
はてなキーワード:boostとは
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tensor.art/articles/913487112240653418
新型コロナウイルス(SARS-CoV-2)に対するmRNAワクチンの効果を検証したこれまでの研究には、いくつかの限界と問題点が指摘されています。以下に主要な点を整理します。
問題点:
無作為化されていないため、背景因子の調整が不完全。
健康志向バイアス(healthyuser bias):ワクチンを接種する人はもともと健康意識が高く、医療アクセスが良い傾向がある。
ワクチン未接種者がヘテロな集団:宗教的理由、アクセスの問題、健康状態の悪化など多様な背景がある。
結果的に、ワクチンの効果が過大または過小評価される可能性がある。
問題点:
初期の研究は野生株(Wuhan株)またはアルファ株を対象としており、デルタ株、オミクロン株への効果は別途検討が必要。
時間の経過とともに変異株が主流になるため、研究成果が急速に陳腐化する。
問題点:
多くの研究が中和抗体価を用いてワクチン効果を間接評価しているが、免疫の全体像(細胞性免疫など)を捉えきれていない。
問題点:
mRNAワクチンは**緊急使用承認(EUA)**で導入されたため、長期観察データが乏しい段階で接種が開始された。
特に若年層や小児、妊婦、高齢者における長期の副反応リスクや効果に関する知見は限定的だった。
心筋炎・心膜炎(特に若年男性)などのまれな副反応が、接種後になってから報告された。
問題点:
一部の研究で、製薬企業の関与によりポジティブな結果が強調される可能性がある。
ワクチンの承認や推奨が政治的判断と絡むことで、研究の客観性が揺らぐとの批判もある。
データの透明性や原データへのアクセス制限が批判されたケースもあった(例:Pfizerの臨床試験データ開示の遅れ)。
問題点:
何回接種すべきか(初回+何度のブースター)という点でエビデンスが流動的。
異なるワクチンを組み合わせる「交差接種(heterologousprime-boost)」の評価が不十分。
感染歴のある人にとっての追加接種の意義も明確でなかった。
PolackFP,et al. (2020). Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2mRNACovid-19 Vaccine. NEJM.
Baden LR,et al. (2021). Efficacy and Safety of themRNA-1273SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine. NEJM.
UK Health Security Agency. (2022).COVID-19 vaccine surveillance reports.
SubramanianSV, Kumar A. (2021). Increases inCOVID-19 are unrelated to levels of vaccination across 68 countries and 2947 counties in the US. European Journal of Epidemiology.
Doshi P. (2021).Willcovid-19 vaccines save lives? Current trials aren’t designed to tell us.BMJ.
I really enjoyed the localonlinetalk show I watched! Therewas a farmer fromUSAwho spoke abouthis experience selling vegetablestogether withhis pregnant partner. The sight ofhim sharing laughs with regular customerswas just bursting withhappiness!It had a very realisticatmosphere, reminiscent of anNHKlive program.
Lookingat commentsonYahoo! News about similar topics, Isaw many supporting local farmers ('Let'sboost our local farmers!'), but also the inevitable critical voices leading to the usual heated debate (lol).
Since the dailynews about various incidents can be quite draining, documenting warm storieslike this in my diary helps mefeel refreshed and energized. Abig thankyou to the production team for such wonderful content!I wishmore of ourregion'sappeal could be deliveredonlinelike this!
(中略)
こうした最近の動向を受けて、名門のサントラル・シュペリックを含むフランスの大学は、米国の科学者を支援するための基金を設立した。同工学部は先週、米国では継続できなくなった研究プロジェクトに資金を提供するため、300万ユーロ(約5億円)を割り当てたと発表した。さらに今月初め、フランス最古かつ最大の大学の一つ エクス=マルセイユ大学は、 Safe Place For Scienceプログラムへの応募を受け付けていると発表した。
このプログラムは「自由に研究することを願う科学者に安全な環境を提供する」ことを目的としており、3年間で総額1500万ユーロ(約25億円)の資金で約15人のアメリカ人科学者を支援する予定だ。広報によると、大学はすでに150件以上の申請を受けているという。
「我々は新たな頭脳流出を目撃している。できるだけ多くの科学者が研究を続けられるよう、全力を尽くす」と同大学のエリック・ベルトン学長は声明で述べた。「しかし、我々だけで全ての要求に応えることはできない。教育研究省は、国家レベルと欧州レベルの両方でこの取り組みを全面的に支援し、援助してくれている」
他の国々も、アメリカの科学者を誘致しようと積極的に動いている。例えば、オランダもアメリカの科学者だけでなく他の国の科学者も支援する基金を立ち上げている。教育文化科学大臣のエッポ・ブルインス氏は先週、議会に宛てた書簡で、オランダの科学財政機関に、一流の国際的科学者をできるだけ早くオランダに招くことを目的とした基金を設立するよう要請したと伝えた。
「世界は変化し緊張が高まっています。研究を行う場所を外に求める科学者が増えています」とブルーインズ氏は書簡に記した。「もっと多くの世界トップクラスの科学者が来て、ここで研究してほしいです。結局のところ、トップクラスの科学者は我が国とヨーロッパにとって金と同等の価値があります」
米国政府や大学から科学研究にどの程度の資金が提供されるかについては依然として不明だが、アメリカ科学振興協会のCEO、スディップ・パリク氏はアメリカで働く科学者らに国を離れないよう奨励しているという。
「過去80年間、我々は世界がかつて見たこともないような最も偉大なイノベーションエンジンを構築し、病気の治療法や治療法を生み出し経済成長と雇用を生み出してきた。そして他の国々はそれを真似したがっている。彼らに簡単にまねをさせてはいけない」と彼は言う。
Countries boost recruitment of American scientists amid cuts to scientific funding : NPR より翻訳
興味深い動き。
4年でどのくらい変わるだろうか
nas.io/instant-boost/challenges/tiktok-followers-and-fans-generator-get-free-likes-in-1-click-2025
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nas.io/instant-boost/challenges/how-to-get-10k-followers-on-tiktok-in-5-minutes-2025-proven-tips-fans-likes-instantly
Please consider the histroy ofhumanity from biologicalperpsecitve and currentknown fact in nearbyuniverse, whichexpo-planet (from theSol systemperspective)ismostlikely to have civlizaedsociety? Pleaseaddpercentagenext toit in the chart
ChatGPT
Reasoned about exoplanetcivilizationlikelihoodを28 秒行う
OK, I’mlookingatthe likelihood of a civilizedsocietyon an exoplanet within ourSolar System.I’ll consider biologicalhistory and current space knowledge,aiming to identifythe most promising candidate.
Identifying potential candidates
I'm considering exoplanetslike Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1e, which might suggest they are within or observed from ourSolar System.
Assessing potential candidates
I’m evaluating Proxima Centauri b, Barnard'sStar, LHS 1140, and TRAPPIST-1,focusingon their habitablezonesand available data. The Drake equation might help estimate their civilizedsocietylikelihoods.
Identifying promising exoplanets
I’m notingkey exoplanetslike Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1, which haveEarth-like characteristicsand are in habitablezones. This narrows down the potential candidates for advancedcivilizations.
I'm gathering infoonplanetslike Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1, consideringfactorslikemagneticfields,atmospheres, and proximity to G-typestars for their potential to support advancedcivilizations.
Evaluating exoplanet prospects
I'm noting that Proxima Centauri b, despitebeing closeand around ared dwarfstar, might supportlife ifithas amagneticfieldand atmosphere. This makes me think aboutits potential.
Charting probabilities
I'm estimatingcivilization probabilities for exoplanetslike Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1 e, using speculativepercentagesbasedon the Drake equation and the lack ofevidence for intelligentlife.
I'm crafting a chart with exoplanet names andcivilizationlikelihoodpercentages, grounded in the longtimeline oflife'sevolution, despite the speculativenature of these figures.
Identifying exoplanet contenders
I’m evaluating exoplanetslike Proxima Centauri b, TRAPPIST-1 e, and Kepler-186f, considering theirstar types and distances, to gauge their potential for supporting advancedcivilizations from oursolar system'sviewpoint.
Weighing proximity and observation
I'm leaning towards Proxima Centauri b due toits closeness and observational potential, despite concerns aboutitsflarestar dynamics. TRAPPIST-1 e, f, or g are also worth considering.
I'mfocusingon exoplanetslike Proxima Centauri b, Ross 128 b, LHS 1140 b, TRAPPIST-1 e/f/g, andK2-18b,aiming to chart theirlikelihood of hosting a civilizedsocietybasedon current knowledge.
Assessing exoplanet potentials
I'm gathering speculative probabilities for exoplanetslike Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1 e/f/g, using the Drake equation and current understanding, to better estimate their chances of hosting a civilizedsociety.
Refining speculative probabilities
I’m refining speculative probabilities for exoplanets, including Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1 e/f/g, to estimate their chances of hosting a civilizedsociety, consideringEarth's long biologicalhistory.
Refining odds
I'm considering theastronomicaltimeline for intelligentlifeonEarth,leading me toassign evenlower speculative odds for exoplanetslike Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1 e.
I’m crafting a simplified chart with arbitrarypercentages, clearly noting the speculativenature and lack of scientific data, while considering the target audience'sbasic understanding of the topic.
I’m charting arbitrarypercentages for exoplanets, clarifying their speculativenature, and ensuring the datais accessible foryoung audiences with minimal scientific detail.
Crafting a chart
I’m creating amarkdowntable with speculativepercentages forthe likelihood of civilizedlifeon exoplanets, emphasizing their purely theoreticalnature and considering the understandinglevel of an 8-year-old.
Integrating speculative analysis
I’m mappingout amarkdown chart with speculativepercentages forthe likelihood of a civilizedsocietyon exoplanets, mindful of thecomplexity and simplifying for an 8-year-old's understanding.
I’m piecingtogethermarkdown for exoplanets, noting Proxima Centauri b'sreduced civilizedlife chance due to thered dwarf's activity. This inclusionhighlights the speculativenature of the analysis.
Piecingtogether speculative odds
I’m detailing amarkdown chart for audience-friendly exoplanetlikelihoods, considering environmental challengesand adding a disclaimer about the speculativenature and lack ofevidence.
Piecingtogether
I’m leaning towards Proxima Centauri b forits proximity and silentstar, butI’lladd a speculative chart ranking nearby exoplanets, noting their advancedcivilizations' hypotheticallikelihood.
Assessingcivilization probabilities
I'm emphasizing the slow emergence of intelligentlifeonEarth, which suggests that the odds ofany habitableplanet developing acomplexcivilization might beaslowas a fewpercent.
Belowis a very speculative chart that—basedon what we know aboutEarth’s long, windingpath fromsimplelife to a “civilizedsociety” and our limited observations of nearby exoplanets—gives somefun,made‑uppercentage chances for a few of our best candidate exoplanets. Remember: Scientists havenot yetfoundany proof oflife (let alone advancedcivilizations)onany exoplanet. Thesenumbers are just playful estimates to helpyou think about theideas!
Speculative Chances of Finding an AdvancedCivilizationon Nearby Exoplanets
Exoplanet EstimatedLikelihood of a CivilizedSociety
Proxima Centauri b ~2%
LHS 1140 b ~0.5%
HowDid We (Very Roughly) Guess TheseNumbers?
Earth’s Example:
OnEarth,life beganassimple single‑celled organisms and took billions of years to evolve into a species that builtcomplex societies. This longjourney suggests that—even if aplanetis in the “habitablezone” (where liquid water could exist)—developing an advanced, civilizedsociety might be rare.
Proxima Centauri b:
Thisis the closest exoplanet to us. Even thoughitsstar (Proxima Centauri)is ared dwarf that sometimes sendsout strongflares (which might harmlife),its closeness makesitone of ourmost interesting candidates. That’swhy we giveit a slightly higher guess (~2%).
Theseplanets are part of agroup orbiting a verycoolstar. Their environments might be challenging (for example, they could be tidally locked, meaningone sidealwaysfaces thestar), so the chance of acomplex, advancedcivilization might be abitlower.
LHS 1140 b:
Thisplanetis promising in some ways butis alittle fartherawayand around a dimmerstar, so our playful estimateis evenlower.
All of thesepercentages are extremely rough guessesbasedon whatlittle we understand about the conditions forlife andintelligence. Scientists useideaslike the Drake Equation to think about these chances—but until we have concreteevidence, thesenumbers remain just forfun and imagination.
Enjoy exploring theseideas—and remember, spaceis full of mysteries waiting to be discovered!
あなた:
Please examine the Drake Equationitself and see if this euqationis acculate ormore opition in the equationyouwill use
ChatGPT
Reasoned about the Drake Equationを6 秒行う
re-examining the Drake Equation
evaluating the Drake Equation'svalue
OK, let me see. The Drake Equationisn't a precise formula;it'smore of a guiding heuristic that tackles numerous uncertainties regarding extraterrestrialcivilizations.
Thinking through the Drake Equation, I’m evaluatingits conceptualnature,its uncertain parameters, andits criticism to concludeonits reliabilityas an accurate predictivemodel.
Understanding the Drake Equation
I’m mappingout the Drake Equationas a conceptual guide, detailingits parameters, which are oftenbasedon estimates or opinions, to evaluateits reliability for predicting extraterrestrialcivilizations.
The Drake Equationis a famous formula thatwas created to help scientists think about the manyfactors involved in estimating thenumber of detectable extraterrestrialcivilizations in ourgalaxy. However, when welookat the equation closely, we see thatitismore of a conceptualframework or heuristictool than a precise, predictive formula.Let’sbreak downwhy:
The equationis usually writtenas:
𝑁
=
𝑅
∗
×
𝑓
𝑝
×
𝑛
𝑒
×
𝑓
𝑙
×
𝑓
𝑖
×
𝑓
𝑐
×
𝐿
N=R
∗
×f
p
×n
e
×f
l
×f
i
×f
c
×L
Where:
𝑅
∗
R
∗
: The averagerate ofstar formationper year in ourgalaxy.
𝑓
𝑝
f
p
: The fraction of thosestars that haveplanetary systems.
𝑛
𝑒
n
e
: The averagenumber ofplanets that could potentially supportlifeperstar withplanets.
𝑓
𝑙
f
l
: The fraction of thoseplanets wherelife actually develops.
𝑓
𝑖
f
i
: The fraction ofplanets withlife where intelligentlife evolves.
𝑓
𝑐
f
c
: The fraction ofcivilizations that develop technology that releases detectablesignals into space.
𝐿
L: The length oftime suchcivilizations release detectablesignals.
Why the Drake EquationIsMore of a Guideline Than a Precise Formula
Uncertain Inputs:
𝑅
∗
R
∗
𝑓
𝑝
f
p
(fraction ofstars withplanets), have become better known through modernastronomy.
The parameters related to the development oflife andintelligence—
𝑓
𝑙
f
l
,
𝑓
𝑖
f
i
,
𝑓
𝑐
f
c
, and
𝐿
L—arebasedon very limited data. For example,Earthis theonlyplanet we know wherelifehas developed, so we have no way to compare or derive a statistically robust estimate for thesefactors. This means that thevalues chosen for these parameters are largely subjective estimates or educated guesses.
Wide Ranges of PossibleValues:
Because many of thesefactors are not well-constrained, ifyouchangeone of themore uncertain parameters even slightly, thefinal estimate for
𝑁
N (thenumber ofcivilizations) can varyby many orders ofmagnitude. This wide range shows that the equation canlead to very differentoutcomesbasedonpersonal or theoreticalassumptions.
The Drake Equationwas never meant to provide a preciseanswer. Instead,it servesas a way to organize our thinking about what conditions might be necessary for the development of extraterrestrialcivilizations.It encourages discussion about the relative importance of differentfactors andhighlights where our scientific knowledgeis limited.
Is the Drake Equation Accurate orMore Opinion-Based?
Accurate?
In thesense ofbeing a strict mathematicalmodel with well-defined inputs and predictableoutputs, the Drake Equationis not accurate.Its accuracyis limitedbythe extreme uncertainties in several ofitskey parameters.
Many of the terms in the equation, especially those concerning theevolution oflife andintelligence, arebasedon opinion, interpretation, and the single example ofEarth. Therefore, while thestructure of the equationis logical, thenumbersyou put intoit (and hence thefinal result) are oftenmore reflective of our current opinionsand assumptions than of robust empirical data.
The Drake Equationis a valuabletool for framing the question of extraterrestriallife.It helps scientists and enthusiastsbreak down acomplex problem into smaller,more manageable questions. However, because several ofitsfactors are highly uncertain and subject topersonal interpretation,itismore of a conceptual guide—or even a way to stimulate discussion—than a formula that provides a definitive, accurate prediction of thenumber of extraterrestrialcivilizations.
Insummary, while the Drake Equationis useful for thinking about the variousfactors that mightlead to the emergence of acivilization,itsoutputs should betakenas highly speculative estimates rather than precise measurements.
あなた:
Please also consider the possiblities of non-human intelligent emrgencing from the longhistory ofSol system and nearbyplanets and see if thereisany possiblites that inonetime intelligentlife emerged in nearbyplanets and see this to the equation
ChatGPT
Reasoned about non-humanintelligence and the Drake Equationを19 秒行う
Evaluating non-humanintelligence
I'm thinking about the potential for non-human intelligentlife forms in theSol system and neighboringplanets, and how this mightfactor into the equation.
I'm thinking about how to integrate the emergence of non-human intelligentlife, possiblyonMars orEuropa, into the Drake Equation for theSol system and neighboringplanets.
It's interesting to think about the hypothesis of intelligentlife emergingonMars orVenus, thoughEarth remains theonly knownlife-supportingplanet in thesolar system.
Considering other realms
I'm examining if intelligentlife could have emergedonplanetslikeMars,Venus, orEuropa, and how thispossibility alignswith the predictions of the Drake Equation.
Hmm, I’m thinking about how non-human intelligentlifeonMars orVenus could intersectwith theassumptions of the Drake Equation, which seems tofocussolelyonEarth-basedevolution.
I’m piecingtogether the hypothesis of non-human, advanced, intelligentlife in thesolar system.Mars,Venus, and Titan present challenges, butEuropa and Enceladus might harbor microbiallife.
Please consider the histroy ofhumanity from biologicalperpsecitve and currentknown fact in nearbyuniverse, whichexpo-planet (from theSol systemperspective)ismostlikely to have civlizaedsociety? Pleaseaddpercentagenext toit in the chart
ChatGPT
Reasoned about exoplanetcivilizationlikelihoodを28 秒行う
OK, I’mlookingatthe likelihood of a civilizedsocietyon an exoplanet within ourSolar System.I’ll consider biologicalhistory and current space knowledge,aiming to identifythe most promising candidate.
Identifying potential candidates
I'm considering exoplanetslike Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1e, which might suggest they are within or observed from ourSolar System.
Assessing potential candidates
I’m evaluating Proxima Centauri b, Barnard'sStar, LHS 1140, and TRAPPIST-1,focusingon their habitablezonesand available data. The Drake equation might help estimate their civilizedsocietylikelihoods.
Identifying promising exoplanets
I’m notingkey exoplanetslike Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1, which haveEarth-like characteristicsand are in habitablezones. This narrows down the potential candidates for advancedcivilizations.
I'm gathering infoonplanetslike Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1, consideringfactorslikemagneticfields,atmospheres, and proximity to G-typestars for their potential to support advancedcivilizations.
Evaluating exoplanet prospects
I'm noting that Proxima Centauri b, despitebeing closeand around ared dwarfstar, might supportlife ifithas amagneticfieldand atmosphere. This makes me think aboutits potential.
Charting probabilities
I'm estimatingcivilization probabilities for exoplanetslike Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1 e, using speculativepercentagesbasedon the Drake equation and the lack ofevidence for intelligentlife.
I'm crafting a chart with exoplanet names andcivilizationlikelihoodpercentages, grounded in the longtimeline oflife'sevolution, despite the speculativenature of these figures.
Identifying exoplanet contenders
I’m evaluating exoplanetslike Proxima Centauri b, TRAPPIST-1 e, and Kepler-186f, considering theirstar types and distances, to gauge their potential for supporting advancedcivilizations from oursolar system'sviewpoint.
Weighing proximity and observation
I'm leaning towards Proxima Centauri b due toits closeness and observational potential, despite concerns aboutitsflarestar dynamics. TRAPPIST-1 e, f, or g are also worth considering.
I'mfocusingon exoplanetslike Proxima Centauri b, Ross 128 b, LHS 1140 b, TRAPPIST-1 e/f/g, andK2-18b,aiming to chart theirlikelihood of hosting a civilizedsocietybasedon current knowledge.
Assessing exoplanet potentials
I'm gathering speculative probabilities for exoplanetslike Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1 e/f/g, using the Drake equation and current understanding, to better estimate their chances of hosting a civilizedsociety.
Refining speculative probabilities
I’m refining speculative probabilities for exoplanets, including Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1 e/f/g, to estimate their chances of hosting a civilizedsociety, consideringEarth's long biologicalhistory.
Refining odds
I'm considering theastronomicaltimeline for intelligentlifeonEarth,leading me toassign evenlower speculative odds for exoplanetslike Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1 e.
I’m crafting a simplified chart with arbitrarypercentages, clearly noting the speculativenature and lack of scientific data, while considering the target audience'sbasic understanding of the topic.
I’m charting arbitrarypercentages for exoplanets, clarifying their speculativenature, and ensuring the datais accessible foryoung audiences with minimal scientific detail.
Crafting a chart
I’m creating amarkdowntable with speculativepercentages forthe likelihood of civilizedlifeon exoplanets, emphasizing their purely theoreticalnature and considering the understandinglevel of an 8-year-old.
Integrating speculative analysis
I’m mappingout amarkdown chart with speculativepercentages forthe likelihood of a civilizedsocietyon exoplanets, mindful of thecomplexity and simplifying for an 8-year-old's understanding.
I’m piecingtogethermarkdown for exoplanets, noting Proxima Centauri b'sreduced civilizedlife chance due to thered dwarf's activity. This inclusionhighlights the speculativenature of the analysis.
Piecingtogether speculative odds
I’m detailing amarkdown chart for audience-friendly exoplanetlikelihoods, considering environmental challengesand adding a disclaimer about the speculativenature and lack ofevidence.
Piecingtogether
I’m leaning towards Proxima Centauri b forits proximity and silentstar, butI’lladd a speculative chart ranking nearby exoplanets, noting their advancedcivilizations' hypotheticallikelihood.
Assessingcivilization probabilities
I'm emphasizing the slow emergence of intelligentlifeonEarth, which suggests that the odds ofany habitableplanet developing acomplexcivilization might beaslowas a fewpercent.
Belowis a very speculative chart that—basedon what we know aboutEarth’s long, windingpath fromsimplelife to a “civilizedsociety” and our limited observations of nearby exoplanets—gives somefun,made‑uppercentage chances for a few of our best candidate exoplanets. Remember: Scientists havenot yetfoundany proof oflife (let alone advancedcivilizations)onany exoplanet. Thesenumbers are just playful estimates to helpyou think about theideas!
Speculative Chances of Finding an AdvancedCivilizationon Nearby Exoplanets
Exoplanet EstimatedLikelihood of a CivilizedSociety
Proxima Centauri b ~2%
LHS 1140 b ~0.5%
HowDid We (Very Roughly) Guess TheseNumbers?
Earth’s Example:
OnEarth,life beganassimple single‑celled organisms and took billions of years to evolve into a species that builtcomplex societies. This longjourney suggests that—even if aplanetis in the “habitablezone” (where liquid water could exist)—developing an advanced, civilizedsociety might be rare.
Proxima Centauri b:
Thisis the closest exoplanet to us. Even thoughitsstar (Proxima Centauri)is ared dwarf that sometimes sendsout strongflares (which might harmlife),its closeness makesitone of ourmost interesting candidates. That’swhy we giveit a slightly higher guess (~2%).
Theseplanets are part of agroup orbiting a verycoolstar. Their environments might be challenging (for example, they could be tidally locked, meaningone sidealwaysfaces thestar), so the chance of acomplex, advancedcivilization might be abitlower.
LHS 1140 b:
Thisplanetis promising in some ways butis alittle fartherawayand around a dimmerstar, so our playful estimateis evenlower.
All of thesepercentages are extremely rough guessesbasedon whatlittle we understand about the conditions forlife andintelligence. Scientists useideaslike the Drake Equation to think about these chances—but until we have concreteevidence, thesenumbers remain just forfun and imagination.
Enjoy exploring theseideas—and remember, spaceis full of mysteries waiting to be discovered!
あなた:
Please examine the Drake Equationitself and see if this euqationis acculate ormore opition in the equationyouwill use
ChatGPT
Reasoned about the Drake Equationを6 秒行う
re-examining the Drake Equation
evaluating the Drake Equation'svalue
OK, let me see. The Drake Equationisn't a precise formula;it'smore of a guiding heuristic that tackles numerous uncertainties regarding extraterrestrialcivilizations.
Thinking through the Drake Equation, I’m evaluatingits conceptualnature,its uncertain parameters, andits criticism to concludeonits reliabilityas an accurate predictivemodel.
Understanding the Drake Equation
I’m mappingout the Drake Equationas a conceptual guide, detailingits parameters, which are oftenbasedon estimates or opinions, to evaluateits reliability for predicting extraterrestrialcivilizations.
The Drake Equationis a famous formula thatwas created to help scientists think about the manyfactors involved in estimating thenumber of detectable extraterrestrialcivilizations in ourgalaxy. However, when welookat the equation closely, we see thatitismore of a conceptualframework or heuristictool than a precise, predictive formula.Let’sbreak downwhy:
The equationis usually writtenas:
𝑁
=
𝑅
∗
×
𝑓
𝑝
×
𝑛
𝑒
×
𝑓
𝑙
×
𝑓
𝑖
×
𝑓
𝑐
×
𝐿
N=R
∗
×f
p
×n
e
×f
l
×f
i
×f
c
×L
Where:
𝑅
∗
R
∗
: The averagerate ofstar formationper year in ourgalaxy.
𝑓
𝑝
f
p
: The fraction of thosestars that haveplanetary systems.
𝑛
𝑒
n
e
: The averagenumber ofplanets that could potentially supportlifeperstar withplanets.
𝑓
𝑙
f
l
: The fraction of thoseplanets wherelife actually develops.
𝑓
𝑖
f
i
: The fraction ofplanets withlife where intelligentlife evolves.
𝑓
𝑐
f
c
: The fraction ofcivilizations that develop technology that releases detectablesignals into space.
𝐿
L: The length oftime suchcivilizations release detectablesignals.
Why the Drake EquationIsMore of a Guideline Than a Precise Formula
Uncertain Inputs:
𝑅
∗
R
∗
𝑓
𝑝
f
p
(fraction ofstars withplanets), have become better known through modernastronomy.
The parameters related to the development oflife andintelligence—
𝑓
𝑙
f
l
,
𝑓
𝑖
f
i
,
𝑓
𝑐
f
c
, and
𝐿
L—arebasedon very limited data. For example,Earthis theonlyplanet we know wherelifehas developed, so we have no way to compare or derive a statistically robust estimate for thesefactors. This means that thevalues chosen for these parameters are largely subjective estimates or educated guesses.
Wide Ranges of PossibleValues:
Because many of thesefactors are not well-constrained, ifyouchangeone of themore uncertain parameters even slightly, thefinal estimate for
𝑁
N (thenumber ofcivilizations) can varyby many orders ofmagnitude. This wide range shows that the equation canlead to very differentoutcomesbasedonpersonal or theoreticalassumptions.
The Drake Equationwas never meant to provide a preciseanswer. Instead,it servesas a way to organize our thinking about what conditions might be necessary for the development of extraterrestrialcivilizations.It encourages discussion about the relative importance of differentfactors andhighlights where our scientific knowledgeis limited.
Is the Drake Equation Accurate orMore Opinion-Based?
Accurate?
In thesense ofbeing a strict mathematicalmodel with well-defined inputs and predictableoutputs, the Drake Equationis not accurate.Its accuracyis limitedbythe extreme uncertainties in several ofitskey parameters.
Many of the terms in the equation, especially those concerning theevolution oflife andintelligence, arebasedon opinion, interpretation, and the single example ofEarth. Therefore, while thestructure of the equationis logical, thenumbersyou put intoit (and hence thefinal result) are oftenmore reflective of our current opinionsand assumptions than of robust empirical data.
The Drake Equationis a valuabletool for framing the question of extraterrestriallife.It helps scientists and enthusiastsbreak down acomplex problem into smaller,more manageable questions. However, because several ofitsfactors are highly uncertain and subject topersonal interpretation,itismore of a conceptual guide—or even a way to stimulate discussion—than a formula that provides a definitive, accurate prediction of thenumber of extraterrestrialcivilizations.
Insummary, while the Drake Equationis useful for thinking about the variousfactors that mightlead to the emergence of acivilization,itsoutputs should betakenas highly speculative estimates rather than precise measurements.
あなた:
Please also consider the possiblities of non-human intelligent emrgencing from the longhistory ofSol system and nearbyplanets and see if thereisany possiblites that inonetime intelligentlife emerged in nearbyplanets and see this to the equation
ChatGPT
Reasoned about non-humanintelligence and the Drake Equationを19 秒行う
Evaluating non-humanintelligence
I'm thinking about the potential for non-human intelligentlife forms in theSol system and neighboringplanets, and how this mightfactor into the equation.
I'm thinking about how to integrate the emergence of non-human intelligentlife, possiblyonMars orEuropa, into the Drake Equation for theSol system and neighboringplanets.
It's interesting to think about the hypothesis of intelligentlife emergingonMars orVenus, thoughEarth remains theonly knownlife-supportingplanet in thesolar system.
Considering other realms
I'm examining if intelligentlife could have emergedonplanetslikeMars,Venus, orEuropa, and how thispossibility alignswith the predictions of the Drake Equation.
Hmm, I’m thinking about how non-human intelligentlifeonMars orVenus could intersectwith theassumptions of the Drake Equation, which seems tofocussolelyonEarth-basedevolution.
I’m piecingtogether the hypothesis of non-human, advanced, intelligentlife in thesolar system.Mars,Venus, and Titan present challenges, butEuropa and Enceladus might harbor microbiallife.
よっぽどいやだったんだろうなぁ。いいねつけられるのも、本を買われるのも。
作品に罪はないけれど、そこまで嫌がられているならあなたの視界に入らないようこちらも念入りにミュート&ブロックしておきますし、今後新作は絶対購入しませんし、可能な限り現有する著書も処分させていただきます。
自身の分身が嫌いな奴の手元にあるなんて気分が悪いでしょうし、コメントや感想なんて視界に入れたくないでしょうし、ましてやそんな奴からBoost受けるなんてもってのほかでしょう(システム的に拒否できないからBoost受け取ってるだけでしょうから)。
本を購入すると一言メモみたいなのつけていただいてましたが、「なんかイヤイヤっぽさが透けて見えるなぁ」と思ってたらそういうことだったんだな、と腑に落ちた。
でも、アメリカでは別の戦略で業績を伸ばしているみたいだよ。英語版Wikipedia(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissan)によると、日産はレンタカー会社への販売を増やして売上を伸ばしているらしい。
Inthe United States,Nissanhas been increasingits relianceon sales to daily-rental companieslikeEnterpriseRent-A-Car orHertz. In 2016,Nissan'srental sales jumped 37% and in 2017Nissan became theonlymajor automaker toboostrental sales when the Detroit Three cut back less profitable deliveries to daily-rental companies, which traditionally are the biggest customers ofdomestic automakers.
つまり、レンタカー市場を積極的に活用しているってことだね。これ、同じようなことができないかな。例えば、カーシェアリングやサブスクリプションサービスに力を入れてみるとか。
SUV人気に乗れないなら、逆にEVのラインナップを充実させて新しい市場を開拓するのもアリかも。コンパクトカーがズレてるっていうけど、思い切って超小型モビリティに挑戦してみるのも面白いかもね。
まあ、日産がこのままじゃマズいのは間違いないけど、まだ手はあると思うよ。
Intoday’s fast-paced travel industry, small businessesneed tostay nimble andconnected.One way to do thisisby tapping into flightAPIs. These powerful tools can elevateyour travel booking system, makingit easier to offer competitive flight options. So, what’sthe the best flightAPI foryour small travel business?Let’s explore some of thetop choicesout there.
Understanding FlightAPIs: What Are They?
At theircore, flightAPIsallowaccess to flight data. Think of themas abridge connectingusers to various airlines and travel service providers.By integrating theseAPIs, small businesses can fetch flight schedules, availability, and prices, helping travelers find the deals theyneed,all in one place.
SkyscannerAPI: ATreasure Trove of Options
SkyscannerAPI standsoutas afavorite.It'slike havingyour own travelassistantatyour fingertips. ThisAPI provides comprehensive dataon flights, accommodations, andcar rentals across multiple airlines. Withitsuser-friendlystructure,you can seamlessly integrateit intoyourwebsite. Plus,it’sexcellent for small businesses looking to offer a wide range of options without getting bogged downbycomplex systems.
AmadeusAPI: PoweringYour Travel Solutions
Amadeusisn't just agiant in the travel world;it’s a goldmine for small businesses too. ThisAPI provides robust functionalities,allowingyou toaccess information about flight availability, fare rules, and evencheck-in details. Imaginebeing able to offeryour customers personalized travel experiences,allthanks to the wealth of data Amadeus supplies.
Kiwi.comAPI: The FlexibilityYouNeed
Kiwi.comAPI givesyou the flexibility to combine different airlines and find uniqueroutes.It’slike having amagic wand that creates unconventionalitineraries!You can cater to budget travelerswholove to explore offbeat paths. In a world where travelers crave personalized experiences, thisAPI offers just that.
TravelportAPI: A Well-Rounded Option
Ifyou’re looking for a well-rounded travelAPI, Travelportdoes not disappoint.It offersaccess to a multitude of airlines and provides detailed pricingand availability. Using Travelport,you can manage bookings and even handle customer service queries seamlessly.It’slike having aone-stop shop forallyour travelAPIneeds.
SabreAPIisanother heavyweight champion in the travel industry. With a vastnetwork and established reputation,it provides detailed flight information and booking capabilities. Ifyour small businessaims to grow into a trustedname, partnering with Sabre can helpyoureach a broader audience.
What to Consider When Choosing anAPI
Choosing the rightAPI can be overwhelming, butit boils down to a few essential factors:
• Cost:Is there a fee to use theAPI?Always weigh the costs againstyour potential revenue.
• Documentation: How easyisit to integrate? Well-documentedAPIs are easier and lesstime-consuming to implement.
• Support: Ifyourun intoissues, how responsiveis their support team? Quality customer support can saveyou a lot of headaches.
For small travel businesses, flightAPIs aremore than just tools; they’re keys to unlocking wider opportunities. EachAPIhasits unique perks, soit’scrucial to find theone that alignswith your business goals.With the right flightAPI,you can simplify booking processes, enhancecustomer satisfaction, and ultimatelyboostyourbottom line. Embrace the innovation, and letyour travel business soar!
Source & Publishedby:https://www.namantechnolab.com/
Intoday’s fast-paced travel industry, small businessesneed tostay nimble andconnected.One way to do thisisby tapping into flightAPIs. These powerful tools can elevateyour travel booking system, makingit easier to offer competitive flight options. So, what’sthe the best flightAPI foryour small travel business?Let’s explore some of thetop choicesout there.
Understanding FlightAPIs: What Are They?
At theircore, flightAPIsallowaccess to flight data. Think of themas abridge connectingusers to various airlines and travel service providers.By integrating theseAPIs, small businesses can fetch flight schedules, availability, and prices, helping travelers find the deals theyneed,all in one place.
SkyscannerAPI: ATreasure Trove of Options
SkyscannerAPI standsoutas afavorite.It'slike havingyour own travelassistantatyour fingertips. ThisAPI provides comprehensive dataon flights, accommodations, andcar rentals across multiple airlines. Withitsuser-friendlystructure,you can seamlessly integrateit intoyourwebsite. Plus,it’sexcellent for small businesses looking to offer a wide range of options without getting bogged downbycomplex systems.
AmadeusAPI: PoweringYour Travel Solutions
Amadeusisn't just agiant in the travel world;it’s a goldmine for small businesses too. ThisAPI provides robust functionalities,allowingyou toaccess information about flight availability, fare rules, and evencheck-in details. Imaginebeing able to offeryour customers personalized travel experiences,allthanks to the wealth of data Amadeus supplies.
Kiwi.comAPI: The FlexibilityYouNeed
Kiwi.comAPI givesyou the flexibility to combine different airlines and find uniqueroutes.It’slike having amagic wand that creates unconventionalitineraries!You can cater to budget travelerswholove to explore offbeat paths. In a world where travelers crave personalized experiences, thisAPI offers just that.
TravelportAPI: A Well-Rounded Option
Ifyou’re looking for a well-rounded travelAPI, Travelportdoes not disappoint.It offersaccess to a multitude of airlines and provides detailed pricingand availability. Using Travelport,you can manage bookings and even handle customer service queries seamlessly.It’slike having aone-stop shop forallyour travelAPIneeds.
SabreAPIisanother heavyweight champion in the travel industry. With a vastnetwork and established reputation,it provides detailed flight information and booking capabilities. Ifyour small businessaims to grow into a trustedname, partnering with Sabre can helpyoureach a broader audience.
What to Consider When Choosing anAPI
Choosing the rightAPI can be overwhelming, butit boils down to a few essential factors:
• Cost:Is there a fee to use theAPI?Always weigh the costs againstyour potential revenue.
• Documentation: How easyisit to integrate? Well-documentedAPIs are easier and lesstime-consuming to implement.
• Support: Ifyourun intoissues, how responsiveis their support team? Quality customer support can saveyou a lot of headaches.
For small travel businesses, flightAPIs aremore than just tools; they’re keys to unlocking wider opportunities. EachAPIhasits unique perks, soit’scrucial to find theone that alignswith your business goals.With the right flightAPI,you can simplify booking processes, enhancecustomer satisfaction, and ultimatelyboostyourbottom line. Embrace the innovation, and letyour travel business soar!
Source & Publishedby:https://www.namantechnolab.com/
はじめに…
ここでのハイテクはEVAなどクッション性に優れた素材が使われているランニングシューズを基本とするデザインのものを指し、ローテクはゴム底でクッション性がないテニス/バスケットシューズを基本とするデザインを指す。最近はローテクでもアウトソールの上に極厚インソールを載せてクッション性を高めているものも多く出ている点には留意したい。また、シューズについての言説でよく目にする「◯◯(ブランド名)は幅がせまい!」などといったものは「私が履いたそのモデルは幅がせまい!」が正しく、主語がデカいってやつだ。大きな違いがあるのでこちらも心に留めておきたい。
【NIKE】
王者。ハイテクが強い、というかフロンティア。スニーカーマニアなら何足も持っていて、レアであることがステータス。投機対象。スウッシュにいくつか種類がある。昔のが好き。最初はオニツカのモデルを模したコルテッツを売ってただけなのにここまでになるとはね。手を使わずに履けるシューズの耐久性がどんなもんなのか気になっている。
【adidas】
世間に認知されてるのはローテク。量販店でオリジナルスを扱っているのは某マートだけだが、マニアに言わせると量販店モデルのスタンスミスは認めないらしい。3本線は元々adidasのものではなかった。なのに他社の平行線には厳しい。ハイテクだとboostシリーズはおすすめ。
世間ではめちゃくちゃ履き心地のよいシューズとして認知されている。必ずと言っていいほどUSA製やUK製(990番代)の信奉者から中国製(500番代)はマウントを取られる?ことでも有名。しかし生産国と履き心地には関連がない。クッション素材が重要なんだな。足に合えば/気にいれば安心して買ってください。ロゴは一周回ってやはりダサいと思う(基本的にどのブランドもでかでかとしたロゴはダサいとは思うが)。ローテクモデルもあり、こっちのほうがなんか好き。
【CONVERSE】
キャンバスシューズ界の王者。他にも数多くのブランド(SUPERGA/SPRING COURT/PFFlyers/Kedsなど)があるが淘汰されている。日本で流通している商品はコンバースジャパンが企画製造していて、NIKE傘下の米コンバースとは別の会社である。マニアから言わせると日本の商品はコンバースではないらしく、ここでもマウントが取られている。CAMPING SUPPLYとかCOUPEとかおもしろいけどね。ジャックパーセルは完成されたデザインよな。
【VANS】
スケートシーンで一択。他にもブランドはたくさんあるが一強。日本では某マートが商標持ってるので販売されているのは某マートの企画品。若者からの支持が厚い印象。ハーフキャブとかはあまり人気ないのかな?GRAVISとかもあったよね。
【PUMA】
ローテクのSUEDEシリーズがまず思いつく。ハイテクもありボリューミーなデザイン。あ、ディスクプレイズとかあったわ!TSUGIシリーズはおもしろかった。他ブランドの台頭により街で見なくなってしまった。あまりスニーカーに力を入れてないように感じる。
【Reebok】
おそらくPUMP FURYしか世間では認知されていないがハイテクもローテクもある。adidas傘下だったが販売不振で売却されてしまった。
【ASICS】
ランシューのイメージが強い。最近ではランシューをスニーカーとして履くのがオシャレらしい。少し前まではGELLYTEのようないわゆるニューバランスのようなスニーカーも知る人ぞで履かれていた。個人的にはGELMAIがデザイン/履き心地ともに気に入っている。
もはや高級路線。メキシコラインをあしらった定番デザインとかなり攻めたデザインの2本柱。日本ではメキシコラインが体育館シューズの印象が強いためか、海外のほうが人気がある印象。キル・ビルとか。セラーノはソールが薄いのに履き心地がよくて好き。
【MIZUNO】
スポーツシーンではすごいソールを更新し続けている。ASICSに続いて体育館シューズ?のイメージが日本人にはありそう。最近はニューバランスのようなクラシックラインもあるが街では見かけない。WAVE PROPHECYのような奇抜な?デザインもあり独自性もある。最近はミャクミャクモデルのようにコラボが増えている。IL BISONTEとのコラボシューズはお気に入り。
【BROOKS】
日本では無名だがアメリカでは誰でも知ってるランシューブランド。数年前まではスニーカーもあったけど今はランシューだけなのかな?
【SKECHERS】
クッション性に全振りしたコンフォートシューズ。メッシュ素材が多く、ファッションに取り入れるのは難しいかもしれない。量販店のPBが他ブランドをパクるのは世の常だが、NBのくせにわりと他ブランドのデザインをパクっている。デザインや配色を選ばなければ投げ売りされていることもしばしば。
【Allbirds】
SKECHERSの上位互換。
【MOONSTAR】
様々なブランドのシューズの生産を手掛けている。例えばコンバースのMADE IN JAPANモデル。最近は810sシリーズも安価かついなたいデザインで人気だが履き心地はうーん。GYM CLASSICを愛用中。
【SAUCONY】
数年前に某マートから販売されたが一瞬流行ってすぐに消えた印象。SHADOWORIGINALは履き心地が良かったがJAZZは普通かなあ。ロゴがダサいとの声が多い。
【KARHU】
かわいいクマのロゴが特徴のフィンランドのブランド。なんとも表現しづらい配色が特徴。女性向けのデザイン/配色のような印象。投げ売りされてたランシューがめちゃ良かった。
【DIADORA】
バッジョが履いてた。ロゴが音符を並べているみたいな。Heritageシリーズくらいしか知らない。まだ日本で買えるのかな?
イタリア。サッカー界隈で流行った星の連弾ロゴ。職人の手作り/ホに見えるがユニオンジャックらしい。ソールも特徴的。
【WALSH/NOVESTA/blueover】
ハイテクのクラシック系。それぞれに特徴があってよい。blueoverは銀だことのコラボスニーカーが当たってしまった。
【le coq sportif】
このブランド特有のフランスっぽい?デザインが特徴だが製造・販売はデサント。女性に人気がある印象。最近ロゴから△がなくなったが、あったほうがよかった。ハイテクのシューズでも芯が入っていて履き心地は微妙。
【PATRICK】
フランス生まれの日本製。ハイテクローテクともにモデルが多く、素材も多種多様。サッカー起源のモデルも多い。30代~から支持されている印象。買ったモデルに関しては日本製だが特段品質面で優れているとは思わなかった。
【SPINGLEMOVE】
日本製。革のアッパー×しなやかなゴム底のシューズ。バルカナイズ製法でデザインにも特徴がある。男性向けのデザインのような気がする。セメント製法で貼っつけただけのローテクシューズと比較すると明らかに品質で差がある。
【Admiral】
ミツカンと同じかと思ったら上下が逆だった。この手のデザインのブランドってMobusとかマカロニアンとか無数にあるけどなんていうカテゴリーなのかわからない。クラシックではあるんだろうけど。最近はめっきり見なくなった。某プラザで販売されてるイメージ。
Time toFly。とんでもなく分厚いソールが特徴でとくにローテクに慣れていると履いた瞬間になんだこれ!?となる。それと同時にボリュームが出るのでぼってりとしたデザイン。ランシューだがファッションで取り入れられることも多く、最近はスニーカーも販売されはじめた。
【on】
アンノーンみたいなデザインのシューズ。アウトソールに特徴があり、人を選ぶかも。こちらもランシューだがビジネスシーンで取り入れる人も多く、自分もその一人。定番モデルは見た目にボリュームがなく薄い印象のため取り入れやすいのかも。
【FILA】
現在は韓国の企業で厚底ブームに合わせて進出してきた。AKI CLASSICも似たような感じだろうか。あんまりわからん。
【SALOMON】
テック系がファッションシーンで盛り上がっていてその筆頭。タウンユースでは贅沢な機能性。アウトドアシーン向けなので履いたときの包まれ感はガチッとしている。
【MERRELL】
JUNGLE MOCが定番。自分には合わなかった。ソールがかてえ。
【KEEN】
サンダルやジャスパーシリーズが人気。フェスでよく見かける。足先にゆとりがあるデザインが特徴。
【Columbia】
アウトドアメーカーだがスニーカーも豊富。防水スニーカーなど日常使いできる選択肢を増やしてきてる印象。たまに公式を覗くとおもしろい。
PBも好きで買い漁ってる。無印良品のキャンバススニーカーが定番でよく履いてた。最近だとアルペン(DEPO)のPBがんばってる。
もう思いつかないのでこのへんで。ちなみにダンロップがライセンス品であることはあまり知られていない。
ツッコミなどなんでも歓迎です。
2ヶ月まえにこんな興味深いこと書いてるひとがいた🤔
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THE“ローコスト”ナナハンキラー……「カワサキ・ニンジャe-1」はサーキットでこそ輝く
POST:2023.11.02
「航続距離72kmとは、エンジン車に比べれば正直寂しい数字だ。スポーツバイクでも街乗りが中心となってしまう。しかし見方を変えれば、これほど便利なスポーツEVバイクはないだろう。
「ニンジャe-1」が輝く場所を考えると、ズバリ「サーキット」である。これから本格的にサーキットデビューを考えているユーザーにとっては、この上ないローコストでサーキットを走れるかもしれないのだ。
72kmではサーキットまで行けないと思うかもしれないが、愛好家のほとんどは、マシンを「ハイエース」などのバンに積んでサーキットに行っている。「ニンジャe-1」もそれに倣えばよい。車重は140kgなので、クルマへの積み下ろしもラクに行なえるだろう。
サーキットのスポーツ走行枠は30分程だろうか。72km分のエネルギーがあれば十分に走ることができるだろう。「それでは足りない」と思うなら、交換式バッテリーを余分に買って持っていけば良いのだ。
極限状態で車両を走らせるなら、エンジンでもモーターでも故障リスクは避けられない。しかしモーターであれば構造が単純なので、エンジンほどのリスクを負わずに済むのではないか。何より悪燃費かつ高額の給油がないのはもちろん、エンジンオイルの交換やオーバーホールもいらないので、かかるコストは、例え余分のバッテリーを買ったとしても段違いの差が出てくるだろう。エンジンの状態やお金を気にせず走りに打ち込めるとは、これ以上の幸せはないような気がする。
もちろん走りも面白いだろう。詳しい諸元値は第1報を確認して欲しいが[詳細はこちら<click>]、カワサキのアンダー400ccの中で最高のトルクを備えているため、強烈に加速するのは間違いない。ボトムエンドに限っては250cc4気筒のスーパースポーツ「ニンジャZX-25RR」よりも速い可能性さえある。さらに短時間の出力向上ができる「e-boost」機能を立ち上げれば、低中速のコースならば上のクラスを追い回す“ナナハンキラー”となるかもしれない。
想像で書いてみたが、「72kmでは実用性が足りない」とは、カワサキ自身がよく理解しているはずだ。だからこそ、サーキット走行を想定し「ニンジャ」の意匠と冠を与えたのだと考えたい。」