de  BAlocampo  fenefchallo  hofpitii  nod. “  Retro  de  Tatindon ,  Johan,  de  Merks ,  Thotna  de  Bikenore  et  aliis. “  Dat.  per  manum  nodram  apud  Ebor.  tertio  decimo  die  Junii. Per  ipfum  regem. Fratres  de  monte  Carmeli  in  Ebor.  quod  ipfi  in  proprio  folo  fuo  infra  manfum  fuum  fuper  ri- pam  vivarii  regis  de  Foffe  quondam  JutUam  conjlruere  pojfmt. “  X?  EX  ( l )  omnibus  ad  quos,  &c.  falut.  Sciatis  quod  ad  devotionem  et  affedtionem “  quas  erga  diledtos  nobis  in  Chrido  priorem  et  fratres  ordinis  beate  Marie  de ec  monte  Carmeli  apud  Ebor.  commorantes,  geremus  et  habemus,  concedimus  eis  et  licen- “  tiam  dedimus  pro  nobis  et  hered.  nod.  quod  ipfi  in  proprio  folo  fuo  infra  manfum  fuum “  in  civitat.  predict,  fuper  ripam  vivarii  nod.  de  Foffe  quandam  cendruere  et  earn “  condrudtam  tenere  podint  fibi  et  fuccedoribus  fuis  in  perpetuum,  et  infuper  quod  ipfi  et “  fuccedbres  fui  predidtam  in  perpetuum  habeant,  cum  batello  in  vivario  predidto  ad  pe- “  tram  bufea.  et  aliis  needfariis  fuis  tarn  fubtus  pontem  de  Foffe  quam  alibi  in  vivario “  predidlo  ufque  manfum  fuum  predidt.  ducendis. “  In  cujus  &c. “  Tede  rege  apud  Ebor.  tertio  die  Obi. Per  ipfum  regem. Fratres  de  monte  Carmeli  Ebor.  de  meff.  et  placea  in  vico  de  Merdce  que  rex  habuit  ex  dono Galfrid.  de  Sandto  Quintino  concejf.  per  regem  pro  manfo  elargand. “  "D  EX  (m)  omnibus  &c.  falutem.  Sciatis  quod  ob  devotionem  et  affedtionem  quos  er^a “  diledtos  nobis  in  Chrido  fratres  ordinis  beate  Marie  de  monte  Carmeli  ^erim'uset “  habemus,  dedimus  et  concedimus  et  hac  carta  nodra  condrmavimus  priori  et  fratribus  or- “  dinis  predidti  apud  Ebor.  commorantibus  illud  meduagium  et  placeas  cum  pertinentiis  in “  Ebor.  in  vico  de  S0et(kS  manfo  predidt.  prioris  et  fratrum  contigua,  que  r.uper  habuimus “  de  dono  et  concefiione  diledti  et  ddelis  nodri  Galfridi  de  SavSo  Quintino,  habend.  et  te- “  nend.  eifdem  priori  et  fratribus  et  fuccedoribus  fuis  de  nobis  et  heredibus  nod.  in  Jiberam “  quietam  et  perpetuam  eleemofinam  ad  elargationem  manfi  fui  predidt.  in  perpetuum. “  In  cujus  rei  ted.  &c. “  Tede  rege  apud  Ebor.  fecundo  die  Oblobr is. r°nceffi0  re^s  Ed.  II.  fratribus  de  monte  Carmeli  Ebor.  terrae  cum  omnibus  edidciis ^  et  pertinent,  fuis  in  civitate  predidt.  quam  habuit  ex  dono  Thome  filii  IVilliehm  le “  -Aguiller  de  Ebor.  et  Cicilie  ux.  ejus,  ficut  fe  extendit  in  longitudine  et  latitudine  per  bun- “  das  in  cart,  predidt.  Thom,  et  Cicilie  contentas  &c.  ( n )  r *c  Tede  rege  apud  Lincoln,  primo  die  Sept. (l)  Pat.  S  F.d.  II.  p.  i.  m.  17, (m)  Tat.  8  Ed.  II.  p.  1.  m.  19. (n)  Pat.  9  Ed.  p.  1.  m  23.  1316. Ill 2 Fratres APPENDIX. tiii Fratres  de  monte  Carmeli  de  terns  et  edificiis  in  Fo ligate  concejjis ,  &c. “  T)  EX  (o)  omnibus  &c.  falut.  Sciatis  quod  ob  devotionem  quam  ad  gloriofam  virginem Jtv  “  Mariam ,  nec  non  ob  afteCtionem  quam  ad  fratres  ordinis  beate  Marie  de  monte cc  Carmen  gerimus  et  habemus  volentes  dileCtis  nobis  in  Chrifto  priori  et  fratribus  ejufdem “  o^inis  apud  Ebor.  commorantibus  •,  per  gratiam  noil,  fpecialem  dedimus  et  concefllmus “  eifdem  priori  et  fratribus  totam  illam  terram  cum  edificiis  et  pertinentiis  fuis  in  jfOffC' “  gate  in  civitate  noftra  Ebor.  quam  Thomas  filius  Willielmi  le  Aguiller  de  Ebor.  et  Cicilia “  uxor,  ejus  per  feriptum  fuum,  nec  non  totam  terram  illam  cum  pertinentiis  in  eadem  ci- “  vitate  quam  Abel  de  Rikhale  de  Ebor.  per  feriptum  fuum  nobis  et  heredibus  noil,  dede- “  nnt  et  concefferint  ficut  terre  ille  fe  extendunt  in  longitudine  et  latitudine  per  bundas “  in  dictis  feriptis  contentas.  Habend.  et  tenend.  eifdem  priori  et  fratribus  et  fuccefforibus “fuis  de  nobis  et  hered.  noil,  in  puram  eleemofinam  ad  elargationem  manfi  corundem “  fratrum  ibidem  in  perpetuum,  falvo  jure  cujuflibet. “  Tefte  rege  apud  Ebor.  xxiiii  Sept. Per  ipfum  regem. Ebor.  prior,  de  monte  Carmeli  ibidem  pro  quadam  pecia  terras  ibidem  conceff.  pro  manfo  ipfor. elargand. “  EX  (p)  omnibus  ad  quos&c.  falutem.  Licet  &c.  de  gratia  noftra  fpeciali  pro  du- -■-V  «  abus  marcis  nobis  folut.  in  hannapio  noftro  conceffimus  et  licentiam  dedimus  pro “  nobis  et  hered.  noftris  quantum  in  nob.  eft  Jobanni  Berden  ttjobanni  Braythwayt,  quod “  ipfi  concedere  poftint  quod  centum  pedes  terre  in  longitudine  et  centum  pedes"  terre  in u  latitudine  ecclefie  prioris  et  fratrum  ordinis  beate  Marie  de  monte  Carmeli  Ebor.  cx  parte “  occidental  contigue  •,  que  quidem  terra  de  nobis  in  burgagio  tenetur  et  quam  Matilda  que “  fuit  uxor  Henrici  de  Rybjlane  tenet  ad  vitam  fuam  et  que  poll  mortem  prediCte  Matilde “  ad  prefatos  Johannem  et  Johan,  reverti  debet  poll  mortem  eorund.  Johannis  et  Jo- “  hannis  remaneat  prefatis  priori  et  fratribus  tenend.  fibi  et  fuccefloribus  fuis  in  elarcratio- “  nem  manfi  fui  in  perpetuum,  et  eifdem  priori  et  fratrib.  quod  ipfi  predial,  terram  cum “  pertinentiis  poll  mortem  prefate  Matilde  ingredi  polfint  et  tenere  fibi  et  fuccelforibus  fuis “  predict,  in  lorma  predict.  in  perpetuum  ficut  predict,  eft  tenore  prefen tium  :  fimiliter  li- “  centiam  dedimus  fpecialem  ftatuto  predidl.  feu  eo  quod  predict,  terra  de  nobis  in  burga- “  gio  tenetur  non  obftante  nolentes  quod  predidi  Johannes  et  Johan,  vel  heredes  fui  aut “  prefati  prior  et  fratres  feu  fuccefiores  fui  ratione  premiflor.  per  nos  vel  heredes  noft. “  iufticiar.  efehaet.  vicecomit.  aut  alios  ballivos  feu  miniftros  noft.  vel  heredum.noft.  quof- “  cunque  inde  occafionent.  moleftent.  in  aliquo  feu  graventur.  Salvis  tamen  nob.  et  he- “  red.  noft.  fervitiis  inde  debitis  et  confuetis. “  In  cujus  &c. “  Tefte  rege  apud  Ebor.  xx  die  Novembris. “  J  DEM  rex  (q)  Ric.  II.  licentiam  dat  Henrico  de  Percy,  domino  d tSpafford  et  Johan,  de A  “  Acorn,  nuper  parfone  eccl.  de  Catton ,  quod  ipfi  concedere  poftint  fexagint.  pedes “  ^rre  ,n  longitudine  et  fexagint.  pedes  in  latitud.  eccl.  prioris  et  fratrum  ordinis  beate  Ma- “  rie  de  monte  Carmeli  Ebor.  ex  parte  occidental,  con  tig.  in  eifdem  verbis  ut  fupra. “  Tefte  rege  apud  Oxon.  Sept,  xxvii. P ■  316.  Sett.  1.  On  the  charity  fchools  at  York. 1  he  following  is  a  catalogue  of  the  original  and  prefent  benefactors  to  the  fchools, printed  yearly,  and  given  away  every  Good-Friday ;  on  which  day  a  charity  fermon  is  an¬ nually  preached,  in  Bellfrafs  church,  for  the  benefit  of  the  fchools.  The  collections,  on this  occafion,  have  fome  years  amounted  to  near  one  hundred  pounds  ;  but  of  late  this  cha¬ rity  is  grown  much  colder  ;  and  by  feveral  of  its  chiefeft  fupporters  being  dead,  and  others withdrawing  their  fubferiptions,  the  whole  is  likely  to  fink  loon,  as  the  laft  paragraph  of their  paper  intimates,  unlefs  a  fuperior  providence  fupports  this,  pioufly  defio-ned,  un¬ dertaking.  0 The  Benefactors  to  the  Chartty-Schools  at  YORK,  for  the year  1 736. To  the  boys  per  Annum.  /.  s.  d. THE  reverend  Dr.  Oflal- 1 dejlon ,  dean  of  York  j  °5  00  00 The  honourable  and  reverend  1  r  , Mr.  Finch  oo  60 Dr.  Audley  chancellor  ■■■■  —  02  00  00 (0)  Tat  10  Ed.  II.  />.  1.  m.  14. (?)  Tar.  16  Ric.  II.  f.  2.  m.  21. ( q)  Eadem  m.  2S. Dr.  Wa- APPENDIX. 1.  s.  d. Dr.  Waterland ,  chancellor  of  the!  __ church  of  York  (02000c Mr.  Lamplugh ,  refidentiary 02 00 OO Mr.  Bradley ,  refidentiary 02 00 OO Mr.  Buck  of  Marfton  - • 01 00 OO Mr.  Harrifon  - 01 01 OO Mr.  Knight  ■ - 01 00 OO Mr.  Fuller  - - - 01 00 OO Mr.  Warneford  - 01 00 OO Mr.  Allat  - 00 10 OO Mr.  Fojler  - - 00 10 OO Mr.  Bourn  - — 00 10 OO Mr.  John  Fojler - 00 10 OO Mr.  Nicholas  Mofeley 00 10 OO Mr.  Richard  Molefey 00 10 OO Mr.  Dodfworth  - - 00 10 oto Mr.  Sheppeard  - 00 TO 00 Mr.  Blake  - - 00 IO 00 Mr.  Dryden  - 00 IO 00 Mr.  Reynolds  - 00 IO 00 Mr.  Beckett  - . 00 °5 00 A. Mr.  John  Ambler  - 00 05 00 Mr.  John  Allan  - 00 05 00 Mr.  Samuel  Afcough  « - 00 05 00 Mr.  Jofeph  Addington  - - 00 02 06 B. Mr.  Francis  Bolton  - 00 05 00 Dr.  Barnard  - 02 OO 00 Lady  Baynes  « - 01 OO 00 George  Barnatt ,  efq;  alderman 01 OO 00 James  Barnard ,  efq;  alderman 01 OO 00 Mr.  John  Browne  - 00 IO 00 Mr.  Robert  Bower  - - - 00 °5 00 Mr.  John  Beverley  — — ■ 00 05 00 Mr.  Benjamin  Barjlow  — 00 05 00 Mr.  Beckwith  ■■■  - 00 05 00 Mr.  William  Barjlow  - 00 05 00 Mr.  Brennand  - 00 °5 00 c. The  right  honourable  Samuel to. Clarke 3  efq;  lord-mayor rl Mr.  Richard  Cor  dukes 00 IO 00 Dr.  Clinch  - - 01 01 00 Mr.  Carr  —  — 00 02 06 Mr.  William  Coates  — 00 02 06 Mrs.  Colton  in  Coppcrgate 00 °5 00 Mr.  Richard  Corney  — 00 02 06 Mr.  Jacob  Cujlobodie  - 00 IO 06 Mr.  John  Chippendale  - 00 05 00 Mr.  Francis  Cor  dukes  - 00 02 06 Mr.  Richard  Chambers 00 IO 00 D. William  Dawfon ,  efq; Dr.  Dawes  - - Mr.  Jofeph  Deighton  - - E. Richard  Elcock ,  efq;  - - George  Efcrick ,  efq;  alderman F. Mr.  Fothergill  — Thomas  Fairfax ,  efq;  — 01  01  00 01  01  00 00  02  06 01  01  00 01  00  00 00  10  op 01  01  00 l. s d. _ G. Mrs.  Gowland,  widow OO °5 . OO Mr.  Henry  Grey  ■ OO 10 . OO William  Garforth ,  efq;-- 02 00 OO Thomas  Gee ,  efq;  - 01 01 0.0. Mrs.  Sarah  Grayfon widow OO °d' 0*0 Mr.  Thomas  Gent  - OO °5 00 H. Mr.  William  Holha'm  — — 00 O^ 06 Mr.  William  Hulchinfon 00 IO 00 Mr.  John  Haughlon  — 00 10 06 Mr.  John  Harrifon  ■■ .  . 00 02 06 Mr.  Timothy  Hudfon  — 00 °5 00 Mr.  Thomas  Hammond  — : 00  , IO 00 Mr.  John  Hildyard '  - - - 00 10 06 Dr.  Johnfon - OI OI 00 Mr.  Edward  Jefferfon 00 05. 00 Mr.  Thomas  Jubb  - 02 00 00 Peter  Johnfon,  elq; OI OI 00 Mr.  James  Jenkinjbn  - - . .  no 05 00 Mr.  Francis  Ingram  — 00 05 00 K. Mr.  Kenyon  - 00 05 00 L. Mr.  Lancajlcr  - 00 02 06 Mr.  Edmund  Lee '  00 O^ 00 M. Bacon  Morrit ,  efq;  . - — OI OI 00 Mr.  William  Mudd  — 00 °5 00 Mr.  William  Mufgrave 00 02 06 Mr.  Richard  Mancklin 00 10 00 N. Mr.  Jofeph  Nether  wood 00 OS 00 Mr.  Thomas  Norfolk  — 00 °5 00 p. Mr.  Darcy  P  ref  on  - - OI 01 00 Mr.  Chriflopher P eake 00 05 00 Mr.  Plant  - 00 05 do Mr.  Jaques  Priedly  - 00 °5 op R. Mr.  Benjamin  Rhodes  — 00 02 06 John  Read ,  elq;  alderman OI OI 00 William  Redman ,  efq; 02 OO 00 Mr.  Henry  Richmond  — 00 10 00 S. Richard  Sterne ,  efq;  — 02 02 00 Mr.  William  Stevenfon OO IO 00 Mr.  John  Shaw  — OI OI 00 Mr.  Nicholas  Sugar  - - OO IO 00 Mr.  Jacob  Siiiipfon  of  Leeds 00 IO 00 Mr.  Roger  Sbackletoh  — 00 IO CO Mr.  Edward  Seller  — 00 IO 00 Mr.  William  Shaw  — 00 05 00 Mr.  Richard  Stockton  — OI OI 00 Mr.  Henry  Stain  ton  — 00 °5 00 Mr.  David  Sanders  — 00 IO do Mr.  Low.  Slater  - - 00 °s 00 T. Edward  Thompfon  efq;  — ■ 05 OO 00 Jonas  Thompf on,  elq;  — 00 IO 00 L  8 Mrs. lv A  P  P  E l.  s.  d. Mrs.  Toddt  Widow  — — 00  02  06 Mr.  John  Thomlinfon - - Co  05  00 Ml-.  Leonard  Terry - 00  02  06 V Mr.  Vougler  — — 00  1 0  00 W Mr.  Richard  Wilfon - 00  10  00 Mr.  Edward  Wilfon - 00  05  00 Mr.  Henry  Waite - 00  10  00 M'r.  Jonathan  White - 00  05  00 Mr.  WilTiam  White - 00  05  00 Mr.  John  Walker - 00  05  00 IVilliam  tVhitehead  efq;  alderman 00  10  00 James  Wmlow  efq; - 00  10  00 Dr.  Wintringham - 0 0 0 0 Mr.  John  Wilmer  — . — 00  10  00 Mr.  Samuel  Waud - 00  10  00 Mr.  Wilcock  — ■  _ 00  02  06 Mr.  Richard  Wright  -  — 00  05  00 John  Wood  efq-;  —  . 01  01  00 Mr.  James  Whytehead  • —  ■» 00  10  06 Mrs.  Mary  Wood  - 00  10  06 Mr.  Wakefield  - - 00  05  00 Y Mrs.  YateSy  widow  - 00  02  06 Mr.  Richard  Toward  . — - 00  05  00 Commoners  in  Mickleg ate-Ward. Mr.  Richard  Reynolds  — Mr.  James  Robinfon  — ^ — Mr.  John  Telford  * - Mr.  Jonathan  Perrit  - Mr.  John  Beningion  - Mr.  Matthew  Rayfon  ■■  — Mr.  Barnard  Dickinfon  — sMr.  Robrt  Stainton  —  -  - vMr.  George  Burton  —  — - Mr.  Marmaduke  Mijhurn Mr.  Chriftopher  Rawden Mr.  James  Difney  -  ■  — Mr.  Samuel  Smith  - - :Mr.  John  Ricbardjbn  — Mr.  Charles  Charnock  —  • Mr.  Francis  P  toft  or  — Mr.  Thomas  Mafon  - Mr.  John  Greenup  — — - Wal  mg  ate-Ward, Mr.  Emanuel  Stabler  . - Mr.  Robert  Waite  .  ■  ■- Mr.  John  Hunter  — Mr.  Michael  Benington  — Mr.  John  El  bring  ton  — M  r.  Thomas  Siddall  — Mr.  Arthur  Brooke  — Mr.  Francis  Jejferfon  — M  r .  Thomas  S /.  ooner  — Mr.  George  Skelton  - Mr.  Henry  My  res  »—  ■■  ■ Mr.  Charles  Wightman  •*— /. s. d. 00 15 00 00 05 00 00 07 06 00 °5 00 00 *>5 00 00 00 bo 00 '°5 CO 00 °5 00 00 °5 00 00 °5 00 00 °5 00 00 05 00 00 °5 00 00 °5 00 00 05 00 00 °5 00 00 05 00 00 °5 00 00 10 00 00 60 00 00 °5 00 00 ■05 00 00 °7 06 00 07 06 00 00 00 00 °7 0  6 00 °7 06 00 07 06 00 °7 06 00 67- 06 N  D  1  x. 1.  s.  d. Mr.  Stephen  Beverley  —  oo  07  06 Mr.  William  Tbompfon  —  00  05  00 Mr.  Thomas  Clifton  —  00  07  06 Mr.  John  Lowcock  —  00  07  06 Mr.  Peter  Cafs  ■ —  00  07  06 Mr.  Thomas  Kellington  —  00  07  06 Bootham-Ward. Mr.  Henry  Scott - Mr.  William  Roberts  _ Mr.  Thomas  Agar  _ Mr.  John  Raper _ Mr.  John  Marfden  — Mr.  Thomas  Hardwick  — - Mr.  Henry  Tireman  — Mr.  David  Wood - Mr.  Henry  Bower - Mr .  Thomas  Reed  . - Mr.  James  Boreham  - - Mr.  John  Busfield - Mr.  John  Hilileigb - Mr.  Thomas  Matthews - Mr.  John  Mayer - Mr.  Richard  Lawfon  c - Mr.  Draper  Wood - Mr.  Henry  Grice - 00  05  00 00  05  00 00  07  06 00  07  06 00  07  06 00  07  06 00  07  06 00  05  00 00  07  o G 00  0.7  06 00  05  00 00  07  06 00  07  06 00  07  06 00  07  06 00  10  06 00  07  06 00  07  06 Monk-Ward. Mr.  John  AJkham - Mr.  IVilliam  Thotnpfon - Mr.  William  Dunn  - Mr.  John  Fawkingham  — Mr.  John  Clark - Mr.  Richard  Agar - Mr.  John  Prejlon - Mr.  Thomas  Rodwell - Mr.  Ifaac  Robinfon - Mr.  James  Rowe - Mr.  Jofeph  Sowray - Mr.  George  Atkinfon - Mr.  Matthew  Owram - - Mr.  Robert  Wilton - Mr.  Thomas  Woodhoufe  - - Mr.  Martin  Croft - Mr.  Thomas  Wilfon - Mr.  Winwood  - 00  05  00 00  °5  00 00  05  00 00  05  00 OO  GO  o© 00  05  00 00  05  00 OO  05  OG 00  05  00 00  05  00 OO  05  GO OO  05  OO OO  05  OO OO  05  OO OO  05  OO OO  05 • OO OO  05  OO OO  05 'OO An  Account  of  -all- the  Money-Legacies  and  Gifts to  the  Boys  fonce  the  ft  ft  'fitting  tip,  off  be Charity-School  in  the  ... Tear  1705,  to the  Tear  1735.  inclu five. LOrd-mayor  and  commonal¬ ty  of  York  — Thomas  Hejletine,  efq;  — Sir  William  Robinfon ,  bart. Lord ,  v  i  fcou  n  t -Down  — - ■  Lady  Hewly  — — Mr.  Samuel  Moxon - Mr.  John  Webfter - Mr.  Francis  Hildyard - 'Cbdrles  fierr'oty  tffq;  — •  /.  s.  4. 100  00  GO 10  00  00 100  00  00 •10  :15  00 2.00  OO  JQO 05  00  00 20  -CO  OO 20  00  CO 20  OO  OO Marmaduke Marmaduke  Pricket ,  efq; t)r.  William  Stainforth - Mr.  Thomas  Thompfon  - - William  He  ad  lam,  efq;  — Mr.  Harrifon ,  Mint-yard Michael  Pother  gill,  efq Mrs.  Squires  -4- — Mrs.  Am  Deallry  — Mr.  Thomas  Empfon - Mr.  John  Bolling - John  Headlam ,  efq; - Mr.  John  Deallry - Robert  Fairfax ,  efq;  alderman John  Wood ,  efq; - Mr .  Thomas  Sugden - Richard  Roundel ,  efq; - Dr.  Fall  - A  P  P  E  N  D  I l.  s.  d. 40  00  00 40  OO  OO 40  OO  OO -  40  OO  OO X. Account  of  all  the  Money- Legacies  and Gifts  to  the  Girjls  fince  1705. Ivi 20  OO  OO alderman  10  00  00 100  00  00 10  00  00 20  00  00 20  00  o© 40  00  00 100  00  00 1 10  00  00 20  00  00 50  00  00 100  00  00 jo  00  00 Dr.  Dering ,  dean  of  Ripon 20 00 00 William  Dobfon,  efq ;  alderman 20 op 00 Ladies  of  the  Thurfday  affembly 40 00 .00 The  rev.  Mr.  Terrick - 20 00 90 Mr.  Charles  Mann  - — 10 00 OO Mr.  George  Wright - 59 00 OO Mr.  Edward  Wilkinfon - 8 00 OO Mrs.  Elizabeth  Harland - 5o 00 OO The  hon.  and  rev.  Mr.  Finch,  7 op late  dean  of  York  —  3 109 OO Mrs.  Ann  Lowther - 2-0 00 OO Mr.  John  Fojler - 50 00 OO Mrs.  Elizabeth  Woodyear  — 5° 00 QO Mr.  Zachary  Scott  - 100 0.0 OO Mr.  William  Goffip - °5 00 OO John  Atkins ,  efquire - °5 00 00 Anonymous  — — - 12 0.0 00 Benefactors  to  the  Boys  by Annuities. Lord- mayor  and  commonalty] 10 00 00 of  York  -  3 Mr.  Nathaniel  JVilfon  — 01 00 00 Mr.  Ellis  of  Rawmarfh  — 05 00 00 Mrs.  Ramfden  paid  by  the  city 10 00 00 Chriflopher  Hutton,  efq;  — 04 09 0.0 St.  Anthony's  charity,  being  an' i02 1 0 00 houfe  in  the  lhambles Mrs.  Prince  paid  by  the  city 02 00 00 Richard  Sterne,  efq;  paid  by  the' city  —  -7- |°s 00 00 l.  s.  d. 100  00  OQ jo p  00  op 20  00  00 40'  00  00 100  00  00 20  00  00 10  op  op 40  00  00 4P  00  00 50  00  00 Mary  the  wife  of  Mr.  John  Forjler.  .10  00  00 Anne  widow  of  Will.Headlam,  efq;  jo  00  00 jo  pp  ao ip  90  00 1:Q  p P  OO I OO  op  QO §0  po  00 LAdy  Hewley  — * — Mrs.  Squires - John  Headlam,  efq;  - - - Alderm.  Fairfax's  Lady  — Mrs.  Anne  Garnett - Lady  Perrot  - Mr.  Charles  Mann - Mrs.  Barker  - Mrs.  Sarah  Pawfon - Mi  s.  Roundel  - - Mrs.  Anne  Dealtry Mrs.  Ann  Hodgfon  — — Mrs  .Pother gill  — -  ■ — Mrs.  Margaret  IVeddal  • — Lady  Redman  • —  — • Benefactors  to  the  Girls,  per  annum. Mrs.  Finch  —  —  10  00  00 Mrs.  Gee's  tickets  in  ohe  lottery  07  00  00 Richard  Sterne ,  efq ; - 05  00  00 Mrs.  Pawfon  —  —  01  00  00 Lady  Dawes  -  02  02  00 Mrs.  Ramfden  paid  by  the  city  04  00  00 Mrs.  Prince  paid  by  the  city  02  00  .00 Mrs.  Barker  paid  by  the  city  02  00  00 Mrs.  Thornhill  paid  by  the  city  05  00  00 The  hon.  Mrs.  Graham  —  01  01  00 Lady  Dodfworth  — — »  00  10  06 Mrs.  Lainplugh  - 01  01  00 Mrs.  Weddal  — — - — .  01  01  00 Mrs.  Mann  —  —  —  00  10  06 Mrs.  Horsfield  —  —  00  10  06 Mrs.  Redman  — - .= —  01  01  00 Mrs.  Prefton  —  —  01  01  00 The  Girls  have  one  third  of  the  charity  col¬ lected  on  Good- Friday. Five  Boys  put  out  Apprentices  in  1735. All  the  Boys  put  out  fince  the  firlt  fetting  up of  the  Charity-School,  are  one  hun¬ dred  and  ninety  three. jV.  B.  All  boys  in  this  fchool  hereafter  are  intended  to  be  put  out  to  Fea,  or  hufbandry  ;  or bound  fervants  into  private  families,  if  they  can  he  difpofed  of  that  way. No  boy  to  be  taken  in  under  ten  years  of  age  ;  and  none  to  be  put  out  under  fixteen. N.  B.  The  amount  of  the  fubferiptions  for  the  year  1734.  was  fifty  pounds  lefs  than  of  1733, and  of  thofe  for  the  year  1 735.  twenty  pounds  under  the  preceding  year.  The  declining ftate  of  the  fchool’s  jevenue,  giving  great  concern  to  thofe,  by  wfipfe  afliftance  and  oeco- nomy  this  publick  and  ufeful  charity  is  regulated,  they  think  it  incumbent  on  them  to acquaint  the  world  with  the  prefent  necefiity  of  both  the  fdhools.  They  have  already  re¬ duced  the  number  pf  girls,  and  muft  foon  be  obliged  to  ufe  the  fame  method  with  the boys  too,  unlefs  prevented  by  the  timely  and  generous  afliftance  of  thofe  who  with  well to  an  undertaking,  fo  truly  charitable,  and  fo  beneficial  to  the  publick,  in  training  up many  in  the  principles  of  the  proteftant  religion,  honefty  and  induftry,  who  (very  pro¬ bably)  would  otherwife  be  a  burthen  to  their  country. Dr.  Johnfon,  .Phyfician,  William  Dobfon,  efq;  alderman,  apothecary,  Mr.  Francis  Drake, furgeon,  to  the  Schools,  gratis. P-  33°. Mr.  Thomas  Harrifon ,  jun.  de-i ceafed,  paid  by  Mr.  Jofeph > Harrifon  of  Selby - J A  P  P  E  N  D  I  X. P.  330.  Sett.  penult.  “  The  imperial  crown  (hews  that  it  [the  ftatue]  was  erecled  in  ho- “  nour  of  fome  of  our  kings  fince  Hen.  VI.  ” I  find  this  entry  in  the  city’s  books  relating  to  this  ftatue,  “  on  Jan.  15,  and  the  17th  of “  Henry  VII,  the  image  of  Ebranke ,  which  Hood  an  the  weft  end  of  St,  Saviour-gale,  was “  taken  down,  new  made  and  tranfpofed  from  thence,  and  fet  up  at  the  eaft  end  of  the “  chapel  at  the  common-hall.”  So  that  it  appears  that  this  ftatue,  now  taken  down  again and  laid  in  the  common-hall,  was  a  reprefehtation  of  king  Ebranke  under  the  figure  of  the king  then  reigning,  Henry  the  feventh.  See  page  3(0. P.338.  Sett.  1.  “  The  new  afiembly  rooms.” Indentures ,  leafes,  releafes ,  relating  to  the  purchafe  of  the  ground ,  &c. 3  June  1730.  3  Geo.  II.  “  TNdenture  of  bargain  and  l'ale  quinquepartite  inrolled,  made “  between  Ellen  Bayock  of  the  city  o (York,  late  widow  and “  relift  of  Matthew  Bayock  deceafed,  but  formerly  widow  and  relift,  and  alfo  devifee  of  the ' “  will  and  teftament  of  Chrijlopher  Beers  gent,  deceafed  of  the  firft  parti  Hannah  Wakc- “  field  and  Bridget  Wakefield  fpinfters,  daughters  of  William  Wakefield  and  Dorothy  his  wife “  deceafed,  of  the  fecond  part  •,  Thomas  Grimfion  of  the  city  of  York  efq;  of  the  third  part ; “  Richard  Thomfon  of  CurfitoP  s- Alley,  London ,  gent,  and  Chrijlopher  Goulton  of  Staples- Inn, “  London ,  gent,  of  the  fourth  part;  and  fir  Wiliam  Wentworth  of  Britton  in  the  county  of “  York  aforefaid  baronet,  fir  Waller  Hawkfiworth  of  Hawkfworth  in  the  lame  county  baro- “  net,  Henry  Tbompfon,  Thomas  Fothergill ,  Michael  Barfion ,  George  Nelthrope  and  Bacon “  Morritt  of  the  city  of  York  efquires  of  the  fifth  part.  Hannah  Wakefield  in  confideration “  of  feven  hundred  pounds,  and  Ellen  Bayock ,  Bridget  Wakefield  and  Thomas  Grimfion  of “  five  Shillings,  grant,  bargain  and  fell  to  fir  Wiliam  Wentworth,  (Ac.  all  that  mefiuage  or “  tenement,  with  a  ftable,  kiln  and  garden  thereto  belonging  in  Blake-fircet,  within  the  ci- “  aforefaid,  which  faid  meflliage  is  now  divided  into  feveral  tenements,  and  now  is  or “  late  was  in  the  pofieffion  of  Francis  Drake  gent.  James  Carpenter ,  Thomas  Matthews ,  Ro- “  bertjackfon,  Alexander  Lawfon,  and  Ann  Young,  or  fome  of  them,  their  under-tenants  or “  affigns;  and  all  other  the  mefiuages,  houfes  or  buildings  late  the  eftatc  of  Chrijl.  Beers “  gent,  deceafed,  or  of  William  Wakefield  aforefaid  deceafed,  or  to  which  they  the  faid  Ellen “  Bayock,  Hannah  Wakefield,  Brid.  Wakefield  and  Thomas  Grimfion ,  or  the  laid  Wiliam  Wake- field  or  any  of  them,  are  or  were  any  ways  intitled  or  have  any  eftate  or  intereft,  fituate, “  lying,  and  being  on  the  weft-fide  of  Blake-fireet  aforefaid,  with  all  out- houfes,  yards, “  gardens,  orchards,  ways,  (Ac.  to  hold  to  fir  William  Wentworth,  (Ac.  In  truft  neverthe- “  lefs  for  all  and  every  the  perfons  who  now  are  or  hereafter  fhall  be  fubferibers  to  the  mu- tc  fick  afiembly  or  afiembly  rooms  within  the  city  of  York,  purfuant  to  the  propofols  now “  fettled,  bearing  date  the  firft  day  of  March  laft,  for  railing  the  fum  of  three  thoufond “  pounds  for  building  afiembly  rooms  within  the  city  of  York,  in  fuch  manner  as  in  and  by “  one  indenture  intended  to  bear  date  on  or  about  the  month  of  June  inftant,  fiiall  be  decla- “  red  and  fettled. Inrolled  in  Chancery  15  June,  4  Geo.  II. Fine  levied  ,  _  TT Recovery  fuffercd\  ^wity-Term,  3  and  4  Geo.  II. 29  &  3°  June,  4  Geo.  II.  “  y-  Eafe  and  releafe  between  George  Gibfon  of  the  city  of  York 1 73°-  I  1  “innholder,  of  the  one  part ;  and  fir  William  Wentworth “  of  Britton  in  the  county  of  York  bart.  fir  Walter  Hawkejworth “  o I  Hawkfiworth  in  the  fame  county  baronet,  Henry  Tbompfon,  Thomas  Fothergill,  Michael “  Barfion ,  George  Nelthorp  and  Bacon  Morritt  of  the  city  of  York  efquires,  of  the  other  parr. “  Gibfon  in  confideration  of  ninety  pounds  fells  them  all  that  part  of  a  meftuage  or  tenement “  in  or  near  Lendal-fireet,  thentofore  in  the  occupation  pf  Mary  Lund  widow,  lying  between “  the  entry  or  pafiage  in  the  foid  houfeon  the  weft,  and  on  the  houfe  wherein  Mrs.  Turner “  widow  lately  dwelt  on  the  eaft  ;  and  alfo  all  that  liable  or  out-houfe  behind  the  fome  now “  belonging  to  the  Black-horfe  alehoufe,  the  fame  containing  in  the  front  to  the  ftreet  cigh- “  teen  feet,  and  in  the  back  fixteen  feet  three  inches,  and  fixty  feet  in  length  from  the  front “  in  the  ftreet  aforefaid  to  the  back  extent  thereof. •“  T>^  indenture  of  leafe  and  releafe  dated  the  1 7'h  and  1 8,h  of  November  9  Geo.  II,  17;;: J3  “  the  releafe  being  tripartite,  and  made  between  fir  William  Wentworth  barontr, “  Henry  Tbompfon,  Michael  Barfiow,  George  Nelthorp  and  Bacon  Morritt  efqs;  (truftees  to “  Hand  feized  of  the  pafiage  or  parcel  of  ground  hereafter  mentioned,  to  be  by  them'  con- “  veyed  for  the  benefit  of  the  fubferibers  to  the  afiembly  rooms  in  York,)  of  the  firft  part ; “  George  Gibfon,  inn-holder,  of  the  fecond  part ;  and  Francis  Barlow  efq;  and  Darcy  Pre- tlfi°n  gent,  of  the  third  part.  Reciting,  that  George  Gibfon  had  thentofore  fold  and  con- “  veyed  to,  and  to  the  ufe  of  the  foid  truftees,  together  with  fir  Waller  Hawkefworlh  baro- “  net,  and  Thomas  Fothergill  q! q-,  deceafed,  and  their  heirs,  as  truftees  as  aforefaid,  all  that “  pafiage lviii appendix. “  paflap-e  or  parcel  of  ground  containing  fixty  two  feet  or  thereabouts  in  depth  from  the “  ftreet  called  Finkill-Jlreet  backwards  to  the  afiembly  rooms  towards  the  fouth  or  foutherly, “  and  eighteen  feet  or  thereabouts  in  breadth  towards  the  front  of  the  faid  ftreet  called  Finkill- “  Jlreet  weft  or  weftcrly,  and  ftxteen  feet  ten  inches  in  breadth  at  the  other  end  of  the  laid “  paftage  or  parcel  of  ground  next  the  faid  afiembly  rooms:  And  that  George  Gibfon  fince “  purchafed  to  him  and  his  heirs  two  houfes  or  tenements  which  ftood  on  the  eaft  or  eafter- “  ly  fide  of  the  faid  paflage,  one  of  which  he  hath  caufed  to  be  pulled  down  •,  and  that  the “  directors  appointed  for  the  direction  and  management  of  the  affairs  relating  to  the  faid “  afiembly  rooms,  being  minded,  with  the  confcnt  of  the  faid  fubfcribers,  to  enlarge  the “  ftreet  before  the  laid  afiembly  rooms  for  the  more  commodious  coming  to  and  going  from “  the  fame,  with  coaches,  chairs  and  otherwile,  treated  with  the  faid  George  Gibfon  for  the “  purchafe  of  the  ground  whereon  the  faid  purchafed  houfe  pulled  down  ftood,  and  the  laid “  other  purchafed  houfe  Hands;  and  the  faid  George  Gibfon  agreed  with  the  directors  who «  met  on  the  4th  of  June  laft,  to  fell  the  ground  whereon  the  faid  houfe  fo  by  him  pulled “  down  ftood,  and  the  ground  whereon  the  faid  other  houfe  ftands,  to  the  faid  diredtors  for “  two  hundred  and  thirty  pounds,  he  taking  the  materials  of  the  faid  houfe  Handing  at  fixty “  pound  in  part  of  payment,  and  clearing  the  ground  of  all  the  rubbifh,  fo  as  he  might “  have  and  enjoy  to  him  and  his  heirs  for  ever,  all  fuch  building  as  ftiould  be  by  him  or “  them  built  upon  a  wall  or  pillars  or  both  as  ftiould  be  eredted  at  each  end,  and  on  the  eaft “  or  eafterly  fide  of  the  faid  paflage  or  parcel  of  ground,  at  the  expence  of  the  proprietors “  or  diredtors  of  the  faid  afiembly  rooms,  the  faid  wall  or  pillars  and  front  above  the  fame, “  to  be  in  fuch  manner  as  ftiould  be  approved  on  by  the  right  honourable  the  earl  of  Burling- “  ton  ;  and  that  George  Gibfon  alfo  agreed  to  covenant  not  to  flop  up  any  lights  belonging “  to  the  faid  afiembly  rooms,  to  which  agreement  the  diredtors  then  prefent  confented,  pro- “  vided  the  fame  ftiould  be  approved  of  at  a  general  court  of  the  faid  fubfcribers  to  be  held “  on  the  27th  day  of  the  fame  month  o i  June :  And  that  at  fuch  general  court  on  Friday “  the  faid  27,h  of  June  it  was  refolved,  that  the  faid  agreement  made  with  the  faid  George “  Gibfon  Ihould  be  confirmed.  In  confideration  and  performance  of  the  faid  agreement,  on “  the  part  of  the  faid  truftees,  diredtors  and  fubfcribers,  the  faid  truftees  conveyed  all  the “  faid  paflage  or  parcel  of  ground,  containing  fixty  two  feet  or  thereabouts  in  depth,  and “  eighteen  feet  or  thereabouts  in  front  to  Finkill-Jlreet ,  and  fo  to  be  continued  by  a  ftrait  line «  to  ftxteen  feet  and  ten  inches  at  the  other  end  adjoining  upon  the  north  eaft  end  of  the “  houfe  of  the  faid  George  Gibfon ,  and  upon  the  faid  Finkill-Jlreet  north  weft  and  the  other “  end  on  the  faid  afiembly  rooms,  with  the  appurtenances  to  the  faid  paflage  or  parcel  of “  ground  belonging  unto  the  faid  Francis  Barlow  and  Darcy  Prefton  and  their  heirs,  to  the “  ufes,  intents  and  purpofes  following,  viz.  As  to  fo  much  of  the  faid  paflage  or  parcel  of “  ground  as  meafures  to  the  height  of  the  bottom  of  the  floor  up  one  pair  of  ftairs  in  the  faid “  houfe  of  the  faid  George  Gibfon,  to  the  ufe  of  the  faid  fir  William  Wenworth ,  Hen.  Fbomp- « fon ,  M.  Barjlow ,  G.  Nelthorp  and  B.  Morritt ,  their  heirs  and  afligns  for  ever,  upon  the “  like  trufts  as  they  before  ftood  feized  of  the  faid  paflage  or  parcel  of  ground  ;  and  as  for “  and  concerning  all  the  refidue  of  the  faid  paflage  upwards,  to  the  ufe  of  the  faid  George “  Gibfon  his  heirs  and  afligns  for  ever,  with  liberty  for  the  faid  George  Gibfon ,  his  heirs <c  and  afligns,  at  his  and  their  expence,  to  build  fuch  walls  and  fire  places,  and  to “  lay  fuch  floors,  and  make  fuch  room  or  rooms  and  lights  as  he  and  they  lhall  think  fit “  upon  and  in  the  walls  or  pillars,  or  both,  as  lhall  be  fo  erected  at  each  end,  and  on  the “  eaft  or  eafterly  fide  of  the  laid  paflage  or  parcel  of  ground  ;  the  fame  walls  or  pillars  at “  the  bottom,  and  to  the  laid  height  of  the  bottom  of  the  faid  floor  up  one  pair  of  ftairs  in “  the  faid  George  Gibfon1  s  houfe,  to  be  built  fubftantially,  fufficient,  and  proper  to  bear  fuch “  fire-places  and  walls  above  the  fame,  and  for  ever  after  to  be  kept  in  good  and  fufficient “  repair  at  the  expence  of  the  proprietors  or  diredtors  of  the  faid  afiembly  rooms ;  and  all “  the  faid  walls  or  pillars,  and  alfo  the  walls  and  fire-places  above  the  fame  to  be  built  in “  fuch  manner  as  lhall  be  approved  by  the  faid  earl,  or  in  default  of  fuch  approbation,  to “  be  well  firmly  and  fubftantially  eredted  and  built  with  brick  or  ftone,  or  both,  and  to  be ««  fo  continued,  and  the  timber  and  chambers  to  be  laid  thereon,  and  the  roof  thereof,  to  be ce  covered  with  Hate  or  tile,  and  from  time  to  time  to  be  kept  in  good  and  fufficient  repair “  therewith  by  the  faid  George  Gibfon ,  his  heirs  and  afligns,  but  fo  as  no  part  of  the  faid «  building  fo,  or  at  any  time  hereafter,  to  be  made,  lhall  over-hang  the  walls  or  pillars  fo “  to  be  built,  or  projedt  in  any  part  thereof  beyond  the  fame,  fave  only  ufual  and  proper “  offfets  and  cornilhes  over  the  windows  and  at  the  top. There  is  an  agreement  therein,  that  Gibfon  his  heirs  and  afligns,  lhall  not  by  building “  upon  any  part  of  his  ground  adjoining  to  the  faid  afiembly  rooms  at  any  time  hereafter “  darken  or  Hop  any  light  belonging  to  or  of  the  faid  afiembly.  rooms ;  and  that  the  faid  tru- “  fteesor  diredtors,  their  heirs  or  afligns,  or  any  of  them,  lhall  not  darken.  Hop  or  obftrudt “  any  light  or  lights  which  the  faid  George  Gibfon  lhall  make  to  the  rooms,  or  any  of  them, “  intended  to  be  by  him  made  over  the  faid  paflage. 8  M  “BY 5 lix APPENDIX. “  T}  V  indentures  of  leafe  and  releafe  dated  1 7'b  and  iS'h  November ,  9  Geo.  II,  1735,  made JL3  14  between  George  Gibfon,  innholder,  of  the  one  part;  and  fir  IVilliam  Wentworth  ba- “  ronet,  Henry  Yhompfon,  Mich.  Barjlow ,  George  Nelthorp  and  Bacon  Morritt  efqs;  ot  the 4‘  other  part ;  reciting,  that  it  has  been  agreed,  that  the  laid  George  Gibfon  fhould  convey unto  the  laid  fir  William  Wentworth,  &c.  and  their  heirs,  all  that  parcel  of  ground  where- “  on  is  now  Handing  a  meffuage  or  tenement  in  Blake-Jlreet  in  the  laid  city  ot wTork  wherein “  Eleanor  Waud  widow  lately  dwelt  (but  now  uninhabited,)  being  the  corner  houfe  there “  over-againH  the  mint-yard,  and  nearoppofite  the  houfe  belonging  to  the  mayor  and  com- “  monalty  of  the  city  of  York,  which  is  now  in  the  pcflefiion  of  fir  William  Robinfon  baronet ; “  and  alfo  all  that  parcel  of  void  ground  at  the  fouth  or  foutherly  end  of  the  fuid  hc-ufe “  wherein  the  faid  Mrs.  Waud  lived,  and  betwixt  the  paffage  leadirg  from  the  new  alfembly “  rooms  to  Finkill-frcet ,  to  wit,  from  the  faid  paflage  to  Blake-Jlreet,  and  on  which  ground “  did  lately  Hand  an  houfe  formerly  in  the  occupation  of  John  Wilkinfon ,  Ihoemaker,  and lt  late  in  the  occupation  of  IVilliam  Huntley,  and  in  confideration  thereof  the  faid  hr  William ‘c  Wentworth  &c.  have  agreed  to  pay  the  faid  George  Gibfon  one  hundred  and  feventy  pounds, “  and  it  is  agreed  George  Gibfon,  at  his  own  expence,  fhall  within  fourteen  weeks  pull  down “  the  faid  meffuage  now  Handing  on  the  faid  intended  to  be  purchafed  ground,  and  difpofe “  of  the  materials  to  his  own  ufe,  and  remove  within  the  faid  time  all  the  rubbifh  thereof; “  and  thatthe  faid  George  Gibfon  fhall  be  at  liberty  to  build  fire-places  and  roomsupon  a  wall “  or  pillars,  or  both,  to  be  erefted  to  inclofe  the  paffige  now  leading  from  the  faid  affem- “  bly  rooms  to  Finkel  frect,  to  the  level  of  the  faid  George  Gibfon' 3  firlt  floor,  which  pillars “  or  wall  are  to  be  built  well  and  fubftantiaily  at  the  expence  of  the  proprietors  of  the  faid lt  alfembly  rooms,  in  fuch  manner  as  between  them  has  been  agreed,  and  as  the  earl  of  Bur- “  lington  fhall  approve  of,  and  by  them  from  time  to  time  for  ever  repaired  and  kept  in  re- "  pair  ;  and  that  the  faid  George  Gibfon  fhall  not  llop  up,  obHru<5l  or  darken  any  lights  now “  placed  in  the  laid  alfembly  rooms.  In  completion  of  the  laid  agreement,  and  in  confide- “  tion  of  one  hundred  and  feventy  pounds,  the  faid  George  Gibfon  conveys  to,  and  to  the  ufe “  of  the  faid  fir  William  Wentworth ,  Henry  Thompfon,  Mich.  Barflow ,  George  Nelthorp  and “  Bacon  Morritt,  and  their  heirs,  the  above  deferibed  parcel  of  ground  whereon  now  Hands “  the  houfe  wherein  Eleanor  Waud  widow  lately  dwelt ;  and  alfo  all  that  other  parcel  of  void “  ground  from  the  paflage  leading  from  the  new  affembly  rooms  to  Finkell-Jlreet  aforefaid, 14  as  is  above  deferibed,  with  all  yards,  backfides,  ways,  paffages,  walls,  fences,  drains, eafements,  advantages  and  appurtenances. There  is  a  covenant  that  George  Gibfon  fhall  not  darken,  obHru<5t  or  Hop  up  any  the tl  lights  which  are  now  in  any  part  of  the  faid  affembly  rooms;  but  that  the  faid  fir  WiU “  Ham  Wentworth,  &c.  may  quietly  enjoy,  and  have  the  benefit  of  the  faid  lights  in  the “  lame  manner  that  they  are  now  placed. “  13  Sept.  1734.  It  was  ordered  at  an  houfe,  if  the  fubferibers  to  the  affembly  rooms “  think  proper,  and  do  buy  the  two  houfes  adjoining  to  the  new  affembly  rooms,  now  belong- “  ing  to  Mr.  George  Gibfon ,  that  fifty  pounds  be  contributed  and  paid  towards  purchafing  the “  fame  out  of  the  common  chamber  of  this  city,  provided  it  be  expreffed  in  fome  article,  that lC  the  ground  whereon  they  now  or  lately  did  Hand  be  not  built  upon,  but  fhall  lay  open  to “  the  Hreet. “  The  two  houfes  are  both  pulled  down  but  no  erection  made,  though  a  plan  of  it  is “  got  from  lord  Burlington  for  that  purpofe.  The  city  have  not  been  yet  called  upon  by “  the  directors  for  their  fifty  pounds,  anno  1 736. A  general  LISE  of  the  SUBSCRl  BERS  to  the  new  Assembly-Rooms  in  York. 1.  I John  Ai/Jabie,  efq;  - 25 Bryan  Benfon ,  efq;  - 25 Sir  Edmund  Anderfon,  bart. 25 Francis  Barlow ,  efq;  —  — 50 The  hon.  Richard  Arundel ,  efq; 25 Ramfden  Barnard ,  efq;  —  — 25 The  rev.  Mr.  Bryon  Allot  — 25 Michael  Barflow,  efq;  —  — 25 The  rev.  Mr.  Leonard  AJh  — 25 William  Barflow,  efq;  —  — 25 Charles  Allen,  gent.  —  — 25 Charles  Bathurfl,  efq;  —  — 50 John  Agar,  efq;  —  — 25 Francis  Befl,  efq;  —  — 25 The  right  hon.  earl  of  Burlington 5° Hugh  Bethel  of  Rice,  efq ; 25 The  right  hon.  lady  Burlington 50 Hugh  Bethel  of  Swinden,  efq ; 2  5 The  right  hon.  lady  dowager  Bur- l-o Walter  Blackett ,  efq;  — 25 lington r John  Bourcbier ,  efq;  — 25 The  right  hon.  lord  Bruce  — 25 William  Bourcbier,  efq;  — 25 The  right  hon.  "lady  Bruce  — 2  5 George  Bows,  efq;  —  — 25 Lady  Dorothea  Boyle  - 5° Mrs.  Ellen  Bows  —  — 25 Lady  Charlotte  Boyle  - 5° Ellerker  Bradfhaw ,  efq;  — 25 Sir  Francis  Boynton ,  bart.  — 2  5 Samuel  Braithwait,  efq;  — 25 Samuel k A  P  P  E i. Samuel  Breary ,  S.  T.  P.  —  25 Thomas  Brown,  efq;  —  —  2.5 Robert  Buck ,  efq-,  —  —  25 Philip  Byerley ,  efq*, -  25 The  right  hon.  earl  of  Carlijle  25 Sir  Marmaduke  Conjl able,  bai  t.  —  2 5 Sir  George  Caley,  bart.  —  25 Debtor  Clinch  —  —  —  25 Marmaduke  Conjl  able,  efq-,  —  25 Dodtor  Cook  —  —  —  25 Stephen  Croft ,  efq;  —  —  25 George  Crowle ,  efq;  —  —  25 Haworth  Cur>er ,  efq; - 25 Jacob  Cujlobady ,  gent.  —  —  25 Cuthbcrt  Conjl  able,  rfq;  —  —  25 William  Chaloner ,  elq;  —  —  25 The  right  h  oo> .lord  Darcy  —  25 Sir  Darcy  Daws,  bart. - 25 Jlbfirupus  Dauby,  elq; - 25 Samuel  Daw/on,  efq;  -  25 John  Dawfon,  efq-, -  25 Piet.  Daws,  gent.  25 James  Delcuzc,  efq; -  25 William  Dobfon,  efq; -  2  5 John  Dodgfun,  efq;  -  25 Francis  Drake,  gent.  - -  25 Daniel  Draper,  efq; -  25 Richard  Darley,  efq; -  25 Lewis  Elfieb,  efq;  —  —  25 The  right  hon.  lord  vife.  Falconberg  25 Sir  Thomas  Frankland,  bart.  —  25 The  hon.  Charles  Fairfax,  efq;  —  25 Thomas  Fairfax,  efq; -  25 Bryan  Fairfax ,  efq;  - -  25 Thomas  Fothergill,  efq; - 50 George  Fox,  efq;  — •  —  25 Houjley  Freeman,  efq;  —  —  25 His  grace  the  duke  of  Grafton  —  25 The  right  hon.  lord  Galloway  —  25 Sir  Reginald  Graham,  bart.  —  25 Sir  Edward  Gafcoign ,  bart.  —  25 Richard  Gee,  efq;  —  —  25 John  Gocdrick ,  efq;  —  —  25 William  Gee ,  efq;  —  —  25 William  Gcffp ,  efq;  -  25 The  hon.  Mrs.  Mary  Graham  2 5 Thomas  Grimfon,  efq;  —  25 Henry  Greenwood,  gent.  —  25 Sir  Charles  Holha?n,  bart.  —  25 Sir  Robert  Hildyard,  barf,  —  25 Sir  Walter  Hawkfivorth,  bart.  —  50 Sir  William  Hufller,  knt.  —  25 William  Harvey ,  efq; -  25 Thomas  Hafjcl,  efq;  —  —  25 Francis  Hildyard,  gent.  -  25 Henry  Hitch,  efq;  -  25 The  hon.  colonel  Howard  —  25 Jeremiah  Horfcfeld,  efq;  -  25 James  Hujller,  efq;  — 25 John  Hutton,  efq;  ■ -  25 Mrs.  Ellen  Hutton  —  —  25 The  right  hon-.  lord'  vife-.  lrwyn.  25 The  right  hon.  lady  lrwyn.  —  25 James  lbbotfon,  efq;  * -  25 John  Ingleby,  efq;  -  25 Doftor  Johnfon,  jun.  - -  25 Ralph  Jenifon,  efq;  -  25 N  D  I  X. 1. Sir  John  Kay,  bart.  - 25 Mark  Kirkby,  efq;  -■ 25 Lord  Langdale  - - 25 The  right  hon.  lord  vife.  Londfdale 25 The  right  hon.  lady  Lechmere  — 25 Sir  Thomas- Legard,  bart.  - 25 Sir  William  Lowther,  bart.  — 25 Richard  Langley ,  efq;  —  — 25 Thomas  Lifer,  efq;  —  — 25 Richard  Lawfon ,  gent.  - 25 The  r'ght  hon.  lord  Malton  — 25 The  hon.  colonel  Mordant  — 2  5 The  hon.  Mrs.  Midleton  > — 25 Sir  Ralph  Milbank,  bart.  — 25 Sir  William  Milner,  bart.  — 25 Henry  Maifiers,  efq;  - 25 Henry  Medley,  efq;  - - 25 William  Metcalf ',  efq;  - 25 William  Milner,  efq;  - 25 Thomas  Moor,  efq;  - 25 Bacon  Morrit,  efq;  -  — 25 John  Moyfer,  efq;  - 25 Richard  Mancklin,  gent.  - 2  5 John  Marfden,  gent.  - 25 The  muflek  aflembly  —  ■■  - 25 Ladies  of  the  Monday  aflembly  — 50 Hugh  Montgomery ,  efq;  - 25 Mr.  Thomas  Moon  -  - 25 Sir  Michael  Newton  --  - 25 George  Nelthorpe ,  efq;  - 25 Thomas  Nor  cliff,  efq;  - - 25 Duke  of  Norfolk  - 25 William  Ofbaldifion ,  efq;  » — — 25 Right  hon.  lady  Prefon  — 25 Sir  Jofeph  Pennington ,  bart.  - 25 Sir  Lyon  Pilkington ,  bart. - 50 Henry  Pawfon ,  efq;  - 25 Nathaniel  Payler,  efq;  - - 25 Henry  Pearce,  efq;  —  •  - 25 Thomas  Place,  efq;  - 2  5 Michael  Pr otter,  efq;  - 25 Thomas  Pulley n ,  efq;  — — 2  5 Darcy  Prefon,  elq;  --  - 25 His  grace  the  duke  of  Rutland 25 Sir  Thomas  Robinfon,  bart.  - 25 Gregory  Rhodes,  efq;  — - 25 Nicholas  Robinfon,  efq;  - - 25 Mrs.  Roundell  -  - - 25 John  Robinfon,  efq;  —  ■  — 25 William  Redman,  efq;  - - 25 The  right  hon.  earl  of  Scarborough 25 The  right  hon.  earl  of  Strafford  — 25 Sir  William  St.  Qu  intin,  bart.  — 2  5 Sir  William  Strickland,  bart.  — 25 Sir  George  Saville,  bart.  — 50 The  lhdy  Setn/ille  —  —  — fO Sir  Thomas.Sanderfon,  bart.  — 25 Sir  Henry  Slingsby,  bart. - 25 Lady  St.  Quintin  —  — 2  5 Thomas  Scawen,  efq;  - . 25 Thomas  Selby,  efq;  - - 25 Matthew  S't.  Quin  tin,  efq ;  - - 25 William  Slainforth ,  efq;  —  — 25 John  Shaw,  gent.  —  — 25 Mrs.  Smith  -  — — — 25 Miles  Stapleton,  efq;  — — 25 Wi.liam  Spencer,  efq;  - 25 Stephen I 5 lxi APPEND  IX. Stephen  Tempef,  efq;  —  — Henry  Thompfon,  efq;  — •  — Richard  Thompfon ,  elq;  —  — Leonard  'Thompfon,  efq;  —  — Jonas  Thompfon ,  efq;  • - Stephen  Thompfon ,  efq;  — Edward  Thompfon ,  efq; - Cholmley  Turner ,  efq;  — Marwood  Turner ,  efq; - JVilliam  Turner ,  efq;  - John  Twifeton ,  efq;  - Benjamin  Tilden ,  efq; - Mr.  Henry  Tireman  — — The  right  hon.  fir  Rob.  JValpole Sir  JVilliam  JVentworlh ,  bart.  _ Lady  JVentworlh  - Sir  Rowland  JVynne ,  bart.  — Docftor  JVard  —  — JVilliam  JVakeJield ,  efq; - /. 25 25 25 50 25 25 25 50 25 25 25 25 25 25 50 25 25 25 25 Godfrey  JVentworlh ,  efq;  — JVilliam  JVharton ,  efq;  - JVharton  JVharton ,  efq;  — Peter  JVhitton ,  efq;  — William  Wickham ,  efq;  — The  hon.  Tho.  Willoughby,  efq; Thomas  JVorfey,  efq;  - Richard  White,  efq;  - , Richard  JVitton,  efq;  — , — y (?/-/«  JVcod,  efq;  — John  Wilmer,  gent.  — John  JVilkinfon,  efq;  - The  city  of  York  — - . I, 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 50 25 25 25 50 M  B.  Th£fe  are  feveral  gentlemen  fubfcri- bers  who  have  not  yet  paid  in  their  firft fubfcriptions ;  but,  as  I  apprehend  they may  do  it,  I  do  not  care  to  diftinguifh them. “  1  May  1730.  At  a  meeting  of  the  fubfcribers  in  the  Monday  affembly-rooms  the  fol- “  lowing  gentlemen  were  by  ballotting  elected  firft  directors  or  ftewards  to  thefe  buildings. Michael  Barjlow, George  Nelthorp , Sir  JVilliam  Wentworth,  j  Henry  Thomfon , Sir  Walter  Hawkfwortb,  (  ,  Bacon  Morritt, Sir  Edmund  Andcrfon ,  r  arone^s-  Thomas  Fothergill , Sir  Darcy  Dawes,  j  John  Twifeton, Stephen  Tempef, JVilliam  Gojfip. -  efquires. That  it  may  be  better  underftood  what  advantage  the  pulling  down  thefe  houfes  has  been to  the  opening  the  ftreet  and  the  area  before  the  affembly,  this  plan  has  been  taken ;  by which  the  angle  the  old  ftreets  made  is  delineated. The  fide- door  into the  afiem- bly-rooms. 20  30  40  50  60 10 Ixii APPENDIX, P  .  346.  Se&,  ult.  Grapelane. ^pulbur^fjall  in  York,  (t) “  QMnibus  hoc  fcriptum  cirographat.  yifur.  vel  audit.  Robertas  de  Wykford  Cimniass  eo „  „  clePlt;  Elor-  «  prebendanus  prebend,  de  North-Newbald  in  eadetn  eccl  falutem in  auftore  falut.s  Novent, s  me  conceffiffe  demififfe  et  hoc  prefenti  fcripto  ciroeraph. confirmaffe  Wilhelm  de  Hovyngham  civi  Ebor.  et  aurifabro  Ebor.  totum  illud  mriW “  me™  vocat-  in  VICO  de  Stayne-gate  in  civit.  Ebor.  pertinens  ad  prcbendam predift.  cum  omnibus  domibus  fuperedificatis  et  aliis  fuis  pertinentiis,  prout  iacet  in  lati- „  tud,ne  lnter  X ram  pnons  ®-  °/“'sW‘  ex  Parte  una  et  terrain  que  fuit' Richardi  de  Seleby „  ™per,  cms  Eior-  <-x  parte  altera,  et  in  iongitudine  a  regia  ftrata  de  Stayne-gale  ante  uff que  ad  quoddam  gardinum  in  line  ditti  meffuagii  verfus  ©capecnnWanc  retro,  &c. “  O“nom  r  ;riu  '  ^delirU,S  rcriptum  vifur-  vel  auditor.  Johannes  filii  Theme  de Strenfale  de  Ebor.  falutem  (u).  Noverit  umverfitas  veftra  me  conceffiffe  et  prefenti .  fcr,pt0  mc0  pr°  me  «  hcredibus  meis  confirmaffe  domino  JohaHni  de  Ellerker Tuniori quod  totum  illud  mefuagium  in  ffirapcuntdane  in  civitate  Ebor.  quod  Hen  de  Coutman th°rp  “  Nat';.  de  SlranIale  uxor  ejus  mater  mea  tenent  ad  terminum  vitae  'ipfius  matris meae  de  hereditate  mea  et  quod  pod:  mortem  ejufdem  matris  meae  ad  meet  heredes meos  revert,  deberet,  port  mortem  praefatae  MatiU.  matris  meae  ditto  domino  S ;;  ,remanf  V;-  habCKdr  et  “  flbi  ‘leredibus  et  affignatis  fuis  una  cum  Ihopis  felartis  Z <  iv  rv1  a  !’S  Sulbufcunque  ditto  mefuagio  circumquaque  et  ubicunque  adjacentibus  de  ca- pitalibus  domtms  feodl  films  per  fervitia  inde  debita  et  confueta  imperpetuum  Praere \  X  r  re]axavi  et  omnino  de  me  et  heredibus  meis  imperpeuum  quietum  clamavi  pre- ,  fat°  domino  Johann,  d(  Ellerker  totum  jus  et  clameum  quae  habeo  feu  quovifmodoPha ‘  bore  potu.  m  ill.s  duobus  mefuagns  cum  pertin.  in  carnificio  in  Curia  do, aim  regist  chi ‘  tate  Ebor  quae  nuper  idem  dommus  Johannes  habuit  ibidem  de  dono  meo  Ita  o  ,od “  ego  nec  aliquis  nomine  meo  in  dittis  duobus  mefuagiis  cum  pertin.  feu  parte  eorundem 1  qu lcquam  exigere  vel  vend, care  poterimus  quoquo  modo,  fet  inde  fumus  exclufi  ab .  one  qualibet  imperpetuum  per  prefentes.  Et  ego  predittus  Johannes  de  Stranfole « ‘  heredes  me,  omnia  preditta  mefuagia  cum  omnibus  pertinentiis  fuis  fupradlttl  ore .I  omnes.0mm0  7  “  affiSnatis  fuiS  ^ntizabimus  imperpLum  contm “  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  prefenti  fcripto  figillum  meum  appofui. tc  Hiis  teftibus  dominis  Johanne  de  S toner e.  Simon  de  Drayton  et  7ohanne  de  //.w... “  litibus,  Elia  de  AJheburn  et  Will.  Gylour  et  aliis.  f  H  hum  m‘- “  °atkap“d  Undm'  xii  die  ™nfis  M"tii  annodomini  millefimo  trefeentefimo  virefi™ oftavo,  regni  veto  regis  Edwardi  tertii  poft  conqueftum  tertio.  fira° ‘  Since  which  «  has  had  the  fanttion  of  an  aft P.  381.  SeS.  3.  Survey  of  the  AinJIy. “  of  parliament  to  confirm  it.” Some  of  my  papers  being  mifiaid,  I  am  at  prefent  ignorant  what  led  me  inm  ■ ftake,  and  the  note  of  reference  (g)  belonmne  to  it  •  bur  •  ,me  “to  this  mi- an  a  Hair  has  happened,  whereby  £  city= Ht  to  this  ^  thl$  ***“’ into,  and  by  it  the  patent  of  Henry  VI.  is  S  ,0  le  !  1  Patt.cular  y  fought It  is  plain,  however*,  that  the  city  has  much mole  mhnthlffX  COn,,firmatl°n for  befides  the  pleas  which  fir  T.W.  writes  were  held  about  it  J  t  f°^1S  waPontack  i a  grant  of  the  fame  king  to  the  dty  fo!  reSion  of  til V  ’  &  \  °f  L  1  find re.«d  into  the  kings  hnndt,  Vdier  lor  non-pnynltn.  of  heir  foil  W™”  'ft11 De  libertatibus  rejlitut.  civibus  Ebor.  (x). 1  tiis,  quo  eas  habuerunt  ante  nreri.'A-dm  1  e,idem  libertatibus  et  pertmen- ‘  de  firma  debita  et  aliis  que  ad  nos  nerrinenr  p  !°ncm  earundem  in  manual  noft.  ita  quod ‘  Ut  prius  fieri  confueJit  9  Commifimus  etiam^Td6™  dC  rcfPondean'  Per  a"™"i,  fie- pertinentiis,  quod  clamant  *  fffaS (0  Pat.  so  Ed.  III. />.  i.m.  24. («)  Clutf.  3  Ed.  III.  m.2^.d. (x)  Fat.  9  Ed.  I.m.  16. 8  N E  fionis m Ixiii APPENDIX. “  fionis  Domini  proximo  futurum,  et  tunc  eis  inde  fcire  faciamus  voluntatem  noftram.  Et n  ideo  vobis  mandamus  quod  eifdem  civibus  predidtas  majoratem  villam  et  libertatem  te- “  nend.  in  forma  predidta.  Et  eis  predidtuip  WlapoiltacS  tenend.  ficut  predidt.  eft  una n  cum  omnibus  de  predidtis  villa  et  Wapontack,  a  felto  S.  Micbaelis  proxime  preterito  per- M  ceptis. “  In  cujus  rei,  &c. “  T.  R.  apud  Roth.  xx.  die  Novem. P.  382.  Se Si.  5.  “  It  is  very  particular  that  the  inhabitants  of  this  diftrict  are  not  re- “  prefented  at  all  in  parliament,  £*.” Since  this  (heet  puffed  the  prefs,  as  I  faid  before,  the  contcft  on  the  petition  relating  to the  laft  election,  for  knights  of  the  (hire  for  the  county  of  York,  has  occafioned  this  mat¬ ter  to  be  debated  before  the  houfe  of  commons.  And  a  copy  of  the  record  of  the  patent  of annexation  ol  the  diftridl  of  Aynjiy  to  the  city  of  York  by  king  Henry  VI,  being  produced and  read,  which  has  a  ftrong  faving  claufe  at  the  end  of  it  ;  a  relolution  of  allowing  the votes  of  freeholders  of  this  wapontack  to  be  good  was  agreed  unto  by  the  houfe  without a  divifion.  The  author  of  this  work  had  the  honour  to  carry  in  the  copy  of  the  record and  vouch  it  in  the  houfe  ;  which  faved  a  debate  of  home  hours,  and  perfectly  fettled  the rialit  of  thefe  freeh  lders  for  the  future  voting  at  the  county  eledtion.  The  proceedings in  this  matter  claim  a  place  in  thefe  additions  ;  but  the  patent  itfelf  having  been  printed at  length  in  Maddox’ s  firma  Burg:  p.  293.  and  294.  (g)-,  except  fome  particular  fpecifica- tions  of  tolls,  it  is  needlefs  to  infert  it  here.  The  original  enrolment  may  be  found  pat. 27  Hen.  VI.  p.  1.  m.  14.  Yurre  London. Votes  of  the  House  or  Commons. “  Martis  9.  die  Martii  1735.  p.  185. >t>  pi  E  houfe  proceeded  (according  to  order)  to  the  further  hearing  the  matters  of  the JL  «  feveral  petitions,  complaining  of  an  undue  eledtion  for  the  county  of  York. “  And  the  counfel  were  called  in. “  And  the  counfel  for  the  petitioner  fir  Rowland  Wum  bart.  and  the  other  petitioners, n  vvhofe  petition  complains  of  an  undue  eledtion  and  return  of  fir  Miles  Stapylton  bart.  for 11  the  faid  county,  having  propofed  to  difqualify  William  Stothard,  who  voted  for  the  laid 11  fitting  member,  at  the  faid  eleflion,  in  right  of  a  freehold  at  Acomb  in  the  hundred  or 11  wapentake  of  Aynsty,  within  the  county  of  the  city  of  York-,  and  having  examined II  awitnefs  in  order  to  prove  that  Acomb  is  within  the  faid  hundred  or  wapontake,  and n  that  the  faid  hundred  or  wapontake  is  within  the  county  of  the  faid  city ;  and  having  exa- 11  mined  the  faid  witnefs  concerning  the  ufage  of  voting  for  freeholds,  lying  in  the  faid  hun- ‘I  dred  or  wapontake,  at  the  eleflion  of  knights  of  the  (hire  for  the  county  of  York  ;  and  ha- “  ving  propofed  to  difqualify  feveral  other  perfons,  who  voted  for  the  fitting  member,  in ii  right  of  fuch  freeholds 11  The  counfel  for  the  faid  fitting  member  were  heard  in  anfwer  to  the  evidence  of  that ti  difqualification. 11  And  a  copy  of  the  record  of  the  letters  patent  granted  by  king  Henry  VI.  the  11  to “  day  of  February  in  the  twenty  feventh  year  of  his  reign  to  the  mayor  and  citizens  of  the ‘I  city  of  York  was  produced  and  read  ■,  reciting  that  the  faid  city,  the  fuburbs  or  precinfls ■  I  thereof,  was  then  a  county  by  itfelf,  divided  and  feparated  from  the  county  of  York, “  and  called  the  county  of  thecity  of  York ;  and  that  the  mayor  and  citizens  of  the  faid  city were  bayliffs  of  and  in  the  hundred  or  wapontake  of  Aynfty  ;  and  granting  to  them  and “  their  fucceffors,  that  the  faid  hundred  or  wapontake  with  the  appurtenances,  (hould  be II  annexed  and  united  to  the  county  of  the  faid  city,  and  be  parcel  thereof ;  and  that  the ‘I  faid  city,  fuburbs  and  precindt,  hundred  or  wapontake,  and  each  of  them,  with  their ci  appurtenances,  and  every  thing  in  them  and  each  of  them  contained,  except  the  caftle i<  of  York,  the  towers,  foffes,  and  ditches  to  the  laid  caftle  belonging,  be  the  county  of  the “  faid  city,  feparated  and  divided  from  the  county  of  York  ;  faving  always  to  the  church <1  and  the  archbilhop,  dean  and  chapter  thereof,  and  every  other  community  temporal  and <<  fpiritual,  and  all  and  Angular  other  perfons,  all  kinds  of  franchifes,  privileges,  rights, “  commodities  and  cuftoms  to  them  or  any  of  them  of  right  belonging. ‘I  And  the  counfel  for  the  faid  petitioners  being  heard  by  way  of  reply, “  The  counfel  were  directed  to  withdraw. •i  Refilved,  . ii  That  the  perfons  whofe  freeholds  lye  within  that  part  of  the  county  ol  the  city  ot ti  York,  which  is  commonly  called  the  Aittfty,  have  a  right  to  vote  for  knights  ol  the  (hire “  for  the  county  of  York. P.  426- appendix. P .  42 6.  Sett.  4.  Archbifhop  Walter  Gref  s  temporal  poffeflions. Chart.  Hen.  III.  Walter.  Grey  archiep.  Ebor.  de  diverfis  terris  et  aliis  reddit.  concejf.  do?n. Roberto  de  Grey  fratri  ejus  (y). “  ttEN.  Dei  gratia  rex  Anglie ,  &c.  archiepilcopis  epifcopis  abbatibus  prioribus  comiti- “  bus  baronibus  jultic.  vie.  prepofitis  miniftris  et  fidelibus  fuis  falutem.  Infpexi- “  mus  cartam  quam  venerabilis  pater  Walterus  Ebor.  archiep.  Anglie  primas  fecit  Roberto  de “  Grey  fratri  fuo  in  hec  verba,  Omnibus  Chrifti  fidelibus  vifuris  vel  audituris  Walterus “  Dei  gratia  Ebor.  archiep.  Angliae  primas  falutem  in  Domino.  Noveritis  me  dediflecon- “  ceffilTe  et  prefenti  carta  confirmafi'e  Roberto  de  Grey  fratri  meo  pro  homagio  et  fervitio 44  fuo  totum  manerium  de  Upton  cum  pertinentiis  quod  habui  de  dono  Galfridi  de  Reynevill , 44  et  totam  terram  redditum  molendinum  et  pratum  cum  pertinentiis  in  Stivelingflet  que  habui 44  de  dono  Normanni  de  Hafelerton ,  et  totum  bofeum  cum  pertinent,  in  eadem  villa  quern  ha- 44  bui  de  dono  Willielmi  de  Albiniaco  et  Agatha  uxore  ejus,  et  totum  bofeum  cum  pert,  quern 44  habui  de  dono  Roberli  Truffebut  in  eadem  villa,  et  totum  bofeum  cum  pertin.  quern  habui 44  de  dono  Willielmi  de  Ros ,  et  unam  bovatam  terre  cum  pertin.  in  eadem  villa  quam  habui 44  de  dono  Radulphi  de  Thorp ,  et  unam  bovatam  terre  cum  pertin.  in  eadem  villa  quam  ha- 44  bui  de  Philippa  vicario  ecclef.  de  Stivelingflet ,  et  totam  terram  cum  pertin.  in  Morby 44  quam  habui  de  dono  Agnetis  de  Morevill ,  et  homagium  et  fervitium  Willielmi  filii  Thome 44  de  Belkertorp  de  toto  tenemento  quod  tenet  in  altera  Morby  que  habui  de  dono  ipfius  Ag- 44  netis,  et  totum  pratum  cum  pertinen.  in  NaburiC  quod  habui  de  dono  Willielmi  de  Pau- 44  mes,  et  totam  terram  et  pratum  in  eadem  villa  quod  habui  de  dono  Ricardi  de  Maunfel , 44  et  terram  cum  pertinent,  in  Drenghufes  quam  habui  de  priore  et  conventu  S.  Trinitalis 44  Ebor.  et  totam  terram  cum  pertinentiis  quam  habui  de  dono  Willielmi  de  Gyglefwyk ,  et 44  totam  terram  redditum  pratum  et  gardinum  cum  pertinent,  in  Boyflardthorp  que  habui  de 44  dono  Petri  de  Knapeton ,  et  totum  pratum  cum  pertin.  in  eadem  villa  quod  habui  de  prio- «{  re  et  conventu  S.  Andreae  Ebor.  et  totum  pratum  cum  pertin.  in  eadem  villa  quod  habui de  dono  Henrici  de  Karleton ,  et  totum  pratum  cum  pertin.  in  Thorpmalteby  quod  habui  de «4  priore  hofpitalis  Jerefolumitan.  in  Anglia ,  et  totam  terram  cum  pertin.  in  Thorp  S.  Andreae quam  habui  de  dono  Galfridi  de  Thorney  cum  molendino  ad  ventum  fuper  eandem  terram «4  fito,  et  totam  terram  cum  pertin.  quam  habui  de  abbate  et  conventu  de  Kirkeftall  in  vil- «4  lis  de  Thorp  S.  Andree  et  Thorpmalteby,  excepto  vivario  ad  opus  meum  refervato  et  mo- lendino  aquario  fuper  idem  fito,  et  excepta  tota  terra  verfus  auftrum  in  campo  de *4  Thorp  S.  Andree  de  cujufcunque  dono  fuit  ficut  Kaldekoteflks  defeendit  de  bofeo  ejufdem «4  Thorp  per  bercariam  meam  ufque  ad  predict,  vivarium,  et  totam  terram  cum  pertinentiis ‘c  quam  habui  de  dono  abbatis  et  conventus  de  Maleby  in  Greneruding  in  villa  de  Stiveling- «c  flet,  et  duas  acras  et  dimid,  de  wafto  in  eadem  villa  in  quibus  domus  ipfius  Roberti  fite 44  funt  quas  habui  de  concefTione  Willielmi  de  Stutevill  et  aliis  dominis  ejufdem  ville,  etunam 44  bovatam  terre  cum  pertin.  et  unam  acram  prati  quas  habui  de  dono  Nicholai  filii  Hn- 4<  gonis  Palmeri  in  villa  de  Morby ,  et  totum  pratum  quod  habui  de  Willielmo  Fayrfax  cum “  pertin.  in  territorio  de  Stivelingflet  et  Morby ,  et  totum  pratum  quod  habui  de  dono  Hen- 44  rid  Neve  in  villa  de  Acafter ,  et  unum  molendinum  ad  ventum  quod  habui  de  dono Hu- 44  gonis  filii  Serlonis  de  Northflrete  capellani  in  Drenghufes,  et  totam  terram  cum  pertinent. 44  que  habui  de  Henrico  Boyflard'm  Boyftardthory  et  in  Dringhufes.  Habenda  omnia  et  te- “  nenda  eidem  Roberto  et  heredibus  fuis  de  capitalibus  dominicis  fingulorum  feodorum  fu- ‘c  pradift.  libere  quiete  et  integre  jure  hereditario  in  perpetuum.  Faciendo  capital,  domi- «e  nis  qui  pro  tempore  fuerint  pro  manerio  de  Upton  fervitium  feodi  dimidii  militis,  et  pro k  terre  redditu  molendino  et  prato  in  Stivelingflet  que  habui  de  dono  Normanni  de  Hefeler- ton  fervitium  feodi  dimidii  militis  pro  omni  fervitio,  et  reddendo  ad  luminare  ecclef. “  beate  Marie  de  Stivelingflet  unum  denarium  annuatim  pro  predifta  bovata  terre  quam  ha- “  bui  de  dono  predict.  Philippi  vicarii  de  Stivelingflet ,  et  laciendo  forinfecum  fervitium ‘c  quantum  pertinetad  duas  carucatas  terre  de  quibus  duodecim  carucate  terre  faciunt  feo- “  dum  unius  militis  pro  predict,  terra  homagio  et  fervitio  Willielmi  filii  Thome  de  Belker- “  thorp  que  habui  de  dono  fupradi&e  Agnetis  de  Morvil  in  duabus  Morbyes  fupradi&is,  et reddendo  unam  libram  incenfi  vel  duos  denarios  eccl.  S.  Trinitatis  Ebor.  in  die  S.  Trini- “  tatis  pro  predidta  terra  cum  pertin.  quam  habui  de  dono  Willielmi  de  Gyglefwyk,  et  red- “  dendo  duodecim  denar,  fupradi&o  Petro  de  Knapeton  ad  duos  terminos  annuat.  viz.  ad 44  Pentecoflen  fex  denar,  et  ad  feftum  S.  Martini  in  hyeme  fex  denar,  pro  prediftis  terre  red- 44  ditu  prato  et  gardino  que  habui  de  dono  ipfius  Petri  de  Knapeton  et  reddendo  unum  de- “  nar.  et  unum  par  chirothec.  in  die  Pafche  Domino  de  Acafter  Malebijfe  pro  predict. 44  terra  cum  pertinentiis  quam  habui  de  Galfrido  de  Thorenny  in  Thorp  S.  Andree  pro  omni- 44  bus  confuetudin.  exaction,  demandis  et  rebus  aliis.  Omnia  vero  prediftas  terras  tenemen- 4C  ta  prata  molendina  bofeos  redditus  et  gardina  cum  omnibus  pertinent.  fepedi£t.  capitales 44  domini  et  heredes  fui,  prout  in  cartis  particularibus  eorum  quas  mihi  lecerunt  de  war- (y)  Rot.  36  Hen.  III.  m.  13. lxiv 5 APPENDIX. “  rantizatione  mihi  et  heredibus  meis  et  affignatis  meis  facienda  continetur,  fepedido  Ro- “  berto  de  Grey  et  hered.  fuis  contra  omnes  et  fingulos  homines  et  feminas  warrantizabunt. “  Et  ut  hec  mea  donatio  conceflio  et  confirmatio  perpetuum  robur  obtineant,  prefen tem  car- “  tam  figilli  mei  munimine  duxi  roborare.  Hiis  teft.  dom.  Fulcone  Baffelh  decano  Ebor. “  rnagiftris  Laurentio  de  Lincoln,  et  Roberto  Hageth  archidiacon.  Ebor.  et  Ricbmund  magiftris “  Sew  alio  de  Bovill.  canon.  Ebor.  et  Willielmo  de  Senedon ,  dominis  Galfrido  de  Booland  et Ala- ct  no  de  W afiand,  domino  Willielmo  de  Wy  dint  on,  Willielmo  de  Bradeleys ,  Retro  de  Kayv.ill, “  Falcone  de  H  akfeld ,  Michaele  de  Hek,  Galfrido  de  Bafing  et  aliis.  Inipeximus  etiam  aliam “  cartam  quam  idem  archiep.  fecit  predict.  Roberto  deGrey  iratri  fuo  in  hec  verba:  Omni- “  bus  Chrifti  fidelibus  ad  quos  prefens  fcriptum  pervenerit  Walterus  de  Gray  Dei  gratia “  Ebor.  archiep.  Anglie  primasfalut.  in  Domino.  Noveritis  me  conceflifie  dediff  et  prefenti “  carta  noil,  confirmafie  diledo  fratri  nofl.  dom.  Roberto  de  Grey  unam  carucat.  terre  cum “  omnibus  pertinentiis  in  villa  de  Couthorp  quam  habuimus  de  dono  Alexandri  filii  Williei - “  mi  parfonede  Fangefoffe  quietam  a  folutione  redditus  viginti  folidorum  quos  idem  Alexander <c  folvere  confuevit  Juliane  de  Newtona ,  quern  quidem  redditum  viginti  folidorum  dida “  'Juliana  nobis  conceflit  et  quietum  clamavit.  Homagium,  &c.  Gilberti  de  Hopertona  et “  slmabilis  uxor,  fue  cum  ipforum  et  heredum  fuorum  fervitio,  videlicet  quinquc  folidor. “  per  annum  quorum  homagium  et  fervitium  habuimus  de  dono  dide  domine  Juliane  de “  Newtona.  Preterea  unum  toftum  in  Couthorp  quod  Robertus  Lanoc  quondam  tenuit  et “  duas  acras  terre  cum  pertinentiis  in  eadem  villa,  quam  terram  cum  tofto  habuimus  de “  dono  Erneburge  de  Fangefoffe ,  fimiliter  unam  bovatam  terre  et  dimid.  cum  prato  in  Cou- “  thorp  quam  habuimus  de  dono  Nicholai  de  Hugate  et  Aceline  uxoris  fue.  Infuper  unafn “  bovatam  terre  cum  pertinentiis  fuis  in  Tolthorp ,  quam  habuimus  de  dono  et  conceffione “  Ade  filii  Alani  et  Alicie  filie  et  heredis  Willielmi  de  Ergum ,  fecundum  quod  in  cartis  om- <c  nium  predict,  fuper  hoc  nobis  confedis  plenius  continetur.  Et  preterea  omnes  terras <c  quas  in  eifdem  villis  de  Toltorp  et  Coutorp  de  emptione  habuimus  vel  adquifitione  cum “  omnibus  pertin.  fuis.  Habendas  et  tenendas  eidem  domino  Roberto  de  Grey  et  hered.  fuis “  libere  quiete  integre  et  pacifice  cum  omnibus  libertat.  et  confuetudin.  ad  predidl.  terras “  pertinent,  faciendo  inde  forinfecum  fervitium  capitalibus  dominicis  quantum  pertinet  ad “  terras  prediftas  pro  omni  fervitio.  Et  ut  hec  nofl:.  conceflio  donatio  et  confirmatio  per- “  petuum  robur  obtineant  prefenti  fcripto  figillum  nod.  duximus  apponend.  Tell,  macri- “  Itris  Roberto  Hageth  canon.  Ebor.  et  Willielmo  de  Wyfebeth  canon.  Beverlac.  Johan.  °del “  Echbrec  canon.  Ebor.  Willielmo  de  Vefcy  canon.  Ripon,  magiftro  Ricardo  de  Watlinton  et “  Ricardo  de  Lethebroc  canon.  Beverlac.  Willielmo  de  Martel ,  Willielmo  de  Wydinden ,  Roger o “  de  Ofeberton ,  Roberto  de  Boelton ,  Thoma  de  Stanford  et  Reginaldo  de  Stowa  clericis  et  aliis. “  Dat.  apud  Suwell  quinto  decimo  kal.  Ottob.  anno  Dom.  millefimo  ducentef.  tricef.  quinto.* “  Infpeximus  etiam  aliam  cartam  quam  predidl.  archiep.  fecit  predid.  Roberto  de  Grey  fra- “  tri  fuo  in  hec  verba.  Omnibus  Chrifti  fidel.  ad  quos  &c.  Walterus  de  Grey  Dei  gratia “  Ebor.  archiep.  &c.  Noveritis  nos  conceflifie  dedifie  et  prefenti  carta  noft.  confirm,  di- “  ledo  frat.  noft.  dom.  R.  de  Grey  pro  homagio  et  fervitio  fuo  totam  terram  quam  Williel- “  mus  de  Boelton  nob.  conceff.  et  quiet,  clamav.  in  Boelton  etjapum  cum  homagiis  et  fervi- “  tiis  et  reddit.  et  villenagiis  et  omnibus  pertin.  fuis  fine  aliquo  retenimento.  Similiter  et “  duas  bovat.  et  odo  acras  terre  cum  pertin.  quas  Thomas  de  Bubwyth  et  Agnes  foror.  pred. “  Willielmi  de  Boelton  nob.  conceflerunt  et  quietum  clamaverunt,  et  decern  bovatas  terre  cum “  manfa  et  tofto  et  omnibus  pertinent,  fuis  in  Japum  quas  Petrus  de  Wyverthorp ,  nobis  dimifit ‘c  et  conceflit  et  quiet,  clamavit  prout  in  cartis  predid.  Willielmi  de  Boelton ,  Thome  de  Bubwith “  et  Agnetis  fororis  ipfius  Willielmi  Petri  de  Wyvertorp ,  Stephani  de  Baugi  et  Rog.  de  Baugi “  nob.  fuper  hoc  confedis  quas  quidem  eidem  Rob.  de  Grey  reddidimus  plenius  continetur. “  Tenpnd.  et  habend.  de  nobis  et  fucceftbribus  noft.  etiam  et  heredibus  fuis  cum  omnib. “  pertin.  fuis  libere  integre  et  quiete  ab  omni  fervitio  et  exad.  faciendo  inde  fervitium  an- “  nuatim  nobis  et  fuccelforibus  noft.  et  aliis  predid.  terrarum  dominis  quod  predidi  Wil- “  lielmus  Thomas  et  Agnes  Petrus  Stephanns  et  Rogerus  nobis  et  predeceff  noft.  et  aliis “  did.  terrarum  dominis  facere  confueverint  pro  omni  fervitio.  Et  ut  hec  noft.  conceff. “  donat  et  carte  noft.  confirm,  perpetuum  robur  obtineant  prefenti  fcripto  figillum  noftrum “  duximus  apponend.  Teftib.  maeiftris  Laurentio  de  Lincoln,  canon.  Ebor.  et  Roberto  Ha - tc  g*tb  canon.  Hertforden.  Galfrid.  de  Becland  canon.  Beverlac.  Willielmo  de  Vefcy,  Odone  de “  Ricbmund ,  Willielmo  de  Wyndendon ,  Ada  de  Stavel ,  Henrico  Walens ,  Rog.  de  Ofeberton  et “  Reginaldo  de  Stowa  cleric,  et  aliis.  Dat.  apud  Scroby  fept.  kal  Maii  pontif.  noft.  anno  de- tc  cimo  odavo.  Nos  autem  donationes  et  conceffiones  predid.  ratas  habentes  et  gratas “  eas  pro  nob.  et  heredibus  noft.  Waltero  de  Grey  filio  et  heredi  predid.  Roberli  de  Grey “  concedimus  et  confirmamus,  ficut  carte  predidi  archiep.  quas  idem  Walterus  filius  et  heres 41  predid.  Roberti  inde  habet  rationaliter  teftantur. “  Hiis  teft.  venerab.  patre  Waltero  Wygorn.  epifeopo  Ricardo  de  Clare  comite  Glouceflre “  et  Hereford ,  Simone  de  Monteforti ,  comite  Leyceflre ,  Rogero  de  Fluency  com.  Wynton. “  Guydone  de  Laziman  fratre  noft.  Petro  de  Sabaud.  Johanne  Manfell  prepofito  Bever- 44  lac.  magiftro  Willielmo  de  Kilikenny  archidiacono  Coventrien.  Berlramo  de  Crioll ,  Ri- 44  car  do lxvi A  P  P  E  N  D  I  X. “  cardo  de  Grey,  Job. in.  de  Grey,  Gilberts  de  S. "grave,  magifti'o  Simone  de  Wanton,  Egi- “  dio  de  Erdington ,  Roberto  le  Noreys  et  aliis. “  Data  per  manum  nofl.  apud  Wejim.  vicef.  nono  die  Apr:',  anno  regni  noft.  tricefimo “  fexto. P.  431.  Seri.  3.  '' Thomas  de  C.orhridge  archbifhop. There  was  a  fevere  judgment  given  againit  this  archbifhop  in  a  caufe  betwixt  the  kino- and  him  relating  to  the  prebendary  of  Stillington  •,  which  take  as  follows, Inter  diverfa  judicia  in  epifeopos  ob  contempt,  Efc.  E  collect.  J.  Anftis  arm.  (x) “  OEde  vacante  archiepifcopatus  Ebor.  dom.  rex  con  tulit  magiftro  Johanni  Berhill  clerico  re- ^  *•  *■  gis  prebend,  de  Styvelington  in  ecclefia  beati  Petri  Ebor.  vacan.  et  ad  rem’s  dona- “  tionem,  &c.  Quern  Thomas  archiep.  admittere  recufivit  in  regis  contemptum  decern 11  mill,  libra  rum.  Et  predict.  Thomas  venit  et  defen.dit,  &c.  Et  bene  cognolcit  quod  ipfe “  predicta  mandata  regia  admifit,  et  quod  ipfe  paratus  eft  et  erit  et  femper  fuit  man- “  datis  regiis  parere  in  quantum  potuit  et  fibi  incu,mbit,  &c.  Sed  dicit  quod  predidt.  cle- “  ricum  domini  regis  ad  predidt.  prebendam  et  cape  Ham  ad  prefens  admittere  non  potuit; “  et  quoddominus  papa  ratione  vacationis  que  alias  fe  fecit,  in  curia  Romana  de  eifdem prebenda  et  capella  per  confecrationem  ipfius  epifeopi  ibidem  qui  eafdem  prius  tenuit, “  ipfas  eafdem  ex  collatione  fua  dedit  clericis,  &c.  De  quibus  eadem  prebenda  et  capella “  nunc  plenae  funt,  unde  dicit  quod  ipfe  ratione  facramenti  fui  et  obedientiae  fuae  quae  do- “  niino  papae  fecit,  &c.  fadtum  ipfius  domini,  &c.  papae  fuperioris  fui  infirmare  non  poteft “  nec  pred.  clericus,  &c.  Inde  privare,  &c.  Et  petit  quod  dominus  rex  ipfum  in  ifto  cafu “  excufatum  habere  velit,  &c.  Et  quaefitum  eft  a  prefato  archiepifcopo  fi  aliquid  aliud  ad “  pred.  mandatum  domini  regis  liceat  refpondere,  &c.  Qui  dicit,  ut  prius,  quod  non  po- “  tefl,  &c.  Et  quia  caufa  pred.  quam  idem  archiepilcopus  de  impedimento  leu  non  pofle “  fuo  in  curia  hie  pro  fe  afTignat,  pro  nulla  habetur,  eo  quod  fadtum  domini  papae  fupe- “  rioris  fui  in  curia  Romana  fadtum  in  curia  hac  deduci  non  poteft,  nec  terminari,  immo “  ^d  inobedientiam  ipfius  archiepifcopi  expreffe  reputat  et  tenet,  eo  quod  pred.  clericum,  &c. “ad  mandat,  domini  regis  pred.  admittere  recufavit ;  confideratum  eft  quod  temporalitas “  quae  archiepifcopus  de  domino  rege  tenet  &c.  capiat  in  manu  domini  regis  quoufque  cle- “  ricum  pred.  ad  mandatum  domini  regis  admiferit,  et  ipfi  domino  regi  de  contemptu “  et  in  obedientia  pred.  fuisfecerit.  Et  fuper  hoc  publice  in  plena  curia  hie  inhibitum  eft “  ex  parte  domini  regis  prefato  archiepifcopo  et  omnibus  aliis  de  regno  et  de  poteftate  re- 41  gis  tarn  laicis  quam  clericis,  &c.  fub  forisfadtura  omnium  quae  forisfacere  poterunt,  ne “  aliquis  eorum  aliquid  fequatur  vel  qui  faciat  erga  cur.  Romanam  nec  alibi  contra  jus  co- “  ronae  et  dignitatis  regis,  &c.  in  ifta  caufa  vel  aliis  quibufeunque,  nec  aliquas  appella- “  tiones  provocationes  feu  inftrumenta  quaecunque  faciant  nec  auxilium  confilians  feu  affen- “  fum  ad  hoc  prebeant  quoquo  modo  per  quod  difientio  aliqua  vel  difeordia  inter  cur.  Ro- “  manam  et  cur.  regis  poterunt  evenire  vel  pax  inter  eafdem  aliqualiter  (quod  abfit)  infir- mari,  &c. P.  441.  Sett.  ult.  The  pope’s  bull  of  tranflation  of  J.  Kempe ,  bifhop  of  London,  to  the archbilhoprick  of  Tork. Liter  a  papalis  de  admijjione  et  receptione  Johannis  Kempe  nuper  London,  epifeopi  in  archiepifco- pum  Ebor.  (y) “  MARr  ■T1  NUS  epifeopus  fervus  fervorum  Dei  dileftis  filiis  populo  civitatis  et  dioece- “  fi°s  Elmracen.  falucem  et  apoftolicam  benediftionem.  Romani  pontificis,  quern  pa- “  ftor  illc  coeleftis  et  epifeopus  animarum  poteftatis  fibi  plenitudine  tradita  ecclefiis  praetu- “  lit  univerfis,!  plena  vigiliis  folicitudo  requirit,  ut  ipfe  cum  ftatum  cujuflibet  orbis  ecclefiae “  fie  vigilanter  excogitet  ficque  profpiciat  diligenter,  quod  per  ejus  providentiam  circum- “  ipectam,  nunc  per  fimplicis  provifionis  officium  nunc  per  miniflerium  tranfiationis  ac- “  commodae,  prout  perfonarum  locorum  et  temporuni  qualitas  exigitet  ecclefmrum  utilitas “  perfuadet,  ecclefiis  fingulis  pallor  accedat  idoneus  et  rector  providus  deputetur  qui  po- “  pulum  fibi  commiflum  falubriter  dirigat  et  informet  ac  ecclefiis  votivae  profperitatis  ef- “  ferat  incrementa.  Sane  ecclefia  Eboracenfa  eo  paftoris  folatio  deftituta  quod  nos  ho- “  die  venerabilem  noftrum  Ricardum  epifeopum  Lincohien.  tunc  Eborasen.  archiepifcopum “  licet  abfentem,  a  vinculo  quo  cieicm  Eboracenfi  ecclefiae  cui  tunc  praeerat  tenebatur  de “  fratrum  nottrorum  confilio  et  apofiolicae  poteftatis  plenitudine  abfolventes  ipfum,  ad  ec- “  clcfiam  Lincolnienfem  tunc  vacantem  duximus  authoritace  apoltoiica  transferendum,  praefi- 1  ‘  ciendo  cum  ipfi  Eincolnietifi  ecclefiae  in  epifeopum  et  paftorem,  110s  ad  provifionem  ipfius “  Eboracenfis  ecclefiae  cclere  et  feliciter,  ne  ecclefia  ipfa  longae  vacationis  permancret  incom- (xj  Trill.  ;2  Ed.  I  rot.  75.  corcnn  ngt.  fyj  Ex  regijl.  ant.  in  camera  fuper  pontem  Ufa  of.  z68. 8  0  “  modo !3‘; j  f, 4 lxvii APPENDIX. “  modo,  paternis  et  follicitis  ftudiis  intendentes  poft  deliberationem  quam  de  praeficiendo “  eidem  Eboracenfi  ecclefiae  perfonam  utilem  et  etiam  frudtuofam  cum  didtis  fratribus “  tradlatum  habuimus  diligentem,  demum  ad  venerabilem  fratrum  noftrum  Johannem  epif- *t  copum  London,  confideratis  grandium  virtutum  meritis  quibus  perfona  fua  prout  fide “  dignorum  teftimoniis  accepimus  divina  gratia  infignivit,  et  quod  ipfe  Johannes  qui  re- “  gimini  didtae  Londonen.  ecclefiae  hadtenus  laudabiliter  prefuit  didtam  Eboracenfem  eccle- ‘c  fiam  fcietet  poterit,  auctore  Domino,  utiliter  regere  et  feliciter  gubernare,  convertimus  ocu- “  los  noftrae  mentis.  Intendentes  igitur  tarn  didtae  Eboracenfi  ecclefiae  quam  ejus  gregi  do- “  minico  falubriter  providere,  praefativm  Johannem ,  a  vinculo  quo  eidem  Londonen.  ecclefiae “  cui  tunc  praeerat  tenebatur,  de  ipforum  fratrum  confilio  et  ejufdem  poteftatis  plenitudine “  abfolventes  eum,  ad  didtam  ecclefiam  Eboracenfem  authoritate  apoftolica  tranftulimus  ip- “  fumque  illi  praefecimus  in  archiepifcopum  et  paftorem  curam  et  adminiftrationem  ip- tc  fius  Eboracenfis  ecclefiae  fibi  in  fpir'itualibus  et  temporalibus  plenarie  committendo,  libe- tc  ramque  ei  dando  licentiam  ad  ipfam  Eboracenfem  ecclefiam  tranfeundi,  firma  fpe  fiducia- “  que  conceptis  quod,  dirigente  Domin  o,  adlus  fuos  praefata  Eboracenfis  ecclefia  per  ipfius  Jo- “  hanms  induftriae  et  circumfpeclionis  ftudium  fructuofum  regetur  utiliter  et  profpere  di- t(  rigetur  ac  grata  in  eifdem  fpirituabibus  et  temporalibus  fufcipiet  incrementa  •,  quocirca  u- “  niverfitatem  veftram  rogamus  et  hc«tamur  attente  per  apoftolica  vobis  fcripta  mandan- “  tes  quatenus  eundem  archiepifcopum,  tanquam  patrem  et  paftorem  animarutn  veftrarum “  grato  admittentes  honore,  exhibeatis  eidem  obedientiam  et  reverentiam  debitam  et  devo- “  tarn,  ita  quod  ipfe  in  vobis  devotionis  filios  et  vos  in  eo  pro  confequend.  patrem  invenilfe “  benevolum  gaudeatis. <c  Dat.  Romae  apud  fandlos  apoftolos  decimo  tertio  kalendarum  Augufti  pontificatus  no- “  ftri  anno  odavo. P.  490.  Seft.  7.  and  P.  493.  “  unlefs  we  fuppofe  the  tomb  on  the  right  hand  Walter <c  Grefs  to  be  his.” J'uppzveA  t/e  of"  tfozd/ref/  At  JCvmet&n  ArrMui/wp . p.  497. AP  PE  N  D  1  X. ; Ixviii P.  497.  5V(7.  4.  Egremond. P.  528.  lilt.  P.  529.  Sell.  prim. On  fome  of  the  pillars  in  the  Minfter  Dr.  Langwith  further  exprefies  himfelf  in  this manner, “  Since  I  wrote  to  you  about  the  pillars  in  Tork  Minfter,  I  find  by  Dr.  Woodward’s,  ca- “  talogues,  that  the  fmall  (hafts  of  the  pillars  in  WeftminJler-aUey  and  the  Temple  church “  are  of  our  marble,  as  alfo  fome  of  thofe  in  Salijbury  cathedral,  and  indeed  in  mod  of “  the  larger  Gothick  buildings  in  England.  I  find  alfo  upon  further  inquiry,  that  the  ri- “  ver  is  navigable  for  boats  to  within  four  or  five  miles  of  the  place  where  this  marble  was “  found  in  the  greateft  plenty  and  perfection,  and  might  probably  have  been  fo,  (till  nearer “  before  the  mills,  £*,  were  built  upon  it.  I  hope  after  this,  that  the  diftance  between “  this  pariih  and  Tork  will  not  be  made  ufe  of  as  an  objedtion  to  my  conjeaure;  for  the “  carriage  from  hence  to  Tork  being  in  a  manner  all  by  water  the  expence  muft  have “  been  a  meer  trifle  in  comparifon  to  that  of  conveying  it  to  many  other  places  at  a  di- “  ftance,  where  more  land  carriage  would  be  required.  It  is  pretty  remarkable  that  in “  mod  places  where  thefe  pillars  are  to  be  met  with  the  common  people  have  a  notion “  that  they  are  of  an  artificial  marble  and  cad  in  molds.”  But  upon  the  whole  a  piece  of marble,  broke  off  from  W titer  Grey’s  tomb,  and  a  piece  of  the  marble  at  Petworth  have been  compared  by  an  experienced  workman  -,  who  at  firft  was  of  the  common  opinion that  the  former  only  confided  of  bits  of  marble  wrought  in  plaifter,  but  a  littie  rubbing and  polilhing  foon  (hewed  him  his  miftake,  and  he  was  convinced  that  they  were  one  and the  fame  kind  of  (hone.  It  is  further  to  be  noted,  that  though  there  are  feveral  quarries, in  the  north  of  England  which  produce  done  and  marble,  in  which  large  quantities  of  fof- file  (hells  are  (bund  petrified,  as  in  this,  and  in  the  marble  out  of  which  the  old  font  in the  cathedral  is  cut,  Which  is  the  fame  fort  with  the  old  altar-table,  once  laid  over  our St.  William’ s  remains,  and  is  now  fawn  into  (lips  to  compofe  part  of  the  mofaick  work  in the  new  pavement  under  the  lanthorn-lleeple ,  yet  no  fort  in  our  country  bears  any  compa¬ rifon lxix APPENDIX. rifon  to  the  marble  of  the  pillars  aforeliiid.  The  (hell  which  abounds  mod  in  this  marble Dr.  Langwilb  fuppofes  to  be  the  cochlea  fafeiat a  vivipara  fluviatilis.  He  adds  that  he  takes thefe  kinds  of  petrifactions  to  be  the  nobleft  of  antiquities,  as  being  divine  monuments  ot of  that  dreadful  confufion  and  deftrudtion  which  was  brought  upon  the  earth  by  the  deluge. P.  546.  and  547.  The  rents  and  revenues  of  the  archbifhoprick  of  Tor  k,  in  the  county  of the  fame,  from  S>ooiH5DaP:booUf e  v  R  6  p  i  n  s  n  i  r  e. Terra  archiepifcopi  Eboracenfis. lt  In  Patrittone  cum  iiii.  berewitis.  Wifede ,  Halfam ,  Top,  Torveleftorp  funt  xxxv.  carucate tc  et  dimidia  et  ii.  bovate  et  ii.  particate,  i.  bovata  ad  geldum.  Hoc  manerium  fuit  et  eft “  archiepifcopi  Eboracenfis.  De  terra  hujus  manerii  habent  ii.  milites,  vi.  carucatas,  et  duo “  clerici  ii.  carucatas  et  iii.  bovatas  et  iii.  particatas  unius  bovate. “  In  Swine  cum  iiii.  berewitis  funt  x.  carucate  et  ii.  bovate  ad  geldum.  In  Bruneby  iiii.  ca- “  rucate  ad  geldum.  Nunc  habet  Goisfridus  homo  archiepifcopi  in  dominio. “  In  Coletun  villa  regis  habet  archiepifcopus  dimidiam  carucatam  terre  de  qua  pertinet “  foca  ad  Almelai  manerium  regis. “  In  Scireburne  cum  berewitis  fuis  funt  ad  geldum  regis  quater  viginti  et  xvi.  carucate,  in “  quibus  poffunt  efle  lx.  caruce.  De  ifta  terra  habent  milites  archiepifcopi  Iii.  carucatas. “  ipfi  terra  habet  unustainus  v.  carucatas  et  i.  bovatam.  De  ipfa  habent  ii.  clerici  vi. “  carucatas.  De  eadem  terra  habet  abbas  de  Salebi  vii.  carucatas.  Hoc  manerium  eft  in “  Barchefione  wapentachio. “  Archiepifcopus  habet  juxta  civitatem  xv.  carucatas  ad  geldum.  In  Eglendon  et  in  Walbi “  funt  ad  geldum  xvii.  carucate.  De  ipfa  habet  unus  miles  ii.  In  JVal chin  ton  funt  ad  geldum “  viii.  carucate  et  i.  bovata.  Canonici  habent  fub  archiepifcopo.  In  Cave  eft  ad  geldum “  una  carucata  et  vi.  bovate.  Canonici  tenent  et  eft  wafta.  In  Newebolt  funt  xxviii.  caru- <c  cateetii.  bovate  ad  geldum.  Canonici  tenent.  In  Ricbal.  funt  ad  geldum  ii.  carucate. 44  Canonici  tenent.  In  Doninon  funt  iiii.  carucate  ad  geldum.  Canonici  tenent.  In  Euring- “  ham  cum  berewitis  fuis  Londenejburg ,  Toletorp ,  Gudmtindham  funt  ad  geldum  xvii.  carucate. 44  Nunc  fub  Thoma  archiepifcopo  habent  terram  duo  clerici  et  unus  miles.  In  Wefwangham 44  funt  ad  geldum  xviii.  carucate  et  dimidia,  mine  habet  archiepifcopus  Thomas  et  wafta  eft. 44  In  Wiltone  cum  berewitis  fuis  Bodelton,  Ghevetorp ,  Aucltorp ,  Grenewic,  Fridarforp  funt  ad 44  geldum  xxx.  carucate  et  vi.  bovate.  In  Fridarforp  eft  ad  geldum  i.  carucata  et  dimidia, 44  de  qua  pertinet  foca  ad  Wiliton ,  wafta  eft.  In  Grenedale  funt  ad  geldum  iiii.  carucate,  nunc 44  wafta  eft.  /  In  Barnebi  et  Milleton  funt  ad  geldum  x.  carucate  et  ii.  bovate.  In  Ach.  ad 44  geldum  vi.  bovate  et  dimidia.  In  Carctorp  funt  ad  geldum  iiii.  carucate.  In  Langeton 44  funt  ad  geldum  ix.  carucate,  nunc  habet  fandlus  Petrus  et  wafta  eft.  In  Coltun  funt  ad  gel- 41  dum  ix.  carucate,  nunc  habet  fan&us  Petrus  et  wafta  eft.  In  Wifretorp  xviii.  carucate “  cum  berewicis  his.  Meletorp  v.  carucate.  In  Scireburne  funt  ad  geldum  xxvi.  carucate. 4t  Ad  hoc  manerium  pertinet  Elpetorp ,  ubi  funt  ad  geldum  xii.  carucate,  vi.  fub  foca,  et  vi.  cum 44  faca  et  foca,  wafta  eft.  Ad  eundem  manerium  pertinet  foca  harum  terrarum.  Grimfione “  iii.  carucate  et  dimidia.  Sudtone  dimidia  carucata.  Britejhale  ii.  carucate  et  dimidia. “  Croum  iii.  carucate.  Turyileby  i.  carucata.  Ludton  viii.  carucate.  Ulcbitorp  i.  carucata. “  Walkelinus  miles  habet  fub  archiepifcopo  Grimfone.  Ecclefade  Colnun  eft  archiepifcopi  Tho- cum  dimidia  carucata.  In  Bujhetorp  funt  ad  geldum  iiii.  carucate  et  dimidia. NORT  TR6DIND. 44  In  Wi chum  eft  ad  geldum  dimidia  carucata,  S.  Petrus  habet  et  wafta  eft.  In  Salttun  funt 44  ad  geldum  ix.  carucate.  In  Brayebi  funt  ad  geldum  vi.  carucate,  wafta  eft.  In  Berg  et “  alia  Berg  funt  ad  geldum  iii.  carucate  er  dimidia  et  wafta  eft.  In  Nementon  funt  ad  geldum “  iiii.  carucate.  Gamel  dedit  fandto  Petro  tempore  regis  Edwardi ,  modo  wafta  eft.  In 44  Naghelten  funt  ad  geldum  iiii.  carucate,  wafta  eft.  In  Maltun  ad  geldum  i.  carucata.  In “  Wilbeton  eft  ad  geldum  i.  carucata.  In  Pochelaf  ad  geldum  i.  carucata.  In  Ambeforde  ad 44  geldum  iii.  carucate.  In  Flaxtun  ad  geldum  vi.  bovate.  In  Mortun  ad  geldum  ii.  caru- 4,4  cateet  dimidia.  In  Bachegbi  ad  geldum  vi.  carucate  et  i.  bovata.  In  Carletun  ad  geldum “  iiii.  carucate  et  dimidia,  fanctus  Petrus  habet,  wafta  funt,  preter  quod  iiii.  villani  habentes “  ii.  carucatas.  In  Slaneyvif  habet  Ulfvi.  bovatas.  Idem  dedit  fan£lo  Petro.  In  Balgetorp “  funt  ad  geldum  iiii.  carucate.  In  Hamelfey  ad  geldum  iiii.  carucate  et  ii.  bovate.  In  War- “  dills  ^ d  geldum  iii.  carucate.  In  Careltone  ad  geldum  iii.  carucate.  Inter  omnes  xiiii.  ca- “  rucate.  San<ftus  Petrus  habet,  et  funt  in  eis  viii.  villani  habentes  v.  carucatas.  Reliqua 4C  wafta  funt.  In  Marlon  ad  geldum  iii.  carucate.  Sanftus  Petrus  habuit  et  habet  cum  faca “  et  foca.  In  Stivdinttun  ad  geldum  x.  carucate.  In  Axebi  ad  geldum  vi.  carucate  et  i.  bo- 4‘  vata.  In  Tolnetun  ad  geldum  viii.  caracate.  In  Alne  ad  geldum  viii.  carucate.  In  Hil- 44  perbi  ad  geldum  v.  carucate.  Ad  har.e  villam  pertinet  foca  harum  terrarum.  Loletone , “  Turulveforp  et  Wipefone ,  Mttune%  Inter  omnes  ad  geldum  xi.  carucate  et  ii.  bovate.  In “  eodem  Hilperbi  habet  fanftus  Petrus  iii.  carucatas,  wafta  eft.  In  Slrenjhale  v.  carucate “  n.ci  geldum,  wafta.  In  Tcnxlorp  iii.  carucate  ad  geldum,  wafta  eft.  In  Edewic  iii.  caru- “  care  ad  geldum,  wafta.  In  Coteborne  iii,  carucate.  Omnia  hec  wafta  funt. V  €ST appendix. V66T  TReDING. “  In  Warnesfeld  ad  geldum  ix.  carucate.  Saniftus  Petrus  habuit  et  habet.  Ilbertus  tenet, “  ad  OJbaldewir  pertinet,  fet  tamen  maneriutn  fuit.  In  Poplefnne  ad  geldum  viii.  carucate. “  archiepifcopus  tenet.  In  Achum  ad  geldum  xiiii.  carucate  et  dimidia.  Sandus  Petrus “  habet.  In  Nolhelai  cum  berewicis  his,  Slube,  Middellone >  Denture,  Ciiftun ,  Bikertuh , “  Fernelai ,  Fimbe,  Eft  one ,  Povelie ,  Gigele ,  Henokefworde  alia  Henokefworde ,  Beldone,  Mer - “  Jinlone,  Burghelai ,  lleclive.  Inter  omnes  funt  ad  geldum  lx.  carucate  et  vi.  bovate.  Archi- ct  epifcopus  habet  in  dominio.  In  Graftone  ad  geldum  iii.  carucate.  Hec  pertinent  ad  vi- “  <5tum  canonicorum,  fet  wafta  eft.  In  Olejiec  cum  berewicis  fuis  funt  ad  geldum  xiii.  caru- “  cate,  una  bovata  minus.  Willielmus  de  Verli  habet  de  archiepifcopo. “  In  Ripum  leuga  fundti  Wilfridi  pofiiint  efle  x.  carucate,  hoc  manerium  tenet  arch iepifco- “  pus.  De  hac  terra  habent  canonici  xiiii.  bovatas,  totum  circa  ecclefiam  i.  leuga.  Adja- “  cent  huic  manerio  he  berewite,  Forp,  EJlvinc ,  Wejlvic ,  Munecheton ,  Niz ,  Kilingala ,  Foren- “  tune,  Sallaia ,  Evejlone ,  Wijlejhale ,  Kenaresforde ,  Grentelaia ,  ErleJholt,  Merchintone ,  fimill “  ad  geldum  funt  xiiii  carucate.  Omnis  hec  terra  wafta  eft  prefer  quod  in  Merchintone “  eft  in  dominio  i.  carucata  et  ii.  villani,  et  iii.  bordarii  cum  i.  carucata  et  ii.  villanis,  et  iii.- “  bordariis  cum  i.  carucata,  et  i.  fochacum  i.  carucata.  In  Monechetun  i.  tainus  habet  iiii.  ca- <c  rucatas.  In  ErleJholt  ii.  carucatas.  In  Aldefelt  ad  geldum  ii.  bovate.  In  Ripum  jacet  et “  wafta  eft.  Ad  Ripum  pertinet  foca  harum  terrarum  EJlanlai  et  Sudton ,  alia  Ejlollaia. “  In  Ordjlanlia ,  Scleneforde ,  Sutheunic ,  inter  omnes  ad  geldum  xxi.  carucate  et  dimidia. tc  In  Nonnewich  ad  geldum,  in  land.  iiii.  carucate  et  dimidia,  et  dimidia  carucata  in  foca  •,  Ri- “  pum  Rainaldus  tenet.  In  Iiawinc  ad  geldum  iii.  carucate.  In  Gkerindale  ad  geldum  xi. “  carucate.  Et  in  Sceldone  berewita  ad  geldum  viii.  carucate.  In  Hogram  ii.  carucate.  In “  Holtone  ii.  bovate.  In  Hajhundebi  ii.  carucate.  In  Merchintone  et  Stanlai  i.  carucata.  Hec “  terra  lancti  Petri  eft  libera  a  geldo  regis,  wafta  eft. “  In  Beureli  fuit  temper  carucata  fandti  Johan nis  libera  a  geldo  regis.  Huic  manerio  adja- <c  cent  he  berewice,  Schitebi ,  Burtone.  In  his  funt  ad  geldum  xxxi.  carucate. “  In  Deltone  ad  geldum  xii.  carucate,  fandtus  Johannes  habet.  In  Alotemanebi  habent  cle- “  rici  de  Beureli  i.  bovatam.  In  Rigbi  ad  geldum  vi.  carucate.  In  Locheton  ii.  carucate “  et  dimidia  ad  geldum.  In  Etlone  ad  geldum  viii.  carucate.  Hoc  fuit  et  eft  manerium “  fandti  Johannis.  In  Rageneilorp  ad  geldum  iii.  carucate,  fandtus  Johannes  habet.  In  Bur- “  tone  xii.  carucate  et  vi.  bovate.  In  Molefcroft  iii.  carucate  ad  geldum.  Medietas  eft  ar- <c  chiepifcopi  et  alia  fandli  Jjohannis.  In  Calgetorp  habet  fantftus  Johannes  ii.  bovatas  ad  gel- “  dum.  In  Climbicote  ad  geldum  ii.  carucate  et  dimidia,  fandtus  Johannes  habet,  wafta  eft. “  Chetel  tenet  in  Middeltun  ad  geldum  v.  carucatas  et  vi.  bovatas,  fandtus  Johannes  habet  in <c  dominio.  In  Lachinfeld  habet  fanftus  Johannes  ii.  bovatas.  In  Chelche  cum  berewicis  his, “  Ghemelinge ,  Ritlone  funt  ad  geldum  xiii.  carucate.  In  Gar  tone  ad  geldum  ix.  carucate, “  fandlus  Johannes  habet.  In  Langetorp  cum  berewicis  Rovejlon ,  AJcheltorp  funt  ad  geldum “  xii.  carucate  et  dimidia,  wafta  eft. Cc  In  Benedlage  ad  geldum  ii.  carucate,  wafta  eft.  Berewite  in  Beureli  et  HoldorneJJe  per- “  tinentes  ad  archiepifcopum. tc  In  Wagene  ii.  carucate  et  ii.  bovate  ad  geldum.  In  Wale  ii.  carucate  ad  geldum.  In tc  Fichelun  xii.  bovate  ad  geldum.  In  Afch.  ii.  carucatead  geldum.  Hoc  non  eft  in  Holdernejje. “  In  EJlroch  i.  carucata  ad  geldum.  He  berewite  funt  fandti  Johannis ,  et  funt  in  Holder - “  nejfe ,  Uth  hundret. “  In  Welwic  iiii.  carucate  ad  geldum,  et  in  Wdeton  ii.  carucate,  et  v.  bovate  ad  geldum. “  In  Grimejtone  ii.  carucate  ad  geldum,  wafta  eft.  In  Monewic  ii.  carucate  ad  geldum.  In “  Otringeham  vi.  carucate  et  dimidia,  Milh-bundret. “  Billetone  iii.  carucate  ad  geldum.  In  Sanlriburtone  v.  carucatead  geldum. cc  In  Neutone  iii.  carucate  ad  geldum.  In  Flintone  vi.  bovate  ad  geldum.  In  Danetorp  i. “  carucata  ad  geldum.  In  Witfornewinc  i.  carucata  ad  geldum.  In  Rulha  xv.  bovate  ad  gel- *c  dum.  In  eadem  villa  aufertdrogo  fantto  Johanni  ii.  carucatas,  que  et  wafta  eft.  In  Sud- “  tone  ix.  bovate  ad  geldum.  In  Sotecote  i.  carucata  ad  geldum.  In  Drilpol  iii.  bovate,  et “  foca  luper  v.  bovatis,  hec  wafta  eft. NORD  PUNDR6T. “  In  Coledun  ix.  carucate  ad  geldum.  In  Rigon  dimidia  carucata  ad  geldum,  wafta  eft. “  In  Siglejlorne  viii.  carucate  ad  geldum.  In  Catingewic  i.  carucata  ad  geldum.  In  Brantif- “  burtone  1.  carucate  ad  geldum.  In  Levene  vi.  carucate  ad  geldum. P.  55 2.  “  After  the  houfes,  &c.  in  the  jurifdidtion  of  the  dean  and  chapter,” 1  he  dean  and  chapter’s  court  and  prifon  is  kept  on  the  north-fide,  and  contiguous  to  the great  gate  of  the  dole,  oppofite  to  Lop-lane.  Here  all  criminal  and  judicial  caufes  are tryed  by  the  dean  and  the  juftices  of  peace  for  the  liberty  of  St.  Peter.  A  table  of  lees  re¬ lating  to  this  court,  is  fallen  into  my  hands,  made  in  the  time  of  William  Ballherjb\\  clerk of  the  court,  admitted  fo  by  the  king’s  letters  patents,  Nov.  21,  1 677.  and  n  ay  roc  be improper  here  to  infert. 8  P 1 Fees Ixjri APPENDIX. tees  to  the  Jteward  and  clerk  :n  6/.  Peter’;  court. EVery  plaint  and  a&ion  entering,  and  writ  thereon,  or  without  writ For  every  diftrefs  and  every  caption  -  -  -  — For  writ  attorn’  in  a&ions  of  cafe  -  - ,  - For  writ  attorn’ in  debt  -  ■  .  _  . _ _ For  copy  of  every  declaration  - - —  - - .  - It  contract,  for  every  contract  after  the  firft  - -  - -  — If  fheets,  for  every  fheet  _  _  _ For  every  order  in  eje&ment  -  — .  - Fer  every  rule  to  declare  of  plead  _  _ :  _ For  entering  an  order  -  -  - - For  copy  thereof For  every  default  by  non-fummons,  cognizance,  or  the  like  - For  copy  of  every  fpecial  pleading  * -  -  - For  every  general  ilTue  -  -  - - For  every  judgment  -  -  -  — For  every  procefs  after  judgment,  as  caja ,  fifa,  fcifay  —  — For  allowing  a  plea  in  arrelt  of  judgment  - -  - . For  copy  thereof  - .  -  r For  drawing  up  fpecial  verdict  and  copy  -  - For  copy  of  every  record  - - -  . - .  - , For  copy  ot  every  plaint  -  -  ...  — - For  every  fearch  _ _  _  - For  every  efioign  upon  a  plaint  ....  —  _ For  every  efioign  at  the  court-leet  -  - For  every  certificate  out  of  the  charter  -  * - For  allowing  a  writ  of  error  -  -  _ _  . _ JFor  certiorari  or  habeas  corpus  cum  caufa  . -  r For  every  vefa,  et  habitojur.  -  -  - For  every  al.  habito  jur.  - - -  - - —  _ _ _ For  every  warrant  tor  witnefies  -  - . For  fuperfedeas  to  an  execution  -  . - For  fuperfedeas  to  an  ordinary  procefs  - -  - . For  every  protedlion  or  privilege  : -  - -  - For  every  liberate  -  —  —  .  _ _ For  every  replevin  - - -  - - For  dividing  every  adtion  - -  . - -  — — For  every  nonfuit  _ _ _  . _  _ _ For  renewing  any  judicial  procefs - - - - For  copy  of  any  judical  procefs  - -  -  - For  every  venditioni  exponas.  —  - -  - For  every  fpecial  imparlance  - -  - - Bailiff's  fees  in  St.  Peter’s. Chief  bailiff.  For  every  defendant  in  fummons  - For  every  arreft  . - —  -  — For  every  gaol  fee  — -  ■ For  every  tryal  upon  the  firft  appointment  - If  a  caufe  be  appointed  though  not  tryed  - -  — For  every  al.  habito  jur.  -  - Deputies  fees  in  St.  Peter’;. Of  the  plaintiff  in  fummons  or  arreft,  every  name  - Out  of  2  ;.  4 d.  taken  for  arreft,  the  chief  bailiff  allows  his  deputy For  warning  every  jury  -  - - -  — For  keeping  a  jury  - -  ..  . — Fee  from  the  plaintiff  upon  a  judicial  procefs  - - The  like  in  St.  Mary’;,  except For  the  return  of  venire  facias  and  habito  - For  every  al.  habito  jur.  .. .  _ _ To  the  deputy  bailiff. Oi  the  plaintiff  every  name  in  fummons _  _ — . Warning  every  jury  -  -  - l.  s.  d. oo  oo  io oo  oo  08 oo  oo  04 00  00  02 00  01  00 00  00  04 00  00  04 00  01  00 00  00  04 00  00  04 ©o  00  04 00  00  04 00  01  00 00  00  04 00  02  08 00  00  08 00  01  00 00  01  00 00  00  08 00  06  08 00  00  04 00  00  04 00  00  02 00  00  04 00  02  06 00  12  05 00  04  10 00  01  04 00  00  08 00  00  08 00  02  04 00  00  04 00  00  08 00  00  04 00  03  04 00  00  08 00  00  04 00  00  08 00  00  08 00  00  08 00  02  00 00  00  08 00  01  08 00  07  00 00  05  00 00  04  00 OO  02  00 00  00  04 00  00  08 00  01  00 00  00  04 00  01  00 00  04  00 OO  02  00 00  00  08 00  00  04 P.  555 ■ Ixxii APPENDIX, ; p.  555.  S-ett.  penult.  u  prohibited  the  bearing  the  enfigns  of  authority  in  the  church.” The  king's  letter  that  the  lord-mayor  Jhall  not  hear  his  enfigns  in  the  churchy  and  for  receiving  the communion ,  &c.  ( z ) CHARLES,  R. “Right  trullie  and  well-beloved  and  truftie  and  well-beloved,  we  greet  you  well. “  Whereas  for  the  prefervation  of  the  folemnity  of  divine  fervice  in  fome  of  our  cathedral “  churches,  and  for  the  good  of  the  inhabitants  of  thofe  cities,  we  have  required  the  mayor, “  aldermen,  and  their  companies,  to  frequent  thofe  holy  places  upon  Sundays  and  holidays “  with  all  due  reverence  ;  and  that  they  be  there  at  the  beginning  of  divine  fervice,  and  at “  their  going  out  anil  coming  in,  and  whilft  they  are  there,  carry  themfelves  fo  as  becom- “  eth  them  in  obedience  to  the  canons  of  the  church  and  the  cuftoms  of  thofe  cathedrals ;  re- “  quiring  alfo  the  mayors  of  thofe  cities,  that  they  fhall  not  ufe  the  enfigns  of  their  autho- “  lity  within  our  laid  cathedral  churches  ;  that  hereafter  the  diftindt  liberties  and  privileges “  granted  by  our  royal  progenitors  to  thofe  feveral  bodies  be  inviolably  kept.  We  there- “  fore  calling  the  fame  gracious  eye  upon  our  cathedral  and  metropolitical  church  of  St.  Pe- “  ter  in  our  citie  of  Pork,  to  have  it  regulated  in  like  manner,  do  hereby  require  you  accor- “  ding  to  your  feveral  duties,  to  take  care  for  the  due  performance  of  all  the  fiid  orders  in “  that  church.  And  further  that  as  well  you  the  lord-mayor,  and  alfo  the  recorder  and  al- “  dermen,  at  fome  folemn  times  every  year,  fhall  receive  the  holy  communion  in  the  laid “  cathedral  church  of  Fork,  to  manifeft  your  conformitie  to  the  orders  ellablilhed  in  the  laid “  church. “  Given  under  our  fignet  at  our  court  at  Greenwich  the  fecond  day  of  July ,  in  the  thir- “  teenth  year  of  our  reign,  1637. “  'To  our  right  trujlie  and  well-beloved  the  lord-mayor “  of  our  citie  of  York,  and  to  our  trujlie  and  well- “  beloved  the  recorder  and  aldermen  of  the  faid  citie." Ibid.  Sett.  ult.  “  But  that  fjolp  cljurcfj,  &cf* The  mandate,  in  its  original  Latin ,  runs  in  thefe  words: De  querela  civium  Ebor.  verfus  decanum  et  capilulum  Ebor.  (a) “  Y>  EX  decano  et  capit.  S.  Petri  Ebor.  filutem.  Ex  querelis  majoris  et  civium  noil. iV  “  Ebor.  frequenter  intelleximus,  quod  ufurpaftis  vobis  placita  de  laicis  feodis  et  de “  catallis  et  debitis  que  non  funt  de  teliamento  vel  matrimonio,  et  alia  jura  et  libertates  in “  predidta  civitate  ad  majorem  et  ballivos  noftros  ejufdem  civitatis  fpedlantes,  nec  permiferi- “  tis  cuftodes  menfurarum  noil.  in  eadem  civitate  probare  menfuras  in  terris  quas  dicitis  efle “  ve liras  nec  eas  figno  noitro  fignare,  fed  figno  adulterino  eas  facitis  fignari  ;  etiam  non  per- “  mittitis  eofdem  cives  capere  namia  hominum  veil,  pro  debitis  fuis  fecundum  tenorem  carte “  nolire  quam  inde  habent,  in  qua  nec  homines  veil,  nec  alii  excipiuntur.  Etiam  appropria- “  ftis  vobis  homines  noil,  et  omnia  placita  eorum  tenetis  in  curia  vellra  vi  excommunicationis “  ratione  terrarum  in  quibus  manent,  nec  permittitis  ballivos  noil,  predial,  civitatis  ingredi  ter- “  ras  quas  dicitis  efieveftras,  licet  non  fint,  ad  debita  noil,  lcvanda  nec  ad  latrones  feu  male- “  fadlores  capiend.  et  arreftandos.  Set  fi  terras  veil.  ad  hoc  fine  licentia  vellra  ingrediantur  et “  gravaminibus  predidlis  pro  jure  noil,  falvand.  fe  appofuerint,  (latim  in  eos,  aJTenfu  nollro “  irrequifito  de  emendis  faciendis,  fententiam  excommunicationis  promulgari  facitis,  nec  earn “  pro  aliquo  mandato  noil,  relaxare  curatis,  nifi  prellito  facramento  de  reparando  juri  ecclefia- “  llico.  Cum  igitur  premifia  in  jurium  noil,  prejudicium  non  modicum  et  dignitatis  regis “  maximam  cedat  lefionem,  et  per  literas  noil,  frequenter  requifiti  fueritis  quod ab  hujufmodi “  exndtionibus  et  ufurpationibus  defiftatis,  vos  iterate  monendos  duximus  exhortandos,  man- “  dantesquatenus  majorem  et  ballivos  et  cives  predict,  immo  nosjuribus  et  libertatibus  prius “  ufitatis  in  civitate  predict  gaudere  pacifice  permittentes,  decetero  nihil  attemptetis  quod  in “jurium  noil,  cedat  prejudicium,  fententiam  excommunicationis  fi  quam  in  ballivos  et  cives “  predidt.occafione  predial,  promulgari  redditis  finedilatatione  revocantes,  fecuri  indubitanter “  quod  nifi  feceritis  diutius  non  fultinere  non  poterimus,  ficut  nec  debemus,  quin  de  tantis  excef- “  fibus  et  injuriis  nobis  illatis  que  non  folum  in  exheredationem  noil,  fet  etiam  in  dedecus  noil. “  et  opprobrium  redundant,  gravifilmam  vindidtum  qualem  debemus  capiemus.  Injunximus “  etiam  majori  et  ballivis  predict,  jura  et  libertates  noil,  illefas  propolTefuoconferventet  firmi- “  ter  ex  parte  noft.  inhiberi  facitis  ne  aliqui  de  civitate  predial,  coram  vobis  compareant  in  cu- “  ria  vellra  ad  refpondend.  de  aliquibus  pertinentibus  ad  coronam  et  dignitatem  noltram. “  Telle  rege  apud  Weftm.  xix.  die  Feb. “  Eodem  modo  mandatum  eft  abbati  beate  Marie  Ebor.  et  priori  S.  Trinitatis  Ebor.  et  ma- “  giftro  hofpital.  S.  Leonardi  Ebor.  to  excepto  quod  literis  iltis  nihil  fit  mentio  de  fententia “  excommunicationis  lata  in  majorem  cives  et  ballivos  ejufdem  civitatis,  nec  quod  predict. “  abbas  prior  et  magifter  alias  requifiti  fuerint  per  literas  regis  quod  ab  hujufmodi' exadtio- nibus  defiftant. “  Telle  ut  fupra. (z)  Regift,  of  leafes  begin.  1 62 f.  135,^. (a)  Chutf.  ^9  Hen  111 >.  17.  dor  Jo,  1255. P.572. tf if lxxiii APPENDIX. P-572.  Sell.  7.  “  Waller  Gray ,  archbilhop  of  Turk,  with  the  conCent  a chapter  firft  ordained  the  college  of  vicars  choral,  £*.’*  *  °f  the  dean  and The  original  inftrument,  ftill  preferved  amonaft  ’the  archive  ,  , cured  a  copy  Of;  which  I  think  worthy  a  Dlare forth*? n  r  thls  bodX.  I  have  pro- Waller  Gray’s  feal  appendant  is  alfo  drawn'  wi’th  the  feaUhe^fiM  h“'T  'S  thefe and  the  reader  may  fin'd  them  in  the  plate  of  fels  a^entof' ^  °f “  concedendis  et  quomodolibet  deputatis  vel  etiam  dennranT,. ■ ,phs  vicarns  conceffis city  inclofed,  with  the  river  running  thronch  >  k  m  r  rude  rePrefen  ration  of  the :lT3fno^rtt“i- hereafter  ^r2L^Sr  f  "  bf°^  Wh°  « Mr -Caftey.  L  deputy  “brarian?!^^  "  **  *"  8-vcn  m. a  book  lately publilhedYy I  he  heads  in  my  lord  Oxford's  manufcript  are  thefe : De  origin e  et  prima  fundatione  ecc.  cath.  Ebor.  Gul  Mon Ven.  Bed.  degeft.  Angl.  et  H.  Hunt. W.  Malmf.  de  regibus. Alfrid.  Beverlac.  thefaur. Bulla  beati  Gregorii  pap. Bull  a  Honor,  pap. Bulla  Cuhxc.  pap.  continent  fent.  pro  Bert.  ecc.  Ebor. rnvtlegtum  deferendi  crucem  el  regem  coronandi Super  ecdem  Honor,  papa. n  1  1  „  In  Vtssuus. Prologue  de  or.  et  ftatu  Ebor.  eccl. Per  quern  et  quando  civitas  Ebor.  and,  eft De  erellione  tempi,  Metr.  et  creatione  arch,  'flam De  prim.  fund.  eccl.  Ebor.  et  confecral.  arch. No, a  quod  eccl.  dehor,  prim.  fund,  full  de  heal.  virg.  Maria De  caufa  et  temp.  pnm.  advent.  Angl.  in  Brit.  * Defecunda  reparation  eccl.  per  regem  Aurel.  et  S.  Sampfon  arch De  tertia  reparation  per  regem.  Arthurum  et  Pyram  arch tauja  amiftioms  regni  Brit,  et  de  Tadiaco  arch De  occaftone  commijfionit  Anglor.  per  heat.  Gre»or De  occaftone  Northanhumb.  £*.  per  Paulin,  et  Edwin  regem De  defenftone fedis  et  eccl.  per  mag.  Wilfrid,  arch  S  ' De  recuperation  Pallii  per  Egbert,  archiep. n  lx£n‘\  dat'  fer  rtS.em  Athelft.  et  alios. De  Will.  baft,  duce  Norman. De  reformation  eccleftae  dig.  et  prebend,  per  Thom.  arch. De  fentent  Albert  ecclefiae  obtent.  per  S.  Thurft.  arch. De  rege  W.  conquef. De  fuff  rag  an.  in  provincia  eccl.  Ebor. De  advent.  Scotor.  in  Brit. Nomina  quorund.  fuffragan.  profeffor. Conclufio  inveftiva. Bulla  Innocent,  pap  epift  Scotiae  in  genere  direbla. Fri£\  A^rian'  iire?‘,°mn'  e^'  Scotiae  tn  fptcie  et  nominatim Pp'fifp-  Scotiae  quod,  obedtanl  metrop.  fuae  Ebon  arch eg,  Scotiae  quod  ,pfe  et  epif.  pareant  Eborac./w  arcbiepifcopc. (t)  Catalog,  Hirer.  MSS.  in  Anglia,  <?,.  2  fit.  Oxon  1697 Recognita APPENDIX. Recognita  reg.  Scot.  fiper  fubjeCf.  epif.  Scotiae  Ebor.  eccl.  debit  a* Recog.  clavi  regis  Mannie  et  infularum. Supplicatio  regis  Orcadum  decano  et  cap.  Ebor. Recog.  comitis  Orchad. Carta  regis  Athelftani. Carla  regis  Edwii. Carta  Edgari  regis. Carta  Knuti  regis. Carta  S.  Ed.  conf.  regis. In  Mr.  Torre's  mod  painful  colledlions  relating  to  this  church,  at  the  beginning  of  one  of  the manufeript  volumes  is  placed  an  exadl  lift  or  catalogue  of  all  the  regifters,  CfjV.  belonging  to  it, from  whence  he  has  extra  died  his  memoirs,  and  to  which  his  notes  of  books  and  pages  refer. The  following  is  an  abftract,  from  the  lame  records,  made  by  Dr.  Comber ,  then  precentor of  this  church,  but  afterwards  dean  of  Durham.  A  copy  of  this,  taken  from  the  original by  himfelf,  was  communicated  to  me  by  my  very  ingenious  friend,  and  brother  antiqua¬ ry,  Mr.  Samuel  Gale  ■,  amongft  many  more  papers  of  great  notice  already  made  ufe  of  in this  work.  This  alfo,  may  be  of  fervice  to  any  future  hiftorian  who  lhall  attempt  to  write on  the  affairs  of  the  church  or  diocefe  of  York. Collections  out  of  the  regifters  belonging  to  the  archbijhops  of  York  in  the  office  of  the  regijter  of  the archbijhop  anno  1699.  Ex  chartis  T.  Comber  precentor. Regifr.  Walt.  Grey,  1224. The  archbifhop  makes  ftatutes  for  refidence  at  Southwell. Indulgences  towards  the  building  a  new  bridge  at  York.  •  ■  ■  ■  Oufe-bridge. Fulco  Baffiet  provoft  of  Beverley,  1225. Indulgences  for  building  the  cathedral. A  conteft  about  the  patronage  of  Thornton ,  p.  42. Durham  fee  void,  the  archbifhop  prefents  to  Elleden. Robert  Rofs  grants  Ribfton  to  the  templars. Jo.  Romanus  can.  Ebor.  founds  the  lubdeanery,  and  endows  it  with  Prejlon  1228.  p.  126. Archd.  of  Richmond  patron  of  St.  Sampfon's  in  York,  46. Napleton  and  other  churches  annex’d  to  the  dignitarians,  220.  Rotul.  minor.  40 - - William  de  Ebor.  provoft  of  Beverley ,  1241. Regijlr.  W.  de  Giffard. A  cane  meafure  is  eleven  foot  long. Michelburgh  annexed  to  the  archdeacon  of  Ebor. Several  penfions  fecured  out  of  this  diocefe  to  cardinals  and  others  at  Rome.  —  Out  of  fever  al Regifters » 1272.  The  archbifhop  had  then  fifty  two  knights  fees  and  two  parts  of  one,  befides  his oxgangs  and  carucates  in  Kefteven ,  Wejlrid  and  Northumberland ,  p.  7,  8. The  archbifhop  payeth  one  thoufand  marks  annuatim  towards  the  debts  of  his  church. 1275.  Articles  of  the  archbilhop’s  vifitation  of  his  prov.  diocefs. Regiflr.  de  Wickwaine. 1279.  The  Bilhop  of  Durham  fwears  obedience  to  the  archbifhop,  the  prior  and  cov.  pro- teft  againft  it. A  ftrife  betwixt  the  archbifhops  about  carrying  up  the  crofs  in  the  diocefe  of  Canter¬ bury ,  1280.  etiam  fol.  3  8 . Archbifhop  excommunicates  the  prior  of  Durham,  complains  of  the  difobedience  of the  bifhop  of  Durham. The  archbifhop  vifits  the  chapter,  but  declares  he  will  not  prejudice  their  liberties, which  he  had  engaged  to  defend,  fol.  33. 12S1 .  An  order  made  formerly  by  Thurftan  archbifhop,  that  the  profits  of  a  prebend  Ihould, for  one  year  go  to  pay  the  debts  of  the  deceafed  prebendary. An  enquiry  after  papers  to  prove  the  archbilhop’s  jurifdidion  over  Durham. The  church  ornaments  let  out  to  women  in  child-bed. Durham  void,  the  archbifhop  confirms  A.B.  priorels  of  Halyfton. 1283.  The  archbifhop  gives  five  hundred  and  two  oxen,  fcfc.  to  the  fucceffor,  and  of  the king  fede  vac  ante. Whcnby  appropriated  to  the  nuns  of  Mofeby. Articles  of  complaint  by  the  clergy  exhibited  in  parliament,  and  the  king’s  anfvver, fol.  54. A  bayliff  by  the  king’s  command  beheadeth  fcveral  clerks  taken  in  a  robbery,  the  arch¬ bifhop  excommunicates  the  bayliff. S  The Lxxiv -t-T*//* 4 Ixxv  APPENDIX. The  minifter  of  Simpringham  fwears  obedience  to  the  archbilhop  for  his  churches See  1294. A  Recital  of  appropriations - half  of  Micbeljburg  to  the  archd.  of  Tork,  Wiver thorp to  the  com.  temp.  IV.  Grey  '  1 T,  Regijlr.  Jo.  Romani. j,  '2  56.  A  compofition  betwixt  the  archbilhop  and  prior  of  Durham  fede  vacmte,  about  the jurifdi&ion. Henry  bilhop  of  Whithern  fwears  obedience. JVtlliam  Rotherfield  dean  of  York. Several  Provifors. The  vicar  of  Tb.  inftituted  in  the  vacancy  ■,  inftituted  de  novo. Wetton  near  Oily  granted  to  York,  in  nugmentum  luminationum ,  a  record. Dnljlon  fettled  —  a  third  part  of  it  for  twelve  poor  fcholars. The  archbilhop  expoftulates  with  the  bifhop  of  Durham  for  feveral  injuries,  and  de- figns  to  excommunicate  him.  V.  A.  Beck. 1289.  The  archbifhop  inhibits  P.  de  Tb.  to  fue  in  his  diocefe  for  goods  recovered  on  an  ap- peal  to  Canterbury.  1 The  Jews  ordered  by  the  king  to  depart  the  realm. The  facrifty  of  the  chapel  of  our  lady  and  the  angel  to  be  given  to  one  that  would  re- fide. The  archbifhop  degrades  certain  clerks  by  pulling  off  their  furplices  —  exaufforizamus te  ab  or  dine  pfalmijlatus,  fol.  80. 1 293.  A  new  taxation  of  benefices  for  the  king’s  going  to  the  holy  war. J.  Roman ,  treafurer  of  York ,  the  archbifhop  was  his  executor. T  he  archbifhop  and  dean  in  perfon,  the  chapter  by  one  proxy,  the  clergy  by  two furnmoned  to  Wejlminjler.  See  fuch  funvnons.  * The  king  of  Scots  defires  the  archbilhop  not  to  confecrate  the  bifhop  of  Whithern  or Kirkenbright . Qc  Elenor  died  in  Clifton  parilh,  and  a  chantry  there  inftituted  for  her  foul The  preb.  of  Billon  founded,  but  not  to  partake  of  the  Communia,  till  he  or  his  fuccef- fors  had  given  twenty  pounds  per  annum  to  the  Commune,  1294.  See  1295 4 Regijlr.  Henrici  deNewerck. 1297.  A  convoc.  for  a  fubfidy  for  a  confirmation  of  Magna  Charta  and  de  Forejla ,  °ranted in  the  prov.  of  Canterbury,  denied  in  the  prov,  of  2ork. The  chapter  elect  William  de  Hambleton  dean,  upon  the  archbifhop’s  promotion,  pro¬ ving  that  they  did  not  intend  to  hinder  the  pope’s  provifor  of  Fr.  card,  of  d William  Hambleton,  dean,  inftitutes  a  prieft  to  the  chapel  of  St.  Mary's,  in  the  church¬ yard  of  St.  Columbus  at  Topclijf.  The  chapel  was  founded  by  Roger  dean  of  2~ork,  1222. Regijlrum  de  Greenfeld  et  Melton. William  de  Gr.  Abp.  appropriates  Brodfwortb  to  the  Commune. Robert  the  dean,  &c. Robert  de  Pykering,  dean,  founded  the  hofpital  of  St.  Mary's  in  Bootham. 1 3  37-  S’tm*  de  Beck ,  precentor,  and  A.  de  K.  fettle  a  compofition  about  Ufeburn The  preb.  of  H.  let  his  houfe  in  Uggleforth. ft  ftp Regijlr.  de  la  Zouch  et  Thoresby. 1342.  The  profits  of  the  deanry  vacant,  viz.  2  35/.  13  s.  4  d.  paid  to  the  chapter. *343-  The  archbilhop  vifits  according  to  the  compofition  made  with  archbifhop  Melton See  Yhorejby,  1356,  1362,  1375,  1409,  1534. All  the  prebends  of  York  then  declared  facerdotal. The  precentor  ftiall  examine  choirifters,  and  chufe  the  choirifters,  lUc. The  archbilhop  gives  to  the  nine  canon  relidentiaries  to  each  of  them  two  oaks  in  his wood  of  Langwath ,  together  with  the  faggots  of  the  faid  oaks  felled. ■  Libera  novem  refidentiariis  canonicis  in  ecclcfia  nojlra  Ebor.  cuilibet  eorum  duas  querensin bofeo  nojlro  de  Langwath,  una  cum  fagot tis  earundem  quercuum  proftrat.  quas  pro  libc- rata  fua  hac  via  de  nojlra  gratia  dedimus  fpeciali  1 5  Junii  1 3 43.  Dr.  Hutton's  collect 1346.  A  great  dearth. The  Infpeximuse ntred  at  large  in  the  firft  book,  p.^i. Several  chantries,  by  whom  founded. Licence  granted  to  the  archbilhop  to  found  a  chapel  on  the  fouth-fide  of  the  cathedral Archbilhop  Zouch  died  July  19. I  he  treafurer  and  others  fent  to  beg  leave  of  the  king  to  chufe,  anno  1373. I  he  treafurer  and  H.  de  Ingleby  (decanus  in  remotis )  diocefan  proxies  for  parliament Hugo  Peregrine,  vie.  gen.  to  Yadlerand  the  dean  —  qttere. "I  he  fub-dcan  and  luccentor  prefented  for  non-refidence,  13 56,  1362. The APPENDIX. The  vicars  prcfented  for  coming  in  after  Gloria  Patri. Proxies  for  pari.  1 357l  1360,  1369,  1370,  1375,  6,7,8. A  convocation  for  the  repair  of  the  fabrick. A  twentieth  part  of  all  prebends  taxed  to  the  repair  of  the  fabrick. ,  T(^1ncw  choir  begun,  the  archbilhop  gave  his  old  palace  at  Sherburn  towards  it 1304.  1  he  chapter’s  table  augmented. The  chapter  vifits  the  priefts  and  vicars. F°recehtorsdred  ^  ^  ^  deanry  and  Freb'  of  Slmfd  Paid  t0  the  P°pe’s 1368  Each  refidentiary  to  have  off  Langwith  two  oaks,  five  hundred  faggots  per  annum. A  hit  ot  all  the  benefices  belonging  to  the  church  of  York  lent  to  the  kinc A  proxy  for  convocation.  ° 1373.  Thcrrejby  deceafed,  leave  begged  of  the  king  to  chufe,  in  the  king’s  breve  none named,  Decemb.  12.  Nevil  choien  and  fent  to  the  kin<y. Grimoald  de  Grifant ,  card.  dean. (Nevil,  Bowel,  Kemp,  Rotheram.) 1 3  So.  1  he  houfes  near  the  archbifhop’s  palace  were  given  by  Rover  Peflvr Mijlerton  annexed  to  the  fabrick.  A  ^ 13S 1.  I  he  deanry  under  fequeftration  to  the  king  for  five  years Tbo.  de  Eaton  card.  S.  Cecil  admitted  D.  of  York,  1381. The  pope  demands  the  profits  of  the  deanry. 13S5.  Dr.  St  afford  dean, Archbijhop  Arundel’j  Regift.  v.  infra. T  ndor™^’  treafurer  and  tbree  refidentiaries  prefent  at  archbilhop  Bowel's  vifi- _1  he  chapter  vifit  the  church,  all  dignities  and  prebends  called,  abfents  noted dhe  lub  dean,  penitentiary  of  the  church  and  city,  prefented  for  non-refidenev 1410.  I  he  library. 1416.  The  deanry  void  Jo.Prophet  deceafed.  Tbo.  Bolton fucceeded  1416. 1421.  I  lie  archbilhop  being  fick  chufes  coadjutors. IV.  Grey  dean. "“S!:  difP°red  °f  the  ^  and  ChapKr  in  **  «™s.  See  the The  crofs  delivered  to  the  new  archbilhop  Kemp I437i  ^w  the.deanrdJmPniflfth  thcvi“rs.  and  they  fwear obedience  to  him Sx.mham  s  crofs  demanded  of  archbilhop  Kemp ,  now  removed  to  Cant.' J454-  T  he  chapter  fwear  canonical  obedience  to  the  dean  after  his  confirmation .Procurators  to  a  convocation  fummoned  by  archbilhop  Nevil.  See  i486 J474-  A  vicar  fufpended  three  weeks  for  abfence  without  leave. Rich.  Andrews  dean,  refigns,  Rob.  Booth  chofen. 1 479-  The  precedence  of  the  refidentiaries  Hated  by  an  aft  of  chapter j  488  The  vicars  not  under  the  archbilhop,  but  under  the  chapter Urfick  dean  1488.  ' M93‘  SgiS?4  his  refidence  allow’d,  though  he  had  kept  in  two  days  of  the Dr0ng&°.rderS  thC  CkrkS  °f  the  Veftry  and  the  facrifts’  t0  d;vide  herfe-cloths  a- Ja,m  Harrington,  dean,  refigns  the  fubdeanry  to  the  chapter,  they  name  Knols  fub- Did"gtnharies°  ^  ref‘denCe’  ”  the  fta!'S  °f the'r  prebend’  but  in  the  of  their The  dean  fick  in  his  major  refidence,  difpenfed  with  from  coming  to  church 5  L  slVLn  t0  Dr -Langton,  though  in  refidence,  to  travel  three  years. „  .  ,  Out  of  the  renders. 1512.  Convocation  and  proxies. Harrington  deceafed,  Machelmo.it  cuftos  decanatm 1514.  The  deanry  void  the  precentor  alone  orders  a  new  eleffion. A  comm, (lion  from  the  refidentiary  to  vifit  the  Bedhern. Card.  Bambndge  names  B.Higden  dean,  the  chapter  refufe  him  becaufe  not  of  their  bo- dy  and  chapter ,  fo  made  preb.  of  Ulfjkelf,  then  admitted. The  Eiwl  ZUhl°\  n0t  fittinS  in  hisPrcb-  fta11  in  refidence The  ar chbifhopr ick  void,  the  king  prefents  prebends. prebld!!  arChblfll°P’  the  Chapter  Pr°tdh  aSainlt  his  undue  and  new  way  of  giving .i1,,  Dr-  Stubs,  &c.  proxies  of  convocation 153a.  1  he  king’s  vifitation  on  the  chapter  by  Tbo.  Leigh. lxxvi /tecdi*' — P) /if*'!  E of/  " 7 ~t~^d  aN/d  * -4- 4 King i  B'.i  M 'jftr/*. _ '  :il. lxxvii  APPENDIX. King  Henry  the  eighth’s  letter  to  allow  Dr.  Layton  the  profits  of  refidence  before  he  came down. The  chapter  (after)  demurs  upon  the  doftor’s  refidence.  —  Dr.  Layton  vacates  the  old oaths,  takes  new  ones. The  new  ftatutes  of  Henry  VIII.  publillied. Dr.  Layton  warns  a  convocation  at  Martins. Clunteries  in  the  minfter,  thirty  feven  in  number. j Regifirum  imperfeftum.  Aft-Book,  NoV.  n,  1565,  as  afore. 1544.  The  form  of  ele&ing  a  new  dean. Archbifhop  Holgate  vifits  by  authority  of  the  king’s  great  feal. The  archbifhop  declares  a  vifitation  according  to  the  compofition. 1547.  A  commiffion  from  king  Edward  VI.  to  confirm  the  dean  and  chapter’s  jurifdi&ion. The  king’s  commiffioners  to  vifit  the  church  of  York. Edward  Vi’s  injun&ions  to  the  dean  and  chapter. Divers  prebends  excluded,  others  prefented  by  queen  Mary ,  jure  coronas. Regifttum  imperfeftum ,  temp.  N.  Heath,  ab  anno  1544.  ad  1 565. V.  p.  126.  (The  Aft-Book  beginning  1 565.) 1567.  The  form  of  chufing  the  fubchantor. 1568.  Archbilhop  Young  dies,  the  jurifdi&ion  affumed. 1571.  Archbifhop  Grindalt s  inhibition  in  order  to  vifit. 1572.  The  table  for  preachers  courfes. The  precentor’s  grant  of  the  next  turn  of  Odington  to  M.  confirmed  by  the  chapter. 1580.  The  prebends  enjoined  to  keep  all  in  good  repair. Archbifhop  Sands  vifiteth. 1587.  The  dean  and  chapter  vifit  their  jurifdi<5tion. 1588.  York  and  Durham  both  void,  the  dean  and  chapter  grant  a  commiffion  to  T.  M.  to exercife  jurifdiftion  there. 1589.  Archbifhop  Piers. 1591.  A  pew  ordered  for  the  wives  of  the  lord-mayor. 1595.  Archbifhop  Hutton's  vifitation. 1604.  The  grand  chapter  (Nov.  11.)  held  at  Ejkrig ,  becaufe  of  the  plague  in  York.  Arch¬ bifhop  Hutton  deceafeth. .  .  /  a  A  decree  to  keep  a  refid.  place  for  And.  Byng  imployed  then  in  tranflating  the  bible. /la  .  Archbifhop  Matthews  vifits  the  dean  and  chapter. 1612.  A  long  conteft  about  Dr.  Bank's  keeping  relid.  compofed  Oft.  3,  1614. 1617.  A  feat  in  the  cathedral  decreed  for  the  archbifhop. »  1622.  The  archdeacons  feated. The  dean  and  chapter  vifit  their  jurifdi&ion. Archbilhop  Matthews  deceafed. Harfenet  archbifhop. Neal  archbifhop. The  archdeacon  of  York  removeth  to  the  feat  of  the  archdeacon  of  the  Eaft-riding  when the.  mayor  is  at  church,  but  the  mayor  firfl  renounceth  all  claim  of  right  to  the  feat, Jan.  25,  1633. Ex  librograndi  qui  infcribitur  et  notatur  Waggen  et  Sutton  ab  anno  cioccccxxix. Totus  fere  completur  traftatione  unites  caufae  de  jure  fepulturae  Waghen  et  Sutton.  Wag- hen  annexa  et  incorporata  cancellariae  eccl.  Ebor.  Or din  at  io  ejufdem  capellae  de  Wag- hen. Archiep.  Arundel,  regiftr.  ab  anno  1388. 1394.  Convocatio ,  variae  dilationes,  procuratoria,certificatorium  ;  the  fame  are  in  the  regifter  of Durham. Ex  libro  adborum  incipiente  ab  anno  1427,  et  definente  ad  an.  1504. P.  1.  Inthronizatio  arcbiepifcopi  Joannis. 2.  M.  Wil.  Petifon  refidentiarius  capitulum  faciens. 6.  Prate]} alio  cum  juramento  de  regrejfu  ad praeb.  depojlam ,  ft  praebenda  nunc  acceptanda  per pont.  Rom.  fuerit  jam  alteri  collata. 7.  Capitul.  level  fubftdium  omnibus  dignitates  benefcia  parfonatus,  vel  aliqua  ccclefiafica  obti- nentibus ,  impofitum  in  plena  convocat.  confr.  et  concancnicorum ,  ad  novani  fabricam  et tabujam  principalem  fummi  altaris  faciendum. '■  S.  Johannes  Haxy  cancellarius  citat,  capitulo  jubente,  Joannem  Ciceftrenfem  epifcopum  nu- per  cancell.  Ebor.  pro  dilapidalionibtts.  Haec  citatio  dirigitur  ad  archiep.  Cant,  rogando cum,  tfc. 9.  Tho- lxxviii APPENDIX, ')•  Thomas  Haxy  ntiper  thefaurarius  cantariam  fundarat. io.  Ecclefia  S.  Trinit.  in  curia  regis ,  ibidem  altare  P.  el  Pauli  fundatum  per  Ric.  Bar. Capita  him  difpenfat  cum  canonico  refiden.  Londinum  profedluro  pro  necejft.  ecclefiaey  ubi quilibet  canonicus  rcfdentiarius  tenetur  per  vigint.  quat.  Sept,  annuatim  refidere  in  ecclefia ul  jura  et  emol.  refdentia  integre  percipiat  exceptis  archidiaconis. Capitulum  ei  30.  dies  concedit  ita  ut  camerarius  ei  folvat  integram  iftius  termini  fc.  Penlecofles proximae y  de  provenlibus  ecclefae  (quolidianis  diflributionibus  exceptis)  proportionem  pro if  is  diebus ,  ac  fi  refdijfet  per  eofdem  in  dies  30. Clerici  de  vefiibulo  el  facrifiae  habeantur  tarn  in  ecclef.  quam  in  domibus  canonicorum  ul valelliet  inftatu  valetlorum  reputentur  cui  libris  computationum  et folution.  dicuntur  faxtons. 19.  J.  Berningham  eligitur  in  thefaurarium. 33-  P°fea  incipit  refdentiam  non  nominal,  fuam  prebendam  (fed  fe  pacifice  praebendatum  dicil) el petit  ft allum  ad  refdentiam  afignari ,  protefaturque  fe  nec  fuo  ne  fuccejforum  juri  preju- dicaturum  :  affi gnat ur  fl allum  de  Wilton  (v.  ord.  Walt.  Grey  in  fine  libri  flalutorum T/jef. Berningham)  nullam  habuit,  prebendam  praeter  Wilton  annexum  thefaurariae,  cum autem  jam  nemo  nifi  canonicus  pracbendatus  admitteretur  ad  ref  vide  quae  nunc  dijficidta- tcs  fequuntur  ob  defedlum  flalli  praebendalisy  nam  Wilton  fuit  incorporata  tbefaurariae. 37.  Gyfelay,  Ward patronus  Sherburn  reEior. 38.  Decanus  poflulat  a  vicariis  &c.  obedient,  canonicalem  fibi  praefari,  prout  decanis  praede- cejforib.  fuis  praefari  confuevit. Capitulum  refpondet fe  velle  praefari  ipfi  obedient,  et  capitulo  conjunftim  prout  flatuta  et  con- fuel  u dines  ecclefae  exigunt,  &c. N.  hie  capitulum  vult  fibi  ipfi  jurare  quod  efi  atopon ,  alibi  in  alio  libro juratur  decano  in  pri- mo  ingreffus  et  capitulo  feorfim. 38.  Officium  camerarii  conceditur  R.  St.  vicario  cborali,  fub  juramento. 34.  W.  Felter  admit titur  dec.  fine  praebenda  exigit  canonicalem  obedientiam  ab  omnibus  prout praefari  confuevit  praedecejforibus  fuis ;  admittitur  ad  praeb.  de  Apeftorp  eodem  tempore protefatur  de  majori  refdentia  anno  1441.  Protefatur  ut  canonicus  non  ut  decanus. -56.  Berningham  folus  capitulum  facit. 64.  Capitulum  injungit  vicariis  chori  ne  verba  minacia  contra  minfiros  ecclefae  mittant  fub  poena amiffonis  habitas. 72.  Refdentiam  intendo  incipere  hoc  die  et  ipfam  realiter  incipio ,  fc  faepe. W.  Felter  dec.  ref  gnat.  Apefthorp  et  admittitur  ad  Driffeild,  fic  W.  dec.  £5?  capitul.  ho¬ nor  at  if.  viro  W.  Felter  de  cujus  mentis  plenam fiduciam  obtinemus  &c.  admit  timus  et  pro recipientes - ita.  r 82.  Rich.  Andrews  praeb.  de  N.  Newbald  ft  decanus  ;  obedientiam  poflulat ,  conceditur  dec.  et capitulo  conjunftim  facienda.  Proteflat.  ut  canonicus. 90.  Senior  canonicus  refdentiarius  ef  praefdens  capitidi  95.  in  adlib,  capituli. 125.  Procuratorium  pro  dec.  et  capitulo  ad  comparend,  in  convocatione  archi. Certifcatorium  fuper  fummonitione  fadla. 137.  Canonicus  ref.  ad  menfam  fedens  pofi  manus  lotas  tenebatur  convivantibus  cerevifam  per  vica- rium  fuum  benedidlam  femel  bibere. 140.  Vicarius  fufpenditur  ab  habitu  eo  quod  fine  licentia  petit  a  et  obtenta  fe  per  3.  feptim.  abfenta - verat  a  choro  in  grave  periculum  animae. 159.  R.  Andrew  ref  gnat,  decanatum  archiepifcopus  dat  audloritatem  D.  Polman  admittendi  re- fgnationem  extra  capitulum ;  Polman  pronunciat.  refign.  et  capitulo  notificat.  fatuit  ca¬ pitulum  quod  decanus  futurus  folvet  capitido  pro  vacatione  decanatus  ex  provent.  dec.  mar- cas  1.  Robert.  Bowthe  pr.  de  Wetwang  fuccedit  obedientia  eipraefatur per  capitulum. 160.  Inthroniz.  D.  Laur.  archiepifcopi. Decanus  ore  tenus  fuam  potefatem  in  omnibus  in  capitulo  agendis  committit  tribus  refdentia - riis. R.  Bowthe  protefatur  id  canonicus  de  Weftwang.  R.  B.  nominat  ad  ratione  decanatus  pri- mo  bic  nominat.  ( ut  alibi.) Sue  cent  oris  collalio,  rat.  vac.  fedis  archiepifcopalis  ad  capitulum  fpehl  antis. Tunftal  e'ldem  fuc.  annefditur  ab.  dim. 1 70.  Publicatio  Bullarum  de  tranf.  7  .  Rother.  epifeopi  Line,  ad  archiepifcopatum  Ebor.  in  prae- fentia  alderm.  civit.  Ebor.  et  aliorum. 172.  Collatio ,  &c.  per  decanum  ratione  majoris  fuae  refdentiae . Mentio  prima  (in  hoc  libro)  decreti  T.  Rother.  anneclentis  pr.  de  Driffeild  praecentoriae Ebor.  anno  1485^  v.  201.  B. 191*  Procuratorium  dec.  et  cap.  ad  comparendum  in  convocatione  archiepifcopi. 198.  Approbatio  refid.  W.  Sheffield  et  pofi  exam,  vicariorum  et  minifror.  &c. Canonici  ref.  prae  aliis  dignitates  habentibus  decano  excepto  celebrabunt . 204.  Vicarii  —  et  vicarii  dojninorum  refdentiariorum  [ plane  hie  difiinguuntur  quemadmodum diftinguuntur  inftatut.  Sarum]  an  hi  vicarii  chorales ,  illi  dominorum  refdentiariorum. 209.  William  Sheffield  decanus.  Obed.  conjunblim. Urffwic  decanus  ulterius  citatur  per  capitulum  de  dilapidationibus. A-f/fic+'A  a — 7'* 8  R ■U.C 21^.  Will. lxxix APPENDIX. 213.  Will.  Langton  admitlitur  in  praecentorem  hie  nulla  mentio  Driffeild  nec  decreli  ut  wins max  commijfio  jit  vicariis  de  Ufburn  et  Driffeild  ad  inducendum.  Mart.  Collyns  ( /nor - tuo  Langton  J  admitlitur  ad  praec.  et  pr.  Driffeild  eidem  annexam ,  non  feorfim  fed  ut prius  ibid.  p.  225.  aliter  p.  226. Feoda  in  inftallatione  decani  vicar,  et  facerd.  debita  vid.  xl .folidi. 218.  Galf.  Blyth  dec  a.  non  habet  nunc  praeb. 227.  Galf.  Blyth  dicitur  praeb.  de  Strenfal,  fit  epifeopus  Litchfeild. 230.  Parfonae  et  quidam  vie  aril  de  habit  u. 231.  Dignitas  fubdecanatus  vacans  dimittilur  ad  firmam  [arebieptfeopus  folebat  conferred  et  poft haec  confertur. 233.  Procuratorium  (et  public atio  eju/dem)  pro  convocations  archiepifcopi. Liber  ifle  praelettus  plurimas  habet  admifftones  et  pauca  alia. Many  things  relating  to  the  eftate  of  the  college  of  the  Bedern  are  regiftered  in  a  thin  folio paper  book,  in  the  regiftry  of  the  dean  and  chapter. Many  things  relating  to  St.  William's,  college  are  regiftred,  ibid. All  the  chantries  difiolved  belonging  to  St.  Peter  or  the  dean  and  chapter,  ibid. A  book  of  furvey  of  all  the  chantries  within  St.  Peter's  Fork  (whofe  penfions  were  paid  by the  vicars  of  the  Bedherne)  made  unto  the  late  king  Henry  VIII.  —  A  note  or  catalogue  of them  out  of  that  book  here. Liber  attorum  cap.  et  mifcellanea  ab  1343.  ad  1368. Vifitatio  per  Zouch  archiepifcopum,  capitulum  corrigit  quaedam. Art.  I.  Lee  anus  tenetur  perfonaliter  refidere  et  pafeere  50.  pauper  es  quotidie  aedificiaet  maneria fujlentare  et  reparare. Subdecanus  tenetur  perfonaliter  refidere ,  quod  nonfaciet ;  cancellarius  tenetur  perfonaliter  refi¬ dere. Tot  funt  refidentiarii  in  ecclefiaquod  expedit  augment  atio  communiarum  (x.fc.) Vicarii  chori  multoties  fe  abfentant  a  choro. Magifi.  fcholarum  grammaticalium  debet  interejfe  divinis  ojficiis. Succentor  vicariorum  tenetur  per  juram.  interejfe  choro. Menfuratio  terrae,  p.  no. Quando  acra  terrae  continet  x.  particas  in  longitudine ,  tunc  conlinebit  in  latitudine  xv.  parti - cas.  Qiiandox i.  tunc  xiiii.  et  dimidiam  et  unum  pedem.  Fluand.  xiii.  tunc  xiii.  et  v.  pedes et  i.pollicem.  Fhiando  xmi.  tunc  xii.  vii.  pedes  et  i.  pollicem.  Flu.  xv.  tunc  x.  et  dim.  et duos  pedes.  Qu.  xvi.  tunc  x.  particas.  F$u.  xvii.  tunc  ix.  et  iii.  pedes  et  pollices  et  dim. <%u,  xviii.  tunc  viii.  et  dim.  et  v.  pedes  et  dim.  et  v.  pollices.  F>u.  xix.  tunc  viii.  et  vi. pedes  et  iiii.  pollices  et  dim.  F$u.  xx.  tunc  viii.  particas.  Fh<.  xxi.  tunc  vii.  et  dim.  et  ii. pedes  et  i.pollicem.  Qu.  xxii.  tunc  vii.  et  unum  quantum  et  iiii.  pollices  et  dim.  Flu.  xxiii. tunc  vi.  et  dim.  et  iii.  pedes,  et  v.  poll,  et  dim.  Flu.  xxiiii.  tunc  vi.  et  dim.  et  ii.  pedes  et dim.  et  iii.  pollices.  Flu.  xxv.  tunc  vi.  et  i.  quartam  ii.  pedes  et  dim.  pollic.  Flu.  xxvi. tunc  vi.  et  ii.  pedes  et  dim.  pollicis.  Fh(.  xxvii.  tunc  v.  et  dim.  et  iii.  ped.  Shi.  xxviii. tunc  v.  et  vW.ped.  et  dim.  F{u.  xxviiii.  tunc  v — vi  ped.  et  dim.  Flu.  xxx.  tunc  v.  et  vi. ped.  Fht.  xxxi.  tunc  v  —  ii.ped.  et  dim.  Qu.  xxxii.  tunc  quinque  particas.  Flu.  xxxiii. tunc  iiii.  et  dim.  et  i.  quartam  et  i.  ped.  et  dim.  poll.  Flu.  xxxiiii.  tunc  iiii.  et  dim.  quarti iiii  .pedes  et  iiii.  pollic.  Flu.  xxxv.  tunc  iiii.  et  dim.  i.  ped.  ii.  poll,  et  dim.  F>u.  xxxvi. tunc  iiii.  et  unam  quartam  iii.  pedes  i.  pollicem  et  dim.  F>u.  xxxvii.  tunc  t.  iiii.  et  dim. quarti ,  iii  .ped.  et  dim.  F£u.  xxxviii.  tunc  iiii.  et  iiii  .ped.  et  dim.  F&i.xxx  ix.  tnne  iiii.  et iiii.  pedes  et  dim.  Flu.  xl.  tunc  iiii.  particas.  F>u.  xli.  t.  iii.  et  dun.  et  i.  quart,  et  i.  pedem. F>u.  xiii.  et  iii.  et  i.  quartum  et  i.  pedum.  F&t.  xiiii.  t.  iii.  —  iii.  ped.  et  dim.  Flu.  xliiii. tunc  ii.  et  dim.  iiii  .pedes.  Fluando  xlv.  tunc  ii.  particas. Taxatio  dignitatum  ecclefia  Ebor.  ibid.  p.  64. /.  J.  d. ccclxxiii  6  5 Lecanus  - Praebendarum ,  &c. Vicariorum ,  iFc. Ecclefiae  et  maneria  ad  communiam  fpe&antia. Burton  aejlimatio  praeter  vicariam  lx.  marcar.  ethabeat  vicarius  ejufdem  ecclefiae  oblationes ,  mnr- tuaria  et  perfonales  decimas  parochianorum.  Item  decimas  hortorum  virgultorum  et  nutrinunti animalium  exceptis  decimis  lanae  et  agn.  et  faciei  ecclefiae  fuis  fumplibus  honefle ,  et  honorifice  in omnibus  deferviri.  Refiduum  totum  habeat  canonicus  ad  firmam  xlviii.  march  terminis fubjeriptis capitulo  folvendis  fub  poena  praetaxata. Bubbwith  aefiimatio  preter  vicar,  eft  lx.  mar.  quae  de  novotaxatur  ad  quadraginta  via*-,  vicarius ejufdem  habeat  &c.  et  faciet  tFc.  Refiduum  totum  habeat  canonic,  pro  xlviii.  mar. lx  XX folid.  et  iv.  denar. Alkeham,  cum  Drayton  et  Gipifmeri,  aefimatio  praeter  vie.  lv.  marc,  vicarius ,  lAc.  Rejiduum babeat  canonic,  pro  lv.  march ,  cum  Gipifmeri,  fed  donee  vacat  Drayton  folvat  tantum  viginti marc. Brotherton,  aeJHmatio  pretervic.  lx.  mar.  vie.  babeat,  &c.  Refid.  totum  preter  molend.  aquatic, babeat  canonicus  pro  xl.  cbio  marc. Copenthorpe  et  Sr.  Marie  Bifhopthorpe,  aeJHmatio  preter  vie.  lx.  mar.  vie.  babeat ,  &c.  &  red - dat  canonico  nomine  capituli  annuatim  vigint .  folid.  Reftduum  totum  babeat  canonic,  pro  xl.  oblo march. Sti.  Laurentii  cum  Farburn,  aefimatio  praeter  vicariam  xxx.  mar.  vie.  babeat ,  &c.  Reftduum canonic,  pro  vigint.  iiii.  march. Ecclefia  de  Burgh  cum  Burton,  aeJHmatio  preter  vicarias  nom .  viginti  mar.  vie.  de  Burgh  ba¬ beat  oblationes,  &c.  et  faciei  eccleftae  matrici  deferviri  &  capeilh  de  Dunford  et  Pytc  burgh honefe  ut  fupra. Burron-Leonardo.  Vic.  de  B.  L.  babeat ,  £s fc.  totum  alter agium ,  13  ft  non  fujficiat  ad  cent,  fo¬ lid.  fuppleatur  a  canonicis  firmam  babenlibus.  Reftduum  totum  habeant  duocanonici  pro  cent.  libr. Horneby,  aefimatio  pretervic.  oblogint.  marc.  vie.  bab.  &c.  ft  excedantur  refundat  capitulo  vel canonico  annuat.  quod  fupererit  in  pecunia ,  ft  non  fit  tanti  valoris,  quod  deef  fupplebitur per  capitulum,  vel  canonic.  Reftduum  bab.  canonic.  &c. Kirkeby-Irelyth,  aefimatio  oblogint.  marc,  et  canonic,  reftduum  totum  pro  Ixiiii.  march. Wiverthorpe  aefimatio  totalis  cxl.  mat.  babeat  vie.  xxiv.  marc,  in  certis  rebus  alteragii,  &c. babeat  etiam  de  ecclefte  predibia  canonicus  prefbyt-erve  prebendae  vi.  marc.  xxx.  marc,  annuatim fecundum  ordinem ,  domini  archiepifc.  fupra  diet.  vie.  et  trigint.  marcas  confeblam.  Reftduum vero  canonicus  babeat  pro  xxiv.  march.  ■  ft D  Iron,  aefimatio  vigint.  quinque  marc,  et  babeat ,  canonico  pro  vigint.  marc.folvend. Lyfiington,  aefimatio  vigint.  marc,  totum  babeat  canonicus  cum  Lexington  decern  libris. Sti.  Johannis  ad pontem  Ebor.  totum  babeat  vie.  folvendo  duodecim  marc,  annuatim  capitulo. Lairthorpe  vie.  totum.  bab.  folvendo  annuatim  capitulo  xl .  folidos,  &c. S'i.  Andrcae,  vie.  totum  bab.  pro  duobus  folid.  capitulo  folvendis. Sanbli  Stephani  vie.  bab.  totum  pro  ii.  folid.  &c. Sanbli  Johannis  in  marifeo  vie.  totum  bab.folvend.  an.  capitulo  vi  j.  viiid. Sanbli  Michaelis  vie.  totum  babeat  folvend.  x.  marcas. Sanbli  Martini,  vie.  totum  bab.  folvendo  capitulo  decern  marcas  annuatim. Ordinalio  baec  fupradibla  fabta  efi  per  Henricum  decanum  et  cap.  conftlio  et  confenfu  domini  Se- walli  arebiepifeopi  Ebor.  anno  1291. Carta  Reginaldi  filii  Petri  de  ecclefia  de  Wyverthorp,  p.  4 6. Omnibus  Chrifti  fidelibus ,  &c.  noveritis  me  dedijfe  concefftffe  et  hac  praefenli  charta  tnea  confr - rnaffe  dec.  et  cap.  fanbli  Petri  Ebor.  pro  falute  animae  meae ,  &c.  advocationem  eccleftae  de  Wy- verthorpe  habendam  et  tenend.  in  puram  et  perpet.  eleemofynam ,  &c. In  cujus  rei  tefl.  prius  feriptum  ftgillo  mco  roboravi. lis  tefibus  dom.  Rob.  de  Roos,  dom.  Petro  de  Roos,  dom.  Will,  de  Roos,  dom.  Rob. de  Twenge,  dom.  Johanne  de  Oketon,  dom.  Willielmo  de  Winebe,  dom.  Rob.  de Weyley,  dom.  G ilb.  de  Bridelhall,  et  aliis. Carta  Galfridi  filii  Petri  comitis  EJfex  fuper  jure  fuo,  quod  habuit  in  capella  de  Drayton. Omnibus  Sanble  matris  eccleftae ,  Efr.  Noverit  univerfitas  vefra  quod  intuitu  Dei  et  pro  falute animae  et  antecejforum  nofrorum  concefftmus  et  quielum  clamavimus  de  nobis  et  beredibus nofris  in  perpetuum  Deo  et  B.  Mariae  et  B.  Petro  apofolo  eccleftae  Ebor.  et  canonicis  ibidem fervienlibus  totum  jus  nofirum  quod  habuimus  in  capella  fanbli  Petri  de  Drayton.  Et  ut  baec  con- cejfto  rata  et  frma  in  poferum  permanent  earn  prefenti  feripto  et  ftgilli  impreffone  confrmamus. His  tefibus  Tho.  de  Muleton,  Gilb.  de  Benyngward,  Jacobo  de  Calte,  Walt,  de  Pre- fton,  Walt,  de  Tradleg,  Hug.  de  Hedon,  Rand,  de  Novoforo,  Ricardo  filio  Roberti, cum  multis  aliis. Omnibus  Chrifti  fidelibus  ad  quos  prefens  feriptum  pervenerit  Thomas  de  Bellaque  miles ,  fa¬ in  tern  in  Domino.  Noveritis  me  redidiffe  et  quietum  clamajfe  de  me  et  beredibus  meis  domino  deca- no  et  capitulo  B.  Petri  Ebor.  omnes  terras  cum  pert,  fuis  in  Gippefinere,  Sunwell  et  Morton quas  de  eijdem  tenui.  Ita  quod  ego  nec  haeredes  mei  nec  aliquis  alius  nomine  meo  jus  vel  clami- um  poterimus  in  eifdem  de  caetero  vin dicare,  &c.  Haec  autem  quieta  clamatio  fabla  fuit  in  pre- diblo  capitulo  ii.  idus  Junii  an.  gra.  m  cclv.  In  mayiu  domini  Sewalli  decani  prefentibus  T.  de W.  Ebor.  et  aliis. Miscellanea. Formam proteftationis  pro  refidentia  majori  facienda  fecundum  tenorem  novi  flatuti  per  H.  VIII. Vide  in  libro  ablorum  capit.  ab.  an.  1504, II Anno Ixxxi APPENDIX. Anno  dom.  1519.  menfe  Odtobr.  Johanne  Colet  moritur  cui  inprebenda  de  Botevaunt  fuccedit Cuthbertus  Tunflall.  Lib.  attorum  ab  anno  1 504.  f.  102. Altare  SS.  Petri  et  Pauli  in  ecclefia  S.  Trin.  in  curia  regis  [an.  in  Gutheram-gate]  Gutheram, Gwurth  curia,  ut  in  Hengwarth,  vetus  curia,  Beddernis,  Gwurth-Gwurther-ham-gate. Henry  VIII.  alloweth  all  penfions  and  arrearages  fince  the  difiolution  of  abbeys  due  to St.  Peter  Ebor.  to  be  paid  to  St.  P.  ( enumeratio  Penfionum.) Liberae  Scholae  in  Le-Horfe-Fair  donatio. Dec.  et  cap.  nominans  ludimagifrum  qui  durante  eorundem  beneplacito  et  non  aliter  neqve  alio modo  percipiet .  feoda,  vadia ,  commoditates ,  &c.  eidem  fcbolae  fpettant.  pro  ditto  officio  ludimag. Lib.  att.  ab  1565.  fol.  127. Multa  habet.  Dr.  Tod  de  Bederna.  Can.  Carleol.  Lib.  att.  ab  anno  r 543.  ad  1558. Injunttions  of  Edw.  VI.  to  the  dean  and  chapter  of  York.  See  the  archbifhop*  s  regijler. They  fhall  not  take  of  any  prebendary  entring  his  refidence  above  20/.  that  he  may  be able  to  difpend  above  40/.  yearly,  and  hath  a  convenient  manfion  houfe  to  keep  refidence in. The  dean  for  his  prebend  and  dignity  fhall  preach  or  caufe  to  be  preached  two  fermons yearly  at  Chrijlmas  and  Eafter-day.  (Tokerington.) A  decree  in  favour  of  the  dean  and  chapter,  concerning  the  Bedderne,  in  which  fol.  61. That  the  vicars  choral  had  their  living  afTigned  them  by  the  dean  and  chapter  out  of  the pofleflions  of  the  church  of  Fork,  and  is  flill  part  of  the  pofleflion  of  that  church. Henry  V.  erected  the  houfe  of  the  Bedderne  depending  wholly  on  the  principal  college  and under  the  jurifdidtion  of  the  faid  dean  and  chapter  for  ever. That  the  vicars  are  prefentable,  and  put  into  the  flails  of  the  canons  of  the  church  by  the canons  of  the  church,  and  admitted  by  the  dean  and  chapter. That  they  were  reflrained  from  all  unlawful  alienations  and  charge  of  the  faid  pofleflions without  the  authority  of  the  faid  dean  and  chapter.  (See  archbifhop  Frewen’s  vifit.) That  they  are  under  the  order  and  government  of  the  dean  and  chapter  as  by  the  letters patents  of  Hen.  V.  may  appear.  Vide  libros  MSS.  D.  Tod  in  catalogo  Oxon.  &  nunc  apud R.  Squire,  fol.  68. Free  fchool  of  Old  Malton  founded  by  archbifhop  Holgate ,  if  the  archbifhop  named  not  a fucceflor  (the  place  being  vacant)  within  twenty  days,  the  dean  and  chapter  lhallname  a  ma¬ iler  for  life,  Ji  tamen  diligenter  officio  funttus  fuerit,  junta  verba  fundationis,  &c. Lib.  att.  ab.  1543.  ad  1558. Fo  the  archbiffiop  ancl  prebends  of  York. Hen.  R. -  We  have  nominated  Dr.  Nic.  Wooton  to  be  dean,  and  whereas  you  have  ftatutes  and cuftoms  of  fuch  as  be  elected  deans,  ought  to  have  been  prebendars  and  of  the  corps  of  your church  ;  it  is  our  pleafure  notwithflanding  fuch  orders  and  ftatutes,  ye  with  all  celerity  eledl the  faid  doftor.  Furthermore  we  defire  the  faid  archbifhop  to  provide  the  faid  Dr.  Nic.  of a  prebend  fo  foon  as,  &c. Dr.  Wooton  was  then  dean  of  Canterbury. Gulielmus  Rex, Cum  nuper ,  ut  accepimus ,  ex  huinili  petitione  decani  et  refidentiariorum  eccleftae  nojlrae  Santti Petri  Ebor.  quidam  dittae  eccleftae  canonici  multum  dubitarint  an  decanus  prcdittus  inter  refi- dentiario  s  ejus  eccleftae  poffiit  admitti ,  eo  quod  fiatuta  olim  ea  de  re  condita  minus  nunc  clara  et plana  exijtant:  nos  pad  et  tranquillitati  predittae  eccleftae  confident es,  declaramus Jlatuimus  et  ordi - namus  quod  decanus  qui  nunc  eft  potejl  effie  reftdenliarius  ratione  decanatus  fui ,  ft  cut  quilibet  canonicus ejufdem  eccleftae  refidentiarius  effie  potejl  ratione  fui  canonic atus  idemque  decanus  percipiet  omnia proficua  et  emolument  a  quae  ad  refidentiam  fpettant.  Si  refidentiam  prolejlatus  fuerit  et  tenuerit fecundum  Jlatuta  et  ordinationes  confuetudines  ejufdem  eccleftae.  Quo  detiam  ad  alios  decani  praedicti fucceffiores  extendi  volumus. Porro  quoniam  numerus  refidentiariorum  in  eadem  ecclefia  per  Jlatuta  hattenus  provifa  incertus fit  et  indefinitus ,  nos  refpettu  habito  ad  patrimonium  et  facultates  ejufdem  eccleftae  quas  fads  tenues effie  comperimus,  volumus  et  ordinamus  et  Jlatuimus  ut  effie  poffini  in  ditta  ecclefia  quinque  reftden - tiarii  et  uonplures ,  quorum  fnguli  quantum  percipient  propter  refidentiam tantundem,  et  thefaurarius Santti  Petri  percipiet  juxta  tenor em  ftatutorum  dittae  eccleftae. Declarationes  has  et  limitationes  five  ordinationes  inter  flatuta  eccleftae  nofrae  fantti  Petri Eborum  recipi  et  regifrari  et  ab  omnibus  obfervari  volumus  et  firmiter  fancimus. Kingfingtoniae  A.  D.  1 69-f. Lib.  att.  ab  1409  ad  1424. Fraternitas  inter  eccleftam  B.  Petri  Ebor.  et  Rothomagenfem, Willielmus  Gray  decanus  admit titur  an.  1521.  Apr.  4. Thomas  Haxy  thefaurarius. Lib. nuf AM APPENDIX. Ixxxii Lib.  aft.  ab  anno  1290 Liter ae  regis  defubjeftione  Scotiae,  Galliae  ad  perpetuam  rei  memoriam  inregijlratae .  fol  q 25-  Eofcus  de  Broth  vendalur,  pecunia  cedat  in  ufus  capituli,  ,nox  cedat  in  ufus  rtjidmtium 2S.  Jrchiepi/apl  jamms  de  L.  S.  Ultra  decano  el  cap.  viz.  fingulis  camnicis  reftdentibus  ad- hbet  eorum  rejidentium  duas  quercus  &c. Decano  et  canonic .  reftdentibus  duntaxat  unum  damam  et  unam  clamant « •  Liber  Doomfday  Ebor . Privilegia  et  confnetudines  &c.  Ebor.  fol.  j. Privil.  Coeleftini  papae  de  juribus.  vid.  Mon.  Anglic.  3. Bulla  Coeleftin.  de  tnodo  elegendi  dec.  &c.  3. .  ^firmalio  Innocentu  ut  eleltiones  liber ae  fiant,  (Ac.  petita  regis  licehda  temp.  Toll.  regis,  cit- jus  hlerae  tot  recitantur.  r  J  6  ’ Bidla  Alex,  contra  infradores  Bert  alum  ecclefiae  et  in  fpecie  Ebor.  pro  qua  major  et  rives TtDor.  excommumcantur,  ubi  de  jure  fenefchalli  eccl.  St.  Petri  5. Charta  Ed.  III.  de  libertalibus  5. Chartae  aliquot  Ed.  III.  8. did.  homines  capituli  quafdam  libertates  8. Charta  Hen.  III.  pro  coronatore  habendo  (sic.  9. Cfpa  Hei7  l}}'  tmceff’t  a  prime  regni  apud  Briftol,  de  libertat.  Angliae  11. Aha  cum  qutbufdam  addilts  ad  praecedent.  chartam  fine  data. Charta  de forefia  Hen.  III.  itidem  fubfgillis  cardinalis  et  com.  Pembrochiae,  10. rum  16  COram  ]uJtmarm  reSiis  inter  civeset  capitulum  ;  hae  querel.  habentur  alio  libro  a£lo- Axminfter,  de preb.  de  Warthi]  et  Grendal,  charta  regis,  placita ,  (s fc.  25. Curia  tenta  per  fenefchallum  capituli  contra  pejeratos,  27. Demancrio  de  Thorpe,  Haya  de  Langwath  et  Kynalton,  28 riffifa  apud  Ebor.  pro  libertatibus  S.  Petri,  30. £>uo  warranto  fuper  libertatibus  eccl.  Ebor.  31. if  fates  fuflern’Kof^  Cap‘ulum  liberum  fn  ab  auxSiis  murorum,  pontium  infra  emit.  Ebor. Compofaio  inter  capitulum  Ebor.  tt  Dunelm.  fide  utraque  vacante  de  juribus,  41 Compofit.  inter  archiepfcopum  et  cap  Ebor.  et  abbatem  S.  Albania  non  compatendo  infynodo Ebor.  pro  ecclefia  de  Appleton  in  Rydale  ita  ut  vicar,  compar.  44.  " Curia  tenta  coram  fenefchallo  de  nova  defefina  infra  libertatcsS  Petri  ,*, Penjmesde  Pontfraft,  Melfa,  Watton  pro  Cranfwick-Hoton ;  S.Mariae  Ebor.  too. In  repertorio. Extent  a  21  prebendarum ,  i bid. Ordmatw praeb.  de  Bilton  ita  quod  praebendarius  ejufdem  nonpercipiat  quotidianas  diftributio- reM,us  *rovifae  fumnt  eidem ***■'  “triom  eai  Eb°r- *  « Augmentalio  chorijlarum  ad  N.  12.  per  Th  Dalby  127 Annuiredditus  de  S.  Barthol.  Smithfieid.  de  majors’ et  civ.  Ebor. Placita  de  Sneris  apud  Howden,  unde  dec.  et  cap.  quietati  fuerunt,  146. teoda  S.  Petri  apud  Southcave,  152.  ' Concejfto  x  marcarum  de  Ledham,  ibid. Ordmatio  Cantariae  W.  Bruyfe  in  eccl.  de  Pykering  ibid Placita  deque  warranto  coram  W.  de  Harle  et  fociis  be.  quo  warranto  clamant  quod  nullus de  familta  domim  regis,  yel  de  exercitu,  in  propriis  domibus  camniconm,  (Ac.  quL  in  lib  4 evang.  qm  fervatur  m  regijlro  dcc.  et  cap.  Ebor.  anno  1700.  ?  4‘ Ex  repertorio. Nulla  appettatio  a  decano  et  capitulo  nifi  ad  dominum  regem. Emendatmes  per  T.  G.  ad  cartas  eccle.  Ebor.  ex  Dugdale.  M.  v.  3; Carta  regis  Edgari  de  xx  calTatis  in  Sbireburnc. In  nomine,  &c. Pag  129.  lin.  5,  pro  Minifter,  l.  tantum  Mr  Mr. Itnd.  1.  66.  pro  nobili  fumire,  l.  Guimere Ibid.  1.  1 6.  pro  dipfinapaland  femaera,  &c.  1.  thiffin  ya  1  s’emera  to. }aJporfc,ra  B.  Petro  conceffa  per  regem  Atheljlanum tempore  domim  S.  Wuljiam  Eborum  archiepilcopi. 8  S  Ibid, $  Up ,1 Ex  cod.  MS.  '■ ' vocato  magno regiflro  albo  fi¬ nes  dec.  et  cap. Eborum/.  56. lxxxiit APPENDIX. Ibid.  1.  35.  pro ,  feceris,  /. Ibid.  1.  44.  pro,  Agemundernefs ,  l.  Abemundefnefs. P.  130.  /.  11.  pro ,  gaminulis,  /.  gramulis. Ibid.  1.  12.  lege,  fed  prius  decurrant  termini  hiifque  decurfis. Ibid.  1.  14.  /<£*,  primitus  autem  a  mari  furfum  in  locur  ufque  ad  fontem  illius  fluminis. Ibid.  1.  40.  pro ,  Sculc,  /.  Scule  dux,  et  pro  minifter,  l.  M7  fie. Ibid.  1.  47.  expunge ,  et  plures  alii  milites,  (Ac, P.  132.  1.  12.  13.  lege ,  ecclefiam  fanfti  Ptfri  et  tu,  Gaufride ,  libera  earn  fine  mora, P.  133.  /.  49.  pro ,  P.  vicecomiti,  l.  G.  vicecom. Ibid.  1.  14.  lege,  Waltero  et  Euremaro. Ibid.  1.  27.  pro.  Carta  ejufdem  regis,  &V.  /.  Carta  Tburjtani  archiepifcopi  fuper  eodem confirmatory. Ibid.  1.  30.  lege,  Eboracenfis  ecclefiae,  interventu  Girardi  archiepifcopi  donavit,  et  Stephanus. Adde  ad p.  13  2,.  pojl  l.  63.  col.  1.  Alia  charta  H.  R.  de  decanatu  ecclae.  Ebor.  in  qua  iftae terrae  conceduntur  S.  Petro  et  Girardo  archiepifcopo  et  ecclefiae  Ebor.  cod.  Cott.  Claud.  B.  3. Alia  charta  pro  Hugone  decano  de  eifdem,  carta  H.  R.  Angl.  de  decanatu  Ebor.  eccle. H.  R.  G.  vie.  et  om.  &c.  cod.  Cott.  Vitel.  A.  2. Adde  pojl  l.  25.  col.  2.  Aliae  chartae  pro  Pykering.  Cott.  ut  fupra. ylddepojl  l.  53.  Carta  ifta  Yburjlani  extat.  integra  inr.  Cott.  Vitel.  A.  2. P.  135.  pojl.  Carta  ejufdem  regis  fuper  libertatibus,  (Ac.  adde.  Quo  warranto  contra  archie- pifeopum  allato  archiepifcopus  refpondit,  rex  confirmat. Ibid,  pojl ,  apud  Winton  in  Pafcha,  adde.  Hen.  V.  confirmavit  archiepifcopo  Bowel  cum  aliis franchefiis. P.  136.  pojl,  S.  filio  Sigulji  apud  Wynton,  adde,  Charta  Hen.  III.  declarans  et  amplians iftam  chart,  in  cod.  Cot.  Claud.  B.  3. P.  143.  adde  pojl,  Pelcigium  Alban,  epife.  &c.  Amen,  &c.  Littera  (feu  bulla)  Urbani  ad  Ebo- racenfem  contra  profelfionem. Ibid.  col.  2.  pojl ,  ibid.  fol.  48.  in  margine  additur ,  Charta  Pelagii  de  eodem. Ibid.  col.  2.  adde,  pojl,  nec  tibi  obedientiam  debet  j  hie  fequitur  litera  Gelafii  ad  Ebor.  cle- <flum  Yurft. P.  135.  /.  6.  pro ,  filio  Geronis,  l.  Gozo. Ibid.  1.  17.  lege,  exequatur,  et  format. Ibid.  1.  20.  pro,  fi  ea,  /.  fed.  /.  faciat. Ibid.  1.  21.  lege,  propriam  jufticiam  fecundum  ftatuta  mea, _  Ibid.  1.  48.  lege ,  Eborum  fhomae  II.  capellano. Q,Cm  P.  143.  /.  6.  Innocentius  epucopus,  occ. Dies  in  quiius  Ibid.  1.  35.  Epipbajiia,  TJypnpnnt e-  dominica  in  ramis  P ahnarUTH, pallio  uti  fotjl.  Ibid.  1.  6.  lege,  fratri  Rodulpho  Cantuar.  archiepif. Ibid.  1.  23.  pro,  proferiptam,  l.  praeferiptam. Ibid.  1.  31.  pro,  et  ficum,  /.  et  fi  eum  prioris  locum  optineas.  q.  fi  non  eflet  optineat, P.  144.  I.22.  lege ,  jam  per  gratiam  Dei,  pace  inter  Dominum  meum. Ibid.  1.  37.  lege,  data  Anayn. Ibid.  1.  50.  /.  Radulpbum  in  Orcbeneia  epifeopum  confecravit. P.  147.  1.  34.  pro,  conferverur ,  forte,  confequetur. P.  1 51.  /.  5.  pojl.  Job.  Romano  et  aliis,  adde  baec  verba.  Hen.  deAquileya  claimed  the  church of  Topcliffe,  and  was  call.  Charta  antiqua  in  a  box  plated  with  iron  in  the  treafury, P.  1 51.  /.  41.  pro,  Rob.  de  Fekeby,  l.  Robert  de  Fereby , P.  154./.  26.  lege.  Inquifitio  capta  de  terris  (Ac.  infra  libertatem  S.  Petri. P.  158.  /.  46.  pro,  commune,  /.  communiae. Monajlicon  vol.  III.  154.  b.  De  terris,  (Ac.  infra  libertatem  S.  Petri. P.  154.  lin.  2.  for,  fuburbiis,  r.  fuburbio. Ibid.  1 .  13.  after,  milites,  add,  iidem  jur. dicunt. Ibid.  1.  14.  for ,  celdam,  r.  cellam,  and  for Apotbecarii,  r.  Ypotbecarii. P.  155.  b.  /.  15.  for,  Mulberin ,  r.  Mulberi. Ibid.  1.  iS.  for ,  devenerint,  r.  devenit. Ibid.  1.  24.  for,  Swinegalle,  r.  S-winegatte . Ibid.  1.  30.  for,  quern,  r.  quam. Ibid.  1.  33.  for ,  non  funt,  r.  nec  dant. Ibid.  1.  35.  Ypothecar. P.  155.  b.  /.  6.  the  et  left  out. Ibid.  1 5.  after  Wypbale  tbefe  words  are  want¬ ing,  tenuit  et  terra  quondam  Willielmi  de Horleeus  quam  Rogerus  deWyton  tenet,  funt de  libertate  B.  Petri  et  domus  Jobannis  dd Wypbale. Ibid.  1.  18.  et  terra. Ibid.  1.  29.  data  fuit. Ibid.  1.  56.  for,  ante,  r.  inter. Ibid.  1.  57.  for,  quam,  r.  in  qua. Ibid.  1.  65.  for ,  Gavells,  r.  Gavell. P.  155.  b. /.  18.  for,  Weigbton,  r.Wixton ] Ibib.  1.  22.  for,  Merks,  r.  Merk. Ibid.  1.  37,  38.  for,  Cbrijliane ,  r.  Chripian , Ibid.  1.  50.  for,  funt,  r.  dant. Ibid.  1.  65.  prius  capit. P.  156. /.  9.  for,  vicarius,  r.  vicarii. Ibid.  1.  30.  after,  ftrata,  add,  ante. Ibid.  1.  3 1 .  for,  cymiteriam,  r.  cymeterium. APPENDIX, ; lxxxiv Analecta  Eboracensia:  or ,  remains  of  the  antient  city  of  York, Collett ed  by  a  Citizen  of  York. Note  that  this  is  the  firft  draught  out  of  his  own  papers. A  fecond  my  lord  Fairfax  has  by  his  delivery,  with  this  note  in  the  front,  viz.  that  in the  laft  and  perfect  copy  he  has  expunged  divers  things  in  both  the  former,  and  made  forne fmall  additions  as  were  defective  in  both. Sic  quod  fuit  ante  relittum  eft.  Ovid.  Met.  lib.  5. York’j  not  fo  great  as  old  York  was  of  yore, Tet  York  it  is  though  wafted  to  the  core: It’s  not  that  York  which  Ebrank  built  of  old ; Nor  yet  that  York  which  was  of  Roman  mould ; York  was  the  third  time  burnt  and  what  you  fee , Are  York’j  fmall  afhes  of  antiquity  (a ). (b)  This  is  a  more  imperfedl  copy  than  that  which  fir  ‘Thomas  Widderington  delivered to  my  lord  Fairfax ,  for  it  evidently  appears  that  my  lord’s  book  was  copyed  out  of  this. And  yet  without  queftion  this  is  much  more  compleat  then  the  laft,  becaufe  in  the  laft he  has  expunged  (it  is  his  own  word,  but  very  improper  for  fo  learned  a  work)  divers things  in  the  former. To  the  honourable  the  lord-mayor  of  the  city  of  York,  and  to  the  aldermen ,  Jheriffs ,  common- councel  and  citizens  of  the  fame  city. 44  My  lord-mayor  and  gentlemen, “  I  Shall  not  tell  you  what  time  I  have  fpent  in  gathering  thefe  fragments,  but  aflurc 44  you  I  fpent  no  time  at  all  to  confider  to  what  perfons  I  fliould  dire<5t  them,  molt «*  of  the  things  concern  you  and  the  rights  of  the  city,  with  the  government  whereof  you “  are  trufted  :  the  dedication  hereof  is  as  proper  to  you  as  Tally's  book  de  Senettute  was  to «  an  old  man,  no  perfons  fo  fit  for  this  frontifpiece  as  your  felves,  for  whofe  caufe  they «  were  col  letted,  and  the  rather  alfo  becaufe,  if  any  thing  be  miftaken,  wanting  or  omitted, “  you  are  beft  able  to  correct  or  fupply  it. 44  I  will  acknowledge  now  in  the  beginning  that,  which  is  ufually  fet  at  the  end  of  im- “  perfedb  pieces,  multa  defunt ;  and  really  I  have  not  taken  in  all  to  this  which  I  have  met tc  withal,  for  I  have  done  with  thofe  materials  which  I  have  found  as  the  poet  Virgil  did “  with  the  verfes  of  Ennius ,  pauca  ex  multis  et  optima  ex  illis  paucis  eligendo ,  taking  few  out “  of  many,  and  the  beft  (as  my  judgment  would  lerve  me)  out  of  thofe  few,  nor  have  I 44  found  out  all,  yet  I  was  not  difeouraged  by  that  from  doing  what  I  have  done.  He 44  that  cannot  fee  fo  far  nor  fo  clearly  as  Lynceus ,  did  muft  be  contented  with  that  eye  fight 44  which  he  hath. tc  I  thought  fit  to  put  it  into  an  Engli/h  habit,  confidering  the  perfons  for  whom  I  chiefly 44  intended  it,  left  it  might  be  faid  of  it,  as  Ariftotle  faid  of  his  Acroafs ,  it  is  publifhed  and 44  not  publifhed  to  the  advantage  of  thofe  for  whom  1  deftgn  it. 44  The  dial  of  this  city  hath  a  long  time  gone  backward,  and  many  fpecial  pieces  of  an- 44  tiquities  are  already  mouldred  to  duft,  and  I  was  doubtful  that  the  fmall  fcattered  remains 44  of  it  might  alfo  in  time  vanifh,  cities  as  well  as  perfons  being  lubjett  to  mortality,  which 44  gave  an  edge  to  my  defires  and  endeavours  to  preferve  the  memory  of  thofe  things  from 44  the  injury  of  time  in  fuch  a  way  as  this  poor  confufed  pamphlet  can  afford  •,  it  is  notun- “  profitable  for  us  to  know  the  pafiages  of  former  ages,  nor  can  it  be  any  regret  unto  us to  hear  that  our  predeceflors  were  rich  and  great,  though  we  ourfelves  be  little  and  poor. “  But  it  is  rather  a  fhame  and  reproach  unto  us  to  be  ignorant  of  the  antient  rights  of  the 44  city.  An  Egyptian  prieft  told  Solon  that  the  moft  antient  Greeks  of  his  time  were  but “  babes  and  children,  becaufe  they  could  tell  nothing  beyond  their  own  and  their  father’s 6  4  memory.  It  was  a  foul  fhame  to  the  men  of  Syracufe ,  a  city  of  Sicily ,  that  they  could 44  not  tell  Cicero  the  place  of  the  fepulchre  and  monument  of  their  famous  Archimedes , 44  though  it  were  amongft  them,  which  he  being  a  ftranger  could  do;  as  it  hath  been  my 44  care  in  this  to  recount  things,  privileges  and  perfons  which  conduce  to  the  honour  of 44  this  antient  city,  fo  I  have  not  concealed  the  misfortunes  and  mifearriages  of  our  pre- 14  deceffors,  the  memory  of  thefe  obliquities  is  peradventure  as  ufeful  though  not  fo  plea- 44  fant  as  that  of  the  former. 44  Herein,  as  alfo  in  thofe  matters  which  relate  to  the  pofleffionsaor  rights  of  other  per- 44  fons  within  the  body  of  this  city,  I  have  dealt  clearly  and  impartially,  I  cannot  nor  will 44  not  do  the  city  right  by  doing  wrong  to  others,  my  love  to  the  city  fet  me  upon  this (a)  York  was  burnt,  I.  by  the  Saxons,  2.  by  the D^nes,  3 .  by  the  Normans. (b)  Note  that  this  has  all  that  is  in  my  lord  Fairfax's book,  but  not  To  well  ordered  as  to  the York. Ainfly  of tST 1 4 work .Ixxxv  APPENDIX. “rfr  bU,t  *'  fannot.CJrry  me  beyond  or  befides  the  bounds  of  truth  fo  far  as  rh, light  or  the  glimmerings  thereof  have  appeared  to  me.  I  have  touched  little  in  r!  ' f  thePrefent  government  of  the  city  or  things  lately  afted;  things  frefh  in  your  memo' "  ”dH“  areme™.' ^ncer  though  we  cannot  but  fee  poverty  rafting  in  upon  us  as' an  armed  man,  or  this  city,  ,f  you  pleafe,  in  a  deep  confutation,  there  being  Tdecal  in ‘  tbe!r  v,tal  Partf  of  trade.  commerce  and  confluence ;  yet  1  mav  fry  thus  much  wirhl  ? ‘‘  adulation  or  oftentation  that  the  prefent  govetnmemof  the  ity  h  very  000“^  ble ‘  unanimous  in  nfelf,  and  retains  alfo  a  good  harmony  with  their  fpiritual  guides  th^ is  no  ftnfe  between  Mofes  and  Aaron.  Ibcmtyocles  boafted  that  he  could  mfke  of  a^ic “  £C,ty  a  great  °f  V  >,  1  were  mailer  of  that  art  York  ihould  be  as  great  as  ever  it  was' “  J  hW,J  ^  bJ  ‘ce  f?llPwl’1S  d'fcourfe  what  I  can  do,  which  is  no  more  then  what  a  lit' “  onehTved0Whta?t/hatS?0m  d7"31  th3t  h°ney  Whioh  die  afe™ards  brings  into „  °n^  hlve-  Whac  1  have  Earned  out  ofhiftones,  records,  year  books,  afh  of  oarliimenr “  pnerfonslro°rT  and  books  remaining  in  the  city,  and  from  the  relations  of  other “^TdSYd  -7  "F  °™  1obfervatlon  In  the  courfe  of  my  fervice  to  the  city,  they  are “  whiclm^^onfufedly  fcattered^efore^*^  “  ^  *  “‘"S*7  °f  W  ^ “  r'  hwT,  Cutr  hr  w  c1  give  a  leS?cy  !n  filver  t0  eaah  citizen  of  Rome.  Though “  !  rn-  -k  ■  ^e(^1  °n  ^or  c^e  Clty  York,  yet  my  purfe  is  not  wide  enough  for  fuch “  of  i?r!bunon’  th.'a  rude  colledlion  is  what  I  have  to  bellow  upon  all  my  fellow  citizens “  \dn  he  rT  affglft  W  e3Ch  CmZen’  but  0ne  P°or  contrafted  legacy  to  them  all ;  which I  do  heartily  offer  unto  you  as  that  which  may  remain  as  a  Jailing  tellimony  of  the  truth and  fincenty  of  my  affeffions  to  the  city  and  citizens  of  York.  7 “ SIR , “  Y°  Yel&rIVaveVcp  by  thn  former  dir“urfe  what  this  city  was,  and  what  our  prede- ::  ;r  *ri  3 ..  tsssz  ttwsc:  3  ;r.= -  ratA-s “  poor  and  miferable.  Our  predeceffors/f  they  could  fee’  us  would  either  difH  1  are “  be  ..a,b3raeb  of  l,s- .  You  have  told  us  that  this  city  was  fome.ime  the  metropoTof 'the lt  Br  m\  the  royal  c°urt  pf  the  Roman  emperors,  and  a  feat  of  juflice  antiently  and “  diem' forf T  5°!  r  ‘‘uT  beCOme  unlike  itfeIf?  thc  inhabitants  have  many  of „  t  ifcfkr"  w  and  th°fe  w.ho  have  not,  fhe  cannot  maintain  ;  whilft  fome  other  cities' «  1  ,  become  fo  big  with  buildings  and  numerous  with  inhabitants  as  they  can  be  hardly fed  or  governed  dork  is  left  alone  fituate  in  a  country  plentiful  for  provisions  and  ftored „  m  ,  m°n7  7  17  them'  Trade  is  decayed-  the  nver  become  unnavigable by  reaion  of  fhelves,  Leeds  is  nearer  the  manufactures  and  Hull  mnrp  D  r “  Se,vend,nS  of  th™’  fo  Tork  is  in  each  refpeft  furtheft  from  the  profit.  The  body  of York  is  fo  difmembred,  that  no  perfon  cares  for  being  the  head  of  it;  the  fuburte which ref  dkg?  0fthr  C,,ty  “  ?ffi  the  ,3te  ““"Suffice  which  indeed  was TuiL  upot «t  th  fand  onl?  ls  funk’  and  w,th  «  many  confiderable  perfons  are  fwailowed  up-  you ^  cannot  now  fee  any  confluence  of  fuitors  or  people:  he  that  looks  upon  the  city  ma/fee her  paps  dry,  and  her  eyes  bedewed  with  tears,  refufmg  to  be  comforted  becaufc  all I!  are  S°ne- ,  tN°w  fir  the  Britain,  whom  you  memion,  we  can  neitfer  d  erive  « 1  n°r  wealth ifrom  them  ;  nor  can  we  hear  of  any  of  their  defeendants,  unlefiun ,«  Zf  i  CornWf1'  °!  uP°n  fome  mountain  or  hill  in  Cumberland-,  and  when  we  have «  ,ound  tbem  we  fear  that  they  will  not  own  us  for  their  kindred  or  relations  •  we  have “nm&ffi/Uh,frT  S7,r  f0rg0,trthe  Bri,it  dialeft:  they  tdl  that  our  blood  Ss not  Bnltjh,  but  Roman ,  Saxon  or  Norman ,  which,  or  fome  of  which  did  exnell  thofi* ;;  ancient  BrUams,  and  wj  might  expeeff  the  fame  reception  from  the  Roman,  N0  ^ or  Saxon,  if  we  ihould  appeal  to  any  of  them  ;  and  we  find  by  experience  that  it  is «t  n0t  a  on®  fenes  or  beadra  of  ancellors  or  predeceffors,  but  wealth  and  eftate’  which  fee a  value  upon  men  and  places.  As  for  our  wealth  it  is  reduced  to  a  narrow  fcantlinS „  we  ]ook  uPon  the  fabrick  and  materials  of  the  city,  we  have  loft  the  fuburbs  which .<  ”"71  ^‘rtS’  °Hr  Wh°le  n°r7  'S  great  weaknefs  and  diftemper,  our  mcrchandi- <.  fid, r*’  c°Ur  7rVeS  and  finews.are  weakned  and  become  very  mean  and  incon- “  were^whomn^  T  S’  dukfes’  atch-biihops,  deans,  prebends  and  abbots  of  York,  they “  ments  and  f  geneal  Part?  °f  0l,r  body>  but  onlf  garniihments,  embroideries  and  oml- ments,  and  fometimes  pricks  and  goades;  our  prefent  mifery  is,  that  we  can  harrilv «  mule  dTd6  Wm  “eitheH086"'31  T*  effCntia!-  7emberS’  fome  of  the™  «fing  us  as'  Ab/aloX “  Z  ven  .Zlnmon  7eavmg  l  US  ur  refufi,lg  t0aftas  maS'ffrates  amongft  us/ when «  y  Oov"n"lent  feems  to  hang  by  a  weak  or  upon  fome  (lender  twig. “  comfort  3  ht  le  Tnume"ts  of  our  former  (late  and  glory  we  find  no  warmth  or “  fo  happj^  Hemi  bUt  "  feemS  t0  add  t0  °Uf  unhaPPinrfa  that  our  predeceffors  were “  1.  To APPEND /  X. u  “|G,',e„us  F°r  conclufion  to  tell  you,  that  a  good  purfe  is  more  ufeful  to  us  than “  a  long  ttory  which  might  enable  us,  us  tnan “  i.  To  make  our  river  more  navigable. “  2.  To  re-edify  the  decayed  parts  of  the  city. “  3.  1  o  raife  a  ftock  to  fet  up  fome  manufacture  in  the  city. “  4.  7  o  relieve  our  poor,  into  which  number  we  may  all  of  us  fall  if  fnmP  r  . “  n0t  t3k“’  by  wWch  thro“Bh  God’s  bleffing  this  tojring td r/x  ®i00m3  °f  PWee  according  to  the  ufi  of  the  church  of  York,  copied  out  of  a  manuferipi of  the  late  reverend  Marmaduke  Fothergill.  7  7  F Explicit  manuale  fecundum  vfwn  Ebor. Deprccatio  pro  puce  eedefte  el  regni  in  diebus  dominicis. “  Militate  fande  matrU  *****  *t* “  theglo^^T4dIe^feH,I,ni^  Un“  G°dalWghty,  and  to « £  s  - “  our  haly  fader  the  archbvfrhnn  r,f  k-  we  Pray  Specially  for “  fchopesf  ande  for  dfmaher  ofmenl  .  ">  “d  f?r  a11  other  ^chbifehopes  and  by- “  jf£vcl??.ce  “  oneftand  clene  relygbn  k™b“  °  reiyS'0n’  that  God  Syfe  tha™  g™» “  fades' for  to^kepe^and'for  all  thaes?hat°cure  lws*  ^  ^  ^  ^  y0ur “  thame  grace  fo  well  for  to  terhe  ,h, „  r  ■  f,  e  of  iaules,  that  God  gyf “  «>  -iii  to  wyrke  eftb  heylfhll^echbg^hnitVotffe^hTtecher^ancf'the  ^  ^ “  the  blys  that  aye  full  ha.  We  fall  pray  fneciallv  for  ,I|  ILn  d  hjf  ,ge,tteS  may  com “  or  fynges  in  this  kirke  or  in  any  other  and/or  a/mh  r  P  ffteSuand  c,erkes  that  redis “  mayntened  or  uphalden  7  ’  "  0th"  thurgh  whame  Godd“  *ryys  es t,ie  W"  and  a])  the  kynges  childer,  and <c  thas  that  hafes  the  gude  counfale  of  Hip  1U^Cr,S  t^ie,  an/^e’  a?d  Specially  for  all “  counfell  to  take  and  orden,  and  for  to  do  thare  eferthatrtn  'hlt.  G?d  g,f  tha™e  Srafe  fwilk “ty,  profet  andweilfare  to  the  rein  ,  and  5  f  TY  belouyng  “God  allmygh- “  ~y"v§  ‘“d  reftrenynS  0fthare  Power*and  thare  males  hyP  C°  °UCr  Cnn,yre’  §aynfta" “  for  al)  gode  communers  of  this  ri reman'd  fathame1 ' that  haTS*"^  f°l,r’  and “  God  gife  thame  grace  fo  weil  to  rewle  itt  that  may  be  fo  P„H t  f°r  “  g0vern’  that “  ^te,  and  profet  a°nd  help  to  the  communera  7  d  '°Uyng’  and  favynS  “  the « - “  wa>de  be  in  quart  and  heill  both  of  body  and  of  fauieP  ^  ^  ^  whare  thai “  foneTilfameidment  ^  ^  ^  “d “  Water,  thatP  God  of  his  gudenragrauntdiam ' J  paImera  wharefoever  thai  be  on  lande  or  on “  gode  gates.  S  S  aUnt  thame  Plr£e  of  °“r  B°de  prayers  and  us  of  thare “  that  G°d  f«  .his  godenes  and  his “  And  for  all  the  fee  farand  that  GPodyallmy/httvyfave  thame  'p3'  “ay  b=uPftMdund; "  PM1'  and  'heir  8udes  in  quart  wha^e  thaie  waide  be  PardS<  a”d “  forays  merq^^ryng^ham  fone^ut^therof1^  and  for  nil  tf^f'0]!  ^  d?de,y/^-  that  God “  maynten  thame  tharein,  and  gif  Zn  °ode^ n  "  ln,Sode  lyfe  that  God “  Prayer  may  be  harde  and  fped  the  tittefthureh  vn,  ™  ui'*'  gudenes,  and  that  this “  here  is  helpes  hardy  with  a  Pater  Nofler  and  a  Ave  P  ’  ’  k  3  ™an  and  woman  that *****  Kyrie* “  £e>n.  Salvum  fac  populum  tuum  Dominr  T)n  '  s  facer doles  tui.  Domine  falvum  fac  re- -virtu, is,  Do/iJJa.  EnurgeDotnine.  DoJneDeus “  tatif  e!  urivafTj tula'tiUfr^,  **"*“''  W™3”  adverf‘- “  O ratio:  Dots,  a  quo  fanlia  deftderia, “  Oratio :  Dens,  qui  caritatis. Ixxxvi “  We lxxxvii Regijl.  >nag. Beverlac. APPENDIX. “  We  fall  make  a  fpeciall  prayer  to  our  lady  faynt  Mary,  and  to  all  thefeir  falychyp  that “  is  in  heven,  for  all  the  brether  and  fiftirs  of  our  moder  kirke  faynt  Petyr  houfe  of  York* «C  faync  'John 'houfe  of  Beverlay ,  faynt  Wilfride  of  Rypon ,  and  faynt  Mary  of  Suthwell ;  and “  fpecially  for  all  thaes  that  are  feik  in  this  parych  or  in  any  other,  that  God  of  his  god- **  hede  relefe  thame  of  thare  panes  and  feknes,  and  turne  thame  to  that  way  that  is  mafte «  to  Goddes  louynge  and  heill  of  thare  faules. “  We  fal  pray  fpecialy  for  all  thaes  that  wirchips  this  kirke  owther  with  buke  or  bell,  vcit- cc  ment  or  chales,  awterclath  or  towel,  or  any  other  anourment  thurgh  qwhilke  haly  kirk  is «  or  may  be  more  honorde  or  wirchipt. “  We  fall  pray  alfo  fpecialy  for  all  thafe  that  gifesor  fendes,  ,or  in  teltment  wyles  any  gode tc  in  mayntenyng  of  this  kirk  or  kirk  warke:  And  for  all  thafe  that  fyndes  any  lyght  in  this a  kirk,  as  torche,  ferge,  or  lampe  in  wirchyping  of  God  or  any  of  his  haloufe. “  We  fall  pray  alfo  for  all  women  that  er  bun  with  childer  in  thisparichin  or  in  any  other, cc  that  God  comforth  thame  and  delyver  thame  with  joy,  and  fend  thare  childer  criftendom, “  and  the  moders  puryfying  of  haly  kirk,  and  relefe  of  payn  in  thare  travelyng. «<  We  fall  alfo  pray  for  thame  that  this  day  gafe  brede  to  this  kirk,  haly  brede  to  be “  made  of,  for  thame  it  firft  began  and  langeft  haldes  opon.  For  thame  and  lor  us,  and  for “  all  other  that  neid  has  of  prayer  in  wirchyp  of  our  lady  faynt  Mary ,  ilk  man  and  woman “  hayls  oure  lady  with  five  aves.  A.  Ave  regirn  celorum ,  ave  domina  angelcrum  5.  Pojt “part  ton.  Oratio  :  Famttlorum  tuorum.  Tempore  pafchali  a.  Regina  cell.  5.  P  oft  par  turn. “Oratio:  Gratiam  tUarti. “  We  fal  make  a  fpeciall  prayer  for  oure  faders  faules,  moder  fauls,  oure  godfader  faules, “  godmoder  faules,  brether  faules,  fitters  faules,  and  all  oure  evenkyn  faules,  and  lor  all “  our  gude  frend  faules,  and  for  all  the  faules  whas  banes  er  berryd  in  this  kirke,  or  in  this <c  kirk-yerd,  or  in  any  other,  and  fpecialy  for  all  the  faules  that  abydes  the  mercy  or  Go “  in  the  paynes  of  purgatory,  that  God  for  his  mykil  mercy  relefe  thame  of  thare  pay ns 1 «  it  be  his  will,  and  that  our  prayers  myght  fumwhat  ftand  thame  in  fteide,  ilk  man  an “  woman  helpes  hertly  with  a  Pater  Nofter  and  a  Ave. cc  De  profit ndis.  Kyrieleefon ,  Chrijleleefon,  Kyrieleefon.  Pater  nojler.  Et  ne  nos  hid.  Requiem cc  eternam.  Credo  videre.  A  porta  inf eri.  Do  minus  nojler.  Oratio :  Eidelium  Deus  omnium* “  requiefcant  in  pace  fidelium  animeperm. The  firft  foundation  of  the  collegiate  church  of  hlejjed  John  of  Beverley.  Ex  MS.  dom.  T.  Herbert  *. TH  E  collegiate  church  of  bleffed  John  of  Beverley  was  anciently  founded  in  the  county of  York ,  in  a  certain  country  called  Deyira,  to  wit,  in  the  wood  of  the  Deyirtam  m the  time  of  Lucius,  the  mod  illuftrious  king  of  (England  then  called)  Brittany,  the  firft kin<r  of  the  fame,  the  fon  of  Coil  a  pagan  king,  anointed  by  pope  Elcutbenus  the  thirteenth after  Peter,  in  the  year  of  our  lord  Jefus  Chrijt,  the  fon  of  God  the  father  almighty,  cre¬ ator  of  heaven  and  earth,  together  with  the  Holy  Ghoft,  according  to  the  computation  of the  church  of  England  126.  ...  .  , Afterwards  it  was  deftroyed  by  the  pagans  Orfe  and  Hengijl ;  and  is  again  renewed  and founded  by  the  aforefaid  bleffed  John  archbilhopof  York-,  is  ordained  a  monaftery  of  black monks,  of  religious  nuns  virgins,  feven  fecular  priefls  for  the  fervice  of  God,  and  divers other  minifters,  to  wit,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  7°4-  ere And  alfo  again  it  is  deftroyed  by  the  pagans  Hubba  and  llungar  Hanes,  the  Ions  ot Swayn  king  of  the  Hanes.  _  ,  . After  that  it  is  refounded  and  augmented  by  the  moft  illuftrious  king  ot  England  Atoel - (lane,  who  endowed  the  faid  church  with  divers  priviledges,  gifts  and  benefices,  and  fo  it remained  honourably  endowed  under  the  government  of  feven  canons,  until  the  coming of  William  called  the  baftard,  the  conqueror  and  king,  and  fo  until  the  year  of  our  Lord  1082. And  then  by  the  confent  of  William  called  Rufus  of  England,  Thomas  archbifhop,  called the  elder,  by  the  alfent  of  the  canons  and  others  whom  it  concerned,  Thomas  the  nephew of  the  faid  lord  archbifhop,  a  prieft,  was  ordained  and  called  the  firft  provoft,  to  whom fucceeded  Thurjlan  of  bleffed  memory,  to  whom  Thomas  called  the  Norman,  to  whom  Ro¬ bert,  to  whom  Thomas  Becket,  archbifhop  of  Canterbury,  to  whom  another  Robert ,to  whom Galfrid,  to  whom  Symon,  to  whom  Fulco  Buffet,  to  whom  John  Cbcfull,  to  whom  f/Iite  o i York,  to  whom  John  Mauncell,  to  whom  Alane,  to  whom  Morgan  the  provoft,  to  whom  the venerable  father  and  lord,  lord  Peter  of  Cbefter,  who  purchafed  many  tenements,  revenues and  fervices  to  the  faid  provoftfhip  and  provoft  thereof,  and  left  implements  of  divers  goods and  chattels  in  all  the  manors  of  the  faid  provoftfhip  both  quick  and  dead  ;  to  whom  Ha- mo,  to  whom  Mr.  Robert  of  Alburwick,  to  whom  Mr.  William  of  Melton,  to  whom  Mr. Nicholas  of  Rugate,  to  whom  Mr.  William  de  la  Mare,  to  whom  Mr.  Ru hard  of  Ravens, to  whom  Mr.  Adam  of  Lynbergfh ,  to  whom  the  venerable  ctrcumfpeft  man  Mr.  John  ot 1 Tborejby ,  to  whom  the  noble  and  venerable  father  and  circumfpedl  man  Mr .  iu  o  !  'Lanje- ley ,  provoft,  prebendary  of  the  prebend  of  St.  James ,  preftdent  of  the  chapter,  canon  re  1- dentiary  of  the  faid  church,  prebendary  of  the  prebend  of  Hujitbwait  ot  the  cathedral *  Thcfc  collections  arc  all  of  them  printed  in  Englifti  and  Latin  in  Leland's  CollcBunm,  publiihed  by  Mr.  Hearn*. APPENDIX.  Ixxxviii church  of  Fork,  prebendary  of  the  prebend  of  Brennefwood  of  the  church  of  St.  Paul  in  Lon¬ don,  prebendary  of  the  prebend  of  C  re  fall  in  the  church  of  St.  Martin  the  great  in  London , parfon  of  the  church  of  Hacneyes,  and  mafter  of  the  free  chapel  in  Maldon  in  whofe  time the  faid  treatife  was  compiled  by  Symon  Ruffel,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1416,  in  the  month of  January . Archbishops  of  YORK, A.  C. 62 2.  1.  St.  Paulinus  died  644. Vac  at  annos  20. 666.  2.  Cedda. 3.  Wilfridus. 4.  St.  Boza. 687.  5.  St.  John  of  Beverley,  he  was  bifhop  thirty  three  years  three  months  and  thirteen days,  after  which  he  lived  privately  at  Beverley  in  the  college  there,  built  and founded  by  himfelf,  (Ac.  and  dying  the  7th  ol  May  in  the  year  721,  was  buried in  the  porch  of  the  church  belonging  to  the  college. The  better  to  illuftrate  the  antiquity  and  hiftory  of  this  church,  and  to  fupply  the  defect of  the  provofts,  from  the  above  cited  regifter,  I  fhall  here  add  the  tranflation  of  an  an-  E*  Lelandi tient  manufcript,  De  vita  S.  Johannis  archiep'tfcopi  Eboracen.  five  de  antiquitate  Eeverlacenfi  c°^lbf^h liber  auihoris  incerti,  which  he  divides  in  three  parts.  Weftmonaft. In  Bernicia,  is  Hexam ,  Richmond,  Carlijle  and  Copland. In  Deira  is  York  and  Beverley ,  and  many  other. Anciently,  that  country  alone,  which  was  fituated  between  the  eaftetn  ocean  the  rivers Darwent  and  Humber,  was  called  Deira,  but  now  Eafl -riding. Deirwent,  i.  e.  or  the  ford  of  Deira,  or  Deirians. Low  Deira,  in  refpedl  of  the  higher  between  the  fea  and  Humber,  becaufe  it  extends  itfelf like  a  nofe,  the  fyllable  nefs  is  added  by  the  inhabitants,  and  is  commonly  called  Holdernefs. Coif,  the  laft  archflamen  of  the  pagan  worfhip  at  York. Godmundigham,  a  place  of  idols,  not  far  from  York  eaftwards,  or.  the  other  fide  Darwent j Paulinus  baptized  in  the  river  Trent  near  Southwell. Saint  John  archbifhop  of  York  was  born,  as  is  commonly  believed,  in  the  village  of Harpham. Folchardus  of  Canterbury  writ  the  life  of  St.  John  archbifhop  of  York. St.  John  was  the  firft  dodtor  of  divinity  in  Oxford. The  Venerable  Bede  was  the  fcholar  of  St.  John. St.  John  was  the  fcholar  of  Theodore  archbifhop  of  Canterbury. St.  John  was  a  hermit  at  Harnefeigh ,  i.  e.  in  the  mountain  of  the  eagle,  upon  the  bank of  the  river  Tyne  near  Hexam . King  Alfrid  a  favourer  of  St.  John. St.  John  fucceeded  Eata  bifhop  of  Hagufald. St.  John  frequented  the  oratory  of  St.  Michael  near  Hexam. St.  John  was  made  archbifhop  of  York. Herebaldus  the  difciple  of  St.  John  and  his  infeparable  companion. Brithunus  the  difciple  of  St.  John,  afterwards  abbot  of  Beverly. St.  Sigga,  St.  John's  deacon. Wilfrid  the  lefs,  afterwards  archbifhop  of  York,  the  difciple  of  St.  John. Hereburgis  abbefs  of  Welandun. Quenburgis  a  nun  of  Wetandun,  cured  by  St.  John. Deirewald  a  woody  place,  i.  e.  the  wood  of  the  Deirians,  afterwards  Beverlac,  or  the  Lake of  Severs,  fo  named  from  the  bevers  with  which  the  neighbouring  river  Hull  abounded. St.  John  founded  in  Beverley  aparifh  church  dedicated  to  St.  John  the evangelifl ,  and  having obtained  the  fite  and  title  of  this  place,  he  converted  the  aforefaid  holy  church  into  a  mo- naftery,  and  affigned  it  to  monks.  He  there  built  anew  the  prefbytery  or  choir  of  the church,  the  prior  of  St.  John's  having  a  place  in  the  nave  of  the  church.  He  built  to  the fouth  of  the  faid  church  the  oratory  of  St.  Martin,  where  he  afterwards  placed  nuns. He  added  to  thofe  monafteries  feven  prefbyters  and  as  many  clerks  in  the  nave  of  the church  of  St.  John. St.  John  procured  to  his  monafteries  the  manor  of  Ridinge,  and  then  built  the  church  of St.  Nicholas  in  the  land  of  his  lordfhip. Earl  Puca  having  a  manor  at  South  Burton  two  miles  from  Beverley,  Yelfrida  the  daughter of  earl  Puca  was  made  nun  at  Beverley ,  whofe  mother  St.  John  had  delivered  from  a  fit  of ficknefs.  Puca  gave  with  his  daughter  the  manor  of  Walkington.  Yelfrida  died  on  the  3d  of the  ides  of  March  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  742.  whofe  bones  are  buried  at  Beverley. Earl  Addi  of  North  Burton,  gave  North  Burton  with  the  advowfon  of  the  fame  to  the church  of  Beverley  in  the  time  of  St.  John  the  archbifhop.  After  thofe  chapels  were  built in  Lekingfeild  and  Scorburgh,  which  were  in  the  parifli  of  Burton,  and  in  procefs  of  time made  parilh  churches. (a)  Lelandi  col.  tom.  II.  ed.  Hearne, (b)  In  fundo  Domini  fni. Here ■ Ixxxix APPENDIX. Herebaldus  the  difciple  of  St.  John ,  abbot  of  Tinmouth King  Ofred  for  his  love  of  St.  John  gave  Dalton  to  the  church  of  Fork,  in  which  village at  that  time  was  a  manor  of  the  king’s. St.  John  having  left  his  biflioprick  parted  four  years  in  Beverley. St.  John  purchafed  to  the  church  of  Beverley  lands  in  Middleton ,  Welvnck,  Billon  and Patrington. Brithunus ,  the  firfl  abbot  of  Beverley ,  died  on  the  ides  of  May,  A.  D.  733.  and  was  bu> ried  near  St.  John. JVinwaldus  a  monk  of  the  fame  place,  thefecond  abbot,  died  A.  D.  751. Wulfetb,  third  abbot  of  Beverley ,  died  A.  D.  773. The  names  of  the  reft  of  the  abbots  are  unknown. In  the  year  146.  from  St.  John's  death  the  monaftery  of  Beverley  was  deftroyed  by  the Danes,  with  the  books  and  all  the  ornaments. The  monaftery  of  Beverley  remained  three  years  defolate. Pnrt  II.  Afterwards  the  prefbyters  and  clerks  returned  to  Beverley  and  repaired  the  place. Beverley ,  a  village  fituated  in  the  hundred  of  Succolfros. King  Athelftane  came  to  Beverley ,  and  having  conquered  the  Scots,  built  there  a  new  col¬ lege  of  fecular  canons. St.  John's  town  in  Scotland,  fo  called  by  king  Atbeljlan ,  for  the  love  which  he  had  to  the church  of  St.  John  of  Beverley. Adeljtan  gave  lands  to  the  church  of  Beverley  in  Brandefburton  and  Lokington.  King mvtrs  and  Atheljlan  his  right  of  horjlraffa,  i.  e.  of  the  feeding  of  borfes,  of  the  forage  ofhorfes  which thravu.  was  pajj  t0  j1jm  year]y  in  the  Eajl-riding. St.  John's  ftandard  carried  by  king  Atheljlan  when  he  vanquilhed  the  Scots.  King  Atheljlan feeking  a  fign  by  which  he  might  know  the  Scots  fubjeft  by  right  to  the  Englijh,  deeply wounded  a  rock  with  his  fword  at  Dunbar. Deira  which  is  incompafted  on  one  fide  with  the  river  Darwent ,  on  the  other  with  the Humber,  and  on  the  third  with  the  northern  or  eaftern  ocean. The  charter  of  the  fame  king  Atheljlan  of  the  immunity,  liberty  and  fandluary  of  the  lands of  St.  John.  Writ  in  Saxon. The  crofs  on  the  farther  fide  Molefcroft  valley  one  of  the  bounds  of  peace,  and  the  place of  refuge  or  fan&uary  of  St.  John-,  king  Atheljlan  ordained,  that  Beverley  fhould  be  the  head of  all  Eajl-riding. Atbeljlan  confirmed  thefe  priviledges  A.  D.  938,  and  from  the  death  of  St.  John  217. From  this  time  the  town  of  Beverley  became  larger,  and  great  was  the  concourle  of  peo¬ ple.  In  thefe  times  the  people  reforting  in  great  numbers,  by  the  confent  of  the  canons  of Beverley,  two  chapels  are  built  at  Fork,  one  in  honour  of  the  blefied  virgin,  the  other  of St.  Thomas  the  apoftle  ;  faving  the  right  of  the  mother  church. Alfric  the  feventeenth  archbilhop  of  Fork, '  tranflated  the  bones  ofSt.  John.  A  ring,  with the  fragments  of  a  book  of  the  gofpels  was  found  in  St.  John's  fepulchre.  This  tranrtation was  made  in  the  year  from  the  death  of  John  316,  A.  D.  1037,  the  8’b  °f  the  kalends  of November ,  in  the  time  of  Edward,  before  he  had  obtained  the  dignity  of  the  kingdom. This  writing  was  afterwards  found  in  the  cafe  of  relicks  of  St.  John. Anno  Dom.  1188,  Sept.  6,  St.  John's  church  was  burnt  in  the  night  after  the  feaft  of St.  Mathew  the  apoftle.  At  the  fame  time  were  tranflated  the  bones  of  St.  Brithunus  abbot Sactijam.  cf  Beverley.  This  Alfred  bilhop  of  Fork  ordained  there  officiates  in  the  church  of  Bever¬ ley,  a  fexton,  a  chancellor,  and  a  precentor,  who  ffiould  wear  a  canonical  habit.  This Afrid  bought  of  one  Fortius  a  rich  man,  land  at  Middleton,  Holme  and  Fridaythorp,  to  thefe alio  Afrid  obtained  from  king  Edward,  that  there  fhould  be  three  annual  fairs,  at  Bever¬ ley.  He  alfo  made  a  cuftom,  that  the  more  noble  of  thofe  who  dwelt  nigh,  ffiould  thrice in  the  year  follow  the  relicks  of  St.  John  within  and  without  the  town  both  falling  and barefooted.  He  alfo  defigned  to  have  built  the  refectory  and  dormitory  at  Beverley,  buc was  prevented  by  death. Kinfius  archbilhop  of  Fork,  built  a  high  tower  in  the  church  of  Beverley. Aldred  archbilhop  of  Fork,  finiffied  the  refe&ory  and  dormitory,  in  the  Bedhern  at  Fork(c). Dominium.  King  Edward,  at  the  inftance  of  Aldred,  gave  to  the  church  of  Beverley  a  lordffiip  in Leven.  He  firft  made  the  feven  canons  prebendaries.  He  alfo  afligned  certain  places  to  the prebendaries,  and  appointed  vicars  for  them.  This  Aldred  adorned  the  old  church  with  a new  choir.  He  alfo  added  an  eigth  canon  prebendary.  He  alfo  decorated  the  whole  church from  the  choir  to  the  tower,  with  painting,  which  he  called  heaven.  He  alfo  adorned  the opere Teutonico pulpit  over  the  entrance  of  the  choir  with  brafs,  filver  and  gold  with  wonderful  Teutonic work. Van  ill.  Alveredus  the  hiftorian,  facrift  and  treafurer  of  Beverley,  writ  the  hiftory  of  the  Englijh affairs. King  William  the  firft  had  fixed  his  tents  feven  miles  from  Beverley ,  Thurjlinus  a  knight (c)  A  mi  flake  for  Beverley of xc APPENDIX. of  William  I.  purfued  a  Veteran  in  the  church  of  Beverley  with  his  drawn  fword,  and  was there  miferably  ftruck  with  a  difeafe. William  I.  gave  Siglefthorn  to  the  church  of  Beverley ,  and  commanded  that  his  army  fhould not  hurt  the  church  of  Beverley. William  I.  to  earl  Mar  char,  and  Gamalael  the  ion  of  OJbern.  DeeJliriMoraJh Thomas  the  elder ,  archbifhop  of  York,  gave  to  Thomas  the  younger  his  nephew,  a  new  dig¬ nity  by  reafon  the  difcord  of  the  canons,  i.  e.  the  provoflfhip  of  Beverley ,  yet  fo  as  that lie  fhould  neither  have  a  vote  in  the  chapter,  or  a  flail  in  the  choir.  This  place  which was  anciently  called  Bedern  is  now  the  provofl’s  houfe,  and  the  new  Bedern  is  joined  to  his houfe,  where  are  now  the  vicars  of  the  prebendaries,  to  whom  the  provoft  pays  their  ftipends. 1.  Thomas  junior.  &x  Melik  ad- 2.  Tburjlan ,  afterwards  archbifhop  of  York.  He  was  the  firft  archbifhop,  &c.  who  hadS^Bevcrl^" a  prebend  in  Beverley ,  and  this  honour  the  archbifhops  his  fucceffors  retained. 3.  Thomas  the  Norman. 4.  Robert. 5.  Thomas  Becket. 6.  Robert. 7.  Geoffry ,  in  the  time  of  Henry  II. 8.  Simon. 9.  Fulco  Bajjet. 10.  John  Chejhul. 11.  William  of  York  in  the  time  of  Henry  III.  he  was  bifhop  of  Salifbury. 12.  John  Maunfell  treafurer  of  York. 13.  Alan. 14.  Morgan. j  5.  Peter  of  Chefter. 16.  Haymo  de  Charto ,  a  foreigner,  he  was  deprived  of  the  provoflfhip,  and  afterwards  Epifcopas  Gi- made  bifhop  of  G.  benenlis. 17.  Robert  de  Alburwick. 1 8.  Mailer  Walter. 19.  William  de  Melton. 20.  Nicholas  Hug  ate. 21.  William  de  la  Mar  in  the  time  of  Edward  III. 22.  Richard  de  Ravenfar  who  improved  the  provoflfhip. 23.  Adam  Limbergh. 24.  Mr.  John  Thorejby. 25.  Mr.  Robert  Manfeild. 26.  William  Kinwolmarfech  afterwards  treafurer  of  England. 27.  Robert  Nevelle.  He  built  the  tower  of  Bedhern  in  the  time  of  Henry  VI. 28.  Robert  Rolledon. 29.  John  Gerningham  treafurer  of  York. 30.  Laurence  Bouth,  afterwards  bifhop  of  Durham ,  and  archbifhop  of  York. 31.  Mr.  John  Bouth ,  afterwards  bifhop  of  Exon. 3  2 .  Henry  Webber. 33.  Peter  Tajlar  a  foreigner. 34.  William  Potman. 35.  Hugh  Trotter. 3 6 . 37.  Thomas  Dolby. 38.  Thomas  Winter. Godmundham  is  a  mile  from  Wighton  by  eafl. Harpham  in  the  Woolde  not  very  far  from  Driffeild. I  he  church  of  St.  Nicholas  in  Beverley  commonly  called  Holme  chtirch,  where  there  is  a cut  for  fmall  veffels,  the  cut  out  of  Hull  river  to  the  bridge  at  Holme ,  on  the  cut  about  half a  mile. South  Burton ,  alias  Bi/hops  Burton ,  two  miles  from  Beverley  in  the  way  to  York.  Wal- kington  two  miles  by  weft  from  Beverley.  North-Burton  half  a  mile  fouth  weft  from  Lekin- feild.  Scorburgh  a  mile  north  eafl  from  Lekingfeild.  Dalton  four  miles  north  weft  from  Be¬ verley,  the  provoft  has  a  pretty  houfe  there. Molefcroft  crofs,  a  limit  of  the  fandtuary,  hard  by  entering  Lekingfeild  park  from  Be¬ verley. There  was  another  towards  North-Burton  a  mile  out  of  Beverley. There  was  another  towards  Kinwalgreves  a  mile  out  of  Beverley. There  was  another  crofs  by  fouth  toward  Humber ,  all  thofe  were  marks  of  fandtuary, each  a  mile  out  of  Beverley. Siglefthorn  in  Holdernefs. XC1 APPENDIX. The  infcription. Haec  fedes  lapidea  ab  Anglis  dicebatur  Fridftolidt,  i.  e.  pads  cathedra  ad  quatn  reus  fugxendo perveniens  omnimodam  pads  fecuritatem  habebat. £x-  itaD.]o-  Uereburgas  abbefs  of  the  monaftery  of  Wetandune. l^ctcre  Fol-01  John  dedicated  the  church  of  South -Burton. chardo  Duro-  Herebald ,  afterwards  a  monk  of  Tinmouth ,  a  fervant  of  John  the  bifhop. vemenfi.  John  came  to  the  fynod  appointed  by  king  Ofred. Brithun  abbot  of  Beverley. Herebald  the  clerk  of  John ,  afterward  abbot  of  Tinmouth. John  remained  in  the  bifhoprick  thirty  three  years.  Religned  it  to  his  chaplain  Wilfrid , and  died  in  Beverley  on  the  nones  of  May  A.  D.  721. I  ’  c'f~  Trujlin  a  noble  captain  together  with  the  Normans  came  to  Beverley  to  plunder  the  town, v^iac.'  ’aj  'bllt  perifhed. Thoms m  William  the  baftard,  king  of  England ,  was  very  bountiful  to  the  people  of  Beverley, praepoj  t .  tie  Robert  de  S  tut  evil!,  lord  of  the  caftle  of  Cottingham. mirnc  Joannis EbOTf  r  fi  n‘  charter  °f  privileges  given  to  king  Athelftan  by  St.  John  of  Beverley,  anno  Dom. DCCCCXXV  (d). Ar.no  ab  incarnatione  Domini  millefimo  centefimo  offogefimo  offavo  combufla  fuit  haec  ecclefia in  menfe  Septembri  infequenti  noble  poft  fejlutn  fanffi  Matthaei  apojloli :  et  in  anno  millejimo  cen- tejimo  nonagefimo  feptimo,  fexto  iduum  Martii  Jaffa  fuit  inqui/itio  reliquiarum  bead  Johannis  in hoc  loco ,  el  invent  a  funt  haec  offa  in  orientali  parte  fepulchri  et  hie  recondita ,  et  pulvis  caemento mixtus  ibidem  inventus  ejl  et  reconditus. Collected  by  fir  Tho.  Herbert ,  bart. MS.  n -ritttn  by fir  Tho.  Her¬ bert. The  Church  of  Ripon. “F  H  E  collegiate  church  of  Rippon  was  firft  founded  by  St.  Wilfrid  (who  after  Paulinus ,  was X  the  third  archbilhop  of  York  in  fuccefiion)  buried  in  the  faid  church  or  monaftery  in  the year  of  our  Lord  710.  and  there  refted  until  about  two  hundred  and  twenty  years  after,  his embalmed  corps  were  removed  to  the  monaftery  of  Chrift  church  in  Canterbury ,  by  * Odo furnamed  Severn,  archbilhop  thereof,  who,  as  Mr.  Camden  obferves,  was  in  thofe  days  a great  mafter  of  ceremonial  myfteries  his  epitaph  is  recorded  by  Bede  lib.  5.  cap.  20.  Du¬ ring  many  lharp  contefts  that  after  happened  betwixt  the  Saxon  and  Dane  for  fupremacy, th:s  church  at  Ripon  had  its  equal  lhare  in  the  mifery  of  other  places,  being,  by  the  en¬ raged  Dane ,  who,  as  hiftories  report,  at  that  time  feared  neither  God  nor  man,  in  a  fort thrown  down  and  made  even  with  the  ground,  the  town  being  alfo  utterly  wafted  and  de- ltroyed,  fo  as  for  fome  years  the  place  was  uninhabited,  until,  through  the  royal  bounty  of that  victorious  prince  king  Athelftan  and  liberal  contribution  of  the  archbilhop  and  feveral other  worthy  perfons  lay  and  clergy,  the  town  was  rebuilt  and  peopled,  and  the  church m  fhort  time  recovered  Irelh  luftre  ;  yea  for  further  encouragement  endowed  with  fundry privileges  and  immunities,  by  making  it  a  fanCtuary  or  place  of  refuge,  as  by  the  copy  of the  charter  then  granted  may  appear,  viz. T  N  nomine  fanftae  et  individuae  trinitatis  Athelftanus  Dei  gratia  rex  Angliae  omni- bus  hommibus  fuis  de  Eborafcira  et  per  totam  Angliam  falutem.  Sciatis  quod  ego “  connrmo  ecclefiae  etcapitulo  Ripon  pacem  fuam  et  omnes  libertates  et  conluetudines  fuas, “  et  conccdo  eis  curiam  fuam  de  omnibus  querelis  et  in  omnibus  curiis  de  hominibus  S.Wil- “fridi  pro  ipfis  et  hominibus  fuis,  vel  contra  ipfos,  vel  inter  fe  adinvicem,  vel  quae  fieri “  P°fiunt,  et  judicium  fuum  pro  Freedmortell,  et  quod  homines  fui  fintcredendi  per  fuum  Ya et  pei  fuum  Na,  et  omnes  terras  habitas  et  habendas  et  homines  fuos  ita  liberos,  quod “  nec  rex  Angliae ,  nee  miniftri  ejus  nec  archiepifcopus  Eborum ,  nec  miniftri  ejus  aliquid  fa- “  ciant  vel  habeant,  quod  eft  ad  terras  fuas,  vel  ad  Sok  capituli. “  Teftibus  Tt  archiepifcopo  Eborum  et  P.  praepofito  Beverlad. Alia  charta Witen  all  yat  is  and  is  ga?ie Yal  ich  king  Adelftane Has  yeaven  as  freelich  as  ich  may To  kirk  and  capital  of  St.  Wilfray Of  my  free  devotion Yair  pees  at  Ripon On  ilk  fide  that  kirk  a  mile For  all  ill  deeds  and  ilk  a  guile And  within  the  kirkenyate And  at  the  Jtane  that  grithjiool  hate (i)  Vide  Monafl. regis  Adelftani. Within  the  kirk  door  and  the  quaire They  have  theire  pees  for  left  and  mare liken  of  theire  feeds Sail  have  pees  of  freed-mortell  and  ill  deeds Yat  withouten  it  done  is  toll ,  thame Sok,  fac ,  with  y me  and  with  water  deme And  do  wrack  and  at  land  at  St.  Wilfray Of  ilken  guiidfrea  fall  been  ay Yat  ine  have  nane  that  langs  me  to In  thair  harfhape  fchat  have  at  fo vol.  I.  p.  171. And A  P  P  E  N  D  l  X. And  for  ich  wald  y  at  yai  been  fave Jch  will  yat  yai  ilken freedeem  have And  in  all  things  be  as  free As  heart  may  think  or  eigh  may  fee At  the  -power  of  a  kinge. Tat  majl  make  free  any  thinge And  my  feile  have  ich  fett  yarto For  I  will  yat  net  man  this  gift,  undo. By  virtue  of  which  charters  and  the  publick  peace  that  enfued,  this  monaftery  continued in  profperity  for  many  years,  even  until  the  Norman  conqueft,  which  happened  in  the  year of  our  Lord  1066.  .  . A  revolution  that  at  firft  was  mixed  with  much  vigour  and  fome  broiles  wherein  tins place  ran  an  equal  fate  with  Fork,  and  feveral  other  parts  of  that  county  which  were  fub- jeCted  to  the  mercilefs  cruelty  of  fire  and  fpoil,  the  ufual  concomitants  ol  war.  Neverthe- lefs  as  the  publick  affairs  fettled,  this  church  and  town  recovered  freffi  breath,  and  through the  conqueror’s  royal  favour,  and  benevolence  of  fucceeding  princes  received  freffi  confirma¬ tion  of  liberties,  as  by  the  refpeCtive  charters  at  this  day  extant  are  acknowledged,  that granted  by  the  conqueror’s  youngeft  fon  king  Henry  I.  for  the  benefit  of  the  town  being as  followeth. «c  ttE  NR  TCUS  rex  Angliae  vicecomitibus  et  miniftris  et  omnibus  baronibus  Francis “  et  Anglis  de  Eboracifcira  et  Northumberlandia  falutem.  Sciatis  me  conceflifle  S.  Wil- “  frido  de  Ripun  et  Thomae  archiepifcopo  Eboracenfi  habere  feriam  per  quatuor  dies  ad  fe- “  ftum  S  .Wilfridi  de  Aprili  duobus  diebus  ante  feftum  et  die  fefti  et  in  craftino-,  et  praeci- “  pio  quod  omnes  illuc  euntes  et  inde  redeuntes  cum  omnibus  mercatis  fuis  habeant  meam “  firmam  pacem  ne  eis  injuria  vel  contumelia  fiat,  neque  difturbentur,  luper  decern  libra- “  rum  fori sfaCtu ram. “  Teftes  Nigellus  de  Albineo  et  Gaufridus  filius  Pagani,  et  Gaufridus  de  Clynton  apud  Wood’ “  Jlokam. Confirmatio  regis  Stephani  de  libertatibus  infra  Leucam. “  ntTephanus  rex  Angliae  archiepifcopis  epi-fcopis,  abbatibus,  baronibus,  vicecomitibus  et omnibus  miniftris  fuis  fidelibus  Francis  et  Anglis  totius  Angliae-i ajutem.  Praefentis «e  chartae  teftimonio  confirm,  ecclefiae  S.  Wilfridi  de  Ripun  pacem  fuam  infra  leucam  fuam “  et  ejufdem  pads  violatae  emendationem  ficut  eft  ab  alique  praedecelforum  meorum  me- “  lius  ipfi  ecckfiae  collata,  et  a  me  cum  eifdem  regibus  confirmata.  Privilegia  quoque et  donationes  quae  a  regibus  Edwardo  fcilicet  et  avo  meo  Willielmo  confecuta  eft,  et  li- <c  bertateS  omnes  et  dignitates  et  confuetudines  et  reCtitudines  fuas,  tarn  in  aquis  quam  in “  terris,  et  in  omnibus  poffeflionibus  fuis  in  Saca  et  Socca  et  in  his  quae  ad  illam  ubique <c  pertinent.  Ferias  etiam  fuas  quinque  diebus  omnibus  illuc  venientibus  et  illinc  redeunti- <c  bus,  cum  omnibus  rebus  fuis  cum  mea  pace  concedo  et  volo  et  firmiter  praecipio,  quod cc  ipfa  ecclefia  ita  teneat  bene  et  in  pace  et  honorifice  in  omnibus  rebus  in  bofeo  et  piano, “  in  pratis  et  pafturis  in  terris  et  aquis,  in  navibus  et  portubus,  et  in  omnibus  aliis  rebus tt  flcut  jpfa  unquam  melius  et  plenius  et  honorabilius  tenuit  tempore  regis  Edwardi  et  tem- “  pore  Willielmi  avi  mei  et  tempore  avunculorum  meorum,  Willielmi  regis  et  Henrici  regis, “  et  ficut  chartae  praedeceflorum  meorum  teftificantur. “  Teftibus  Alexandra  epifeopo  Lxncolnienf ,  et  Nigello  epifeopo  Elen/,  et . “  epifeopo  Eboracenfi ,  et  Adelpho  epifeopo  Carlienfi ,  et  Roberto  de  Vere  apud  Eborum. So  as  this  church  of  S.  Wilfrid  by  the  influence  of  thofe  and  other  royal  favours  held  up in  a  flourilhing  condition  until  the  year  of  our  Lord  1318,  about  which  gloomy  time  in  the unhappy  reign  of  king  Edward  II.  this  town  and  collegiate  church,  that  had  efcaped  the  mi- feries  feveral  other  places  had  fuffered  during  the  barons  wars,  were  forced  to  redeem  them- felves  from  plunder  and  deftru&ion,  by  payment  of  a  thoufand  marks  in  money  to  the invading  Scots,  who  whilft  the  Englifb  were  befieging  Berwick ,  had  by  Carlile  made  an  un¬ expected  inroad  into  Tork/nre ,  harrafling  thofe  parts  with  fire  and  fword,  returning  the fame  way  they  came  with  fo  confiderable  a  booty  and  fo  little  oppofition,  as  encouraged them  to  enter  England  the  next  year  with  a  running  army,  fpoiling  the  country  where they  came,  and  at  Ripon  making  the  like  demand,  which  the  impoveriflied  inhabitants  de¬ nying  (being  indeed  unable  to  pay)  the  town  and  church  were  forthwith  fired,  and  feve¬ ral  of  the  people  put  to  the  fword,  infomuch  as  for  fome  years  both  of  them  in  a  manner remained  defolate,  until  king  Edward  the  third’s  reign,  who  in  the  purfuit  of  his  juft  claim to  the  crown  of  France ,  and  vindication  of  his  honour,  and  fubjefts  fufferings  by  the  Scot , marched  both  ways  with  his  victorious  army,  witnefs  the  battle  at  Halydon  hills  in  Scotland , and  Poiftiers  in  France  and  through  his  princely  munificence,  together  with  the  care  and charge  of  the  archbifhops,  together  with  the  liberal  contribution  of  feveral  worthy  .be¬ nefactors,  whofe  names  in  the  windows  and  other  parts  of  the  church  are  a  memorial, the  town  was  in  a  manner  new  built,  and  the  Minier  railed  well  nigh  from  the  founda¬ tion,  and  the  three  fteeples  and  fpires  ereCted  with  more  beauty  and  magnificence  than  for¬ merly.  In  which  flourifliing  eftafe  it  ftood  undefaced  even  during  all  that  fharp  difpute about 5 xciii APPENDIX. about  the  crown,  which  for  one  hundred  and  forty  years  had  continued  betwixt  the  puiflant and  illuftrious  houfes  of  Lancajler  and  Fork,  yea  until  the  thirty  fixth  year  of  king  Hen¬ ry  VIII.  when  fo  many  monasteries,  collegies,  hofpitals,  chanteries,  and  free  chapels  were thrown  down  by  the  boifterous  ftorm  that  then  happened,  and  by  which  defolation  (amongft which  that  of  Fountains  in  its  neighbourhood)  the  revenues  thereof  were  converted  to  tem¬ poral  ufes,  foas  the  collegiate  church  muft  needs  tremble  under  fo  dreadful  a  tempeft.  Al¬ beit  at  that  time  it  was  a  parifh  church,  having  an  incorporation  therein  of  feven  preben¬ daries,  having  fix  vicars  inducted  under  them,  which  for  their  living  had  the  tythes,  obla¬ tions,  and  other  profits  apertaining  to  thofe  feven  cures.  Six  of  thefe  prebendaries  having fix  vicars  inducted  under  them  in  that  church  called  Vicars  choral ,  which  fix  vicars  were bound  to  difcharge  the  prebendaries  of  all  cures  and  fervice  in  the  faid  church  ;  each  of  thofe vicars  having  from  thofe  prebendaries  an  annual  ftipend  of  fix  pound.  The  leventh  pre¬ bendary  is  made  of  the  parfonage  of  Stainzvich ,  who  is  called  the  chanter  of  the  faid  church, and  at  Stainwich  hath  a  vicar  endowed  under  him  to  difcharge  him  of  all  cures  and  fervices in  that  church.  The  neceflity  was  to  maintain  God’s  worfhip  in  the  faid  church,  the  keep¬ ing  of  hofpitality,  of  fix  prebendaries,  for  the  relief  of  the  poor,  two  prebendaries  being conftantly  refidcnt,  the  other  five  abfent. There  were  alfo  nine  chantries  founded  in  the  faid  churches  by  divers  perfons,  as  by  their particular  foundations  may  appear.  The  incumbents  being  obliged  to  be  perfonally  pre¬ sent  in  the  choir  of  the  Minjler  at  all  the  fervice,  and  as  occafion  ferved,  to  aftift  the  vi¬ cars  in  adminiftring  the  facraments  to  the  parifhioners,  efteemed  in  number  nine  thoufand, and  were  then  named  petty  canons.  The  chantries  were  as  followeth,  viz. 1.  The  chantry  of  our  lady  in  the  Minjler  or  collegiate  church. 2.  The  chantry  of  our  lady  in  the  manor  of  Ripon. 3.  The  chantry  of  Holy  Trinity ,  beneath  the  choir  in  the  Minjler. 4.  The  chantry  of  St.  Thomas  the  martyr. 5.  The  chantry  of  St.  Andrew  in  the  Minjler. 6.  The  chantry  of  St.  Wilfrid  in  the  Minjler. 7.  The  chantry  of  St.  John  the  evangelijl ,  and  St.  John  the  haptijl  in  the  Minjler. 8.  The  chantry  of  St.  James  in  the  Minjler. 9.  The  chantry  of  the  Holy  Trinity  above  the  choir  in  the  Minjler . The  other  chantries  in  the  fame  parifh  of  Ripon  were,  viz. 1.  The  chantry  of  the  chapel  of  Hutton  Conyers. 2.  The  chantry  of  the  chapel  of  Cletherom. 3.  The  chantry  of  the  two  priefts  in  the  hofpital  of  Mary  Magdalene. 4.  The  chantry  of  the  hofpital  of  St.  John  haptijl. Belonging  likewife  to  the  laid  collegiate  church  were  three  deacons,  three  fubdeacons, fix  treblers,  an  organift  and  grammar  fchool-mafter.  The  three  deacons  had  for  their yearly  ftipend  five  pound  ten  fhillings.  The  three  fubdeacons  for  their  yearly  falary four  pound  ten  fhillings.  The  fix  chorifters  for  their  yearly  ftipend  three  pound  eight fhillings.  The  fix  treblers  for  their  yearly  ftipend  two  pound  twelve  fhillings  and  fix  pence. To  the  fix  chorifters  for  the  liveries  one  pound  four  fhillings.  To  the  organ  player  four¬ teen  fhillings  and  four  pence,  and  to  the  fchool-mafter  two  pound.  All  which  ftipends be  paid  yearly  forth  of  the  common  of  the  church. In  the  faid  church  were  alfo  certain  lands  belonging  as  well  for  the  maintenance  of  fun- dry  chantries  therein,  as  certain  yearly  obits  obferved  in  memory  of  the  donors  of  thofe lands,  and  likewife  for  the  reparations  to  be  from  time  to  time  made  in  and  upon  the  faid church,  as  alfo  upon  feveral  tenements  and  cottages  appertaining  thereunto,  which  lands are  called  the  common  of  the  church. And  in  further  favour  thereof,  in  the  thirty  fixth  year  of  the  reign  of  king  Henry  VIII. a  commifiion  ifiued  under  the  great  feal  impowering  the  archbifhop  for  the  time  being  to difpole  of  the  government  of  the  hofpitals  of  St.  John  haptijl  and  Mary  Magdalene  in  and near  the  town  of  Ripon ,  as  alfo  of  all  and  fingular  the  prebends  and  canons  of  the  faid collegiate  church,  as  they  fhould  from  time  to  time  become  void,  and  to  vifit  and  reform what  fhould  be  found  amifs,  as  by  the  tenor  of  fuch  part  thereof  as  relates  thereto,  may appear  as  followeth, “  Sciatis  etiam  quod,  cum  archiepifcopi  Ehoracenfes ,  in  quorum  provincia  haec  ecclefia “  fundata  et  ftabilita  eft,  fummi  fautores  et  adjutores  iftius  operis  fuerunt  et  in  pofterum “  futuri  funt,  maxime  in  perpetua  donatione  et  collatione  in  ufum  praediflae  ecclefiae  ma- “  gifterii  five  cuftodis  hofpitalii  Mariae  Magdalenae  ac  magifterii  five  cuftodis  hofpitalii “  S.  JoannisbaptiJlae  in  etjuxta  Ripon  in  praeditfto  comitatu  Eborttm ,  Nos  pro  nobis  hae- “  redibus  et  fuccefioribus  noftris,  has  eorum  donationes  et  collationes  faftas  et  facicndas, “  per  noftras  has  literas  confirmamus  et  regia  authoritate  corroboramusi  ac  ratione  publicae “  eorundem  archiepifcoporum  beneficentiae  in  hanc  ecclefiam  continuandae,  nos  pro  no- “  bi  haeredibus  et  fuccefioribus  noftris  ex  gratia  noftra  fpeciali  et  ex  certa  fcientia  et  me- “  ro  motu  per  praefentes  damus  et  concedimus  archiepifcopo  Eborum  et  fuccefioribus  fuis, <c  advocationem.  donationem,  liberam  difpofitionem  et  jus  patronatus  omnium  et  fingulo- “  rum  praebendarum  et  canonicatuum  five  praebendarum  in  eadem  ecclefia  quos  vacare  con- “  tigcric i A  P  P  E  N  D  1  X. "  n°C  J-Q  ad  ejuf'modl  canomcatus,  five  praebendarum  aliquam  illarum  e  tribus  illis  auae  per praediftan.  decanum ,  et  patermtati  nominati  feu  commands, i  fuerint,  conferre,  eidanoue htteras  collation, sad  hoc  fuffic, enter  et  jure  validas  facere  figiliare  et  tradere  “  per fonam  hiqufmod,  m  carton, cae  five  praebendae  illius  poffeflioncm  facere  etexequi  fJZ dumet  exequendum:  Habendum  diftam  advocationem,  donationem,  liberarn  difpofitio “  ne,m  et  lus  patronatus,  etcaetera  praemiffa  eidem  archiepifcopo  per  praefentes  praeconceffi “  eidem  archiepifcopo  et  fucceflbnbus  fuis  in  perpetuum:  Tenendum  de  n»K“2 “  bus  noltris  in  pura  et  perpetua  eleemofyna. „  W  l  fc“tls  ulcerlus’  nos  de  ^eliorf.  gubernatione  et  regimine  ejufdem  ecclefiae  col- eD,atae  de  Ripon,  de  gratia  nofira  fpeciali  ac  ex  certa  fcientiaet  mero  motu  noflro  vo- l  U‘TS  et  concred,mus  quod  idem  archiepifcopus  Eborum  et  fucceffores  fi.i  pro  tempore “  ex,iftentes’  v.fitatores  ecclefiae  colleg.atae  de  Ripon  praedifta  exftiterint;  eidemque  archTe- pilcopo  et  fuccefibribus  fuis,  1, cent, am,  poteftatem  et  authoritatem  damus  per  praefentes quoties  et  quandocunque  praed.fto  archiepifcopo  vel  fuccelforibus  fuis  viderit  necefikrium vifitare  reformate  comgere  et  emendate  omnes  et  omnimodos  errores,  excefiiis  ab"- ‘‘fus,  dchfta,  negbgentias  et  contemptus  eorum  decani  et  capituli  aliorum  in  eadem  eccle- fia  exiftentium,  et  omnia  alia  agere  et  exequ,  in  et  circa  ecclefiam  colleg.  praediftam ..  SjtTdelre  d^f  c  m  3Cademla  ^refufexequi  val Enjoying  not  only  that  but  ail  other  its  antient  endowments  and  immunities  until  the reign  oi  hngEdward  IV.  in  whofe  minority  was  that  law  enafted  in  parliament  concern¬ ing  chantries  and  colleges  by  force,  whereof  this  church  (with  feveral  other  collegiare and  in  din  fCH  “  ??  T  dePended  UP0"  the  ^chiepifcopal  fee  of  York)  was  difibfved! and  in  that  fad  condition  lay  gaping,  until  through  the  pious  commiferation  of  king  James and  ’,£1*  r°,me.refP,r3tion>  Pooh  as  with  all  due  thankfulnefs  it  now  holds and  acknow  edpes,  albeit  much  fhort  of  thofe  primitive  rights  it  formerly  enjoyed This  collegiate  church  of  Ripon  hath  belonging  to  it,  1  J  1 fi  dean.  •  ~  •  l.  s.  d. A  fub-dean. XC1V /-  Thorpe,  *\ V Stainwick ,  J jGivendale,  f  /. / Nu'nwick ,  S VS  harrow,-.  ( /  Studley ,  \ v  Munckton,  s Four  finging  men,  two  afiiftants  60  oo  oo Six  rhnrifl-^ro Seven  prebends  ^Ntinwick,  ^624 T wo  vicars  choral - , Six  chorifters One  organift One  verger Ofte  clerk  . _ One  auditor  — One  regifter  — One  library  keeper Clock  keeper 120  00  00  Keeper  of  the  organs 40  00  00 20  00  00 05  00  00 05  00  00 05  00  00 05  00  00 05  00  00 02  03  04 02  00  oo- Olim  duo Jlipendiarii Fines  quadragefimales Decimae  de  Ripon Decimae  Thefaurarii Redditus  cantariorum Pately  Brigs  - 'Decimae  de  Nyd Decimae  de  Grantley Mortuaria  — Liberi  redditus Alii  redditus  ■ - Redditus  ecclefiae. 40  00  00 20  00  00 80  00  00 40  00  00 60  00  00 20  00  00 10  00  00 02  00  00 04  00  00 03  00  00 02  00  00 Decimae  molendinorum  ~ Pro  fabrica  ecclefiae  redditus Rifaw  wood _ Reduced  prebends  pojl  mortem Prebends  and  free  rents Aifmonderby  rents  _ _ . Communities  . _ _ Several  chantries  — . Obits  _ . Pabrick  rents  - — 03  00  00 09  00  00 20  00  00 198  13  02 28  12  02 179  04  04 52  14  02 10  08  08 19  00  00 S  X The appendix. The  top  a  yard  and  a  half St.  Wilfrid’.! Jleeple. Height  40  yards. The  top  1  yard  i. Eight  fquares,  the  bafe  of  each  5  yds.^. Four  fpurs,  the  height  7  yards. The  bafe  of  the  fpur  4  yards. Each  fquare  is  100  yards,  in  all  8co. Each  fpur  is  9  yards,  in  all  36. Four  battlements,  each  containing  13 yards,  in  all  52. So  that  all  the  lead  upon  St.  Wilfrid's, fteeple  is  888  yards  fquare. And  every  five  yards  fquare,  contain¬ ing  25  yards,  will  take  a  fother  of lead,  which  at  8  l.  a  fother  is  284/. 3J-  5^- To  be  abated  out  of  the  244  for  4 yards  i  of  the  top  which  was  wafted by  fire —  about And  for  much  lead  wanting  in  fome decayed  places  of  the  fteeple  about The  common  feal  antiently  ufedby the  chapter  was  the  holy  lamb  Hand¬ ing  upon  a  table,  and  holding  a  ban¬ ner  crufaded  ;  the  infeription  Sigillum S.  Wilfridi  Riponenfis  ecclefiae.  The reverfe  is  Sigillum  capituli  circumfcri- hed . Thus  far  fir  Thomas  Herbert,  who alfo  writ  the  hiftory  of  the  three  other churches,  Tork,  Beverley  and  South, well. OMIS- APPENDIX: xcvj OMISSIONS  in  the  APPENDIX,  {gV. IN  the  Roman  account  of  the  city,  P.  57.  of  the  book;  the  reader  will  find  Dr.  Lifter’s obfervations  on  the  multangular  tower  at  York.  I  have  to  add,  that  Dr.  Lanrwith remarks  that  this  manner  of  building  with  brick  and  ftone  was,  originally,  African  ■ upon  no  lefs  authority  than  that  of  Vitruvius.  If  fo,  in  all  probability  it  was  brought  hi¬ ther  by  the  emperor  Sevens,  who  was  an  African  born.  Dr.  Lifter  in  his  journey  to' Paris, takes  notice  of  this,  fee  p.  55.  where  he  defcribes  the  ruins  of  a  Roman  building  of  the fame  kind  with  the  multangular  tower  at  York. P.  230.  Sell.  3,  In  fir  T.  IV’ s  manufcript  hiftory,  which  I  have  leen  a  copy,  or  the  ori¬ ginal,  of  in  London ,  is  the  cafe  betwixt  York  and  Hull  drawn  up  by  himfelf;  this  I  chufe to  give  in  his  own  Words.  It  is  the  only  thing  that  I  can  find  omitted,  of  any  confe- quence,  in  the  city’s  copy  at  York. York  and  Kingston  upon  Hull, THE  relation  betweene  this  citty  and  the  towne  of  Kingjion  upon  Hull  in  trade  and ‘‘commerce  hath  occafioned  this  chapter  :  they  are  two  fitter  townes  in  this  refpedtt, and  yet  differences  (as  fome  tyme  betweene  filters)  have  heretofore  fallen  betweene  them. “  But  I  find  they  were  all  fettled  by  an  agreement  made  the  28 th  of  June  ann.  Dom.  1578, “  in  the  twentieth  yeare  of  the  late  queene  Elizabeth,  by  certeyne  articles  agreed  upon  be- “  tween  Hugh  Graves  then  lord- major  of  the  citty  of  Yorke,  and  the  citizens  of  the  faid “  city  of  the  one  party,  and  John  Thornton  major  of  Kingjion  upon  Hull ,  and  the  bur^effes “  of  the  fame  of  the  other  party,  by  the  mediation  and  before  the  right  honourable  °Henry “  ?arJe  °f  Huntington ,  &c.  lord  prefident  of  the  then  queenes  majefties  counfeli  eftablifhed “  in  the  north  Parts  for  quietnefs,  and  a  fynall  end  and  order  then  after  to  be  had  be- “  tween  them. I  forbeare  the  mention  of  the  particular  articles  which  are  long,  and  they  are  not  foe *C  j-C£r°r  t^s  difcourfe.  They  are  concluded  with  this  agreement,  that  if  any  doubt  or “  difference  do  an fe  upon  any  of  the  articles  agreed  upon,  that  the  lord  prefident  then  be- mg,  during  his  tyme  fhall  expound  and  order  the  fame,  and  after  that,  the  faid  lord- “  major  of  Yorke,  for  the  tyme  being,  and  the  major  of  Hull, ,  with  the  advice  of  their  re- “  corners,  fhall  compound  all  doubts  and  differences  arifing  between  them  the  faid  par- “  ties  ;  and  if  they  cannot  agree,  the  faid  lord-major  of  the  city  of  Yorke  and  the  major “  of  Kingjion  upon  Hull  to  make  choice  of  fome  one  perfon,  or  more,  as  they  fhall  thinke “  fit  to  order  and  determine  the  fame.  I  wyfh  this  peace  and  unity  may  long  continue  be- “  teen  them,  for  they  are  filters  as  I  have  fayd  before,  and  Yorke  the  elder  filter. “The  towne  of  Hull  being  fituate  with  more  conveniency  for  foreigne  trade,* “  I  hope  it  may  not  weary  the  reader  nor  offend  the  towne  of  Hull* if  in  few’  words  I tell  you  the  ftoiy  of  Hull,  even  from  the  beginning.  It  is  no  difparagement  to  great- “  nefs  to  have  been  little,  which  is  the  cafe  of  Hull. “  But:  fomewhat  mil’crable  for  a  place  to  be  little  that  hath  been  great,  which  is  the  cafe “  of  the  citty  of  Yorke. “  Hull  if  we  may  believe  John  Lelancl  in  his  Itinerary,  was  but  a  mean  fylher  towne  in “  the  dayes  of  king  Edward  III.  and  a  member  of  the  village  of  Hafell :  the  firft  groweth “  ot  it  was  trading  for  filh  into  illands,  from  whence  this  towne  had  the  trade  of  ftocke “  fy*-  In  the  tyme  of  k'ng  Richard  II.  it  waxed  very  rich,  and  Michael  de  la  Pole  mer- “  chant  °f  Hull,  and  prentice  (as  the  fame  Leland  reports,  by  what  warrant  I  knowe  not) “  “  one  P°“en  Hea™S  °f  that  town,  became  in  foe  great  favour  with  the  former  king “  Edward  III.  and  the  prefent  king,  that  he  was  firft  (as  fir  Roger  Owen  in  this  parti- “  cular  reports)  made  chiefe  baron  of  the  exchequer,  and  afterwards  lord  treafurer  of “  England.  This  great  man  being  then  in  high  efteeme  and  honour,  with  his  promifes “  procured  many  grants  and  pnviledges  from  the  kinge  to  this  towne,  (for  what  fhall  not “  be  do.ne  to  the  towne  which  the  king’s  favourite  did  favour)  and  the  towne  hath  fince “  tliat  tyme  continued  in  good  repute,  and  is  very  confiderable  for  trade  at  this  day  ;  Lt- “  land  writes  of  Heddon  an  ancient  port  not  far  from  Hull-,  that  as  Hull increafes,  fo Hed- “  don  decreafed.  I  wy(h  the  like  might  not  be  applied  to  Yorke.  I  mention  not  thefe “  t kings  out  of  any  difaffeftion  to  Hull:  I  really  affeft  it  and  defire  it  may  ftill  grow “  and  flourifh. Et  P.  439-  Sekl.  3.  of  the  book,  the  reader  is  promifed  a  bull  of  pardon,  from  the  then pope,  -for  all  the  accomplices  in  the  tryal  and  beheading  of  archbilhop  Scrape.  This  in- ftrument A  P  P  E  N  D  1  X. ftrumelit  was  miflaid  from  my  papers,  and  before  I  could  recover  it  again,  the  prefs  had aone  over  that  part  of  the  work.  For  which  reafon  it  can  only  find  a  place  here ;  but  is of  lb  finnular  a  nature  as  muft  not  be  omitted  ;  no  hiftormn,  that  I  know  ot,  having  fo much  as  hinted  at  this  circumftance,  except  Godwin,  who  has  met  with  feme  traces  of  it by  this  expreffion  in  his  life  of  Scrope,  “  Neds pondficiae  authores  papa  excommumcavit ,  fed ut  bread  tempore  abfolverel,  facile  cxmatus  eft."  '  .  rue-  r This  put  me  upon  infpedtmg  tire  mftruments  in  the  Fbedera  Ang.  of  thefe  times  to  fee if  any  notice  was  taken  there  of  the  excommunication  or  abfolution  ;  but  all  is  hulh  and filent  as  to  this  matter.  The  traces  that  1  could  make  out  from  thence  are  thefe, Firlt  I  obferve  that  the  inftrument  for  conforming  a  deputy  for  executing  the  office of  conrtable  and  marfhal  was  dated  at  IBlfijopesdllojpc,  juxla  Eborum ,  June  6  1405.  two days  before  the  archbifiiop  and  earl  marfhal  was  beheaded  ;  at  which  time  Henry  was  en¬ deavouring  to  make  out  feme  law  procefc  againft  the  prelate,  to  juftity,  in  fome  meafure, the  intended'  execution  of  him.  Foci  Ang.  tom.  kill. p.  399.  _ Next  it  is  fomewhat  ftrange  that  Henry ,  in  his  notification  of  the  vacancy  ot  the archbilhoprick,  and  of  the  chapter’s  elefting  of  Thomas  Longley  their  dean  into  the  chair, fhould  make  ufe  of  this  expreffion,  vacanle  nttper  archicpifcopatu  Ebor.  per  mortem  bonae memoriae  Richardi  ultimi  archiep.  loci  Hlius.  This  inftrument  was  dated  at  the  cattle  ot TDountcfrcPt,  Aug.  8.  the  tame  year.  Tom.  VIII.  p.  407,  408. In  the  inftrument  for  conftituting  fir  John  Cheyne ,  knt.  and  Mr.  Henry  Chichly,  doaor of  laws,  the  king’s  prodtors  or  envoys,  to  the  court  of  Rome ,  is  this  hint,  de  et  Jupet certis  negodis  nos  et ftntum  regni  noftri  intime  concerncntibus.  This  inftrument  was  dated  at the  cattle  of  Hertford  July  18,  1405.  fa)  by  which  it  appears  that  Henry  was  fomewhat afi-aid  of  the  thunder  from  the  Vatican,  and  thefe  legates  were  fent  in  all  halte  in  order to  divert  the  blow.  Innocent  VII.  was  then  pope,  and,  notwithftandmg  this  precaution of  Henry's^  no  doubt  iflued  out  fome  fevere  decrees  againft  him,  but  of  thefe  no  notice  is taken  at  all  in  the  Foedera.  Innocent  VII.  died  anno  1406,  and  Gregory  XII.  fucceeding, I  find  that  Henry  again  fent  the  fame  ambaffadors  to  Rome,  by  an  inftrument  of  the  fame tenour  with  the  former,  but  dated  at  IVeftminfter,  Auguft  18,  ^07.  The  bull  of  pardon bears  date  April  12,  1408,  fo  that  it  was  fome  time  before  Henry’s  envoys,  by  the  perfua- frve  arguments  of  princes,  could  bring  matters  to  bear  in  that  court.  It  feems  Gregory’s reign  proved  milder  than  his  predeceffors ;  and  he  not  only  confented  to  the  filling  up  the fee  which  had  been  vacant  above  two  years  and  a  half,  by  Bowett,  but  lffued  out,  alfo, this  pardon  It  is  true,  that  neither  the  king  nor  any  one  elfe  is  mentioned  by  name  in the  bull  ■  but  Cujuscunque  Status  was  certainly  inferred  to  include  within  the  pardon Henry  as’  well  as  the  reft.  Gratis,  in  a  natural  fenfe,  is  a  word  of  great  mildnefs  and lenity ;  but  whether  the  court  of  Rome  did  ever  grant  fuch  favours  to  monarchs,  on  fuch terms,  I  leave  to  the  reader’s  judgment.  There  is  another  inftrument  m  the  Foedera  of the  reftitution  of  the  temporalities  to  Bowet ,  in  which  the  excommunication  is  plainly hinted  at ;  and  by  which  it  appears  that  Bowet,  whiift  bilhop  of  Bath  snA  Wells ,  had  pub- lifhed  fome  of  the  pope’s  decrees  againft  Henry ,  which  he  in  this  inftrument  difclaims. The  tenour  of  it  is  this,  Rex,  (Ac-— - -nos  pro  eo  quod  idem  archiepifcopus  omnibus  et ftngitlis  verbis  nobis  et  coronae  nojlrae  praejudicialibus  in  litteris  bullatis  ipfius  domini  fummi  ponli- fas  (ftbi  itide  ut  dicitur  confeffis)  contends,  coram  nobis  palam  et  expreffe  riminciavit,  et  gra- liae  noftrae  humiliter  fe  fubmifit,  volentes  cum  eo  in  hac  parte  agere  gradofe,  —  cepimus  fidelity tem  ipfius  archiepif.  tic.  Hat.  apud  Glouceft.  i.  die  Decemb.  r407-  Feed.  Ang.  tom.  VIII. '  ThefeJ  are  all  the  hints  that  I  can  meet  with  amongft  the  publick  afb  of  thofe  times, relating  to  this  affair  *,  which  no  doubt  was  induftrioufly  kept  fecret  then,  and  all  traces of  fuch’  a  fcandalous  excommunication  kept  out  of  the  publick  records.  Thus  much  I thought  fit  to  premife  before  I  gave  the  inftrument ;  which  might  ftill  have  lain  in  obli¬ vion^*  had  not  my  brother  the  reverend  Dr.  Drake  met  with  it  in  a  fearch  he  was  then making  into  the  regifters  at  Fork,  towards  compleating  his  defign  of  publiffiing  his  fine edition1  of  Matthew  Parker  de  andquitate  eccleftae  Anghcanae.  —  I  take  notice  that  in  a  fearch for  this  inftrument  it  could  not  poffibly  have  been  found  ;  for  it  is  ftrangely  mifplaced, having  got  into  Alexander  Nevyl’s  regifter,  Scrape’s  predeceffor,  amongft  fome  other  afts out  of  courfe  ;  when  one  would  certainly  have  looked  for  it  in  the  regifter  of  his  fuccefior Bowett. Bulla  papalis,  pro  pardanatione  malefalilorum  in  decapitahone  Richardi  Scrope  archiepif  ops Ebor.  Regift.  Alex.  Nevyl.  pars  fecunda  p.  30. “  (^R  EGORIUS  epifeopus,  fervus  fervorum  Dei,  venerabilibus  fratribus  Thome  Du¬ es  nelin.  et  Philippa  Lincoln,  epif.  falutem  et  apoft.  bened.  Romanus  pontifex  beati  Petr: ((  coeleftis  regni  clavi  cri  fucceffor,  collatis  fibi  coelitus  folvendi  atque  ligandi  clavibusex ((  injuncli  officii  debito  falutem  quaerens  fingulorum ,  perinde  difponit,  ut  collapfis  ad {■■)  Feed.  Ang.  tern.  VIII.  p  446, “  gremium f APPENDIX. “  gremium  ecclefiae  cum  humiliate  redeuntibus  ipfain  dementia  aperi.it  januam  pietatis  Cum “  lta51ue’  accepimus,  dudum  fuadente  humani  generis  hoile  in  regno  Anifuu  diverfa  in- “  tettina  bella  feditiones  et  proditiones  contra  chanffimum  in  Chrifto  filium  noftrum  Hen “  r'curm  r^™Jngl,ae  illuftrem,  praeter  ipfius  regis  culpam,  per  quofdam  fubditos  ejufdem luicitaca  fuifient;  ac  etiam  Ricardus  quondam  archiep.  Ebor.  quern  ipfe  rex  fpeciali  ho “  n°re  et  reverentia  profequebatur,  et  de  quo  nullam  fufpicionem  prorfus  habebat  quod “  contra  ,e  aut  ftatum  fuum  aliquid  fimftrum  machinari  aut  attemptare  veilet  contra  prae “  fatunl  rcgem  ejufque  ftatus  et  honoris  enervationem  concepiffet,  ac  nonnullos  potentes  et “  P,0?eref  did.  regrn,  ac  etiam  alios  inferioris  ftatus;  necnon  viros  ecclefiafticos  faeculares ‘  ac /egulares  fibi attraxiffet ;  et  tandem  ilia  quae  conceperat  fatagens  ad  effeftum  perdu “  ccfe,  ipfe  archiep.  armatus  et  ftipatus  potentia  fieculari,  cum  octo  millibus  armatorum vel  circa,  ad  campum  progrediens  una  cum  l'uis  complicibus  conatus  fuit,  quantum  potuit’ ad,  •|Xkterij-T'm  difl'  rc§is  effeatualiter  devenire.  Quae  quantum  a  quibufdam  aliis nobihbus  difti  regm,  necnon  etiam  interiors  condition  is  fidelibus  dicti  regis,  cognita  fuif- „  ■/’  lpfl  fidelltcr  et  conftanter  in  ejufdem  regis  auxilium  et  regni  praefiiti  liberationem lpiorege  tamen  tunc  abfente  it  hoc  jcnorante,  fimiliter  armati  contra  praefatum archiep.  ejufque  complices  procefferunt,  perpetratoque  hinc  inde  proelio  cumatchiepifco- puset  complices  fui  in  campo  fuperati  fuiflent,  ipfe  archiepifcopus  et  aliqui  fee  urn  in ipfo  campo  per  hujufmodi  vidtores  capti  fubito  ad  praefemiam  difti  regis  addudti  fu»- „  runt’  clamantibus  lpfis  viftoribus  et  i'upervenientibus  populis  in  multitudine  copiofa „  q“od  r,ex  Prae6tus  Jl,xca  leSes  ct  confuetudines  difti  regni,  quae  diftant  quod  fediciofi et  proditores  morte  moriantur  ;  et  quae  leges  junsjurandi  religione  ejufdem  regis,  dum ^  ad  Oilmen  regni  affumeretur,  vallatae  fuerunt,  de  hujufmodi  captivis  juftitiam  faceret .  miniftran:  aliqqum,  ft  fuper  tantis  prodmombus- regni  fui  juftitiam  facere  negligeret „  lplum.  reSclal  in  mambus  aliorum,  inimicorum  fuorum,  qui  hujufmodi  novitatre confcn  non  longe  ab  ipfo  manu  armata  diftabant,  in  campo  dimitterent,  et  ipfum  et  fe  de „  P.raefato  archlepifcopo  vmdicarent  Quibus  clamoribus  continue  accrefcentlbus  ipfe  rex ^  tiroens  yerifimiliter,  quod,  ft  hujufmodi  rumonbus  et  importunis  tarn  numerofae  multi- tudims  mftantus  qualitercunque  refifteret,  perfonam  fuam  et  regnum  in  grandi  perirnln “poneret;  et  quod  populo  precedence  ad  vindiftam  multa  ac  varia  pericula  fequi  pofTent “  et  quod  abfque  deleftu  perfonarum  talia  indicia  de  cetero  in  cafibus  fimilibus  per  ipfam multitudlnem  uiurparentur ;  ad  evitandum  majus  fcandalum,  pro  fui  ac  regni  praefet  I? “  bcrat.one,  perm, fit,  quod  hujufmodi  captivi  juxta  eafdem  leges  et  confuetudines  udict r  deberent.  Propter  quod  etiam  deventum  fuit  ad  hoc,  quod  idem  archiepifcopus  et aliqrn  fecum  capt,  ex  fupradicliscaufis  judicium  capitale  fubirent  ;  quod  procuidubfo  gra ■  ™  “djnproband.  exempli  fqiffe  conftat ;  cum,  licet  archiepifcopus  praefatus  delimien? correftio  et  punmo  tamen  fecundum  canomca  inftituta  ecclefiaftico  judici  fuerit  relin’ qucnda:  tame"’  ut  andivimus,  multi  de  hiis,  qui  in  eadem  multitudine  praefen  es fuerunt,  de  capt.vitate  di ft,  arch, epifeopi  et  morte  fubfecuta,  doleantab  intinfis  ■  NOS vife  fer  ecclefta  gremium  ft  recognofcere  volentibus  nunquam  claudere  con- fuevit,  et  fimul  confiderantes,  quod  ifta  pro  evitando  majori  periculo  regni  ac  perfona mm  fuerant  perpetrata;  ct  volentes,  pro  falnte  ipfius  regni  et  fidelium  quiete  Hgorem juftitiae  temperare,  fratermtat,  veftrae,  de  qua  in  hiis  et  aliis  fpecialem  in  Domino  fidu ciam  obtmemus,  per  apoftolica  fenpta  commifimus  et  mandamus,  quatenus  omnes  ct fingulas  perfonas,  quae  ,n  praemiffis  praefentes  fuerint,  et  ad  hoc  faefendun  open"  ve “  operam  qualitercunque,  verbo  aut  nutu,  confilio  vel  ft&>,  dederint,  et  in  iUis  culpa- „  b,.e,,s  recognofean t,  cujuscun que  status,  praeeminentiae,  dignitatis,  aut  conditions „  fi  h°C  hunilhter  a  ™bls  petierint,  ab  excomnmnicationis  et  aliis  cenfuris  et c;  Poenls’  fi“as  ProPKr  praemiflii  qualitercunque  incurrerint,  autoritate  noftri  abfolvere  in imu  ecdffi;le  C0teta’  ,nJUnffis  f0rum  fi"Sulis  pro  mode  culpae  poena  falutari  et  I Ills  quae  de  jure  fuerint  injungenda ;  et  mhilonunus  interdidum  ecclefiafticum  ’  ouod propterea  a  jure  vel  ab  homme  ,n  civitatibus,  caftris,  villis,  terris  et  loci  ext  tic  oro mulgatum  eadem  autontate  tollere  et  relax, re  ;  necnon  omnes  et  fingulos  pro  ffns Tndat0  fand'ffin-‘  hr‘"tn  PaPae  VI1-  Praedecefforis  noftri  faftos  contra  Tpfos  oui c.ica  praemiffa  quomodolibet  exceflerunt,  ac  omnia  exinde  vel  ob  id  fee ura  n„  ^ haberi  volumus  pro  fufficient.  dep,  abolere  curetis.  enlm  vobif  Wolv^nd  °DX “  n.s  praefatas  et  interduftum,  quod  propterea  promulgatum  fuierit,  tollendi  ettlaxandi ...  procefliis  hujus  ac  omnia  inde  lecuta  abolend.  ac  omnia  et  fingula,  quae  in  praemiffis quomodolibet  opportuna  fuerint  et  expedite  confpexeritis,  faciendl  plenum  et  fiberanTau thomate  apoftolica  tenore  praefentium  concedimus  facultatem:  Ita  tamen  ouod  h  iuf' mod,  facultas  vobis  conceffii  ad  abfolutionen,  clericorum  nullatenus  femendat  Vol,  ‘ musautem,  quod  poftquam  perfonaliter  ad  invicem  conveniences  fuper  hac  materia  quae “agenda  funt  difpofuerms  alter  alteri  veftrum  executionem  commfttere  poffit ;  00^00" fi,  quod  abfit,  allquis  veftrum  ante  conventionem  et  difpofitionem  hums  ex  hac  vita ;;  llle;  qU1  alten.  p«daL  l^^STcT 0.  m  eligere  debeat ;  fuper  cujus  eleftione  ejufdem  fuperftitis  confcientiam  oneramus  : ^  ^  “  quibus XCV1U xck  appendix. “  quibus  ad  invicem  convenientibus  poft  difpofitionem  hujus,  alter  altcri,  eodem  modo,  ut “  fupradiftum  eft,  valeat  in  hujus  materiae  proceffu  executiom  mandare. “  Dat.  (b)  Lucae,  2  id.  Apr.  (c)  pontificals  noftri  anno  fecundo. «  Gratis,  de  mandato  dom.  noftr.  papae. The  next  thing  I  (hall  give  is  an  omiffion  in  the  appendix  of  an  infertion  which  ihould have  followed  the  lift  of  the  fubfcribers  to  the  new  ajfembly-rooms ,  but  by  accident  was miflaid  I  mve  it  now,  and  aik  pardon  of  the  worthy  gentleman,  who  occafioned  the  pa¬ raph  for  it  Anabftraft,  alfo,  of  a  letter  from  Dr.  Langwith ,  which  came  too late  to  be  inferted  in  its  right  place,  containing  his  thoughts  on  the  Roman  lamp  as  1  take it,  mentioned  p.  xiii.  of  this  appendix,  and  referred  to  in  the  additional  plate  ot  Roman  cu- riofities  at  N°.  16,  17.  -ah At  a  grand  meeting  of  the  fubfcribers  to  thefe  rooms,  in  Auguft  1732,  amotion  was made  that  thanks  ought  to  be  given  to  the  earl  of  Burlington,  for  his  noble  plan  and  great care  in  the  execution  of  and  contribution  to  if,  fir  Thomas  Rohnfon  of :  Rockby  park,  m the  north  riding  of  this  county,  bart.  then  in  the  chair,  was  deputed  for  that  purpofe. Lord  Burlington,  being  at  that  time  in  York,  at  the  races,  fir  Thomas  waited  upon  hislord- Jhip,  attended  by  feveral  other  gentlemen  fubfcribers,  and  gave  his  lordlhip  the  fincere thanks  of  the  fociety,  in  a  fpeech  fuitable  to  the  occafion. “  Good  Sir , “  T  Have  been  a  little  tardy  in  my  anfwer  to  your  Ml,  as  not  thinking  that  any  thing 1  “  I  Ihould  fay  would  come  foon  enough  for  the  prefs :  for  the  fame  realon  I  ihall  now :  be  very  ihort,  only  giving  you  my  opinion  in  general,  inftead  of  troubling  you  with  a Know  wnac  it  muuiu  ucuutun.r,  - - -  ,-  •  > “  be  inclined  to  favour  this  conje&ure  if  you  pleafe  to  call  your  eye  upon  La  religion  des “  Gaulois  where  you  will  find  feveral  figures  whofe  habits  and  proportions  refemble  thefe, “  and  yet  were  unqueftionably  druidical.  2.  I  cannot  take  it  to  have  been  a  lamp,  be- “  caufe  the  make  of  it  feems  to  be  by  no  means  proper  for  that  purpofe:  in  particular,  I cannot  fee  why  the  hole  in  the  head  Ihould  be  made  fo  much  too  arge  for  any  wick. “  You  will  afk  me  then  what  I  take  it  to  be  ?  In  anfwer  to  this  I  fhall  fay,  that  I  take  it -  to  have  been  either  barely  a  veffel  to  burn  incenfe  m,  in  which  cafe  a  large  hole  was  ne- 1.  ceffary  for  putting  in  the  fire:  or  perhaps  it  had  a  ftill  higher  ufe,  and  was  one  of  the «  Britifh  Lares  made  in  imitation  of  thofe  of  Egypt . For  that  the  old  Celtae  borrowed  many  of  their  cuftoms  from  the  Egyptians,  or  at “  leaft  had  them  in  common  with  them,  I  think  is  pretty  certain,  and  it  is  equally  cer- “  tain  that  the  Egyptians  ufed  to  make  holes  in  the  heads  of  their  gods  in  order  to  burn “  incenfe  in  them  i  and  thus,  as  Dr.  Lifter  has  it,  made  their  heads  ferve  for  perfiimmg “  pots  for  themfelves.  See  Lifter's  journey  to  Paris  p.  44.  .  .  .  .  -  . “  Licetus  and  Monfaucon  may,  for  ought  I  know,  have  been  deceived  in  taking  ruch c<  vefiels  for  lamps. In  P  12  e,  in  the  beginning  of  chapter  V.  mention  is  made  of  a  defeent  from  Ireland, headed  'by  the  earl  of  Lincoln  and  lord  Level,  in  fupport  of  Lambert  Symnel,  whom  they caufed  to  be  proclaimed  by  the  ftyle  of  king  Edward  VI.  againft  Henry  VII;  A  copy  ot the  letter  fentby  this  fham  monarch  to  the  city  of  Pork,  foon  alter  his  landing,  has  been very  lately  fent  to  me  ;  which,  with  the  Refolutions  of  the  magiftracy  upon  it,  at  this  jun¬ cture,  were  entered  in  one  of  their  regifters,  and  is  as  follows. Copy  of  a  letter  directed  to  He  mayor,  &c.  from  the  lords  of  Lincoln,  Love],  el  ai  late  land¬ ed  in  Froneys,  in  the  name  of  their  king,  calling  himfe  If  feing  qEotoath  tljc  ftrtl).  Will.  Todd mayor  2  Hen.  VII. ..  -pO  our  trufty  and  well  beloved  the  mayor,  his  brethren  and  commonalty  of  our  city 1  “  of  York  ;  trufty  and  well  beloved,  we  greet  you  well.  And  for  fo  much  as  we “  been  comen  within  this  our  realme,  not  only  by  God’s  grace  to  attain  our  Right  of  t  e “  fame,  but  alfo  for  the  reliefe  and  weal  of  our  faid  realm  ;  you  and  all  other  our  true «  fubje&s,  which  hath  been  gretely  injured  and  opprefied  in  default  of  nowne  miniltration «i  of  good  rules  and  juftice,  defire  therefore,  and  in  our  right  herty  wife  pray  you,  that  in “  this  behalfe  ye  woll  fbew  unto  us  your  good  aides  and  favours-,  and  where  we  and  luch “  power  as  we  have  brought  with  us  by  meane  of  travayle  of  the  fee,  and  upon  the  lan  , “  beene  gretely  weryed  and  laboured,  it  woll  like  you,  that  we  may  have  reliere,  and  eale “  of  logeing  and  vitaills  within  our  citie  there,  and  foe  to  depart,  and  truly  pay  ror  that  as (b)  Lure*. (c)  Af.iz,  1408. APPENDIX. “  we  ffiall  take;  and  in  your  fo doing,  ye  ffiall  doe  thing  unto  us  of  right  acceptable  plea- “  fure  and  for  the  fame  find  us  your  good  and  foveraign  lord  at  all  times  hereafter,  and «*  of  your  difpofitions  herein  to  afcertain  us  by  this  bringer. “  fScbene  undreour  fignet  at  Mafham  the  viii  day  of  June, “  The  which  Letter  was  immediately  fent  to  the  earl  of  Northumberland  for  to  fee.  And tc  a  copy  of  the  fame  was  fent  to  fir  Richard  Tunjlall ,  and  another  delivered  to  mailer  Payne “  to  ffiew  it  to  the  king’s  grace.  And  further  what  the  mayor,  aldermen,  fheriffs  and “  common  counfel  of  the  city  of  Turk ,  afiembled  in  the  counlel  chamber  within  the  Guild- “  hal^  departed  from  the  counfel,  and  commanded  and  was  agreed,  that  every  warden “  fhould  be  in  harnefs  and  raife  his  ward,  and  keep  due  watch,  that  noperlon  fhould  have entry  into  the  faid  city,  but  fuchas  be  true  leige-men  unto  our  foveraign  lord  the  king, “  Henry  the  feventh.  And  the  faid  mayor  incontinently,  by  the  advice  of  his  brethren, “  aldermen,  fheriffs  and  common- council  aforefaid,  fent  in  meflage  unto  the  faid  lords  of “  Lincoln  and  Lovel,  three  of  the  chamberlains,  giving  them  in  commandment  to  ffiew  un- “  to  the  faid  lords,  that  my  lord  the  mayor,  my  mailers  his  brethren,  aldermen,  theffie- “  riffs,  common-council,  with  the  whole  commonality  of  the  city  of  York  be  finally  deter- “  mined,  that  he,  whom  the  faid  lords  called  their  king,  they,  nor  none  of  their  retinue “  or  company  intending  to  approach  this  city,  fhould  have  any  entry  into  the  fame,  but “  to  withftand  them  with  their  bodies  and  goods,  if  they  would  atteyne  fo  to  do.” This  lord  Lovel  had  fome  affinity  to  the  city  of  York ,  having  an  ellate  in  the  liberties  of it.  Of  which,  relating  to  his  manor-houfe  at  Dring-houfes ,  and  the  right  of  common  of pallure  belonging  to  it,  in  Knaefmire ,  are  the  following  entries  in  the  city’s  regifters. ( d )  “  Lord  Lovel ,  chamberlain  to  the  king,  claimed  to  have,  by  reafon  of  his  chief “  place  in  2D<JtngflOUfC0,  common  of  pallure  for  twenty  kine  and  a  bull  in  the  paflure  of “  iiuiapfmsr,  of  the  which  common  the  faid  lord  and  his  anceflors  have  been  poffeffed  and “  feized,  as  he  faid,  without  the  time  of  mind.  And  it  being  proved,  that  the  faid  lord “  Level's  tenants  of  his  chief  place  in  2DdngtyJUfC0  had  the  faid  common,  till  of  late  in  the “  time  of  Richard  Carbelt  his  tenant,  who  was  indicated  for  mifufing  the  faid  paflure  j  it  was “  agreed,  that  it  fhould  be  this  day  anfwered  unto  the  council  of  my  Lid  lord  Lovel,  that “  my  faid  lord-mayor  and  his  brethren  will  not  be  againft  the  right  of  my  faid  lord  Lo- **  vel,  but  will  be  agreeable,  that  he  ffiall  have  his  right,  fo  as  no  other  of  SD^inghoufes “  have  common  in  the  faid  paflure,  but  only  the  tenant  of  my  faid  lord  Lovel  of  his  chief “  place,  there  to  the  number  of  twenty  kine  and  a  bull  ;  fo  that  the  faid  tenant  take  no “  other  mens  beads  to  affid,  but  occupy  the  common  with  his  own  proper  beads.  And “  that  his  beads  have  a  mark,  that  they  may  be  known  from  others. (e)  “  Lord  Lovel  came  perfonally  and  claimed  as  above-,  and  Miles  Metcalf  the  recorder, “  in  the  name  of  the  city,  anfwered,  that  neither  the  faid  lord ,  nor  any  of  his  tenants  of  right “  had  nor  ought  to  have  paflure  there ,  except  the  citizens  of  the  city  of  York  whereupon  the Sk  faid  lord  Lovel  prayed  time  that  he  by  his  counfel  might  fearch  his  evidences. An  explanation  of  the  plate  of  Ancient  Seals,  &c. N°.  i.  Is  a  reprefen tation  of  the  feal  and  counterfeal  of  Roger  archbifhop  of  York ,  fo  con- fecrated  anno  1 154.  This  feal  is  mentioned  p.  422.  of  the  book  ;  and  explained,  p.  xii. of  the  appendix.  What  is  further  proper  to  fay  of  it  here,  is,  that  the  impre’ffion  on red  wax,  from  whence  this  was  drawn,  is  appendant  to  a  deed,  without  date,  from  the faid  archbiffiop  to  the  abbot  of  Furnefe ,  com.  Lane,  of  certain  lands  ;  and  is  in  the  duchy of  Lancajlcr' s  office  *,  box  3  5. II.  The  feal  and  counterfeal  of  Walter  Grey ,  archbiffiop  of  York ,  appendant  to  a  deed, without  date,  in  the  faid  office,  from  Robert  de  Lafcy ,  conftable  of  Chefter  to  the  faid Walter  Grey  of  the  town  of  Upton ,  com.  Ebor.  &c.  The  reading,  figillutn  Waited  Ebo- racenfis  archiepifcopi  the  reverfe,  the  heads  of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul ,  Orate  pro  nobis fanBi  Dei  apojloli  box  1  o. III.  An  impreffion  of  another  feal  of  the  faid  archbiffiop,  appendant  to  his  charter  confli- tuting  the  vicars  choral  of  the  cathedral  church  of  York ,  a  body  corporate  mentioned p.  572.  of  the  book,  and  given  at  length  p.  lxxiii.  of  the  appendix.  The  reverfe,  by  the finenefs  of  what  is  vifible  on  it  feems  to  have  been  made  by  an  antique  gem,  and  is  part of  a  bull.  Circumfcription,  Sigillum  Walteri  archiepifcopi  Eborac.  Amongft  the  records, at  prefent,  in  the  cuftody  of  Vicar s-choral  of  York. IV.  Is  a  very  fine  feal  appendant  to  a  writing  of  Walter  Giffard ,  archbiffiop  of  this  pro¬ vince,  in  the  nature  of  a  letter  of  attorney,  conftituting  and  ordaining  John  de  Nevill, conftable  of  the  tower  of  London ,  and  others  therein  named,  his  proftors  or  receivers  of a  fum  of  money,  XL  /.  Jlerling ,  to  be  paid  him  by  Peter  de  Malo  Lacu  apud  novum  tem- plttm  London ,  &c.  Dated  London ,  3d  of  the  ides  of  April ,  in  the  year  of  grace  1272. (J)  is  Sept,  l  Bic.  III.  John  Newton  mayor.  (t)  14  Aug.  \c>E<t.  IV.  Wdllvn  Wellis  mayor. The Cl P.  332,  &C. p.  263. p.  2S4- p.  3C9. p.  2S2. p.  274. p.  246. p.  301. APPENDIX. The  inferipdon  almoft  obliterated.  This  antient  deed  and  feal  was  given  to  me  ;  and  1 prelented  it  to  the  fociety  of  antiquaries  London. V.  Reprefents  an  impreffion  from  the  matrix  of  a  feal  now,  or  lately,  in  the  poffeffion  of Mr.  Taylor ,  innholder  in  Durham ,  a  colleftor  of  antiquities,  of  Robert  Holgate  archbi- bilhop  of  Turk,  fo  conftituted  anno  1544.  This  feal  is  hinted  at  p.  543.  of  this  book  ; and  was  probably  ufed,  only,  in  the  barony  of  Hexam,  then  a  temporal  barony  apper¬ tainin'*  to  the  fee  of  York.  The  feal  is  the  pall,  the  ancient  bearing  of  this  fee,  im¬ paled  with  his  own  arms:  circumfcribed,  Sigillum  Rdberti  Eboracenfis  archiepifeapi  An- gliae  primalis ,  et  domini  dc  Hextildelham.  Reverfe  is  the  fame  infeription  though  fome- what  differently  put  in.  This  imprefiion  was  likewife  given  to  the  antiquarian  fociety by  the  author  of  this  work. VI.  Is  an  ancient  feal  made  ufe  of  by  the  chapter  of  York ,  which  was  in  the  poffeffion  of Mr.  Thortjby  of  Leeds,  anno  1719;  and  engraven  by  the  fociety  of  antiquaries;  from whofe  print’this  was  taken.  The  circumfcription,  Sigillum  capituli  eedefiae  beati  Petri Eborac.  ad  caufas  et  negotia, VII.  An  antient  and  very  rude  feal,  belonging  to  the  abbey  of  St.  Mary's  in  York.  In all  probability  this  feal  was  as  old  as  the  abbey ,  or  as  the  ufe  of  feals  ;  and  continued to  be  their  common  feal  to  the  diffolution.  The  deed  to  which  this  is  appendant  is dated  18  of  Edward  IV.  [anno  1478.J  and  is  of  an  uncommon  length  for  one  of  that age.  The  inftrument  recites  an  agreement  made  betwixt  Thomas  [ Rathe ]  the  abbot  and convent  of  St.  Mary's,  York,  and  Thomas,  cardinal,  archbilhop  of  Canterbury,  Richard, bilhop  of  Salijbury  and  feveral  other  bilhops,  lords,  knights,  (Sc.  there  named,  about the  manor  of  IVhilgifl,  and  certain  lands  and  tenements  in  Rednefs,  Hook,  Swinfleet,  &c. A  counter  part  to  this  deed  I  have  feen  in  the  duchy  office  ;  but  this  falling  into  my hands  by  chance,  I  gave  it,  as  above,  to  the  collection  of  the  fociety.  The  infeription  is illegible,  and  muff  have  been  worn  out  of  the  matrix  before  this  impreffion  was  made. The  counter  feal  is  ftamped  in  four  different  places  on  the  back  of  it  ;  I  apprehend  it  to be  a  gem  ;  but  it  is  fo  faint  that  I  can  make  nothing  of  it,  nor  of  its  circumfcription. VIII.  The  arms  of  the  abbey  of  St.  Mary  in  York,  from  an  ancient  folio  velum  book  of arms  in  the  herald’s  office.  This  is  different  from  what  bifhop  Tanner  has  given  us  in his  Notilia  Mon.  The  king,  in  the  center,  I  fuppofe  was  given  to  denote  the  royal foundation  of  this  abbey. IX.  A  draught,  exactly  taken  from  a  rude  drawing  in  a  manufeript  book  in  the  Bodltyan library  ;  to  (hew  the  excellence  of  the.  draughts-men  of  that  age.  See  a  defeription  of the  book  p.  627.  The  infeription,  as  far  as  I  can  read  it,  is  this,  De  injlallatione  et eleklione  et  prim.  domini  Symonis  abbatis  monafterii  beatae  Marie  Ebor.  Over  the church  ecclefia  nova-,  probably  a  coarfe  reprefen tation  of  the  church  this  abbot  Simon built  in  the  monaftery. X.  The  broken  remains  of  the  ancient  feal  of  the  famous  hofpital  of  St.  Peter,  after  of St.  Leonard,  in  York.  This  is  appendant  to  a  deed  among!!  the  records  of  the  city  on Oufe-bridge,  as  are  the  eleven  following  impreffions  to  N°.  XXI.  but  they  did  not  fend me  up  to  what  deeds  thefe  feals  are  fixed,  or  the  purport  of  them.  I  could  not  meet with  any  other,  or  better,  impreffions  of  thefe  feals  in  the  Augmentation  office  ,  nor  the other  offices  where  I  might  have  expected  to  have  found  them. XI.  The  feal  of  the  priory  of  the  Holy  Trinity  in  York  ;  the  infeription  partly  illegible, but  the  deed  ftyles  him  Prior  damns  five  prior atus  fanklae  Trinitatis  Ebor.  ordinis  fanSli Benedifli,  el  ejufdem  loci  eonventus. XII.  XIII.  Two  feals,  antiently  belonging  to  the  monaftery  of  St.  Augufline  in  York.  The titles  are,  Sigillum  commune  eonventus  fratrum  Heremitarum  in  civitate  Ebor.  et  Jtgillum  pa- tris  fui  provincialis. XIV.  Another  feal  belonging  to  the  prior  of  the  fime  monaftery;  the  title  of  the  deed ftiles  him.  Prior  fratrum  Heremitarum  ordinis  fankii  Auguftini  in  civitate  Ebor. XV.  The  feal  of  the  monaftery  of  the  friars  Carmelites  in  York.  The  deed  has  it,  Prior  et eonventus  fratrum  ordinis  beatae  Mariae  de  monte  Carmeli  in  civitate  Ebor. XVI.  The  feal  of  the  monaftery  of  the  Fryars-minors  in  York.  The  reading,  Sigillum  gar- diani  Fratrum-minorum  Eboraci. XVII.  I  he  feal  of  the  monaftery  of  the  Fryars-freachers  in  York.  The  title  in  the  deed, Prior  et  eonventus  ordinis  Fratrum-predicatorum  de  ilingtS  Softs  in  civitate  Ebor. There  are  two  of  thefe,  one  of  them  was  the  priors,  and  the  leifer  the  common  feal  of the  convent. XVIII.  The  feal  of  the  father  provincial  of  this  monaftery.  His  title  in  the  deed  is,  Prior provincialis  Fratrum-predicatorum  in  Anglia. XIX.  The  leal  of  the  hofpital  of  St.  Thomas  York.  The  title  in  Englijh.  The  feal  of  ttjc tjofpital  of  &t.  Etiomas  toitljout  £pikcllitl>barc  in  tljc  fubutbs  of  tfjc  nfee  of  fPojfcc. XX.  The  antient  feal  of  the  hofpital  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  belonging  to  the  company  ot  mer¬ chant  adventurers  in  York.  The  title  from  the  deed.  Commune  figillum  hofpilalis  fanklae Trinitatis  in  jfoffC’Satc  in  civitate  Ebor. XXI. is)  York  ,zmd  j&v&ra/  re/iyu’HJ  /tou^fj  m,  f/al  fay. /.  fictiirc  Scul/J. nrr/i ,  zvt//  //t //<•//  yrzttituz/'  /or  ni/wtrj  rewti/M,  H'/v/uv J73 77. APPENDIX.  „ XXL  The  common  Leal  of  the  ffiilD  of  Corpus  Cbrijii  in  Tori  bears  this  infcription,  SigillumSn  ?.  246. fraternitatis  Corporis  Chrifti  in  Eboraco  fundctt. XXII.  Is  an  antient  Leal  which  did  belong  to  the  nunnery  of  St.  Clement  in  the  fuburbs  of  P  =47. Tork.  This  feal  is  appendant  to  a  grant  in  the  Duchy-office,  from  the  prjorefs  and  con¬ vent  of  it,  of  fome  lands,  Ids.  in  Horton  in  Riblcfdale.  Dated  in  their  chapter-houfe anno  regn.  reg.  Ed.  III.  30.  [1356.]  Circumfcription,  Sigillum  conventus  fanSli  Clemen tis papae  in  Eboraco. XXIII.  This  very  curious  and  very  antient  feal  is  appendant  to  a  deed,  as  curious,  which?.  213. the  reader  may  find  printed  at  length  p.  313.  It  was  the  city’s  feal ;  and  ifl  may  be  al¬ lowed  to  guefs  at  the  time,  by  the  finenefs  of  the  hand  writing,  it  is  above  fix  hundred years  fince  this  leal  was  put  to  the  deed.  The  firft  fide  which  is  put  laft  in  the  plate, is  a  bad  reprefentation  of  the  ancient  cathedral  church  of  Tork.  It  is  not  unlike  the  old feal  the  city  ufes  at  prcfent,  as  may  be  feen  by  a  preceding  plate,  where  all  their  feals are  engraven.  See  p.  381.  But  my  drawer  has  made  fad  work  with  the  infcription,  and I  was  not  able  to  get  it  rectified  without  a  journey  to  Tork  on  purpofe.  The  inftru- ments  being  among!!  the  city  records,  from  which  I  took  the  copy  myfelf;  but  had  a draught  oi  the  feal  fent  me  fince  from  thence. XXIV,  XXV.  Are  the  feals  of  the  church  of  Ripon  and  the  town  of  Beverley,  but  whe¬ ther  they  are  ufed  in  either  place  now  I  know  not.  The  latter  of  them  is  in  metal,  and has  been  gilt ;  it  has  a  hole  for  its  appendance  to  fome  grant  from  the  townlhip.  The figure  represents  St.  John  of  Beverley  fitting  on  the  chair,  or  jfrcctnOcIc  ;  with  a  Sever at  his  feet,  from  which  animal  the  town  is  fuppofed  to  have  taken  its  name.  This  feal feems  to  be  of  no  older  date  than  archbifiiop  Savage’s  time;  becaufe,  as  I  take  it,  it  is that  prelate’s  arms  which  are  impaled  with  the  old  arms  of  the  fee  of  Tork  in  one  of  the Iheilds.  The  circumfcription,  Sigillum  communitatis  biirgenftum  Beverlaci.  The  other Sigillum  fanSli  Wilfridi  Riponenfis  ecclefiae.  What  the  KOLAMVR8  on  the  coun- terfea!  means  I  am  ignorant  of.  This  is  from  a  drawing  which  came  into  my  hands  with the  copy  of  fir  Thomas  Herbert’s  fhort  account  of  this  church  communicated  to  me  by Mr.  Samuel  Gale.  The  Beverley  feal  was  given  me  by  a  collector  of  coins  who  met  with it  by  chance,  and  I  have  fince  prefented  it,  with  other  imprdl'ions  of  antient  feals,  to  the antiquarian  fociety. XXVI.  An  infcription  round  the  outer  verge  of  a  large  and  maffy  gold  ring.  This  ring was  found  about  two  years  ago  on  Brambam  moor ,  or  near  it  ;  but  where  I  cannot juftly  learn  for  fear  of  a  refumption  by  way  of  frearojstrobe.  It  is  quite  plain  with fquare  edges;  the  letters  are  cut,  raifed,  and  the  interftices  filled  up  with  lead,  or ,  a  kind  of  enamel,  which  makes  it  fmooth  and  even.  The  infcription  is  certainly  ’ru- nic,  but  to  all  the  C.onnoiffieurs  in  thofc  old  and  obfolete  characters,  who  have  feen  it hitherto,  unintelligible.  The  reverend  Mr.  Serenius,  nSwedifh  minifter,  and  well  {kil¬ led  in  the  northern  languages,  took  great  pains  to  come  at  an  explanation  of  this  mh Hick  ring.  But  in  vain,  being  not  able  to  make  out  any  thing  more  than  one  word of  the  infcription;  which  he  reads  Glasta-ponto.  This  makes  the  learned divine  conjecture,  that  it  had  fome  reference  to  the  abbey  of  Glafenbury ;  and  might have  been  the  wedding  ring  of  fome  abbot  to  that  monaftery;  or,  on  his  tranfiation from  thence,  to  the  church  of  Tork.  Upon  looking  backward  into  the  account  of  our prelates,  I  can  find  none  of  them  that  came  from  Glajlenbury  ;  nor  upon  fearch  into  the catalogue  of  abbots  there  can  I  find  any  of  them  who  were  Danes,  or  fent  as  mifllona- ries  into  Norway.  No  doubt,  but  this  ring  mull:  have  been  tranfported  hither  by  fome Dane  or  Norwegian  ;  the  characters  it  bears  giving  proof  of  the  now,  almoft,  lofl  lan¬ guage  of  thofe  antient  northern  nations.  This  is  all  the  interpretation  I  can  learn,  or all  the  conjecture  I  can  make  relating  to  this  very  antient  curiofity;  which  is  at  pre¬ fect,  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  T.  Gill  of  Tork,  who  juft  preferved  it  from  the  crucible,  and weighs,  within  a  trifle,  five  guineas,  or  one  ounce  fix  penny  weights. An  account  of  the  Saxon  and  Danilh  coins  Jlruck  at  York,  with  fome  account,  alfo,  of  the money  minted  from  the  Norman  comiuejl,  to  the  lajl  mint  erebled  in  that  city.  ’ IN  the  fccond  chapter  of  this  work  I  have  hinted  the  great  probability,  that  the  Ro¬ mans,  when  their  emperors  were  refident  at  Eboracum,  had  a  mint  attending  them ;  as well  as  the  propraetors  in  their  abfence.  But,  as  this  was  only  a  fuppofition,  and  fince  no diagnofticks  on  their  coin  do  evidence  the  truth  of  it,  except  the  coin  which  Goltzius  and Camden  afcribe  to  the  fixth  legion  at  Tork,  I  (hall  not  difeufs  that  point  any  further.  Nor (hall  I  wafte  any  time  in  an  enquiry  after  Britijh  coins  (truck  here,  either  after  the  Romans ^t;he  ifland,  or  before  it.  Efpecialiy,  when  we  are  informed  by  their  natural  hiftorian* Gtldas,  that  the  Britons  had  none  of  their  own  ;  but  that  all  the  gold,  filver,  and  brafe coins,  which  they  had,  were  ftamped  with  the  image  of  Caefar. 8  Z '• But ciii APPENDIX. But,  under  the  Saxon  government  in  Britain ,  we  have  undoubted  teflimony  of  a  mint at  Fork-,  both,  in  their  heptarchical  divifion  of  this  kingdom,  and  under  their  univerfal monarchy.  Nor  were  the  Danijh  kings  amongft  us  fo  long,  without  leaving  us  leveral  fuch evidences  as  the  former.  In  the  Heptarchy ,  though  I  have  great  rcafon  to  afcribe  every  coin the  Northumbrian  kings  ftruck  to  be  done  at  Turk. ;  yet  I  have  been  fo  cautious  as  to  take and  engrave  none,  but  what  have  the  name  of  the  city  evidently  upon  them. The°firft  which  I  think  proper  to  mention,  though  it  Hands  at  N°.  29.  in  the  plate,  is the  coin  of  Edwin  the  great.  This  curious  piece  is  reprefented  in  fir  Andrew  Fountain's  ta¬ bles  at  the  end  of  Dr.  Hickes’ s  Tbefaitrus  linguarum ,  &c.  Tab.  VIII.  and  in  the  lall  edi¬ tion  of  Camden ,  Tab.  IV.  N°.  38.  It  is  an  vnic  of  very  great  rarity  and  worth  ;  being the  antienreft  coin  of  the  Saxon  money,  known  to  the  Connoifcurs  in  this  way.  It  is  pro¬ bable  this  coin  was  (brack  at  Fork  after  Edwin  became  univerfal  monarch  ;  the  infcription GDpIN  R6X  A.  or  Edwin  rex  Anglorum,  implying  no  lefs.  Bede  informing  us,  that he  was  the  firlb  Saxon  monarch  who  ll'iled  himfelf  king  of  Englijh-men.  On  the  reverfe of  this  very  fair  coin  is  read  SEEVELON.  EOFERwic,  or  Seevel,  [the  mint-mailer] at  Fork.  I  Ihall  not  follow  my  countryman,  honeft  Mr.  Ihorejby’s  notion,  in  afcribing  the Treat  antiquity  of  the  name  and  family  of  Savile  in  Forkjhirc ,  to  this  mint-mafter  ;  that antient  family  needing  no  fuch  (drained  efforts  to  denote  its  antiquity.  I  Ihall  only  take notice,  how  early  the  Saxons  began  to  corrupt  the  Roman  name  E  B  O  R  A  C  U  M,  and barbarize  it  into  their  own  dialed:.  This  name  however  (buck  to  the  city,  with  little variation  quite  thorough  the  Saxon  government  in  this  ifland.  But  to  begin  with  the N.  B.  That  thefe  coins  are  all  taken  from  fir  Andrew  Fountain’s  tables  ;  except  a  few from  the  curious  colleftion  of  the  gentleman  who  does  me  the  honour  to  give  the plate. Fig.  1.  zE  DEL  RED  REX  ANGLOrum;  on  the  reverfe,  STEORGER  MO- neta,  ve!  MOnetarius,  de  EOFeRwic.  pork.  Tab.  I.  i.  3. 2.  fEDELRED  REX  ANGLOrum;  on  the  reverfe,  ODA  MOneta,  vel  MO¬ netarius,  deEOFeRfIC,  pojk.  Eadem  tab.  N".  19,  20. а.  Another  reverfe  of  the  fame  king’s  coin,  pINT - ED  MOneta,  vel  MOneta¬ rius,  de  EOFerwic,  J3  or  It  -  Eadem  N  .  21. 4.  Another  reverfe  to  the  fame,  SYMERLEDl  MOneta,  vel  MOnetarius,  de  EO- ferwic,  ■’It,  Ead.  N°.  28. The  firft  coin  is  put  down  for  Ethered ,  or  Etbelred ,  the  third  fon  of  Ethelwulph and  the  latter  were  (brack  for  Ethelred,  the  fon  of  Eadgar.  They  were  both  univerfal  mo- narchs ;  and  reigned,  one  of  them  about  the  year  866,  and  the  other  began  his  long  reign anno  978.  From  whom  prince  Edgar  Atheling  was  defcended. EDELSTAN  REX;  reverfe,  ROT  BERT  M  Oneta,  vel  MOnetarius,  de  EO¬ Ferwic,  Tab.  XI.  N°.  9. б.  EDelSTAN  REX;  reverfe,  ABERTEE  MOneta,  vel  MOnetarius,  de  E  O- ferwic,  ]3o}k.  End.  N”.  11.  ,  ,  .  , The  reverfe  of  this  coin  was  omitted,  through  millake,  and  was  obliged  to  be  put  in  the ^Thefe'two  coins  were  ftruck  for  Alhelftan  the  great,  the  fon  of  Edward  the  Elder,  who began  his  reign  in  the  year  925.  An  univerfal  king. 7.  fE  DEL  STAN  REX;  reverfe,  pVLSIG,  the  name  of  fome  nobleman,  or  the mint-malber.  Ead.  N°.  12. 8.  REGNALD  MOnetarius.  Ead.  N“.  13.  ,  .  , In  this  reverfe  about  the  building  is  read  EB  O  R  AC  A,  from  whence  it  appears  to  be ftruck  at  ®o:fc.  And  very  probably,  adds  the  Tabulijl,  thefe  two  coins  were  defigned  to reprefent  the  cathedral  church  there  ;  as  well  as  the  artifts  of  that  age  could  exprefs  it. 9.  EDELSTAN  REX  TOtius  BRITanniae;  on  the  reverfe,  REGNALD M  Oneta,  vel  MOnetarius,  de  E  F  O  R  f  I  C,  fJojk. This  coin  is  alfo  afcribed  to  the  fame  monarch  as  the  former  ;  and  is  fingular  on  account of  the  totius  Britanniae  on  the  head  fide.  Our  country-man  Mr .Fhore/ly  has  the  ho¬ nour  to  be  the  firlb  who  hit  on  that  reading;  hav.ng  been  plainly  miilook  before  by Mr  Obadiah  Walker,  and  others.  Alhelftan,  fays  our  (d)  antiquary,  was  the  firlb  Saxon  mo¬ narch  who  affumed  that  title,  as  Simeon  of  Durham  hints,  Alhelftan  prmufque  regum  ro- tius  Britanniae  adeptus  elt  imperium  (e).  This  coin  was  taken  from  one  in  the  colleftion of  James  IVejl,  efq*,  ClaJJ.  2.  2.  4. 10  The  fame  reading  as  the  former,  both  round  the  head  and  reverfe  but  is  ftruck  from a  different  die,  as  may  eafily  be  obferved.  Eforwic  for  Eofermc  is  alfo  the  fame  in  both (d)  Ducat.  Lcod.  345. (t)  Inter  x  /crif torts,  p.  14. 9.  EAD- ..•VI  '  | '.I , . •  •'  »•  .a ! .  . :V‘  V, If  .  M  •'  >' \  -  -■■■.  ?, ./  ;•  •  ••■>■  ■■ h-  ri  ; '  '  ■•-•  '  l  u  .  f  ' '-V  . i  i  u)  /  J  •- v.V il/  \  V.  T  i;I. K />.CTC Saxon  mu/  Daniih  {bind  Jfr/tc/t  at York. jpRp  M 'i  \  ®  . James  Weft  oft/u  Middle  - ,  Temple  Say  '  a  yreat  cat of  t  //UiyiatN'j,  mu/  e/icoi/raaer  jfgfflgf  of ]  //itigrtarum  iJfiu/t/.t,  oontri- /u/r,j  t/ua  p/ate .  rjjf. APPENDIX. li.  E  A  D  p  A  R  D  REX;  reverfe,  SNEBENRI  ON,  de  E Oforwic, CIV i 12.  ALEN  ON,  de,  EOFeRpIEC,  Tab.  VII.  N°;  35,36. Thcfe  were  the  coins  of  Edward  the  confejfvr. 13.  EADGARREX;  reverfe,  IE  L  F  S I  G  Monetarius.  O  L.  EO. This  coin  is  allowed  by  the  Tabidijl  to  have  been  ftruck  at  po;h  ;  and  was  defigried  for Edgar ,  the  brother  of  Edw)\  who  began  his  reign  anno  957.  Tab.  V.  N°.  5.  12. 14.  EADGARREX  ANGLOR;  reverfe,  PAN  N  ON  ONEOFORpiC, Another  coin  of  the  fame  king  in  the  collection  of  James  JVeJl ,  e-fq;.  Clajf.  2..  5.  3. 15.  EDp  ARD  REX  ;  reverfe,  V  C  ES  T  EL  ON  E  Oferwic, 1 6.  EDpAERD  REX;  reverfe,  DORR  ON  EOFERpic,  po?k. 17.  IEDpERD  REEX  ;  reverfe,  ARNERIPT  ON  EOFERwic, 18.  EDRERD  REEX;  reverfe,  ERNGRIM  ON  EOFERwic, 19.  EDpARD  REX;  reverfe,  ELFpINE  ON  EOFERpiC, 20.  STIRCOL  ON  EOFERpic, 21.  LEOFENOD  ON  EOF Herwic, 22.  EDpARD  R  EX  ;  reverfe,  DORR  ON  EOFERHwic,  potf, All  thefe  different  (lamps  of  coins  were  ftruck  for  Edward  the  co?iJeJfor  at  York  ;  and  are in  Tab.  VI.  N°.  4,  5,  8,  9,  1 1,  14,  16,  18. 23.  EADpARD  RD  REX;  reverfe,  A  L  F  p  O  L  D  ON  EOFeRw/c cv APPENDIX. ; '•<  9.  G  ormond.  Camden  from  J.  Ficus. “  10.  G  our  mound-,  a  corruption  from  the  former,  374. “11.  Gormon ,  in  the  name  of  Gormanchefter. “  12.  Gormo ,  by  giving  a  termination.  Camden  from  Malmjbury  443. “The  variations  of  his  third  or  baptifmal  name  Aethelfian ,  moft  noble,  are  chiefly  in “  the  way  of  writing  it,  &?c. “  13.  Atheljlan.  Camden  from  J.  Picus. “  14.  Aethelfian.  Mat.  IVeJl ,  &c. “15.  Etheljtan. “  I  think  it  pretty  odd,  that  Guthrum-gate  and  Gormondchejler  fhould  take  their  deno- “  minations,  one  from  the  name,  the  other  from  the  nick-name  of  this  prince. “  Qu.  Whether  the  name  of  Gormund  did  not  afterwards  become  proverbial,  and  give “  rife  to  the  French  word  gourmand,  whence  comes  gourmander,  to  play  the  glutton,  or  the “hector ,  gurmandife,  gluttony,  and  our  word  gormandize. 28.  EADVIG  REX;  reverfe,  WILSIG  MONeta,  vel  MONetarius,  de  EO- ferwic, This  coin  was  ftruck  for  Edwy,  an  univerfal  monarch,  the  fucceflor  to  Edred ,  and  fon to  his  brother  Edmund ;  who  began  to  reign  anno  955.  Tab.  VIII.  N°.  1.  4. 29.  The  curious  coin  of  Edwin  the  great,  ftruck  at  Fork,  already  defcribed. 30.  CNVT  REX  ANGlorum;  reverfe,  CRINAN  MOneta,  vel  MOnetarius,  de EOFeRwic,  §?o;k. 31.  SVNOLF  MOnetarius  de  EOFerwic, 32.  FARBEIN  MOnetarius  de  EOFeRwic, 33.  ELFNAN  MOnetarius  de  EOFeRwic,  |0ojk. 34.  CNVT  REX;  reverfe,  RjEFEN  ON  EOFERwic, 35.  CNVT  REX  ANGLORVM;  reverfe,  OVBGRIM  MOneta,  vel  MO¬ netarius  de  EOFerwic, 36.  CNVT;  reverfe,  p'VLNOD  MOneta,  vel  MOnetarius,  ON  EOFeRpic, |3o;b. All  thefe  are  different  coins  of  king  Canute  the  great,  ftruck  at  about  the  year 1020.  Tab.  IV.  N°.  1,  3,  4,  5,  9,  12,  19,  21. 37.  HAROLD  REX  ANGlorum;  reverfe,  VRCETEL  ON  EOferwic,  |Jo.2k on  the  crols  PAX. This  coin  was  ftruck  for  Harold  the  fon  and  fucceffor  of  Canute  the  great  ;  who  began  his reign  anno  so%6.  It  is  in  the  colleftion  of  James  Weft ,  efq;  clafli  3,  3,  8. 38.  SCI.  (fanfti)  PETRI  MOneta;  reverfe  unintelligible. 39.  SCI.  PETRI  MOneta;  reverfe,  ERIVIITM,  thefe  letters  are  alfo  acknow¬ ledged  unintelligible  by  the  Tabulifi. 40.  SCI.  PETRI  MOneta;  reverfe,  EB ORAcenfis  CIVitas. 41.  SCI.  PETRI  MOneta;  reverfe,  EBORACEnfls  CIVitas. 42.  SCI.  PETRI  Moneta,  reverfe,  EBOR  A  CEnfis  CIVitas. 43.  SCI.  PETRI  MOneta;  reverfe,  EBO RACEnfis  CIvitas. 44.  SCI.  PETRI  MOneta;  reverfe,  EBORACEnfls  civitas. 45.  Is  a  different  coin  of  this  kind  from  any  of  the  former.  The  letters  on  the  firft  fide cannot  be  made  out,  but  the  reverfe  is  Sanfti  Petri  moneta,  as  plain  as  any  of  the  fore¬ going.  It  is  in  Mr.  Weft' s  colleftion,  clalf.  3.  3. The  coins  here  exhibited  have  occafioned  fome  difputes  amongft  the  Connoiffeurs  in thefe  kinds  of  antiquities.  The  queftion  is  whether  they  were  coined  on  purpofe  for  the tax  payable  to  the  court  at  Rome,  called  |3etcr*pence,  01  KomcsTcot ;  or  were  peculiar  to the  church  of  St.  Peter,  in  Fork  ;  and  ftruck  by  the  archbifhops  of  that  fee,  before  the conqueft  ?  In  my  opinion  this  will  bear  no  manner  of  difpute  at  all.  That  the  archbifhops of  Fork  enjoyed  this  royal  privilege  by  immemorial  cuftom,  as  well  as  Canterbury,  is  cer¬ tain.  And,  as  the  annotator  on  the  tables  remarks,  if  this  had  been  paid  to  Rome  as tCC'pttKC,  in  all  probability,  fome  of  thefe  coins  would  have  been  found  at  this  day  in  the pope’s  colleftions,  which  they  are  not.  Though  thefe  coins  have  near,  all  the  fame  legends, yet  it  is  plain  they  were  all  ftruck  from  different  dies.  Coin  39,  feems  to  have  the  name of  fome  mint-mafter  upon  it ;  and,  as  the  Tabulifi  obferves,  coin  44.  is  of  the  fame  kind as  the  former,  though  Walker  reads  it  St.  Neglvto,  for  S.  Petri  moneta.  After  the  conqueft, this  favour,  granted  to  the  prelates  of  the  two  metropolitical  fees,  and  a  few  of  the  reft, was  in  fome  meafure  curtailed.  They  certainly  continued  to  coin  money,  but  then  it  bore the  fame  ftamp  as  the  king’s  own  coin.  Roger  Hoveden  obferves,  that  in  the  turbulent 1  time cvi APPEND!  X. time  of  king  Stephen,  the  weak  title  lie  had  to  the  crown  allowing  of  fuch  an  innovation ih.it  all  the  nobility,  as  well  bifhops,  as  earls  and  barons,  coined  their  own  money  (f). But  Henry  II.  coming  to  the  crown,  remedied  this  tifurparion  of  the  baronage  -,  and  made a  new  money  which  was  folely  received  and  paid  through  the  kingdom  (g).  It  is  true, iaysiir  Matthew  Hales,  (b)  that  by  certain  antient  privileges,  derived  by  charter  and  u6®e from  the  crown,  divers,  efpecially  of  the  eminent  clergy  had  their  mints  or  coinage  of  mo¬ ney.  As  the  abbot  ot  St.  Edmondjbury,  clauf.  32  Hen.  VIII.  m.  15.  dorfo'-,  and  the  arch- bilhop  ot  Tarn,  clauf.  5  Ed.  III.  p.  m,  to.  19.  dorfo  ;  and  fome  others.  But  although they  had  the  profit  of  the  coinage,  adds  that  author,  yet  they  had  neither  the  denomina¬ tion,  damp,  nor  allay.  For  upon  every  change  of  the  coin,  by  the  king’s  proclamation there  iffued  out  a  mandate  to  the  treafurer  and  barons  to  deliver  a  ftamp  over  to  thefe  pri¬ vate  mints,  to  be  ufed  by  the  feveral  proprietors  of  them.  That  eminent  lawyer  ftiJI adds,  that  the  liberty  of  coinage  in  private  lords,  has  been  long  fince  difufed,  and  in  1 great  meafure,  if  not  altogether  reftrairied  by  the  ftatute  of  7  Hen.  VII.  c.  6.  I  fuppofe  he means  lay-lords,  for  we  have  undoubted  teltimony,  that  the  archbilhops  of  Turk  continued to  ufe  this  ancient  privilege  long  after  the  date  of  the  ftatute  above  -,  even  down  to  the reign  of  queen  Elizabeth,  and  that  from  the  coins  themfelves.  Thus  much  I  thought  pro¬ per  to  fay  relating  to  this  coinage ;  feveral  inftruments  are  given  in  the  publick  alls  to  this purpofe,  and  in  p.547.  of  this  book,  the  reader  will  find  fome  further  teftimonies  about it.  I  frail  only  add,  that  in  reference  to  the  SanSH  Petri  moneta,  above,  authorities tell  us,  that  the  archbifhop’s  coinage  at  Tork  was  of  old  called  Pcter-pence ;  as  may  be  fecn in  Maddox,  in  two  or  three  inftances  (i).  I  fhall  alfo  beg  leave  to  add  a  copy  of  a  fhort charter  granted  irom  Henry  III.  as  early  as  the  fecond  of  his  reign  to  Walter  Grey  then archbifhop  of  this  province,  wherein  the  antient  cuftom  of  their  coining  money  is  fpccified and  a  new  power  is  delegated  to  them  ( k ).  r  ’ Cuneus  archiep .  Ebor. “  TJ  EX  vicecom.  Ebor.  filutem.  Mandamus  tibi  firmiter  praecipientes  quod  facias  venc- 1\  “  rabilcm  patrem  nolfrum  dominum  IV.  Ebor.  archiep.  bene  ec  libere  habere  cu- “  neos  fuos  monete  noft.  in  civitate  noft.  Ebor.  ficut  predeceffores  fui  archiepifcopi  Ebor “  eos  melius  et  liberius  habuerunt.  Salvo  nobis  jure  noftro  quod  ad  nos  inde  pertinet “  Tefte  dom.  P.  IVinlon.  epifeopo  apud  IVcftm. Eodem  modo  feribitur  majori  Ebor.  Clauf.  2  Hen.  III.  m.  6. 45.  Is  a  different  coin  of  Edward  the  confeffor  from  any  of  the  former  The  leo-enri EDf  ARD  REX,  reverfe,  VLFKEL  ON  EOFERwic,  gaojfe.  " 46,  47.  Two  more  different  coins  of  the  fame  king.  Legend,  EADPARD  Rpv ANGLOrum;  reverfe,  SfARTCOI,  ON  EOFERwic  *o’k The  next  OD  G  R  IM  ON  EOFERwic,  JJojit. _  In  thefe  the  king  is  reprefented  fitting,  half  naked,  with  his  globe,  feepter  and  crown 1  he  globe  was  anciently  peculiar  to  the  Saxon  kings  of  this  ifland  •,  and  is  faid  to  have been  handed  down  to  them  from  the  time  of  Conjianiine  the  %rcat  ■,  who  firft  accepted  of this  emblem  from  the  Brilifh  foldiery,  at  his  inauguration  at  Tork ,  as  lord  of  the  ifland  of Britain.  See/.  45.  of  this  book.  On  the  reverfe  of  all  thefe  coins  are  the  martlets  renre- lented  ;  the  peculiar  device  of  this  monarch.  ^ •Rf.  6  and  laft,  is  put  in  here,  but  it  belongs  to  the  fame  figure  above,  and  is  the  reverfe of  that  coiri  otiiitted  by  miftake. I  have  now  gone  through  all  the  different  Saxon  and  Vtanijh  coins,  (truck  at  Tork  which xJ  erXi‘^  ced  Fountain's  tables,  thofe  in  the  new  edition  of  Camden,  or  what Mr.  IVeft  has  collefted.  I  hinted  before,  that  we  have  a  ftrong  claim  to  all  the  coins,  that any  ot  the  Northumbrian  kings  coined  ;  but  as  none  of  their  reverfes  have  the  name  of  the city  particularly  upon  them,  except  thofe  two  remarkable*  of  Edwin  and  Guthrum  I  have purpofely  omitted  them.  I  now  proceed  to  a  (hort  differtation  on  the  coinage  at  Tork (rom  the  Norman  conqueft  to  the  laft  mint  erefted  in  that  city.  I  think  it  needTefs  to  en grave  thefe  coins,  fince  they  are  mod  of  them  common  enough  ;  and  are  to  be  met  with m  the  cabinets  of  the  collectors. The  curious  in  this  way,  are  much  indebted  to  a  difeovery  made  fome  years  ago  at dork,  of  a  large  quantity  ot  the  conqueror’s  and  his  fucceffor’s  coins.  By  which  means’ the ftamp  of  thofe  kings,  before  fcarce,  are  made  pretty  common.  The  accident  happened  in this  manner:  A  dreadful  fire  having  burnt  down  many  houfes  in  Upper -Oufaate,  Tork. April  3,  1694,  upon  the  digging  the  foundation  of  one  of  the  houfes  for  erefting  a  new one,  the  workmen  dug  to  a  confiderable  depth,  and  difeovered  another  foundation,  very (f)  — — •  omnes  potentes,  turn  epifeopi  quam  comites  ct bayonet fuam  faciebani  monetam.  R.  H.  parte  prior,  p.  181. fub  anno  1149. fg)  Idem  p.  282. (b)  Sir  Matthew  Hales's  fheriff ’s  accounts. (ij  Geof.  Plantaginer,  archiep.  Ebor.  r.  c.  \redd.  comp  ) de  xxiv  l.  viii  s.  de  denariis  S.  Petri-  Maddox's  exchcq. P-493-  See  alfo  p.  2 1  1 .  (c)  (r) {k)  See  bifhop  Nicholfon's  Englifb  hiftorical  library, for  fome  more  account  of  this  privilege,  p  263,  264. folio  London  1714. 9  A 4 proDa- evil 1 26. William  II. 135- Henry  II. x6o. •74- Eel  ward  III. 1 98. 208. Richard  II. Henry  IV. Henry  V. Henry  VI. 22J. 2?0. Edward  IV. 238. 247- Henry  VII. appendix. probably,  unknown  to  tire  builders  of  the  later  houfe.  This  lower  foundation  was  very well  fopported,  at  l'everal  angles,  with  good  oak-piles.  Some  of  which  were  fo  hrm  and found  font  they  ferved  again  for  the  fame  purpofe.  Befides  thefe  piles  there  were  laid  k- veral  great  timber  trees,  a-crofs,  in  order  to  make  the  (Longer  foundation  1  heft  lo-.tr foundations  very  well  anfwer  the  accounts  ot  the  timber  buildings  in  thofe  days  Betwixt the  heads  of  two  piles,  in  this  lower  foundation,  the  workmen  dtlcovered  a  little  .decayed oak  box  wherein  had  been  hoarded  about  two  hundred  or  two  hundred  and  fifty  pieces  ot tlie  Norman  coin.  But  age  and  the  moifture  ot  the  place  had  fo  defaced  them,  that  nor above  a  hundred  of  them  could  be  preferved.  Mr.  Uorefiy  item  whofe  account  of  this difeovery  to  the  Royal  Society  I  have  taken  this  extraft,  (f)  had  the  perula  of  about  half that  number-,  which  proved,  as  he  fays,  the  nobleft  (lock  that  ever  he  faw,  or  indeed heudof  of  William  the  conqueror’s  coin.  Not  above  two  or  three  in  the  who  e  cargo  being of  any  o’ther  prince  and  thefe,  though  later  in  times,  are  more  rare  in  value  than  many of  the  Roman  or  Saxon  coins.  _  ,,  , \ mongft  thefe  coins  were  feveral  minted  at  different  places.  But  what  I  (hall  take  no¬ tice  of  are  thol'e  which  our  antiquary  has  given  in  his  catalogue  of  antiquities  (l)  then  re- pofited  in  his  Mufeum  at  Leeds. PILLEMV.  REX  ;  reverfe,  DORR  ON  EOFERwic,  po}b. PILLEMV  REX  /  (for  A)  reverfe,  J’  I  N  £>  BEORN  ON  EOferwic  polls. The  kind’s  head  with  full  face,  labels  at  each  ear,  hanging  down  from  a  diadem  of  pearls, with  one  large  or  rather  two  fmall  arches  over  the  head, VILEMV.  REX.  The  king’s  half  face  and  feepter,  the  diadem  of  pearls  and  the  helm; '  reverfe  ORBNORIN  ON  EOFeRwic,  This  laft  is  of  William  Rufus,  and two  former  William  the  conqueror. FVTAC1VS  Eujlacbius,  fon  and  heir  apparent  to  king  Stephen,  has.  died  before  him. 'aasum&R,  zpzt lity,  this  coin  was  ftruck  at  Tork,  for  the  prince,  when  his  father  had  lent  him  down  a fore  of  a  governour  here  of  thefe  parts  ( m ). HFNRICVSREX  ;  reverfe,  NICOLE  ON  EVErwic,  |»o>b.  Mr  fhorejly  ob- frves  that  is  the  only  piece  that  hath  fix  points,  and  a  line  in  the  middle  part,  on ierves,  tnat  is  K  j  take  notice  alf0;  that  th,s  was  the  laft:  com  with  the  Saxon rame  of  n“on  if,  though  fomewhat  altered-,  Chcrtoic  for  lEofertoic.  This  com  is of  king  Henry  the  fecond. FDW  REX  ANG.  DNS.  H  Y  B.  Edwardus  rex  Angliae  dominus  Hybermae ;  re- verfe  C  I V I T A  S  E  B  O  R  A  C I.  A  penny  of  king  Edward  I.  m  the  great  colledion of  Brmn  Willis,  Mr.  Thorejiy,  alfo  exhibits  another  of  the  fame  king,  with  the infcriX  Civitas  stae.  on  the  reverfe.  And  a  half  penny,  found  in  a  grave  at zay  with  the  reverfe,  Civi.  Eboraci. nnwann  nFl  C,  REX  A  N  L.  Z.  FRANC.  D.  HYB.  Edwardus  Det  gratia groat  and  a  penny  of  the  fame  king  coined  at  Turk. nIr.Dn„,  npv  ANGIE;  reverfe,  CIVITAS  EBORACI.  A  very  fair  Tork «n*y  o“  king  Richard  the  fecond.  One  of  the  fame  in  Mr.  Willis’ s  colleftion. .  tu  ,  ,i,„  fourth  or  Henrx  the  fifth,  with  E  on  the  king’s  breaft,  and  CI- A  flTAS  EBORACI  on  the  reverfe.  A  penny  with  the  fame  reverfe.  Mr.  Willis. „r.,„Tr  m  pra  REX  ANG.  z.  FRANC.  By  the  key  on  either  fide  the kill’s  head  this  half  groat  appears  to  have  been  ftruck  in  the  archbiftiop’s  mint  at  York. MrSM/Ii  has  another  half  groat  of  this  king’s  coin  with  the  arched  crown  s  on  the  re¬ verfe  C I V I T  AS  EBORACI.  Mr.  Thorejby  exhibits  a  penny,  alfo,  of  thi,  king. H  D.  G  R  OSA  S  I  E.  S  P  A.  Henricus  Dei  gratia  rofa  fine  fpina  ;  reverfe  Cl  V  I- T AS  EBORACI.  Three  pellets  in  each  quarter  of  the  crofs. EC  IVETAS  EBO  RAC  I.R  A^cry  fern  of  king  Edwlrd  the  fourth  with  an  E, nv  of  this  king,  with  Civitas  Eboraci  on  the  reverie. ,,,r  r»I  GRA  REX  ANG.  reverfe,  CIVITAS  EBORACI.  A  penny of  //Rr|th? feventh.  '  The  two  keys  denote  it  of  the  archbiihop’s  coinage.  Mr.  Willis (k)  Abr.  Philofofh.  tranf.  v°l.  V.  p.  30.  edit.  Jnc:. See  alfo  Ducal.  LeoJen.  p.  349- (l)  Ducat.  Leo4.  P-  35°J  35  1 fm)  See  p.  417.  4>«-  “f  this  book. has r APPENDIX.  ctiii has  another  of  this  ftamp.  There  is  a  halfgroat  alfoof  Henry  the  feventh,  the  two  keys under  the  arms,  in  Dr.  Langwith’s  collection. HENRIC.  VIII.  D.  G.  REX.  AGL.  Z.  FRA’C.  reverfe,  CIVITAS'EBORA-  25° A  Cl.  This  coin  has  T.  W.  on  each  fide  the  arms,  and  a  cardinal’s  cap  below,  for  1bo-^cax  >'  VIIE mas  Wolfey ,  cardinal,  and  archbifhop  of  York.  A  very  fair  groat  of  .Thorefby’s. Mr.  Holms  of  the  Tower  has  this  coin  with  the  king’s  head,  half  faced,  the  fame  Infcrip- tion  and  emblems  as  the  former.  Mr.  Willis  alfo  has  one  of  them,  and  a  half  groat  in¬ ferred  as  above.  Thefe  coins  are  to  be  met  with  in,  almoft,  all  the  cabinets  of  the  cu¬ rious.  This  king  had  alfo  a  mint  to  himfelf  a tYork  •,  Dr.  Langwitb  has  a  groat  of  his coinage ;  reverfe,  CIVITAS  EBORACI.  Mr.  Tborefby  mentions  a  penny  of  pure, and  another  of  bafe  metal  of  this  king  in  his  collection  ;  on  the  reverfe  of  which  is  C'u vitas  Eboraci.  Mr.  Willis  has  a  halfpenny,  alfo,  coined  by  Eckvard  Lee  archbifhop  of York,  having  on  the  face  fide  E.  L.  and  on  the  reverfe,  CIVITAS  EBORACI. It  feems  by  this  that  what  was  efteemed  a  high  crime  and  mifdeameanour  in  Wolfey ,  and made  one  of  the  articles  of  impeachment  againit  him,  was  none  in  his  immediate  fuccefTor-, who  ftamped  the  fame  preemptive  letters  on  the  king’s  coin ;  and  would  have  put  the cardinal’s  cap  there,  no  doubt,  if  he  had  been  honoured  with  the  title. Mr.  Willis  has,  in  his  collection,  a  crown  and  half  crown  of  Edward  the  fixth’s  coin,  re- Ed’kVirc<‘Vi- prefenting  him  on  horfeback,  ftruck  at  York ;  as  the  Y  in  the  legend  declares,  dated 1551.  Mr.  Thorefoy  had  the  fame.  The  former  gentleman  has,  alfo,  his  hall-faced  fhil-zSo,  1??. ling  of  bafe  metal,  and  full-faced  Ihilling  of  the  purer  filver  •,  which  have  likewife  a  Y •  upon  the  face  fide  to  fhew  them  minted  at  York.  Dr.  Langwitb  has  a  very  fair  Ihilling of  this  king’s  coin,  with  a  Y  for  York ,  on  both  the  fides.  Mr.  Willis  has  a  fix  pence of  the  fame  king,  fide  faced,  with  a  Y  for  York.  But  I  have  feen  a  fix-pence  in  Mr.G'rW’s colleition  at  York,  fide  faced,  on  the  reverfe  of  which  is  CIVITAS  EBORACI. Mr.  Willis  has  a  three-pence,  of  this  fort,  and  with  the  fame  legend. Mr.  Tborefly  had  a  /hilling  of  queen  Elizabeth’s  coin,  which  he  fays  was  ftruck  in  the  arch- Elizabeth, bilhop  of  York’s  mint,  as  appears  by  the  key  before  the  legend.  The  arms  garnilhed. I  take  this  to  be  the  laft  ftamp  the  prelates  of  York  were  permitted  to  ufe  in  their  old privilege  of  coinage.  For  I  never  could  hear  of  any  other.  Mr.  Willis  has  a  three  half¬ penny  piece  of  this  queen  ;  which  has  a  rofe  inftead  of  the  queen’s  head,  on  the  face  fide; and,  on  the  reverfe,  round  the  arms,  CIVITAS  EBORACI.  This  coin,  he  ob- ferves,  is  the  only  one  of  that  denomination  ever  coined. The  half  crowns  of  king  Charles  the  firft,  minted  at  York,  have  the  king  on  horfeback  Charles  I. with  a  fword  advanced,  and  under  the  horfe  EBOR.  A  lion  pafiant  gardant  for  the  362- mint-mark.  CAROLVS  D.  G.  MAG.  BRIT.  FRAN.  ET  HIB.  REX;  re¬ verfe,  the  arms  in  an  oval  crowned,  the  ufual  legend,  but  the  ftamp  curious.  Four  dif-  369,  &c. ferent  fhillings  of  this  king,  coined  at  York,  were,  alfo,  in  Mr.  Thorefby’s  Mufeum.  Two of  which  ftamps  Mr.  Willis  has  in  his  collection.  He  has  alfo  a  three-pence  with  EBOR.  393 ■ on  the  king’s  arms  •,  the  fame  with  Mr.  Thorejly’s.  Mr.  Willis  rightly  obferves,  that, no  doubt,  other  moneys,  as  fix-pences,  groats,  two- pences,  and  pennies  were  coined  at York,  when  this  unfortunate  prince  fet  up  the  royal  mint  in  that  city,  but  they  are  not in  his  collection.  The  mint-mark  on  all  thefe  coins  is  a  lion  pafiant  gardant,  part  of the  arms  of  the  city  of  York,  as  well  as  the  king’s  arms. In  the  reign  pTking  William  the  third,  when  all  the  clipped  and  diminiftied  money  was called  in,  a  mint  for  a  new  coinage  was  ereCted  at  York  from  the  years  1695,  to  1697. At  this  mint,  as  Mr.  Tborefby  writes,  from  the  information  of  major  Wyvil  the  mafter  of the  mint,  there  were  coined  three  hundred  and  twelve  thoufand  jive  hundred  and  twenty pounds  and  fixpence.  But  in  a  manufeript  collection  of  James  Wejl ,  efq;  from  the  papers of  Benjamin  Woodnot,  efq;  then  comptroller  of  the  coins,  the  mint  at  York  is  put  down thus. Silver,  67,000  423  3. Tale  20,9011  l.  6  s. At  this  coinage  was  minted  at  York  half-crowns,  /hillings  and  fix-pences.  Thofeof96, have  a  Y  under  the  king’s  head;  thofe  of  97,  Y.  This  mint  worked  at  the  Manor,  and is  the  laft  mint  which  has  been  ereCted  in  the  city  of  York. There  is  no  difpute  to  be  made,  but  the  coinage  for  gold,  as  well  as  filver,  was  kept up  in  the  mints  at  York,  from  the  time  of  Edward  III.  who  firft  ftruck  that  metal,  to  much later  reigns.  I  have  feen,  and  took  pains  to  copy  out  a  mandate,  from  the  records  in  the Tower,  of  this  king’s  to  the  high- fheri/T  of  Yorkshire,  for  ereCling  a  mint  for  coining  gold and  filver  money  in  the  cajlle  of  York.  Which  I  would  have  printed,  but  I  think  it  need- lefs  here,  becaufe  feveral  of  that  fort  are  publifhed  in  the  Foedera  Ang.  though,  of  later reigns.  The  reafon  that  I  have  few  or  none  to  exhibit  in  this  lift,  of  gold  coins,  is  be¬ caufe  they  feldom,  or  never  had  any  particular  mark  or  legend  on  them,  in  that  metal,  to denote  where  the  coins  were  ftruck.  There  are  but  two  exceptions  that  I  have  met  with, and  they  of  the  fame  king,  againft  this  general  rule.  One  of  them  a  foveraignof  Edward  VI. repre- William  ITT. 4 cix  APPEND!  X. reprefenting  him  fitting  on  his  throne,  with  a  Y  for  a  mint-mark  after  his  titles  ;  which letter  is  alfo  ftruck  on  the  reverie,  over  the  arms.  This  piece  is  in  Mr.  Willis's  noble  col¬ lection  ot  Englijh  gold  coins,  edcemed  the  fined  in  England  ;  and  weighs  as  he  informs  me to  the  value  of  twenty  feven  ihillings. A  very  fair  half  fovereign  of  the  fame  king-,  the  king’s  bud  crowned,  with  a  fword in  his  right  hand,  and  a  globe  and  a  crofs  in  his  left.  EDWARD  V],  D.  G.  AGL. FRA.  Z.  HIB.  REX.  with  Y  for  York-,  the  reverfe  as  ufual,  IESVS  AVTEM,  &c. 1  his  coin  was  in  Mr.  Thorefhy' s  collection,  and  is  further  defcribed  p.  364.  N°.  284.  of  his Ducat.  Leod. In  Mr.  Willis's  extracts  from  the  indentures  in  the  Tower  are  noted  fome  mint-mader’s names,  appointed  for  the  coinage  at  York-,  which  that  gentleman  has  communicated  to me  as  follows, Anno  1  of  Henry  VI.  Bartholomew  Goldbeter ,  maderand  worker  of  the  king’s  mints,  was to  make  at  the  Tower  of  London ,  cities  of  York  and  Brijlol ,  nobles,  half  and  quarter-nobles gold;  and  in  filver  at  the  faid  places  or  mints,  groats ,  half-groats ,  pennies ,  halfpennies and  farthings.  Dated  July  16. Anno  1 2  of  Henry  VI.  John  Paddefey ,  mader  aud  worker,  had  the  fame  licence. Anno  9  of  Edward  IV.  William  lord  Haflings  had  licence  of  coinage  of  all  forts  of  the king’s  money,  at  the  mints  of  the  Tower  of  London ,  and  at  York ,  Coventry ,  Norwich  and Brijlol  mints. Anno  2  of  Edward  HI.  1548.  George  Gale  was  condituted  mader  and  worker  of  the king’s  mints  at  York. I  have  to  add,  that  Goldbeter ,  mentioned  in  the  fird  indenture,  mud  have  been  mint- mader  at  the  time  when  the  counties  of  York ,  Northumberland ,  and  other  eight  northern counties  petitioned  the  king  in  parliament  to  fend  down  a  mint-mader  to  York ,  as  ufual, to  coin  gold  and  filver  for  the  eafe  and  advantage  of  the  laid  counties,  &c.  The  petition I  have  thought  proper  to  extraCb  from  the  parliament  rolls,  and  I  lhall  give  it  in  its  ori¬ ginal  language. “  La  petition  des  communes  de  countees  D’Everwyk,  &c.  pour  avoir  le  coirne  d  Gt-fccriEvk, Rot.  pari.  2  Hen.  VI.  N°.  12.  ? “  A  U  r°y  nodre  foveraigne  feigneur  et  as  autres  tres  gracioufes  feigneurs  elpirituelx  et “  temporalxafiemblez  en  cet  prefentparlement  fupplient  humblement  toute  le  lieges “  du  r°y  nodre  foveraigne  feigneur  des  countees  d’  (fcbcrtopUe,  $0,2tljumbre\  Mcffmcrl’* cc  Cumbrc’.  Jlancaflreh  Cctfrc,  jj£tcfyol,  jotting!/.  £Dcrb\  iicbcfqtie  Dc  SDurefnt,  et Ci  toutes  les  parties  de  North,  que  come  nadgaires  en  le  parlement  de  vodre  pier,  que “  dieu  affoille,  tenuz  a  SHElcffmontfrc  lan  de  fon  regne  noefifme,  ordeigne  feud  et  edable “  que  de  la  viell  de  j^ocll  adonques  prochein  avenir  en  avant  nul  liege  du  roy  receveroyc “  aucune  monoye  dor  GDnglops  en  paiement,  fi  non  par  le  poys  du  roy  fur  ce  ordeigne, “  et  per  apres  a  votre  darraine  parlement  fuide  ordeigne  al  purfuyt  des  ditz  fupplyantz “  pur  le  proufit  de  vous  et  aife  de  tout  le  pays  la  envyron,  que  le  maytre  et  overour  des “  nionoies  le  roy  denes  le  £lq ut  de  ILounDl'CS  deud  venir  a  (2;berfcD5lJ  pur  illoeques  coigner lor  et  largent  du  dite  pays,  que  ne  feud  de  droit  poys  per  commandment  de  votre “  counfeil  pur  y  demeurer  tanque  a  vodre  plefir,  par  vertue  du  quell  ordenance  le  die “  medre  a  ede  au  dite  citee  d’  et  mis  fus  illoeques  le  dit  mynt  a  graunt  prou- “  fit  du  roy  et  aife  de  les  ditz  countees,  mais  ores  ed,  le  dit  medre  et  les  overours  re- “  tournez  dilloeques  per  ont  les  lieges  du  roy  en  les  ditz  parties  pur  lour  fingular  avaun- “  tage  payent  refeeivent  communement  leur  or  que  ed  defeClif  per  rates  et  abatements “  count re  lordenounce  de  ledatut  avant  dit  en  contempt  du  roy  et  damage  de  luy  et  fon “  people. “  Qpe  plefe  a  vodre  hautefie  par  autorite  de  ced  prefent  parlement  ordeigner  que  le  dit “  maidre  foit  charge  de  retourner  a  vodre  dit  citee  et  illoeques  coigner,  come  ill  fid  per “  devaunt  et  demourer,  ou  lefler  illoeques  un  fon  fuffifaunt  deputee  pour  qui  ill  veult  re- “  poundre  tanque  come  vous  plerra. “  Et  en  oultre  ordeigner  per  edatut  que  tout  lor  desditx  parties,  que  default  droit  poys “  appert  a  le  Cljaftell  D’CbcrtU^k  et  illoeques  coigne  devant  le  fede  de  S. “  prochien  avenir,  et  que  nul  or  que  ne  foit  de  joud  poys  ne  courge  de  lors  enavant  en e*  payment  ne  ait  cours  dedeigns  les  countees  avauntditz  naillours  deigns  vodre  roialme,  et que  fur  ce  loit.  fait  proclamation  per  mye  le  vodre  roialme. ’  ^  quelle  petition  devaunt  les  feigneurs  du  dit  parlement  leux  et  entenduz  per  mefmes  les “  Jeigneurs  de  laffent  des  communes  avant  ditz  du  roy alme  en  y cell  parlement  fuijt  refponduz  en II  la  four  me  perfuite. i.a  petition  ctf  graunt  drome  il  ctf  ocCre  par  icelh I  have cx APPENDIX. I  have  now  pafied  through  a  fort  of  a  feries  of  our  Saxon,  Norman  and  Englijh  coins ftruck  at  York,  from  the  time  of  Edwin  the  great  to  the  year  1697,  a  courfe  of  a  thoufand years  and  upwards.  1  am  perfuaded  this  feries  might  be  made  a  great  deal  more  corn- pleat  from  other  colleftions  in  this  kingdom  ;  but  I  own  I  have  neither  time  nor  inclina¬ tion  to  do  it.  Sufficient  it  is  for  my  defign  to  fhew,  that  there  have  been  mints  at  2ork from  the  reign  aforefaid  to  the  laft  mentioned  period,  under,  almoft,  every  different  king. And  I  only  give  this  as  a  fpecimen  for  fome  perfon  of  this  kind  of  tafle,  of  more  leilure and  lefs  avocation  from  it,  to  enlarge  and  fill  up. The  laft  thing  I  think  proper  to  mention  and  exhibit  a  draught  of,  on  the  head  of  the coinage  at  York ,  are  the  tradefmens  half-pennies  ftruck  there,  which  the  plate  gives  to  the number  of  fifty  different  ftamps. This  privilege  was  firft  obtained  under  the  Ufurpation  (a) ;  but  it  was  not  reftrained  till  the 24  of  Charles  II.  or  anno  1672  ;  when  the  king’s  copper  half-pence  and  farthings  took  place in  their  ftead.  There  are  of  the  years  1670,  and  71.  in  this  collection  ;  which  I  take  to be  fingular,  both  on  the  account  of  the  large  number,  and  their  being  all  in  one  perfon’s pofieffion  at  York  •,  Mr.  Samuel  Smith  baker  in  Grape-lane .  I  think  it  not  amifs  to  tranfmit thefe  trifling  coins  to  pofterity,  fince  there  never  were  before  fuch  things  ftruck  in  the kingdom,  and,  in  all  probability,  never  will  be  again  (b). (a)  One  of  this  fort  of  coins  in  Mr.  Weft' s  colleiftion  from  the  royal  prerogative. is  as  early  as  the  year  1649.  Which  fliewsthat  the  pa-  (b)  Sec  a  further  account  of  this  kind  of  coinage  at triots  of  thofe  days  gave  this  as  one  proof  of  a  releafe  York,  and  other  places  in  Thorejby’s  Ducat. Leod.  381. E  X  E  G  /. 9  B AN ^rk  /a//y?e/{//?y. yifisx-A (HA  lf;$ TE  NY  iyjj O/HALFI^ ,^PENvyC/ •qIHALF  Ej H'  pp  w/* {''Cfu7sr£u ‘  l f .  'Aotjuu  \ (  undent ,qf-  fJOT/Ccj \AA  s  ]y U-(  HI  S  7 rJH  A  L  F <Oi$- y/HA  J  F •',:,|A'.y i3g'o  SHALFE'i' ,y  -•  piavs #*/'X  Alices MATHEw\ hot HAM DR  A  PER •  •  f  N  •  • \Y  0  R  K 4 y  «  «  «  y  y  />*a '  HALF';-'#|  rp '  p  t?  \iv;v  7  •  i  r  ' w  iforfa w$$ /®4  *'♦  ••v-N m\i666  )  1; /edwardX [LEGO-Hl  S H  ALFE PENNY/ ;^’h  fs j2/HA  I.Fi£ \-\P  ENY/^J /  ^  tcfian) \yf  yorfs MO.OSEInX /  STONE GATF /TflVNKM  A  K ! ER : HIS HALF  i \PE NY/ z  -*SXSs  -jS-  st,T' /-  'rrs£>  ;  c  to  v  V  *■  A :  ■ y  P Xpeny/ >M>.;h  a  lfeI> </  FfENN'Y YORKE >FENY,>,, ►  r— V. HALFE APE  W; o  - — A VtAfEW® pi.-py/ 4/his »ilALF  }E f&ct.muei *  Saw 1 A  i/crte rtazrAur3 s' I xvl °3n *r,  HIS  %\ C  [H  A  L  Fi  roj -  HTS  </ HALFE,  to (jfHALF^g ivyvyy /  \  /  ‘ Clia/Iker  W f  l  : 'bier  in  /  vV  b v  ’Jyor/i/uiy  /- A>'hk,;  A .-  HALF  <’ >teNY/*l 4S4 u  (H  'LKF.  |tl\ ^  [PENNY  ) /iy-MIs'V >'HAL|- Y'peny i\  AY/fils',./' -,1^=3  halfe.c. :i'>;F^<  ofENNY/j -•  /  J  Vm  .  I >H  I  S  ^ (HALF  o ,\PE  NVA., A  N INDEX O  F PLACES  and  PERSONS, A. Aaron,  a  yew,  228. Aaron’s  rod,  i  36. Abacot,  1 1 2. Abbay,  360. Abberford,  550. Abberconway,  462. Aberford,  19,  54,  335. Abidlon,  584. Abingdon,  428,  456. Abundevillc,  60 1 . Abus  Aestuarium,  29. Acaftcr,  39,  294,  295,  35b,  361,  588,  60I,  604, 605,  606,  61 1,  613,  615,  622. Acaiter  Malbis,  281,  382,  384. - - -  Selby,  281,  382,  384. Acclam,  3-50,  567. Acclom,  270,  345,  584. Accus,  33 y. Achworth,  546,  576. Aelud,  2,  5. Acombe,  361,  397,  550,  568* * - hills,  490. Afton,  352. Adams,  341,  368,  389. Adda,  71. Addifon,  489. Addle,  Ade locum,  19. Addyn.gham,  409. Adelfius,  400. Adelm,  409. Adelwald,  537. Adley,  372. Adrian,  370. Adulf,  411. Aeneas,  2,  38. • -  Silvius,  477. Aetius,  67. Aette,  605. Africa,  378. Agar,  1S1,  221,  222,  233,  265,  267. - Hofpital,  254. Agelocum,  39. Agelun,  60 6. Agelbert,  403. Agincourt,  109,  349,  407. Agland,  361. Agmondcrnefs,  409,  5-14. Agnes,  pryorefs,  247, Agnes- Bui  ton,  5+6. Agricola,  8,  50. Aguiler,  309,  360. Ailpinus,  1  S3. Aimandcrby,  36. Ainderby,  335,  607, Ainfty,  21,  136,  221,  244,  381,  382,  584. - —  ■  crois,  389. Aiou,  389. Aire  flu.  no,  114,  199,  200,  207,  281. Airmine,  39,  10 1,  281. Airminexa,  69. Aithwick,  21,  452. Aiflaby,  177,  367,  714.. Aiftan,  3-39. Akam,  308. Akaftre,  33-1. Akeroid,  386. Akum,  292,  270,  534,  55 6. Alain  earl  of  Richmond,  88,  562. Alan  Rufus,  582,  584,  586,  588,  592, Alan,  581,  602. Alaric,  49. Albania,  2,  37 1. Alban*hall,  466. Albany,  350. St.  Alban’s,  57,  109,  306,  4^0,  363. St.  Alban,  386,  426. Albain,  498. Albemarle,  89,  91,  349,  58;,  587,  588,  593,  617. Albert,  408, Albinus,  371. Albion,  2. Albon,  256. Alburwyke,  5 66,  367. Albus,  249. Alclud,  23. Alcocks,  313. Alcuin.  Ebov.  8,  41,  73,  8y,  87,  gt,  223,  227,  370, 371,  408,  409,  473,  482,  483. Aldborough,  3,  24,  42,  229,  316. Aldburgh,  19,  22,  23,  24,27,  28,  29,  64,  202,  28 1, .55°,  5 S 1  • Aldbury,  613. Aldby,  22,  33,  259. Alderfgate,  377. Alderfbn,  367. Aldeflanmore,  362. Aldingham,  275. Aldred  81,  407,411,  411,  413,  4I7,  489,  547,559. Aid walton,  39. Aldwark,  13,  44,  312,  316,  356,  350,  572. — -  Ferry,  12,  23,  29,  42,  281. Aleftus,  29. Alemania,  605. Alexander,  97,  98,  178,  274,  299,  370,  524,  336, 5*37* Aleyn,  499. Alford,  33-4. Alfred,  85,  179,  406,  407,  5*47. Alfredfton,  32. Alfric,  3-34. Alfward,  180. Alicia,  248. Aliton,  584. Alkborough,  39. Alleftus, •I I I i INDEX. Allcftus,  4Z. Allen,  272,  358,  363,  364,  365. Allenfon,  222,  223,  231,  357,  358,  365,  366,  534. Allerton,  317,  352,  356,  360. All-faints,  Northftrect,  56,  234,  242,  263,  274,  273", 277,  278. •  - Pavement,  221,  234,  237,  242,  292,  293, 294>  29 301.  - •  Peafeholm,  234. - Fifhergate,  234,  237,  270,  251. - -Chapel,  456,  461, Alleftree,  466. Almaigne,  20 1. Almry-garth,  139,  260. Alne,  361,  362,  530,  568. Alneto,  591. Alps,  412. Alverton,  275,  334,  361,  61 S. Alverthorpe,  295,  356,  360. Alveflhoipe,  544. Alvcy,  377, Alwaldeby,  395. Alvvardthorpe,  384. Alwin,  281. Alwrcd,  594. Amac,  81. Araand,  202. Ambler,  128,  367,  534. Ambrofius,  482. Amcoats,  361. Americans,  178. Amerfette,  584. Amminianus  Mar.  1 7,  20. Ampleford,  294,  296,  361,  550,  551. Amundeville,  248,  603. Amyas,  357,  363. Analtalius,  418. Ancitty,  187,  196,  206,  381. Andalufia,  2. Andegavenfis,  589. Anderton,  288.,  318. Andover,  1 50. Andrews,  312,  559,  564. St.  Andrew’s-priory,  236,  249,  230,  383,  393,  562. • - Church,  234,  237,  316,  327,  435,  436, 537.  538.  539.  583- - Fifhergate,  307.  j - - - Hermitage,  584. St.  Andrew-gate,  312,  316,  572. St.  Andre w’s-thorpe,  382. Anfleda,  403. Anfrid,  72,  73. Angavin-race,  124. Angli,  401. Anglicus,  559,  763. Anglo-Saxons,  4,  14,  55,  72,  8 1,  226,  258. - Duaceni,  286. Angram,  382,  393,  546. Anguiller,  355,  336. Angus,  389. Anlaff,  So,  81,  578,  579. Anlathby,  606. St.  Ann’s  chapel,  Fofs-bridge,  233,  304. . .  Horfe-fair,  235. Anne,  queen,  117,  383,  469,  577. Anna,  a  few,  95. Anfclm,  414  416,  760. Anftis,  532. St.  Anfton,  550. Antenor,  2. St.  Anthony’s  hofpital,  236,  312,  315. - Hal,  316- - fpitral,  236,  256. St.  Anthony  of  Padua,  315. Antiquarian  fociety,  63. Antoninus,  3,  4,  9,  18,  24,  29,  64,  65. Mntonini  itin.  49,  59. Antwerp,  128. Apelton,  783,  3-84,  601,  602,  603,  604,  607,  606, 607,  611,  618,  620,  621,  622. Apotecarius,  359. Appclton,  356. Appian-ways,  18. Appleby,  270,  356,  360,  363,  449,  497,  609. Applegaith,  275,  290. Appleton,  36,  376,  366,  382,  384,  385,  612,  613, 615,  627. Apple-yard,  212,  222,  364,  365. Apulia,  558,  559,  561,  562,  567. Apylton,  303,  308,  327. Aquae,  39. Aquitain  toi,  436. Arator,  483. Archbutt,  286. Archer,  287. Archigallus,  5. Archis,  3;o,  384,  388.  391,  393.  394,  478,  383, S8+,  389. Ardington,  263,  334. Ardmanoch,  350. Aregi,  609. Areton,  390. Argentecoxus,  15. Argenton,  335. Ariftotle,  370,  374,  483. Arleet,  409. Arles,  401. Armitage,  133,  354,  355. Armorica,  68. Armftrong,  306, Arnale,  297,  3x1,  355,  360,  499. Arragon,  527. Artogal,  5. Arthur,  69,  70,  71,  472. Arundel,  99,  106,  425,  436,  566,  608,  617. Afaph,  2. Afceline-hall,  263. Afcelles,  351. Alcenby,  545. Afchetill,  584,  385,  586. Afcombe,  382. Alii,  175. Alhburn,  267. Alhby,  267,  285. -  de  la  Zouch,  433. Aihton,  275,  339,  353. Afia,  378. Aik,  127,  284,  326,  354,  368,  601,  602,  604,  617. Afkam,  355,  356,  360,  361,  390,  541,  543,  546, 551*  55z- ■  -  Bryan,  382,  391. ■  ■  —  Richard,  382,  391. Alkarth,  281. Alkbridge,  281. Alkby,  361. Alkelleby,  334. Alketel,  407. Alkue  472,  433. Alkwith,  130,  1 3 1,  132,  173,  220,  22 r,  247,  276, 298.  357.  36,-. Allakeby,  287. Afpley,  447. Afquith,  338. AlTembly-rooms,  337,  338. Afler-Meneven,  77. Aflis-hall,  250. Aftarte,  26. Aftley,  139. Aftylbrigg,  597. Athanalius,  482. Athelmus,  482. Athelftan,  78,  79,  267,  32,  407,  409,  340,  342, 544-  3 Athelwold,  410. Athens,  7,  47. Athenians,  63 ■  •  -•  Rcpublick,  178. Atkins,  177. Atkinfon,  273,  276,  290,  300,  314,  339,  365,  367* Atome,  745. Aton,  362. —  - - parva,  334. Atwater,  39. Atwayn,  363, Audellan,  621. St.  Audrey’s-caufey,  39. Augo,  766. Augur,  10 Augullus  Caefar,  18,  29. Auguftinus,  402,  403,  482. St.  Augullinc, V i INDEX. St.  Auguftine,  371,  374,  401,  585. - -  monartcry,  236,  284,  289. Augufta,  401 . Avignion,  432.  433,  434,  550. Aukland,  129. Aula,  615. Auldeftanmore,  357. Auloncby,  584. Aulus  Gellius,  7. Aumcry-garth,  596,  597. Aunger,  592. Aurclianus,  Titus,  24,  58,  43. Aurelius  Ambrortus,  68,  69,  80,  472. Aurifabris,  620. S.  Auftin,  45,  404,  432,  436. Auyllum,  605. Awham,  506. Ayhton,  390. Aylefton,  386. Aynderby,  y84. Ayre  fl.  232,  436. Ayremine,  290,  593,  599. AyCroygh,  294,  296. Ayton,  S4S- BAal,  26. Babington,  289. Babthorpc,  368,  387. Bacchus,  16. Bachanaiians,  71. Bacon,  123,  127,  453.  : Badon-hills,  70. Baggeby,  334. Bagulcy,  275. Bainbrigg,  362. Baines,  367. Baine,  365. Bailiol,  585,  392,  593, Baile-bridge,  282. Baillet,  405. Bainard,  585,  588,  589. Baitman,  492. Baker,  113. Bakerthorpe,  582. Bakyrfaxther,  361. St.  Balbine,  442. Baldock,  101. Baldolphus,  69. Baldwin,  493. Bale,  42,  371,  374,  407,  408,  410,  415,  435,  436, 43.9- Bale  ford,  202. Baliol,  99,  103,  588,  3-90,  614. - -  college,  444. Baliftarius,  287,  58 6,  3-87,  588,  592. Baine,  360. Bampton,  616. Bank,  273,  361,  362,  396. Bankhoufe,  363,  364. Banburgh,  354. Bangor,  463,  536. Banham,  584. Banks,  275,  361,  5 66,  329. Bannockburn,  100. Bannum,  617. Baptifta  Porta,  45. S.  Barbara,  558,  559,  560. Barbarians,  53,  67. Barber,  335. Barbot,  336. Bardcby,  263. Bardolf,  106,  351,  583,  391,  603. Barf,  36. Bargueft,  58. Barker,  286,  272,  308,  327,  329,  363,  364. - hill,  254. Barkfhire,  155. Barlby,  281. Barlow,  355,  365,  382,  398,  512. Barn,  602,  606. Barnacaftle,  362. Barnatt,  367. Barnby,  33,  320,  361,  344,  351,  613. -■ —  - Moor,  33,  34,  64. Barnes,  103,  104,  103,  540,  567, Barnefdalc,  127. Barnet,  114,  445. Baron,  366. Baronia,  336. Baronius,  42. Bait,  568. Barroughs,  13. Barrowby,  534, Barftovv,  367. Barthorpe,  550. Barton,  3 6,  128,  252,  263,  294,  311,498,546,568, 586. Barwick,  375. Bafale,  351. Bafil,  442. Balingburg,  585. Balkerville,  3  45 . Ballet,  169,  559,  562. Baflianus,  16,  17,  142. Barton,  249. Bafy,  248,  267,  320,  355,  360,  391. Batchelour,  364. Bate,  374. Bateman,  363,  610. Bath,  122,  123,  126,  150,  155,  2jl,  350,  351,  374, 430,  44O. Bathurft,  273,  280,  335. Batnell,  360. Bator,  303. Batfon,  390. Batten,  162. Batterfea,  446,  342,  546. Battlebridge,  83. Battleflatts,  84. Batty,  283,  282. Batuenr,  351. Bavaria,  349. Baudowin,  587. Baumberg,  270. Baulan,  99. Bawtrey,  175,  222,  272,  273,  3 66. Baxter,  4,  22,  30,  34,  36,  387. Bayeux,  413,  415. Bayle,  370,  428,  429. Bayles,  232. Baylcy,  364. Baynard's-caftle,  378. Bayncbridge,  44S,  449,  504,  559,  564. Bayntings,  313. Baynton,  385. Bayock,  367. Beadfmcn,  572. Beake,  366. Beale,  366,  305. Beane,  364. Bears,  222,  345,  366. Bearden,  297. Beafley,  363. Beauchamp,  527, Beaumont,  102,  104,  105,  nr,  324,  355,  379,385, 388,  524. Beck,  430,  431. Becket,  366,  421,  492. Bcckingham,  in, Beckthorpe,  393. Beckwith,  62,  278,  340,  3J3,  355,  358,  364,  365, 369.  5  >4- Bedalc,  285,  337,  362,  393. Bede,  10,  21,  23,  31,  35,  46,  71,  72,  73,  258,  370, 400,  401,  404,  403,  406,  407,  439,  472,  482, 489,  539>  54i- Bedern,  Bedhern,  8cc.  233,  239,  317,  350,  569,  370, 572>  573- Bedewynde,  568. Bedford,  410,  447,  340. —  -  fhire,  39. Beeford,  546. Been,  272. Beefly,  337. S.  Bees,  579,  586. Beefton,  272. S.  Beges,  466,  621. Beggargatc-lane,  246,  247. Bek,  584. 9C Bekyngha! INDEX. Bckyngham,  566,  567. Belaflis,  138,  160,  354,  368,  369,  503. Bcleby,  500,  505- Bclinus,  5. Belgick-coaft,  35,  42. Belt,  171,  233,  247,  365,  366,  368. Belton,  294,  360,  361,  585. Belthorpe,  550. Bell,  176,  272,  314,  361,  366,  48 1,  496 Bellamy,  3 1 1 . Bcllerephon,  62 Bellerby,  583,  607,  613. Bellew,  20 r ,  393. Bellingham,  369. Bellman,  306. Bellona,  10,  11,  12,  55. Bello  campo,  583. Bello  homine,  27;. Bellucenfis,  400. Bellwood,  301. Ben,  308. Bene,  267. Bencfeld,  591. Benchard,  257. Benedict,  94,  95,  472. S.  Benedift,  235,  322,  580,  581. Beneldale,  544. Benge,  252,  275. Bengrant,  336. Beningburgh,  12,  25,  42,  334,  577,  585,  586,  615, 623. Benlay-lanc,  262. Bennet,  132,  337.  369.  37®.  4S6.  4S7<  S'1 Bennet-place,  322,  323. •  - rents,  322,  346. Benny,  288,  305. Benfon,  282,  358,  367,  571. Bently,  252,  297. Bempton,  288,  313. Berdefey,  478. Berden,  309,  361. Bereford,  581. Berentine,  359. Berkley,  383.  , ■  ■  -  caftle,  102. Bermyngham,  568,  581.  i Bern,  77,  81. Bernald,  592. Bernard,  367,  417. -  caftle,  129,  585. Berneby,  606. Bcrnicia,  69,  71,  72,  79. Bernicians,  76. Berningham,  386. Berterius,  401- Berton,  566. Berwick,  100,  101,  ill,  142,  130,  311,  310,  366, 390,  440,  540. Befeby,  328. JJefkwood,  120. Beflon,  222,  365. Befton,  290. Bethel,  252,  253,  354.  35) Bethum,  585. Betfon,  270. Bevercote,  46,  369. Beverlac,  582. Beverley,  30,  79,  144,  283,  295,  332,  360,  361, 363,  407,  409,  4ii,  412,  416,  417,  418,  425, 430,432.  436,  446,  451,  504,  523,  541,  542, 544.  S66.  572- •  - minfter,  260,  577. - gate,  1 27, Bewe,  272. Bewie-park,  433- Bcyne,  337. Bickall,  272. Bickerton,  381,  382,  397- Bickhead,  362. Bielby,  273,  364. B'gg.  z97.  Jz7>  367- B'gg'ns,  550. Bigland,  301. Bigot,  316, Biker,  320. Bilbowe,  358. Bilbrough,  267,  360,  382,  391,  586- Bilham,  360. Billar,  318. Billingborough,  39. Billingham,  318. Bilton,  382,  390,  393,  395. Binbroke,  784. Binchefter,  22. Binfield,  466. Bingley,  220,  221,  571, Binkes,  364,  365. Binns,  221. Biondi,  107,  109. Birbeck,  296. Birdfal,  572. Birkby,  132,  337,  363. Birkhead,  363. Birland,  294. Birmingham,  48s,  499- Birnand,  368. Bifhop,  130. Bifhopfton,  379. Bifliopthorpe,  105,  134,  266,  281,  382,  383,  384, 43 438>  439>  45^,  458>  464.  465,  466»  542> 546,  562. Bifhop- Wilton,  409,  544,  546,  550,  551. Bifhop-Burton,  451,  509,  546,  552. Bi (hop-hill,  265,  169,  270,  283. - fields,  136,  139,  SS2' - places,  545. - lathes,  546,  5 so. - fide,  S4S- - bridge,  42 1. • - chappel,  235. Biturix,  S5. Blackbeard,  340. Blackburn,  171,  Z77,  286,  304,  357,  36Z,  366,  398, 416,  469. Blacktoft,  23  r,  281. Bladen,  387. Blaides,  364. Blake-a-moor,  70. Blake-ftreet,  333,  337,  338,  343,  474,  57': Blanchard,  291. Blankney,  585. S.  Blaze,  185. Bleminftre,  392. Blethwin,  86- Bleuburgh-houfes,  2J. Blithlaw,  445. Blount,  no,  379. Blower,  273. Blunde,  360,  567. Blunt,  275. Blyda,  344,  390. Blythe,  369,  559,  564. Boadicea,  50. Bocking,  469. Bodleyan  library,  627. Boetius,  68,  71,  482. Bocbi,  351. Boeth,  63. Bohes,  334. Bohun,  25,  1  01. Boight,  608. Bolim,  339. Bolrun,  334. Bolingbroke,  295,  35?. Bolles,  337, Boltones,  199,  231,  267,  285,  294,  303,  32T,  329, 356,  357,  360,  361,  367,  390,  550,  584,  585, 610. Bolton-Percy,  382,  385,  386,  3,87,  388. - bridge,  25 • Boneville,  360. Bonaventure,  430. Boniface,  344,  581. Boni,  360. Bonner,  37;,  454. Bononia,  451. Booth,  173,  281,  312,  362,  366,  481. Borow, INDEX. Baotham,  60,  63,  256,  257,  434,  59?,  596,  599, 616. - - ward,  1 84- - bar,  55,  S7,  63,  64,  6f,  163,  172,  17?,  245, 2Sa>  353'  57°>  58i>  588,  596. Boravit,  360. Borde,  323. Borough,  122. Borow,  122. Bofa,  407,  489. Boflale,  360. Bofton,  1 27,  283,  5-84. Bofward,  58^. Bote-hall,  325. Botevillin,  558,  560. Bothe,  444,  445,  446,  495,  559,  764,  568,  595. Bofworth,  124.. Botle,  585. St.  Botolph,  584. Botoner,  323. Boulton,  484. Bourchier,  354,  355,  578. Bourdeaux,  55. Boure,  363. Bourgbrigg,  360, Bourn,  389. Boutham,  305,  382. Bovemfount,  323. Bovilc,  254,  428,  429,  490,  494,  559,  562. Botvdam-bar,  3,  126. Bowden,  361. Bower,  342. Bowes,  127,  129,  130,  221,  222,  223,  314,  354, 357»  362,  367,  368>  369.  374-  6zo. Bowet,  440,  441,  442,  474,  483,  490,49!,  51 1,  574’ Bowles,  173,  534. Bowling,  297. Bowlington,  298. Boxworth,  458. Boyes,  329. Boynton,  354,  369,  389. Boz,a,  535. Brabance,  360. Braboniacvm,  54. Bracebrigg,  362,  363,  3 66. Brackenbury,  122. Braddale,  588. Bradficld,  299. Bradford,  161. Bradingham,  585,  604. Bradley,  275,  285,  363,  366,  367,  498,  592, Bradridgc,  267. Bradfhaw,  174,  286,  355. Braffcrtoa,  546. Braikes,  126. Braintree,  469. Brainthwayte,  621. Braith waite,  309,  361,  384. Bramhall,  169,  272. Brakehoufe,  550. Bramham,  54,  390,  584,  618. ■  moor,  19,  54,  108. ■  -  moor-houfe,  5-4. ■  -  park,  571, Brampton,  22. Bramfton,  369. Bran,  582. Brand,  270. Branktree,  501,  502,  y68. Branfpeth,  12Q. Braumflete,  296. Braye,  264. Braykes,  363. Braylock,  305. Bray  ton,  563. Brazilians,  178. Brearton,  369. Bieary,  166,  222,  233,  263,  280,  302,  364,  366,  382. ■  - court,  343. Breddale,  985,  612,  614. Brembre,  334- Bremenio  Corstopitum,  22. Brcmenfis,  84,  401. Brennus,  f. Brerewood,  361. Bretby,  271,  380. Bretegate,  262,  322. Bretegrave,  587. Bretevilla,  586,  614. Breto,  351. Breton,  393,  397. Brett,  539. Bretton,  334. Brettona,  334. Brewby,  550. Brewfter,  222. Bridford,  595, Bridge,  362- Bridges,  229,  369. St.  Bridget,  235,  263. Bridgwater,  300. Bridlington,  297,  374,  431. Bridfale,  296,  361,  585,  593. Brigantes,  3,  7,  8,  22,  58,  322. Bricantom  Civitas,  7. Brigg,  64.  49s- Briggates,  25,  28. Briggenhall,  277,  334,  360. Brig-houfe,  583. Bright,  355, Brickenale,  279,  356. Brick-kilns,  63,  65. Brinkelan,  359. Brinkwell,  zy2. Briftol,  277,  361,  458. Brinfton,  584. Briftow,  308,  356. Britain,  1,  7,  8,  9,  13,  15,  16,  17,  18,  12,  26,  41, 42,  43,  45,  46,  47,  48,  49,  50,  53,  67,  68,  69, 73,  Z26,  287,  332,  370,375,  400,  401,  414,472, 477,  536,  579, 580,  584,  586,  591,  592,  589,  790. Br itannicarum  urbium  nom.  68. ■ -  dux,  48,  49. Britannicus  Maximus,  10,61. Britannia  Prima.  48,  400. - Secunda,  48,  400. Britanniae  Restitutor,  9. Britifli-iflands,  72. Brito,  586. Britonts,  307. Britons,  2,  4,  7,  8,  9,  26,  28,  49,  67,  68,  70,  71,72, 73>  75>  i78>!zzS>  3z2>  386,  399,  400,  402,  403. Broadgate-hall,  377. Brocas,  389. Broche,  215,  221,  233,  295,  318,  357,  358,  366,  397, 509,  566. Brocket,  386. - -  hall,  388. Broddefworth,  320,  552,  563. Broddys,  364,  501. Brogden,  364. Bromflete,  296,  281, 3^2,  36a,  363,  550. Bromholm,  360. Brompton,  77,  78,  81,  418,  3-90. Brother,  321. Brotherton,  571,  552. Brough,  29,  30,  397,  600. Broughton,  22,  568. Brounfeld,  313,  585. Brown,  270,  305,  323,  318,  344,  369,  509, Browney-dike,  41. Bruce,  99,  100,  101,  102,  105. Bruern  Bocard,  73,  7 6. Brunanburg,  79. Brunchild,  405.  * Brunfwick,  350. Brunton,  5-85. Brus  388,  393,  394,  393,  584,  393,  602- Brufe,  391,  393,  433,  586. Brutus,  1,  2,  4,  8,  9. Bruys,  478. Bryan,  272,  273,  317. Bryggys,  259. Bubwith,  551,  3-52. Buchanan,  2,  70,  71,  79,  87,  93,  99,  I01,  102. Buchar,  615. Buchard,  561. Bucheldedaile,  336. Buchubaudes,  48. Buck,  35,  116,  1 17,  131,  3>ai,  3y4,  365. Buckay, INDEX. Buckay,  362. Buckdcn,  362. Buckingham,  56,  114,11;,  116,  1 18,  269,453,4 <-o, 462,  487. - houfe,  269. Buckle,  367. Bucknam,  222. Bucks,  447, Bucktrout,  252, Bugden,  364. Bugthorpe,  264,  393,  551,  586. Bukburrough,  305,  308. Bukepuz,  204. Bukfhy,  357. Bulford,  585. Bulkley,  1 6 1 . Bulleign,  129,  283. Buller,  339. Bullingbroke,  360. Bulmer,  xz 7,  202,  343,  35-1 ,  352,  353,  522. Bundeville,  603. Bunny,  386,  509. Burdevile,  584. Burd,  588. Buvdclever,  327. Burgh,  23,  32,  H3,  41  J,  426,  477,  60s,  61 1,  621. ■  uponfands,  100. Burgreve,  180. Burgundy,  1 13,  126. Burgwiks,  6x1. Buringham,  39. Burland,  320. Burleigh,  130,  132,  221,  369. Burlington, 27,  31,32,  60,  127,  250,  338,  368,  391,  J19. ■  - -  bay,  30,  162. Burnc,  281,  495,  550. Burael,  317. Burnet,  174,  366. Burrel,  566. Burrhed,  409. Burringham,  604. Burrough-bridge,  3,  4,  21,  24,  2s,  26,  27,  28,  101, 129,  166,  201,  202,  281. ■  .  ■  ■  —  hill,  24. Burton,  10,  12,  17,  18,  19,  22,  23,  31,  33,  47,  ss» 111,  179,  202,  252,  257,  272,  290,  311,  320,  323, 344,  3S6>  3 5 7»  3<5i.  362,  392>  4°°.43°>  S42,  585, 606,  617. - Agnes,  ;47,  593. ■  1  ■  Leonard,  258,  552. - Magna,  333. ■  - PyJfey,  ssi,  ss* —  Stather,  252. - Stone,  258. Bufceby,  305. Busfield,  365. Bufk,  43  1 . Buftard,  325,  382. ‘  Thorpe,  325. Butcher-row,  297. Buteiler,  609. Butler,  366. Buttercram,  385. Butterfield,  358. Butterfide,  281. Buttcrwyke,  290,  385,  593,  604 Bycrley,  577, Bygod,  332,  353,  362,605. Byland,  101,  292. Byng,  503. Byngham,  385,  386, Byrkin,  690,  60s. Byrne,  323. Byrome,  551. Byron,  166,  351. Byrfall,  323. Byfchill,  247. Bythinia,  375. Byzantium,  48. c Cadden,  545. Cadwallo,  72,  73,  404. Caen,  408,  409,  536. Caer,  225. Caer-Efroc,  2,  4. - Evrauc,  4. Caerleon,  400,  403. Caerlille,  537,  538. Caefar,  2,  5,  7,  10,  47,  59,  67,  400,  418, CaEsariensis  Max.  48. Caius,  2. Calais,  41,  112,  229,  284,  445,  449,  3-64. Calam,  339, Calaterium  nemus,  3,  5,  7,  302. Calatum,  22. Calcaria,  19,  20,  zi,  54,  60. Calcacefter,  21. Calder,  y8. Caledonia,  8. Caledonians,  9,  13,  50,  53. Caley,  366. Caleys,  272. Calixtus,  446,  538,  739. Callipolis,  5-40. Calome,  364.  365. Calthorpe,  397. Calvehird,  360. Calverley,  353,  478. Calvert,  320,  356,  365,  3 66. Cumbodunum,  19,  34. Cambrian  Mountains,  71. Cambridge,  39,  I08,  155,  222,  223,  359,  240,  370, 376,  37s,  4j8,  446,  448,451,  473,454,  478,  459, 401,462,  464,  469,  580. - fhire,  584,  585,  589. Cambro-Britons,  180 Camden,  3,4,  8,  10,  14,  1 6,  20,  22,  23,  24,  26,  28, 3°,  31,  31  33,  34,  35,  36,  39>  +Q>  44>  45>  49)53> 5 3»  55>  S°>  f9>  °°»  61,  91,  79,  179,  226,  241, 265>  279.  28o>  281,  304,  322,  350,  370,  381,  389, 477.  481. Cameoes,  61. Camera,  334,  593,  601,  602,  603,  6oy,  608,  61 1, 612,613,  614,  615,  616,  618,  619,  622. Camerary,  287. Cameron,  387. Campaigne,  349. Campion,  459. Campus  Martius,  14,63. Camulodunum,  22. Candida-cala,  537,  538. Caneby,  601. Canelby,  290. Cantelou,  623. Cantelupe,  56 6. Canterbury,  23,  91,  99,  not,  371,37 5,  384,  401,403, 40S,  414,  415,  416,  417,  421,  432,  434,  436.442, 463,  492>  J35.  736,  540,  541,  547,  550,  559,  560, 56S,  J7L  o,  591,  621. Cantley,  334. Canute,  8 1 . Capell,  150,  155. Caperon,  361. Capitol,  14. Capua,  562. Caracalla,  9,  10,  1 6,  17,  28,  61. Caraufius,  24,  29,  42,  48. Carayfer,  583. Carbot,  254. Cardinal,  369. Cardinalis,  568. Cardike,  38,  39. Carliol,  5-83,  627. Carhfie,  99,  101,  103,  150,  32/,  458,  464,  503,  504, 779,  S95- Carlton,  360,  466,  55-0. Carmel,  309. Carmelites,  236,  309,  310,  436. Carnaby,  169,  504. Carnarvan,  150,  155. Carnwath,  169. Carpe,  362. Carpenter,  247. Carre,  175,248,353,  362,  363,  376. - gate,  284. - houfe,  550. Carter,  272,  272,  358,  366. Carthaginians,  2. Carthorpe,  586, Cartune, /  N  D  E  X. Cammc,  586. Cartwright,  267. Carver,  <;  i  o. Cavy,  364. Cafaubon,  1  7. Caffibelaun,  7. CalTiodorus,  48a. Caftel,  499,  566. Ctftilc,  47,  349,  396,  52;. Giftle-bar,  37a C 1  file-dike,  549. Caftle- field,  38. Caftlcford,  19,26,  80,  no,  114,  3 1 7. Caflle-gare,  27,  284,  290. Ca file-hill,  3;,  226,  288,  290. Caflle-milns,  40,  249 Ciflor,  38. Callrum,  226. - Bernardi,  622. Cataractonium,  22. Catarift,  22,  26,  28,  586. Catclharroc,  617. Catenas,  393 Catcric,  336. Citcfbridge,  39. C.itherine,  9,  109  451. St  Catherine,  235,  236,  246. Catherine-hall,  454,  469. Catherton.  325,  397. Cathrick,  582 Catour,  120  363. Cattail,  272,  504. * -  bridge,  381,  398. Cattarick,  362,  363,  585. Catterton,  382- Catton,  275,  33;,  360,  545. Cave,  249,  285,  313,  317,  335,  342,  550,  552,  5 bb, 582.  611  615 Cavcndifh,  169. Cawingtowcr,  254. Cawood,  tig,  161,  168,  232,  275,  281,  287,  294, 409  432,  433,435,  436,441,442,444,450,459, 505, 54.2, 543, 546,  s5o. Cawthcra,  361 Eeayryie,  23,  225,  408; Cecil,  369.  505. Cedda,  405,  406. Cod,  339 Cert,  359  616,  61  S. Coleftinc,  338,  537,  548,  SS7- Celtae,  304. C'j-clcton,  545. Cores,  46 Ccraey,  543,  346. Corve,  351,  60b. Ceftria,  2$i. Ccflrienfis,  623.  • 3 Cczevaux,  327. Chaccum,  553. Chaddcrton,  301. Chaldeans,  402 Chalkworkers,  21- Chaloner,  131,368,  369,  38S. Chambers,  367. Chambre,  125,  126. Chamont,  352,  359  388. Champaign,  589,  591,  593. Champenes,  591- Chandler,  567,  581. Chandos,  155- Chapel -garth,  in. Chapman,  286,  364,  504. Chappell,  499 Chavity-fchoois,  260,  315. Chailes  emp  370,  482. Charles  I.  56,  134,  135, ■S3.  'SJ.  '56'  1 59'  17' 136.  i}7,  138,  139,  143, ,  Z30,  231.  267, z~S.  285,  3  1  3-  344-  35°.  37s.  379.  382-  389,  39°. 391,  460,  461,  571,  599- Cha.lcs II.  169,  173,  174,  176,  184,  185.208,  209, 231,238,275,289.  291,  297.  313,  3l8.377.  378. 464-  599. Charles,  prince,  463 . Ch.r.lron,  366 Cham  mag  99 Charter,  362. Charteris,  39. Chaflator,  617. Chaterton,  267. Chaumbre,  495. Chaumpeney,  002. Chaunccllor,  587. Chayter,  366 Cheekc,  369,  513. Chcfhunt,  267. Chcflaver,  267. Chefter,  19,  22,  23,  32,  49,  61,  79,  225,  262,  397, 408, 458, 469, 537, 538, Cheflerton,  38. Chefterfield,  267. Chichefler,  436,  442,  461,  536. Chigwell,  461. Childric,  69. Chillington,  608. Chillingworth,  379. Chimaera,  62,  63. Chimney,  363. Cholmlcy,  145,  149,  162,  280/353,  554,  355,387, Chreflus,  400. Chrifl-church,  235,  243,  316,  319,  320,  389,  456. •  - Oxen,  459,  465. Chrift’s  hofpital,  3 1 9 Chriflmafs  firft  at  York,  70,  71. St.  Chriflophcr,  235,  329,  330. Chrifliern,  87. Chryfoflomus,  482. Churchdown,  545. Chychelet,  303. Chymncy,  120,  121,  12$. Ciaconius,  435,  449,  450. St.  Cicilia,  450. Circus  Flam  .11. Clapham,  299,  361,  586. Clapton,  128. Clare,  150,  329.  527. Clareburg,  313  386,478. Clarell,  390. Clarence,  109,  124.  285  349,  350. Clarendon,  139,  140  144  154  155,  238,382,  462. Clarevaux,  352,  355,  361,  417. Clark,  391,  367. Clarkfon,  310. Claudian,  49. Claudius,  29,  50,  42,  71. Clavering,  166,  169,  328. Claville,  608. Claxton,  586. Claybrooke,  362,  363. Clayton,  240,  264.  361. Clement,  247,  370,431,436,  451/483,  594. St  Clement’s-church,  103,  234,  266,  309. •  - -nunnery,  236,237,  247,383,  560. Clementhorpc,  247,  248,  304. Clerc,  568,  584. Cleve,  591. Clerke,  120,  276,  308,  501,  ^10. Clerk fon,  252. Clet,  616,  619,  621. Cleveland,  37,  363. Cliffc,  262,  267,  362. Clifford,  32,  1 01,  109, _ , _ _  --3, _ 306,337.  352. 334-  424.483.501, 505.527- Clittord’-towcr,  127,1651  171,289. •  - - — moor,  129 Clifton,  46,  63,  in,  245, 579. 582, 583, 586. - - fields,  63,  241. - -  ings,  241. Clinch,  345,  346. Clinton,  1 29. Clithcro,  358. Clivicke.  358. Clone,  275,  297. Clomley,  272. Clofe,  341. Clutterbuck,  567. Clyffe,!  566.  568. Clyfford,  559  564,  568. Clyveland,  313,  344. Coats,  363. 9 1,  113,  188,  217,  289, ,  281,  351,  550,  568,  578, Cobb, INDEX. Cobb,  2S9,  355. Cobham,  433,  566. Cocci  um,  19. Cock,  110. Cocklon,  297,  3 1 1 . Coco,  608,  614,  616. Code,  10. Codor,  69,  70. Codyngham,  470. Coffee-yard,  346. Cogidunus,  400. Coilus,  9,  42. Coke,  313. Cokefeld,  351. Cokerell,  3 1 7. Cokerburn,  339. Cokermcuth,  586. Cokes,  605. Colbeter,  360. Colbrun,  589,  609,  618,  620,  621 Colby,  334,  33;,  559,  563,  586. Colchefter,  375,451,461,  540. Coldronne,  360. Coldftream,  1  74. Cole,  386. Coledei,  332. Colgrin,  69,  70,  586. Coleman,  405,  613. Culefakefliill,  545. Colewen,  616. Coley,  313. Collier,  364,  565. Colliergate,  227,  301,  310.  . Collingham,  390,  446,  47S. Collinfon,  276,  362,  363,  499,  56S. Collir,  259. Collyns,  z-q.  566,  568. Colne,  360. Colonia,  360. - -  Eboracum,  61. - Divana,  61 . Colthurft,  328. Colt  man,  340. Colton,  366,  388,  389,  391,  495,  550,  586, 601,  61 1, 612,  613,  61  5. Columna,  568. Colvile,  273. Comber,  483,  567. Comminianus,  483. Commodus,  9. Common-hall,  329,331. Compton,  545. Comyn,  280. Conan,  602. Concetr,  365. Condon,  253,  355. Conigcfthorpc,  263. Coningftreet,  57,  225. Cynington,  553,  554. Eomns-jajvch,  13. Conniers,  112. Conrad,  31. Conftable,  127,  170,  201,  210,  221, '352,  353,  354, 366,  367,  368,  514,  614,  618,  621. .Conftance,  47,  406. Conftantinc,  13,  21,24,  29,  42,43,  45,  47,48,  61, 79, 136, 316, 332, 370, 375, 400, 490, 572, 580, Conitantinoplc,  7,  I  7.  j Coiiftantius,  13,  43,  44,  43,  46,  57,  61,  136,  316, 400. Conway,  137. Conyers,  272,  345,  333. Cjnyngllreet,  62,  97,  327. Conyngton,  58,  359,  360. Conyfburgh,  68. Conyftrypc,  264. Cockyngs,  297. Cooke,  268,  308,  327,  339,  340,  342,  361,  363,  366, 5 1 5- Cooper,  1 71,  174,  182,  365,  366,  367. Copeland,  85,  105,  363. Cipk-v,  341,  355. Copmanthotpe,  269,  270,  552. Coppenthoipe,  182,  189. Coppcrgatc,  290,  583. Corbett,  369,  567. Corbridgc,  22,  105,431.' Corby,  586. Cordukes,  367. Corfeu-bell,  569. Cork,  32,  303. Cornet,  364. Corney,  175,  313,  566. Cornwall,  108,  201,  202,  284,  367,  40z,  567,  591. Corpus  Chrifti  play,  223. - ‘College,  223. - gild,  246,  247. Corfteburn,  325. Corvaifer,  615. Cofpatrick,  348. Cotam,  1 21. Cotes,  267,  586. Cotington,  609. Cotterell,  498. Cotterhill,  3,  221. Cotterine-hills,  281. Cottefbrook,  362. Cottingham,  582,  595. Cottingwick,  586,  587,  602. Cotton,  175,  550. - library,  333,  417,  427. Cotum,  552. Couchel,  608. Coucy,  98. Coulfon,  181.. Coulton,  1 71,  382. Couper,  361. Coupland,  364,  365,  579,  621. Coupmanthorpe,  334,  361,615. Courteis,  1 1 7. Covel,  567. Coventry,  116,  150,  155,444,  527. Covent-garden,  220. Cover,  281. Coverdale,  281. Cowper,  321. Cowpland,  358. Cox,  459. Coxen,  294. Cox  wold,  37. Coyne,  272,  273.' Crachale,  605,  619. Cracroft,  523. Graggs,  294. Crakaa,  294. Crakhall,  545. Crakenthorpe,  246. Crambe,  547. Cramburn,  263,  546. Cranchoufc,  162. Cranmer,  540. Crathorn,  295,  357,  362,  380. Craven,  329,  362. Crawforth,  339,  364. Cray  ford,  361. Crayke,  361. Cremitt-money,  284. C repping,  325,  351,  393. Creflacre,  500. CrelTy,  379. Crew,  251. Creyke,  37,  356. Cripling,  3 5 1,  364. Criol,  204. Crifpus,  60. Croft,  148,  233,  365,  366,  586. ■ - bridge,  1 29. Crogelin,  586. Crome,  361. Cromwell,  134,  167,  168,  172,  174,  329,  450,461, 565. Cropton-caflle,  36. Crolier,  362. Crofs,  365,  386.’ Crosfby,  270,  334,  363. Croflum,  602,  587. Croufe-church,  297. Croves,  255. Crown,  586. Creyce,  303. Croyland,  125. Cruce, INDEX. Crucc,  615,  617,  622. Ouer,  335. Crumpton,  57. S.  Crux,  130,  221,  233,  235,  242,  297,  301,  310,  335, 378- CUBUS,  55. Cuckold’s  corner,  343. Cudda,  309. Cujacius,  16. Cumberland,  32,  71,  85,  93,  97,  131,  132,  134,  130, 155,  158,  15-9,  160,  260,289,  466,579,580,594. Cundale,  309. Cunquinrun,  586. Cupid,  62. Curcy,  92. Curia  regis,  13. Curtas,  268. Curtoift,  36Z,  553,  554. Cuitune,  586. Curwen,  297. Cufli  worth,  394. Cuftar.ce,  363. St. Cuthberr,  37,  117,  233,  235,  242,  253,  313,  314, 3'S.  S36- Cutler,  299,  300,  305,  509. Cutts,  353. Czar  Peter,  129,  232. D. D Acres,  in,  276,  351,  483. Dagenham-breach,  231,  Z32. D’aincouft,  397. Dak-yns,  270,  327. Dal  by,  448,488,  50Z,  503,  552,  586,  61 1,  6x2. Dale,  128,  222. Dalkcy,  329. Daliifon,  255. Dalfynus,  405. Dalton,  287,  318,  290,  315,  370,  512,  545,  551,  552, 587. Dam,  361 . Damaetas,  370. Danby  177,  188,  264,  265,  270,  281,  353,  354,  361, 497,  586,  589,  593,  0'J3.  613- Danebi,  621; Danes,  313,  14,  21,  23,  25,  29,  75,  76,  77,  78,  79, 80,  81,  87,  89,  179,  265,  409,  412,  412,  414, 473,  489,  57s- Dangel,  363. Daniel,  102,  314,  552.] Danny,  357. Danthorp,  606. Danum,  19, Danyel,  355,  385,393,  396. Darby,  363. Dar.-y,  127,  ZZI,  259,  300,  337,  342,  352,  353,  451. D'archis,  602. D’arcll,  303,  335,  591,  608. Daren t,  33. Darington,  361,  546. Darlington,  105,  129,  308. Dailey,  291,  314,  354. Dartfoid,  33. Dauby,  318,  362,  363. Davcring,  303. D.md,  2,  91,  93,  370,  580. S.  David’s,  434,  454.; Daundy,  341. Davy,  360,  367. Davygate,  324. - - Lardiner,  324. Davyhall,  161,  221,  324,  326,  367. Dawes,  240,  280,  383,  393,  469. Da wuey,  353,  354. Daivfon,  121,  222,  265,  272,  308,  363,  364,  365, 366,  367,  397,  5or. Day.  27i,  29',  5'2. E.  Deeping,  39. Deighton,  270,  577. D’eigncourt,  564,  '585,  586,  588,  589,  590. Deira,  33.  69,  71,  72,  76,  544. Deiri,  401. Dtirwcnt,  33, Dekcft,  604. Delamare,  498. Delcovitia,  2 1,  29,  30,  31,  32. Delphi,  45. Delltok,  362. Demlo,  270. Denby,  464. Denham,  1 10,  175. Denmark,  5,  76,  8t,  87,90,  461. Dent,  358,  434,  499,  595,  600., Denton,  367,  391. Depedale,  390,  391. Dcrawude,  40S. Derby,  3  \  300. Derby fhire,  92. Dercham,  361,  560. DERVENTIO,  20,  22,  32,  33,  36,  54,  7Z  . Derwent,  20,  22,  31,  33,  36,  54,  71,  83,  84,  199. 200,  207,  181,  335,  587,  6oz. D’efcois,  593. Deftures,  605. Deva,  22. Deveres,  122. Devereus,  593. Devil’s  arrows,  25. - quoits,  26. - caufway,  26. Devovicia,  31. Devonfhire,  no,  111,  150,  155.' Diana,  4. Dibe,  587. Diteto,  14. Dickenfon,  171,  272,  358,  365,  485. Dickfon,  380- Diddup,  169. Difford,  545. Digby,  130,  137,  156. Digel,  386. Dighton,  498,  522,  587. Dincley,  365. D’infula,  592. Dioclefian,  24,  42,  43,  400. Diodorus  Siculus,  62. Diocenes  Veregundus,  55. Dion  Caflius,  5,  9,  13,  15,  16,17,49,53. Dixon,  367. Dobbes,  566. Dobington,  362,  447. Dobfon,  364,  367. Dodgfon,  364. Dodlon,  87,  363. Dodfworth  254,  269,  270,  272,  278,  279,  286,  298, 32 7.  338,  343.  367.  452,  477.  488,  490,  492,  494, 5 1 9»  520,  571,  627. Dolbcn,  465,  466,  509,  522,  524. Donatifts,  400. Donatus,  11,  12,  63,  483. Doncafter,  11,28,29,  199,  171,231,  283,  297,  362, 452,  455,  546,  604,  611,  613. Doomfday-book,  39,85,100,216,  233,  257,  294,327, 385,  393.  397.  544.  S71- Dorant,  36 1 . Dorchefter,  409,  417. Dorfet,  150,  1  55,  449. Dove,  497. Dover,  150.  155,  423,  540. Douglafs,  102,  170. Dowanby,  497. Doway,  561. Downs,  445,  567. D’oyley,  386- Drake,  22,  230,  343. Drawfword,  363,  364- Drax,  263,  306. Drayton,  327,  53,, Drenghoufes,  21. -  hall,  398 Drengfhirefes,  263. Dreux,  315,  477. Drew,  22i,  259,  364. Dribcnd,  608. Driffield,  30,  252,  366,415,  551,  565. Dringhoufes,  189,  382,  397,  398,  550.' Dromore,  297,  386. Dronsfield,  352. Druids,  31,  309,  399. Drufus,  14. n 4 Dryden, /  N Dryden,  514. bryver,  167,  390- Dublin,  374,  436. Ducatus  Lcod.  58; Duccius,  L-  63. Duchefne,  371. Duckworth,  36 6. Duffend,  602,  604. Duffield,  289,  31 1,  360,  386,  602,  604. Dugdale,  230,  305,  306,  308,  344,  390,  477,  479, 481, 491, 57s . Duggerthoipe,  303. Dun,  199,  200,  207,  281,585. Dunbar,  332. Dunblane,  358. Duncombc,  312,  355. Dune,  607. Dunn,  231. Dunnington,  550,  551. Dungworth,  269. Dunnay,  620. Dunsford,  3-87. Dunfmore,  150,  155. Dunfley,  35,  36. Dunftan,  410. Dunum  Sinus,  35. Durant,  298,  360. Duppa,  519. Duihani,  71,  8;,  86,  89,  90,  103,  105,  I2f,  129, 130,  131,  143,  140,  292,  294,  317,  332,  360,  368, 377.  389.  433.43j.  44».  4+2.  5+f. +<6-  449.457. 4fS,  459,  461,  474,  337,  S38.  55*.  S°o,  5°2.  564. 565,  583,  S9t,  595. - Simeon  of,  78,  Si,  82,  83,  90,  409,489. DurobrivIs,  38,  39. Durosiponte,  39. Dutton,  313. Dyer,  370. Dynely,  268. Dykes,  34. Dymock,  361. S.Dyonis,  221,  233,  242,  304,  305,  306,  379. E. EAchard,  137,  137,  140,  142,  144.  *45>  *57*  1 5 8, 160,  17 1,  177,  407,  461,  462,  463. Eades,  389. Eadbert,  408,  4S9. Eadmer,  410,  414,  416. Eadulph,  Si. Eager,  282 Ealdborough,  24,  25. €albopman,  179. Eanbald,  409,  4S9. Eanfled,  405. Earle,  379. Earlfburgh,  256,  257,  258,  579. Earnfhaw,  273,  367. Earflcy-bridgc,  40,  303. Eafdall,  361 . Eafingwold,  28,  581. Eaft,  48. Eaft-morduit,  376. Eaftoft,  369. Eldon,  334.  5,-9,  564. Eaft-riding,  33. Kara,  407. Ebald,  403,  404. Ebchefter,  22,  362. Ebora,  2 . Eboranci,  3. Eboracvm,  22. Eboraicum,  2. Eboraco  de,  2 66,  284,  344,  356,  566,  618,  62O. EborSfciria,  88. Eborius,  400, 401. Ebranke,  92,  319,  489. Ebraucus,  2,  4,  92. Ebroiccnfis,  400. Ebroici,  2. Ebura,  2,  4. Eburaci,  z. Eeuracum,  281. Eburoncs,  2,  4. Eddius,  406,  472.  ‘ D  E  X. Ede,  297. Edelingthorp,  587. Edenburgh,  2,  118,  13Z,  169.  I "  5 . Edfrid,  406,  472. F.dgar,  81,  83,  90,  410. Edgar,  Ath.  86,  87,  89,  412. Edgit,  41 1. Edlir.gton,  494,  499. S.  Edmund,  77,  80,  433,  533. S.  Edmondibury,  23. Edred,  80,  81,  85,  179,409. Edward  the  elder,  78,  79. Edward  the  confeflbr,  3,  39,  82,  85,  97,  133,  2^ 411,  412,  533. Edward  I.  97,  99,  ioo,  139,  180,  129,  249,  250, '  zss,  zj7,  262,  264,  274,  283,  303,  309,  333, 3S1.  38i>  388,  389.  391.  393,  39+.  397.  420, 373.  544.  553,  563,  572,  580,  581,  599. ■  ■  II.  25,  IOO,  101,  249,  274,  282,  309,  351, 391,  392,  396,  397,  432.  563,  ;So,  581,  ; 99. —  —  III.  40,  102,  103,  I04,  IO;,  124,  182,  229, 230,  245,  248,  2-19,  Z62,  264,  265,  275,  282,  284, 303,  314,  322,  327,  349,  3 s 1 ,  385,  388,  389, 391,  392,  414,  433,  434,  487,  490,  S2S,  529, 580, 599- — - IV.  30;  in,  1 1 3,  114,  126,  18;,  274,  3S0, 388,  444,  44s,  446,  538. - - -  V.  124. -  VI.  128,  213,  214,  221,  237,  247,  248,  2 66, 273.  275,  301,  314,  4S2,  453,  477,  499,  549, 55°,  fS 2,  565. Edward,  prince,  1 1 7,  436,  581. S.  Edward,  I17,  235,237,  251,491. Edwards,  365. Edwardfton,  31. Edwin,  34,  46,  72,  179,  258,  402,  403,  404,  472, 489,  533- —  ■  ■  earl,  83,  86,  88,  89. -  archbiihop,  251. Edwy,  544. Edwyn,  254,  344,  364.  535. Egbert.  73.  75.  78.  87,  136,  370,  371,  408,  472, 489. Egburgc,  390. Egelred,  75,  81. Egerton,  300,  462. Egfrid,  37,  405,  406,  54?I. Egkefchwe,  602. Eglesfield,  616. Egremond,  125,  126,  294,  318,  612,  621. Egypt,  26,  27,  338. Egyptians,  26,  62,  66. Egyptianhall,  338. Eland,  352. Eleanor,  9,  426. Elcock,  176,  321,  366. €Ibeyiman,  183. Elderker,  276. S.  Elene,  251,  263,  317. Eleutherius,  400. Elgovae,  12. Eli,  2. Elias,  309. Elidurus,  5. Eli  Ilia,  309. Elizabeth,  queen,  129,  130,  207,  208,  2t2,  237,  246, 267,  275,285,  288,  291,313,  358,  374,  384,389, 398,  446,  453.  454.  4S6,  457,  459.  479,  438,  540, 541,  565.  578. —  - -  princefs,  24,  132,  1 33. Ella,  71,  76,  77,  78,  409. Ellay,  1 20. Ellerbeck,  327. Ellerker,  353,  354,  368. Ellis,  39,  126,  175,  355,  363,  368 Ellington,  550. Ellingthorpe,  550. Elloughton,  550. Ellys,  340,  370. Elmley,  384,  394,  395. Elmet,  542,  545. Elmerhurft,  345. Elmefwell,  587. Elretona,  335. Elftob,  402. E!Hon, INDEX. Elflon,  587. Eltabona,  39. Elwald,  340,  364. Elwick,  182,  364,  365,  366. Elweod,  358,  363. Ely,  96,  100,  137,  265,  348,  410,  411,  429,  435, 436,  458,  580. Elyas,  390. Elyngton,  390. Elyot,  318. Emden,  222. Emma,  417. Emporium,  41. England,  2,  19,  25,47,  53,  55,  56,  72,  76,  82,  83, 84.  85,  87,  91,  93,  96,  97,  99,  102,  109,  in, 112,  121,  122,  127,  132,  133,  138,  156,  1 77, 1S8,  162,  163,  171,  172,  174,  187,  200,  206, 227,  228,  233,  236,  238,  250,  354,  260,  263, 26s,  279,  283,  314,  316,  349,  37,,  376,  378, 392, 398,  401, 412, 413, 416,  421,  424,  428, 429.  439.  44°.  44s.  4S3,  4S4.  4SS.  461,  465, 47z>  4*'.  483,  485,  492,  525,  533,  53d,  538, f39>  S49.  SS°.  i64.  S7'.  58°.  581,  599. Englilhmen,  71,73,  539>  540, Engilbcrt,  370. Engolifm,  550. Ennys,  369. Eola,  68,  69. Copeppic,  3,  4. Epiacum,  22. Ercombert,  4oy. Erefwyke,  550. Eremites,  284,  374,  436. E rethorp,  507. Ergham,  352,  374,  587,  608,  617. Erghes,  270,  308. Erminc-ftrect,  26,  29. Erneham,  263. Eric,  80,  81. Erocus,  47. Erringham,  217. Ertington,  >7S.  545- Efcrick.  "j Efcrig,  i  290,  297,  301,  367,  587,  622. Eikeric,  J Efcalliers,  592. Efclavant,  5-45. Efdykc,  392. Efeby,  360,  587. Elh,  364. Efbarn,  254. E  flier,  450. Efholt,  396. Efhton,  356,  361. Efke,  305. Elingwald,  360,  362,  494. Efington,  5-46,  547. Efpec,  92. Efpecer,  359,  360. Efpicer,  360. Efteby,  263. Eflewra,  344. Effex,  158,  171,  363,  364. Eftcourt,  767. Eftois,  584. Elton,  267,  495,  497,  546. Eftoteville,  349,  350. Etholbald,  409. Ethclbert,  402. Ethelburga,  403. Erheldrida,  489. Ethelm,  489. Ethelred,  75. Ethcrington,  175,  222. Etherius,  401. Ethyne,  169. Etton,  352,  395,  396,  546,  588,  6l0,  621. Etty,  277. Eubank,  366. Eudo,  579. Eugenius,  8,  417,  580. Evcnwode,  270. Everard,  566,  580. Everingham,  353. Evers,  3 6,  129,  339,  709. Everfham,  587. Everton,  546. S.  Everilda,  489. Evora,  2. Eumenius,  46. Euphame,  270. Eura,  4. Eure,  flu.  3,  4,  21,42,  233,  281,  354; Eure,  351,  352,  353. Europe,  48,  226,  241,  287,  280,  378,  431. Eurus,  22,  281. Eurwicfchyrc,  85. Eury,  168. Eufebius,  43,  44. EuftachiUs,  368,  425. Euftane,  41 7. Euticius,  483. Eutropius,  15,  17,  42,  43. Exeter,  m,  440,  466,  559,  561,5-71. Exilby,  358. Extraneus,  351. Eymes,  496,  497. F. FAber,  366. Fabian,  1 16,  180. Fabius,  8. Faceby,  361. Fademore,  263. Faganulf,  307. Falconberg,  37,  106,  IIO,  138,  169,  201,35-2,  385, 388. Falc,  339. Falkland,  155. Fall,  504,  567. Fairfax,  56,  5-8,  60,  145,  147,  148,  149,  159,  160, 161,  162,  163,  164,  167,  168,  169,  170,  1 7 1 ,  172, 17+,  250,  269,  326,  353,  354,  355,  358,  359,367, 368,  378,  3S4,  385,  387,  388,  389,  390,  393,  394, 395.  481,  477.  S°3.  S64.  566.  i68- Fairo,  509. Fairweather,  366. Farand,  388,  389. Farley,  221,  259. - -  wood,  175. Farnham,  395-. Farome,  361. Farnlaue,  567. Farrar,  160,  341. Farriner,  361. Faucett,  365. Fauconberg,  584,  611,  622. Faukenburg,  601,  612,  615,  616. Faulkonbridge,  150,  155. Fauftina,  24. Faustinus,  io. Favour,  567. Fawcet,  358. Fawkes,  343- Fawren,  275. Feafegate,  324. Feafamb,  338. Fearne,  369,  370. Felkerk,  546.  S, Fell,  465. Fclter,  514. Fenay,  295-. Fenells,  447. Fenton,  254,  39°.  426,  474,  483,  501,  550,  571, 562,  609,  6I7. Fenwick,  296,  503. -  caftle,  503.1 Ferrers,  92,  122. Ferriby,  114,  271,  284,  295,  327,  363,  474>  499- 546,  547,  587. Ferrybridge,  33,  109,  Ho,  114,  418. Feftain,  390. Fcthyan,  272. Fetherby,  550. Fetter-lane,  270. Fiddes,  449,  450. Field,  504. Filey -biiy,  34,  35. 9  E Finch,. INDEX. linch,  363,  467,  492.  5'3»  S2I>  523»  5S9*  56?, 570. Fincle-ftreet,  324,  337. Finco  mark,  48. Fingale,  587. Finmere,  588. Finnimore,  550- Firbech,  550. Firebofe,  361. Firmicus,  415. Fifher,  291,  320. Fifhergate,  236,  308,  309,  598,  599. - bar,  262,  306. -  ■  —  poftern,  262,  249,  287,  302, Fifh-fliamblcs,  304. Fifh-garths,  200. Fifmake,  54 j. Fitling,  617. Fitz  Alain,  351,  391,  605. Fitz  Aldred,  589. Fitz  Alex.  618. Fitz  Archill,  585,  605. Fitz  Baldric,  588,  589,  591. Fitz  Bernard,  606. Fitz  Bernulf,  583. Fitz  Clement,  612. Fitz  Conan,  202. Fitz  Corby,  592. Fitz  Cuftance,  620- Fitz  Eldred,  591,  594. Fitz  Engelram,  263. Fitz  Ernife,  248. Fitz  Fin,  583. Fitz  Galfrid,  351,  589,  591,  616,  621. Fitz  Gerald,  589. Fitz  Gerard,  583. Fitz  Gilbtrt,  589,  593- Fitz  Giles,  588. Fitz  Gofpatrick, Fitz  Halkyl,  611. Fitz  Henry,  603,  618. Fitz  Herbert,  351,  49s,  568. Fitz  Hermer,  619. Fitz  Hugh,  in,  1 12,  483,  583,  589. Fitz  Ingrid,  605. Fitz  John,  332,  588,  620. Fitz  Jordan,  620. Fitz  Lambert,  608,  617. Fitz  Landric,  389. Fitz  Ligoli',  593. Fitz  Martin,  334,  608. Fitz  Matild,  607. Fitz  Michael,  202. Fitz  Nigel,  247. Fitz  Peter,  264,  3s  1,  623. Fitz  Pigot,  602. Fitz  Ralph,  264,  303,  396,  392,  614. Fitz  Renfrid,  331. Fitz  Ribald,  602. Fitz  Richard,  323,  349,  330,  336,  38s,  383,  588, 589. Fitz  Roald,  609. Fitz  Robert,  590,  620. Fitz  Roger,  623. Fitz  Savaric,  602,  604. Fitz  Simon,  621. Fitz  Swain,  5  84,  386,  387. Fitz  Thomas,  202,  393,  583,  591. Fitz  Ulph,  590. FitzUrfe,  368. Fitz  Waldeve,  583,  588,  390. Fitz  Walter,  109,  585,  586,  588. Firz  William,  201,  353,  605,  610,  616,  619. Flambard,  537. Flamvilte,  586. Flanders.  17,  82,  99,  128,  130,  182,  226, Flaunville,  611,  612. Flawith,  550. Flaxton,  350,  58S. Flay,  42f. Fleet-prifon,  563. Flcet-ftreet,  532,  565. Fleetwood,  174  471. Fuming,  iot,  239,  303,  337,  360,  446,  609; Flemming,  581. Fletham,  588,  590. Fleta,  197. Flixborough,  39. Flodenfield,  127. Floriack,  410,  411. Florence  of  Worceft.  408. Flos,  264. Flotmanby,  35. Flouer,  371,  372,  312,  583. Flowre,  359, Flur,  613. Fodewith,  338. Foedera  Ang.  262,  442,  483,  342. Folcard,  407. Folifait,  392. Folkerthorpe,  232,  317. Footlefs-lane,  337. Forby flier,  369. Forcer,  342. Forcatulus,  16. Fordun,  10. Forlton,  272. Forne,  503. Fornefan,  589,  592. Forfete,  587,  390. Forfter,  173,  252,  387,  396. Forton,  285. Forther,  72. Fortunatus,  483. Forum,  18,  44. Fofs,  39,  40,  57,  133,  188,  220,  221,  226,  ,249,  233, 281,  286,288,  302,  303,  309,310,312,382,  597. Fofs- bridge,  302,  304,  309,  325. Fofs-gate,  301,  302,  309,  332. Fofs-dike,  39,  41,  303. Fofs-ifland,  40. Foflard,  92,  247,  297,  303,  583,  583,  586,  587,  588, 5*9,  593-  ,  ,,  , Fofter,  252,  363,  366,  367,  369. Fofton,  344,  588,  593. Fothergill,  217,  312,  339,  349,  3J0,  3^7.  379»  380, 483. Fotheringhay,  349,  35°* Foubehuiles,  618. Foukes,  360,  361. Foukirk,  100. Foul  ford,  83,  in,  249,  597,  398,  599. Fountains -abbey,  127,  180,  249,  2  92,  373,  374,393, 560,  562,  41 7. Fourbour,  280. Four-mile-hill,  21. Fournefs,  539. Fourneli,  513. Fowes,  364. Fowler,  275. Fox,  129,  303,  327,  336,  360,  361,  373,  571,  600. Foxfleet,  281,  750. Foxgale,  327. Foxholes,  588. Foxgill,  364. France,  3,  20,  77,  97,  98,  105,  112,  121,  122,  183, 226,  263,  314,  316,  370,  371,407,406,409,413, 426,  436,  438,  440,  527. St.  Francis,  282. Frankes,  361. Franklayne,  248. Frankland,  328. Fraunceis,  589. Freboys,  621. Frees,  377. Freman,  27 1 . Frerelane,  262. Frewen,  463,  464,  71 2. Friboys,  608. Fridftolc,  548. Friezland,  406. Frizle,  167. Froifart,  102,  104,  243,  282. Froft,  182,272,  31 1,  362. Frotter,  566. Fryars  minors  282,  283. • - preachers,  236,  274. - walls,  283. Frydaythorpe,  34,  254,  41 1,  S 44,  550,  788,  591, 610. Fryfton, INDEX. Fryfton,  275,  297,  3G0. Fryton,  550. Fryth,  71. Fuggct,  306. Fulchard,  413. Ful ford,  550,  581,  582,  587, Fulgenius,  9,  lo. Filgentius,  482. Fulham,  426,  444. Fulk,  384. Fulkwarethorpe,  588. Fuller,  240,  370,  374,  375,  376,  461; Furneis,  584. Furnells,  335- Furnefs,  397- Furnihurlt,  376. Fynche,  120. Fyfche,  360. Fysftic,  361. G. Gabrantvicorum  sinus,  34. Gad,  2. Gaile,  364,  366. Gainfborough,  39,  385,  489. Gainford,  588. Gaitehill,  335. Galba,  62. Gale,  21,  23,  23,  26,  27,  31,  34,  37,  38,  49,  j-0,  33, 56,  61,  62,  63,  65,  89,  257.  3z6>  37 1 »  4°6»  47°. 4S1,  482,  486,  514,  SIS.  527.  559.  S6S>  S72- Galeby,  607. Galerius,  43. Galfrid,  351. S.  Gall,  370. Gallia,  400. -  Ccltica,  2.  e -  Belgica,  2. Ga'lius,  42. Galliarum  praef.  59. Galmon,  579,  582. Galmanho,  257. Galmanlith,  257,  258,  583. Galmhawlith,  256. Galtres  foreft,  3,  25,  37,  40,  107,  166,  241,  253, 255,  258,  292,  326,  598. Gamelrode,  3.854 Gamefthorpe,  588. Gant,  92,  558,  560. Garden,  604. Gardiner,  453. Gare,  199,  262,  295,  357. Garforth,  273. Gargrave,  35-4,  356,  357,  368,  369. Garland,  506. Garnet,  285,  364. Gar  wick,  39. Gafcoign,  244,  272,  297,  353,  362,  3^3,  438,  519, 567. Gafcoigny,  55. Cafton,  591. Gates,  369. Gatefhed,  362. Eares-hevet,  6r. Gator  eft,  614. Gauden,  379. Gaufrid,  580,  605. Gaugy,  602,  604,  619. Gaukethorpe,  608. Gaul,  2,  47,  48,  67. Gaulogifts,  2. Cauls,  2,  341 Gaunt,  87,  321,  350,  357,  418. Gaures,  589. Gaurges,  592. Gave,  357. Gaveilon,  100. Gayle,  303,  357,  497- Gaynestord,  622,  623. Gaytefthorp,  335. Gee,  337,  370,  508,  509. Geldart,  171,  291,  364,  366,  367,  391. Gelds,  216. Geneva,  461. Genioloci  feliciter,  58. Geoffy,  248. S.  George’s  church,  235,  306,  307.* • — - —  chapel,  235,  249. ■  -  gild.  249.  329- ■  -  houfe,  216- -  banner,  117. - -  feftival,  125,  144, George  I.  577. Gerard,  313,  415,  489,  542. Gereford,  264,  588,  620. Geres,  204. German,  584. Germania,  41,  90. German  ocean,  zg,  37,  83,  250. Germany,  14,  41,  49,  50,  68,  69, "go,  173,  183,  401, 413.  561. Gernum,  618. Gerreftan,  614. Gerthfton,  620,  621. Gerua,  578. Gervafius  Cant.  404. Geta,  9,  16,  17,  28,  60,  61. Gevedale,  287. Gibaud,  204. Gibbons,  270,  272. Gibfon,  28,  266,  33.7,  354,  358,  365,  369,  379, 497.  5°4.  566- Giffard,  248,  383,  430,  490. Gilbert,  317,  539,  559,  564,  566,  568,  58,8*. Gild  of  merchants,  204. - S.  Martins,  315. Gilds  and  comp.  223,  224. Gild-hall,  120,  123,  329. Gildas,  49,  67,  70,  400,  402. S.  Giles,  235,  137,  255,  256. Giles,  64,  252. Si!).  341, 355. 363, 367- Gilla  Aldan,  538. Gillbank,  364. Gilldenwells,  550. Gillour,  364. Gillow,  497. Gilling,  384,  386,  394,  395,  583,.  588,  6ro.- - - caft,e>  394.  395 Gilljngs,  584,  ^94. Gilliot,  3 1 1 . Gillygate,  25;,  256,  597. Gilmanby,  588. Gilmin,  358. Gilpin,  377. Giraldus,  424. Girlington,  221,  357,  362,  500. Girdler,  329. Girdlergate,  322. Girvii,  39. Gifborough,  94,  704,  566. Gifburn,  19,^44,  346,  356. Gifo,  412. Gifors,  417. Givendale,  288. Givingdale,  550,  551. Glanville,  351,  605. Glafcow,  537,  538. Glafyn,  363. Gleadftone,  366. Glemham,  159,  160,  161,  163,  J 69,  170. Glen,  39. Glocefter,  3 14,  350. Glouccfter,  9,  99,  109,  114,  1 1 5,  122,  123,272,  275, 3°3>  37S»  412,  4*7.  463»  464>  545.  *79.  623. • - -  fhire,  452. Gloverlane,  262. G  lough  ton,  545. Gobfon,  439. Godburne,  361. Godard,  352,  584,  585. Godeftowe,  248. Godfrey,  78,  79,  180. Godfrid,  594. Godmanchefter,  39. Godmondham,  22,  31,  404,  550. Godram,  78. Godfon,  3 6;,  906, Godwin,  583. Gofford,  588. Gogmagog’ I  N  D  E  X. Gogiiiagog-liills,  19. Goldbeter,  356,  361. Goldcfburgh,  396. Golding,  361. Goldman,  555. Goldran,  390. Goldfmiths-hall,  376,  462. Goldthorp,  357,  364,  500,  550. Gole,  281. Golgotha,  42$. Goltzius,  61. Gonwer, Goodall,  362. Goodram-gate,  312,  316,  317* Goodrich,  58,  59,  265,  354,  3$S- Goodmundham,  249,  544. Goodwin,  82,  348,  374,  400,  407,  4°^»  4,0»  4'5» 416,  417,  4,9,  428,  429,  430,  431,  432,  435, 436,  444.  448,  452.  S67.  595- Goodyear,  364- Goole,  231. Gordon,  346. Goring,  167. Gofcelinc,  585,  589,  590,  593. Gofeford,  612. Gofpatric,  86,  87,  90,  327,  585. Goth,  559,  563. Goths,  14. Gothcland,  247,  292. Gotheramgate,  344,  572. Gotherymgate,  1 14. Gould,  285. Gouldlborough,  303. Gower,  354,  355,  360. Gowle,  566. Goyfclanc,  254,  255. Graa,  356,  357. Grace,  361. Grafton,  116,  277,  279,  360,  550. Graham,  355. Graine,  264. Giamarye,  397. - - -hall,  312. Grancby,  588. Grantbridgc,  356. Grantchefter,  39. Grantham,  317,  344,  360,  361. Grapelanc,  346,  347,  445. Grafcy,  583. Grave,  180,  498, Graves,  57,  212,  357. Graunt,  183,  297,  359,  583,  619. Gray,  155,  276,  285,  286,  352,  363. Grayfon,  327. Grays-inn,  389,  444. Graynger,  285,  291. Graynnepork,  608.  * Greaves,  364,  365. Great  Britain,  87,  350. Greathead,  61. Greece,  55,  539. Greeks,  26,  62,  63,  65,  488. Grecians,  28. Greenbank,  120,  3 63  - Greenbury,  162,  364,  365. Grecndikcs,  251. Greenfield,  490,  498. Greenwood,  367,  505. Gregg,  364, s.  Gregory,  72,  235,  237,  271,  272,  441. Gregory,  401,  402,  403,  414,  418,  482,  535,  536. Grendal),  266,  550. Grenefcld,  250,  431,  432,  497. Grenewode,  290. Grenn,  265. Grefham,  353. Cretland,  58. Grey,  108,  ill,  254,  255,  280,  304,  366,  383,391, 397.  398'  42>.  426.  427.  42*.  454.  473.  475. 476.  477.  49°.  52*.  559.  563.  564>  S72.  6°S- Grey-fryars,  236. Griffith,  3;;,  354,  369. Griglingllon,  609. Grimbald-cragg,  373. Grimfby,  283. Grimftone,  132,  133,247,  250,  251,  335,  354,369, 550,  588,  606,  614,  622. Grindal,  436,  454,  522. Grinfhawe,  267. Grifdale,  364. Groceline,  583. Gromfley,  360. Grofe,  434. Grofmont,  4  24. Grofs,  349 Grofthed,  428. Gruter,  56,  57,  488. Grymefton,  305,,  390,  585,  589. Grymfhaw,  267. Gryngton,  545. Gryfchwait,  545. Guas,  351. Guerrier,  325. Guihomar,  602. Guildhalda,  1 97. Guild-hall,  160,  185. Guilford,  446. Guilthdacus,  5. Guifnes,  445. Guifeley,  565. Gurmond,  316. Guftavus,  1 73. Guthrum,  13,  316. Guthrum  gate,  78,  316. Guyde-law,  3. S.  Gyles,  372. Gyles,  330. Gylliot,  120,  126,  187,295,  363. Gyry,  361. Gyfcburn,  3:1,  361. H. HAbberdalher’s-hall,  3°9- Habbington,  109. Hackford,  267,  551. Hackthorp,  32,  284. Hadrian,  8,  9,  39,  49: Hadrian’s  wall,  9,  10,42.’ Haerton,  29 1 . Hagenby,  397. Haget,  295,  390,  393,  396,  397,  622. Ha8ge.  303' Hagget,  32;,  568. Hagulftad,  407,  408. Hagundeby,  389. Hainault,  102,  104. Hainaulters,  102,  103. Haindeby,  606. Hakeford,  619. Haland,  254. Haldenby,  501,  589. Hale,  351,  609,  612. Hales,  108,  369,  370. Haleim,  335. Halewell,  1  23,  1 24. Halgart,  545. Halidays,  383. Halidon,  545- Hall,  1 13,  1 14,  1 1 6,  1 1 7,  200,  201,  278,  280,  305, 357. 363. 365- Hallgarth,  542. Hallifax,  65,  161. Hall-mote,  199. Halom,  440. Hallaline,  92 Halton,  325,  505. Halwell,  386. Halydin,  546. Hamborough,  169. Hambleton-hills,  37. Hamelais,  390. Hamelton,  550,  559,  563. Hamerton,  266,  285,  291,  325,  602,  608,  615,619, 620,  621. -  ■  ■  bridge,  398. Hamilton,  127,  138,  150,  142,  162. Hamis,  1 1 1 . Hamlake,  390,  589. Hammcrton, ! INDEX. Hammcrton,  275,  304. ■ - — ■  lane,  262. Hammond,  164. Hamo,  323,  424,  558,  559,  560,  562,  56 6,  56S. Hampden,  600. Hampole,  263,  452. Hanan,  602. Hancock,  291,  363. Hanlakenby,  202. Hanfard,  361. Hanfon,  1 09. Hanfworth,  350,  589. Harclay,  101. Harcourt,  210. Hardiknute,  41 1. Harding,  91,  344. Hardraw,  281. Hardfang,  120,  363. Hardwick,  19,  504. Hare  wood,  497. Haringworth,  433. Harley,  627. Harlot-h'll,  254. Harncihaw,  589. Harold,  33,  81,  82,  83,  84,  87,  90,  348,  412. - Harfager,  33,  82,  83. Harome,  361. Harper,  285,  363,  364. Harpham,  407,  456,  589,  594. Harpsficld,  371. Harrald,  584,  588. Harrays,  616. Harrington,  289,  329,  352,  353,  364,  392,  449, +54.  455.  +S8.  +97.  559.  564- Harmon,  23,  32,  91,  212,  221,  Z22,  251,  254,  269, 281,  291,  300,  341,  355,  364,  365,  396,  400. Harrow,  109. Harfnet,  277,  461. Hart,  222. Harte,  272,  302. Hartford,  150,  155,  365,  447,  619. Harthal),  377. Hartlefliolm,  235. Hartington,  303. Hartlington,  201. Harton,  5  89. Harvey,  260,  353. Harwarth-milne,  336. Harwood,  296,  363,  478,  567. Haryll,  in. Hafcham,  288* Halle,  362. Hafletine,  329. Haftings,  84,  106,  120,  352,  333,  369,  394. Hafthorpe,  202. Hatchet,  563. Hatchington,  361. Hathelfey,  311. Hatfield,  105,  272,  404,  490, Haton,  303. Hatten,  504,  340. Hattergate,  262. Haverbek,  589. Haverlane,  312. Havcryngton,  616. Haughton,  367. Haugulftald,  541. Hauke,  357. Haukefwcll,  361. Haunby,  362. Hauward,  581. Haw-houfe,  281. Ha  wife,  360,  385. Hawk,  1 21. Hawkefwell,  589. Hawkfworth,  252,  355. Hawley,  221,  300,  364. Hawton,  356. Haxby,  307,  501,  550, Haxcy,  483,  546,  547,  368. Haxup,  338. Hay,  120,  121.  123,  273. Hayle,  297. Haynes,  3Z7. Hay  ton,  270,  478,  530. Haytefield,  593,  606. Headen,  350. Hearne,  104,  257,  444. Heath,  453. Heather,  366. Heavenfield,  72. Heayes,  328. Hcbberftow-fields,  22. Heckleton,  364. Hedfor,  2. Heddon,  297. Hcdingham,  290. Hedley,  263,  386. Hedrington,  267. Heina,  21. Helagh,  21,  382,  389,  390. - -  park,  266,  290,  297, Heleccftre,  21. Helen,  21. Helena,  42,  46. S.  Helen,  47. S.  Helensford,  19,  21,  26,  54,  394. S.  Helen’s-well,  21. S.  Helen’s-church,  44,  235,  237,  242,  230,  314,316, 343.  344.  345- Heliogabulus,  26. Hellebek,  590. Hellerbec,  608. Hellingham,  589. Helme,  272. Helmefley,  34,  361,  362,  363,  330,  389. — * - -cattle,  1 71. Helperby,  232,  383,  501,  551. Helpthorpe,  551. Helvetia,  7. Helvoet-fluice,  162. Hemingburgh,  39,  329. Hemingford,  94,  95,  96. Hemfworth,  171,  214,  300,  365,  366,  432,41:?. Henchman,  379. Henes,  580,  5559. Hengift,  68,  71. Henhale,  618. Henningham,  356. Henry  I.  39,  202,  204,  247,  307,  332,  331,  41;,' 416,  417,  536,  53S,  S42,  547,  S79,  587,  589, 593.  594.  606,  627. — —  II.  93,  202,  228,  254,  274,  286,  333,  349, 351,  422,  s39,  541,  547,  580,  599. — - III.  97,  98,  99,  180,  204,  205,  228,  283, 286,  317,  325,  335,  350,  394,  397,  426,  428, 473  .  4  7  7.  538,  549.  554.  555.  556.  5S8.  57.. 580,  599,  604,  627. - IV.  30,  106,  107,  108,  III,  303,  304,350, 397.  +38,  439.  55..  580,  599. - V.  108,  109,  234,  258,  263,  288,  343,  349;, 533.  58°- ■  - VI-  io9.  111,112,  1 13,  114,  185,  187,  200, 301,  302,  303,  306,  316,  329,  330,  331,  349,  353, 381,  382,445,  533,  580,  599. — 1 — —  VH-  122,  123,  124,  125,  127,  266,  306,  350, 382,  388,  389,396,438,449,  580,  599. ■  -  VIII.  127,  128,  129,  184,  1S5,  186,  189,  200, 201,  207,  220,  222,  229,  236,  237,  248,  264,  267, 279.  2*4.  297,  310,  336,  350,  353,  368,  382,  426, 449.  45°.  453.477.  +79.  +s3.  5‘9,  524,  538,  539, 540,  54,,  544,  545,  ;46,  558,  565,  569,  580,  594, Henry,  prince,  132,  134. Henlingh,  609. Hepbourn,  1 70. Heptarchy,  71,  73,  74,  75,  228,  233,  347,  402, 544- Herbert,  127,  130,  141,  176,  221,  222,  298,  299, 300,  302,  365,  366,  377,  378,  4,7,  450,  562. $78. Herbery,  495. Hercules,  16. Heredia y,  474. Hereford,  99,  10 1,  412,  415. Herennius,  483. Herle,  285. Hcrlington,  267, Hermae,  26. Hermen-ftreet,  38,  39,  42. Hernabv,  620. F9 6 Herodian, INDEX. Herodian,  5,  10,  16,  17,  31,  43>  63, Herodotus,  26. Hcroyd,  300 Herte,  327,  500,  566. Hertford,  365, - (hire,  445. Hervey,  536,  588,  591. Hcryng,  320. Heryz,,  290. Hefketh,  249,  251,  252,  253,  369. Heflefey,  263. Hefelingfield,  589. Heflington,  249,  25T,  551,  566,  579,  589,  598. Heflay,  308,  356,  360,  362,  382,  391,  397,  589, 602. -  moor,  398. Heflel,  361,  589. Heflelford-ferry,  446. Hcton,  313,  334.,  344,  356,  39a. Jjever,  61. Hevingthorp,  589. Hewitt,  366,  367,601. Hewick,  202,  362,  396,  551. -  bridge,  281. Hewley,  222,  233,  274,  312,  558,  362,  366. Hewom,  362. Heworth,  312,  315,  335,552,  622. - -  moor,  154,  162. Hexham,  92,  105,  112,  407,  416,  417,  545. -  {hire,  541. Hexgrave,  546. Heylin,  236,  284,  401,  477. Hey  ton,  111. Hibernia,  41. Hickelton,  297. Hicks,  242,  282,317. Hickfon,  275,  317. Hide,  173. Higden,  33,  496.  559,  559. Hikeling,  589. Hilarius,  482. S.  Hilda,  372,  390,  407. Hildeflcy,  354. Hildyard,  128,247,  354*  357*  368,  369,  599. Irjill,  in,  270,  607,  613,  621. Hillary,  344. Hindcilkelfe,  546,  547. Hingefton,  252- Hinguar,  76,  77,  78. Hippefwcll,  589,  609,  618. Hircus,  81. Hitch,  559,  56$. Hob-moor,  133,  375,  398. Hot?y..335.  369- Hocknam,  360. Hockcr,  379. Hoiflon,  323,  602. Hodgdkin,  540. Hodgfon,  1 1 4,  134,  222,345,  364,  365,  366,  567. Hodfon,  288,  370,  508. Hogard,  397. Hogellan,  357. Hoggc,  364. Holbcck,  185,  229,  263,  362,  368,  385. Holdenby,  378. Hoiderncfs,  71,  76,  1x3,  559,  563. Holdern,  it 2. Holdfworth,  464. Holgatc,  15,357.363.  38*.  398.  452.  453.  477*  55*. 566,  568,  57O. Holgill,  566 Holkore,  356. Holland,  105,  108,  111,306,  459,  460. Hollanders,  487. Hollar,  486. Hollis,  168  260. Hollinglhead,  105, 128,  129. Holme,  202,  285,  305,  317,  357,  361,  364,  41 1, 500. Honrer,  3  70. Holtham,  317. Holtby,  202,  248,  359,  587,  620,  621. Holthorpe,  336 Holy-iiland,  37,  408. -  land,  96,  423. Holy-crofs,  3  74. * - priefts,  312. Honorius,  404.  535,  569. Hooke,  281,  567. Hocpe,  497. Hopton,  160. Horace,  62. Horbiry,  445. Horby,  252. Horn,  no. Horn-pot-lane,  323- Horner,  1 7 1 ,  364,  366,  534. Horneby,  61,  327,  335.  336,  344,  361,  362,  505L 551*  552>  589,  603,  607,  613. Hornington,  389. Hornfey,  593,  606. ■■■  mere,  592. Horfecourfe,  398. Horfefair,  133,235,  255,  256,  588,  589. Horfefield,  328,  366. Horl'enden,  351 Horfey,  589  608. - - bridge,  39. Horlley,  18.  19,  20,  22,  23,  30,  3 1,  33,  35,  36,  50, S'-  53.  55.  58.  S9.  33°- Horwayte,  609. Hofrer-lane,  301. Hotham,  104.  144,  145,  146,  147,  151,  155,  156, 157,  160,  161.  162,  321,  353,  354,  367,  577. Hoton,  395.  478,  546,  588. «  tub  Hegh,  588. ■  croft,  588 - m  Bilaham,  263. - Wanfley,  393. Hottentots,  178. Hoveden,  39,  73,  77,  85,  87,  88,  90,  91,  199,  253, 257*  265,  356,  409,  41 5,  425,  419,  421,  423,424, 595  , Hovechel,  588. Houghton,  447- Hovingham,  361,  582,  587. Houkes.  351 Houkefwe.l,  613,  614. Houfum,  360. Houthwayt,  621. Howe,  131,  335,  362,  499. Howald,  589. Howam,  357. Howard,  145,  155,  208,  329,  368,  503,  504. Howden,  361,  362 Howme,  303,  318,  361,  363. Howngate,  2 1 7. Howfam,  354. Hoyle,  171,  172,  231,  272,  357,  35S,  365,  366, 534- Hubba,  76,  77,  78. Hubert,  536. Huby,  614. Hue,  609. Huckelby,  623. Huckilcote,  545. Huddleftone,  166,  369. Huddefwcll,  588,618,  621,  627. Hudibrafs,  462. Huet,  478,  500. Hudfon,  252,  275. Hudlefs,  365. Hugate,  591 . Hugeth,  589. Hugh,  421,  537. Hughes,  305. Hugo,  350,  558,  560,  605. Hutdelvel’dale,  589. Hulebram,  335. Hull,  55,  56,  112,  128,  139,  144,  156,  157,  158,  160, 176,  230,  250,  540,  541. Humai,  588. Humbcc,  164,  170. Humber,  2,  29,  30,  39,  71,  76,  77,  78,  83,  85,  87, 88,  128,  200.  229,  232,  230,  250. '281,  371,391, 404, 408, 537, 539. - mouth,  71. ■  -  ftreet,  32. Humbere,  90. Kumbcrton,  551. Hume, INDEX. Hume,  131,  131. Humphry,  594, Hundefmayneby,  335. Hungate,  in,  302,  309,  310,312,314. Hungary,  41  2. Hunkelby,  588. Hunlup,  272. Hunfdale,  500. Hunfdon,  129,  130. Hunter,  291,  294. Huntington,  27,  40,  83,  89,  215,  335,  369,  588. - - -  ftire,  39,  93>  97- Huntun,  614. Hurlclton,  512 Hurry,  167,  168. Hufa,  fluv.  90. Hu/burn,  263. Hufclbeck,  344. Hulley,  271,  368. Huffier,  355. Huftwaitc,  550. Hutchcnfon,  222,  305,  317,  320,  364,  363*,  366, 367. Hutton,  134,  z66,  309,  334.  358,  363,  367,  368, 369.  37o»397.  4f7>  458>  459.  46'.  509.  J59.  S6s» 577- - - Wanfley,  382. Huvington,  609. Hybcrnia,  90. Hyeronimus,  482. HyJl,  329. Hylton,  352, Hypogaeum,  64. I. Jackfon,  272,  286,  291,  297,  300,  320,  364,  365, 367. S.  James’s  chap.  21;,  235,  245,  246,  263. James  I.  130,  131,  132,  133,  134,  230,  285-,  289, 29».  297.  376.  377.  382.  389.  39?.  453.  469. 462. - - IT.  176,  1 77,  209,  210,  275,  28/,  466. - III.  5  39- - -  IV.  !  26,  I27. • - VI.  127. * ■-  duke,  350. Jamefon,  321,  363. Janarius,  64- Janitor,  602,  604,  605,  608. Janus,  1 1 . Jaques,  171,  233,  300,  360,  366. Jayrum,  360. Icon,  360. Ichon,  356. Ickham,  357. Icklcy,  26. Ida,  7  1 . Idle,  2)9,  267. Jcdburg,  23. Jeffreys,  176,  522. Jeft'erfon,  367. Jenkins,  144,  176,  JS4,  3S8.  359,  367,  512,  571. Jennings,  300,  33-5. Jernwic,  335. S.  Jerome,  43. Jcrufalem,  333,  402,  412,  527. Jervaulx,  127,  281. Jcfus-collegc,  377,  446. Jews,  94,  95,  96,  228,  zy4,  265,  277,  322. — —  wall,  57. Jewbury,  253,  254. Ignatius,  17. Iknilftrect,  39. Illyria,  48. llton,  551. Ilyklap,  266. Imyn,  233. Ince,  363. Indies  E.  378. Inglcby,  3S4,  393. Ingle  moor,  248. • - marlh - Ingram,  147,  258.  303.  354.  3£7.  367.  37®,  516, 5  *7*  Sa4- Ingulphus,  481. Innocent,  pope,  371,  434.  474.  485.  537.  538,  558, 5<5  2. Infula,  35  r,  558,  562. Intaglios,  61. Joan,  97,  108. Joceline,  473. Joccus,  94,  9 y,  96,  228. Jocfon,  313. Jocvenc,  6io. S.  John  of  Adelc,  263. -  of  Beverley,  90,  109,  233,  407,  408,  41J, 413.  423.  580. S.  John’s  Oufebridgc,  233,  243,  250,  277,327. - Hungate,  233,  237,  312,  327. - del  Pyke,  235,  237,  317,  570. ■ -  green,  312. —  - -  monaft,  417. ~  hofpit  235. -  gild,  316. - -  n-»  ■5/3’  '  <tu“>  4-uy> John  XXIII.  pope,  38^,  550. John,  king,  97,  180,  202,  203,  204,  220,  228,  327, 333.  3  51.  373.  381,  383,  384.389,392.402,424, 42<.  482,  547,  588,  623. Johnfon,  252,  266,  267,  270,  291,  339,  363,  386, 397.  424,  427,  435- Johnfton,  32,  71. Jones,  60. Joubretgate,  322. Joyc,  275. Ipfwich,  449,  540. Irby,  607. Ireland,  2,  78,  80,  100,  125,  145,  22S,  330,  304 T  f44J’  S22'  5<J5’  S79>  599- Irford,  386. Irlonde,  1  22. Irmunrull,  26. Irwin,  175,  240,  303. Ifaacfon,  to. I label,  queen,  103,  269. Isis,  fl. 3,  22,  281 . —  Aegiptia,  62. I  Hands,  537,  539. Klip,  434, Ifrael,  2. Isurium,  3,  4,  ia,  19,  22,27,42,281. *  - -  Bricantum,  22,  24,  28. Isuro v  1  cum ,  4,  281. Ifurewic,  3. Italy,  2,  18,  22,  48,  58,  66,  370,  401,  406,  435, 44°. Italians,  61,  428. Itinerary,  19. Jubb,  572. Jubbergatc,  292,  322. Judea,  2,  4.9. Judith,  89. Juletide,  70,  71. Julia  domna,  iy,  16,  17,  24. S.  Julian,  185. Julian,  2,  449. Julius  Caelar,  70,  71. Jupiter,  56. - - Ammon,  29. *  - Lapis,  26. Juftice,  297,  367,  393. Julius,  402,  403. Juvenal,  181. Won,  3;s,  393. Ivetthorpe,  394. K. KAer-Ebrauc,  2,  4. Kai,  497. Kairliph,  537. Kalveton,  33J. Kammerling,  183. Kar,  323,  357. Karl,  582. Karlcon,  616. Karl  ton.  617 S.  Katherine’s  hofp.  132. Katherton,  335,  390. 4 Kawodc, INDEX. Kawode,  247. Kawthornc,  335 ■ Kay,  365. Kaye,  358,  359- Kayingham,  546,  547- Kekelthorpe,  344. Kclfield,  232,  361,  ^89* Kclflcet,  281. Keldfterne,  356,  361. Kelk-bar,  20. Kellaw,  294. Kellet,  499, Kcmpc,  319,  386,  436,  440,  441,  442,  443,  444, 48.,  540. Kenelaga,  545-. Kendale,  116,  259,  336,  390,  627. Kenilworth,  603. Kennet,  258. Kent,  363,  401,403,  404,  442,  519,  605. Kenulph,  23. Kcnynfdyke,  256. Kepwick,  500,  J4y. Kernctby,  284. Kerenby,  335,  336. Kertelington,  335. Kencgatc,  262. Keftern,  127. Keflau,  603. Ketilburg,  334. Ket-mangergate,  3  fci- Kevct,  326, Kexby,  34,  393.438,44°)  499)  5^6.  567. Kikelot,  383. Kilburne,  431,  546. ICildale,  390. Kilkenny,  204. Killefby,  433. Killingholm,  276,  392. Killingbeck,  339. Killam,  415,  358,  56 z\ Kilvington,  36 6. Kime,  619,  622. Kimeton,  429,  490, King,  170. Kingfclerc,  431. Klngfkiln,  432. Kingfgate,  39. Kingeftoftes,  274. Kingfton,  244,  270,  336,  360,361,  546. Kinfius,  41 1,  338. Kippax,  320,  396. Kirke,  362,  363,  364. Kirkby,  351,  362,  396,  495,496)  546-  S89- -  Irelith,  551,  532. - Kendale,  589. •  - Londfdale,  589,  627. -  Mallart,  351. - Mifperton,  589,  607. - Stephen,  582,  589,  6 27. •  - Undeldale,  582. - Wharfe,  551. Kirkham,  307,  317,  3$7»  36*- Kirkehale,  333. Kirklane,  266. Kirkton,  320,  353. Kirk-Levington,  y46- Kirklington,  397. Kirton,  325,  609. Kitchin,  358. Kitchinman,  366. Knapton,  336,  361,  382,  39 7,  483,  505,  346,  547, 589,  619. Knareiborough,  19,  23,  26,  28,  166,  20I,  37!,  372, 387.  396.  397- Knavefmire,  130,  241,  398. Kneton,  590,  620. Knight,  570. Knighton,  90,  93,  101.  102,  103,  431,  433-,  436. Knottingly,  199. Knout,  90. Knowles,  363. Knowlton, Knute,  41 1,  434,  545. Kumpron,  336. Kylpin,  290. Kyma,  606. Kyrat,  in,  351,  389.  397.  S84.  603. Kymondfal,  589. Kynatton,  546. Kynfman,  305. Kyrkham,  251,  359,  362. Kyrkton,  351. Kyrkeby,  329,  356,  612,  614,  622. - Alkric,  334- ■ - Ufeburn,  362. L. L’abbe,  50. Laceles,  603,  619. Lacy,  92,  248,  351,  j-88,  392. Laftantius,  483. Laet,  378. Laghton,  567. Laibrun,  620. Lakenham,  248. Lakyn,  277,  386. Lambe,  298,  363, Lambeth,  571. Lambert,  107,  168,  169,  173,  174,  367,  383. Lambron,  495. Lambton,  168. Lamel-hill,  26z- Lamplugh,  107,  366,  466,  467,  309,  522,  323,  524, 572-  „ Lancafter,  54,  lor,  107,  108,  no,  120,  121,  123, 152,  248,  190,  363,  379,  396,  493,  364. Lancalhire,  19,  25,  71,  169. Lancaftrians,  1 10. Landaff,  368,  452,  453. Landtgravc,  1 80. Lanfranc,  413,414,  336. Lancham,  431,  551. Laneplugh,  491,  612. Lanerick,  139. Langdale,  161,  168,  273,  334. L’anglene,  612. Langley,  274,  349,  355>  3^°>  483- Langplogh,  609,  621. Langburgh,  20,  54. Langrick,  281. Langthorn,  590. Langthwayt,  618. Langtoft,  317,  327,  344.  S5°-  , Langton,  182,  265,  190,  291,  31 3>  3*5>  3l®<  32°» 321,  333.  352>  360,  364,  385,  397,  425,  430,  490, 49 2,  494,  500,  304,  559,  563.  S6^)  3-67,  568,  590, 601 . Langwith,  254,  281,  282,  304,  316,  322,  528,  53a. Lant,  270,  377. Lanum,  546,  552,  572. Larden,  300. Lardiner,  287,  324,  323,  326,  333,  607. Lares,  47. Lafcellcs,  354,  335,  361,  369,  593,  60I. Laflels,  1 17. Laftingham,  546. Lafynby,  361. Lateran,  536. Latham,  541. Lather,  311. Latins,  2. Latimer,  97,319,  35T,  531. Laton,  31 1,  512,  390. Laud,  142,  461. Laverock,  313,  317. Laughton,  415,  450,  43 1. Laundefburg,  568. S.  Lawrence  church,  60,  233,  236,  242,  251,  232, 253- - hofp. ■ -  parilh,  249. Laurence,  257,  275. Laurentius,  402. Lawne,  365' Lawfon,  337,  364,  600. Lawys,  592. Laytethorpe,  253. '  ■  ~  poftern,  26 2,  313. — —  bridge . INDEX. Layrethorpe  -bridge,  3  02 . - * —  to  wet,  255. Layton,  336,  354,  5  59’  565- Layceftre,  622. Lazius,  44. Leake,  285,  546. Leaftead,  458. Leathly,  363. Leavning,  551. Leceftre,  360,  619. Ledes,  263,  336. I.ee,  291,  362,  37;,  451,  452,  491,  509,  539,  544. Leech,  108,  367. Leeds,  133,  161,  175,  38;,  393,  394,  434. ■  -  antiquary,  3,  19,  21. Legh,  264. Lecio  sexta  victrix,  8,  9,  49. Legio  ix.  vie.  50,  59. Atyiuv  £.  Nuerj 22. Lboiolium,  19,  28. Leicefter,  57,  119,  121,  123,  157,  349,  3S9,  610. Leigh,  336. Leighton  Buzzard,  5  64. Lcke,  326. Leland,  3,  4,  19,  21,  22,  23,  24,  23,  26,  33,  37, 91,  in,  233,  234,  245,  250,  257,265,281,284, 287,  288,  289,  308,  315,  316,  371,  381,  390, 394,  398,  415,  430,  435,  442,  444,  445,  483, 490,  491,  505,  559,  578,  579,  594. Leky,  336,  397. Lclinge,  621- Lematon,  362,  363. Leming-bridge,  334. Lcndal,  57,  226. »  Street,  331. - Ferry,  577. - Poflern,  331. Le  Neve,  454,  463,  560. Lenox,  131,  142. Lent,  75. - affize,  1 7 1 . Leo,  298,  370,  449,  430,  482. St.  Leonard’s  hofpital,  91,  112,  201,  2I7,  236,  251, 3°5»  30 7.  332,  333,  334,  335,  393,  430,  444, 557>  581. — ■  Lendings,  282,  331. - hill,  331,  337. Lepton,  377. Leiley,  137,  141,  163. L’efpicer,  355. Leftingham,  578,  590. Letwell,  551. Leven,  164,  165,  167,  168. Leukenor,  605. Levet,  358,  365. Lcvington,  390. Lewes,  496. Lewis,  364. - - XII.  449. • - XIV.  1 7. Ley  burn,  605. Leyceftre,  305. -  ftiire.  122. Lezingnan,  204. Lhuyd,  4,  32. Liber,  46. Licetus,  45. Liddal,  364. Liege,  2. Liegh,  378. Lightlampe,  298,  393. Lilia,  72. Lilburn,  173. Lilling,  325,  344,  362,  605,  606,  608,  61 1,  612, 614,  615,  616,  6x7,  618,  619. Limbrick,  109. Limerick,  132,  565. Limington,  449. Linacre,  566. Lincoln,  29,  30,  38,  39,  60,  66,  119,  122,  125,  197, 199,  251,  270,  283,  304,  309,  360,  363,404,414, 417,  422,  430,  440,  444,  446,  450,  461,  462, 463.  S35»  536,  559,  562,  564,  580,  590,  613, - Cathedral,  255. ■  ■  —  College,  446. Lincolnfljire,  38,  40,  82,  127,  128,  171,  255,  263, 368,  580. ■  ■  - Men,  103. Lindum,  29,  30,  31,  60. Lindefhay,  361,  584. Lindisfarn,  37,  75,  405,  407,  408,  536,  537. Lindley,  361,  367. Lindfey,  127,  150,  155,  361. Linton,  281,  590. Lipfius,  30. Lillcr,  26,  27,  33,  56,  60,  63,  65,  160,  161,  340, 364- Liflington,  360, Litchfield,  275,  375,  397,  405,  406,  414,  425,  438, 444.  446,  463.  464.  474.  5,6,  537.  55 9.  564- Litclgate-ftreet,  262. Little-Leek,  534. Littleton,  150,  155. Littleborough,  29. Little  Alice-lane,  570. Littefter,  361. Livcrton,  551. Llandegay,  463. Lloyd,  378. Lockhart,  241. Lockflcy,  309. Lockton,  562. Lockington,  336. Loe,  313,  318. Lofthoufe,  390,  395,  618. Loncaftrelhire,  85. Londini  Opp.  7. London,  1,  2,  4,  19,  23,  48,  70,  91,  92,  94,  104, 105,  106,  108,  109,  111,  112,  114,  115,  h67 119,  126,  128,  129,  130,  132,  133,  139,’  ,4,^ 142,  149,  150,  157,  173,  174,  176,  180,  181, 183,  197,  199,  200,  220,  221,  222,  228,  238, Z40,  241,  242,  292,  330,  371,  376,  377,  4ooi 401,  402,  407,  413,  416,  426,  445,  442,  444. 448,  450,  452,  453,  454,  458,  462,  464,  465, 47 9>  535-  546,  552>  559>  59°- -  Tower,  144,  202,  21 1,  282,  284,  350, 556. ■  ■  ■  Bridge,  200,  280. •  - -  Road,  38. London-Byyug,  23. Londoners,  412,  436. Londefburgh,  22,  31,  32,  66. Londifdale,  276. Longa  Villa,  602,  604,  68 1. Long  Ville,  150. Long  Alba,  371. Longcamp,  96,  265,  351,  371,  593,  594. Longhor,  267. Longley,  303,  440,  559,  564. Longus  vicus,  53,  54. I.ongo  vicarii,  54. Long- walk,  249. Long  clofe,  307. Loningate,  262. Lop-lane,  338,  570. Lord-mayor’s  houfe,  330. •  - walk,  254. Lothbrock,  76,  77. Lothian,  98. Lovain,  436. Lovel,  99,  122,  125,  202,  323,  606. Love-lane,  254 Lovelace,  150,  155. Love-water,  590. Louth,  361,  362,  421. Lowther,  355,  370,  524,  572,  599, Lowcock,  367. S.  Loy,  236,  254. Lubbcfthorpc,  497. Lucan,  109,  483. Lucas,  167,  168. Lucretia,  65. Lucius,  9,  59,  400,  401. Lucy,  306,  388,  483'. Luda,  359,  360. Ludgate,  91. Ludham,  351,  359,  560,  429,  559,  563. Ludovicus  Vives,  45. Ludltown,  2. 9G I Ludftown, I  N  D  E  X. Luither,  255. Luke,  305,  317. Lumley,  127. Lunenburgh,  350. Lungefpee,  605,  61 9»  620. Lunde,  267,  294. Lupe,  614,  616. Lupton,  272. Luttercl,  320,  382. Lutton,  447,  551. Luvell,  3 1 1  • Lyddal,  305,  308. Lydyatc,  361, Lycth,  546,  547. Lythgrenes,  351. Lynn,  94,  590. Lyndfcy,  360. Lyncolne,  313. Lyngtayle,  360. Lyons,  405,  469. M. MAbillon,  37 r. Macbeth,  82. Mace,  270,  y68. Mackworth,  169. Macclesfield,  448. Maddox,  221,  228,  304. Mafferton,  308. Magdalene  college,  378,  449.  45 1 »  45  6,  4^3>  4^4- — - fpital,  258. Magneby,  605,  621. Magfuen,  538. Magnus,  336,  337: Maidftonc,  439. Majus  Monafterium,  263. Mair  de  Palais,  1 8 1 . «  ■  ■  —  de  Village,  1 8 1 . Mainill,  5 S_i,  590,  592,  610. Maifon-dieu,  308. Mala-beftia,  96. Malbyfse,  285,  306,  352,  384,  532,  584,  585,  605, 606,  61 1. Malcolm,  82,  87,  93,  338,  421. Malefours,  247. Maleverer,  160,  202,  271,  288,  352,  353,  354. 3SS>  369.  393*  S8i* Malherb,  556. Mallory,  354,  369,  514. Mallet,  87,  90,  349,  350,  393,  408,  618. Malmfbury,  41,  69,  71,  72,  81,  83,  88,  89,  90,  91, 228,  229,  371,  401,  402,  408,  410,  411,  412. Maltby,  398,  365,  623. Malton,  32,  33,  34,  35,  36,  162,  511,  546,  551, 594- Man,  2s- 4,  366,  537,  539- Manars,  308. Manbi,  601. Manchefter,  19,  34,  163,  164,  165,  166,  167,  168, j7i. Mancunium,  19. Mancklyn,  291,  366. Mandevile,  272. Mangergate,  310,  321,  583. Manners,  369. Manning,  540. Manor,  65,  132,  240,  166,  577. - Garden,  61. Mansfield,  169,  174,  267,  269,  319,  367,  464. Manfel,  500,  568. Manwaring,  370.. Mapleton,  551. Mapples,  365. Mara,  586,  619. Marcellinus,  402. Marccllus  Ulp.  9. Marcianus,  56. March,  109,  349. March-greve,  180. March-bridge,  371. Mare,  498.  - Mareft,  613 Marefchallus,  351. Marewell,  202. St.  Margaret’s,  221,  235,  243,  250,  307,  308. Margaret,  p  87,  97,  126. Marifco,  985. Mark  Anthony,  59. Mark-feld,  297. Markenfield,  353. Market,  362. Marlefwain,  90,  233. Marmontier,  264. Marr,  280. Marram,  591. Marrays,  303,  546,  595. Marriot,  363. Mars,  44. Marfar,  255,  270,  340,  496. Marfden,  249. Marfh,  247,  458,  559,  565. Marfom,  547. Mar  (hall,  33,  99,  1 1 4,  286,  290,  344,  360,  363, 364,  365,  506,  558,  560,  561. Marfton,  250,  362,  375,  382,  390,  393,  620,  622, - moor,  166,  167,  168,  169,  172,  465. St.  Martin’s,  485. S.  Martin’s,  271,  272,  273,  370.  371  485  380  383. - Coning-llreet,  235  243.  327,  328,  329,330. ■  - Mickle-gate,  331,  235,  237,  243. - lane,  271,  331. - cell,  590,  605,  607. •  - gM,  3<l- •  - in  the  fields,  466. Mirton,  297,  357,  546,  551,  591. Marven,  254. Marwood,  340.  354,  353. St- Mary’s  abby.  91,  23b,  231,  256,  257,  238,  260, 269,  290,  303  311,  3R5,  388,  396. 397, 424, 434.  473.  483.  5S7.  624,  625.  626,  627. - - Bifhophill,  fen.  235,  243,  248,  266,  26 7, 268,  382. - - jun.  235,  243,  269,  270,  271' - Layreihorpe,  235  236.253,  315,  327. - Caftlcgate,  235,  243,  284,  285,  286. —————chapel,  235. ■  ■  ad  vulvas,  570. -  tower.  166,  536,  557,  577. St.  Mary  Magd.  235,  274,  563,  580,  590,  613. St.  Mary-gate,  133,  166,  256,  258,  582. Mary  qu.  129,  162,  229,  275,  452,  453,  454,  563. •  - of  Scots,  129,  376. Maferfield,  73. Mafham,  281,  481. Mafindieu,  312. Malke,  545. Mafkew,  358,  364,  363. Mafkwell,  272 Mafon,  275,  285,  286,  360,  364,  367. Madam,  444,  550,  551. ■  - houfe,  571. ■  - ftreet,  3  80. Mafters,  335. Mafterman,  341,  366. Matchiavel,  86. S.  Matthew,  83. Matthews,  134,  389,  453,  458,  459,  482,  483,  489, 5 1 1 ,  512- Maud,  emp.  91,  230,  349,  365,  558,  560. Maudlenchap.  597. Mauger,  583. Maugerius,  559. Maugnebie,  335. Mauley,  395,  419,  497. Mauluvil,  336. Maunby,  303. Maunfel,  285,  605. Maunday-Thurfday,  137. Maundery II,  605. Mauri  Aureliani,  43. S.  Maurice,  185,  187,  444. - church,  235,  243,  254,  317. Mauritius,  416. Mawdlin  chap-  127. Mawburn,  366. Maximian,  24,  46,  400. Maxima  Caefarien.  400,  401, Maye,  291,  328,  365,  434. Mayor,  180. Mazin, I  N Ma'iin,  1 69. Meaux,  351,  360. Mcdcfhamftede,  23,  38. Medley,  340. Mediobarbus,  61. Medville,  605. Meek,  297,  360. Meers,  369 Megfon,  260. Meuitus,  402. Melote,  267. Mclfa,  360. Melton,  104,  25;,  265,  322,  337,  3S2,  353,  370, 3®S'  43*.  473.  475.  4S4.  49°.  55°.  S6 7- Mempricius,  2. Mennel,  369. Menningthorpe,  361. Meignil,  303. Mercia,  79,  406,  472. Mercians,  404. Mercurius,  46. Merchants-hall,  161,  235,  301. Merchant-taylors  fchool,  461. •  - hall,  316. Merlefwain,  257. Merleberg,  606. Meriton,  510,  559,  563. Merington,  266. Merton-college,  379,  564. Merfke,  309,  609. Merkington,  583. Mern,  264. Merfton,  601,  604,  611,  612,  613,  615: Mefchines,  579,  580,  586. Meffington,  252,  396. Metcalf,  60,  233,  260,  273,  294,  320,  353,  354, 357.  35s.  363.  3<>7.  368,  49s- Methley,  248. Metham,  168,  336,  353,  614. Mettingham,  541,  581. Meurby,  609. Mexborcugh,  429,  551. Meynel,  352. St.  Michael’sle  Belfrey,  235,  243,  327,  358,  339,  570. . - Spurrier-gate,  zi8,  235,  243,  290,  583. - - extra  Walm-gate,  Z3y,  251,  253. Michael,  538. Mickleburgh,  551. Mickle- gate, 63,  220,246,  263,  273,  274,  279,  344,  583. - -  bar,  21,  56,  60,  66,  108,  109,  126,  130, 133,  !34»  1 36,  162,  164,  170,  172,  175,  184, 215,  226,  245,  249,  262. Micklcmore,  336. Micklethwaite,  169,  265,  365. Middleton,  222,  267,  270,  271,  291,  297,  305,  326, 336,  351,  352.  353.  3S8-  362,  363,  365.  393. 4".  5S7.  59°.  613- ■  - Tyas,  590. ■  - Hofpital,  266. Middleftone,  356. Middleham,  270,  281,  445,  584,  587,  623. •  - caftle,  1 1 3. Middlethorpe,  248,  382,  398. Mikelficld,  264. Milbank,  260,  355. Mild  may,  128. Milford,  247,  545. Millam,  568. Millby,  28. Millington,  544,  551,  590. Milliarium  aureum,  iS. Milner,  358,  359,  385,  388. Milton,  46,  69,  83,  399. Minerva,  45. Minna,  56. Minors,  303. Minder-yard,  175,  316,  461,  550,  ^69,  570,  571,  572. •  - -  gates,  126. Mint-yard,  57,  337. Mirflete,  Z70. Miderton,  474,  551. Mitchell,  268,  291. Mitford,  355- Mithridates,  45. Miton,  356. Modena,  449. D  E  X. Molbray,  335. Mole/by,  343,  344,  360,  546,  547. Molendarius,  590. Molincux,  iir. Molis,  351. Moltby,  22  2. Molyne,  1 1 1 . Mompeflon,  272. Monadicon,  274,  310,  374,  395,  397,  486,  569,  580. Monaderiis,  335. Moneville,  233. Money,  344. Monfaucon,  45,  58,  62,  588. Monk,  173,  174. Monk-bar,  37,  162,  166,  254,  262,  316. Monk-gate,  254,  583. Monk-ward,  184,  309. Monk-bridge,  304. - - brigg,  234.  255.  583- Monkton,  248,  263,  306,  333,  393,  394,  cir,  eqi„ Monmouth,  4,  5,  7,  9,  10,  23,  68,  69,  150,  155, 178,  472,  489. Mons  Palatinus,  1 2. Montaign,  341,  459,  460. Montacute,  103,  112. Montague,  552. Montcfort,  356. Monthermcr,  329. Monteaux,  60 6. Montrofs,  137,  1 41 ,  162,  169. Moore,  252,  360,  514. Moorc-park,  445. • - -  Monkton,  382. Morchar,  81,  Sz,  83,  26,  89,  238,  348. More,  272,  361. Moreby,  360. Morcton,  233,  31 1,  362,  375,  490. Morehufes,  620. Morgate,  313. Morgan,  174. Moriceby,  621. Morland,  588. Morley,  366. Morneby,  612. Morrett,  570. Morrice,  171. Morris,  24,  25,  27,  28,  29,  273. Mort,  614. Morton,  130,  267,  292,  308,  362,  363,  567,  390. - bridge,  233. Mortimer,  101,  349,  568,  586. Morthum,  591. Mofeley,  210,  222,  260,  278,  357,  363”,  366,  367. Motte,  320. Moubray.  31,  150,  133,  393,  49 1,  580. Moulgrave,  369. Mount,  60,  5 6,  226,  243. -  Agned,  2. Mounfell,  204. Moufe-lane,  364. Mowbray,  92,  101,  106,  307,  319,  388,  389,  391, 392.  393»  395.  39 7>  527»  588>  59°- Mowld,  366. Moyland,  591. Moyfer,  176,  382,  385. Mubray,  620. Mudd,  365. Mulbrai,  615. Mulgrave,  326,  387, Multon,  397,  616. Municipium,  1 78,  1  79. Munthate,  247. Mtmkc,  247,  '249,  417,  418,  473,490,  585,  s?6,  588. Muret,  64. Murgetroyd,  291. Mufgrave,  21 1,  352. Mufchard,  424. Mufcovey,  129. Mufeum  Afhmol.  65. - Thorefby,  63. Myers,  358,  365. S.  Mychel  kirk,  242. Mynflcyp,  294. Myton,  27,  100,  ror,  317,  358,  361,  433,  453, 587,  590,  603,  606,  615,  6Z7. N.  .Na- INDEX. N. NAburn,  281,  285,  306. Nafferton,  272,  284,  334,  42;. Nalfon,  328. Naphent,  449. Narbohdw,  111. NalTington,  344,  566. Nathan,  2. Navarre,  527. Naylor,  366. Nayron,  297. Necham,  270. Neftardus,  48. Necus,  390. Nehalennia,  21. Nfehalen’s  ford,  21. Neile,  461,  462. Nelefon,  264,  367. Nelfon,  327,  362,  363,  495. St.  Neots,  39. Nero,  38,  62. NefTe,  311,  582,  589,  594. Neflegate,  290. NefTefield,  396,  398. Neflingwych,  294. Netherdale,  545. Nettleton,  175. Neubi,  313. Neutgate-lane,  306,  309. Nevill,  105,  in,  1 1 2,  1 1 6,  127,  129,  130,  160, 303,  306,  351,  352,  353,  354,  355,  369,  374, 435,  436,  442,  444,  445,  483,  491,  538,  539, 545*  5S3,  57i.  587.  5s8.  59*.  623. Nevill’s-crofs,  105. Newark,  39,  150,  164,  272,  300,  367,  431,  473, 490,  495,  559,  563. Newbald,  252,  544,  550. Newbigging,  254,  583,  615. • - ftreet,  254. Newbo,  384. Newburgh,  23,  37,  88,  90,  94,  96,  126,  277,  30 7, 415,  419. Newbum,  138. Newby,  358,  545. Newcaftle,  24,  99,  128,  130,  131,  138,  141,  148, 150,  *55.  1 61,  163,  164,  165,  166,  108,  169, 173, 360. Newcombe,  373. Nev.rrourt,  564. Newgate,  322. Newland,  545. Newmarket,  241. New  park,  281. Newport,  150,  155,  161. Newlbmc,  498. - bridge,  36. Newthorpe,  551,  568. Newton,  54,  113,  118,  263,  267,  280,  308,  365, 366,  388,  390,  395,  505,  551,  568,  612. - Kyrne,  20,  397. ■  Waterfield,  20. - hall,  281. - uponOufe,  281,  336. Nicene  council,  371. St.  Nicholas,  144,  154,  155,  341,  483. - - church,  164,  235,  237,  264,  273,  279. — - hofpital,  236,  250,  303,  308. Nicholas,  p.412,  419,  442. Nicholfon,  120,  121,  311,407. Nid,  4,  19,  21,  232,  281,  381,  398. Nigd,  78,  180,  333,  359. Nigroponr,  501,  540. Nightingale,  284. Ninibinrofs,  54;. Niobe,  136,  489. Nifbir,  272,  366. Noble,  301. No£ton,  39. Nordiffe,  334,  333. Norfolk,  39  76,  no,  120,  122,  237,  283,  356, 359  368, 384. Noiham,  270. Notingwel),  356. Norman,  220,  357,  363,  364,  452,  590,  616, Normandy,  3,  81,  86,  87,  228,  264,  379,  421,  427, 424,  536,  591. Normans,  20,  33,  55,  86,  87,  8S,  238. Normanville,  351,  356,  383. Norrice,  99. North,  221,  232,  337,  364,  568. Northallerton,  92,  129. Northampton,  89,  150,  155,  539, ■  - (hire,  39,  103. North-bridge,  281. North-Britain,  100. Northborough,  104,  533. Northby,  264,  357,  362,  545. Northiam  463. Northimbria,  90. Northumberland,  5,  19,  71,  72,  73,  77,  78,  80,  8r, 83.  83,  86,  89,  93,  97,  100,  109,  115,  120,  1 2 1, 122,  124,  125,  137,  140,  179,  301,  306,  321, 347.  368.  37*.  4°2>  403,  404,  405,  410,  412, 444,  450,  432,  454,  467,  489,  539,  541,  S78. Northumbrians,  71,  72,  73,  75,  76,  79,  82,  86,  89, 1 1 2,  168,  242,  286,  402,  403,  412,  473. ■  - kings,  73  ,  74.  75- •  - earls,  8i- ■  - Danes,  8 1 . *  - kingdom,  85,  179,  228,  233. Northfoke,  543. North-ftreet,  133,  262,  277. Norton,  1 29,  353,  354,  36S,  369,  391,  545. Norway,  5,  83,  539. Norwegian,  83,  84. Norwich,  94,  461,  536,  550,  562,  566,  5S0. Norwico,  558. Noftell,  383,  396. Notitia  Imp.  Rom.  35,48,49,  51. Nottingham,  39,  116,  120,  157,  159,  453,  499, 54°,  559,  565,  568. - - 39.  452>  453- - caftle,  86. Novoburgo,  615. Nowel,  301. Nuchcnt,  391. Nun-applcton,  174,  384,  398. —  ■  Monkton,  4,  166,  281,  304,  381,  398. - Burnham,  32. Nunfields,  546. Nunnery,  247. Nunnington,  591. Nuttellc,  352. Nuvel,  313,  585,  617,  620. Nyne,  38,  39.  ,  _ O. OAts,  175. Occa,  68,  71. OCELLUM  PROMONTORIUM,  30. Ocham,  323. Odtavius,  48. Ocketon,  336. Odington,  543. Odo,  79,  410,  542,  589,  390,  602. Ogylvy,  162. Oketon,  351,  601,  606,  61 1,  612,  613,  614,  615, 622. St.Olave’s,  235,  237,  243,  251,  255,  258,  259,  539, 577»  578.  579»  58i»  582- Olaus,  79,  84. Old-Baile,  162,  265,  283,  286,  289,  571. Oldborough,  202. Old-Malton,  36,  453. Oldmixon,  156,  171. Olde-Yorke,  330. Olicana,  19,  20,  22. Oliver,  275. Olroyd,  175. Omerton,  286. Onyx,  62. Operye,  360. Orange,  177. Orback,  360. Orcader,  72,  83,  537,  539. Otdein,  610,  621 Ordo  pc:p.  concion.  522,  523. Orger, INDEX. °tgcr,  615. Origen,  400. Orkney,  84. Oileman,  5  89. Ormflievcd,  321,  35  7>  362- Ormond,  ill,  350,  482. Ormelby,  546. Orolius,  4S2. Olbaidcllon,  559,  565. Olbaldwyke,  323,  361,  350. Oibert,  75,  76,  77,  78,  418,  583. Ofborne,  160,  161,  355,  357,  3S^>  37°- Olbeni,  87,  S8. Oibiight,  75,  76,  409, Oichitel,  410,  544. Ofcp  Nappea,  129. Osfrid,  472. Olgodby,  591 - Oliris,  62. Ollac,  81. Ofnaburg,  350. Ofrick,  72,  73. OfTory,  410. Ofulph,  81,  179. S.  Ofwald,  396/415,  417*  582' Ofwald,  73,  410,  411,  472. Ofwin,  71. Orho,  61,  62,  349. Otho  Pop.  Sabi.  62. Otlcy,  248,  327,  401,  409,  441,  478,  541,  542, 546-  . Ottodcni,  22. Ottvingtnn,  546. Otyr,  1 1 8. Oudebaraw,  259. Overton,  281,  333,  512,  515,  518,  577,  5 79»  591* 615,  618,  623. - hall,  578. Ovcr-Popykon,  269,  2“0. Ovcortomuttum,  613. Oughtred,  351,  353,  389. Ovid,  11,  178. Ovington,  252,  327. Oundie,  409,  445. Oufc,  3,  4,  8,  25,  33.  38,  39,  40,  41,  81,  82,  83, 104,  133,  139,  166,  167,  188,  199,  201,  207, 220,  226,  227,  229,  231,  232,  256,  258,  274, 279,  281,  282,  283,  286,  302,  332,  381,  397, 398>  579»  596.  0  0 Oufe-bridge,  133,  134,  185,  220,  231,  242,  280,  281, 282,  331,  358,  365,  398,  418. . - -  prifoii,  195. ■  ■  ■■  —  maifon  dieu,  236. Oufeburn,  4,  27,  281. Oufeford,  4. Oufcflete,  281,  619. Oufegate,  220,  290,  292. Oufeney,  360. Ouftoh,  546,  547. Owram,  367. Oxford,  65,  116,  167,  17;,  374.  377.  379. 389,  407,  42S,  434,  436,  440,  4,4,  446,  448, 449,  451,  456,  458,  459,  462,  463,  465,  466, 54°.  542- - - Antiquary,  377,  463. Oxmerdyke,  551. Oxton,  247,  382,  3  89. P. PAbeham,  toi- Padockthorpe,  382,  388. Paganel,  263,  350,  396,  479. Page,  368. Pageants,  223. Pagett,  366. Painell,  589. Painlaithes,  397. Pakenham,  499,  568. Palagius,  402. Palatium,  10,  11,  12,  17,  47. Palatine,  62. Palladio,  338. Pallas,  24.  . Palmes,  306,  354,  368. Palmer,  232,  359,  508,  567. Pan,  24. Pancirollus,  45. Pandulph,  97. Panel,  297. Panegyrift.  42,  46. Pape,  292. Papinian,  9,  1 6,  17,  179,  292,401. Paris,  226,  370,  400,  405,  561. -  Match.  98,  99,  228,  421,  424,  425,  427, 428. Parisi,  22,  30,  34. Parke,  498,  581. Parker,  264,  305,  342,  363,  386,  540. Parlington,  275,  620. Parmentarius,  264, Parrat,  361. Parfons,  376. Parys,  266. Pafchall,  538 Puflemere,  566. Paterol,  46. Paterne,  351. Patefhull,  257. Patonce,  267. Patric,  335. Patrick-pool,  235,  322,  323,  346. Patrington,  22,  30,  541,  542,  545,  546,  566. Pattyn,  252. Pavement,  130,  292,  301,  375. S.  Paul’s,  416,  444,  446,  454,  458,  562,  565,  57  T. Paul,  p.  408. Paulet,  1  50,  1 50. Paulus,  1 6,  1 79. - Jovius,  449. Paulinus,  258,  403,  404,  405,  408,  472,  53s. Pawlet,  449. Pawfon,  266,  268,  280,  301.  366,  367. Payler/  314,  328,  522. Paynlathcroftes,  254,  255,  598,  599, Paynel,  590. Pay thorn,  361, Paytc,  554,  556. Peacock.  128,  223,  364,  365,  306. Peak,  367. Pcakirk,  39. Pearfon,  358,  504,  572. Peafcholm-green,  220.  302,  312,  316. Pecock,  294. Pecket,  301,  3-66,  367. Peckfield,  19. Pecuaria,  30. S.  Peea,  39. Pegams,  62- Peigher,  365,  366. Pelham,  600. Pellcfon,  305,  498. Pellican,  230. Pemberton,  366. Pembroke,  378,  379. • - hall,  377,  446,  4J4,  461. Penda>  72,  73,  404,  472. Pendragon,  69. Pennanr,  288. Pennicroft,  545. Penny  man,  130,  354,  355. Penreth,  357. Pepin,  619. Pepper*  341,  366,  370. Percy,  92,  99,  105,  106,  108,  in.  lii,  127,  tzQ, 130,  248,  267,  284,  285,  303,  306,  309,  31 1, 313,  314,  319,  335,  336,  351,  353,  361,  385, 388,  389,  390,  483,  484,  487,  519,  527,  560, 562,  578,  605,  608. Percy’s-inne,  306,  379. Percehay,  352,  588. Percival,  114. Pcrcvine,  134. Perefon,  499. Perith,  302. Perkins,  452. Perrir,  301. Perrot,  273^366,  367,  566. Perry,  232. Pert,  362. Perrhe. /  N Verthe,  204. Pertinax,  9,  24. Pcifon,  272. Peryns  285. £t.  Peter,  93,  93,  408,  472,  473,  479,  481,  527. Peter,  400,  402,  561. St.  Peter’s  church,  75,  233,  446,  539,  580- - le  little,  235,  236,  292,  301,  302. — -  wiUoughs,  2JS,  *37,  30;. • — — - —  holpital,  1  80. - fryery,  217. PeterSate,  227,  319,  322,  338,  347,  570,  571,  383- Peterborough,  23,  38,  39,  411. Pctcrhoufe,  378. Peter  pence,  547. Petercorn,  332. Peter-lane-little,  292. Pcterne,  47,  572. Pctilius  Cerealis,  7. Petre,  384,  393. Petty,  234,  363,  329. Pctty-clerk,  362. Petuaria,  22,  30. Pctworth,  528 Pevenfcy,  84. Peverel,  92,  591. Peycock,  357. Phaire,  299. Pharonenfis,  317. Pharlalia,  109. Phenicians,  26. Philip,  king,  432. •  - and  Mary,  129,  253,  291,  316. Philippa,  104,  105,  349. Philippi,  315,  317. Philips,  342. Phocas,  483. Pickering,  23,  33,  36,  283,  302,  366,  367,  413, 558,  562,  608,  619. 'Pickala,  336. Pickard,  360. Picling,  61 1. Picote,  590. Pitts  and  Scots,  17,  39,  40,  42,  48,  53,  67,  68,  70, 71,  401,  402,  407. Pickworth,  303. Piers,  436,  51 1. Picrfon,  272,  273,  342.  355,  363 Pigot,  til,  209,  323,  595. Piketon,  603. Pilgrimage  of  grace,  127. Pilkington,  384. Pincerna,  608. Pinchamhalch,  409. Pinder,  358. Pitts,  374,  429,  568. Place,  331,  368,  577. Plantagenet,  124,  123,  314,  349,  422,  423,  424. Plautius,  39. Playfere,  375. Pliny,  21,  45,  37,  4S3. Piompton,  267,  352,  390. Plowman,  364 Plumland,  616. Plummer,  266 Plumpton,  26,  27,  107,  353. *  -  tower,  28. Plumtree,  130,  546. Plumfted,  .610. Plunketh,  580. Plutarch,  45,  62. Pocklington,  30,  33,  308,  356,  360,  413,  544,  551, 558,  562,  564. Pocock,  357,  378. Poer,  287,  391,  614 Poittiers,  349. Pointel,  619. Pointz,  252. Pollard,  513. Polton,  559,  564. Polychronicon,  91. Pomfret,  294,  295. Pompeius,  483. Pons  Belli,  33. D'  E  X. Pontefratt,  336,  360,  370,  384,  392,  43 8,  382, 616. - caftle,  1 1 5,  1 71. • - park,  19. Ponteburg,  587. Pontfretc,  58,  101,  107,  109,  113,  114,  113,  u6, 380,  417,  41 8,  452. Pontiniac,  430. Ponthorpe,  290. Poole,  551. Pope’s-head-ally,  292. Poppletcn,  281,  308,  319.  382,  393,  397,  346,  331, 552,  580,  591,  601,  602,  604,  613. - ferry,  167. Porphyrius,  374. Porritanus,  374. Porta,  61  3 - Carmentalis,  1 1 . Porter,  167,  169,  284. Portington,  568. Portreve,  1  80 Portfmouth,  1 88. Portugal,  2,  150. Portuguefe,  178. Pohhumus,  29. Poteman,  247,  248. Poterne,  423. Potgrange,  276,  298. Pothern,  572. Pothowe,  361. Potter,  273,  360.- Potterwell,  241. Poundgarth,  3 1  2. Pound-lane,  312. Pountfreyr,  10S,  361. Poynings,  270. Praesidium,  54. Praetorium,  to,  13,  16,  22,  29,  30,  31,  30,  54,  179, 401. Praetor,  180. Prance,  28. Prafutagus,  400. S.  Praxides,  449. Praxiteles,  488. Precentor’s-lane,  372. Preft,  305. Preftlay,  303. Prfcfton,  248,  264,  270,  2&S,  320,  341,  337,  338, 362,  5ci,  s9t. Priapus,  62. Price,  173. Pricket,  175,  176,  209,  368. Princefs-royal,  162. Printer,  270. Prifcianus,  483. Prifhowes,  264. Prifons,  281. Probus,  483. Proby,  5 1 1 . Prottor,  259,  267.  270,  271. Prophetc,  539,  564. Profper,  48 3. Ptolemy,  3,  4,  22,  29,  30,  34,  33,  36,  37,  49,  66. Publius  Vittor,  11. Pudfey,  355. Puer,  618. Puleftan,  172. Pulkore,  386. Pullein,  267,  353,  364,  366,  368. Purefoy,  369. Puring,  608. Puritans,  490. Purfeglove,  540. Puteaco,  568. Puttock,  41 1. Pye-powder-court,  2 1 8. Pykering,  255,  285,  294,  297,  3 10,  327,  352,  359, 563,  592,  606. Pykehale.  333, Pym,  146 Pynchbeck,  339,  495. Pyrannus,  70,  401,  414. Pythagoras,  309. Q^Qua- /  N  D  E  X. a Quaker’s  meeting,  284. -Quakin,  397. Queen-hall,  542. Queen’s-coll.  448- Queenftreet,  316. Querfe,  484. Querington,  622. Quetelay,  390. Quichelm,  72. St  Quintin,  354.  3TS>  3S4 Quixley,  356,  361. R. KAIott,  582,  587. Radcliff,  115,  122,  123. Rademan,  351. Radley,  367. Radulphus,  568. • -  Niger,  14 Ragcnhill,  275. Raghton,  362. Raines,  360,  515. Rainer,  594. Rainfborough,  171. Rainald,  521. Ralph,  33S,  537.  539- RameAiolm,  336. Ramfden,  160,  176,  269,  273,  287,  354,  355,  366. Ramfey  mon.  182. Ramwald’s  moor,  19. Randeman,  279. Randolph,  100,  102. Range,  221. Ranulph,  499. Raper,  367. Rapin  Thoyras,  70,  75,  76,  77,  85,  93,  108,  116, 124. Rafcal,  603. Rafyn,  263,  364. Ratcliff,  269,  389. Ratten-row,  262. Rattus,  336. Ravenfburgh,  30,  113. Ravensfcld,  336. Ravenefkeld,  545. Ravenfwath,  313,  591. Ravenfer,  230. Rawden,  122,  123,  222,  292,300,365. Rawlinfon,  272. Rawfon,  522. Raygate,  60 1,  604,  6u,  6 12,  613,  615. Raynes,  1 76. Rayner,  344. Rayton,  294. Reculver,  58. Rede,  114. Red-houfe,  281,  396. Redmild,  275. Redmore,  1  20. Red  (hanks,  73. Redhead,  362. Redtower,  262. Redward,  409. Redman,  305.352,361,367. Rcdnefs,  281,  356,  360,  505,  591,  592,  609,  614, 616. Reed,  367. Reformation,  237. Reginald,  78,  78,  592. Region,  360. Relford,  313, Rcme,  580. Remmington,  248. Rcnningwood,  584. Renton,  545; Repelee,  623. Rerefby,  176,  289,  328,  355,  358,  369,  606. Reftitutus,  400,  401. Reflorp,  622. Refton,  466. Retford,  478. Revolution,  247. Reygate,  553,  584. Reyne,  366. Reyner,  313,  591,  627. Reynolds,  366. Rheims,  416,  42'r. Rhine,  142. Rhodes,  367,  395. Ribchefter,  22. Ribfton,  58,  59,  336,  361. Rich,  150,  155. Richard  I.  94,  96,  180,  202,  204,  228,  263,  349, 381,  4Z2,  423,  547,  560,  561. -  II.  46,  103,  106,  108,  1 8 1 ,  182,  189,  205, 206,  207,  220,  222,  234,  243,  249,  274,  28 1,  282, zSj,  187,  301,  303,  306,  309,  322,  323,  349,  332, 353,  396,  397-  435,  436,  438,  439,  530,  564,  580, 599,  623. - - -III.  hi,  1 1 6,  117,  1 1 8,  1 1 9,  122,  124,  187, S97- - prince,  97. - - —  baftard,  117. - abbot,  594. Richardfon,  267,  269,  294,  31 1,  318,  323,  364,  365, 366, 367, 494, 567. Richale,  303,  309. Richborough,  19. Richmond,  3,  101,  127,  129,  130,  150,  155,  188, 284,313,  322,  336,  391,446,450,562,563,580, 587,  588,  591,  6O7,  6l3,  6l8,  021. - (hire,  85,  89,  281,  601,  627. Rlckall,  83,  229,  290. Riciius,  78,  409. Ridley,  357,  362. Ridlington,  588. Rieval,  248. Ricdale,  394. Rigden,  328. Rigodunum,  22. Riglidge,  78. Ringwode,  336,  564. Ripley,  270. Riplingham,  567. Ripon,  20,  28,  79,  80,  129,  133,  >34>  >4*.  *99* 233,  281,  406,  40S,  409,  41 5,  416,  417,  426,  433, 444,  453,  54',  544-  545,  546,  566.  S7-- Ripponholm,  543. Rilhton,  317, Ritupae,  19. Rival,  251. Rivaulx,  127. Rivers,  155,  303. Roads,  354. Road-gate,  28. Roan,  379,  421,  433,  560. St.  Robert,  359,  372,  373. Robert,  86. Robinfon,  28,  35,  36,  131,132,  179,185,213,221, 223,  247,  260,  298,  317,  337,  354,  355,  357,  35S, 359,  364,  365-,  366,  367,  394,  495,  577. Rochbury,  263. Rochefter,  58,  404,  446,448,  453,  461,  465,  466. -  caftle,  435. Rockingham,  51 1. Rocliff,  281,  397. Rodeftein,  610. Rodctham,  591 . Rodgate,  394. Roger,  42 1 , 42 2, 47 3 , 47  8, 49c,  5 3 7,  5 39. Rogers,  267,  305,  364. Roger fon,  321. Rokeby,  108,  352,  368,  369,  566,  623. Rolls,  448,  565. Rolli,  263. Rollington.  591. Roma  altera,  10,  45,  91,  179. Romaine,  374,  430,  473,  474,  476,  490,  566,  56S, 607. Roraand,  583. Romans,  2,  7,  21,  28,  47,  48,  49,  60,  61,  62,  63,  65, 66,  67,  70,  178,  179,  225,  226,  304,  400,  402, 4°3>  454-  488,  527. Rome,  7,  8.9,  IO.  II,  12,  17,  18,  26,  31,  43,  45, 47,  48,  54,  58,  63,  66,  91,  178,  179,  371,  3-6, 400,  401,  405. 406,  408, 41  r,  412,  413,  423,  428, 429, INDEX. 429,  430,  431,  432,  438,  >442,  449,  450,  453, ,  S3S-  539.  56'.  562,  583. Romfrid,  578. Romphere,  590,  591. Rookcby,  355. Roos,  in,  272,  308,  392. Rofamond,  422,  561. Rcfe,  357. Rofs,  201,  318.  350,  365,  393,  396,  39S,  473, 4S3, 527,  566,  589,  6lO. RoiTington-bridge,  29. Rofton,  355,  360,  362,  591. Rotingham,  621. Rotheram,  117,  445,  446,  447,  448,  479,  491,  512, 532,  547,  566,  567. RothweB,  5  So. Roto,  616. Rorfe,  284. Rouceftre,  603. RouclifTe,  551,  597. Roumangour,  583. Roundele,  31 1,  382,  390,  393,  594,  622. Roundeley,  325. Rtfuthecline,  612. Rowcliff,  301,  368,  591. Rowley,  5-46. Rowfton,  546, Roxborough,  99,  loo,  440. R'oyfton,  320. Rudgate,  19. Rudilon,  27,  591,  597,  610. Rueby,  621. RufForth,  319,  382,  393. St.  Ruffine,  442. Ruffinus,  414. Rufus,  250,  332,  415,  537. Rughford,  336,  393. Rugmorc,  336. Rulles,  585. Rumanilly,  478. Rumlay,  199. Rump  pari.  173. Runthorpe,  591. Rupe,  620. Rupert,  464,  166,  167,  168. Rufhworth,  140,  141,  142,  143,146,  162,  165,166, 170,  238. Rufmar,  5S5. Ruflel,  164,  312,  337,  362,  583,601. Rufton,  362. Rutland,  39,  no,  221,  229,  349,  369,  376. Rutherfield,  568. Rutter,  2'9c. Ruiupis  porta,  19. Ryall,  275. Rychmond,  60&. Rydale,  247. Rydely,  362. Rye,  36,  263,  601. Rykinghale,  567. Ryley,  230. Rymcr,  175. Ryppon,  336,  361,  568, Rvih.-r,  zoi,  352,  353,  384,  385,  386,  389,  474, Ryfewick,  591. Rvver,  248. Ryvcrs,  267. S. SAbina,  61,  62. Scarthburgh,  553. Sadler,  129,  317. Saham,  201. Saifvola,  117. Saint  Quintal,  309. Salamanders;  261. Salcbi,  618. Sal.lluiry,  23,  1IC9,  150,  155,  351,  -79,  396,  440 436,  540. Soitild.  59,  593. .‘•alley,  290. Salop.  369. Saifarius,  33 SJtmarfh,  232,  281,  316. Salt'hole-grcces,  282. Saltergh,  393. Salton,  550,  551. Silvayne,  287,  303,  325,  336,  351,  352. St.  Sampfon’s,  235,  243,  322,  323. Samond,  554. Sampfon,  70,  267,  323,  360,  385,  A.01,  414,  415, 527. Sancrofr,  559,  565. Sandta  Agatha,  623. Sancto  Andoeno,  605,  619. Samfto  Mauro,  204. Sandro  Quintino,  604,  607,  610,621. Sandall,  281,  474. Sandford,  122,  278,  325,  352. Sandhutton,  287,  314. Sandhus,  303. Sands,  365. Sandys,  454.  435,  513. Sandtoft,  580,  592. Sandwith,  276,  391. Santon,  64,  295,  357,  360,  361,  362. Sanxo,  70,  322. Sarcrino,  607. Sardcnix,  62. Sartrina,  615. Sartia,  612. Sarum,  446,  473,  381. Saturn,  iS,  63,  70. Savage,  128,  1S1,  199,  291,  266,  269,  327,  336, 360,  361,  362,  364,  448,  491,  501,  504,  509, S47- S  a  various,  594. Saudoy,  616. Saugcrius,  356. Savile,  7,  10,  58,  1 50,  153,  160,  328,  337,  342,* 352«  353»  354.  357»  367>  368.  3 69>  37°»  3 76* 394-. St.  Savinc,  435. Sr.  Saviour’s,  235,  237,  243,  310,  31 1,  312,  315]! 39i>.583.  589- St.  Saviourgate,  227,  310,  312,  316. Saundby,  270. Saurby,  593. Sawley  ab.  389. Sawyer,  210.  363. Saxony,  349. Saxons,  13,  14,  20,  21,  23,  53,  67,  68,  69,  70,  71,' 7 2,  75,  80,  81,  179,  226,  316,  402,  409,  413,  472, 57?- Saxon  annals,  33,  408. Saxter,  360. Saxton,  nr,  248,  314,  327.' Scaevola,  16. Scaklethorp,  393. Scales,  in,  589. Scaleburg,  263 Siamfton,  271,  592. Scarborough,  169. •  -  caftle,  162. Scarburgh,  34,  35. Scardcburgh,  283,  285,  559,  563. Scarr,  365. Sceller,  267. Schclton,  623. School-houfe,  316. Schrieve,  183. Schupton,  360,  603,  61 1,  612,  613,  6 1 4 f Schyptun,  623. Scilton,  603. Scolfield,  367. Scoreby,  356,  360,  361. Scorthingwell,  317. Scot,  17  i,  175,176,  222,  278,  288,317,  322,  327, „  3)8.  365,366,446,  559,  565. Scotland,  17,  69,  71,  73,  78,  82,  86,  87,  89,  90,  93, 96,  97,  100,  105,  in,  126,  129,  132,  133,  134, 135,  138,  163,  169,  172,  174,  230,  332,  371,  376, 414, 426, 436. 479, 537, 53s,  539, Scoto,  617. •  -  Britanno,  49. •  - Hyberno,  49. Scots,  73,  81,  102,  I12,  1 15,  171,  262,  43-?,  440, S38-  581- Scotton,  360,  363,  396,  592,  620. Scotu, ■T INDEX. Scotus,  371. Scoty,  478. Scoui field,  367. Scriven,  387,  396. Scroby,  178,  448,  541,  545,  546. Scrope,  106,  108,  259,  267,  272,  273,  323,  329, 37°.  438,  439>  474»  4s*.  483,  491,  504,  505, 532. Scuris,  584. Scyjie-gemor,  179. Seam,  619,  621. Seamour,  35,  128. Seaton,  361,  382. Secroft,  263. Sedberg,  434. Sedulius,  483. See,  199. Segfridc,  589. Segg'.  3s6- Segrave,  204,  431. Segrayd,  464. Selby,  106,  161,  163,  1S1,  183,  325,  355,  356, 357-  359.  360,  361,  362,  384,  387,  41  5,  577,  605, 609,  616,  61 7. Selden,  26,  50. Seller,  367. Sellowe,  386,  566. Scmer,  275,  327,  329,  592. Semper,  363. Sempringham,  249,  250,  452. Senalchal,  1 8 1 . Seneca,  14, Seolfey,  406. Scpefiievct,  6r. St.  Sepulcher’s,  235,  428,  431,478. Serenius,  257. Serjeant’s-inn,  552. Servius,  483. Sefay,  361, Seton,  202,  593,  606. Setterington,  290,  292,  356,  361. -  brow,  34. Sever,  595. Severes-ho,  14. Severianus,  9 1 . Severius,  580. Sevcrus,  9,  10,  12,  13,  14,  rs,  ,7,  ,8,  24,  28,  40, 4Z>  43.  44.  49.  !°.  S3.  57.  S®.  59.  60,  61,  179. 490. -  hills,  14. Sewal,  428,  479. Seward,  257,  539. Sexdccem  vallibus  dc,  290,  356. Seymour,  1 50. Seyton,  623. Sezay,  129,  336,  361,  592,  608. Sczcvaus,  3s;,  356,  359,  394,  395,  381,  617,  619, 021,  622. Shackleton,  176,  210,  364,  367. Shadlock,  364. Shalcocks,  592. Shambles,  297,  301,  321. Shampenes,  610. Shanfield,  508. Shardington,  545. Sharp,  273,  297,  383,  467,  468,  Sir. Sharparrow,  498. Sharrowe,  267,  545. Shawc,  291,  298,  363,  364.  366. Sheffield,  133,  134,  16:,  189,  303,  328,  361,  363, 369.  396,  49J,  559,  564,  568. • -  manor,  454. Shelford,  494. Sheepfhead,  61. Shcrburn,  311,  356,  361,  362,  396,  545,  55,,  562. Sherewood,  363. Sherriff  hutton,  302,  303,  546,  588. - - caftle,  124 — —  park,  134. Shillitoe,  345,  364. Shipton.  4.50,  593. Shiies,  85. Shireburo,  323,  386.  409,  421,  474,  499,  541,  54,, S4+.  567- Shoemaker’s  hofp.  236. Shorewood,  362. Shrcwfbury,  106,  nr,  128,  350,  454. Shupton,  277,  3-82,  583. Shuttleworth,  355. Shyftling,  257. Sibrigh,  90. Sicilia,  10. Sichman,  360. Siddal,  366. Sidnaccfter,  39. Sidney,  392,  397. - - -  SuflTex  coll.  273. Sigifmund,  222. Sigonius,  8. Sigfton,  36 r. Sikelings,  588. Silchefter,  58. Silveftcr,  325,  401. Silverftreet,  322. Silvius  Aeneas,  2. - -  Latinus,  2. St.  Simon,  425. Simon  abbot,  424,  579,  gSf. Simpfon,  31 1,  363,  364,  366,496. Sinnington,  603. Sinus  portuosus,  22,  23,  34,  35. Sipclear,  263 Sirmundus,  400. Sithrick,  78,  78. Sitomagus,  39. Sivcna,  587,  607. Siward,  81,  82,  83,  258,  349,  371,  578. ■ - how,  597. Sixendale,  393. Sixtus,  p.  539. Skagergill,  334. Skarborough,  3Z9. Skarfc,  272 Skegnefs,  584,  586,  592,  602,  603,  605,  606,  609, 614,  615,  616,  617,  618,  619,  621,  622. Skeldergate,  266,  269,  280,  283. — — poftern,  133,  249,  262,  266,  382. Skell,  281. Skcli°n-  2l7>  *32.  275<  27^,  z8i,  361,  546,  551; 5°°>  5°7- Skidby,  451. Skinner,  42,  253,  363. Skip-bridge,  131,  166  398. Skippon,  1 71. Skipton,  19,  25,  1  86,  308,  363.  549,  551,  615. Skip  with  304,  317,  344,356,  379. bkray’nghain,  546 Ski, law  474,  476,  483,  j  14,  533,  564 okirtcmbeck,  592. Skirway,  59. Skypfe,  546,  547, Skyrefton,  41 1 Slade-Hutton,  551. Slake,  267,  308 Sledmore,  34,  344. Sleights,  308,  360. Slingfby,  168,252,  288,  354,  355  369,  382,  385,  396. Slunhowe,  259. Smalys,  275. Smalridge,  467. Smawes,  20 Smcdhalc,  364. Smert,  500. Smerthwait,  320. Smefton,  129,  286. Smith,  58,  175,  186,  2*zi,  252,  317,  361,  362,  364, 367,  375.  40+.  445- omitnlon,  173 Smithton,  592,  601,  607,  613. Smythe,  305,  31,,  3,3,  3J0,  3,7. Smythton,  583,  621. Snaith,  415,  61  8. Snathevel,  593. Snawden,  357.  362. Soawfdale,  363. Snawfell.  120,  393,  396. Snitcrton,  263. Snowdon,  175. Socaburg,  409. Socvayn,  608. 9 1 Sodor, INDEX. Sodor,  5J7,  539. Solomon,  125. -1 Solway.  100. Somarafs,  447. Somerfer,  109,  no,  376,  352,  389- Somerville,  352. Somner,  85,  258,  273,  282,  322. Sons,  501. Sophifter’s  hills,  459. Sorfby,  504,  567. Sotovagina,  92. Soudan,  335,  605,  606,  618,620,  62I. Sourcby,  361. Southe,  294,  362. Southcby,  365,  572 Southampton,  108,  150,  155.  349.  466- South-Henxfey,  456. South wrrk,  453. Southwell,  305,  410,  411,412,415,  416,4.17,  423, 431, 544, 446, 453, 455, 456. Sowray,  273,  286. so?.,.  349, 364, 494. Spacy,  366 Spain,  1 1 7,  129,  463. Spaniards,  178. Spark,  540. Sparry,  259. Spaitian,  10,  12,  13,  17. Spaunton,  584,  592,  607.  ^ Spawlainge,  259. Speed,  75,  128,  130,  250,  274,  284,  310,446,  57$. Spelman,  53,  78,  258,  408,  424. Spence,  120. Spencer,  101,  362,  363. Spennilhorn,  281. Spenlayne,  312,  316. Spny.  359*  360- Speyte,  264. Spicer,  326. Spillefby,  498. Spineto,  585,  592,  608. Spinke,  504. Spittal,  35. - beck,  36. SpofforcJ,  309,  372,  388,  390,  595. Spon,  120,  488. Sprottle,  356. Sproxton,  592. Spurnhead,  22,  30. Spurrier-gate,  29O,  292. Spurycr,  360. Squydemor,  695. Squire,  305,  321,  342,  366,  396,  570. Staalwardi,  614. Stadium,  25. Stafford,  105,  125,  560. Staines,  362 Stainburn,  592,  616. Stainbogh,  309,  310. Stainford,  336. Stain fordburg,  22,  32,  33,  34,  81. Stainfbrd-bridge,  84,  329,  489,  551. Stainforth,  4 50,  267,  327,  367. Staingate,  102- Stangiave,  551. Stainley,  335. Stainton,  290,  546. Stakelden,  592. Stamford,  39,  94,  127,  147,  274,  374. Standard,  92,  349. Standbowlayne,  312. Standeven,  364,  365. Standford,  24.9. Stanfield,  39. Stan  ground,  39. Stanhope,  1 3 2,  1+8.  288,34.5,1354,  369,  513,567,571. - park,  102,  104. Stanley,  108,  109,  121,  300,  361,  446,  51 1,  545. Stanwich,  464. Staple  of  wool,  229,  314. Stapeltona  de,  62 1 . Stapilton,  392. Stapleton,  14;,  148,  >49»  l8z»  32°>  325>  35*>  352> 354*  38z*  39°’  391'  392*  393*  394- Stapylton,  355,  455 Statius,  483. Stavcley,  212,  215,  247,  363,  364, Staynegate,  247,  322,  344. Staynegrave,  595,  623, Staynegrene,  361. Staynton,  313,  568,  593. Stjytb,  282,  283,  2S4. Staxton,  128. Steeton,  382. -  hall,  388. Steinford-burg,  84 Stcrefby,  593. St.  Stephen’s  church,  235,  327,  579. - chapel,  221,  235. Stephen,  king,  91,  180,  228,  229,  234,  324,  33y, 349*  384,  4' 7 - earl,  584,  585. ■ - abbot,  579. Stephenfon,  358,  365,  367. Sterne,  292,  464,  465,  505,  524,  540,  567. Stevens,  319,  444,  479,  481,  $19. Stevenfon,  128,  291. Stewart,  1 7 1 ,  174. Stigand,  412. Stilicho,  49. Stillingbec,  286. Stillingfleet,  26,28,  50,  71,  255,  281,400,401,552 Stillington,  552,  286,  290,  361,  461,  550,  551. Stiveton, Stockdale,  160,  310,  363. Stocke,  358. Stockfield,  360. Stockton,  276,  357,  362,  363,  366,  367,  551. Stoddert,  275,  276. Stodhat,  614- Stokam,  551. Stoke,  125. Stokes,  359,  360,  588. Stokefley,  375,  546,  592. Stonegate,  221,  330,  343,  570,  571 Stonehenge,  26. Stones,  567. Stone- wall-clofe,  249. Stopeflcy,  447. Stopford,  294,  327. Storre,  294. Stotby,  593. Stotharte,  24,  25. Stoutville,  92,  341,  37Z,  373. Stowe,  1,  2,  101,  105,  128,  129,  130,  131,  i8q, 284,  446,  448,  450. Strabo,  5  5 . Strafford,  140,  141,  142,  51 1,  522,  534,  559,  564 Straingham,  592. Straker,  364. Strange,  150. Strangewayes,  345,  353,  363. Stratton-haul,  263. Straunge,  199. Street- houfes,  21. Srjiete,  21. Strenfale,  35,  361,  363,  439,  550. Stretton,  592. Streynfhall,  405- Strickhill,  361. Strickland,  147,  149,  289,  337,  354,  369. Stripe,  4,  540. Struther,  130. Stubbas,  264. Stubbs,  265,400,  407,  409,  411,  412,415,  417, 418,  419,  423,  428,  429,  430,  431,  473,  476, 490,  491. Stukely,  38,  60. Sturton,  552. Stuteville,  334.  335,  351,  585,  586,  587,  589,590. 592,  594,  610. Style,  494. Styveton,  388,  391. Suardby,  551. Sudewell,  248. Suetonius,  14,  25. Suffolk,  39. - ftrect,  469. -  houfe,  453. Sugar,  342. Sulpicia, INDEX. Sulpicia,  38. Sumery,  589. Sunderland,  175. -  wick,  593  - Sunley,  365. Suppe,  605,  618. Surcby,  34. Surrey,  99,  122,  126,  127. Suflcx,  129,  406. Suttlc,  367. Sutton,  Z57,  307,  359,  360,  361,  366,  451,  478, 5+'.  S+v  546.  55'.  587.  59z>  597.  598.  602. Sutthorpe,  592,  608,  617. Suthwodc,  269. Suthwell,  541,  544,  546. Swain,  81,  87,  90,  270. Swale,  233,  281,  355,  391,  585,  587,  590. Swayic,  267. Swann,  364,  570. Swanlanct,  361. Sweating-licknefs,  128. Swetmouth,  292,  361. Swerd,  361. Swcyne,  489. Swift  Nick,  377. Swinburn,  377,  503. Swinc-gatc.  346. Swinflete,  28,  614. Swine-market,  309. Swintunc,  336. Swyllington,  6zo. Swy negate,  322, Swynburn,  344. Swyfi,  354,  369. Sylia,  64. Symnel,  125. Synningth waite,  395,  396. T. TAbk  of  Founders,  528. Tacitus,  2,  5,  7,  18,  z6x  59,  63„4QO>  418. Tadcafter,  19,  21,  25,  26,  33,  54*  no,  m,  129, 160,  i6t,  167,  168,  175,  199,  245,  382,.  3 §9, 390,  484,  566. -  — —  moor,  zo. ■ - bridge,  126,132,  133,  134,  *  S5»  1 75»  39®- Tadiacus,  401,  414. Tailerand,  559,  563. Tait,  622. Tailyor,  588. Talbot,  32,  217,  353,  368. Talcacefter,  21. Tallboys,  585,  586,  587,  588,  589,  594-  . Talliator,  583. Talken,  361. Tamton,  605. Tancred,  273,  355,  368,  369, Taneleiby,  263. Tanfield,  275,  281,  496. Tankeriley,  31;. Tankard,  222. Tankarder,  272. Tankerfield,  375. Tanner,  627. Tanner-row,  274. Tannock,  356. Tanfhelf,  19. Tanton-pigs,  315. Tarentum,  538. Tarre,  290. Taviftock,  41 1. Taunton,  436. Taurinus,  400,  401,  414. Tayker,  259. Taylier,  320. Tayleboice,  385. Taylor,  252,  366. Taylorhall-lane,  316. - - hofp.  236. Tayte,  120,  121,  123,  363. Teafman,  296. Ted  worth,  58. Teife,  fl.  35,  37,  587. Tcmpeft,  127,  353,  354,  368. Temple,  84,  86,  364,  365. Tenant,  366. Tcne,  386. Tendew,  361. Tertullian,  20,  400. Tcrrick,  504. Tefdale,  29 7. Telb,  495. Teftard,  424. Tetricus,  29. Tew,  363. Tewkefbury,  445,  562. Tewfon,  290. Teyes,  202. Teylc,  339. Thames,  2,  199,  2.00,  231. Thanes,  234. Thaner,  150. Thapcthorpe,  545. Theobald,  421,  580. Theodore,  403,  4.05,  406,  407,  535,  536. Theodofius,  48,  67. Thefeus,  178. Thetford,  39,  409,  540. Thevcdale,  484. Thirntofts,  593. St.  Thomas,  Martyr,  421,  428,  449,  550. - chapel,  221. - hofp.  236,  246,  247,  315. - day,  1 20,  217. Thomas!.  233,  4,3,  4i4,  473,  4s3,  489,  536.537, 53®.  S39.  5+z.  147.  557.  S66.  567.  579- - -  U.  415,  416,  490. Thomliofon,  317. Thompfon,  1 71,  176,  209,  222,  231,  232,  238,  280, 283,  285,  286,  290,  297,  302,  305,  308,  355, 3SS>  364’  365,  366.  367,  393,  534. Thorciby,  28,  57,  58,  59,  63,  66,  256,  286,  290, 3°5.  3i7.  322,  361,  398,  434.  435.  474.  475. 476,  486,  491,  518,  521,  58*. Thoren,  501. Thorefthorpc,  551, Thorle,  2  70. Thorn,  341,  500. Thornburgh,  559,  565. Thorndike,  366. Thornton,  260,  267,  270,  295,  326,  362,  363, 364.  S27>.  545.  5®4.  593.  595,  603,  607,  6l2. ■ - Rifebrough,  36. - houfe,  614. Thornthon,  615. Thorpe,  171,  249s  2S1,  3 1 3,  318,  337,  363,  367, 384>  395»  396>  426,  434,  441,  444,  478,  500, 542.  545»  546.  593,  603,  623. Thorpe-arch,  381,  382,  390,  393,  394. Thorpe  S.  Andrew,  383. - - —  MaJbyfs,  248. • - fuper  Oufe,  248. Thouloufe,  436. Thrdk.  357,  389.  54s,  54.6. Thrcplind,  320. Thrufkc,  362,  363. Thrufh,  229. - lane,  284. - gate,  262. Thurcrofs,  342. Thurgefton,  593. Thurgood,  345. Thurlby,  39. Thurkelby,  204,  325,  546. Thurfday-marker,  214,  220,  242,  323,  324. Thurftan,  9,,  247,  2+8,  397,  4,6,  4,7>  473,  536, 537.  53®.  560.  53 Thurltanland,  335. Thurverton,  22 1. Thuup,  72. Thwaites,  163,  326,  393. Thweng,  286. Tickhill,  360,  361,  c8i. Tilbury,  326. Tildefley,  340,  370. Tilford,  274. Tillemyre,  587. Tilyard,  167,  169. Tinmack,  360. Tintern, INDEX. Tintern,  378. Tilpin,  305. Tireman,  321. Tiny,  358. Tockecr,  263. Tockwith,  382,  395,  396. Todd,  252,  262,  296,  361,  363,  365. Todcnai,  584,  586,  587,  588,  590,  592, Toft-grcen,  273. Togati,  1 79. Token,  357. Toll-booth,  194,  324. Toller,  278,  279,  360. Tollerton,  3,  551. Tolfon,  175,  379. Tomlinfon,  227,  297,  309,  310,  364,  367. Tone,  297,  3 1 1 . Tompfon,  174. Tonge,  120,  252,  303,  363,  452. Tonfon,  340. Topcliffe,  129,  1 3 1 ,  284,  294,  361,  385,  545,  546, 55'.  S62- Topham,  222,  271,  282,  341,  358,  365,  366. — -  ftaith,  282. Topwith,  167. Toraldus,  481,  544. Tortnton,  593. Tockfey,  39. Torp,  605. Torre,  250,  251,  253,  254,  255,  264,  267,  271, 277,  278,  283,  284,  285,  286,  298,  310,  315, 327*  377.  3SS.  397.  433.  435.  445.  449.  455. 459.  472.  474.  477.  478.  479.  4S3.  512.  S2°. 529>  53/.  534.  535,  539-  544-  545.  558,  559, 563,  565.  S66,  568,  5%.  57°.  57'.  582.  594, 595- T  ofty  or  Tofto,  8>.  82,  83,84,348,411,412,489. Toulthorpe,  302,  361. Tourain,  263. Tournay,  127,  450. Tours,  370,  371,  423. Tower,  426,  445,  446,  452. Towers,  366. Townes,  263,  367. Towthorpe,  321,  363,  551. Towton,  110,  111,  306. Trafford,  386,  567. Traheru',  48. Trajedhis  ad  Vallum,  39. Tranf-tyberim,  8,  226. Tremoille,  51 1. Trent,  28,  29,  39,  88,  237,  281,  333. Trefch,  335. Trcwc,  295,  357,  365. Trickingh..m,  581. Triers,  431 St.  Trinity’s  pryory,  250,  263,  264,  273,  274,  275, — - church,  Mickle-gate,  237, - Gotheramgate,  23;,  237, 57°,  583,  620. ■ - Conyng-garth,  319. - chapel,  235. • - garden,  265. - hofpital,  301. - lane.  265,  270,  2-4 - hall,  458 - yard,  59,  60. Trinobantes,  7. Troja-nova,  2. Trojans,  1.  2.  8. Trolop,  1 10,  111,  284. Trotter,  568. Troy,  2. Trufbut,  271,  389,  396. Trumwyn,  407. TtulFey,  257. Tuck,  361. Tudefham,  593. Tuel,  606. Tughler.  360. Tully.  483. Tullia,  45. Tumbert,  407. Tunflal,  126,  367,  551,  jSj 243. 243,  254,  317. Turbut,  291,  355. Turchet,  591. Turgis,  229,  622. Turks,  55. Turkyll,  87,  90. Turman-hall,  281. Turner,  221,  222,  355,  358,  365,  368. Turp,  602. Turpin,  362,  598. Tufco  Bel lon a,  n. Tweed,  85,  173. Tweng,  201,  284. Twyfelton,  361. Tyber,  8. Tyburn,  127,  171,  398. Tylpin,  308. Tyne,  71,  78. Typhon,  62. Tyreman,  222,  366. Tyrians,  26. Tyrrel,  312,  446. Tyfon,  589. Tyverington,  290. Tyrwit,  352.  t  a V,  U. VAughan,  354,  362,  369. Vaillanr,  61.  ■  * Valenciennes,  114. Valentia,  204. Valentinian,  48. Valerian,  24. Valoignes,  566 Valois,  104. Van  Trump,  162. Vane,  357. Vafiliwifch,  129. Vatican,  417. Vavafour,  ,69,  267,  273,  283,  343,  353,  354,  35;, 365,  368,  369,  389,  391,  393,  398,  399,  483, 484,  487,  496,  s' 9- Vaux,  222,  223,  365,  366. Ucchilt,  C03. Vendo,  606, Vendor,  259. Venice,  106. Venloe,  no. Venifon  Feaft,  185. Venus  Paphia.  26. Venutius,  400. Ver,  284 Verc,  319,  325,  326, Verdenell,  311,  360. Verdun,  585,  605. Verli,  610. Vermeidan,  231. Vcrulam,  58,  124,  125,  127. Verftegan.  2,  3,  30,  32,  180. Vertue,  65. Vefcy,  36,  275,  309,  389,  587,  588. Vefta,  45. Uggleforth,  316,  570. Ughtred,  356,  393,  396. Vicars,  291,  364. • - -  lane,  570. Vicaria  Leod  435. Vidtor,  1 7,  1 79. Viftorinus,  482. Victoriae  Britan.  61. Vienna,  59,  431. Viennenfis  prov.  59. Villars,  188. Vincent,  275. Vindamora,  22. Vindonian  camp.  47. Vino v  ia,  22. Vinnovium,  22. Virgi],  58,  370,  483. Virgil  Polyd.  117,  418,  424,  452,  539. Virius  Lupus,  9. Vitruvius,  n,  27,  57,  338. St.  Viveants,  53. Ulphus,  254,  257.  481,  52;,  554,  555,  572, UJpian,  16,  19,  20,  30,  179. U%, INDEX. Ullby,  305. Ulfter,  350. Ulfway-bridge,  281. Ulvefton,  336. Umfrevile,  389. Undewall,  313- Underwood,  500. Ungton,  593  • Univerfity  college,  379 Vortimer,  68. Vortigern,  67,  68. Vorftius,  378. Uplcathom,  543. Upeden,  352. Upfal,  303. Urban,  246,  414*  435’  43^»  474' Ure,  22,  24,  25,  28,  226. Urin,  291. Urfatus,  10,  55. Urftwyck.  559,  564. Urlus,  413. Ufe,  fl.  201,  202, Ufeburn,  360,  362,  395,  551,  566. Ufegatc,  292,  297,  359,  583,  486. Usfletc,  352,  362,  593,  614. U  flier,  399,  400. Uikelf,  398. Uther,  69. Uthred,  81. Uvegate,  592. Uxelodunu\1,  541. W. WAda,  35. Waddington,  566. Wade,  365. Wade’s  caufey,*} ■  grave,  5 Wadfworth,  365. Waghen,  361,  551,  562,  567. Wagftaff,  345. Waide,  365. Wake,  99. Wakefield,  109,  161,  341,  350,  42;,  567. Walcher,  349. Wald,  303,  360. Waldby,  361,  374,  436. Walden,  559,  564. Waldcve,  586. Waldingius.  592. Waleburn,  336. Walecote,  606. Waleburg,  605. Wales,  48,  101,  120,  122,  142,  157,  225,  229, 379,  402,  453,  547,  549,  551’  599- Waleys,  393,  396,  585. Walingate,  304. Walins,  590. Walkingham,  396,  397. Walkingham,  396,  397. Walkington,  591,  610. Walklyn,  41 5- Walker,  308,  317,  328,  342. Walle,  545. Wallen- wells,  551. Wallenfis,  351. Waller,  176,  210,  358,  366,  367,  599,  600,  601. Walling- fen,  231. Wall-rig,  232. Wallfcnd,  22. Walmgace,  63,  133,  221,  245,  248,  304,  306,  344, 583. - bar,  34,  1 21,  162,  163,  164,  175,  250, 262,  308, -  ward,  1 84. Walter,  221,  222,  257,  317,  390,  424,  537,  538, 558,  560,  605. Waltham.  323,  394. Waltheof,  81,  88,  89,  90,  371,  349. Walton,  360,  380,  382,  384,  394,  395,  610. Waltrith,  39 Walfingham,  108,  438. Walfl),  361. Walworth,  131. Wandesford,  317,  354,  368,  496,  521. Wanhop,  595. Wanlcfs,  341. »  -  -  ■  park,  281 Wanflaw,  281. Wanton,  508. Waplowe,  545. Warbeck,  125,  126. Warburton,  19,  552. Ward,  56,  59,  199,  248,  252,  306,  352,  357,  361, 362,  498,  572,  601 . Wardefmark,  551. Wardell,  276. Warf,  336. Warren,  99,  527,  580. Wartcrhill,  594 Warthill,  302,308,  359,  360,362,615. - houfe,  572. Warton,  354,  457. Wartyr,  32,  252,  271,  272,  285,  357,  362,  363, 445- Warwick,  g9,  100,  up,  112,  113,  114,  129,  266, 275,  444,  571,  579,  594. - —  caftle,  86. Waryn,  250. Wafland,  593,  606. Wafle,  366. Wafhenburg,  39. Wafhes,  39. Wafhford,  40. Wately,  278. Water,  130,355,499. Waterland,  567. Watcrhoufe,  339. Waterton,  353,  354. Watcr-Foulford,  231.  281. •  - lanes,  281,  284. -  works,  331. Wath,  289,  505. Watingham,  287. Watkinfon,  314,  365. Watlingate,  34,  1  04,  250,  304,  366. •  ■  ■  ■  ftreet,  19,  24,  26,  394. Watman,  366, Watfbn,  171,  175,  222,  223,  357,  364,  363,  366, 5u. Watter,  298,  311,  365. - hofp.  309. Watton,  290,  452,  593. Waud,  367. Waxand,  202. Waynd,  366. Way  then,  298. Weatherhead,  394. Weaverthorpe,  551. Webfter,  479. Weddal,  221,  223,  364,  365. Weder,  601. Wederhall,  594,  602,  614,  627. Wederfel,  250. Wed  worth,  551. Weeks,  511. Weighton,  22,  30,  31,  416, Weightelbergh,  30. Weightman,  286. Weland,  3  61,  680. Welburn,  367. Welland  fl.  39. Welle,  320,  568. Welles,  111,  1 14,  121,  296,  323,  363,  440,  463. Wendefley,  294.. Wentworth,  168,  260,  353,  354,  355,  370,  377,  432> 4Sz,  456,  5 1 1 . Wenflaw-bridge,  281. Werkdike,  327. Werkington,  594. Werland,  621. Weft,  286. Weftbe,  268. Weftcalland,  545. Weftminfter,  91,  100,  ur,  127,  142,  174,  187,195, ,200,  204,211,  274,  349,  379,  380,  413,421,426, 434,  474,  458,  461,  463.  465> - - abbey,  436,  489. - -  Matthew,  409,  426,  438. 9  K  Wcftmorland, INDEX. Weftmorland,  71,  107,  150,266,  320,  368,438. Wefton,  559,  563. Weftphaling,  512. Weftriding,  398. Weftropc,  500, Wcftfex,  80,  403,  404. Wetherby,  21, 54.  59,129,130,  160,  161,  290,  382,  394. Wetherel,  128,  364. Wethcrhall,  580. Wctwang,  30;,  545,  546,  550.  551. Weverthorp,  552. Whalley,  593. Wharfe,  21,  54,  110,  199,  200,  20 7,  281,381,  382, 3S4.  394-  39s- Wharram,  531. — ■  -  cn  le  ftrect,  34. Wharton,  369,  390,  410,  414,  540,  577. Wheel-hall,  232 Wheelwright,  366. Whenby,  329,  546. Wherfe  fl.  19,  20. Whipma-Whopmagate,  310. Whitby,  35,  72,  407,  489,  546,  547,  578,  594- - abbey,  250. White,  120,  128,  160,  164,221,291,342,363,364. 366,  367,  382. Whitem,  360. White-hall,  142,  175,  211,  426,  446,  453,  542. Whitehead,  291,  367. Whitcclyffe,  545,  546. Whitfield,  364. Whitgift,  270,  281,  592,  599. - ferry,  133. Whithern,  423,  572. Whitlefea- mere,  39. Whitlock,  167. Whitfun-ale,  71. Whittaker,  31 1,  601. Whittington,  267,  358,  505. Whittingham,  358,  594. Whitton,  367. Whitwell,  275,  318. Whixley,  19,  361. Whyttling,  290. Wickham,  288,  386,  512,  515,  518,  559,  565,567. \Vicklefworth,  474. Wickliffites,  374. Wickwane,  420,  430,  567. Widcombe,  545. Widderington,  56,  70,136,  137,  *69,222,231,358, 568,  370,  552,  ;;6. Wigan,  311. Wighill,  382,  392. Wigginton,  551,  568. Wighton,  551. Wightman,  294. Wigot,  583. Wilberfofs,  64,  254,  363,  366,  500. Wilcocks,  364. Wilebeck,  606. Wilferus,  409. S.  Wilfrid,  79,  233,  271,  405,  406,  407,  414,  472, 529.  533.  54*- Wilfrid  II.  408. St.  Wilfrid’s  church,  235,  331,  373,  573. Wilkins,  45. Wilkinfon,  186,  305,  355,  358,  365,  366. St.  William,  248,  280,  301,  417,  418,  430,  433,  473, 481,  486,  490,  529. St.  William’s  college,  144,  236,  570,  571. - chapel,  280. William the conqueror,  86,  87. ,  88, 89,  90,  91 .  94- 180, 217, 265,  274, 286, 290, 3*i. 332, 348, 3S°» 412. 1  4>3.  4'4. 4*5. 489, 536, 537. 538, 573, 579, .  583.  588, 59°» 59 1  > 592, 593. 594. Rufus,  578,  579, ,  5  So, 586, 1  587. 588, 59*. 594. 599. 002. —  - HI-  577.  599 - -  king  of  Scots,  93,  97,  202. -  duke,  84,  86. - of  the  abbey,  257. Williamlon,  291,  329,  363,  366,367,  370,462,463. Willis,  248,  409,  410,  41  1,  412,427,452,  453,454, 46i>  479»  559»  560,  563,  564,  565,  569,595. Willoughby,  111,  124,  150,  iy5,  5-72,  593. 363,  364,  365  366,  367  540 -  hofpital,  304. Wilfthorp.  39,  381,  382,  392  393,  6  9. Wilton,  268  542,  545,  582,  609,  620. Wiltlhire,  438. Wilughby,  305. Wimundus,  409. Wimbleton,  551. Winchetter,  ;8,  IOI,  137,  144,  304,  375,  40;,  4,0j 4i8,  455.  449.  45°-  46'-  SJ6>  537- Wlndfor,  1,6,  417,  445,  536,  537. Winder,  363. Winferton,  305. Winkburn,  362. Winn,  186,  269. Winterfkelf,  308,  367. Winton,  197,  542,  566,^594. Wintringham,  29,  331,  337. Wintrington,  594. Wiftow,  218,  280,  360,  426,  546,  547,  550. Witbeienfis,  617. Witewell,  247,  336. Witham  fl.  39. Withington,  609. Witrene,  593. Witten-gemot,  93. Witton,  276. Wittintun,  395. Woden,  71. Wode-apelton,  584,  607 Wodfetts,  551. Wolds,  15,  32. Wolferton,  311. Wolfgrave,  180. Wollington,  386. Wolfey,  426,  439,  440,  453,504,  539,  565. Wollington,  389, Wolftan,  79. Wolveden,  568. Womme,  356,  360. Wombwell,  380,  395. Wood,  290,  291,  365,  366,  367,  378,  379,  389,450, 456  463,  464,  465,  534,  540,  595. Woodhoufe,  336. Woodyeare,  343. Wooler,  495. Wooton.  568. Worall,  360. Worcefter,  379,  389,  409,  410,  411,412,  413,  414, 415,416,  425,  434,  453,  454,  466,  536,  579,  564. Word,  297. Worleby,  552. Wormefworth,  593. Wortley,  147.  35  ,,  369' Wottelyngeftretc,  620. Wotton,  255,  559,  565. Wouchum,  580. Woulf,  540. Wpetun,  623. Wrangwilh.  1 14,  120,  I23,  298.  357,  363. Wranby,  363, Wrayby,  361. Wreach,  361. Wrelington,  607. Wrelton,  275. Wreflel,  599. - -  caille,  120,  1 2J . Wrctteby,  601. Wreth,  594 Wrew-hewel,  336. Wright,  128,  21 1,  278,  311,  319,  327,  363,  364 Wrightfon,  355,  394. Wudeftoke,  605. Wulphcre,  406. Wullius,  409. Wulftan,  409,  410. —  11. 4ii.  ; Wyatt,  308,  556. Wycombe,  562. Wycliffe,  297. Wye,  442. Wyhale,  390. Wylde,  364. Wyles,  294,305,  360, Wyleby,  317. Wyling- Wylingham,  Z52. Wylton,  502. Wylwetoft,  602. Wyman,  300,  361,  362. Wymar,  580. Wymundc,  539. Wymondefwold,  566. Wyndefore,  121,  122. Wynadsfell,  336. Wynewycks,  568. Wynehill,  344. Wynton,  6x4. Wynne,  355. Wyntringham,  323. Wyott,  317. Wyrel,  512. Wyrch,  59Z. Wyrnal,  496. Wyrton,  617. Wyrkefdyke,  316. Wytegift,  616. Wyten,  248,  362. Wyfett,  627. Wyveleftorp,  615. Wyverthorpe,  568. Wyvil,  303,  337,  341,  354. Y. YApam,  287. Yarborough,  253,  340,  355. Yarewcll,  252,  290,  568. INDEX. Yarum,  390,  546. Yates,  329. Yer«by,  361. Yelverton,  376. Yllingwyke,  276. Yole,  390. Yoole-day,  190,  191,  196. Yoolc-girth-ol,  197. Yolthorp,  551. Yo'kc,  229,  252,  263,  278,  279,  357,  361;  390. York-caftle,  221,  286,  287. Yorkfture,  58,  71,  125,  127,  i6j,  174,  263,  287, 333,  349,  36S,  452,  580,  594. -  gentry,  139,  140,  157,  160. Yorkifts,  iio,  jii. York- field,  106. Youle,  318,  361. Young,  .34,  221,  311,  358,  369,  454,  491,  JI0; 540,  559,  565.  3 Yoward,  269. Yrebi,  3364 Yreland,  305. Yricus,  81. Yuletide,  71. Yure,  201,  102. Yurewic,  3. Yewdale,  365. 1. Zacharia,  papa,  408. 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