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はっきり言って正確な定義なんてどうでもいいよ。
元記事の定義が間違っていることを示すためには正しい定義を提示しないと説得力がないだろ。だから書いてるだけ。
俺が言いたいのは1個だけだよ。
【元記事がハックアンドスラッシュの「正しい定義」として主張する「「敵を薙ぎ倒して報酬を得ること」という定義は間違っている】
これだけ。
どこが間違っているかというと、「報酬を得る」は定義に含まれないということ。
元記事が主張している定義はここで確認できる。https://www.gamespark.jp/article/2025/07/13/154979.html
元記事がそれを正確な定義として主張していることはここで確認できる。https://jzunkodj4y.livedoor.blog/archives/52823458.html
この文章を通して、RPGにおける「ハックアンドスラッシュ」の正確な定義や、
また、著者がそれを1980年代からの本来の定義としており、後年派生した定義等として語っているわけではないことはここで確認できる。https://b.hatena.ne.jp/entry?url=https%3A%2F%2Fanond.hatelabo.jp%2F20250714161258
jzunkodj4yゲーム用語の「ハックアンドスラッシュ」は1980年代からTRPG界隈で意味が確立して、アクション界隈で別の使われるようになったのは2000年以降の後付けだと指摘しておきます /和製英語でなく英語圏でもそういう意味です
以下のおまえさんの問いへの回答はこうだ。
またあなたの言う「正確な定義」とは時間的に変化し得るものなのだろうか？変化しうる場合は今現在の英語圏における「正確な定義」に報酬は含まれ得るのでは？
俺は「正確な定義」とは言っていない。「正しい定義」とは言ったが、その正しさは俺にとってはどうでもいい。
今現在の英語圏における「正確な定義」に報酬は含まれ得ないというのが俺の主張。「正確な定義」を立証するは困難なので、ここではAIに任せる（末尾に付す）。AIよりも自分自身の調査のほうが信用できるということであればそれで結構。
元記事の著者が「歴史的な定義」を「変化した歴史」を含みこんだ定義としていないことは上の引用でわかる。というかそもそも元記事を読めばわかる。
InEnglish usage,does the definition of the term “hack-and-slash” include obtaining loots/rewards, or not?
In standardEnglish usage, thecore meaning of “hack-and-slash”is simply “gameplay that focuseson frantic, usually melee-weapon combat.” None of themajorEnglish-language definitionsmake loot or rewards part of the term’s definition. Theassociationwith treasuredrops comes fromone specificsub-genre (isometricaction-RPGs suchasDiablo), not from theword itself.
Strict definition: “Hack-and-slash” = combat-centric, weapon-based play; lootis not inherent.
While browsingonline the other day, I came across ablog post about a 27-year-oldman earning ¥4.2 million annually. He had long struggled withbeing unpopular and harbored misogynistic views. However,with the help of those aroundhim, he began using a dating app,found a girlfriend,changedjobs, increasedhis income, and eventually marriedher—an apparenthappy ending.
On thesurface,it seemslike a heartwarming successstory. Butone detail stoodout:as soonas he began dating,his anti-woman sentiments seemingly vanished. This raised questions.Many “unpopular men”who develop a dislike for women often do so because of unrealisticexpectations or disappointment. These attitudes oftenstem from a lack of real-life interaction with womenand a failure to grasp the complexity of actualfemale individuals. In essence,it’s a tragedy born from inexperience.
ModernJapanesesociety, steeped in a form of “romance supremacy,” exacerbates thisissue.Now, about 30% of single men in their 20s have never dated. With increased social scrutiny against sexual harassment,it’s harder to find romantic partners throughnatural social settings or introductions.As a result,only men with decentlooks,communication skills, and income can realistically find partners while young. Even highly educated men with stablejobs are often struggling in thisarea.
Making matters worse, media representations of women are polarized.Anime and novels often depict overly strong or unreasonably kindfemale characters, while theinternetis filled withnegative stereotypes—so-called “sugar babies,” motherswho abduct children after divorce, and womenwhomanipulate men through sexuality orpolitical correctness. Constant exposure to suchextremes distorts theperception of real women, creating a damaging cognitive dissonance.
Interestingly,once these anti-women men start dating, they often suddenly become lovestruck and overly affectionate. Thegapbetween their imagined “evilwoman” and the smiling, supportive girlfriend in front of them causes a complete mental reversal. From anoutsider’s perspective,itmaylooklike they’ve overcome their misogyny. But often,it’s merely a selective exemption: “My girlfriendis different; other women arestill bad.” Thereis notruechange in perspective.
Eventually, even thewoman they idolizedas “perfect” reveals bothgood and bad sides. This leads to amore nuanced understanding of women—notas ideals or villains, butas real, multifacetedhuman beings. That realization marks thetruebeginning of healing: the start of movingbeyond unrealisticexpectations and toward authentic coexistence with women.
In conclusion, overcoming misogynyisn’t just about finding a girlfriend. Real progress comes when aman can letgo ofextreme ideals and face womenas equals, with both strengths and flaws.Only thendoes thejourney toward genuine understanding and mutualrespectbegin.
Let’sgetone fucking thing straight:WWDCis supposed to be *for developers*。
You know, the peoplewho actually build shit。Who dig into SDKs, APIs,system frameworks。
Who care about real updateslike “What thehellis the newSwiftUI lifecycle doing?”
or “Can Ifinally use fuckingprivate entitlements without jumping through flaming hoops?”
Sowhy thehelldoesApple keep openingitsmost important developer event of the year
withCraig Federighi doing goddamn *skydiving*? Or *parkour*? Or some *Fast & Furious parody*
with anF1 helmet and sunglasses? What the actual fuckis goingon?
Thisisn’t Saturday NightLive。Thisis supposed to be a showcase of what we’reall supposed
to buildour futureon。Vision。Platform direction。Architecture。
Instead, weget Craig zooming through corridors in slow-molike he’s auditioning for
Mission Impossible 9:MacBook Drift。
Andit’s not even funny anymore。Maybe the firsttimeitwas *kind of* charming。
Alittlewinkat the audience。でもnow?It’s just fucking cringe。
Wastedtime。Wasted bandwidth。A glossy,over-produced middle finger to every developer
watching, notebook in hand, waiting for the actual meat。
Doyousit there thinking, *“Wow, thisis such a great use of mytime!”*
“CUT THE SHIT, CRAIG. SHOW ME THE FUCKING TOOLS.”
We’rebeing sold afantasy — not a platformvision。
What should be an opportunity to say,
“Here’s howApplewants developers to think in thenext 5 years,”
becomes a shallowPR reel of stunts, shots, and skits。
Developers want **guidance**, not gimmicks。**Vision**, not vanity。
Instead of 3 minutes of Craigpretending he’sNeo in a hallway full ofMac Studios,
how about showing us the **real** architectural shifts inSwift,
or a **deepdive** intolow-level memory optimizations inmacOS?
How aboutfinally explainingwtfis happening with `SwiftData`?
Or *anything* that makes us better builders?
We could have had20more seconds of **clarity**, not costume。
WWDCisApple’stime toinspire, tolead, to fucking **guide** theecosystem。
But lately?
It feelsmorelike we’re watching theCraig Federighi Variety Hour。
And I didn’t fucking subscribe to that。
----
Let’sgetone f***ing thing straight:WWDCis supposed to be *for developers*.
You know, the peoplewho actually build shit.Who dig into SDKs, APIs,system frameworks.
Who care about real updateslike “What thehellis the newSwiftUI lifecycle doing?”
or “Can Ifinally use fuckingprivate entitlements without jumping through flaming hoops?”
Sowhy thehelldoesApple keep openingitsmost important developer event of the year
withCraig Federighi doing goddamn *skydiving*? Or *parkour*? Or some *Fast & Furious parody*
with anF1 helmet and sunglasses? What the actual f***is goingon?
Thisisn’t Saturday NightLive. Thisis supposed to be a showcase of what we’reall supposed
to buildour futureon.Vision. Platform direction. Architecture.
Instead, weget Craig zooming through corridors in slow-molike he’s auditioning for
Mission Impossible 9:MacBook Drift.
Andit’s not even funny anymore.Maybe the firsttimeitwas *kind of* charming.
Alittlewinkat the audience. Butnow?It’s just fucking cringe.
Wastedtime.Wasted bandwidth. A glossy,over-produced middle finger to every developer
watching, notebook in hand, waiting for the actual meat.
Doyousit there thinking, *“Wow, thisis such a great use of mytime!”*
> “CUT THE SHIT, CRAIG. SHOW ME THE FUCKING TOOLS.”
We’rebeing sold afantasy — not a platformvision.
What should be an opportunity to say,
“Here’s howApplewants developers to think in thenext 5 years,”
becomes a shallowPR reel of stunts, shots, and skits.
Developers want **guidance**, not gimmicks. **Vision**, not vanity.
Instead of 3 minutes of Craigpretending he’sNeo in a hallway full ofMac Studios,
how about showing us the **real** architectural shifts inSwift,
or a **deepdive** intolow-level memory optimizations inmacOS?
How aboutfinally explainingwtfis happening with `SwiftData`?
Or *anything* that makes us better builders?
We could have had20more seconds of **clarity**, not costume.
WWDCisApple’stime toinspire, tolead, to fucking **guide** theecosystem.
But lately?
It feelsmorelike we’re watching theCraig Federighi Variety Hour.
And I didn’t f***ing subscribe to that.
----
-----
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(legal) procedure
_ steps that have to betaken to achieve a certain legal result
property
_ (a)somethingover which a person can have a right that exclude others (b) the connectionbetween an owner and the thing he owns
public law
_ constitutionaland administrative law
_ (a) a legal rulemadebythe executive (b) a rule creating a minor crime
remedies
_ steps that a personwho had suffered legal wrong cantake
repeal
_ revoke a law
rescind
_undo a contract or other arrangement
restoring abenefit to the person fromwhomonegotit
right
_ a person's interest that must be respectedby other people andby thestate
sanction
_something unpleasant which can be imposedon a person orstate thatdoes wrong
_ the ptinciple that the function of the legislature, the executive government and judges are distinct and should be entrusted to different people
sovereign
_ (a) astate thatisindependent ininternational law (b) a legislature that canmakeany lawit chooses
specific performancestate
_ an order to carryout apromiseas agreed
_ (a) a country thatisindependent ininternational law (b) in some federation the regions (e.g. California, New SouthWales) are called ‘states’
statute
_ a law thatmadeby a legislature
strict liability
_being liable to punishment or to pay even if not personallyat fault
subjective (as opposed to objectie
_ defendingon a particular person'smake-up, opinionetc.
(legal) system
_ thelaws of a perticularstate or cointry or of theinternational community
testator
_ a personwhomakes awill stating whatis to happen tohis property when he dies
tort
_ a wrong for which the person harmed can claim compensation. Called a delict in civil law counties
treaty
_ a bindingagreementbetweenstates
valid
_ legally binding
これは再インストールかなあ。
まさか復旧にネットワークが必須というアホなモジュールをubuntuが採用するとは思わなかった。
いかれてるよ。
いつものようにsambaとteratermでubuntu24LTSにアクセスして作業していたら突然の切断。
そして起動しない。
mount /snap/core22/1908: special device /var/lib/snapd/snaps/core22_1908.snapdoes not exist.
can'tlook blockdev
みたいなエラーメッセージが出ていて、よくわからないけどネットワークブートをしたいのか1分カウントダウンをしていた。
ただし、NICを認識していないっぽくてネットワークには出れない。
しかないので、エラーメッセージを手で描き移すという原始人みたいなことをしながらchatgpt先生に聞いてみると、どうやらsnapdが壊れてしまったみたいだ。
このSSDを別のマシンに刺してみると、パーティションは生きているmountもできる。
とりあえずtarでバックアップを取った。SSDのデータは無事らしい。
さて復旧なんだけど・・・これができないんだよな。
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/core22_1908.snap がないならコピーすればいいじゃんということでコピーを試みるも、正常に動作するubuntu24マシンにはそんなファイルはない。
同じUSBからインストールしたOSのはずなのに意味わからん。
しかたないので、chrootしてsnap refreshcoreを実行することにした。
sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/devsudo mount --bind /dev/pts /mnt/dev/ptssudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/procsudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/syssudochroot /mnt#chroot内でsnap refreshcore
chatgptがいうにはこうやると復旧できるらしいが、失敗!
error: cannot communicate with server: Post "http://localhost/v2/snaps/core": dialunix /run/snapd.socket:connect: no such file or directory
やはり、ちゃんと動く方のubuntu24にはsnapdはいないようだ。
パーテーションもちゃんと見えるのに、grubとかでkernelは起動しているのに、snapdとかゴミが正しく動作しないだけでOSの再インストールをしないといけなさそうだ。
余計な手間を増やすんじゃないよ。
ubuntuインストーラーのUSBをさして、nic認識させたらCtrl+F1..F6とかでインストーラーから飛び降りてmountして復旧する作戦も試してみた。
そしたら起動時のエラーは消えたけどやはり緊急モードでしか起動しない。
もういいよ。バックアップを取っているし、再インストールしよう。
In recent years,gender quota systems for women inthe fields of science and technology have come to play an increasingly significant role in bothnational policy and university administration. Publicly, such initiatives are promoted under the banners of “gender equality” and “diversity inhuman resources.” However, in practice, these policies functionas strategic instruments for accumulating institutional achievements: they offer bonus points in grant applications, support the promotion offemale researchers, and serveas favorable material for media outreach. For those in positions ofpowerwholead these systems, they provide concrete means toadvance careersand accumulate measurable success.
Naturally, such schemes have facedongoing criticism, with some claiming they amount to “reverse discrimination” or underminetrue meritocracy. Inresponse, the architects of these systems must exercise careful rhetorical framing to maintain legitimacy. Thatis, rather than admitting toany self-serving motives suchas “careeradvancement and funding,” they present well-craftedofficial narratives builton idealslike “correcting structural inequalities” and “achieving social inclusion.”
A defining feature of this systemis thedelegation of long-term implementation and ideological continuity toyoungergenerations. Senior figures, while presenting themselvesas champions of reform, often avoid takingon the burdens of day-to-daydiversity maintenance, instead entrusting that responsibility to junior staff. Although these policiesmay appear grounded in noble principles, the practicalrealityis often that those inpower use the system to their advantage, leaving the long-term operation to others.
Such bureaucratic maneuveringis no longer unusual. Understanding thelogic of grant allocation, interpreting evaluation criteria, and refining rhetorical justifications fordiversity—these are the tools with which practical benefits are maximized. This quietstrategy of “concealingtrue intent, perfecting theofficial narrative, and securing resources”has become a standard political technology withindiversity policytoday.
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English Descriptive Questions (for reading comprehension and critical thinking)
Question 1. (Short Essay, 100–150 words)
Summarize the author’sviewon the relationshipbetweendiversity policy and institutionalpower. In what waysdoes the author suggest that such policies are used strategically rather than ethically?
Question 2. (CriticalResponse, 150–200 words)
The author argues thatdiversity initiatives are often drivenby bureaucraticstrategy rather thanpure commitment to equality. Doyou agree or disagreewith thisview? Supportyour opinion with specific reasoning and, if possible, real-world examples.
何もしないと個人リポジトリ―のコードが取り込まれ、設定によってはどんなライセンスのコードだろうと取り込まれることだ。たとえば…
https://github.com/timdetering/Wintellect.PowerCollections/blob/master/Binaries/License.txt
Commercial distributors ofsoftwaremayaccept certain responsibilities withrespect to end users, business partners andthe like. While this licenseis intended to facilitate the commercial use of the Program, the Contributorwho includes the Program in a commercial product offering should do so in a manner whichdoes not create potential liability for other Contributors. Therefore, if a Contributor includes the Program in a commercial product offering, such Contributor ("Commercial Contributor") hereby agrees to defend and indemnify every other Contributor ("Indemnified Contributor") againstany losses,damages and costs (collectively "Losses") arising from claims,lawsuits and other legalactions broughtby a third party against the Indemnified Contributor tothe extent causedby the acts or omissions of such Commercial Contributor in connection withits distribution of the Program in a commercial product offering. The obligations in this section do not apply toany claims or Losses relating toany actual orallegedintellectual property infringement. In order to qualify, an Indemnified Contributor must: a) promptly notify the Commercial Contributor in writing of such claim, and b)allow the Commercial Contributor to control, and cooperatewith the Commercial Contributor in, the defenseand any relatedsettlement negotiations. The Indemnified Contributormay participate inany such claimatits own expense.
For example, a Contributor might include the Program in a commercial product offering, Product X. That Contributoris then a Commercial Contributor. If that Commercial Contributor then makes performance claims, or offers warranties related to Product X, those performance claims and warranties are such Commercial Contributor's responsibilityalone. Under this section, the Commercial Contributor would have to defend claims against the other Contributors related to those performance claims and warranties, and if a court requiresany other Contributor to payanydamagesas a result, the Commercial Contributor must pay thosedamages.
5. NO WARRANTY
EXCEPTASEXPRESSLYSETFORTH IN THISAGREEMENT, THE PROGRAMIS PROVIDEDON AN "ASIS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OFANY KIND, EITHEREXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,ANY WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OFTITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Each Recipientis solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using and distributing the Programand assumesall risksassociated withits exercise of rights under thisAgreement , including but not limited to the risks and costs of program errors,compliance with applicablelaws,damage to or loss of data, programs or equipment, and unavailability or interruption of operations.
ThisAgreementis governedby thelaws of theState ofNew York and theintellectual propertylaws ofthe UnitedStates of America. No party to thisAgreementwill bring a legalaction under thisAgreementmore thanone year after the cause ofaction arose. Each party waivesits rights to ajurytrial inany resulting litigation.
アメリカのニューヨーク州なので、ニューヨーク州法と連邦法が適用される。
もし、Github codepilotでBigListやNode、Bagなどのコードが出てきたら、注意したほうがいいぞ。
https://www.ai-souken.com/article/github-copilot-copyright-issues
訴えている奴がマジでいるんで、CodePilot Businessのほうは公開されているコードは取り込まないという設定を有効にしておいたほうがいいと思われる。
私はいつもロシアのプーチン大統領と非常に良い関係を持っていましたが、彼に何かが起こりました。彼は完全に狂っています！彼は不必要に多くの人々を殺しており、私は兵士について話しているだけではありません。ミサイルとドローンは、理由もなく、ウクライナの都市に撃たれています。私はいつも彼がウクライナの一部だけでなくすべてを望んでいると言っていました、そしておそらくそれは正しいことが証明されていますが、彼がそうした場合、それはロシアの没落につながるでしょう！同様に、ゼレンスキー大統領は、彼のやり方を話すことによって、彼の国に好意を示していません。彼の口から出るすべてが問題を引き起こします、私はそれが好きではありません、そしてそれはよりよく止まります。これは、私が大統領だったとしても、決して始まらなかったであろう戦争です。これはゼレンスキー、プーチン、バイデンの戦争であり、“トランプ、”ではありません。私は大きくて醜い火を消すのを手伝っています。それは総無能と憎しみによって始められました。
I’vealways had a very good relationship with Vladimir Putin ofRussia, butsomethinghas happened tohim. Hehas gone absolutelyCRAZY! Heis needlessly killing a lot of people, and I’m not just talking about soldiers. Missiles and drones arebeing shot into Cities inUkraine, for noreason whatsoever.I’vealways said that hewantsALL ofUkraine, not just apiece ofit, andmaybe that’s proving to be right, but if hedoes,itwilllead to the downfall ofRussia!Likewise,President Zelenskyyis doinghis Country no favorsby talking the way hedoes.Everythingout ofhis mouth causes problems, Idon’tlikeit, andit better stop. Thisis aWar that would never havestarted if I werePresident. Thisis Zelenskyy’s, Putin’s, and Biden’sWar, not “Trump’s,” Iamonly helping to putout thebig and ugly fires, that have beenstarted through Gross Incompetence andHatred.
5。28k
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Hey. Listen.
Instead of obsessingover what men do or what women do
could we please elevate the conversation?
There are,you know, real things to discuss.
Likeabstract mathematics. Or, say, superstringtheory.
Honestly,you'realwaystalking about such trivial nonsense.
What I crave, no, what Irequire,is higher-order knowledge.
Like the interplaybetween the Langlands program and topologicalstringtheory.
Andyou?You'retalking aboutgender?
Utterly beneath the threshold of intellectual viability.
don’tyou find the mere existence of theuniverse utterly baffling?
You hear “Theuniverse beganwith theBig Bang,” andyou just...accept that?
What if we’re mathematical constructs?
Or the product of some divine artisan?
Ultimately, I want to be able to say, withall confidence, “I understand theuniverse completely.”
And to do that, webegin withabstract mathematics, we proceed to superstringtheory,
and,let’s faceit, there’s far too much to do.
Whichis exactlywhy Ineedyour cooperation.
Soagain,why areyouallstill stuckon this wholegender thing?
Or, gentlemen, areyou seriouslystill thinking about butts and boobs? Areyou brain-damaged?
Humanity should be focusedon solving the puzzle of existence.
So, please, I beg ofyou: stoptalking about the Ministry ofFinance and tax cuts.
Let’stalkabstract math.Let’stalk superstringtheory.
Your economic opinions are irrelevant
and frankly, ifyoudon’t stop meddling,
we’reon track for hyperinflation.
Oh!Onemore thing. I nearly forgotthe most important thing inlife.
Imagination.
With imagination,you become absorbed.
And with obsession comesfreedom from suffering.
That’s whathappinessis, people.
Muah.
「Utopia」の初出。トマス・モアの『Utopia』（1516年）。
「Dustopia」の初出。ルイス・ヘンリー・ヤングの『Utopia: or,Apollo'sgoldendays』（1747年）。
But Heav'n, of late,wasall distraction, and,morethan ever,rent in faction; Caus'donlyby a wretchedisle,On which wethought noGod wouldsmile:
だが近ごろの天界は混乱の極みにあり、かつてにも増して内紛に引き裂かれていた。それもこれも、ひとつの惨めな島のせいだった。誰の目にも、神が微笑むことなどないと思われていたその島。
Not stor'd with wealth,nor blest inair: no useful Plants could ripenthere; Mismanag'dbyth' unskillful hinds, or niptby chilling Easternwinds:
富を蓄えず、空気にも恵まれず、作物は育たずに終わる。未熟な農夫たちにより荒らされ、あるいは東から吹きつける冷たい風に凍えて枯れる。
Or ifthey flourish'd for a Day,They soon became some Insect's prey: For many suchinfestthesoil, Devouringth' honest lab'rers's toil ; *So venomous,that some had rather have, intheir stead,the toad, or adder.
たとえ一日だけ花開いたとしても、すぐに虫の餌食となった。というのも、多くの害虫が土地にはびこり、誠実な労働者の努力を食い尽くしていたのだ。そのあまりの毒性に、むしろヒキガエルやマムシの方がましだと言う者もいるほどだった。
Unhappyisle!
不幸な島よ！
scarce known to Fame; DUSTOPIAwasits slightedname.
名声を得ることもなく、「デュストピア」と呼ばれて軽んじられていた。
「Cacotopia」の初出。ジェレミー・ベンサムの『Plan of parliamentary reform』（1817年）。
A constitution,with thispoison--slow, but notthe less sure—inthe bowels ofit!—Rotten, even fromthe timethatthispoisonwas injected intoit, must have beenthematchless constitution,—rottenatthecore—and, of suchrottenness, what we arenow sufferingis amongthe fruits.
この毒を――遅効性ではあるが、それでも確実な毒を――その内臓に抱えた憲法！ この毒が注入されたその時からすでに、あの比類なき憲法は腐敗していたに違いない――中核から腐っていた――そして、いま我々がこうして被っている苦しみこそが、その腐敗の産物の一つなのだ。
As amatch for Utopia, suppose a Cacotopia discovered and described,—would not filth inthis shape be a "fundamental feature" init?
ユートピアに対抗するものとして、「カコトピア」が発見され、描写されたと仮定しよう――このような汚濁が、その「根本的な特徴」として描かれないだろうか？
https://archive.org/details/planparliamenta00bentgoog/page/n204/mode/2up
ベンサムは、議員たちが国王から官職を与えられることを批判している。小さな賄賂などは不道徳とされて取り締まっているが、国王から官職が与えられることはむしろ名誉として扱われる。実質的にはそれは癒着であり腐敗でしかないのに。という話をしている。
「Dystopia」の初出。ジョン・スチュワート・ミルの議会演説（1868年）。
Now,onthis subjectthe Government have not shownthemselves altogether inflexible.The nobleLordthe Chief Secretary forIrelandhas expressedhiswillingness in some degree to entertainthe principle of religious equality, and 1517 Ithankhim forit; but,ashas been remarkedby my hon.Friendthe Member for Manchester (Mr. JacobBright), he proposed todo it—ifatall—by levelling up instead of levelling down.The nobleLordiswillingthat every valley shall be exalted; but hedoes notgo on tothe succeeding clause, and saythat every mountain and hill shall be laidlow.
さて、この問題に関して、政府は完全に強硬というわけではないようです。アイルランド担当大臣である閣下は、宗教的平等という原則をある程度受け入れる用意があると述べました。これは感謝すべきことですが、マンチェスター選出の敬愛する友人（ジェイコブ・ブライト氏）が指摘したように、彼はこれを「下げる」のではなく「引き上げる」ことで実現しようとしているようです。すなわち、彼は「すべての谷を高くする」ことには賛成ですが、「すべての山と丘を低くする」とまでは言っていないのです。
So longasthenational property whichis administeredbythe Episcopal Church ofIrelandis not diverted fromits present purpose,the nobleLordhas no objectionatall tothis country saddlingitselfwith the endowment ofanother great hierarchy, which, if effectedonthe principle of religious equality, would be a great dealmore costlythan eventhat whichnow exists.Doesthe nobleLord reallythinkit possiblethatthe people ofEnglandwill submit tothis?
アイルランド国教会が管理する国家資産が現在の用途から変更されない限り、閣下はこの国が別の大きな教会制度への助成金という負担を背負うことにはまったく反対ではないのです。そしてもしそれが宗教的平等という原則に基づくのであれば、現在の制度よりはるかに高くつくことでしょう。閣下は本当に、イングランド国民がそれに甘んじると考えておられるのでしょうか？
Imay be permitted,asonewho, incommon with many of my betters, have been subjected tothe charge ofbeing Utopian, to congratulatethe Governmenton having joinedthat goodly company.Itis, perhaps, too complimentary to callthem Utopians,they ought rather to be called dystopians, or cacotopians. Whatiscommonly called Utopianissomething too good to be practicable; but whatthey appear to favouris too bad to be practicable.
私は、自分自身をユートピア主義者だと非難されてきた多くの優れた方々とともに、政府がその立派な仲間入りをしたことをお祝い申し上げたいと思います。ただ、彼らを「ユートピア主義者」と呼ぶのは、少々褒めすぎかもしれません。「ディストピア主義者」あるいは「カコトピア主義者」とでも呼ぶべきでしょう。通常「ユートピア的」とは、良すぎて実現不可能なものを指しますが、彼らの支持するものは、悪すぎて実現不可能なもののようです。
https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1868/mar/12/adjourned-debate
イングランドはカトリックから離脱して「イングランド国教会」を組織したが、同様にアイルランドでも従来のカトリック教会を「アイルランド国教会」のもとに置いた。しかしアイルランド人の多くは改宗せず、アイルランド国教徒は全体の1/8にすぎなかった。それでもアイルランド国教会は「国教」であるので、アイルランドのすべての教会の財産を保有しており、またアイルランド国教会への助成金は全アイルランド人に課せられる税金から支払われていた。この不平等の是正にあたって、政府は「アイルランド国教会の待遇を下げる」のではなく「他の教会の待遇を上げる」ことで解決しようとしているという。つまり他の教会にも同様の助成金を支払おうとしており、それはもちろんイングランド国民の税金から賄われることになる。そんなことをイングランド国民が許すと思っているのか？とミルは言っている。その後、1871年にアイルランド国教廃止法が施行された。
齢50にしてオンラインデートアプリを使った話。離婚して1年以上経ったしねって思ってちょっと楽な気分で始めた。嬉しい事も悲しい事もあった。何処かに吐き出したくなったので書き殴っておく。オンラインデートアプリは射幸性がある。お金を払ってちょいちょいとカードを引いて、取捨選択するわけだ。自分の年齢の5歳前後で引いてみる。軽い気分だった。
その人Rさんは写真を見るに50代半ばとは見えない美貌の方だった。お互いLikeがマッチした。チャットウィンドウが開き、互いにあいさつをする。
プロフィールを確認する。先方、Rさんは私の住んでいる所より車で一時間の距離、お子さん男の子X人既に成人済み。など。お互い、子供の構成がよく似ていた。そういう共通した話はIcebreaker になりやすい。独立して暮らしている子供を気に掛ける気持ちはお互い同じだなぁとおもう。私は末っ子と二人暮らしだけど、Rさんはお一人なんだとか。子育てが落ち着いた方が閑散期に安く子供に会いに旅行が出来るのは前から羨ましい。お子さんが一人、大変なお仕事をされている、出身地やお互い若い頃住んでいた東京の話など。
晩ご飯の話で盛り上がる。この日は私は時間がある。お互いの子供が普段何を食べているのかと案じるとか、末っ子は甘え上手だよねって話から始まって、私の末っ子と作ったオムライスの写真で「末っ子世にはばかる」とは良く言ったものだと納得し合ったり。
邦楽、音楽の話で盛り上がった事もあった。Rさんは尾崎豊、私はブルーハーツ。80,90年代が邦楽の黄金期だったと思うのはその頃多感な青春を過ごした記憶がそうさせるのか。
お互いの子供のうち、一人が同じ大学に通っていた事が分かる。私の住む街から車で、三時間ほどの所にあるすこし小さい大学町。
私のsoftware engineer という職業もRさんには好ましいようだ。エンジニアリングは誇り。ファインマン教授は私の憧れ。そういった気持ちを共有した事のない、むしろ蔑むけらいのあった元妻とあまりにも違う。
なんなんだ。ワシはテキストでチャットしているだけの人にどうして惹かれるんだ??
普通に考えて、二、三日で提案するのは拙速すぎる、でもどうしても会って喋りたいと思った。Rさんがボットや他意があってオンラインデートアプリを使っている業者とは思えない。
18日に会うことになった。二週間ほど先のGoodFriday。フワフワとした心地はとても懐かしくもあり、嬉しくて。
毎晩、チャットをして過ごすのが楽しい。いろんな事をテキストした。Rさんの作った料理の写真も見せて頂いた。お子さんが帰省されているRさんに邪魔にならないよう、でも何をされているかなとやっぱり気になる。Does theOne exist?Yes, \(^^)/ってね…有頂天だった。
一日の終わりにチャットウィンドウを開けた。もうそろそろ18日に会う際の段取りを相談しようとか思って。何かもっさりとした動作のあとRさんがチャットから退出されたログが表示された。前日のおやすみなさいの挨拶とRさんとのチャットが楽しいですとの書き込みの次の行、Rさんからの私も楽しいですとおやすみなさいのメッセージ、その次にログとinactive なRさんのアイコンが残っている。
チャットからの退出はいわゆるterminalstate だ。もう何も起こらない。
で、今日が１８日なんだよね。世間的には平和な金曜日。末っ子は高校とその後は元妻と過ごす予定。私にとってはGoodFriday 。こんなはずじゃなかったのに、青空の気持ち良い春の日、キッチンで一人、コーヒーを飲んでいる。
末っ子にはオンラインデートアプリってそんなもんだと言われ、「お父さんがそうやって引きずるって珍しい」とも言われ。
確かにこれまでオンラインデートアプリでいい出会いもあり、楽しい時を過ごす事もあった。ワシは引きずらない、そんな思いは二度とごめんだと思ってきた。ましてや会ったことも無い、もしかしたら本人ではないかもしれないRさんの写真とテキストメッセージ。だけど、どうしても整理が付けられない。けりをつけなければ。成仏させねば。
まず、読んでくれた方に、おしなべてお礼を。
Yoshihiro Mochizuki
Japanese Language Lecturer
Howdoesyour work engage with DEI topics? Couldyoushare a particularstory related toyour work in DEI?
As aJapanese language teacherat the University of Michigan, myjourney in DEIeducationhas been a profoundly enriching experience that reaches farbeyond the classroom. In 2023, I had privilege of speakingat various conferences and teacher training workshops, including delivering akeynoteaddressat the fourth Northwest ConferenceonJapanese Pedagogy hostedby the University of Washington. Thismilestone allowed me to advocate for the profound importance of DEI and socialjustice inJapanese languageeducation.
Through these experiences, I have come to a profound realization: while children and students often readily embrace DEI principles, having grown up in an era where these concepts aremore ingrained ineducation, our primaryfocus must beon theeducation of adults, particularly educators themselves.
During my presentations and workshops, I haveengaged with educators, many of whom have decades of experience. They raise questions that sometimes reveal unconscious biases or microaggressions. Yet, they openly admit feelingout of touchwith the ever-evolving landscape ofdiversity and inclusion. Theyexpress genuine concerns about their ability to relate to and support students from diverse backgrounds.
This interactionspotlights a substantial challenge facedby educatorstoday, a reminder thatthe worldis in constantflux, anditis ourshared responsibilityas educators to adapt alongsideit. These encounters are whatdrive mypassion for DEIeducation. My work extendsbeyond the classroom,aiming tobridge thegapbetweentheory and practice, guiding fellow educators toward inclusivity, understanding, and socialjustice.
As wemove forward,itis imperative to recognize that fosteringdiversity, equity, and inclusionis not solely the responsibility of students but a collectiveendeavor that starts with us, the educators.
In conclusion, myjourney inJapanese languageeducationhas taught me that thetruepower of DEIeducation lies inits ability to transform educators. This transformation, in turn, shapes amoreinclusive future for our students. Embracing DEI principles enriches notonly our teaching but also oursocietyas a whole.Together,as a community of educators dedicated todiversity, equity, and inclusion, wetake significant strides toward creating amore just andinclusive world,one classroomat atime.
あなたの仕事はDEIのテーマとどのように関わっていますか？DEIに関する具体的なエピソードがあれば教えていただけますか？
ミシガン大学で日本語教師としてDEI教育に携わってきた私の歩みは、教室の枠をはるかに超えた、非常に豊かな経験でした。2023年には、ワシントン大学主催の第4回北西日本語教育学会議での基調講演をはじめ、様々な会議や教師研修ワークショップで講演する機会に恵まれました。この節目を通して、日本語教育におけるDEIと社会正義の深遠な重要性を訴えることができました。
これらの経験を通じて、私は深い認識に達しました。それは、DEI の原則が教育に深く根ざした時代に育った子供や学生は、多くの場合、積極的に DEI の原則を受け入れますが、私たちが主に重点を置くべきは、大人、特に教育者自身の教育であるということです。
プレゼンテーションやワークショップを通して、私は教育者の方々と交流してきました。その多くは数十年の経験を持つ方々です。彼らは、時に無意識の偏見やマイクロアグレッションを露呈するような疑問を投げかけます。しかし同時に、彼らは常に進化を続ける多様性と包摂性という状況に疎外感を抱いていることを率直に認めています。多様な背景を持つ生徒たちと関わり、サポートしていく能力について、真摯な懸念を表明しています。
この交流は、今日の教育者が直面する重大な課題を浮き彫りにし、世界は常に変化し続けており、教育者としてそれに適応していくことが共通の責任であることを改めて認識させてくれます。こうした出会いが、DEI教育への私の情熱を駆り立てています。私の仕事は教室にとどまらず、理論と実践のギャップを埋め、他の教育者を包摂性、理解、そして社会正義へと導くことを目指しています。
今後、多様性、公平性、包括性を育むことは学生だけの責任ではなく、私たち教育者から始まる共同の取り組みであることを認識することが不可欠です。
最後に、日本語教育に携わってきた経験を通して、DEI教育の真の力は教育者を変革する力にあることを学びました。この変革は、ひいては生徒たちにとってよりインクルーシブな未来を形作ります。DEIの原則を受け入れることは、私たちの教育だけでなく、社会全体を豊かにします。多様性、公平性、そしてインクルージョンに献身する教育者のコミュニティとして、私たちは共に、一つ一つの教室から、より公正でインクルーシブな世界の創造に向けて大きく前進していきます。
もっちりんだ 🇺🇸 🇯🇵 🏳️🌈
@mochiey
学部からのお達しで、私のこのページ、もうすぐ消えることになったので、よかったら消える前に読んでくださ～い。
https://x.com/mochiey/status/1912156111953662160
もっちりんだ 🇺🇸 🇯🇵 🏳️🌈
@mochiey
Teaching Professor ofJapanese Language | University of Michigan 🇺🇸生活・Podcasts・日本語教育・人権 (LGBTQ+,フェミニズム),etc. Posts are my own. 他のSNSも 全て
@mochiey
でやってます。
すごく軽いね。もうすこしなんかないの？学問の自由とか言うことはないの？
大変申し訳ないのですが、これは消されて当然だし
6分
大学のサイトからDEIのページを消さないと、というより大学からDEIを排除しないと連邦政府からの支援金がもらえなくなるからね。
こういう報いを受けても仕方ないのでは。だって何一つ書いていないんだもの。
「profound importance」「profound realization」「shared responsibility」「transform educators」など、抽象度の高いフレーズばかりで、具体的な教育実践が見えません。
例：「どんな学生に、どのような教材を用いて、どういった変化が見られたのか」といった具体的な成果・実例が欠如。
「教育者と話して無意識のバイアスに気づいた」ことを語っていますが、どんな内容だったのか、どういう改善に繋がったのか、事例がないため説得力が弱い。
そもそもこの文章では、DEI（Diversity, Equity, Inclusion）を日本語教育の中でどう具体的に扱うのかが一切記述されていません。
たとえば「教材に出てくる名前や職業を見直した」「LGBTQの観点を授業で扱った」などの実施例が欠落。
トランプがカネを出さないというのは極めて至極まっとうで、この文章で人が感動することも共感することも同情することも理解することもない。
なに言ってるんだ。そのアカウント名もふざけている場合じゃないだろう。
あと大学もお金をもらわなくても大丈夫なんだから、大学にお金を出さなくてもいいのかも。
日本も見習うべきですね。
Masudaand Annie are talking in their classroom. Let's listen to them!
Annie: Good afternoon, Masuda!
A: A boy?Who areyou talking about?
M: I'm talking about a boywho wears awhite Tshirt and black jeans.
A: I can't find the boy. Whereis he?
M: Areyou sure?It's easy to findhim! Heis thebrightest person in this room!
A: Masuda, I'm asking where heis.Tell me!
M: Okey, Heis standingnext to thewhiteboard.
A: Thewhiteboard...?
M:Yes! Heis socool! I wanna behisfriend!
A: Masuda,you souldn't be thefriend of the boy.
M: What!?Why doyou say such a thing!
A: Because Idon't see anyone near thewhiteboard.
M: ...Really?
A:You canot be afriend of aghost. Shall we leave this room?
M: Of course! Idon't want tostayhere anymore!
Question1: Whatdoes Masuda see?
Question2: Whatdoes Masuda actually see?
Question4: Can Masuda really leave the classroom?
2016年10月版にも入ってるみたいだけど、2016年ってコロナ前じゃね？
1.3.3.4 Brand Protection and Use of theVisa-Owned Marks
A Member must not use theVisa-Owned Marks:
• Inany manner thatmay bring theVisa-Owned Marks orVisa Inc. orits affiliates into disrepute
• In relation to, or for the purchase or trade of, photographs, video imagery,computer-generated images,cartoons, simulation, orany other media oractivities including, but not limited to,any of the following:
- Child pornography
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A Member thatdoes not complywith these requirementswill be subject to non-compliance assessments prescribed under the Global Brand Protection Program and/or, in theEuropeRegion, the Electronic Commerce Merchant Monitoring Program.
Frankfurt Radio SymphonyLive: Matthias Hermann & Alexander Waite with Mason & Lachenmann
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ayrcGjaybU
Sympathetic Resonance
Helmut Lachenmann:
Serynade – Musik für Klavier
Helmut Lachenmann:
My Melodies – Musik für 8 Hörner und Orchester
hr-Sinfonieorchester – Frankfurt Radio Symphony
Marc Gruber / Kristian Katzenberger / Maciej Baranowski /
Michael Armbruster / Charles Petit / Thomas Sonnen /
Gerda Sperlich / Andreas Kreuzhuber, Horn
Matthias Hermann, Dirigent
hr-Sendesaal Frankfurt, 14. Februar 2025
Eine Musik Helmut Lachenmanns für acht Hörner, die nicht nach neuen Klängen sucht, sondern nach neuem Hören.Außerdemeine KompositiondesBriten Christian Mason, die das Orchesterals riesiges Resonanz-Instrument begreift. Und dazwischen Lachenmanns erstesgroßes Klavierwerk –ein Hörerlebnisauch dies.
____________________________
Musicby Helmut Lachenmann for eight horns thatdoes not seek new sounds, but new ways of hearing. In addition, a compositionby theBritish composer Christian Mason, which sees the orchestraas ahuge resonance instrument. And inbetween, Lachenmann's firstmajorpiano work –another listening experience
Firstdates can be exciting and nerve-wrackingallatonce.You’re meetingsomeone new, learning about their interests, and trying to figureout if there’schemistrybetweenyou. And then there’s flirting, that delicate dance of showingsomeoneyou’re interested withoutbeing too forward or awkward.
Flirtingdoesn’t have to be a high-pressuresituation. Infact,it can bethe mostfun part ofgetting to knowsomeone. Whetheryou're meetingsomeoneonMixerDates orany other platform,the most important thingis to be genuine,staycalm, and let theconnection developnaturally.
Ifyou’ve everfoundyourself wondering how to flirton a firstdate withoutfeeling uncomfortable,you’re notalone. Everyonehas their awkwardmoments, but themoreyou understand theart of flirting, the easierit becomes. In thisarticle, we’llbreak down how to flirt in a way thatfeelsnatural, exciting,and authentic towhoyou are. So, let'sdive in and learn how tomakethe most ofyour firstdate experience—withoutoverthinkingit.
Whenit comes to flirting, confidenceiskey. But whatdoesit really mean to be confidenton a firstdate? Confidencedoesn’t meanyouneed to be perfect, or evenoutgoing—it simply meansbeing comfortable inyour ownskin and showing upasyour authentic self.
Haveyou ever noticed how people are drawn to thosewho radiate self-assurance?It’s not aboutbragging or dominating the conversation—it’s about presentingyourself with ease. Ifyoufeelgood aboutyourself,itwillnaturally show. A greatsmile,good posture, and eye contact cango a long way in making agoodfirst impression.
For instance, think about thelasttimesomeone walked into a room and immediately caughtyourattention—not because they werethe mostattractive person in the room, but because of their energy. They were confident, they were present, and theymadeyoufeelat ease. That’s the kind of confidenceyou want to projectonyourdate.
Whenyou're confident,you're not worried about saying the perfect thing. Instead,youfocuson enjoying themoment, making the other personfeel comfortable, and letting theconnection happennaturally. That’s themagic of confidence—itallowsyou to be present,fun, and,most importantly,yourself.
Let’s faceit—noonewants tofeellike they’rebeing “worked” or put through a game. That’swhy subtletyis such a powerfultool whenit comes to flirting.It'sall about showing interest withoutbeingover-the-top or too obvious.
Flirtingdoesn’talways mean complimentingsomeone non-stop or using cheesy pickup lines. Infact,the most successful flirtingis the kind that happens behind the scenes—subtle, playful, andlighthearted. Think about thelittlemoments,like a teasing comment about how theyalways order the same thingat a restaurant or the wayyou laughat a silly joke theymake.
Thekeyis to find a balance. Asimplesmile or a playful comment can convey interest withoutbeing too much. For example, ifyourdate tellsyou theylove hiking but theytend togetlost easily,you could saysomethinglike, “So,you’re telling meyouneed a personal guide? I couldget behind that!”It’slighthearted, humorous, andmost importantly,it keeps the conversationfun without putting too much pressureon thesituation.
By keepingit subtle,youallowyourdate tofeelat ease.Ittakes the pressure off them to be perfectand allows both ofyou to enjoy the interactionmorenaturally. Flirtingdoesn’tneed to be a performance—it’s about creating an environment where both ofyou canfeel comfortableand authentic.
Now,let’stalk aboutsomething incredibly important in the flirting game:active listening. When we’reon adate, we oftenget caught up in thinking about what to saynext, how we’re coming across, or if we’rebeing interesting enough. But the best way tomake animpression? Truly listening toyourdate.
Active listening meansyou’re fullyengaged in the conversation, givingyourdateyour fullattention and responding thoughtfully.It’s about showing thatyou care about what they’re saying and thatyou’re genuinely interested ingetting to know them better. Whenyou listenactively,you’re also giving them space toopen up, and that can create an immediateconnection.
For example, ifyourdate mentions they recently traveled toJapan, instead of simply saying, “That’scool!”you could follow up withsomethinglike, “Whatwasthe most memorable experienceyou had there?” This shows thatyou’re not just hearing their words but are genuinely curious and invested in their experiences.It’s a great way to build rapport and let them knowyou’re not just there toimpress them—you’re there toconnect.
Whileyour words are important,body language often speaks louder thananythingyou can say. Whetheryourealizeit or not,yourbodyis constantly communicating howyoufeel. Howyousit, stand, andmove tellsyourdate whetheryou’rerelaxed,engaged, or distracted.
Small gestures cango a long way in flirting. Alight touchon thearm, a subtle lean in when they’re speaking, or maintaininggood eye contact—all thesebody language cues helpsignalyour interest. Andthe great thingis, whendonenaturally, these cues can be justas effectiveas words.
For example, ifyou’resittingat a caféonyourdate andyou lean in slightly when they’re sharing afunnystory,you’re not just showing thatyou’re interested—you’re inviting them intoyour space.It’s aninvitation toconnect further. And when they respondby leaning in too, that’s when themagic happens—the unspokenconnection that tellsyou both that there’s potential formore.
Flirting throughbody languagedoesn’t mean making grand gestures orbeingoverly touchy.It’s aboutbeing present and showing thatyou’reengagedwith yourdate in a subtle, but meaningful way.
It’s easy toget caught up inoverthinking how to flirt or trying to figureout ifyourdateis intoyou. Buthere’s asecret—whenyou letgo of the pressureand allowyourself to havefun,everything flows muchmorenaturally. Flirtingon a firstdatedoesn’tneed tofeellike atest or anassignment.It’s supposed to be afun,lighthearted experience that sets the stage formore greatdates ahead.
Whenwas thelasttimeyou had a genuinelyfundate?Wasit whenyou were trying too hard toimpress, or whenyou were both laughing, chatting, and enjoying each other's company? Flirting becomes effortless whenyou're present, enjoying themoment, and letting theconnection grownaturally.
Sometimes,it's the smallmoments—like sharing a laugh or swapping embarrassing stories—thatmake a firstdate truly special. Whenyoufocuson havingfun,you create an environment where both ofyou canrelax, flirt, and let thechemistry grow. That’s thesecret to a greatdate.
One of the best things about using a platformlikeMixerDatesis thatittakes the guessworkout of the equation.Byconnecting withsomeonewho already sharesyour interests and values,you’vegot a head starton making a realconnection.No more swiping through countless profiles hoping for aspark—onMixerDates,you already know there’ssomething incommon.
Whenyou’re alreadyon the same pagewith yourdate, flirting comesmore easily. There’s less of that awkward, “Are we evenon the same wavelength?”feeling, andmore of thefun, “Wow, we reallyclick!” vibe. Whetheryou’retalking aboutfavorite hobbies, movies, orlifegoals, the conversation flowsnaturally, making the flirtingfeel effortless.
Ifyou're looking for a place to meetlike-minded people and build genuineconnections,MixerDatesis the perfect platform.It's a great place to findsomeonewho appreciatesyou forwhoyou are andwhoyou cannaturally flirt with, without the stress.
Flirtingon a firstdateisall about confidence,connection, andfun. Whenyou letgo of the pressure andfocuson enjoyingthe experience, thechemistrywillnaturally follow. Remember, the best way to flirtisbybeingyourself—letyour personalityshine through, listen with intention, and embrace themoment.
And ifyou’re ready to meetsomeone new,who’s justas interested in making aconnectionasyou are,MixerDatesis the perfect place to start. Sogo ahead,take theleap, and see whereit leads.Who knows?Yournext greatconnection might be just aclickaway.
Sign up forMixerDatestoday and startyourjourney to exciting firstdates and meaningfulconnections!
例えば、
https://github.com/timdetering/Wintellect.PowerCollections/tree/master
License.txt
4. COMMERCIAL DISTRIBUTION
Commercial distributors ofsoftwaremayaccept certain responsibilities withrespect to end users, business partners andthe like. While this licenseis intended to facilitate the commercial use of the Program, the Contributorwho includes the Program in a commercial product offering should do so in a manner whichdoes not create potential liability for other Contributors. Therefore, if a Contributor includes the Program in a commercial product offering, such Contributor ("Commercial Contributor") hereby agrees to defend and indemnify every other Contributor ("Indemnified Contributor") againstany losses, damages and costs (collectively "Losses") arising from claims, lawsuits and other legal actions broughtby a third party against the Indemnified Contributor tothe extent causedby the acts or omissions of such Commercial Contributor in connection withits distribution of the Program in a commercial product offering. The obligations in this section do not apply toany claims or Losses relating toany actual orallegedintellectual property infringement. In order to qualify, an Indemnified Contributor must: a) promptly notify the Commercial Contributor in writing of such claim, and b) allow the Commercial Contributor to control, and cooperatewith the Commercial Contributor in, the defenseand any related settlement negotiations. The Indemnified Contributormay participate inany such claimatits own expense.
For example, a Contributor might include the Program in a commercial product offering, Product X. That Contributoris then a Commercial Contributor. If that Commercial Contributor then makes performance claims, or offers warranties related to Product X, those performance claims and warranties are such Commercial Contributor's responsibilityalone. Under this section, the Commercial Contributor would have to defend claims against the other Contributors related to those performance claims and warranties, and if a court requiresany other Contributor to payany damagesas a result, the Commercial Contributor must pay those damages.
要約すると裁判でここの作者が損害賠償を命じられそうになった場合、商用ソフトの提供元は裁判に協力しないといけないし、求償請求にも応じないといけないとある。
Please consider the histroy ofhumanity from biologicalperpsecitve and currentknown fact in nearbyuniverse, whichexpo-planet (from theSol systemperspective)ismostlikely to have civlizaedsociety? Pleaseaddpercentagenext toit in the chart
ChatGPT
Reasoned about exoplanetcivilizationlikelihoodを28 秒行う
OK, I’mlookingatthe likelihood of a civilizedsocietyon an exoplanet within ourSolar System.I’ll consider biologicalhistory and current space knowledge,aiming to identifythe most promising candidate.
Identifying potential candidates
I'm considering exoplanetslike Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1e, which might suggest they are within or observed from ourSolar System.
Assessing potential candidates
I’m evaluating Proxima Centauri b, Barnard'sStar, LHS 1140, and TRAPPIST-1,focusingon their habitablezonesand available data. The Drake equation might help estimate their civilizedsocietylikelihoods.
Identifying promising exoplanets
I’m notingkey exoplanetslike Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1, which haveEarth-like characteristicsand are in habitablezones. This narrows down the potential candidates for advancedcivilizations.
I'm gathering infoonplanetslike Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1, consideringfactorslikemagneticfields,atmospheres, and proximity to G-typestars for their potential to support advancedcivilizations.
Evaluating exoplanet prospects
I'm noting that Proxima Centauri b, despitebeing closeand around ared dwarfstar, might supportlife ifithas amagneticfieldand atmosphere. This makes me think aboutits potential.
Charting probabilities
I'm estimatingcivilization probabilities for exoplanetslike Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1 e, using speculativepercentagesbasedon the Drake equation and the lack ofevidence for intelligentlife.
I'm crafting a chart with exoplanet names andcivilizationlikelihoodpercentages, grounded in the longtimeline oflife'sevolution, despite the speculativenature of these figures.
Identifying exoplanet contenders
I’m evaluating exoplanetslike Proxima Centauri b, TRAPPIST-1 e, and Kepler-186f, considering theirstar types and distances, to gauge their potential for supporting advancedcivilizations from oursolar system'sviewpoint.
Weighing proximity and observation
I'm leaning towards Proxima Centauri b due toits closeness and observational potential, despite concerns aboutitsflarestar dynamics. TRAPPIST-1 e, f, or g are also worth considering.
I'mfocusingon exoplanetslike Proxima Centauri b, Ross 128 b, LHS 1140 b, TRAPPIST-1 e/f/g, andK2-18b,aiming to chart theirlikelihood of hosting a civilizedsocietybasedon current knowledge.
Assessing exoplanet potentials
I'm gathering speculative probabilities for exoplanetslike Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1 e/f/g, using the Drake equation and current understanding, to better estimate their chances of hosting a civilizedsociety.
Refining speculative probabilities
I’m refining speculative probabilities for exoplanets, including Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1 e/f/g, to estimate their chances of hosting a civilizedsociety, consideringEarth's long biologicalhistory.
Refining odds
I'm considering theastronomicaltimeline for intelligentlifeonEarth,leading me toassign evenlower speculative odds for exoplanetslike Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1 e.
I’m crafting a simplified chart with arbitrarypercentages, clearly noting the speculativenature and lack of scientific data, while considering the target audience'sbasic understanding of the topic.
I’m charting arbitrarypercentages for exoplanets, clarifying their speculativenature, and ensuring the datais accessible foryoung audiences with minimal scientific detail.
Crafting a chart
I’m creating amarkdowntable with speculativepercentages forthe likelihood of civilizedlifeon exoplanets, emphasizing their purely theoreticalnature and considering the understandinglevel of an 8-year-old.
Integrating speculative analysis
I’m mappingout amarkdown chart with speculativepercentages forthe likelihood of a civilizedsocietyon exoplanets, mindful of thecomplexity and simplifying for an 8-year-old's understanding.
I’m piecingtogethermarkdown for exoplanets, noting Proxima Centauri b'sreduced civilizedlife chance due to thered dwarf's activity. This inclusionhighlights the speculativenature of the analysis.
Piecingtogether speculative odds
I’m detailing amarkdown chart for audience-friendly exoplanetlikelihoods, considering environmental challengesand adding a disclaimer about the speculativenature and lack ofevidence.
Piecingtogether
I’m leaning towards Proxima Centauri b forits proximity and silentstar, butI’lladd a speculative chart ranking nearby exoplanets, noting their advancedcivilizations' hypotheticallikelihood.
Assessingcivilization probabilities
I'm emphasizing the slow emergence of intelligentlifeonEarth, which suggests that the odds ofany habitableplanet developing acomplexcivilization might beaslowas a fewpercent.
Belowis a very speculative chart that—basedon what we know aboutEarth’s long, windingpath fromsimplelife to a “civilizedsociety” and our limited observations of nearby exoplanets—gives somefun,made‑uppercentage chances for a few of our best candidate exoplanets. Remember: Scientists havenot yetfoundany proof oflife (let alone advancedcivilizations)onany exoplanet. Thesenumbers are just playful estimates to helpyou think about theideas!
Speculative Chances of Finding an AdvancedCivilizationon Nearby Exoplanets
Exoplanet EstimatedLikelihood of a CivilizedSociety
Proxima Centauri b ~2%
LHS 1140 b ~0.5%
HowDid We (Very Roughly) Guess TheseNumbers?
Earth’s Example:
OnEarth,life beganassimple single‑celled organisms and took billions of years to evolve into a species that builtcomplex societies. This longjourney suggests that—even if aplanetis in the “habitablezone” (where liquid water could exist)—developing an advanced, civilizedsociety might be rare.
Proxima Centauri b:
Thisis the closest exoplanet to us. Even thoughitsstar (Proxima Centauri)is ared dwarf that sometimes sendsout strongflares (which might harmlife),its closeness makesitone of ourmost interesting candidates. That’swhy we giveit a slightly higher guess (~2%).
Theseplanets are part of agroup orbiting a verycoolstar. Their environments might be challenging (for example, they could be tidally locked, meaningone sidealwaysfaces thestar), so the chance of acomplex, advancedcivilization might be abitlower.
LHS 1140 b:
Thisplanetis promising in some ways butis alittle fartherawayand around a dimmerstar, so our playful estimateis evenlower.
All of thesepercentages are extremely rough guessesbasedon whatlittle we understand about the conditions forlife andintelligence. Scientists useideaslike the Drake Equation to think about these chances—but until we have concreteevidence, thesenumbers remain just forfun and imagination.
Enjoy exploring theseideas—and remember, spaceis full of mysteries waiting to be discovered!
あなた:
Please examine the Drake Equationitself and see if this euqationis acculate ormore opition in the equationyouwill use
ChatGPT
Reasoned about the Drake Equationを6 秒行う
re-examining the Drake Equation
evaluating the Drake Equation'svalue
OK, let me see. The Drake Equationisn't a precise formula;it'smore of a guiding heuristic that tackles numerous uncertainties regarding extraterrestrialcivilizations.
Thinking through the Drake Equation, I’m evaluatingits conceptualnature,its uncertain parameters, andits criticism to concludeonits reliabilityas an accurate predictivemodel.
Understanding the Drake Equation
I’m mappingout the Drake Equationas a conceptual guide, detailingits parameters, which are oftenbasedon estimates or opinions, to evaluateits reliability for predicting extraterrestrialcivilizations.
The Drake Equationis a famous formula thatwas created to help scientists think about the manyfactors involved in estimating thenumber of detectable extraterrestrialcivilizations in ourgalaxy. However, when welookat the equation closely, we see thatitismore of a conceptualframework or heuristictool than a precise, predictive formula.Let’sbreak downwhy:
The equationis usually writtenas:
𝑁
=
𝑅
∗
×
𝑓
𝑝
×
𝑛
𝑒
×
𝑓
𝑙
×
𝑓
𝑖
×
𝑓
𝑐
×
𝐿
N=R
∗
×f
p
×n
e
×f
l
×f
i
×f
c
×L
Where:
𝑅
∗
R
∗
: The averagerate ofstar formationper year in ourgalaxy.
𝑓
𝑝
f
p
: The fraction of thosestars that haveplanetary systems.
𝑛
𝑒
n
e
: The averagenumber ofplanets that could potentially supportlifeperstar withplanets.
𝑓
𝑙
f
l
: The fraction of thoseplanets wherelife actually develops.
𝑓
𝑖
f
i
: The fraction ofplanets withlife where intelligentlife evolves.
𝑓
𝑐
f
c
: The fraction ofcivilizations that develop technology that releases detectablesignals into space.
𝐿
L: The length oftime suchcivilizations release detectablesignals.
Why the Drake EquationIsMore of a Guideline Than a Precise Formula
Uncertain Inputs:
𝑅
∗
R
∗
𝑓
𝑝
f
p
(fraction ofstars withplanets), have become better known through modernastronomy.
The parameters related to the development oflife andintelligence—
𝑓
𝑙
f
l
,
𝑓
𝑖
f
i
,
𝑓
𝑐
f
c
, and
𝐿
L—arebasedon very limited data. For example,Earthis theonlyplanet we know wherelifehas developed, so we have no way to compare or derive a statistically robust estimate for thesefactors. This means that thevalues chosen for these parameters are largely subjective estimates or educated guesses.
Wide Ranges of PossibleValues:
Because many of thesefactors are not well-constrained, ifyouchangeone of themore uncertain parameters even slightly, thefinal estimate for
𝑁
N (thenumber ofcivilizations) can varyby many orders ofmagnitude. This wide range shows that the equation canlead to very differentoutcomesbasedonpersonal or theoreticalassumptions.
The Drake Equationwas never meant to provide a preciseanswer. Instead,it servesas a way to organize our thinking about what conditions might be necessary for the development of extraterrestrialcivilizations.It encourages discussion about the relative importance of differentfactors andhighlights where our scientific knowledgeis limited.
Is the Drake Equation Accurate orMore Opinion-Based?
Accurate?
In thesense ofbeing a strict mathematicalmodel with well-defined inputs and predictableoutputs, the Drake Equationis not accurate.Its accuracyis limitedbythe extreme uncertainties in several ofitskey parameters.
Many of the terms in the equation, especially those concerning theevolution oflife andintelligence, arebasedon opinion, interpretation, and the single example ofEarth. Therefore, while thestructure of the equationis logical, thenumbersyou put intoit (and hence thefinal result) are oftenmore reflective of our current opinionsand assumptions than of robust empirical data.
The Drake Equationis a valuabletool for framing the question of extraterrestriallife.It helps scientists and enthusiastsbreak down acomplex problem into smaller,more manageable questions. However, because several ofitsfactors are highly uncertain and subject topersonal interpretation,itismore of a conceptual guide—or even a way to stimulate discussion—than a formula that provides a definitive, accurate prediction of thenumber of extraterrestrialcivilizations.
Insummary, while the Drake Equationis useful for thinking about the variousfactors that mightlead to the emergence of acivilization,itsoutputs should betakenas highly speculative estimates rather than precise measurements.
あなた:
Please also consider the possiblities of non-human intelligent emrgencing from the longhistory ofSol system and nearbyplanets and see if thereisany possiblites that inonetime intelligentlife emerged in nearbyplanets and see this to the equation
ChatGPT
Reasoned about non-humanintelligence and the Drake Equationを19 秒行う
Evaluating non-humanintelligence
I'm thinking about the potential for non-human intelligentlife forms in theSol system and neighboringplanets, and how this mightfactor into the equation.
I'm thinking about how to integrate the emergence of non-human intelligentlife, possiblyonMars orEuropa, into the Drake Equation for theSol system and neighboringplanets.
It's interesting to think about the hypothesis of intelligentlife emergingonMars orVenus, thoughEarth remains theonly knownlife-supportingplanet in thesolar system.
Considering other realms
I'm examining if intelligentlife could have emergedonplanetslikeMars,Venus, orEuropa, and how thispossibility alignswith the predictions of the Drake Equation.
Hmm, I’m thinking about how non-human intelligentlifeonMars orVenus could intersectwith theassumptions of the Drake Equation, which seems tofocussolelyonEarth-basedevolution.
I’m piecingtogether the hypothesis of non-human, advanced, intelligentlife in thesolar system.Mars,Venus, and Titan present challenges, butEuropa and Enceladus might harbor microbiallife.
