- 79 -Pompeii biþ gebyrged framMunte Vesuvio.
- 996 -Otto III Cāsere issues a deed toGottschalk, Bishop of Freising, þe is þæt ieldeste cūðe geƿrit mid namanOstarrîchi (Ēastrīce inEaldum Hēam Þēodisce).
- 1512 - The ceiling of theSistine Chapel, painted byMichelangelo, is exhibited to the public for the first time.
- 1520 - TheStrait of Magellan, the passage immediately south of mainlandSūþ America, connecting theStillehæf and theAtlantic Gārsecg, is first navigated byFerdinand Magellan during his globalcircumnavigation voyage.
- 1530 - An approximated 400,000 die after theNiðerland'dikes fail.
- 1592 - At theBattle of Busan, the outnumbered Korean navy defeats a larger Japanese army.
- 1604 -Willelm Shakespeare's tragedyOthello is presented for the first time, atWhitehall Palace inLundene.
- 1611 -Willelm Shakespeare's romantic comedyThe Tempest is presented for the first time, atWhitehall Palace inLundene.
- 1683 - SēoEngliscu cynelicu landbūnes be namanNīƿe Eoforƿīc is bedæled in tƿelfscīra.
- 1755 -Olisipo earthquake: InPortugal,Olisipo is adiglod be miclumeorðstyre and ȳðe, killing between sixty and ninety thousand people.
- 1765 - TheBritish Parliament enacts theStamp Act on the13 colonies in order to help pay forBryttisc military operations inNorth America.
- 1790 -Edmund Burke publishesReflections on the Revolution in France, in which he predicts that theFrench Revolution will end in disaster.
- 1800 - US PresidentJohn Adams becomes the firstPresident of the United States tō ƿunienne in þǣm Executive Mansion (later renamed þætHƿīte Hūs).
- 1848 - InBoston, Massachusetts, the firstmedical school for women, The Boston Female Medical School (which will later merge withBoston University School of Medicine), opens.
- 1859 - The currentCape Lookout,North Carolina,lighthouse is lighted for the first time. Its first-orderFresnel lens can be seen for 19 miles (30 kilometers).
- 1861 -Americanisc Ingefeoht: US PresidentAbraham Lincoln appointsGeorge McClellan as commander of theUnion Army, replacing the aged GeneralWinfield Scott.
- 1870 - In þǣmGeānlǣhtum Rīcum, the Weather Bureau (later renamed theNational Weather Service) makes its first officialmeteorological forecast.
- 1871 - TheStamford toBourne, Lincolnshireturnpike road was freed from tolls.
- 1876 -Nīƿes Sǣlandesprovincial government system is dissolved.
- 1894 -Nicholas II becomes the new Tsar ofRussia after his father,Alexander III, dies.
- 1896 - Biliþ showing the nakedbreasts of a woman appears inNational Geographic magazine for the first time.
- 1914 -Ǣrest Ƿoruldgūþ: the firstBritish naval defeat of the war, theBattle of Coronel is fought off of the coast ofChile.
- 1918 -Malbone Street Wreck: the worstrapid transit accident in world history occurs under the intersection of Malbone Street and Flatbush Avenue,Brooklyn,New York City, with at least 93dead.
- 1922 - The last sultan of theOttoman Empire,Mehmed VI, abdicates.
- 1939 - The firstrabbit born afterartificial insemination is shown to the world.
- 1943 -Ōðru Ƿoruldgūþ:Operation Goodtime launched -United States Marines invadeBougainville in theSolomon Islands.
- 1944 -Ōðru Ƿoruldgūþ:Operation Infatuate launched - TheBritish Army land atWalcheren in theNiðerland.
- 1948 - Off southernManchuria, 6,000 are killed as aChinese merchant ship explodes and sinks.
- 1950 -Puerto Rican nationalistsGriselio Torresola andOscar Collazo attempt to assassinate US PresidentHarry S. Truman.
- 1950 -Pope Pius XII claimsPapal Infallibility when he formallydefines the dogma of theAssumption of Mary.
- 1951 -US soldiers are exposed to anatomic explosion for training purposes inDesert Rock,Nevada; participation was not voluntary.
- 1952 -Operation Ivy - TheGeānlǣht Rīcu American successfully detonates the firsthydrogen bomb, codenamed "Mike" ["m" for megaton], atEniwetok island in theBikini atoll located in thePacific Ocean.
- 1954 - TheFront de Libération Nationale fires the first shots of theAlgerian War of Independence.
- 1955 - AUnited Airlines DC-6B explodes in mid-air and crashes near Longmont,Colorado, killing 44 people
- 1956 - Formation ofKerala state inIndia.
- 1960 - While campaigning forForestittend þāra Geānlǣhtra Rīca,John F. Kennedy announces his idea of thePeace Corps.
- 1963 - TheArecibo Observatory inArecibo,Puerto Rico, with the largestradio telescope ever constructed, officially opens.
- 1963 -PresidentNgo Dinh Diem ofSouth Vietnam is overthrown andexecuted in acoup d'état led by GeneralDuong Van Minh.
- 1969 - After seven years off the top of the charts,Elvis Presley hits No. 1 on theBillboard Music charts with his song "Suspicious Minds."
- 1973 -Watergate Scandal:Leon Jaworski is appointed as the new Watergate Special Prosecutor.
- 1973 - Formation ofKarnataka state inIndia.
- 1980 -Wayanad district formed in the state ofKerala,India.
- 1981 -Antigua and Barbuda gain independence from theGeānlǣht Cynerīce.
- 1990 - ANīƿeoforƿicburg civil jury awardsSandra Miller $100 for battery after an incident in whichMike Tyson grabbed her breasts and insulted her; the jury found Tyson's behavior "not outrageous".
- 1993 - TheMaastricht Treaty takes effect, formally establishing theEuropisc Gesamnung.
- 1994 -George Lucas leaves the day-to-day operations of his filmmaking business and starts a sabbatical. While on sabbatical, he writes the prequel section of theStar Wars movies.
- 1994 - TheChijon Family is sentenced to death inSouth Korea for murdering andeating five people.
- 1998 - TheEuropean Court of Human Rights is instituted.
- 2004 - TheBank of Japan issues a new series of 1000, 5000, and 10,000 yen notes. Both old and the new series will circulate together.
- 846 -Louis the Stammerer, Cyning of West Francia (d.879)
- 1339 -Rudolf IV of Austria (d.1365)
- 1351 - DukeLeopold III of Austria
- 1530 -Étienne de La Boétie, French judge and writer (d.1563)
- 1539 -Pierre Pithou, Frencisc lawyer and scholar (d.1596)
- 1567 -Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, conde de Gondomar, Spanish diplomat (d.1626)
- 1578 -Dmitry Pozharsky, Russisc æðeling (d.1642)
- 1585 -Jan Brożek, Polish mathematician, physician, and astronomer (d.1652)
- 1607 -Georg Philipp Harsdorffer, German poet (d.1658)
- 1611 -François-Marie, comte de Broglie, Italian-born French commander (d.1656)
- 1636 -Nicolas Boileau-Despreaux, Frencisc poet and critic (d.1711)
- 1643 -John Strype, Englisc historian and biographer (d.1737)
- 1661 -Florent Carton Dancourt, French dramatist and actor (d.1725)
- 1762 -Spencer Perceval,Fyrmestscealc þæs Geānlǣhtan Cynerīces (d.1812)
- 1778 -Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden (d.1837)
- 1808 -John Taylor, American religious leader
- 1871 -Stephen Crane, American ƿrītere (d.1900)
- 1877 -Roger Quilter, British composer (d.1953)
- 1878 -Konrad Mägi, Estonian painter (d.1925)
- 1880 -Alfred Wegener, meteorologist and geophysicist (d.1930)
- 1880 -Sholom Asch, Polish-born American writer (d.1957)
- 1880 -Grantland Rice, American sports writer (d.1954)
- 1886 -Hermann Broch, Ēastrīcisc bōcere (d.1951)
- 1892 -Alexander Alekhine, Russian-born world chess champion (d.1946)
- 1902 -Eugen Jochum, German conductor (d.1987)
- 1923 -Gordon R. Dickson, science fiction author (d.2001)
- 1923 -Victoria de los Angeles, Catalan soprano (d.2005)
- 1929 -Betsy Palmer, American actress
- 1934 -Umberto Agnelli, Swiss-born automobile executive (d.2004)
- 1934 -William Mathias, British composer (d.1992)
- 1935 -Gary Player, American golfer
- 1935 -Edward Said, Palestinian-born literary critic (d.2003)
- 1939 -Barbara Bosson, American actress
- 1940 -Ramesh Chandra Lahoti,Chief Justice of India
- 1942 -Ralph Klein,Premier of Alberta
- 1943 -Salvatore Adamo Belgian-Italian singer
- 1950 -Robert B. Laughlin, American physicist,Nobel Prize laureate
- 1952 -Larry Flynt, American magazine publisher
- 1957 -Lyle Lovett, American singer
- 1957 -Carlos Paião, Portuguese singer (d.1988)
- 1962 -Anthony Kiedis, American singer (Red Hot Chili Peppers)
- 1963 -Rick Allen, British drummer (Def Leppard)
- 1963 -Roddy Bottum, American musician (Faith No More,Imperial Teen)
- 1967 -Sophie B. Hawkins, American musician
- 1972 -Toni Collette, Australian actress
- 1976 -Matt Chapman, American creator ofHomestar Runner
- 1399 -John V, Duke of Brittany (b.1339)
- 1596 -Pierre Pithou, French lawyer and scholar (b.1539)
- 1642 -Jean Nicolet, French explorer (b.1598)
- 1676 -Gisbertus Voetius, Dutch theologian (b.1589)
- 1678 -William Coddington, first Governor of Rhode Island (b.1601)
- 1700 -Charles II of Spain (b.1661)
- 1888 -Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalskiy, Russian explorer (b.1838)
- 1894 -Alexander III, Tsar of Russia
- 1903 -Theodor Mommsen, German author and recipient of theNobel Prize in literature
- 1924 -William Tilghman, American frontier marshal, statesman
- 1942 -Hugo Distler, German composer (b.1908)
- 1963 -Ngo Dinh Diem, President of South Vietnam
- 1972 -Ezra Pound, American poet (b.1885)
- 1979 -Mamie Eisenhower,First Lady of the United States
- 1982 -King Vidor, American film director
- 1983 -Anthony van Hoboken, Dutch musicologist
- 1985 -Phil Silvers, American actor and comedian
- 1987 -René Lévesque, Premier of Quebec, Canada
- 1993 -Severo Ochoa, Spanish–American biochemist,Nobel Prize laureate (b.1905)
- 1999 -Walter Payton, American football player
