
はてなキーワード:Italyとは
一日券も年間パスも実質2000円
まだできたばかりなので情報が少ない。みんな書こう。
https://expo2025.fun/tag/food-available/
人気パビリオンは予約制です。
事前予約で1つ押さえ、残りは当日アプリを使って予約を取る必要があります。
EXPO2025Perosnal Agent というアプリを使います。類似のアプリが多いので注意!
公式アプリはゴミです。パビリオンの予約、食事の予約、トイレ、混雑情報など全て Personal Agent が必要です。
事前に予約するもの一覧:
海外パビリオンは事前予約なしで入れるところが多く、特に夜はあまり並ばずに入れるようです。(注:イタリアについては後述)
流れ:
第5志望までの申し込み。土日狙いの人は高倍率です。
イタリアはItalyExpo 2025 という独自のアプリから予約が可能です(今のところ)
パビリオンに落ちてもアプリから申し込めるということで裏技的に共有されています。
https://www.transport.expo2025.or.jp/route/bus/
https://parking-reserve.expo2025.or.jp/guide/flow/
1.日時仮予約
2. 決済(1ヶ月前に依頼メールが来る)
3.車両ナンバー登録(念のためQRコードのスクリーンショットを撮っておく)
(新規予約/空き情報確認 → 駐車場予約 → 車両ナンバー )
4.ETCカードナンバー登録(希望者のみ:割引して欲しい人)
海外飯には興味ない、安く日本のチェーン店で済ませたいという人はフードコートを利用すると思います。土日利用の人は事前の座席予約がおすすめです
https://www.shirohato.com/expo2025/osakanorenmeguriexpo2025/
ここから印刷用公式マップ予約なしパビリオンマップを印刷する。ついでにイベントと混雑予想も確認しておく。
お金を出せる人は万博ぴあを買おう。見やすくて大きい地図がある。
https://www.youtube.com/@Expo2025-Live-Camera
リング半周15分ほどかかるらしい
移動に30分は余裕を持たせたい
予約の詰め込みすぎに注意
アプリによる同時予約枠は1個まで。
うっかり夜のイベントを予約してしまうとその間予約が取れなくなってしまう。
そんな場合は会場6箇所に設置されている当日登録端末を利用する。
これらは別カウント
フードロス削減うんぬん、見切り特売品情報。
台湾は政治的事情で参加できないがTECH WORLD館という名前で参加している
あと何書くか忘れた
人気パビリオンについてもそのうちまとめる
これらの街に共通することはなんだと思う?
1.Bradford,United Kingdom 🇬🇧
2.Marseille,France 🇫🇷
3.Coventry,United Kingdom 🇬🇧
4.Birmingham,United Kingdom 🇬🇧
5.Montpellier,France 🇫🇷
6.Naples,Italy 🇮🇹
8.Grenoble,France 🇫🇷
13.Lyon,France 🇫🇷
14.Manchester,United Kingdom 🇬🇧
15.Athens,Greece 🇬🇷
ゴシックという用語は15世紀イタリアのルネサンス時代に使われ始めました
ルネサンスの文化人は、ゴシック様式を野蛮なものだと思っていたため、ゴシックという言葉は粗野と同義語でした
The term 'Gothic'was first used to describe thisscript in 15th-centuryItaly, in the midst of the Renaissance, because Renaissance Humanists believeditwas barbaric. Gothicwas a synonym for barbaric. Several fonts were classified under this new term due to their black lettered style.
ゴシックという用語は15世紀イタリアのルネサンス時代に使われ始めました
ルネサンスの文化人は、ゴシック様式を野蛮なものだと思っていたため、ゴシックという言葉は粗野と同義語でした
The term 'Gothic'was first used to describe thisscript in 15th-centuryItaly, in the midst of the Renaissance, because Renaissance Humanists believeditwas barbaric. Gothicwas a synonym for barbaric. Several fonts were classified under this new term due to their black lettered style.
単位人件費あたりのGDPが金銭的な投資効率であったのに対し、単位労働時間あたりのGDPはいわば働き方改革で言われるような労働者の幸福度に関係する指標と言える。
つまり労働時間1時間あたりにどれだけのGDPを生み出すのかということである。これが高ければ高いほど、労働時間を減らしても国民は裕福に暮らせるというわけだ。
単位を見ると、GDPper capita = $/1人年, work hours =時間/1人年,GDPper capita / work hours = $/時間
| gdpper capita | work hours | CountryName | gdpper capita / work hours |
|---|---|---|---|
| 142214 | 1473.26 | Luxembourg | 96.5302 |
| 114899 | 1424.58 | Norway | 80.6543 |
| 126905 | 1657.47 | Ireland | 76.5657 |
| 83598.5 | 1528.66 | Switzerland | 54.6874 |
| 74005.5 | 1371.61 | Denmark | 53.9553 |
| 69577.4 | 1427.02 | Netherlands | 48.7573 |
| 69081.3 | 1449.22 | Iceland | 47.6679 |
| 63149.6 | 1340.86 | Germany | 47.0963 |
| 67935.8 | 1443.72 | Austria | 47.0561 |
| 64578.4 | 1440.46 | Sweden | 44.8318 |
| 65027.3 | 1525.82 | Belgium | 42.6181 |
| 76398.6 | 1810.94 | United States | 42.1872 |
| 59026.7 | 1498.07 | Finland | 39.4019 |
| 55492.6 | 1511.4 | France | 36.716 |
| 62625.4 | 1707.33 | Australia | 36.6804 |
| 54602.5 | 1531.71 | United Kingdom | 35.648 |
| 58399.5 | 1686 | Canada | 34.6379 |
| 50031.7 | 1619.01 | Slovenia | 30.9026 |
| 51865 | 1694.45 | Italy | 30.6087 |
| 48396.7 | 1624.16 | Lithuania | 29.7981 |
| 51966.9 | 1748 | New Zealand | 29.7293 |
| 55927.9 | 1881.93 | Malta | 29.7184 |
| 49945.5 | 1754.05 | Czechia | 28.4744 |
| 45572.7 | 1607 | Japan | 28.359 |
| 45825.2 | 1643.55 | Spain | 27.8819 |
| 49930.9 | 1837.1 | Cyprus | 27.1792 |
| 46697.4 | 1770.41 | Estonia | 26.3766 |
| 50069.8 | 1901 | Korea, Rep. | 26.3387 |
| 49509.1 | 1891.9 | Israel | 26.169 |
| 39956.2 | 1553.24 | Latvia | 25.7245 |
| 41451.6 | 1635.1 | Portugal | 25.3512 |
| 41906.7 | 1699.6 | Hungary | 24.6568 |
| 43268.5 | 1814.79 | Poland | 23.8421 |
| 41887.9 | 1808.23 | Romania | 23.1651 |
| 37459.5 | 1622.07 | Slovak Republic | 23.0937 |
| 40379.6 | 1810.5 | Croatia | 22.303 |
| 37273.7 | 1732.09 | Turkiye | 21.5195 |
| 33582.3 | 1618.73 | Bulgaria | 20.746 |
| 36834.9 | 1886.29 | Greece | 19.5276 |
| 36484.7 | 1874 | Russian Federation | 19.4689 |
| 30208.8 | 1962.8 | Chile | 15.3907 |
| 24922.7 | 2149 | Costa Rica | 11.5973 |
| 21512.3 | 2226.3 | Mexico | 9.66279 |
| 20287.4 | 2405.39 | Colombia | 8.43416 |
| gdpper capita | salary | CountryName | gdpper capita / salary |
|---|---|---|---|
| 126905 | 52242.6 | Ireland | 2.42915 |
| 114899 | 53755.9 | Norway | 2.13742 |
| 142214 | 78310.1 | Luxembourg | 1.81603 |
| 49945.5 | 33475.5 | Czechia | 1.492 |
| 41906.7 | 28474.6 | Hungary | 1.47172 |
| 37459.5 | 26262.8 | Slovak Republic | 1.42633 |
| 36834.9 | 25979 | Greece | 1.41787 |
| 46697.4 | 34704.6 | Estonia | 1.34557 |
| 41451.6 | 31921.7 | Portugal | 1.29854 |
| 21512.3 | 16685.4 | Mexico | 1.28929 |
| 64578.4 | 50406.8 | Sweden | 1.28114 |
| 37273.7 | 31761 | Turkiye | 1.17357 |
| 43268.5 | 36896.6 | Poland | 1.1727 |
| 39956.2 | 34136.2 | Latvia | 1.17049 |
| 51865 | 44893.3 | Italy | 1.15529 |
| 74005.5 | 64126.7 | Denmark | 1.15405 |
| 83598.5 | 72993 | Switzerland | 1.14529 |
| 59026.7 | 51835.9 | Finland | 1.13872 |
| 49509.1 | 44155.9 | Israel | 1.12123 |
| 48396.7 | 43874.6 | Lithuania | 1.10307 |
| 69577.4 | 63225 | Netherlands | 1.10047 |
| 45572.7 | 41509.2 | Japan | 1.09789 |
| 63149.6 | 58940.3 | Germany | 1.07142 |
| 45825.2 | 42859.3 | Spain | 1.0692 |
| 67935.8 | 63801.6 | Austria | 1.0648 |
| 50031.7 | 47203.6 | Slovenia | 1.05991 |
| 62625.4 | 59407.9 | Australia | 1.05416 |
| 55492.6 | 52763.6 | France | 1.05172 |
| 51966.9 | 50722.5 | New Zealand | 1.02453 |
| 50069.8 | 48921.9 | Korea, Rep. | 1.02346 |
| 54602.5 | 53985.1 | United Kingdom | 1.01144 |
| 65027.3 | 64847.6 | Belgium | 1.00277 |
| 58399.5 | 59050.4 | Canada | 0.988978 |
| 76398.6 | 77463.5 | United States | 0.986253 |
| 30208.8 | 33042.3 | Chile | 0.914246 |
| 20287.4 | 22248.5 | Colombia | 0.911855 |
| 69081.3 | 79473.4 | Iceland | 0.869238 |
| 24922.7 | 31117.8 | Costa Rica | 0.800912 |
しかし彼の作る家具には寸分の狂いもなく、ガタつきも緩みもない様子を敬意をこめて”ドン・ピシャリ”と呼ぶようになった。
そこから転じて様々な要素が狂いもなく合致する様が”ドンピシャリ”と言うようになったのである。
しかし、それを快く思わない者もいて、人間性のない四角四面な言動や取り付く島もない様な物言いを、敬称のドンを抜いて”ピシャリ”というようになった。
それが日本に伝わり、「どんぴしゃり」「ぴしゃり」という言葉になっていったというわけである。
この話は、史書である南イタリア連合の起源(United SouthItalyOrigin:USO)800ページに記載されている
ジェンダー・ギャップ・ランキングの数値の中でも、GGIスコア(ジェンダー指数)は、0.001刻みで比べると、
お互いにほとんど同じ値をとる国が多い。ほんの小さな差では、扱いにくい面がある。
まず、153か国で、単純に順位と出生率の相関係数を計算すると、0.43になった。
単純に見ると、これは、順位が下がった国ほど、出生率が上がっていると読める。
しかし、これは単純に比較できない、社会進出をチェックする以前に、女性の基本的な権利や生命が脅かされたり、
工業化が進んでいないといった、発展途上国も多く含まれている。
そのような国では、過去の時代から改善されなかったまま、子沢山の社会が続いていることも多い。
明らかに、同じ基準で比較できないものを比較するのは不適切であるので、
これでも、まだ日本と単純に比較するには難しい、様々な文化の違いなどを考慮する必要があるので、
ドイツ、フランス、イタリア、オランダ、ベルギー、ルクセンブルク、フィンランド、スウェーデン、オーストリア、デンマーク、スペイン、ポルトガル、ギリシャ、アイルランド、チェコ、ハンガリー、ポーランド、スロヴァキア、エストニア、スロベニア、ラトビア、リトアニア
その他(16か国)
日本、イギリス、アメリカ合衆国、カナダ、メキシコ、オーストラリア、ニュージーランド、スイス、ノルウェー、アイスランド、トルコ、韓国、チリ、イスラエル、コロンビア、コスタリカ
この中で、出生率が2.9のイスラエルも、再び入れて計算した。
相関係数は-0.06になった。
かろうじて、順位と出生率の関係が負という結果が出たが、やはりOECD諸国の中でも、明らかに比較の難しい、
遠い文化圏の国を同時に比較している、無理な計算があることは否定できない。
そこで、日本と、現在の日本と文化的に近い韓国、北米、ヨーロッパ、オセアニアの国々だけを残して、
再計算する。OECD諸国のうち、コスタリカ、コロンビア、チリ、イスラエル、トルコを除いた。
良好な結果ではあるが、やはり、比較の難しい国を含めている可能性がある。
経済的な規模も、少子化問題対策の参考にするために、揃えて考える。
残った国の中から、更に、G20にも含まれている国だけを残して計算する。
G20に関する基礎的なQ&A
問.G20とは何ですか?
G20とは、G7(フランス、米国、英国、ドイツ、日本、イタリア、カナダ、欧州連合(EU)(G7の議長国順))に加え、アルゼンチン、豪州、ブラジル、中国、インド、インドネシア、メキシコ、韓国、ロシア、サウジアラビア、南アフリカ、トルコ(アルファベット順)の首脳が参加する枠組です。G20の会議には、G20メンバー以外の招待国や国際機関などが参加することもあります。
比較して、最終的に、次の国々を残した。
北欧がない問題が残るものの、妥当な組み合わせであり、日本の少子化対策にも役立つと考えられる。
CountryName | GGIRank | GGIScore | Fertilityrate,total (birthsperwoman)2020 |
| Germany | 10 | 0.787 | 1.53 |
| France | 15 | 0.781 | 1.83 |
| Canada | 19 | 0.772 | 1.4 |
| United Kingdom | 21 | 0.767 | 1.56 |
| Mexico | 25 | 0.754 | 1.905 |
| Australia | 44 | 0.731 | 1.581 |
| United States | 53 | 0.724 | 1.6375 |
| Italy | 76 | 0.707 | 1.24 |
| Korea, Rep. | 108 | 0.672 | 0.837 |
| Japan | 121 | 0.652 | 1.34 |
結果的に、日本と、文化も経済規模も近い国々の間で計算すると、非常に強い相関があると分かった。
ジェンダー・ギャップ・ランキングの順位が、低くなる国ほど、合計特殊出生率も低く、順位が高くなる国ほど、
出生率も高くなることが分かる。
ジェンダー・ギャップ・ランキングの順位が、少子化の指標として卓越していることが、
今回の計算でも示すことができた。
日本のジェンダー・ギャップ・ランキングの順位は、2020年は121位に低迷している。
異次元の少子化対策が求められている、岸田令和日本である。しかし、具体的には、どのような対策が有効なのか。
対策の効果を測定するためにも、出生率と結びつきが強く、しかも、分かりやすい指標が求められている。
そこで、今回は、世界経済フォーラムが発表する、ジェンダー・ギャップ・ランキングに注目したい。
ジェンダー開発学の分野では、ジェンダー・ギャップ・ランキングの順位が高い国で、ジェンダー平等が達成され、
女性が子育てと社会進出を両立しやすく、結果的に、少子化も改善されていることが知られている。
日本の少子化対策についての記事の中で、ジェンダー・ギャップ・ランキングの順位の低迷と、
例えば、次の記事では、題名の中にジェンダー・ギャップ・ランキングの順位と出生数が盛り込まれている。
ジェンダーギャップ121位、出生数90万人以下の日本で、女性たちの未来への備えとは
https://woman.nikkei.com/atcltrc/blog/shirakawatouko/post/dddad1acb2e14d2a9ad1acb2e1cd2a4b/
更に、次の記事では、ジェンダー分野の専門家の対談の中で、GDPや労働生産性と共に出生率、そして、
ジェンダー・ギャップ・ランキングの順位の恥ずかしさについての問題が指摘されている。
ジェンダー指数から、いわゆる、ジェンダー・ギャップ・ランキングの順位が計算される。
上野千鶴子×酒井順子「単身世帯は38%、最も多い家族の姿に。1985年から86年は『女・女格差』元年。女性が3分割された結果、中高年女性単身者の貧困が生まれた」
酒井 2022年の日本のジェンダー指数は、世界146ヵ国中116位。それを永田町のおじさんたちは、恥ずかしいとは思っていないんでしょうね。国際会議に出席する日本代表が男性だけでも平気でいられる。
酒井 出生率も落ちる一方。出生率が高いのは、共働きでケアの公共化がされている場合だと海外ではデータがはっきり出ているのに、なぜ変えようとしないのでしょう。
上野 おじさんたちが合理的選択をしないのは、ホモソーシャルな組織文化を守りたいからだとしか私には思えません。ホモソーシャルな集団のなかで、男として認められたい。そのためには自己犠牲もいとわない。
上で紹介したような関連性の指摘のみならず、実際に、ジェンダー・ギャップ・ランキングや、
類似する、ジェンダー・ギャップを示す指標と、少子化の関係性の分析もなされている。
https://news.yahoo.co.jp/byline/shirakawatoko/20211029-00265552
日本のジェンダーギャップと少子化。この二つはリンクしているとずっと言い続けてきた。日本は世界経済フォーラムが算出するジェンダーギャップ指数では156カ国中120位と先進国では最下位。下から数えた方が早い。先進国に限ってはジェンダーギャップ指数と出生率がリンクしていることがOECD(経済協力開発機構)の分析でわかっている。
2020年4月の内閣府政策統括官(経済社会システム担当)の資料には、「ジェンダーギャップ指数が高い(男女格差が少ない)ほど、出生率は高まる傾向」を示すグラフが掲載されている【図1】。女性が社会進出をすると一旦は少子化になるが、その後回復するかどうかは、ジェンダーギャップをいかに埋めるかにかかっている。
ところが、冒頭のツイートの図にあった通り、他の先進国では事情が違います。女性の社会進出と出生率が相関関係にあるのです。なぜかというと、女性の社会進出と子育てが、トレードオフの関係になっていないからです!
子どもが生まれたら、パートナーたる男性も、当事者としてしっかり家事育児にコミットします。これだけでも、女性の負担はケタ違いでしょう。みての通り、男性の家事育児の負担割合が高い国ほど、出生率が高いのがわかります(我が国は定位置の左下)。
しかし、ジェンダー・ギャップ・ランキングの話をすると、クソリプと呼ばれる意見が寄せられたり、
指標のことに異論を挟む声も、少なくない。そこで今回は、改めて白黒はっきりつけ、
ジェンダー・ギャップ・ランキングが少子化を説明できる、卓越した指標であることを示す。
Fertilityrate,total (birthsperwoman) -World Bank Data
ジェンダー・ギャップ・ランキングは、次の、同じ2020年のデータを使う。
https://www.weforum.org/reports/gender-gap-2020-report-100-years-pay-equality/
どちらにも掲載されている、153か国のデータを使って、ジェンダー・ギャップ・ランキングと、
CountryName | GGIRank | GGIScore | Fertilityrate,total (birthsperwoman)2020 |
| Iceland | 1 | 0.877 | 1.72 |
| Norway | 2 | 0.842 | 1.48 |
| Finland | 3 | 0.832 | 1.37 |
| Sweden | 4 | 0.82 | 1.66 |
| Nicaragua | 5 | 0.804 | 2.349 |
| New Zealand | 6 | 0.799 | 1.61 |
| Ireland | 7 | 0.798 | 1.63 |
| Spain | 8 | 0.795 | 1.23 |
| Rwanda | 9 | 0.791 | 3.873 |
| Germany | 10 | 0.787 | 1.53 |
| Latvia | 11 | 0.785 | 1.55 |
| Namibia | 12 | 0.784 | 3.349 |
| Costa Rica | 13 | 0.782 | 1.555 |
| Denmark | 14 | 0.782 | 1.67 |
| France | 15 | 0.781 | 1.83 |
| Philippines | 16 | 0.781 | 2.777 |
| South Africa | 17 | 0.78 | 2.401 |
| Switzerland | 18 | 0.779 | 1.46 |
| Canada | 19 | 0.772 | 1.4 |
| Albania | 20 | 0.769 | 1.4 |
| United Kingdom | 21 | 0.767 | 1.56 |
| Colombia | 22 | 0.758 | 1.737 |
| Moldova | 23 | 0.757 | 1.77 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 24 | 0.756 | 1.631 |
| Mexico | 25 | 0.754 | 1.905 |
| Estonia | 26 | 0.751 | 1.58 |
| Belgium | 27 | 0.75 | 1.55 |
| Barbados | 28 | 0.749 | 1.628 |
| Belarus | 29 | 0.746 | 1.382 |
| Argentina | 30 | 0.746 | 1.911 |
| Cuba | 31 | 0.746 | 1.5 |
| Burundi | 32 | 0.745 | 5.177 |
| Lithuania | 33 | 0.745 | 1.48 |
| Austria | 34 | 0.744 | 1.44 |
| Portugal | 35 | 0.744 | 1.4 |
| Slovenia | 36 | 0.743 | 1.6 |
| Uruguay | 37 | 0.737 | 1.477 |
| Netherlands | 38 | 0.736 | 1.55 |
| Serbia | 39 | 0.736 | 1.48 |
| Poland | 40 | 0.736 | 1.38 |
| Jamaica | 41 | 0.735 | 1.358 |
| Bolivia | 42 | 0.734 | 2.651 |
| Lao PDR | 43 | 0.731 | 2.541 |
| Australia | 44 | 0.731 | 1.581 |
| Zambia | 45 | 0.731 | 4.379 |
| Panama | 46 | 0.73 | 2.344 |
| Zimbabwe | 47 | 0.73 | 3.545 |
| Ecuador | 48 | 0.729 | 2.051 |
| Bulgaria | 49 | 0.727 | 1.56 |
| Bangladesh | 50 | 0.726 | 2.003 |
| Luxembourg | 51 | 0.725 | 1.37 |
| Cabo Verde | 52 | 0.725 | 1.908 |
| United States | 53 | 0.724 | 1.6375 |
| Singapore | 54 | 0.724 | 1.1 |
| Romania | 55 | 0.724 | 1.6 |
| Mozambique | 56 | 0.723 | 4.713 |
| Chile | 57 | 0.723 | 1.537 |
| Honduras | 58 | 0.722 | 2.394 |
| Ukraine | 59 | 0.721 | 1.217 |
| Croatia | 60 | 0.72 | 1.48 |
| Bahamas, The | 61 | 0.72 | 1.394 |
| Madagascar | 62 | 0.719 | 3.918 |
| Slovak Republic | 63 | 0.718 | 1.57 |
| Israel | 64 | 0.718 | 2.9 |
| Uganda | 65 | 0.717 | 4.693 |
| Peru | 66 | 0.714 | 2.216 |
| Venezuela, RB | 67 | 0.713 | 2.23 |
| Tanzania | 68 | 0.713 | 4.795 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 69 | 0.712 | 1.359 |
| North Macedonia | 70 | 0.711 | 1.3 |
| Montenegro | 71 | 0.71 | 1.75 |
| Kazakhstan | 72 | 0.71 | 3.13 |
| Botswana | 73 | 0.709 | 2.836 |
| Georgia | 74 | 0.708 | 1.971 |
| Thailand | 75 | 0.708 | 1.341 |
| Italy | 76 | 0.707 | 1.24 |
| Suriname | 77 | 0.707 | 2.371 |
| Czechia | 78 | 0.706 | 1.71 |
| Mongolia | 79 | 0.706 | 2.9 |
| El Salvador | 80 | 0.706 | 1.819 |
| Russian Federation | 81 | 0.706 | 1.505 |
| Ethiopia | 82 | 0.705 | 4.243 |
| Eswatini | 83 | 0.703 | 2.89 |
| Greece | 84 | 0.701 | 1.34 |
| Indonesia | 85 | 0.7 | 2.194 |
| Dominican Republic | 86 | 0.7 | 2.303 |
| Vietnam | 87 | 0.7 | 1.955 |
| Lesotho | 88 | 0.695 | 3.049 |
| Cambodia | 89 | 0.694 | 2.381 |
| Malta | 90 | 0.693 | 1.13 |
| Cyprus | 91 | 0.692 | 1.328 |
| Brazil | 92 | 0.691 | 1.649 |
| Kyrgyz Republic | 93 | 0.689 | 3 |
| Azerbaijan | 94 | 0.687 | 1.7 |
| Brunei Darussalam | 95 | 0.686 | 1.796 |
| Cameroon | 96 | 0.686 | 4.543 |
| Liberia | 97 | 0.685 | 4.174 |
| Armenia | 98 | 0.684 | 1.575 |
| Senegal | 99 | 0.684 | 4.454 |
| Paraguay | 100 | 0.683 | 2.497 |
| Nepal | 101 | 0.68 | 2.055 |
| Sri Lanka | 102 | 0.68 | 2 |
| Fiji | 103 | 0.678 | 2.495 |
| Malaysia | 104 | 0.677 | 1.818 |
| Hungary | 105 | 0.677 | 1.56 |
| China | 106 | 0.676 | 1.281 |
| Ghana | 107 | 0.673 | 3.623 |
| Korea, Rep. | 108 | 0.672 | 0.837 |
| Kenya | 109 | 0.671 | 3.397 |
| Belize | 110 | 0.671 | 1.999 |
| Sierra Leone | 111 | 0.668 | 4.08 |
| India | 112 | 0.668 | 2.051 |
| Guatemala | 113 | 0.666 | 2.484 |
| Myanmar | 114 | 0.665 | 2.174 |
| Mauritius | 115 | 0.665 | 1.44 |
| Malawi | 116 | 0.664 | 3.995 |
| Timor-Leste | 117 | 0.662 | 3.247 |
| Angola | 118 | 0.66 | 5.371 |
| Benin | 119 | 0.658 | 5.048 |
| United Arab Emirates | 120 | 0.655 | 1.46 |
| Japan | 121 | 0.652 | 1.34 |
| Kuwait | 122 | 0.65 | 2.14 |
| Maldives | 123 | 0.646 | 1.712 |
| Tunisia | 124 | 0.644 | 2.114 |
| Guinea | 125 | 0.642 | 4.489 |
| Vanuatu | 126 | 0.638 | 3.778 |
| Papua New Guinea | 127 | 0.635 | 3.274 |
| Nigeria | 128 | 0.635 | 5.309 |
| Burkina Faso | 129 | 0.635 | 4.869 |
| Turkiye | 130 | 0.635 | 1.917 |
| Bhutan | 131 | 0.635 | 1.433 |
| Algeria | 132 | 0.634 | 2.942 |
| Bahrain | 133 | 0.629 | 1.832 |
| Egypt, Arab Rep. | 134 | 0.629 | 2.96 |
| Qatar | 135 | 0.629 | 1.816 |
| Gambia, The | 136 | 0.628 | 4.777 |
| Tajikistan | 137 | 0.626 | 3.237 |
| Jordan | 138 | 0.623 | 2.873 |
| Mali | 139 | 0.621 | 6.035 |
| Togo | 140 | 0.615 | 4.323 |
| Mauritania | 141 | 0.614 | 4.455 |
| Cote d'Ivoire | 142 | 0.606 | 4.472 |
| Morocco | 143 | 0.605 | 2.353 |
| Oman | 144 | 0.602 | 2.687 |
| Lebanon | 145 | 0.599 | 2.103 |
| Saudi Arabia | 146 | 0.599 | 2.465 |
| Chad | 147 | 0.596 | 6.346 |
| Iran, Islamic Rep. | 148 | 0.584 | 1.708 |
| Congo,Dem. Rep. | 149 | 0.578 | 6.206 |
| Syrian Arab Republic | 150 | 0.567 | 2.798 |
| Pakistan | 151 | 0.564 | 3.555 |
| Iraq | 152 | 0.53 | 3.551 |
| Yemen, Rep. | 153 | 0.494 | 3.886 |
The staff for thelive-actionsequel film basedon Aoi Hiiragi's Whisper ofthe Heart (Mimi o Sumaseba) manga posted a new videoon Thursday. The rotatable360° video shows behind-the-scenes footage of Seiji'shome in an Italian town,as wellasthe filming of Seiji's performance, where he plays a cello in a streetensemble performing a rendition of Michio Yamagami's "Tsubasa o Kudasai."
Inthe original film, Seiji expresses adesire to become anapprentice to aluthier in Cremona,Italy,one of the wrold'smost well-known cities forluthiers of orchestralstring instruments.
Thelive-action filmwas originally slated toopenonSeptember 18, 2020, butwas delayed toOctober 14 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Visit:https://www.animepisode.pro/
However,EU nations are spliton whether totake thisstep or not. SeniorEU sources have toldCNN that thereis a divide in the member statesbetween countrieslikePoland,Estonia,Latvia andLithuaniawho wantSWIFTas part of the sanctions package thatwill be announced latertoday, andthe likes ofGermany,Italy,Hungary andCyprus,who have stronger economic ties toRussia and do not wantSWIFT included in the new sanctions.
ポーランドやバルト三国みたいにロシアと国境を接する国がロシアのSWIFT切断を主張、一方ドイツやイタリアのようにロシアの資源に依存する国がSWIFT切断に反対、とのこと。
これほんとそうおもう
日本じゃ無いけど海外じゃ下記のような事件もあったりするので頭の良さと関連付けたくは無いけど
(厳しい状況の時こそ安易に自由を制限する主張に対してはしっかりと声を上げなければならない)
下記のツイート はフィレンツェでマスクをしていなかった男性が警察官に乱暴に逮捕される様子の動画
FlorenceItaly, aguyis savagely arrested for not supplying details afterbeing caught without amask.
The Police are off theirheads inItaly,any force neededis acceptable. We are fightingevilhere people, we mustunite,as times nearly up.👊
https://twitter.com/riseupmelbourne/status/1323405372309164033?s=21
文責は無いので100%信じて良いかはわからないが、イタリアではマスクが都市部・大通りで義務化されてから(現在は全国で自宅以外は室外含めて義務化)、
マスク未着用者への些かやりすぎ感のある警察官の対応、逆にマスクルールを徹底させようという警察官へ対するの嫌がらせや暴行が多かったそうな
[The Local] Italian police reportrise in attackson officers enforcingmask rules
https://www.thelocal.it/20200827/covid-19-attacks-increase-on-italian-police-enforcing-mask-rules
まぁ9割は単なるアホだろなって思ってる
海外だとマスクしてないだけで警察官数人に取り押さえられるとかあるぞ
FlorenceItaly, aguyis savagely arrested for not supplying details afterbeing caught without amask.
The Police are off theirheads inItaly,any force neededis acceptable. We are fightingevilhere people, we mustunite,as times nearly up.👊
https://twitter.com/riseupmelbourne/status/1323405372309164033?s=21
文責は無いので100%信じて良いかはわからないが、イタリアではマスクが都市部・大通りで義務化されてから(現在は全国で自宅以外は室外含めて義務化)、
マスク未着用者への些かやりすぎ感のある警察官の対応、逆にマスクルールを徹底させようという警察官へ対するの嫌がらせや暴行が多かったそうな
[The Local] Italian police reportrise in attackson officers enforcingmask rules
https://www.thelocal.it/20200827/covid-19-attacks-increase-on-italian-police-enforcing-mask-rules
下記のツイート はフィレンツェでマスクをしていなかった男性が警察官に乱暴に逮捕される様子の動画
FlorenceItaly, aguyis savagely arrested for not supplying details afterbeing caught without amask.
The Police are off theirheads inItaly,any force neededis acceptable. We are fightingevilhere people, we mustunite,as times nearly up.👊
https://twitter.com/riseupmelbourne/status/1323405372309164033?s=21
文責は無いので100%信じて良いかはわからないが、イタリアではマスクが都市部・大通りで義務化されてから(現在は全国で自宅以外は室外含めて義務化)、
マスク未着用者への些かやりすぎ感のある警察官の対応、逆にマスクルールを徹底させようという警察官へ対するの嫌がらせや暴行が多かったそうな
[The Local] Italian police reportrise in attackson officers enforcingmask rules
https://www.thelocal.it/20200827/covid-19-attacks-increase-on-italian-police-enforcing-mask-rules
そこに来て日本は本当に自由で平和な国だなって。何故なんだろうね。
要らんことばっかやってる国なのに不思議でならないわ
ttps://jp.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-italy-idJPKBN26S36H
ttps://www.sankei.com/world/news/201010/wor2010100004-n1.html
ttps://www.sankei.com/images/news/201010/wor2010100004-p1.jpg
ttps://www.jiji.com/jc/article?k=2020100801057&g=int
ttps://jp.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-britain-johnson-idJPL4N2H03BS
Allowed countries
AL -Albania
BE -Belgium
BG -Bulgaria
BI -Burundi
BM -Bermuda
BO -Bolivia (PlurinationalState of)
BZ -Belize
CD -Congo (Democratic Republic ofthe)
CH -Switzerland
CK -Cook Islands
CN -China
CO -Colombia
CY -Cyprus
CZ -Czech Republic
DE -Germany
EE -Estonia
EG -Egypt
FI -Finland
FK -Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
FM -Micronesia (FederatedStates of)
GB -United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
GG -Guernsey
GH -Ghana
GN -Guinea
GS - SouthGeorgia andthe SouthSandwichIslands
HK -Hong Kong
HM - HeardIsland andMcDonaldIslands
HT -Haiti
HU -Hungary
IN -India
IO -BritishIndianOcean Territory
IR -Iran (Islamic Republic of)
JE -Jersey
JO - Jordan
KE -Kenya
KI -Kiribati
KW -Kuwait
LA -Lao People's Democratic Republic
LB -Lebanon
LI -Liechtenstein
LK -Sri Lanka
LR -Liberia
LU -Luxembourg
LY -Libya
ME -Montenegro
NO -Norway
NU -Niue
OM -Oman
PE - Peru
PL -Poland
QA -Qatar
RE - Réunion
RS -Serbia
RW -Rwanda
SH -Saint Helena,Ascension and TristandaCunha
SK -Slovakia
SO -Somalia
SZ -Swaziland
TF -French Southern Territories
TJ -Tajikistan
TL -Timor-Leste
TN -Tunisia
TO -Tonga
TR -Turkey
TZ -Tanzania, United Republic of
UG -Uganda
UM -United States Minor OutlyingIslands
US -United States ofAmerica
UY -Uruguay
UZ -Uzbekistan
VC -SaintVincent andtheGrenadines
VE -Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
VI -United StatesVirginIslands
VU -Vanuatu
YE -Yemen
ZA -South Africa
ZM -Zambia
ZW -Zimbabwe
I wouldlike towrite about whatI know and understand about the Soka Gakkai because theD.C.Times published an article titled "China's Manipulation ofJapan, NPOs and Soka GakkaiActas Pipeline = U.S.Think Tank Report".
First ofall,as a premise, the Soka Gakkaiis a cult.
Thisis because thereis a definition of a religious cult, and thereality of the Soka Gakkai falls under that definition in many ways.
You can readmore about the definition of a religious cult and mind control in thebook "Combating Cult Mind Control: The #1 Best-selling Guide to Protection,Rescue, and Recovery from Destructive Cults ".
The Soka Gakkaiis also a collection of criminals, sick people and poor people.
Infact, the Soka Gakkaiis similar to themafia gangs inItaly andMexico, andithas reignedas the largest criminaland anti-societyorganization inJapan in thename of a religiousorganization.
Many ofits members have beenbrainwashedand are unable to recognize and judge themselvesasnormalhuman beings.
In the 1950s and 1980s, Soka Gakkai members were forcibly recruited tojoin the Soka Gakkai, andnowadays,itisestimated that about10% of theJapanese people are members of the Gakkai (Soka Gakkai members).
In particular, the Soka Gakkaihas infiltrated civil servants, specificallythe police force, thefire department, and theSelf-Defense Forces, andithas been revealed that20 to 30% of the Metropolitan Police Department's employees are members of the Soka Gakkai.
Thereisalways a certain percentage of Soka Gakkai members in elementary, middle, andhigh school classes, and in corporate workplaces, and thereforeitistaboo to criticize the Soka Gakkai in those communities.
Thisis because the Gakkai members in each community monitor the wordsand actions of their community members in the same wayas the mainlandcommunistswho have infiltratedHong Kong, and ifsomeone speaksout against the Soka Gakkai, theywill target that person and initiate a campaign of sabotage.
The sabotageis similar to theCPC's repressiveactions againsthuman rightsactivists inHong Kong, including obstructing, harassing, and following them around, anact thathas been describedas mass stalking.
Forexample, inJapan, ifyoumake a placatingstatement in a school class orat work that the Soka Gakkaiis a cult religiousgroup becauseit meets the definition of a cultgroup, members of the Gakkai in the communityget madly angry (dependingon the degree of mind control they are receiving) or bite off their anger to deny thestatement.
Then they label the personwhomade such astatementas "anti", and they alsoshare information about the antis with other members of the Soka Gakkai, andbegin to perceive themas "beings to be punishedby Buddha", to be targets of surveillance andgroupattacks.
In reality, however, the definition of a religious cultwas not defined for the Soka Gakkai but for dangerous religiousgroups suchas Aum Shinrikyo and People's Temple, which were intended to prevent ordinary people frombeing harmedby them.
The Soka Gakkai falls under the definition of a cult because the Soka Gakkaihas cult-like tendencies.
When Soka Gakkai members arepointedout to the Soka Gakkai, instead of thinking "Let'sfix what's wrong with my religiousgroup," they think of suppressing their critics (anti) and silencing them, whichis a pattern of thinking and behavior of a fanatic of a religious cult, and the saringasattack (terrorism). Ifeel that the followers of Aum Shinrikyoatthe time whenitwas founded must have had a similar pattern of thinking and behavior.
Believers in cultgroups are unconsciously mind-controlled andbrainwashed, so theydon't think that they shouldchange their way of thinking and behavior when criticismispointedout to them. In thisrespect, theirattitudeis similar to that of theChineseCommunist Party towards the demands ofhuman rightsactivists inHong Kong,i.e.,the fanatics of cultgroups suchas the Soka Gakkai are notnormalhuman beings.
By the way, thereis anorganization calledJCP inJapan, whichis also anti-American and illegal inthe UnitedStates.
Itis well known that some anti-Americanorganizations cooperate with each other in order to undermine this countryby signing apact called "Soko KyodoAgreement" and facilitating agents of anti-Japaneseand anti-Americangroups.
Itis obvious that theJCPis an anti-American terroristorganization innature and that theJCPis a cult-likeorganization whenit signs anagreement with a religious cult.
Fromanotherpoint ofview, the Soka Gakkai, toits followers, appears to be ahugeorganization that carriesout fraudulent and criminalactivities suchas Ponzi schemes andnetwork businesses.It alsohaselements of a black business, andbelieverswhojoin the Soka Gakkai are becoming materially and mentallyexhausted.
The followingblog,runbyMr. Sinifié,exposes thereality of the Soka Gakkai.It contains the testimonies andexperiences of many current and former Soka Gakkai members andex-memberswho have left the Gakkai.
Itis clear that thisreality of the Soka Gakkaiis far removed fromthe original role of religion, whichis to provide individuals withpeace of mind and spiritual support.
As the saying goes, "like begetsfriend,"itisonlynatural for the Soka Gakkai totry to maintain a good relationshipwith theCPC.
However, manyChinesewho have worked inJapan seem to dislike the Soka Gakkai and return to their countries.
Although the Soka Gakkai employs a differentstrategy than Aum Shinrikyo andhas infiltrated manyorganizations suchas corporations, police,fire departments, theSelf-Defense Forces, and local government officials, the Soka Gakkai memberswho have infiltrated the Kasumigaseki bureaucracy and theSelf-Defense Forces are considered dangerous to the U.S. because they are inherently dangerous.
Because they areessentially anti-American andmayactas agents to cooperatewith theCPC.
There are some findings that arecommon knowledge among intellectuals in the U.S. andEurope but have not beenmade known to theJapanese people inJapan because the media and bureaucrats have stopped them.
One of themis that the Soka Gakkai headquartershas been sendingdonations from Gakkai members to Noriega (former general,now imprisoned) inPanama for large-scale tax evasion and money laundering.
Noriega received a large amount of money from Daisaku Ikeda of the Soka Gakkai and investedit inhis own drug business, spreading drugson aninternationallevel.
Daisaku Ikeda of the Soka Gakkaihas been investing and managing thedonations collected from Gakkai members in Noriega's drug businessas wellas tax evasion and money laundering.At the sametime, the Soka Gakkai and Daisaku Ikeda invested thedonations they received from Gakkai members in Noriega's drug businessas a means of tax evasion and money laundering, and returned the profits to thedomestic market to help the Soka Gakkaiexecutivesline their pockets and build Soka Gakkai facilities and Soka University.
The fact that Daisaku Ikeda raised Noriega'sprofile in the Seikyo Shimbun during the same period must be undeniable to those Gakkai memberswho have subscribed to the Seikyo Shimbun.
In particular, there are many Gakkai membersat thelevel of policeorganizations, the Metropolitan Police Department and prefectures,who have been causing social problems and covering up crimes committedby Gakkai members inJapan.
Well, if they are in astate of unconsciousbrainwashing and mind control, theymay notbelieve the contents, andmayassume a pattern of behavior suchasgetting angry,grumpy, orattacking thewriter.
In other words,one canexpect a lot of denial offactslike the followers of Aum Shinrikyo, whichis easy toexpect, but this (theissue of Soka Gakkai and drug business, tax evasion, and money laundering)is afact thatwas revealed because Noriegawas arrested and imprisoned for spreading drugs in the US. Thisis afact thatis well knownascommon knowledge in the U.S. andEurope.
The fact that the Soka Gakkaiis a criminalorganizationis very difficult to deny.
Shouldn't "white people" be correctly discriminated against incorona?
-
Discrimination and persecution related tocoronavirusesisnow widespread worldwide.
Thereis a concrete and wide-rangingsummary of the situation.
―――
"List of Incidents of ForeignFear and Racism Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic"
―――
Thatis theEnglishversion ofWikipedia article.
WithGoogle Chrome, right-click → Translate toJapanese, but the translationis abit rough, but anyone can readit inJapanese.
―――
>> InFrance, after the newcoronaviruswas confirmedonJanuary24, 2020, a lot of harassment and discrimination againstAsians occurred [41].Itis aimedatAsians suchasChinese,Korean,Japanese, Vietnamese, Filipino [42], and taxis and trains that refuse to boardChinese,Korean,Japanese have appeared [41] [43] ].
>> French newspaperLe CourrierPicard featured anAsianwoman in amaskon thetop pageonJanuary 26, 2020with the heading "Yellow Alert".
>>OnMarch 8, 2020, aJapanese restaurant in Rivoli, Turin, Piedmont,was targeted for arsonby a teenagerwho teasedhis owner and calledhim an epidemic carrier. [191]
―――
Not limited to the above, Wuhanand Africans inChina,Chinese and infected people inJapan.
Discrimination, whether inthe United States,Egypt, Africa or anywhere inthe world, existsatall.
In asense,it's almostequal. Underextreme circumstances,itis not uncommon for "weak" people to be able to keep themselves without creating enemies.
-
However, what I want to sayis not a used phrase suchas "Let'slive kindly with philanthropy."
Thereis no objection toit. Ifthe world can eliminate discrimination and prejudice, I naturally wantit.
But what Ifeltwas abig question before that.It can be called academic interest.
-
Chinese discriminate against Wuhan natives,Japanese discriminate againstChinese, andEuropeans discriminate againstAsians.
I see, thereis areason to that, considering the spread ofcoronavirus infection. "From whatyou see, what's dangerousis thatarea".
Roughly,itmay be the result of thinking about "weak" people.
-
Buthere's the strange thing.Asians, Africans,yellows and blacks, they are discriminated against inmanyplacesaround the world.
Frankly speaking,it's safe to say that blacks havelittle to dowith thecoronavirus.It's just thatthe originalsense of discriminationhas surfaced.
Theseethnic groups and regions areequally discriminated against.Itis asense of discrimination thatis basedonfear butis incorrect but makessense.
-
However. Thenwhyisn't "white people" discriminated against?
-
FromApril toMay,the coronavirus showed an explosive spread in the West.
In the ranking of thenumber of infected people inthe world,the United Statesisalone, with 1.34 million people, accounting formore than a quarter of thetotal infected people of 402 million peopleas ofMay10.
Afterthe second place,Spain,Italy,the United Kingdom,Russia,Germany,Brazil andFrance are followed, and eachhasmore than100,000domestic cases.
ExcludingBrazil,everything from 2nd to 7thisEurope. Theword "WesternEurope"is clearlythe most dangerouscoronavirus-contaminatedarea / infectiouszone inthe world.
-
However. Strangely enough, thereislittletalk that "white people,Europeans,and Americans are discriminated against inthe world."
Of courseitis notzero, but while looking forone "white discrimination",itis possible to find "Asian discrimination", "Black discrimination" and "Yellow discrimination".
Itis said that whatis currently expanding inthe worldis not the firstwave fromChina, butthe secondwave fromEurope, whichis the pandemic.
-
With this,itisstill understandable that the "whiteman" continues to do the right thing cleanly and correctly andhas succeeded incorona countermeasures.
However,white people have continued to discriminate amongAsians since thebeginning of the spread.
InJanuary andFebruary,itwas not uncommon to hear thatAsians were already walking around in the country,calling them "CoronaCorona."
Byall means,white people are the incarnation ofevil.It's not a good thing.
-
Regardless of the early stages of the epidemic,now that the "hotbed ofcorona infection"has moved there,it should be possible forwhite people tohateit.
Otherwise,it cannot be called "equal discrimination".As a result,itis wrong.
-
-
Ifyou think aboutthe reasonhere, afterall, "targets are races / objects that originally had hostility",
The hypothesismay be that "there are restrictionson mobility and there arewhiteAsian societies, but few non-white societies arewhite."
It must be interesting to study thearea academically.
-
However,historically, I've seen that "white people" crusade variousplaceswith the Crusades and doall they can to the contrary.
I think that the trilingual diplomacy ofBritainhas created the situation in the Middle East, whereterrorismis frequentnowadays, andhas repeatedly carriedout wrongdoingby repeatedly discriminating against blacks, Indians, andyellow races.
So,isn'tit righthere totry to discriminate againstwhite people correctly?
-
Non-whitesocietyis alittle too kind to "white people".
Coronavirus: speranzedalla scopertadi Sandro Giannini,10Aprile, 2020
https://buongiornonews.it/coronavirus-una-speranza-dalla-scoperta-del-prof-giannini/
1)英訳(Googletranslate を利用させて頂きました)
Coronavirus:hopes from thediscovery of Sandro Giannini
Bologna - From social media comesgood news aboutthe Coronavirus,perhaps decisive, whichhas scientific foundations andisdisseminatedby an authoritative doctor from Rizzoli of Bologna, Sandro Giannini.Hisis a highly qualified curriculum: Full Professor of Orthopedics andTraumatology and of Physical Medicineat theUniversity of Bolognasince 1989,director ofClinic Iat the Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute and of the Gait AnalysisLaboratory, partner inEuropean projects and innational andinternational research programs, author ofmore than 600 presentationsatnational andinternational conferences andmore than 400 articles in ScienceCitationIndex journals.Hismessage gives greathope.Let's read:
“Idon't want toseemoverwhelming toyou, but I think I've demonstrated the cause of coronaviruslethality.Onlyat BlessedMatthew are there 2 cardiologistswho turnover 150 beds to do echocardium with enormous effort andoneis me. Terrible fatigue!However, of what somesupposed, but could not besure, wenow have the firstdata. Peoplego to resuscitation for generalized venous thromboembolism, especiallypulmonary. If this were thecase, resuscitations and intubations are of no use because first ofallyou have todissolve,indeed prevent these thromboembolisms. Ifyou ventilate a lung whereblooddoes notreach,itis notneeded! Infact 9out of10die. Because the problemis cardiovascular, not respiratory!Itis venous microthrombosis, not pneumonia that determines fatality!
Andwhy are thrombi formed? Because inflammation,asper schooltext, induces thrombosis through acomplex but well-known pathophysiological mechanism. Then? Contrary to what scientific literature, especiallyChinese, saiduntilmid-March,itwas that anti-inflammatories should not be used.Now inItaly anti-inflammatoriesand antibiotics are used (as in the influences) and thenumber of inpatients collapses.Many deaths, even 40 years old, had ahistory of highfever for10-15days thatwas not treated properly.Here inflammationhas destroyedeverything and prepared the ground for thrombi formation. Because themain problemis not thevirus, but the immunereaction that destroysthe cells where thevirus enters. Infact, our COVID departments havenever entered patients with rheumatoid arthritis! Because theymake cortisone, a powerful anti-inflammatory!
Therefore,hospitalizations inItaly are decreasing anditis becoming adisease thatis treatedathome.By taking care ofit wellathome,you avoid notonlyhospitalization, but also the thrombotic risk.Itwas not easy tounderstandit because thesigns of microembolism have faded, evenat the echocardium. But this weekend I compared thedata of the first 50 patientsbetween thosewhobreathe badly and thosewhodon't and thesituation appeared very clear. For meyou cango back to playing and reopen the business. Quarantine street. Notnow. Buttime topublish thisdata. Vaccine can arrive calmly. In America and otherstates that follow the scientific literature that calls for NOT to use anti-inflammatoriesis adisaster! Worse than inItaly. And they are old and cheap drugs. " (Associated Medias -Red / Giut)
———
2) 原文:イタリア語
Coronavirus: speranzedalla scopertadi Sandro Giannini
Bologna –Dai social arrivauna buona notiziasul Coronavirus, forse risolutiva, che ha fondamenta scientificheed èdiffusadaun medico autorevole del Rizzolidi Bologna, Sandro Giannini.Ilsuo èun curriculum molto qualificato: Professore ordinariodi Ortopedia eTraumatologia edi Medicina Fisicapresso l’Universitàdi Bolognadal 1989,direttore dellaClinica Ipresso l’Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli e delLaboratoriodi Gait Analysis, partner in progettieuropei e in programmidi ricerca nazionali e internazionali, autoredipiùdi 600 presentazioni a congressi nazionalied internazionali epiùdi 400 articoli in riviste ScienceCitationIndex.Ilsuo messaggio dàgrande speranza.Leggiamolo:
“Non vorreisembrarvi eccessivoma credodi averdimostratola causa dellaletalità del coronavirus.Solo al BeatoMatteocisono 2 cardiologi che giranosu 150letti a fare ecocardio con enorme fatica eunosono io. Fatica terribile!Però,di quello che alcunisupponevano,ma nonne riuscivano a esseresicuri, ora abbiamo i primidati.La gente va in rianimazioneper tromboembolia venosa generalizzata, soprattutto polmonare.Secosì fosse, nonservono a nientele rianimazioni ele intubazioniperché innanzitutto devi sciogliere, anzi prevenire queste tromboembolie.Se ventiliun polmone doveil sangue non arriva, nonserve! Infatti muoiono 9su10.Percheil problema è cardiovascolare, non respiratorio!Sonole microtrombosi venose, nonla polmonite a determinarela fatalità!
Eperchési formano trombi?Perche l’infiammazione comeda testo scolastico, induce trombosiattraversoun meccanismo fisiopatologico complessoma ben noto.Allora? Contrariamente a quello chelaletteratura scientifica, soprattuttocinese,diceva fino a metàmarzo era che non bisognava usare antinfiammatori. Ora inItaliasi usano antinfiammatori e antibiotici (comenelle influenze) eil numero dei ricoverati crolla. Molti morti, anchedi 40 anni, avevanouna storiadi febbre altaper10-15 giorni noncurata adeguatamente. Qui l’infiammazione hadistrutto tutto e preparatoil terrenoalla formazione dei trombi. Percheil problema principale non èilvirus,mala reazione immunitaria chedistruggele cellule doveilvirus entra. Infattinei nostri reparti COVID nonsonomai entratimalatidi artrite reumatoide!Perche fannoil cortisone,un potente antinfiammatorio!
Pertanto, inItalia ospedalizzazionisi riducono estadiventandounamalattia chesicura acasa.Curandola bene acasa eviti nonsolo ospedalizzazione,ma ancheil rischio trombotico. Non era facile capirloperché isegni della microemboliasono sfumati, ancheall’ecocardio.Ma questo week endho confrontato idati dei primi 50 pazientitra chi respiramale e chi no elasituazione è apparsa molto chiara.Per mesipuò tornare a giocare e riaprire l’attività commerciali.Via quarantena. Nonsubito.Mailtempodipubblicare questidati. Vaccinopuò arrivare con calma. In America e altristati cheseguonolaletteratura scientifica che invita a NON usare antinfiammatori e’undisastro! Peggio che inItalia. Esono farmaci vecchi e checostanopochieuro.”
———
3)追記
これ↓はどうも違う、ということのようです。
FDAが、COVID-19への非ステロイド性抗炎症薬(NSAIDs)使用について助言,2020年4月1日
その1https://anond.hatelabo.jp/20200327214055
12 Dr.Hiroshi Nishiuraisone of the few professionals of mathematicalmodels of infectious diseases inJapan, anditis well known thathis abilityisoutstanding. However, many peopledon't understand mathematicalmodels themselves (I must confess that I can't say that I understand all of the findings because I'm not a professional of mathematicalmodels either), sohis findings and comments are easily deified. Because the contents of the mathematicalmodel are a complete blackbox to many people,itmakesit seemlike theoracleis comingoutlike ashrine'soracle. Much ofJapan's infection control policy relieson the Nishiuratheory. So thereisnothing wrongwith that, butone of the problems inJapanis that thereisno plan B incase plan A goes bust. Dr. Nishiurais anexcellent scholar.Itis notGod. Hence theneed to have thatPlan Bwith thepossibility of making a mistake. Iam greatlyconcerned that bureaucrats and politicianswho are prone to infallibilismwill mistake science for anoracle.Itisonly when falsifiabilityisassured that science cancontinue to be scientific.
感想:おみくじと神託が同じoracleだったので変な文章になったが直していない。
13数理モデルは演繹法の活用産物である。演繹法は帰納法やアブダクションで補完するのが、学問の基本であり、臨床医学の常識である。演繹法的にどんなに正しく見えても実はそれは違っていた、ということはこの業界ではよくあることなのだ。ヘーゲルやマルクスのような巨大な知性でも演繹法オンリーでは間違うのである。
Mathematicalmodels are the product of deductive methods. The deductive methodis complementedby the inductive or abduction method, whichis the basis of scholarship and thecommonsense of clinical medicine.It's acommon occurrence in this industry that no matter how deducibly correctitmay seem,it's actually nottrue. Even ahuge intellectlike Hegel or Marx canmake a mistakeby deductionalone.
感想:「蓋を開けてみれば」を「実はそれは」に変更した。
14モデルを使うな、といっているのでは決してない。ぼく自身、モデルを用いて論文を書く。しかし、モデルは無謬ではなく、そこには前提である仮定があり、仮定はしばしば間違っている。グラム染色を活用するとは、グラム染色にできないこと、分からないことを知悉していることであり、グラム染色万能論者にグラム染色は使えない。同じことだ。英国でも数理モデルは活用されているが、だからこそ英国人はその結語には非常に懐疑的で、常に反論、異論が起きている。健全で科学的な態度である。
I'm not sayingdon't use themodelatall. I myselfwrite apaper using amodel. However, themodelis not infallible, there areassumptions that areassumptions, and theassumptions are often wrong. Making use of Gram's stain means having full knowledge of what Gram's stain cannot do anddoes not understand, and Gram's stain cannot be usedby Gram's stain universalists.It's the same thing. Mathematicalmodels are also utilized in theUK, whichiswhyBrits are very sceptical of their conclusions, and there arealways counter-arguments and objections.Itis a sound and scientificattitude.
感想:「前提たる仮定」がうまく訳せていなかったので「前提である仮定」にしたが、assumptions that areassumptionsになってしまった。
「英国人は」がないと主語がIになってしまったので追加した。しかしBritsじゃ意味違うよ。もっと正しく訳してくれない?
15Japan's "now"is a well-controlledstate of infection, whichis much better than Wuhanatitsworst, orItaly,Spain,France,England, orNew Yorkat the presenttime. The problemis thatitdoesn't guarantee thatitwill "always work".
16懸念されるのは東京だ。感染報告が増えたことだけが問題なのではない。クラスターを形成できない、トレースできない感染者が増えているのが問題である。そして、その陽性患者数に比べて検査数がずっと少ない。47人の感染者を捕捉するために100人未満(陽性者の検査日が不明だが、おそらくこのへんだろう)しか検査していないのは少なすぎる。
ItisTokyo thatis ofconcern. The increase in reports of infectionis not theonly problem. The problemis thatmore andmore infected people are unable to form clusters and cannot be traced. And thenumber oftestsis much lower than thatnumber of positivecases;it's toolittle that theyonlytested less than100 people (thedate oftesting for the positivesis unknown, butit's probably aroundhere) to capture 47 infected people.
Again,it's not necessary to figureoutall the infected people. However,itis troubling that theflow of infection, movement and clusters areout of sight. Therefore, the threshold fortesting must be lowered inTokyo. The threshold fortesting varieswith the circumstances. That's what I explainedwith theKorean example.Sticking to the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare's "standards"willlead to a misunderstanding of the phenomenonitself. Already in theKansairegion, infected people have beenfoundwith taste and smell abnormalities, and clusters have been detected from there. I wouldlike tomakemore use of theathletic sensibilities of these clinicians. I'm not sure "where" inTokyois the barrier to lowering thenumber of inspections, but that barrierneeds to be removed immediately.
感想:「捕捉するのに」を「捕捉するために」に変更した。多分これでいいと思う。思いたい。
アスチュートがathleticになっているのはどう反応したらいいかわからない。
17 This conceptual diagram that everyoneis lookingat - lowering thepeak of the infection and shiftingit to the side. Thisisall a product of deduction, and Idon't know ifit's reallytrue.As mentioned above, theUK estimates already suggest that thisis not enough.Itis possible that thedamage thatwas shifted to the side could simply be "extra-longdamage".
18 そして、ここが肝心なのだが、ピークを下げるという理念が、「ピークを下げなければいけない」という観念になり、「ピークは下がっているはずだ」という確信になり、「ピークは起きていないんだ」という自己暗示に転じてはいけないということだ。プランAに固執する日本あるあるの失敗のパターンで、ダイヤモンド・プリンセスでは「二次感染が起きてはいけない」が「起きているはずがない」に転じてノーガード下船を許してしまった。「ピークが起きてはいけない」が「ピークなんて見たくない」にならないように現実を見据える必要がある。たとえ、それが我々の見たくない不都合な真実であったとしても。
And thisis thekeypoint: theidea of lowering thepeak should not become the notion that thepeak must be lowered, or the belief that thepeak must be lowered, or the self-implication that thepeakis not happening. In a pattern ofJapanese failure tostick to Plan A,Diamond Princessallowed no-guard disembarkationby changing "secondary infection should not occur" to "it can't have happened". Weneed to keep oureyesonreality so that "peak shouldn't happen"doesn't become "Idon't want to see apeak. Even ifitis an inconvenienttruth that wedon't want to see.
感想:mustが違う文脈で二回出てきている。よくわかるように変更したいものだ。
カギカッコがないとうまく訳せなかったので追加しているが、なぜかカッコ閉じるがいくつか抜けている。この箇所以外にも抜けがある。
19 Repeatedly.It'scommon knowledge in this industry that deductive methods are complementedby inductive methods. Nevertheless,PCRis oftenfalse-negative andhaslittlepower to determine the status of infection. That'swhy "testingeverything"is so wrong. However, a serumtest measuring immunoglobulinIgM and IgG would provide amore accurate picture of the "status of infection in the population. This, however,is not infallible.Itis difficult to use for individualcases becauseit misses early infection, whichiswhyit misses earlyHIV infection.Whether antibodytestingis useful in individualcases remains to betested, butitis well suited for epidemiological studieson a population basis. Roughly speaking, we can confirm whether the "infectionis rampant" inTokyo rightnow, or whetherit's just an unfoundedfear.
前例としては、ロンドンの血清検査で09年パンデミックインフルエンザが従来予測の10倍起きていたことが血清検査でわかっている。抗体検査はアウトブレイクのあとで事後的に行うことが多いが、慢性的パンデミックになりつつあるCOVID-19については、「今」こそが検証のポイントといって良い。
As a precedent, serologytests inLondon showed that the2009 pandemic fluwas10timesmorelikely than previously predicted. Antibodytestingis often performed after anoutbreak, butnowis a goodtime to examine COVID-19, whichis becoming a chronic pandemic.
感想:「前例はあって」を「前例としては」に変えた。「前例はある。なおかつロンドンで〜10倍起きていた」になってしまったからだ。
20英国はさらにアグレッシブだ。家庭で抗体検査を行い、「感染者である」とわかればそれを自宅での自己隔離の根拠に使おうというのだ。ロックダウンが起きている中で、検査陰性は「自己隔離不要」を意味しないため、その戦略に欠陥はある。が、考え方としては「感染全体を抑え込みたい」というもので、検討の価値はあると思う。
TheUKis evenmore aggressive. Theideais totest for antibodiesathome, and if they arefound to be infected, theywill useitas a basis for self-isolationathome. Thatstrategyis flawed becausewith the lockdown in place, anegativetestdoes not mean "no self-sequestration". However, theideais that we want to control the infectionas awhole, and Ithink itis worth considering.
21東京でどのくらいの感染が起きているか、帰納法的確認は必要であり、有用だ。その結果がどうなるかは預言者ではないぼくには分からない。が、どんな結果が出てきても、それを受け入れ、場合によっては自説を変えて、プランBに移行することにも躊躇しない態度が科学者には必要だ。科学者は、首尾一貫していないことにかけて、首尾一貫していなければならないのだ。形式においては首尾一貫していなくても、プリンシプルやプロフェッショナリズムにおいて一貫しなければならないのだ。事実に誠意を。
Inductive legal confirmation of how many infections are occurring inTokyois necessary and useful. I'm not a prophet, so Idon't know what theoutcomewillbe.However, no matter what theoutcome, scientistsneed toacceptit and not hesitate tochange their thesis andmove on toPlan B in somecases. Scientists have to be coherent in their inconsistencies.Theymay not be coherent in form, but they must be coherent in principles and professionalism. Goodfaith inthe facts.
感想:首尾一貫という言葉を使いすぎて文章をアホっぽくしてしまったが他にいい方法が思いつかない。朝三暮四は理解してくれなかった。「自説を曲げ」は「自説を変えて」に変更した。
文章はもう少し整形できると思うがとりあえずこれで。
https://georgebest1969.typepad.jp/blog/2020/03/事実に誠意を.html
これが原文です。
外国から問い合わせが来ているけれども時間がなくて訳せないということで、DeepLの性能確認ついでにやってみました。
この私訳と岩田健太郎先生は無関係なのでよろしくお願いします。
訳された文章を原文と見比べ、翻訳で文章がおかしくなったところや慣用句は「必ず日本語側の文章をいじることで」できるだけ解消しました。
よって改変した文章だけをこちらに載せ、改変する必要がなかったところは段落番号しか載せていません。元文章は元ブログを当たってください。
英語に詳しいパーソンが精査していただけると幸いです。
1Most of what I'm about towriteis no different from what I've said anddone in the past. However, I have beenasked the same question repeatedly, so I wouldlike to reiterateit. We have received many inquiries from overseasas well, so we should have prepared the same content inEnglish, but due totime constraints, I'm afraid I'll have toskipit. This articleis designed to be read withoutbasic knowledge of infectious diseases and jargon, butitis rather difficult to understand. Please forgive me for that.
感想:「Chromeかなにかでそれぞれ母国語に訳してお読みいただけると幸いです。」がきれいさっぱり消えている。DeepLの自負心だろう。
2The fact that thenumber of COVID-19 reports inJapanis verylow compared to other countriesisattractingattention fromhomeand abroad.Isittrue?Ithas beenpointedout that thenumber oftestsis so small that wemay be misreading the actualnumber of infected people.
3 However, thispointis wrongat various layers. In the first place,Japandoes notaim to captureall thenumbers of COVID-19. Whetherit's administrativetesting or insured care, thestatebasicallyhas atestingstrategy in mind to diagnose, hospitalize, andisolate criticallyill patientswhoneed to be hospitalized.Itisnatural that they "haven't figureditout" and theydon't intend to. That's not a bad thing.Infact, the situationis the same in every country, large or small, and no country, whether inthe UnitedStates,Europe, orAsia,isaiming to "capturethe wholenumber.
感想:最後の文はなぜか他の文と一緒に入力すると訳してくれなかった。この文一つだけ入力すると訳してくれた。
よく考えると「多かれ少なかれ」は通じないだろうから直した方がよかった。なぜかDeepLに繋がらなくなったのでもう直せない。
WHOもそんなことは求めていない。もっとも、そのわりに日本は帰国者無症状者にPCRをやってみたり、無症状な検査陽性者を入院隔離させてみたり(軽症者は自宅じゃなかったの?)、プリンシプルにおいて首尾一貫していない。だから、「彼らがなにがやりたいか私たちはよくわからない」ので、人々は不安になる。リスコミにおける失敗と言えよう。
The WHOis notasking for such a thing. But instead,Japan givesPCR toasymptomatic returnees andisolatesasymptomatictest-positive people in hospital (wasn'tithome for people with minorillnesses?).Ithas not been coherent inits principles. So, peopleget anxious because "we're not sure what they want to do".It's a failure in the press.
感想:「なにがやりたいかよくわからない」に主語を付与する必要があった。リスコミがpressになった。よくわかったな。
「〜は自宅じゃなかったの?)、」の、が.になっているのがよくわからない。なぜかDeepLに繋がらなくなったのでもう直せない。
4 ThedifferencebetweenKorea andJapanis the "result" and not the "purpose". In SouthKorea, where thenumber of infected people had surged inone place, we had tofocuson inspections inand around thearea. If such a phenomenon (let's callit an overshoot) occurs inJapan, thenumber of inspectionswill increase. When the situationis different, arguingonlyon the basis of thenumber oftests without observing the situationislike trying to say, "Thatteam made 50 sliding tackles while thisteam madeonlyone," without watching afootball game. In games whereyoudon't have toslide (e.g., whenyou're in possessionthe wholetime), even 0timesisn't a "mistake," and of course 50timesisn't a mistake.
5 全数把握ができていない疾患など山のようにある。日本ではインフルエンザの「全数」把握はしておらず、定点観測である。疫学上、感染対策上、それで十分な情報が得られているからだ。日本で毎年風邪が何例発生しているか、正確に把握したデータはない。レセプトデータを見ればわかるじゃないか、というのも間違いで、なぜなら多くの風邪患者は(ぼくのように)受診せずに自然に治るまで待っている。医療に限らず、経済学でも政治学でもデータはサンプリングから母数を推定するのがほとんどで、「全数」は非効率的な状態把握法なのだ。
There are many diseases for which thetotalnumber of patientsis not known. InJapan, we do not have a "total"number of influenza cases, butonly a fixed-point observation. Because that's enough information, both epidemiologically and in terms of infection control. Thereis no accurate dataon how many cases of thecommoncold occur each year inJapan.It's also a mistake to say thatyou can tellby lookingat thereceipt data, because manycold patients (like me)don't see a doctor and wait until they are curednaturally. Notonly in medicine, but also in economics and political science, data aremostly basedonsampling to estimate populationnumbers, and "wholenumbers"is an inefficient way of grasping the situation.
感想:ちょこちょこ変えてある。日本語の文章が多少おかしくなっているのは勘弁してほしい。接続詞を適切に入れると格段に翻訳が正確になる。
6 We have not seen the devastation inJapanas inItaly,Spain orNew YorkCity. Thereis no medical collapse in a criticallyill patient, no use of the operating roomas anICU, no piling up of bodieson a skating rink with no place to put them. Even if the "numbers" are not known,itis afact that the current situation inJapan (includingTokyo)is much better controlled than in other countries.
7 Even so,youmay be interested in "Well, what about the actual situation? There are estimates. For example, Dr.Hiroshi Nishiura andhisgroup estimate that thenumber of mildillnesses inJapanmay be twice the reportednumber. Thecatchrateis 0.44, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.37-0.50.
8 Although the studywas basedon data fromChina, thereis no guarantee that theChinese COVID-19 demographicis the sameas theJapaneseone. Also, sincethe original studydid not includeasymptomatic patients or those with minorillnesses thatdid notrequire hospitalization, thenumber of infected patients estimatedon that basis would inevitably be an underestimate. Ifyou aremore paranoid,it's not unreasonable tobelieve that "theJapanese andChineseviruses are different because of the mutation" (although Idon't think so).
9 Thisdoes not diminish thevalue of thepaperitself. Themodel mustalways use existing parameters, anditis often impossible to provethe external validity of these parameters. If the underlying parameters are not reasonable, the predictionswill not be correct. Amodelassumes a simplified world insofarasitis amodel. Amodel without simplification, whichis an adjectival contradiction.
数理モデルのこうした「前提」にイチャモンを付けるのは、例えばAという疾患を対象にランダム化比較試験をしたときに、「Bという疾患については説明できないじゃないか」と文句を言うようなもので、業界の仁義に反する意味のない揚げ足取りである。
To complain about these "assumptions" of the mathematicalmodelislike complaining, for example, "You can't explain disease B," when a randomized controlledtrialis conducted for disease A. Thisis a meaningless tirade against the honor of the industry.
感想;「分からない」を「説明できない」に変えた。多分これでいいと思う。思いたい。
However,itis different for thereader of thepaper.
A mathematicalmodel thatassumes a certain hypothesis should have internal academic validity, butitis the responsibility of thereader,as a resident of the real world, to appraiseit in the real world.
Aという疾患を対象にしたRCTの知見をBという疾患に使ってはならないように、数理モデルの制限を理解し、現実世界にアプライするときに十分注意するのは当然だ。
Justas the RCT findings for disease A should not be used for disease B,itisnatural to understand the limitations of the mathematicalmodel and to be careful when applyingit to the real world. For example,it would be wrong to read thepaper and conclude that thetotalnumber of infected people inTokyois about 500as ofMarch 26.
感想;「読み手は別である」を「読み手にとっては別である」に変更し、「制限や限界」は「limitations and limitations」になったので片方削った。
11 Peoplemake mistakes. Themodels are also wrong.Being wrongis not abig deal. The problemis to noticeyour mistakes andmake corrections. Already, agroupat ImperialCollegeLondonhas admitted thatitsoriginal estimate that thepeak of the infection should be moderatedwas "wrong" andhas revisedits prediction that theICUwill soon fail ifitdoes notfight thevirus fairly aggressively.